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Motherboard
Motherboard
Motherboard
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• Motherboard is a large flat cicuit board.
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• It consists of chips.
• It is also called System board, Planner board, Main board & also Mobo.
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Functions of Motherboard
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1. Motherboard connects all system components.
2. Allows input & output devices to communicate with the system unit.
3. It is the communication medium for entire computer system.
4. It acts as data path for various components.
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Characteristics of Motherboard
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A)Form Factor
B)Chipset
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Form Factor
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Form Factor is the physical size of motherboard as well as
general location of components & ports. Some motherboard form factors
are :
AT – Advanced Technology
ATX – Advanced Technology Extended
Mini-ATX – Mini Advanced Technology Extended
BTX – Balanced Technology Extended
NLX – New Low Profile Extended
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AT ATX
1) 12 pin AT power supply 20 or 24 pins power connector.
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connector.
2) 5 pin DIN mouse connector. 6 pin PS/2 or USB mouse
connector.
3) Serial, parallel & other ports Serial, parallel & other ports are
are connected through a cable. directly soldered on
motherboard.
4) It is an older type of Most system board today use
motherboard. ATX form factor.
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Different form factors and their sizes
FORM FACTOR
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ATX 12 x 9.6
Extended ATX 13 x 12
Chipsets
Motherboard is generally identified by its chipset number. The
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chipset decides the type of processor and the motherboard. It accepts the
type and capacity of RAM and type of internal and external devices
supported by motherboard. They vary in features, performance and stability.
This set of chips controls how the motherboard behaves.
• Northbridge
• Southbridge
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Northbridge Chipset
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• The Northbridge chipset on motherboard helps the CPU to work with
RAM and Graphic card.
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Southbridge Chipset
• It handles mass storage devices, USB, PCI Bus and other expansion buses.
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Block – Diagram
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The block – diagram of chipset can be found on following link :
http://www.sridianti.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Skema-diagram-
dari-sebuah-motherboard-yang-khas.jpg
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BUSES :
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A Bus is nothing but the connection between two or more
components and is used to transfer data between these components. A
computer system has many buses. The size of bus is measure In bits.
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Address Bus :
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• This bus is used to send signals between CPU and memory.
• The size of address bus determines how much memory can be addressed.
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FSB (Front Side Bus)
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• It is the bus that carries the data between CPU & Memory.
• Some FSB speed flavors available in market are – 100 MHz, 133 MHz,
400 MHz, 533 MHz, etc.
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CPU Socket
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• Modern motherboards come with either PGA
or LGA CPU sockets.
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Memory Slot
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• This are used to install memory sticks on the Motherboard.
• Modern motherboard usually has at least two RAM slots, and may have
four or six.
• RAM slots are very specific and will accept only certain types of RAM
based on specification of motherboard.
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Power connector :
• It is used to connect main power connector from SMPS to the
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motherboard.
• CPU Power - If u failed, to connect this connector than system won’t give a
display as CPU doesn’t get proper voltage to work.
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IDE/PATA
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pin socket on motherboard which provides a interface to connect
storage devices like hard disk and optical disc.
• ATX motherboard has two IDE interface, but today’s modern motherboard
has only one. Or absent as it is replaced by SATA.
• Does not support hot plugging. It provides max data transfer speed of 133
MB/s.
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SATA
• It is a latest interface that connects mass storage devices like hard drive and
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optical drives and has replaced older PATA.
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CMOS battery
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• CMOS stores bios settings.
• If this battery fails, then PC could not store date & time.
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Floppy Disk Drive Connector
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• It is a 34 pin connector used to interface FDD.
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BIOS chip
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It is the special memory chip that contains BIOS software,
which tells the processors how to interact with the rest of hardware in the
computer.
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Expansion slots
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These are used to expand the capability of the computer by
installing the cards like sound card, video card, network modem etc.
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1) PCI
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• It is the most common internal expansion slots found inside the PC.
• In coming years, PCI will be replaced by PCIe.
• It is generally white colored slot.
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3) PCIe (x1) : PCI Express x1 slot
• Used to interface modern expansion cards like TV tuner, NIC, sound card
etc.
4) PCIe (x16) :
• Used to interface recent graphic cards.
• Its usually identified with locking clamp at one side which prevents
graphic card from getting loose.
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Backpanel Ports
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PS/2 port
• The Personal System/2 is a 6-pin mini DIN connector used for connecting
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• Its name comes from the IBM Personal System/2 series of personal
computers.
• The PS/2 mouse connector generally replaced the older ”serial connector”.
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Serial port
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• It is a 9-pin port.
• It is used to interface serial devices like old type of mouse & old type of
modem.
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Parallel port
• It is a 25 pin connector.
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VGA port
• Video Graphics Adapter.
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• It is a 15 pin port.
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USB port
• Universal Serial Bus.
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• It is a 4 pin connector.
• It is used to interface USB devices like Printer, Scanner, Pen Drive etc.
• It is hot-swappable.
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Multimedia port
It is used to interface Multimedia Devices like Speaker, Mike etc.
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1) Pink : Mike
2) Green (Line Out) : Speaker / Headphone
3) Blue (Line In) : Recording
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HDMI
• High Definition Multimedia Interface.
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Thank You…!!