Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler
Nourishment from the Associated Well

- Gathered sources and new commentary
Jean Louis Knapper
v 0.92
2019-11
"Colorful Chinese Dragon" cover artwork by wiangya, via stock.adobe.com

"Chinese ink and water landscape" artwork p. i-32, by 昊周, via stock.adobe.com
All other artwork, including Yi Jing icons, by Jean Louis Knapper
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Index
Index p. i-1
Hexagrams Index p. i-3
Hexagram Chart p. i-5
Inner Hexagrams Chart p. i-5
Trigrams p. i-6
Introduction p. i-7
Technical use issues
Methods for consulting the Yi Jing p. i-11
Protocol for consulting the Yi Jing p. i-11
Casting a reading with coins p. i-13
Casting a reading with the Yi Jing sticks p. i-15
Casting a reading with the Yarrow Stalks p. i-16
Casting a reading with a computer p. i-16
Type of hexagrams p. i-16
General remarks about the text p. i-17
Time p. i-18
The Names p. i-19
Theme description p. i-19
The "Image" p. i-20
The "Judgment" p. i-20
The "superior one" p. i-21
The "Great Man" p. i-21
The Lines p. i-22
Profile, most / least auspicious, special note, special indication p. i-23
"Wildcard" comments p. i-23
About male vs female p. i-24
About "yes" and "no" p. i-26
Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-1

Archetypes, metaphors, and the meaning of images p. i-27
How accurate are the answers of the Yi Jing? p. i-27
Yi Jing as a manifestation of synchronicity p. i-28
An example for how to use the Yi Jing for divination p. i-29
Early Heaven and Later Heaven sequences p. i-30
Sequence of Earlier Heaven, or Primal Arrangement - Fu Xi (Fu Hsi) p. i-30
Sequence of Later Heaven, or Inner-World Arrangement - Fa Wen p. i-31
5-Elements Cycle / The 5 Stages of Change p. i-32
Chinese Art p. i-33
~~~~~
Hexagram Texts p. 1
Hexagrams Index p. i-3
Appendix
Appendix I - Overview of Yin-Yang and the trigrams p. 952
Appendix II - Trigrams and color associations p. 953
Appendix III - Trigrams and musical associations p. 955
Appendix IV - Geographical areas p. 956
Appendix V - Bibliography p. 957

Hexagrams Index
Hex. 1, the Light (the Creative, the Active) - Qian (Ch'ien) p. 1

Hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the Passive) - Kun (K'un) p. 19
Hex. 3, the Difficulties at the Beginning (the Time to Grow, the Growing Pains) - Tun (Chun) p. 36
Hex. 4, Hidden Liveliness (The Young Fool, Ignorance) - Meng (Mêng) p. 54
Hex. 5, Biding the Delay (Waiting or Not Waiting, Ultimate Truth) - Xu (Hsü) p. 71
Hex. 6, the Conflict (the War, the Dispute) - Song (Sung) p. 85
Hex. 7, the Army (the Disciplining, Dealing With Crowds) - Shi (Shih) p. 97
Hex. 8, the Solidarity (the Supportive Association, Unifying Support) - Bi (Pi) p. 112
Hex. 9, the Power of the Small (the Small Accumulating, Small Action) - Xiao Chu (Hsiao Ch'u) p. 124
Hex. 10, the Way of Moving (the Way of Advancing, the Rules of Action and Behavior) - Lu (Lü) p. 140
Hex. 11, the Peace (Great and Massive, Massive Prosperity) - Tai (T'ai) p. 154
Hex. 12, Stagnation (the Stubbornness, Stuck to be Receiving) - Pi (P'i) p. 168
Hex. 13, Consideration of Ones Companions (the Friendship, the Company) - Tong Ren (T'ung Jên) p. 184
Hex. 14, the Managing of Great Possessions (Great Opulence, Great Possessing) - Da You (Ta Yu) p. 198
Hex. 15, Hidden Richness (the Modesty, Hidden Qualities) - Qian (Chi'en) p. 211
Hex. 16, the Enthusiasm (the Strategy, What Is Arranged In Advance) - Yu (Yü) p. 223
Hex. 17, the Following (Acquiring, Creating an Allegiance) - Sui (Sui) p. 240
Hex. 18, the Decay (the Work On What Has Been Corrupted, Poisoned) - Gu (Ku) p. 253
Hex. 19, the Approaching (Moving Towards, the Anticipating) - Lin (Lin) p. 268
Hex. 20, the Contemplation (the Guarding, the Vigilance) - Guan (Kuan) p. 283
Hex. 21, Organized Biting Through (the Litigation, the Enforcement of the Rules) - Shi He (Shih Ho) p. 296
Hex. 22, Considering Grace (the Beauty, the Appearance) - Bi (Pi) p. 309
Hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling Away) - Bo (Po) p. 324
Hex. 24, the Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of the Roads) - Fu (Fu) p. 341
Hex. 25, the Innocence (the Spontaneous, the Unexpected and Surprising) - Wu Wang (Wu Wang) p. 356
Hex. 26, Great Strength Accumulating (The Restraining Power of the Great, Great Gain) - Da Chu (T'a Chu)
p. 369
Hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws) - Yi (I) p. 383
Hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner Preponderance) - Da Guo (Ta Kuo) p. 400
Hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness) - Kan (K'an) p. 414
Hex. 30, the Fire (the Illuminating, That Which Sticks And Exhausts) - Li (Li) p. 434
Hex. 31, the Influence (the Stimulation, the Courtship) - Xian (Hsien) p. 451
Hex. 32, the Constancy (the Enduring, the Exception) - Heng (Hêng) p. 466
Hex. 33, Withdrawing (Retiring, Obscuring) - Dun (Tun) p. 479
Hex. 34, the Great Use of Strength (Upholding Great Strength, Solidifying) - Da Zhuang (Ta Chuang) p. 492
Hex. 35, the Time of Advancing or Not Advancing (Progress, Flourishing) - Jin (Chin) p. 504
Hex. 36, the Darkening of the Light (the Hidden Brightness, Oppression) - Ming Yi (Ming I) p. 520
Hex. 37, the Family Bond (the Allegiance, the Commitment) - Jia Ren (Chia Jên) p. 541
Hex. 38, the Estranging Opposition (the Alienation, the Strange) - Kui (K'uei) p. 555
Hex. 39, the Obstacle (the Obstruction, the Opponent) - Jian (Chien) p. 571
Hex. 40, the Liberation (the Freedom, to Loosen) - Jie (Hsieh) p. 586
Hex. 41, the Decrease (the Diminishing, the Balancing) - Sun (Sun) p. 599
Hex. 42, the Increase (Gain, Overflowing) - Yi (I) p. 613
Hex. 43, the Resoluteness (the Angry Outburst, the Settling of a Decision) - Quai (Kuai) p. 627
Hex. 44, Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching Relationship) - Gou (Kou) p. 645
Hex. 45, the Gathering Together (Collecting, Conforming) - Cui (Ts’ui) p. 660
Hex. 46, Rising (Growing Upwards, Ascending) - Sheng (Shêng) p. 673
Hex. 47, the Exhausting Adversity (the Entrapment, Endless Stress) - Kun (K'un) p. 687
Hex. 48, the Well (the Source, the Association) - Jing (Ching) p. 705
Hex. 49, Change (the Revolution, the Molding) - Ge (Ko) p. 717
Hex. 50, the Boiling Pot (Transmutation, the Vessel Rejuvenating) - Ding (Ting) p. 729
Hex. 51, the Thunder (the Movement, the Arousing) - Zhen (Chên) p. 744
Hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness) - Gen (Kên) p. 758
Hex. 53, the Gradual Development (Gradual Progress, Progressing into a Whole) - Jian (Chien) p. 772
Hex. 54, The Marriage (the Marrying Maiden, the Long-Term Association) - Gui Mei (Kuei Mei) p. 786
Hex. 55, the Abundance (Plenty and Full, the Vast Heritage) - Feng (Fêng) p. 805

Hex. 56, the Wanderer (the Traveler, the Temporary) - Lu (Lü) p. 822
Hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly Penetrating and Organizing) - Sun (Sun) p. 836
Hex. 58, the Ocean (the Exchange, the Joy and Sadness) - Dui (Tui) p. 850
Hex. 59, the Dispersing (the Dissolution, To Have Been, Becoming, and Being "One") - Huan (Huan) p. 866
Hex. 60, the Restraint (the Limitations, the Rhythm of Life) - Jie (Chieh) p. 879
Hex. 61, the Inner Sincerity (the Inner Truth, Inner Reliability) - Zhong Fu (Chung Fu) p. 891
Hex. 62, the Exceeding Smallness (the Small Excess, Outer Preponderance) - Xiao Guo (Hsiao Kuo) p. 905
Hex. 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware) - Ji Ji (Chi Chi) p. 922
Hex. 64, Preparing and Beginning (Before Completion, At the Beginning) - Wei Ji (Wei Chi) p. 936
/ p. 951

Hexagram Chart
Find your hexagram by identifying the lower trigram (on the left), and the upper trigram (at the top).
Inner Hexagrams Chart
Inner hexagram < hexagrams with inner hexagram
01 < 01, 28, 43, 44

02 < 02, 23, 24, 27
23 < 03, 08, 20, 42
24 < 04, 07, 19, 41
27 < 29, 59, 60, 61
28 < 30, 55, 56, 62
37 < 06, 10, 47, 58
38 < 05, 09, 48, 57
39 < 16, 21, 35, 51
40 < 15, 22, 36, 52
43 < 14, 32, 34, 50
44 < 13, 31, 33, 49
53 < 12, 17, 25, 45
54 < 11, 18, 26, 46
63 < 38, 40, 54, 64
64 < 37, 39, 53, 63

Trigrams
To read more about each trigram (element), see the corresponding texts of resp. hex. 1, 2, 51, 52, 57, 58, 29,
and 30, and see the overview of appendix I, p. 952.
the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving), the Father - Qian (Ch'ien)
the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark), the Mother - Kun (K'un)
the thunder (arousal, ignition, shock, movement, consequences), the 1st (or oldest) Son
- Zhen (Chên)
the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information),
the 3rd (or youngest) Son - Gen (Kên)
the wood / the wind (the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism,
society, the justice system, banners, the experience), the 1st (or oldest) Daughter - Sun (Sun)
the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement,
decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), the 3rd (or youngest) Daughter - Dui (Tui)
the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), the 2nd (or middle) Son
- Kan (K'an)
the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of
energy), the 2nd (or middle) Daughter - Li (Li)

Introduction
-
Yi Jing
For The Spiritual Traveler
"We're not humans having a spiritual experience,

we're spiritual beings having a human experience."
C.S. Lewis
You have in your hands (or on your screen) the Yi Jing text that I would have done (almost) anything for to
get my hands on at the beginning of my life, if I knew it could possibly exist.
The first time I sought the advice of the Yi Jing, in a sort of homely "having fun after-dinner" setting, I was
only 13. Little did I know this was the beginning of a long and ever fascinating adventure. After this
experience, I consulted the Yi regularly throughout my teen years, often using a rather well-done concise
Dutch Yi Jing text in pocket book version. Generally, it always gave me relatively clear directions, but as so
many others have found, there were still many instances that came up where the basic images or phrasing
just didn't seem to clarify what was really at hand, and/or where things would or should go.
Then, at 32, after having done weeks of karma-cleaning meditations (following authentic Indian wisdom
descriptions), came a period of revelation. I had a series of powerful Yi Jing answers to chew on, and
suddenly found a clear understanding of the play of trigrams, the elements they represent, and their
expression of archetypes of endlessly subtle and versatile occurrences, situations and circumstances. This
resulted in profound insights into the meanings of the hexagrams, trigrams, and related texts, often not found
in existing versions of the text.
So I decided to write this book, not to publish anything, but to assemble all texts I found relevant, as found in
scholarly translations, such as the R. Wilhelm translation, the "site of Yin" and the Mawangdui translations,
and many more, amongst which various creative versions I found pertinent and useful (see appendix V, p.
957, for a complete list). The idea was to extract all of the most pertinent and useful texts, images, and
understandings.
At the time of writing this I'm in my 58th year, meaning that I studied the Yi Jing for some 45 years, of which
26 years intensively (some would say: excessively!), and daily. Those latter 26 years were spent on
producing and editing the present text.
Once having started editing the text, gradually, by and by, I started to see deeper and deeper meanings of
the hexagrams and their individual lines, especially in spiritual matters, and generally where a clear-cut
decision is desired, while so many different (and confusing) elements may have to be taken into account for
a certain issue.
Then came the need to write my own commentaries, first only in the commentaries added to the core texts
(of Image, Judgment, and lines), but also occasionally in the core texts. This was in the first place meant to
help me read the texts more efficiently, and to get faster to the essence of a matter. For many hexagrams,
lines and images, subtle additional meaning(s) have been brought out and clarified.
As a rule, all my comments are clearly indicated, such as to indicate where the original text and a digest of
various Yi Jing versions and commentaries begin and end. This was however not always an elegant solution

for minor additions or changes, such as for the hexagram names or certain alternative phrasing, terms and/or
descriptions, so these are not indicated and one will have to compare with other texts (such as the R.
Wilhelm translation, etc..., see appendix V, p. 957) to understand what is different.
My personal additions are the fruit of deep analysis, accumulated experience, knowledge and "inspiration",
not only with the Yi Jing, but in many different domains. Having received a high-level school education,
followed by graduating at the Royal Conservatory of the Hague as a Jazz-guitarist, and having had a
reasonably successful albeit brief career as a performing musician, composer, and producer (a.o. of
soundtracks for TV), and having done decades of personal research in other areas, I was able to dig into a
rich basis for understanding many essential scientific, social, historical, spiritual, artistic and many other
disciplines and their guiding ("ruling") principles, which are all key aspects for understanding the Yi Jing.
With the internet coming into existence, I was able to benefit from the experiences of many who have
published about their Yi Jing experiences and castings, often leading to clear conclusions about the Yi Jing's
texts and images.
Being able to use a PC allowed me to work in ways that were unimaginable to previous generations, and
extremely powerful by those ancient standards. It's amazing how much of a difference it makes to be able to
work on a huge text such as the present one (more than 900 pages in A4 format - without illustrations nor
introduction and instructions), continuously editing and changing it (for over 25 years) with ridiculous ease, or
to use a simple "search" function, a spell-checker, and so much more.
Also, researching things in an era where so much fantastic expert translations and deep digging work on the
Yi Jing are readily available, most of it unexisting or obscure in earlier times, is without parallel.
With that, during the early 1990s I acquired the amazingly simple to use and effective "I Ching sticks", which
are not the "Yarrow stalks", but 6 elegant sticks that allow one to do a casting with only 1 throw, instead of 6
throws when using coins (see p. 15). The results are as good and even better (in my opinion) than when
using coins. In particular, it allowed me to cast readings at least 6 times more often then when using coins,
with less fatigue, in merely seconds (if such speed be required), resulting in all the more opportunity to study
the Yi Jing.
Outside of my own comments, the main body of the "original" text (indicated as "Gathered sources") should
be viewed as a kind of "digest", or even "synthesis", of the many Yi Jing versions available, and for the most
part of the R. Wilhelm translation (and subsequent translations in Dutch, English, and French), the Wu Jing-
Nuan "site of Yin" translation, and E.L. Shaughnessy's "Mawangdui" translation, which together essentially
represent the commentaries of King Wen, the Duke of Zhou, and Confucius. These translations have not
been included (quoted) in their entirety, nor literally. The idea was not to copy or "steal" these texts. Rather,
they have been extensively quoted as the basic source material (called "Gathered sources"), after testing
them and having them "confirmed and approved", and generally the texts have been adapted, rephrased
and/or expanded upon (so in the end, most of the source texts have not been quoted verbatim, excepted key
paragraphs of accumulated wisdom that can not be omitted taken from the R. Wilhelm version, and from the
Astrology oriented text by W.K. Chu / W. Sherill - see appendix V, p. 957), such as to turn out a text that is
more pertinent, easily readable, and effective in the most versatile way, and more generally applicable for the
many type of situations that can come up.
In a few exceptional cases, some input from other sacred texts have been included, such as the Dao De Jing
and the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.
In most cases, deciding on the final version of core texts, such as those of Image, Judgment and lines, and
especially changes to the names of the hexagrams, was only done after many years of research and
experience, using and testing them, oftentimes only after one or two decades. Some of the differences may
seem subtle, but they can be significant when reading an answer for the first time. They are meant to "work"
under all circumstances (or almost) and give the reader concise, "rock-solid" indications for the matter at
hand and the course to follow (or that was followed, if in the past). The goal has been to give indications that
are practical, rather then exhaustive (it be from a linguitsic, literal, historical, or other technical angle).
The reason to do this text in English is that it is presently the most "universal" and wide-spread language in
the world. It's also a language that is very familiar to me and easy to work with.
Of course, all this editing, rephrasing, deduction and extrapolating was done with very much a personal

focus, yet all the while staying as close as possible to the original received text. In fact, there are many
instances where I aimed to formulate more precise answers to questions I've asked in the past, and for
which the result or essence have become fully clarified, making it possible to pinpoint critical issues and/or
aspects as reflected in the text, adjusting details to improve their relevancy and pertinence, and transposable
to other situations in an archetypal way.
Some readers may have entirely different focus and/or views on how to understand certain hexagrams and
lines. That's perfectly fine and natural, given the versatility and multi-dimensionality of the Yi Jing's imagery
and relevance. They can use this text to question and reconsider things, as a support when getting stuck,
and/or generally to explore things further. They should also be aware that no part of the text has been
included without it having been checked, experienced, and rechecked, thus verified as thorough as could be
done.
One particular focus when editing this text was to make all primary meanings and commentaries applicable
in a general metaphoric way, which permits applying them to scientific and theoretical matters. Used this
way, the Yi Jing can give astonishingly accurate and revealing insight, which is not possible when focusing
on meanings that could be too "creative", imaginative, or limited to a particular daily or distantly related
angle, focusing on marginal or secondary meanings that leave things too open and unspecific. Still, some
creative approaches were used to clarify more spiritual and/or emotional matters.
Thus, with the focus of the present text in mind, the thunder is indicated to represents ignition, i.e. arousal,
shock, electricity, etc... the fire represents energy, or (on the contrary) draining of (and consuming) energy,
projection, etc... the ocean represents a large body of water, a big mass of any substance or conceptual
matter, resources, exchange, etc... and so further. The same was done for meanings attached to male /
yang, and female / yin, without attempt to be "politically correct" to soothe those who would like to redesign
the universe, which would merely confuse matters without end. See an overview of the trigrams on p. i-6.
Following this same kind of method, I was also able to attach and introduce many specific meanings to the
line positions, when seen as representing: 1. feet, 2. calves, 3, hips/back-bone, 4. heart, 5. mouth, 6. head,
and their parallels / equivalence in society, in technical, in spiritual sense, or in biological sense, which were
not yet explored, or not to a sufficient extent, by previous versions, as far as I have been aware of.
This version is by no means meant to be exhaustive or to offer the most "correct" or authentic translation of
the original Yi Jing texts. If you wish to consult the most authentic version or literal translation of the ancient
texts of the Yi Jing, then consult those excellent and wonderful editions that are meant to offer such a text
(see appendix V, p. 957). In any case, those texts offer many highly interesting insights, elements and
aspects, not necessarily all covered in this text, as the present one is meant to focus on primary (archetypal)
meanings of hexagrams and their lines, and doesn't include the so called "Ten Wings" (which included the
"Ta Chuang", "the Great Treatise"). Use this version to expand on the original ancient version(s), and deepen
your understanding in various alternative ways to use the Yi Jing by exploring those other texts (there's
always more!).
This text tries to define the essence of the ancient Yi Jing texts and images, what they intend and/or tend to
indicate, and to extrapolate on these, not to offer their strict meaning in a technical linguistic (and/or literal)
way.
As far as I've I've experienced, the answers offered by the Yi Jing always seem to address a deeper spiritual,
multi-dimensional aspect of what is at hand, unless being wonderfully practical and "down to earth", which
also frequently occurs (especially for more mundane things). Both often go hand in hand. Such is Dao.
This text also deeply explores their application from a spiritual and shamanic standpoint, offering a readable,
versatile text, while remaining practical and somewhat technical and concise.
One common problem with consulting the Yi Jing and the sparse language and imagery of the original
versions and the confusion that is possible with these, is that of wishful thinking and interpreting answers in
flawed ways to accommodate ones desires, not to mention having to deal with erratic (inappropriate)
ingrained beliefs, convictions, and/or customs. This generally happens due to certain clues that have been
missing from the original text, and its fundamentally minimalist nature on one hand, and on the other hand
due to not being (brutally) honest with oneself, and/or not rigorous, and/or due to not following the right
approach (and/or "ruling principle") when interpreting. I found the Yi Jing's answers to be extremely coherent,
straightforward, following an "ironclad guaranteed logic", and ALWAYS perfectly correct, as one could expect

from a divine tool. Yet one must learn what message it is giving, and one must follow the right procedure
(consulting basic, inner, future, and future-inner hexagrams, and various other key elements). One must be
willing to receive and follow this logic. Personally, it took me many years to understand it to a fair degree. As I
have liked to say over many years: "The Yi Jing is always right, we just have to understand what it's saying!"
It's one of the main objectives of this text to clear things up and avoid the many pitfalls that could lead one to
a flawed interpretation and the negative consequences it can have.
It is the fruit of a life. It is genuine accumulated knowledge and experience, supported by the study of
thousands of Yi Jing answers, hundreds of which having been studied by me again and again over many
years, to deepen their understanding.
May it be useful for many good spirits in order for them to find peace and realize (manifest) their goodness.
Be aware though that this version of the Yi Jing text is not finished. There may be a time when new changes
and/or additions will have to be made, based on new understandings, or input (such as by new accumulated
knowledge). Fortunately, it can all be done with the assistance of the Yi Jing itself.
A word of caution before using the present text: using the Yi Jing must be seen as teamwork. It's the Yi Jing
AND the one doing the divination that have to work together. The one doing the divination must apply
superior wisdom, and due diligence (such as reading the text with care and intelligence, and not give in to
wishful thinking). If not, due to wrong and/or flawed results one may end up putting the Yi Jing aside,
discarding it, which would be sad and unnecessary. See an example of a reading about this, on p. i-29.
When using the advice given by the Yi Jing ALWAYS remember that it has to be received with a heart that is
fully sincere, honest, righteous, rigorous, and brave enough to face the worst dilemmas that one could
encounter. One has to resonate with what is right. See my comment in the Judgment text of hex. 37, the
Family Bond (the Allegiance, the Commitment). As mentioned above, it is all too common to read ones
desires into even the worst answers that could occur. There's hardly a remedy against it using merely the
text, even with the most pertinent editing and formatting. The Yi Jing is for superior persons and those who
aspire to be, and only with a good and honest heart while being respectful of the answers received, can one
have the right understanding and make the right choice.
Be sure to write down all casting answers to matters that are somehow relevant to you, and which you will
probably remember about in the future, so that you can keep deepening your understanding, and familiarize
yourself with the way the text is presented here, and the numerous angles and levels of understanding and
interpretation.
If you have doubt about what the Yi Jing seems to indicate for your question, then please consult the Yi Jing
again, and ask if the printed answer is reliable, and/or if your understanding of (the text of) the Yi's answer is
reliable (do both!). There is NO LIMIT to how often you can ("are allowed" to) consult the Yi Jing, as long as
you're sincere and respectful and are using a good protocol, not asking the same question more than one
time (the first answer will always end up being the most relevant and essential one), and aside from natural
limits such as getting tired, lack of concentration, lack of time (therefore doing things in a rush), not letting
things sink in enough, not thinking things over enough, and/or not being honest enough with oneself and/or
others. For those who, in the past, have been confronted with hex. 4, Hidden Liveliness (The Young Fool,
Ignorance), read the text for it as found in the present version, for what wisdom it really can offer about this
issue (although if you're new to the Yi, you might not wish to do that and prefer to have some fun exploring it
by the time the hexagram comes up in a casting!).
Be honest with yourself and the Universe. Then you will find the Yi Jing as your always sincere and
considerate friend in the worst of times, as well as in the best.
This text stands on the shoulders of Giants; May it honor those Great ones and their message; May it serve
well. Be aware that there's always more...
Always in the Dao.
JLK

Technical use issues
Methods for consulting the Yi Jing
There are several tried and known ways to consult and/or apply the Yi Jing:
1. The Yi Jing as applied with the divination practice such as through casting a reading with coins, sticks,
shells, etc... that are thrown unto a surface, after which the occurring hexagram constellation is examined.
2. The Yi Jing as a system for Chinese Astrology, and related calanders.
3. The Yi Jing as a philosophical and geomancy system clarifying the way the Universe is organized, moving,
and continually changing, such as for Feng Shui.
Protocol for consulting the Yi Jing
Asking a question to the Yi Jing should be straightforward, and as simple as possible.
However, the Yi Jing answers through images. Therefore, certain questions and ways of phrasing them
should be avoided. For example, asking merely for a "yes" / "no" may not be enough to clarify an issue,
although sometimes it will, if very obvious in meaning (also see p. i-26).
The most effective way to ask a question of the Yi Jing is to phrase it so that it can answer with one of its
images.
A simple way to phrase a question that can be used in almost any case, is to start it in one of the following
ways:
- "What should I think of ...?"
- "What will the result be for me if I do ...?"
- "What do you advice me to do about ...?" or: "How should I handle ...?"
- "What is your advice about ...?"
- "How probable is it that ... will occur?
- "To what extent is ... (such or such, this way / that way)?
- "What image do you give of (for) ...?"
Notice how each of these questions can be answered by each of the names and images of the hexagrams,
with very distinct and precise answers. Take for example hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness),
or hex. 51, the Thunder (the Movement, the Arousing), the first advising rest and paying attention to how
things add up (and grow tough), the second advising movement and arousal (shock). The two offer answers
that couldn't be more different, just as all hexagrams can offer their own unique angle to an issue.
If one has to weigh a decision, it is often useful to ask 2 questions, e.g. one asking what to think of "(doing)
option A", and one asking what to think of "not (doing) option A" (or of doing "option B" instead of A).
If your question is somewhat important, or something you will remember, it is probably a good idea to write it
down, and write down the answer as well as the date (and time) of casting. If you're somewhat serious about
learning to use the Yi Jing, this will prove immeasurably useful! Not only will you gradually familiarize yourself
with using the Yi Jing this way, by looking back at answers obtained you will deepen your understanding of
the hexagrams and their lines, and ultimately... your life's experience.

A good protocol for doing a casting will look like this:
- Phrase a question in your mind. If you're ready for it, then write it down. This will help focus on the essence
of what you wish to clarify. It's not necessary to be meticulous while asking your question. Just be focused
and clear about the essence of what you wish to understand more about.
- If you know how to do it, then bring your consciousness down to alpha-wave level.
Or put in other words: Sit in a comfortable place. Relax a minute or more. Now think about ("tune in" to) your
question while staying as relaxed and at ease as possible (detached, while yet "living" the question).
- While repeating the question in your mind, throw coins or sticks, or draw the stalks.
- Write down the answer.
To write down an answer, you can simply draw the lines, and/or write it down in short-hand, like this:
basic hexagram (+ strong lines) / inner hexagram > future hexagram / future inner hexagram
For example:
25.2.4 / 53 > 61 / 27
(See below, p. i-14, for an explanation of how these hexagram types are to be found and understood.)
- Find the main hexagram and more with the Hexagram Chart, on p. i-5.
- Read the related texts.
There are many texts to read. Read as much as you need. Once clarity (insight) has been received, there's
no need to overdo things.
- Keep your answer available for further study in a file that will be stored safely!

Casting a reading with coins
This is the best known way to consult the Yi Jing. If applied correctly, it is very reliable, up to the point of
physical exhaustion or lack of control (clumsy movement, messy desktop, no good surface, etc.). It works
like this:
Have three coins, preferably made of copper or other medium weight type of metal (although copper is
known to be a great medium and conductor for "energy", as one can see by observing its qualities in carrying
and conducting electricity; Gold and silver have similar properties).
The coins should be comfortable to hold in the hand. Not too light, nor too heavy. Once you found the right
coins, hold them some time in your hands while you concentrate on a question you'd like the Yi Jing to
answer.
See the protocol for asking a question described above, on p. i-11.
Throw the coins six times.
Make sure to throw peacefully, with control, making sure that nothing will obstruct the trajectory of the coins
before they will settle, and be stilled. Choose as smooth a surface as possible, giving space to the field
where the coins have to land.
If a coin goes out of control and "off the green", don't worry about it. See how it lands, even if it's on the floor,
and take that as an answer. It's part of the unpredictability (incalculableness) of the Yi Jing practice.
Give 3 points to every head that appears, and 2 points to every tail.
Note down the points for every throw. Draw a full (yang) line if the points add up to an uneven number, i.e. 7
or 9, and draw a broken (yin) line if the points add up to an even number, i.e. 6 or 8.
This way, you will obtain at every throw one of the following four lines:
tails + tails + tails =2+2+2 =6 = strong (changing) yin line = ___ x ___
tails + tails + head =2+2+3 =7 = stable (unchanging) yang line = _________
tails + head + head =2+3+3 =8 = strong (unchanging) yin line = ___ ___
head + head + head =3+3+3 =9 = strong (changing) yang = ____0____
Start the first line at the bottom, and add the following lines by stacking them up, the sixth line being the top
line of the hexagram.
A casting could look like this:
1st throw: 2 + 2 + 3 (= 7), 2nd throw: 2 + 2 + 2 (= 6), 3rd throw: 2 + 3 + 3 (= 8), 4th throw: 3 + 3 + 3 (= 9), 5th
throw 2 + 2 + 3 (= 7), 6th throw: 2 + 2 + 3 (= 7)
With this result, 4 hexagrams can be found that address ones question.
A description of how to interprete (understand) each hexagram type (basic, inner, future, future-inner) is
given further below, on p. i-16.

The Basic Hexagram
The casting above results in the following hexagram:
Hex. 25, the Innocence (the Spontaneous, the Unexpected and Surprising)
6th _________ 7
5th _________ 7
4th ____0____ o 9 (changing)
3rd ___ ___ 8
2nd ___ x ___ x 6 (changing)
1st _________ 7
You can look up the number of this hexagram with the Hexagram Chart on p. i-5.
Then, read the texts for the hexagram.
In the hexagram of this example casting, there are 2 "changing" lines. They are marked with a "o" and a "x".
For every "changing" line (all lines for which there is a total of 6 or 9 points), there will occur extra comments,
to be found under "Lines". It will give details and angles for the issue at hand.
The Future Hexagram
After the changing lines complete the transformation, a new hexagram results: the "future" hexagram.
Hex. 25.2.4 will transform into 61.2.4:
Hex. 61, the Inner Sincerity (the Inner Truth, Inner Reliability)
6th _________ 7
5th _________ 7
4th ___ x ___ x 6 (changing)
3rd ___ ___ 8
2nd ____0____ o 9 (changing)
1st _________ 7
The Inner Hexagrams
The "inner" hexagrams are found by stacking the upper inner trigram unto the lower inner trigram. The upper
inner trigram consists of lines 3, 4, 5 of the basic hexagram, while the lower inner trigram consists of lines 2,
3, 4.
For hex. 25, the Innocence (the Spontaneous, the Unexpected and Surprising), the upper inner trigram is the
wood, the lower inner trigram is the mountain. The resulting inner hexagram therefore is built by stacking the
wood trigram unto the mountain trigram.
The resulting hexagram is hex. 53, the Gradual Development (Gradual Progress, Progressing into a Whole):
Basic inner hexagram:

Hex. 53, the Gradual Development (Gradual Progress, Progressing into a Whole)
6th _________ 7
5th _________ 7
3rd _________ 8
2nd ___ x ___ o 9 (changing)
1st ___ ___ 7

For future hex. 61, the Inner Sincerity (the Inner Truth, Inner Reliability), the upper inner trigram is the
mountain, the lower inner trigram is the thunder. The resulting inner hexagram therefore is built by stacking
the mountain trigram unto the thunder trigram. This results in hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the
Nourishment, the Jaws):
Future inner hexagram:

Hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws)
6th _________ 7
5th ___ ___ 7
3rd ___ ___ 8
2nd ___ x ___ x 6 (changing)
1st _________ 7
In shorthand, the full sequence for this casting will be marked down as follows:
basic hexagram (+ strong lines) / inner hexagram > future hexagram / future inner hexagram
25.2.4 / 53 > 61 / 27
Casting a reading with the Yi Jing sticks
The so called "I Ching Stick" are not to be confused with the sticks of the Yarrow Stalks method of casting.
As mentioned in the introduction, during the early 1990s I acquired the amazingly simple to use and effective
"I Ching sticks", which consist of 6 elegant sticks that allow one to do a casting with only 1 throw, instead of 6
throws when using coins. The results are as good and even better (in my opinion) than when using coins.
Each stick has four sides, with the four possible lines of a hexagram.
To ask a question, follow the protocol for asking a question described above.
Shake the stick between your hands, roll them between your fingers, and throw the 6 sticks unto a table or
other flat surface in one movement, ending with your hand flat on the table or surface with the sticks below
the fingers.
Once the sticks are stilled, remove your hands carefully such as not to accidentally change a stick's position
- watch out when sweating!
If necessary, adjust the sticks in the manner described in the manual, this way: for all lines that are strong /
changing, look at what line is facing you when looking at it from the front side (perpendicular to the desktop).
If it's an active changing line, then the line facing up is indeed strong / changing. If it's not an active changing
line, then the line facing up is not a real strong / changing line. Rotate it so that it becomes stable.
Leave the other lines as they are
Look up the hexagram, and read your answer.
The so called "I Ching Stick" are designed and produced by Blozo Products, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
and distributed in the United States by Music Design.

Casting a reading with the Yarrow Stalks
The so called "Yarrow Stalks" method of casting can be good for those who wish to cast doing a session of
"deep immersion", as it takes a while to complete.
Since it's a method for advanced users, I refer them to other Yi Jing / I Ching works which describe it.
Casting a reading with a computer
There are a number of computer applications that can do a Yi Jing casting.
While on the surface, the results may seem as pertinent as using any other method, I personally recommend
doing a casting in a way where you use your own hands, or let it be done by a competent diviner (who is able
to go into an "intuitive", or psychich state). This is because ones personal energy and "vibration" plays a
major role in the casting. In contrast, computers depend on randomization algorithms, which are not
necessarily a reflection of how the Universe actually works, nor as holistic as when you move coins, shells,
or sticks, while electric circuits can have their quirks, which can be good or bad, and even be used to
advantage, or result in errors.
Type of hexagrams
The hexagrams to be considered for ones answer are:
basic hexagram (+strong lines) / inner hexagram > future hexagram / future inner hexagram
For example:
25.2.4 / 53 > 61 / 27
If there's a strong / changing line in the basic hexagram, the other hexagram's comments for the line in that
position will also apply for the issue at hand.
* Basic hexagram
Describes the occuring theme(s). It holds the primary answer(s) to ones inquiry.
If there are strong, i.e. "changing" lines, then there will be a future hexagram, and all 4 hexagrams described
in this chapter will apply.
If there are no "changing" lines, then the hexagram obtained is "unchanging", and only the basic and inner
hexagrams will apply for the answer to ones question.
* Inner hexagram
Describes the occuring context, not necessarily the result of the matter at hand. It may give an image of the
past.
It consists of the upper inner trigram of the basic hexagram, combined with its lower inner trigram.
* Future hexagram
Gives a possible (immediate) impact (or consequence) for the matter at hand. It may indicate about future
consequences, but may also merely focus on how to deal with future developnments (i.e. not necessarily

showing future result(s) in a significant way).
It consists of the basic hexagram, with its active (changing) yang line changed into active yin, and/or active
(changing) yin changed into yang.
* Future inner hexagram
Describes the context of the (immediate) impact (or consequence) for the matter at hand, not necessarily
the result of the matter at hand. It may give an image of the conditions (occurrences) leading to what will
occur as a consequence (and/or in the future).
It consists of the upper inner trigram of the future hexagram, combined with its lower inner trigram.
Read the section on casting with coins on p. i-13, for a detailed explanation and an example of how to find
each type of hexagram.
For those who are merely starting using the Yi Jing, it may be overwhelming to study all 4 hexagrams for a
reading. It's quite alright to limit oneself to reading just the basic hexagram and future hexagrams, and
meditate on those. Use the inner hexagrams to deepen the analysis for matters that demand more
clarification (understanding). Remember that the inner hexagrams show indications about the context of a
reading, not (necessarily) future results.
General remarks about the text
The minimalism of the original and numerous other versions of the Yi Jing has as a consequence that it
leaves ample room for interpreting in an open and unrestricted way, which can give fortunate or less
fortunate results, depending on who does the interpretation, and his or her experience.
However, it also leaves ample room for pitfalls and errors. That's why I chose to use phrasing that tries to
cover as much possibilities as feasible, while still giving a text that can be read and understood without (too)
much difficulty. More on this in the following paragraphs.
A major objective for creating this text has been to "fill in the blanks".
The original text material of the Yi Jing (I Ching) is not very vast. From bones to texts, it holds on merely a
small number of large sheets.
Its pertinence is all the more amazing. Yet it would be too much to ask for it to contain all that can be said.
By carefully studying and weighing thousands of questions and their answers, delving in various lesser
known translations, and by following my own intuitive (sometimes psychic) receptiveness and related
archetypal imagery, and by finding and/or confirming my insights through consulting the Yi Jing directly, I was
able to connect many "dots", and come up with additions I hope will be useful, and in the spirit of the Yi Jing.
Still, adapting texts was always done while trying to stay as close as possible to the original (so called)
"received text", and their most pertinent translations, as these represent immeasurable accumulated
experience.
One issue that has never been addressed in publications, but has been found addressed by some sharp
users of the Yi Jing on the internet, is that of "political correctness". The original texts of the Yi Jing are
attributed to the Chinese "founding father" Fu Xi, the Emperor Fa Wen, the Zhou lineage, and the
philosopher Confucius. It would seem only logical to understand that their positions and political importance
"colored" certain texts, and that input from others was involved that had to be adapted. Some Yi Jing lines
therefore contain a certain degree of potentially inappropriate "political correctness". This clearly seems to be
the case for lines such as 54.5 and 39.2. The known texts for these lines therefore leave most Yi Jing users
puzzled and confused. In fact, the way they were phrased was in the one case meant not to insult the

daughter of the Emperor (for 54.5), and in the other case not to encourage subordination (39.2). However,
these considerations have last their time.
On another note, some texts contain subtle hints that can (though not necessarily in each case) refer to the
male sex, such as referring to the "tail", or the "big toe", in other words: sexuality, which has essentially been
left intact or emphasized.
Additionally, many new insights have led to comments that should open new paths to explore.
Comments added by this author have been indicated by "JLK", while the texts in bold are also printed with a
different color, so that one can easily find where the gathered texts end, and new comments begin.
Note that this text does not include the so called "Ten Wings" commentaries, with a.o. the "Ta Chuang", "the
Great Treatise", although it does include a few quotes from it. It should be read by all those who study the Yi
Jing in any serious fashion. To find the complete text, see the translation by R. Wilhelm and C.F. Baynes,
"The I Ching - or book of changes", or find it in other languages such as those mentioned in appendix V, p.
957.
Time
An important issue with Yi Jing answers is that of time. One of the basic problems of translating the original
Chinese texts into English is that the ideograms and the images that they evoke are generally not expressing
how they appear in time.
Therefore, an answer can refer to what has already happened in the past, or to what will happen in the
future, to what might happen, or to what should happen. Tricky, that...
Needless to say, this has certainly led to many mistaken interpretations of Yi Jing answers.
Therefore, in order to allow reading the texts in various time-settings, I made it a point to use a form that
allows one to transpose an answer along those angles.
This means that a text like this:
"Acting in accordance with the will of Heaven".
becomes:
"One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) acting in accordance with the will of Heaven
(the ruling principle, wisdom)".
It's certainly not an ideal solution, but it allows one to read the answer in a way that can immediately be set in
a specific time-frame or time-related context (or possibility).
It may take a bit of getting used to reading around or within the many brackets that were used to achieve
versatility. By reading only the text outside the brackets, you get the most simple ("primary", "core") version
of an answer's message.
Note specific to the example used above: when a text mentions that one "should be" (acting), this means that
it concerns an advice (recommendation). When a text (explicitly) does not include that one "should be"
(acting), this means that it concerns strictly a prediction and/or analysis.

The Names
Every hexagram has been given a primary name, and two additional secondary names. Thus, the main
name consists of three names with distinct meanings. I found merely using one of these as a hexagram's
name consistently unsatisfactory. The ancient Yi Jing masters used pictograms for the names, and as the
saying goes: an image clarifies as much in one glance as what would otherwise take a thousand words. So
selecting three names is not so bad after all!
For some hexagrams their primary name can immediately indicate a meaning, but in other cases not quite as
obviously. I chose to use the original "element" (state of change) names for all hexagrams that double the
basic main trigrams, i.e. light, earth, water, fire, wood, ocean, thunder, and mountain, even if their intitial
meaning may often not be clear. This is to respect using the text for 5-elements analysis and other kinds of
analysis of the basic Yi Jing elements.
The texts of the Image and Judgment give a selection of various additional meanings that can be associated
with a hexagram, and that have archetypal significance to issues and/or situations occurring for that
hexagram. A number of them have been devised by me, based on extrapolation and/or findings (and
deduction). Compare with the traditional translations to find what is essentially different.
A useful way to read an answer, is to turn the name of a hexagram into a counter-question.
For example:
Hex. 48, the Well (the Source, the Association)
Offers an answer with the counter-questions: Is there a Well (a Source, Association)? Can it be expected?
If yes: is it (or will it be) good (and accessible)? If bad: can it be avoided?
Hex. 42, the Increase (Gain, Overflowing)
Offers an answer with the counter-questions: Is there Increase (Gain, Overflowing)? Can it be expected?
If yes: is it (or will it be) good (in its overflowing quality)? If bad: can it be avoided?
Furthermore, for every hexagram one can find the Chinese name, written in two common renditions in
English.
The first Chinese name is given in the Pin-Yin latinization form, used today in China, and as found in Wu
Jing-Nuan's translation of the "Site of Yin" text (see appendix V, p. 957).
The name between brackets are the Chinese names in the Wade-Giles system, as found in the Wilhelm /
Baynes translation (see appendix V, p. 957).
Theme description
After the name and picture of each hexagram, a short description is given of its essential meaning. It is the
result of a synthesis of gathered sources and personal insights.

The "Image"
The essence of a hexagram is displayed in its "Image", which is given by the main two (lower and upper)
trigrams that make up a hexagram.
The Image gives (shows) the meaning of a hexagram.
It (also) shows the conditions ("constellation", "constitution", or "basis") of what occurs, and discusses the
central decision related to it.
The text starts with a selection of names that can be attributed to a hexagram, followed by a brief description
of the main trigrams and their influences, followed by a description of how "the superior one" and "the Great
Man" (see below) would or should deal with the matter at hand. The latter two offer the most explicit advice
on how to proceed.
In traditional Yi Jing texts, there's not a real distinction between "the superior one" and "the Great Man".
Either one or the other designation is used. However I found it useful to make it, attributing aspiration and
desire to attain and/or do what is right to "the superior one", while "the Great Man" shows the ways of the
one who is accomplished (see more below). Wherever necessary, new comments have been added to make
this distinction, and to fill in the blanks.
In classic versions of the Yi Jing, the text of the Image is given only after that of the Judgment. I chose to first
present the Image, and then follow with the Judgment. By first contemplating and understanding the Image,
one gets the main understanding of an answer first-hand.
Comments to the image give further detail about how the image of the trigrams manifests for the matter at
hand.
There's always a mention of what the inner hexagram of a hexagram is, and how it relates to it, in the 2nd
paragraph of the first comments to the Image. So when in doubt, one may consult that paragraph (or the
"Inner Hexagram Chart" on p. i-5).
The "Judgment"
This text offers indications about the quality (nature, or impact) of what occurs, and advice on how to
proceed. It deals with the occurring changes related to what is the center of a matter.
Like the text of the Image, this core-text also starts with a selection of names that can be attributed to a
hexagram, however in a slightly different form, so that they can be transposed to the matter at hand from a
slightly different angle (i.e. from an angle of changing conditions and circumstances). This is followed by an
instruction on how to deal with the central theme of the hexagram, as pertaining to the changes that occur (or
should be occurring).
New comments have been added that may be relevant to a matter in either an obvious, or subtle way.
For those who are experienced in using the Yi Jing, the texts given in bold of "the Image" and "the Judgment"
will tend to be enough to decide on the matter at hand. The same will be the case for the text given in bold
for the individual lines. The extra comments serve to clarify various angles that can be considered as a
consequence of their content.
There are many texts to read. Read as much as you need. Once clarity (insight) has been received, there's
no need to overdo things.

The "superior one"
He represents the one who attains to be like "the Great Man" (see below), like the accomplished man. He will
always prefer to choose what is right over wrong, and will never stop learning, understanding, and refining
his way(s) to that effect.
The texts referring to the "superior one" offer the most primary advice on how to proceed.
It also offers the most "politically correct" term in this Yi Jing text. A woman may recognize her most superior
qualities in it.
In order to make the text not needlessly complicated, the superior one is referred to as a "he", although one
can, where appropriate, replace this by "she".
Occasionally, I chose to introduce a comment about the "inferior one", to give additional insight about the
way of the "superior one" through its contrary.
The "Great Man"
He represents the accomplished man. He is strong, creative, loving, and will always act in accordance with
Heaven's law, and/or the "ruling principle".
In many inquiries, he can come to represent "the Creator", "God", the "Great Spirit", the "mega-
consciousness" - who, incidentally, seems to be both male and female according to Yi Jing readings by this
author, which makes sense..., and which is also the essence of what the Yi Jing teaches, as further clarified
in the Ta Chuang, the "Great Treatise".
The texts mentioning the "Great Man" offer advice on the most appropriate way to handle the situation at
hand, and/or to learn from his ways. They do not necessarily reflect what the matter at hand is showing, but
rather what should be (and therefore will be) occurring (and/or done), viewed from the perspective of what is
in accordance with Heaven's law, and/or the "ruling principle".
As is the case for the term "superior one", a woman may recognize her most accomplished qualities in it.

The Lines
These texts give specific indications for a matter. When a casting shows "changing" lines, one should read
the texts of the specified line(s).
While occasionally, classic versions allude to certain lines being associated with a certain part of the body,
it's not always referred to in a systematic way. Therefore I introduced a section for each line where an
association is made for respectively (line) 1: feet, 2: calves, 3: hips/back-bone, 4: heart, 5: mouth, 6: head.
These have parallels and equivalence in society, in technical, spiritual, and/or in biological sense, which are
also briefly indicated. Further associations for the lines are:
1: the feet, the beginning, when young, early, those who are young, on the floor,
the way of moving (advancing) and/or doing things, the youngest son
2: the calves, ones impulses, what is impulsive,

the temporary (intermediate, regional, local) ruler (chief, authorities, and/or ruling consensus),
managing things regionally (locally), intermediately, and/or temporarily,
the wife, a young woman in the family, a young wife, a young daughter, the younger sister
3: the hips, the back-bone, what is used to give strength to ones movement, the power of movement,
ones virtues, ones moral views (and/or understanding),
sex, ones sexual practice (virtues, morals, righteousness, strength, vigor),
ones ego (morals, self-interest, and procreation), the power to change things,
the impact and/or cost (price) of transformation, change, transition, and/or movement,
technical know-how, the younger brother
4: the heart, the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones living space,
ones emotions, negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant,
the one who is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or reliability), ones self-identity (as felt in the heart,
different than the "ego" of line 3, which rather represents morals, self-interest, and procreation),
a young and trusted woman in the family, a young and trusted wife, a young and trusted daughter
5: the mouth, the throat, ones words (expressions), orders,

the enduring King (the ruler, the authorities, the CEO, and/or the ruling consensus),
the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus),
the way of consuming nourishment,
the husband, an old woman in the family, a mature man, a mature son, the older brother
6: the head, the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law, the patriarch, the father
Furthermore, lines 1, 3, and 5 are considered to be "yang" positions, i.e. "strong", showing one as being in a
strong (creative, superior) position (that may require moderation, rest, or adaptation), while lines 2, 4, and 6
are considered to be "yin" positions, i.e. "weak", showing one as being in a weak (receptive, inferior) position
(that may require improvement, gathering strength, or may show inappropriateness).
A "yang" (solid) line that is in a "yang" position (line 1, 3, and/or 5) is considered to be in the right place (if
one is acting in accordance with what is "yang"), and when in a "yin" position (line 2, 4, and/or 6) it is
considered "not" to be in the right place. Vice versa, a "yin" (broken) line that is in a "yin" position (line 2, 4,
and/or 6) is considered to be in the right place (if one is acting in accordance with what is "yin"), and when in
a "yang" position (line 1, 3, and/or 5) it is considered "not" to be in the right place.
The way to interpret the above line image meanings is to understand that when the text of a line is indicating
that something is occurring "at" (in, for, with) "the feet", as for line 1, this must often be understood in a
metaphorical way, and/or for one of the alternative associated meanings (such as for "the way of
advancing"). But it can also typically mean that quite literally, something is occurring at, or even below the
feet, that requires attention - there might be an impact at (or below) the feet that influences or concerns the
matter at hand.
For every line, a selection of the main meanings of a hexagram is given. This may seem excessively
repetitive, but it should help to quickly get to the essence of things without having to browse pages back and

forth.
In many cases, line comments have been expanded on, and/or "repaired", as far as misunderstanding or
missing indications would have deviated from their essential meaning.
In the paragraph about the names of hexagrams, it has already been suggested how a useful way to read an
answer is to turn the name of a hexagram into a counter-question. The same can be done for a given image
and/or advice of a line.
For example when a line advises "kindness", one may ask the counter-questions: Is there kindness? Can it
be expected? Is it (or will it be) of the right kind? If there's lack of kindness (if things are bad), can it (they) be
avoided? This could occur for line 5 of hex. 14, the Managing of Great Possessions (Great Opulence, Great
Possessing), which shows a yin line in a yang position, which means there is a risk of yin (what is receptive,
weak, wrong, inferior, dark, and/or passive) being too powerful, and/or of there being a lack of "yang" (what is
creative, strong, right, superior, loving, and/or active).
Line 6 of hex. 1, the Light (the Creative, the Active), shows an "arrogant dragon". This may offer the counter-
questions: Is there arrogance? Can it be expected? Is it (or will it be) of the right kind? If bad: can it be
avoided? Since it shows a yang line in a yin position, this means there is (or will be) a need to hold-back, to
appease things, and to turn the yang energy into one that integrates more receptiveness, and/or
passiveness.
Extra indications can be obtained that are oftentimes critical to an issue, by studying the line text and
comments given for the hexagram corresponding to the basic (upper or lower) trigram in which it is found.
For the above two examples, one would therefore consult for line 5 of hex. 14, the 5th line of the hex. 30, the
Fire, corresponding with the upper trigram of hex. 14; For line 6 of hex. 1, one would refer to itself, since its
upper trigram is the light. However, one can look at future hex. 43, where we find as upper trigram the ocean.
Therefore, one can then also consult line 6 of hex. 58, the Ocean. For hex. 14, line 5, the corresponding
future hexagram association would be hex. 1, line 5, referring to itself, hex. 1.
Profile, most / least auspicious, special note, special indication
These are paragraphs directly quoted from "The Astrology of I Ching", by W.K. Chu / W. Sherill, sometimes
slightly adjusted for the occurring context.
"Profile" - This describes the character of someone with the hexagram and/or line that applies for his/her
Chines Astrology birth-chart. It can generally be applied for the one (or for that which is occurring) at the
center of a matter at hand.
"General comment" - This paragraph offers an extra comment, besides the other gathered sources.
"Most / least auspicious" - These are paragraphs originally meant to apply for the life of a person who has a
certain line for his / her birth-chart. It can generally give valuable insight in how things will evolve for a matter
at hand.
"Special note" addresses a central theme attached to a changing line. Often it addresses a personal angle.
"Special indications for daily actions" gives advice for the short-term, attached to a changing line.
"Wildcard" comments
Occasionally, a "wildcard" comment has been introduced. These stem from earlier versions and from the Yi
Jing astrology and consultation practice I did for a few years.
They are presented as: "the Riddle", and "Specific comment".

About male vs female
The Yi Jing has no qualms about being "politically incorrect". It is divine and offers a glance of divinity, the
spirit of the Universe; It is what it is.
By nature, Yin and Yang can't ever be "politically correct", one towards the other. Dark is not light, and light is
not dark, even if certain shades of both could be confused as such, and even if each can only be
distinguished with (the perspective of) some amount of light.
Presently, occult forces in the world have managed to get many people totally confused on this subject. This
has mainly to do with political agendas, rarely with genuine human-friendly and/or nature-friendly concerns.
This issue is however beyond the scope of this introduction.
The point to be made here is that in order to be "politically correct" it could be tempting to remove certain
distinctions from the Yi Jing text, such as references to a male "superior one", and the "Great Man". There
are a number of Yi Jing versions that attempt to twist its text so that it becomes one taken from a "feminine"
perspective, so the issue deserves a consideration.
I asked that question to the Yi Jing, and the answer was clear (not all aspects are outlined here, only what
was understood as crucial to taking a decision):
Question: What is the result for what is good (right, loving), the rightness, accuracy, and effectiveness of this
Yi Jing tekst, to change all references to "the Great Man", by (the more "inclusive") "the Great One"?
Answer: 22.2.4.6 / 40 > 34 / 43
hex. 22, Considering Grace (the Beauty, the Appearance)

/ hex. 40, the Liberation (the Freedom, to Loosen)
> hex. 34, the Great Use of Strength (Great Strength, Solidifying)
/ hex. 43, the Resoluteness (the Angry Outburst, the Settling of a Decision)
BC hex. 22: It's meant to be esthetic (ornamental), and that could be fertile. (Im) But it will lead to something
being overlooked, anyway; There is (or will be) betrayal. (Ju) There is a need for giving care to how things
look. There might be a (technical) failure that negatively influences ones appearance. (li 2) It will be good to
honor what is accomplished (having many qualities, being old, and venerable, as with "grey hairs"), and ...
male. (li 4) Use ornament that is simple, yet gracious. (li 6)
IC hex. 40: One must kill the "three foxes" (cunning), and fight greed, ignorance, and fear. (note: this can be
made to work either way, but as a primary response to the question, the advice is to kill "the three foxes",
a.o. deception (leading to ignorance) - as a result of lack of clarity - and being self-serving) (li 2)
FC hex. 34: It will only be good to chastise. But here it's not good to chastise others (i.e. the world), beyond
ones own circle. - Thus, it's better to make the nuance in understanding internally, not in the text directly.
(li 6)
FIC hex. 43: Will it bring a "breakthrough" of the right kind, or will it merely lead to an "angry outburst"?
And/or alt: This will show an "angry outburst". One has to inform truthfully, according to what is supreme and
right, and this must be done according to such such high (good, truthful) standards of quality and rightness
that it can be presented (experienced) at the highest level of society (or of ones hierarchy) as well as to
"ones own town". (Ju) One (what occurs) is (or will be) as one "whose skin has been stripped from ones

buttocks", (hips, or thighs) and who walks "slowly, and with difficulty". One is (or will be) not believing the
words (of the Yi Jing, or those of others). The herd is not always right, although it's good to reckon with the
direction it's heading in. (li 4) In the end, something will go wrong. One risks being "cast out", or "cut-off" from
what is light (superior, strong, active, creative, right, loving). One is at risk of missing an opportunity to stay
with, or move towards what is genuinely right and loving. There will be misfortune! This can be remedied by
communicating with others (and/or consulting the Yi Jing), in time. (li 6)
So that settled the matter, and I've rigorously stuck to using this term in its original way.
No text is better suited to understand the distinctions between male and female than the Yi Jing. See
hexagrams 1 and 2. There is an abundance of examples of their manifestations in this Universe.
Still, there are many shades and nuances concerning these that can play out in working with the text of the Yi
Jing. A weak young man (or an inferior and evil man) can typically be "small", "weak", "inferior", "receptive",
"unclear", and/or "evil", which are all attributes given to yin, i.e. the earth ("darkness").
Vice versa, a strong mature woman (and/or a spiritually superior and righteous woman) can typically be
"great", "strong", "superior", "creative", "clear", and "righteous", which are all attributes given to yang, i.e. the
light ("Heaven").
So in the text, the "female (or maiden) is not necessarily a female for the matter at hand, and the "male" (or
superior one), is not necessarily a male. Antagonists in a matter will be designed so by their relative (social,
and/or contextual) position.
Note that technically speaking, if one would prefer to use exact antonyms in the text, one would have to use
"earth" vs "Heaven", and "darkness" vs "light". But that has shown to lack efficacy in communicating certain
aspects pertinently. That's why this Yi Jing text uses the antagonist combination of earth and light, as primary
alternatives for "yin" and "yang", and its Yi Jing hexagram equivalents Kun and Qian.
It may be disturbing to some that the earth, being associated with the woman, is also associated with "evil".
The reason for this is that it's also associated with what is weak (yielding, receptive, passive, open). It's
important to understand the archetypal reality of the earth (and its attributes) as an "element" and a
characterization, not as a "judgment".
When someone who is weak can't obtain what is desired, she will tend to turn to evil ways, unless stopped.
But it's all a matter of degree and perspective. A woman who is "strong", will not (necessarily) have to turn to
evil ways. Thus, not all women are "evil". And not all "evil" is of the worst kind. While a man who is weak may
never have known any righteous ways. These are all different shades of the basic yin and yang elements.
Technically speaking, "evil" can not be fully yin, as it requires activity (creativity) and enforcement, which are
yang, whereas yin will be fully passive and receptive. There is a difference between someone being "bad" (in
a passive way) and "evil" (in an active way). A weak human being may let things turn "bad" due to her
weakness, passiveness, and lack of love (of others, and/or of oneself). However, things can become "evil"
because she still has some "yang", i.e. strength, energy, and thus creative (active) strength, yet it is (actively,
deliberately) used in inferior (weak, bad) ways. This is the active principle that can turn those who are weak,
yet still containing some amount of "light" (creative strength), into "evil", when they let themselves be guided
by what is small (inferior, weak, bad).
Conversely, and as a consequence, if there is love in those who are small (weak, inferior) and female, as one
would amply attribute to most mothers who love their children (and/or those of others), it is precisely because
of the same reason, namely because of there being light, and thus creative energy (strength) in them (her).
No human being is entirely "yang" or "yin". For the latter to be the case, one would have to be dead and cold.
For the first, all that matters is that one is advancing (being active, creative), but there is also a time to rest.
By moving in superior ways, there will be more and more "yang", i.e. what is active, strong and loving. If
moving in inferior ways, the energy will eventually turn fully "yin", i.e. into what is passive, weak and bad.
In the Ta Chuang it is stated that yin and yang should not be understood as a dualism: "They are united by a
relation based on homogeneity. They do not combat, but complement each other." They are the "motor" of
the Universe. Their interaction causes things to move, come into existence, flourish, or die down.

It should also be noted that the original meanings of "yin" and "yang" have no direct connotations with
"female" and "male". Originally, "yin" represented "the cloudy", "the overcast", while "yang" represented
"banners waving in the sun", where the fact that light is shining on these banners is the primary essence.
One could sum these concepts up as: "little to no light" (dark) / "bathing in light" (not dark). In the original Yi
Jing text, the terms yin and yang do not appear. They first appear in the Ta Chuang, the Great Treatise,
which appeared later. From this time they acquired the meanings as used in the present text.
About "yes" and "no"
There is a traditional method to determine if an answer gives "yes" or "no" to a question, but what is known
about it has not been found to be reliable to a satisfactory extent by this author.
It's better to refrain asking about an absolute "yes" or "no".
In the spirit of the lessons the Yi Jing tends to give, more positive (advantageous) results will be obtained to
understand what path will bring the most harmony and "wellness".
It might be that one is able to obtain a certain result, so a "yes" to a certain question about such might look
favorable, however it might be that success may lead to misfortune in other areas. A "yes" is not necessarily
positive, and a "no" is not necessarily negative.
Typically, a Yi Jing answer will point one to what will bring fortune, and what not. This doesn't always
correspond to our own ideas of what should bring fortune, and what not.
To illustrate this, here's a short story, as found at

https://www.onlineclarity.co.uk/friends/showthread.php?8682-Positive-and-Negative-Hexagrams/page2
The Daoist Farmer
(Adapted from the Huainanzi, circa 139 BCE)
A farmer named Sei Weng owned a beautiful mare which was praised far and wide.
One day this wonderful horse disappeared. The people of his village offered sympathy to Sei Weng for his
great misfortune. Sei Weng said simply: "What makes you think this is bad?"
A few days later the lost mare returned, followed by a whole herd of wild horses, led by a beautiful wild
stallion. The village congratulated Sei Weng for his great good fortune. He said: "What makes you think this
is good?"
Some time later, Sei Weng's only son, while riding the stallion, fell off and broke his leg. The village people
once again expressed their sympathy at Sei Weng's misfortune. Sei Weng again said: "What makes you
think this is bad?"
Soon after, a war broke out and all the young men of the village except Sei Weng's lame son were drafted
and sent into a horrible battle. The village people were amazed at Sei Weng's good luck. But Sei Weng only
replied: "What makes you think this is good?"
Still, sometimes a decision has to be made. So if one has to weigh a decision, anticipate an outcome, or
decide on the truth of something, it is often useful to ask two questions (or more, depending on the
complexities). One question could be asking what to think of "(doing, anticipating, or considering as true)
option A", and the other one could be asking what to think of "not (doing, anticipating, or considering as true)
option A" (or of doing, anticipating, or considering as true "option B" instead of A). Then compare the
answers, while being vigilant not to give in to wishful thinking or ingrained beliefs.
One can also compare different time-spans that will be relevant for the matter at hand.

Archetypes, metaphors, and the meaning of images
To understand the deeper meaning of a hexagram, one has to let the images it offers "speak" as archetypes
and metaphors, unless they are actually explicitly being manifested as such in ones reality and/or experience
(the "real world") - which still leaves ample opportunity for metaphoric correspondences and resonance
occurring in other ways for the matter at hand.
The wood trigram does not merely symbolize wood, or wind (its primary associated meanings). It represents
all that shows its nature and workings. In the present text, standard associated meanings for the wood are:
the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners,
the experience. An overview of all trigram meanings (a concise selection) can be found on p. i-6, while a
more extensive one can be found in appendix I, p. 952.
If a text mentions "a carriage", this doesn't necessarily represent a car or a truck, but can represent an entire
context with characteristics similar to that of a "carriage", meaning that it moves one forward to a new
"place", it be physically, spiritually, concept wise, or socially.
Similarly, when a hexagram offers a certain meaning, this must not necessarily be understood in the "first
degree".
A good example of the importance to understand images and how these manifest in archetypal ways is hex.
54, The Marriage (the Marrying Maiden, the Long-Term Association).
In most Yi Jing texts the primary name for this hexagram is "the Marrying Maiden". However, most frequently
it doesn't address the occurrence of a maiden, much less one who is marrying. On the other hand it will
address the fact that for the matter at hand, the central concern is that of a long-term association (with/of a
person/something with another person/something, entity, concept, or idea), and the right or wrong conditions
for it. Just as when one were considering marrying (or when already married), and would have to determine if
it's right or not, and under what conditions it should occur, or not occur.
Therefore, one should always open up to the deeper meanings of images that the text offers, and not
necessarily stop at its basic images. Let images and themes "resonate". Observe how the images manifest
in endless amounts of ways, shapes, and dimensions. Getting in touch with ones intuition, meditating on an
answer, trigram, or hexagram, will help this process.
There's not only one right way, there are many right ways to understand things. However, the Yi Jing will
always offer a clear direction for attaining wholeness and what is right (in accordance with "Heaven's law",
the "ruling principle").
How accurate are the answers of the Yi Jing?
As I've taken to be accustomed of saying: The Yi Jing is always right! One just has to understand what it's
answers are trying to tell us...
With the deepening of my understanding of the Yi Jing over the years (consulting it for over 45 years), I can
with confidence say that yes indeed, the answers of the Yi Jing are always stunningly accurate. Yet they are
not always focusing on the same things the diviner is focusing on, nor is it necessarily looking at the same
time-span being taken into consideration (so a given answer may only become clear at a time that is much
later than anticipated). This can be confusing. But if one lets the Yi Jing point the way, things will by and by
become clear.
Obviously, the kind of answers given by the Yi Jing have their limits. For example if one were to ask: "how
and/or where to find a new love?", the Yi Jing will surely fail to suggest to call Jack, and throw up a party with
friends at the bar next-door, next Thursday evening at 20:00, where the new love will be found.
But it may give an answer like hex. 13, Consideration of Ones Companions (the Friendship, the Company),
with line 5, which suggests to treat ones friends well, and "shake hands". This will lead to new possibilities to
success.

Or on the other hand, it may give a contrary advice, such as hex. 24, the Return (Reversing, the Temporary
Closing of the Roads), with line 6, which advises to "close the roads", i.e. not to go out. Friends and lovers
will "return" (come) in due time, by themselves, and/or the appropriate time to "go out" will come naturally. It
also mentions that one might be all "astray" on the meaning of this advice, which could be understandable as
it may be the last thing one might bear to hear; Thus, one will have difficulty understanding and accepting the
answer.
As mentioned in the introduction, the most difficult thing is to combat "wishful thinking", but also reading ones
beliefs into an answer (being pre-judgmental, and/or biased) as it can seriously compromise ones
understandings of an answer. Generally it is a result of lack of rigor when reading an answer. Take an answer
first in the most literal way, then contemplate its multiple dimensions and nuances, and be sure to
understand to whom or what the answer applies, and how.
Be honest with yourself and towards the others, be diligent, and study basic, inner, future, and future-inner
hexagrams for receiving a complete picture of the matter being asked about.
One can also study the inverse of hexagrams, and use various other approaches to deepen ones
understanding. These have not been further developed in this text. Refer to the works mentioned in the
sources list, or other works, to explore more of these.
As a rule, one must avoid asking exactly the same question twice, unless something critical has changed. In
my experience, the first answer that is received to a question is always the most reliable and essential one.
So make sure to write it down if it's important!
Instead of compulsively asking exactly the same question again, try finding a (slightly) different angle, that
allows gaining new insight instead of dwelling on your original view(s) and/or objective(s).
Obviously, circumstances can change from one moment to another, therefore it's possible that where one
receives a negative answer concerning an issue at one time, it may be favorable at another time (after
circumstances have evolved to a significant degree, even if only due to reaching new insights concerning a
matter), and vice versa, where one initially received a positive answer, at a later time a negative one can be
received.
There are many example cases to be studied, as found in books and now also abundantly on the internet,
including on my website at https://noisylife.pagesperso-orange.fr/yi-spirit/index.htm . By studying these, one
will greatly enhance ones use of the Yi Jing and the present text.
Yi Jing as a manifestation of synchronicity
The term "synchronicity" was introduced by C.G. Jung, a great Yi Jing adept. He explored the concept in
particular to explain why the Yi Jing could work.
It offers the idea that certain events occur together (not necessarily at precisely the same time) without there
being any apparent (visible, knowable) shared cause, yet they hold such significant meaning that they can
not be discarded as an important indicator of an experience one is living (an event, an idea, certain
circumstances and/or conditions). They can be called "meaningful coincidences". If there is no "meaningful
coincidence", they would be called synchronisms. Synchronous events that are "meaningful" are therefore
distinguished by calling them "synchronicities".
Since the time the term was used some 100 years ago, physicians at the highest level have developed
theoretical science, and have done empirical research to support the idea of such "synchronicity".
The shaman looks at signs given through nature, to find answers. They have their meaning(s) because they
hold indications ("signs") about what is synchronous with what is occurring on a vast scale. The Yi Jing
practitioner looks at the hexagrams, trigrams, and associated images to find answers.
Yi Jing casting is a highly evolved technical divinatory way to observe the same kind of synchronicities as
related to past, present and/or future events, on demand. It allows one to receive indications about them to

"navigate" by (to define, understand, and/or set ones course).
The principle of synchronicity is also what makes other divination practices work, such as stichomancy, Tarot,
shells, bones, tea-leaves, etc... Still, the Yi Jing offers a uniquely balanced, neutral, and coherent method of
divination, in particular due to its implicit neutrality and mathematical coherence (as expressed through the
binary code of the yin/yang lines).
An example for how to use the Yi Jing for divination
A fortunate example of a reading regarding how to use the Yi Jing. It is fortunate, because it offers good
advice for those who begin using the Yi Jing, and shows the way forward clearly.
It was found at https://www.onlineclarity.co.uk/friends/index.php?threads/yi-as-magic-tortoise.3866/
Q: What do I need to know about using the Yi in the assumption that that it will give me access to knowledge
ordinarily unavailable to me? (2007, february - dobro, clarityonline forum)
03.1.6 / 23 > 20 / 23
hex. 3, the Difficulties at the Beginning (the Time to Grow, the Growing Pains)
/ hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling Away)
> hex. 20, the Contemplation (the Guarding, the Vigilance)
/ hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling Away)
BC hex. 03: It can help overcome difficulties, especially at the beginning of things. Use it before engaging in
a certain line of action, or deciding on something that is new. (Im + Ju) Take your time to get settled doing
this. There is no use to force things. (li 1) It can help avoid "tears of blood". But if used incorrectly, if one is
not respecting that the Yi Jing must be used intelligently, with a good practice, and following superior
wisdom, it may lead to such tears. Working with the Yi Jing must be considered team-work. The one doing
the divining must apply superior wisdom, and due diligence. If not, due to flawed results one may end up
putting the Yi Jing to the side, discarding it, which will be very sad. Additionally, consider those who are
knowledgeable in using the Yi Jing. Work with them and their advice. (li 6)
IC hex. 23: One should let this "fruit" uneaten (untouched), oneself (in the case of the one asking the
question). The people (many) will carry you to a new place. - In other words: don't try to do all the work
yourself. Don't touch fruit until you know which fruit can be consumed, and how. Let those who know guide
you. (li 6)
FC hex. 20: Using the Yi Jing is like looking at the world from the perspective of a bird flying high above the
earth, or being perched in a tree. (Im + Ju) Looking at the Yi with the eyes of someone who has no
experience will lead to humiliation and regrets. (li 1) You must learn about using the Yi Jing by studying its
answers, its "ruling principles", and contemplate how these are manifested in ones own life and/or that of
others. (li 6)
FIC: see IC.

Early Heaven and Late Heaven sequences
There are two sequences in which the 8 trigrams can be presented, that are fundamental to using the Yi
Jing. They are the so called "Early Heaven" and "Late Heaven" sequences (also called "Earlier" and "Later"
Heaven sequences). These are commonly called "Bagua".
Both sequences predate written text versions of the Yi Jing.
The oldest sequence is the "Early Heaven" sequence, and is attributed to Fu Xi (Fu Hsi), who is considered
the "founding father" of Chinese society. It represents spirit (or "the human") moving from Heaven to Earth
(manifesting and "showing" itself in the physical world). It can be called the "metaphysical" order, showing
the metaphysical reality of the cycle of change, and its expression (manifestation) in the physical world.
The "Late Heaven" sequence was created long afterwards, by King Wen, who is the progenitor of the Zhou
dynasty, and who is credited for producing the first written text of the Yi Jing (around 1123 BC - before this
time, Yi Jing texts were transmitted as easily memorizable verses). It represents spirit (or "the human")
roaming on Earth (experiencing and moving through the physical world), in the end moving from Earth to
Heaven. It can be called the "cosmological" order, showing the cosmological reality of the cycle of change,
and its expression (manifestation) in the astrophysical and astrological world.
For Yi Jing astrology the Late Heaven sequence is used as its basis. The Early Heaven sequence is used in
a secondary way for certain calculations.
In Feng Shui, both sequences (Baguas) are used, albeit each for different purposes. The Early Heaven
("Xiantian") Bagua is used for burial sites, and the Late Heaven ("Houtian") Bagua, is used for residences.
Note that for convenience, both figures below show the North being at the top, in western fashion, whereas
traditional Chinese sources show them with the South being at the top. Amongst other things, it allows for a
more intuitive appreciation of the daily cycle, reading the "clock", with "12 o' clock midnight" (beginning of the
day) at the top.

Sequence of Later Heaven, or Inner-World Arrangement - Fa Wen
This sequence integrates the theory of the 5 Elements (or 5 Stages of Change), see the figure on p. i-32
(with the fire trigram at the top, opposite to the figure above). Note that in order to even out ("balance") the
sequence, the mountain trigram is in a non-concording ("irregular") position.

5-Elements Cycles / The 5 Stages of Change
Feeding cycle:
the Fire feeds the Earth
the Earth feeds the Light (Heaven/Metal)
the Light (Heaven/Metal) feeds the Water
the Water feeds the Wood/Wind
the Wood/Wind feeds the Fire
Breaking cycle:
the Fire breaks the Light (Heaven/Metal)
the Light (Heaven/Metal) breaks the Wood/Wind
the Wood/Wind breaks the Earth
the Earth breaks the Water
the Water breaks the Fire

Hexagram 1, the Light (the Creative, the Active)
- Qian (Ch'ien)
The theme of this hexagram is the creative, that which lies at the origin of all that exists, the Yang, the
active principle as symbolized by the light. In the texts of the lines this active principle or energy is
symbolized by the dragon.
The Image says:
"the light; the creative; the active; the filling; the male; the enforcing; the enforcement;
the energy dispersing:
The light within the light.

Heaven occurring twice (multiple times).
Heaven in motion.
That which creates what will create.
Heaven, in its motion, reveals transcendent power.

The motion of Heaven, like that of the light, is powerful.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) creating, while being strong and
unfaltering; He is (was, might, will, or should be) nerving himself (others, and/or things) into
(a) ceaseless activity.
The Great Man will never stop to enforce his being and character, without ever faltering,
uniting with the powers, the strength, and the will from Heaven.
JLK: The male must explore (experience, learn about, understand) how to fulfill (complete,
realize, and/or manifest things)."
JLK: Hex. 1, the Light (the Creative, the Active), shows the image of light (Heaven, the creative,
active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) upon (following, projecting) light (Heaven, the creative,
active, Great, strong, right, male, loving), which gives the idea of creativity, activity, filling, enforcing,
and dispersion of energy, producing more of it (or of what is alike). It represents the yang, of the yin
and yang principle.
Nothing is stronger than the light. Therefore, it is always confronted by its own strength and creativity,
and will have to compensate excess in these, by understanding when and why they should be
restrained (limited), and what will lead to the right things being accumulated. This is expressed in the
fact that its inner hexagram is also hex. 1.
The repetition of the light trigram, produces a hexagram of 6 strong yang lines, which also reappear in
its inner hexagram. It shows a fullness of creative power (enforcement).
The light symbolizes what is yang and male. In humans, what is male, strong, and creative (active) is
expressed in its most explicit form in the capacity for penetration (and/or "breaking through" or
"within" something), it be physically or spiritually. This is a different kind of penetration than that of the
element of the wood (the wind), which penetrates (and/or confuses, disperses) in a way that is soft,
also see hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly Penetrating and Organizing). What is yang and male
Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - p. 1

penetrates thanks to what is strong (hard, tough) and creative (active).
By contrast, the earth symbolizes what is yin and female. In humans, what is female, weak and
receptive (passive) is expressed in its most explicit form in the capacity for openness (and/or
receptiveness) or darkness (what is bad), it be physically or spiritually. Various synonyms can be used
for these along this text.
Gathered sources: Qian, say: tsyan (Ch'ien, say: tsyèn), represents the light (Heaven, the creative,
active, Great, strong, right, male, loving). It represents the creative or "filling" energy: the
extraordinary and never ending potential of the powers of Heaven. It is strong, dominating, never off
track, and never faltering in strength. It will cause, or make things to be initiating things.
It is the breath that gives life: it is its strength and energy.
The original Chinese ideogram for Qian shown in the "site of Yin" text, consists of several characters
(images) showing the qi (chi, the name for "the energy of air", ether, and "breath") ascending towards
and descending from the sun, which in the symbol is "bracketed" by (hid behind, "below", or within,
restrained, "held", or received by) plants (nature, low underbrush, trees, or vegetation), which may
(therefore) reveal (or indicate) "of" (or about) it. The sun (the light) can be seen as positioned between
the ground which is below it, and the plants (or trees) which are "above" it. This image may also be
associated to the process (and results) of photosynthesis, the energy cycle which is the basis for all
life on earth.
JLK: However, on itself this hexagram does not represent the photosynthesis process. Rather, it
represents the driving force behind the photosynthesis: the light, carrying creative power.
A more complete representation of photosynthesis is found in hex. 44, Encountering (the Contact,
the Approaching Relationship), which shows the interaction between the wood trigram, and the
Heaven trigram, and hex. 9, the Power of the Small (the Small Accumulating).
Gathered sources: The image of rising energy may also indicate the rising energy, qi (chi), or "light",
as that of a person (or a "dragon", see further below), although the energy may be uncontrolled (it is
"rising up", but the risk occurs it may yet be without "a head", lacking a controlled way of acting).
The qi (chi), the energy of air, breath, ether, fog, or (energetic) clouds that are ascending, is as
"covered" by a kind of roof (a reversed Y), or rising up towards it, which may (also) indicate its
capacity of resisting (avoiding) disaster, and bringing peace. But although it merely indicates this, it
does not mean such is (as yet) guaranteed. Due to the re-occurrence of the energies of Heaven
(creativity, and activity), collisions are (still) possible.
The ideogram is also read (seen) as (showing, indicating) "the sun shining" (in the sky), while "there
is fog" (clouds, manifestation of energy), which obstructs the view (over, or on the ground): the clouds
(are, were, might, or will be) hiding (but yet also indicating) Heaven, and that which is "active" (on the
ground, as well as in general). The fog (clouds) of manifestation of energy is (are, were, might, or will
be) rising up, (while) the "view" is ("things" are) (being) unveiled (and gradually becoming clearer).
Heaven hides (and contains) Heaven; The active (and creative) contains (and indicates about) what is
(was, might, or will be) active (and creative).
Then, it may be associated to the idea of the beginning of a new day. It suggests that, with a fresh
mind, and fresh spirit, one may assess (contemplate, and decide on) the situation, and understand
how because of (ones) misconceptions (and/or misunderstanding), one is (was, might, or will be)
causing (ones own) problems. It then shows that when one will understand and recognize what is true
and untrue, difficulties (peril, danger, or misfortune) will (or might) disappear (as) by themselves.
The clouds (manifestation of energy, creativity) rising, may also be associated with the boiled and
condensed state of water, rising up (towards Heaven). Thus, this hexagram, the Light, may represent

energy, like that of the water brought to the state of boiling: transforming, and releasing (a new kind)
of energy (creativity, activity); At the top (maximum) of energy (creativity, activity).
In a general way, the occurrence of this hexagram means action and creativity (rising, ascending). A
time for doing (things), and paying attention to what is done, active, activated, creating, and created
(the filling, and the result of it).
It represents the primal energies that make up (substantiate) the (binary, two-sided) manifestation
(expression) of the Dao (the "way").
All the lines of this hexagram are continuous (go on), and embody what is described by the yang-
principle (which stands for the strong, active, giving and spiritual energy that creates). That is why this
hexagram (on the whole) stands for Heaven, the ruler, the head of family. It may symbolize someone
who uses his strength and vitality in a constructive way (or something that does so).
As there is only one Heaven, here, the doubling of the hexagram indicates the movement of Heaven.
One complete revolution (turn) of Heaven makes a day (or a period), and the repetition of the trigram
(the light) indicates that each day (or period) is followed by another. This is what brings the idea of
time. Since it is the same Heaven moving with untiring power, this also brings the idea of duration
both in, and beyond time, a movement that never stops nor slackens, just as one day follows another
in an unending course. It is this duration in (and through) time, which "embodies" (substantiates) the
power and strength, inherent in the creative (the active).
Therefore, in its purest, and dual sense, in relation to the Universe, this hexagram, Qian, expresses
the strong creative action of Heaven, and in relation to the human world, it denotes the creative action
of the wise, sage, and holy one, of "the ruler or leader of men", who through his power awakens
(stirring up, or unveiling) and develops their higher nature.
Heaven never stops creating (being active, filling, shaping, enforcing). This may serve as the example
to follow. The sage, wise, and holy one learns how best to develop oneself so that ones influence may
endure. One is to make oneself strong, infallible (never faltering), effective, and persevering. One
must consciously be casting out all that is inferior and (which may be) degrading. Thus one attains
that tirelessness which comes with, and depends upon consciously limiting the fields (regions, or
levels) of ones activity.
After reaching its climax, this (Great) energy (or creative strength) changes in its opposite.
Considering this, the doubling of the trigram (the light, the creative) may be understood as a warning
concerning the extraordinary powers at work, which makes it imperative to understand that any
success can turn around in failure if strength is being used in a way that is arrogant (overconfident,
without correctly, or fully anticipating things), or if things are being forced (dangerous, difficult, or
clumsy).
The "ruler" of the hexagram (of the occurring constellation, or circumstances) is the nine in the 5th
place (the subject as described by it). The creative indicates the way of Heaven, and the 5th place is
the symbol of Heaven [as expressed through the ruler, the ruling consensus, or the way of
nourishment). The creative also indicates the way of the superior one, and the 5th place is his
appropriate place. Moreover, the nine in the 5th place possesses the four attributes of firmness,
strength, moderation (as expressed by its central position in the upper trigram), and justice
(correctness, the yang being in the yang place). Therefore, this line possesses the character of
Heaven in all its perfection.
This hexagram is associated, and correlated with the fourth month of the Chinese Astrology calander
[May - June], because the light-giving power is then at its zenith (peak).

The Judgment says:
"Light, creativity, activity, filling, the male, masculinity, enforcing, enforcement, energy
dispersing:
These bring supreme success.
The light (the creative, the active, the filling) is the origin: it is that which comes first;
It is Great, originating and penetrating; Its way brings supreme success.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) offering a sacrifice, or at an occasion.
There is (was, might, or will be) profit (good fortune, advantage) in firmness, perseverance,
anticipation, and divination;
But only to one who is (was, or will be) correct and unyielding.
Creative action beholds sublime success, due to the staying power of creativity and creation.
One situation will create another one.

One has strength and creating energy (contained) within oneself.
JLK: There can not be creativity (new life), and/or manifestation (expression) of creativity (new
life), without activity;
There can not be appropriate activity if there is not the right amount of strength (penetrating
and submitting power, pertinence, diligence), and/or if it's not of the right (loving) kind.
If there is the right (balanced) amount of strength (penetrating and submitting power,
pertinence, diligence), creativity, and activity, in that case success is a natural outcome."
JLK: The optimal position of the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving)
is that of creating (like the light feeding all life on earth), being active, and filling.
Gathered sources: Qian, the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving),
changes and transforms everything, so that all things (may) find their true nature as appointed, and
preserves Great harmony in union. The result is "profit (good fortune, advantage), in firmness,
perseverance, anticipation, and divination, but only to one who is correct and unyielding."
It means that all (that is or will be occurring) is (was, or will be) depending on ones persevering, or
acting in the correct way, (by) doing what is right, unyielding!
Pay attention to the timing of things. It is important (and crucial) to act only if the time is right. The
origin of a situation reveals about its future. One can know what will be coming ahead, if one
succeeds in noticing small occurrences like the first (small) green of what will become a big plant.
It is necessary to offer sacrifices (to make efforts, not only beneficial to oneself), if one wants to live in
harmony with the energies influencing ones life.
In order to make a profit, one must harvest, i.e. cut, what is ripe (adequately, and in time), (such as) to
nourish what has to continue living. Real profit can only occur as a consequence of correctly
persevering, anticipating, and looking ahead of things, by all means available (like the divination),
avoiding errors.
"One has strength and creative energy within oneself...", means truth, strength, and creativity can be
found within (or "in the heart").
An excess of what is "yang", may lead to recklessness, arrogance, insensitivity, fanaticism,

aggressiveness and a rigid, intolerant attitude or behavior. But an excess of what is "yin" may cause
passivity, exaggerated subservience, obedience, following, smallness (pettiness), fear of failure, or
yielding.

Commentary
The Universal Creative, in manifesting itself, first produced the Yin and the Yang. In three subsequent
evolutionary stages it produced the Yang and seven others trigrams. In six stages it produced the
Yang or Qian, the Light (the Creative) hexagram and sixty-three other hexagrams.
Qian, the Light hexagram is composed of two Yang trigrams or a total of six Yang lines. Yang lines in
the first, third and fifth positions are in their right places. Here we have Yang lines in the second,
fourth and sixth positions as well. Strong lines in places where weakness should normally prevail can
often be damaging.
Creative strength must be properly and wisely directed for it to be truly propitious.
~ Profile
Creative strength must be properly and wisely directed for it to be truly propitious. Since this creativity
is throughout the hexagram, it is considered as stemming from the Primal Source, and a person born
under this hexagram will receive outside help and support, as well as being exceptionally strong
inwardly. He will be a man of action and creativity. Hence the predictions for success, fame and riches
for those carrying out their intentions with wisdom.
It is well known that some paths are smoother than others, and so it is here. The positions of the
controlling line sets forth the favorable and unfavorable conditions. Whether one's path will be
smooth, rough, or somewhere in between, depends on the position of the controlling line and how
one uses the blessings available to one through the exercise of one's free will.
In the lines mention is made of "dragons". The meaning is not literal but, rather, symbolic of forces,
powers and spirits which do not only exist here on the surface of the earth, but also in its very core,
and in the skies, anywhere and everywhere. Related to man, this signifies the inner force which can
transcend time and space.

Lines
"JLK: Creativity (light, activity, greatness, strength, firmness, masculinity) is (was, might, will,
or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (and/or in) the feet (in the beginning, when
young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or in the way of (and/or when) moving
(advancing, in the way of doing things).
If it is (excessively) superior (Great), the results will be good, and there will be advantage.
If it is (excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) a hidden dragon;
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not acting overtly (explicitly), and/or
under the occurring circumstances.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not active (not taking, or not coming into
action) overtly (in plain sight, and/or under the occurring circumstances).
For the light (creativity, strength, goodness, or male) is (was, might, or will be) (too) low.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) hidden (covering, or covered and out
of the view).
The power of the light is (was, might, will, or should) (be) - still - hidden (covered, low, out of
the view, inactive, or not correctly applied);
One can (could, might, or will) not perceive all its ways.
There is (was, might, or will be) little or nothing that is (was, might, or will be) clear (clarified,
active, or observed).
JLK: The creative (expression of) strength (power), and/or action (creation), is (was, or will be)
indeed present (true, genuine), but it is (was, might, will, or should be) lying hidden (dormant,
or surreptitiously active)."
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) hidden (covered), or made to be like this.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not acting, and/or not acting in a way that can be
seen (viewed, detected), otherwise ones action(s) will be useless. The reason for this is because one
is (was, might, or will be) kept out of sight (hidden), and/or due to there not being enough light (on the
field where things occur), and/or due to circumstances (on the field) lacking what is light (strong,
creative, just).
One (what occurs) must be patient. There is potential, as the (water) dragon's energy is only dormant.
It will be shown when the time is right.
Additionally, this line may indicate that there is creative power (or the expression of it), and that it is
present (true, genuine), and will live on, whatever one does.
Thus, while generally this line holds the advice not to act, and to stay hidden, if supported by other
strong lines, it may indicate one should act in a way that is non-explicit, i.e. discrete, as if hiding and
out of the view, which may mean one should do things in a sideways, non-explicit, and/or non-
deliberate manner, keeping a "low profile".
Since it is the nature of what is creative to be active, being inactive is counter its natural tendency.
Here being (explicitly, openly) active could be right, but the circumstances are not right. Therefore this
line is unfavorable to some degree, depending on the context.
Gathered sources: The ancient original Chinese ideogram used for "hidden dragon", is "qian". It
shows a pool of water (shui) having swallowed the sun. This dragon offers a rich image of hidden

energy, of deep potential, of waiting, of things like photolysis (a hidden process).
At the same time this image shows how the light is obscured ("consumed", eaten, broken) by the pool
of water. How this affects the matter at hand will also result depending on the water being clean or
polluted.
Thus, one (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) hiding (covering, obstructing, and/or
keeping out of the view), and/or hidden (covered, and/or kept out of the view) by something.
There is (was, might, or will be) no error (no mistake) in what is at the center of the matter at hand,
even though (if, or "even when") the light (the creative, active, or the dragon) is (was, might, will, or
should be) hidden (out of sight, or inactive, albeit temporarily).
Ones time may come, but not now. It is (was, or will be) best one be preparing (organizing) oneself,
and wait. Ones progress may be slow (or only (at the) beginning, young, inexperienced, early, erratic,
etc...), but (then) there is (was, might, or will be) no error (no mistake).
This appears from the strong line's being in the lowest place, as if it is still wholly beneath the earth,
which gives the idea of something hidden (not yet started, or not - yet - observed, contemplated).
Thus, when this line comes up, the occurring energy, or force (the noble seeker or individual),
remains hidden, unnoticed, and unappreciated, or is (was, might, or will be) without effect, which
means that the situation depicted here is that of a hidden potential not used, not effective, not yet
begun, or not applied.
The appearance of this line may also mean that the Great and superior (one) is (yet) still
unrecognized, or unappreciated. Nonetheless one remains true to oneself. One does not allow to be
influenced by outward success or failure, but confident in ones strength, one bides ones time.
Therefore, if under such circumstances this line appears, it is wise to wait in the calm strength of
patience (and check ones "information"). The time (may or) will fulfill itself. One need not fear that the
will is not strong, and should not prevail. The main thing is (was, might, or will be) not to spend ones
powers and strength prematurely in an attempt to obtain by force something for which the time is
(was, might, or will) not yet (be) ripe.
The "dragon hidden within (the deep)", may also point to the fact that what occurs is present "within"
(at the interior), even if it is not (yet) visible "without" (at the exterior).
The fact that the changing of (only) this line transforms this hexagram into hex. 44, Encountering (the
Contact, the Approaching Relationship), also indicates that the "dragon", energy, or occurrence is (to
be) building up, growing, or to be controlled correctly (see the commentary to the first line of hex. 44.
Further indications are:

a) The hidden dragon not acting may indicate that strength (or the "life force") is yet as "sleeping",
and/or not visible.
b) A Heavenly dragon [JLK: probably incorrect, as this dragon is a water dragon] avoiding action
indicates that strength (the "life force") lays (as) in the earth (in the dark).
c) The activities of one who is Great, consists of doing what is good. In this case, "hiding" means that
one is not yet shining ones light, because ones behavior (or other qualities and aspects) needs to be
improved. This is the reason why he refrains from taking action. As a guide to how to behave, this is a
very important indication.
General comment
The hidden dragon means that the primeval forces are not operating out in the open here, implying
that one should remain withdrawn, hiding one's talents and abilities. However, one should be mentally
active.

~ Profile
These are persons who quietly direct matters from behind the scenes.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a learned scholar with wide knowledge, who knows
how to direct and control others to get the best out of them. He may have a tendency to be
lackadaisical, and will not be a seeker of fame or fortune. Even so, some may reach him.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): His level of activity will be quite low and his living standards
poor. Since this is the Qian hexagram, he will have the wherewithal successfully to overcome and rise
above these conditions.
Special note for this line:
Quietude is sometimes a virtue. Use it judiciously.
Special indications for daily actions:
Do not make important decisions today. Further thought should be given. Also, new information may
be forthcoming. Do not disclose matters of importance if this can be avoided.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) creativity (light, activity, greatness,
strength, firmness, masculinity) in (for, at, with) the calves, and/or ones impulses (the
temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Creativity (light, activity, greatness, strength, firmness, masculinity) is (was, might, or will be)
occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally
(and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the orders being given by the regional chiefs and/or the
temporary (intermediate) King (ruler, ruling consensus).
If it is (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed), the results will be good, and there will be
advantage.
If it is (excessively) impulsive ("jumpy"), and/or too slow (sluggish), the results will be bad,
and there will be misfortune.
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) a dragon appearing in the field.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) appearing (in the open space) (coming
into view).
Already, the influence of (ones, or its) character reaches far.
There is (was, might, or will be) profit (good fortune, or advantage) in seeing (obtaining advice,
or learning from) the Great man."
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) appearing in the open
(on the field) (into view). One may improve ones situation, and ones efforts will be appreciated.
"There is (was, might, or will be) profit (good fortune, or advantage) in seeing (obtaining advice, or
learning from) the Great man", means it is good, and will bring profit, to learn, or ask advice from ones
superiors, or those who are older, or more experienced. The diffusion of virtuous influence is (was,
might, or will be) wide.

This line may also depict a person, who in his personality, resembles to a dragon (in China, the
dragon represents a Heavenly creature, and is highly appreciated. Its coming brings rain, i.e.
blessings and fertility). He is (rightly) at the center of attention of all. He is sincere in his words, careful
in his actions, keeps what is bad and evil at a distance, and maintains his integrity and truthfulness.
He does a lot of good for the world, but does not show this off. His virtue is Great enough to bring him
Great influence. Thus, such a "dragon in the open field", or Great Man, is so gifted with virtues, that
he is worthy of Ultimate authority.
Further indications are:

a) The image of a dragon appearing in the open field suggest that the actions of the superior one
have had effect all around.
b) This means the time has come to act.
c) It means that the entire world is being civilized by the superior one.
d) The superior one studies in order to collect material and facts, questions others, adheres to
forgiveness as a rule of life, and makes friendliness be the foundation of his behavior.
It is this kind of a person, that inspired the comments of the Yi Jing on the superior one, the Great
Man, and the dragon.
~ Profile
The primal forces are now operating on the surface of the earth, symbolizing that this man not only
has great talent and ability but should demonstrate his talent and worth to the world. Doing so will
result in successes for him. He is resourceful, and capable of working at all levels. Working in
cooperation with superiors will be especially beneficial for him.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will become noble and rich in character, wealth and position.
He will rise to a high position and Iris services will be sought after by many. He will also have a highly
favorable personal life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will attain limited fame, honor and wealth, coupled with a
modest family life, adequate in all respects.
Resourceful creativity brings success.
A favorable day for every aspect of life.

3
strength, firmness, masculinity) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or application of the laws to live
by, and their influence on (their capacity to change, and/or transform) what is (was, might, or
will be) occurring.
If it is (excessively) free (unlimited) and joyful, yet avoiding danger (difficulties, entrapment),
the results will be good, and there will be advantage.
If it is (excessively) restrained (limited) and/or leading to danger (difficulties, entrapment), the
results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
All day long the superior one is creatively active.

One goes "from one end to the other", and again, on the right path.
There is advantage in the divination; It is good to be anticipating, and to be persevering,

but one must be modest and aware; don't exhaust (things).
JLK: One must always be able to act reliably and to move (as) with the speed of light.
There are no unfavorable omens."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) active and watchful all day long. One is treading the
proper path (pursuing the right way) over and over again. However, all this activity demands that once
the evening (the end of the day) comes, one take a rest.
In a more general way, the occurrence of this line may indicate how things (resources, or other) can
get exhausted, and that this is a time to give things a rest, or that this should occur when comes "the
end of the day" (or what is like this).
Beware of exhaustion and extortion even if this is (seeming to be coincidentally) caused by the
circumstances. Be apprehensive of problems, and obstruction (immobility, or being stuck), even if the
circumstances are difficult (or dangerous).
If one is too exhausted, and/or if the resources are exhausted that are necessary to accomplish the
task at hand or for dealing with the issue at the center of what is occurring, than nothing will get done.
This line may also indicate how there is (was, may, or will be) much to be done. Yet great
compensation, or rewards can not be expected (for it) under the presently occurring circumstances.
This may depict a (superior) person whose virtue is progressing, and who puts much effort in his
work. By increasing his virtue, he achieves loyalty and integrity. By carefully weighing his words he
achieves sincerity, and this way assures that his work will progress (or go on). He knows what needs
to be done, does this, and thus fulfills the highest of expectations. He understands in what way his
work(s) will bear fruit, and pursues it, without ever leaving the way of virtue. That is why he will not be
pretentious, when in a high position, nor will he complain about a low position. It is because of this
reason that he works and labors, while remaining careful, alert, and apprehensive. Thus, although
there are difficulties approaching, and although there will be danger, he will not be blamed.
Further indications may be:

a) The fact that one is busy all day, and still alert at night, might mean that one is doing the same
work several times.
b) This concerns a matter of Great importance.
c) It indicates that one is doing ones work in accordance with the time and circumstances.
This 3rd line of the hexagram is a strong line, but it is not at the center (of one of the two trigrams). It
is not high enough to communicate with Heaven, nor is it low enough to communicate with the earth.

That is why it is necessary for one to be working so much, and to be apprehensive. The danger and
difficulties of this situation will not cause one to be blamed.
~ Profile
Yi Jing is designed for superior persons, and offers no advice to inferiors. It does, however, make
predictions regarding them.
By being cautious yet diligent, a man can avoid mistakes. Many important matters will confront an
individual throughout his life.
The individuals indicated here will have a tendency to procrastinate and be indecisive. This may be
due to a certain form of exhaustion, mentally, physically, or other. They should beware of this.
These persons have ample ability, and their strong traits, if used, will play an important part, not only
in their success but in that of others dependent on them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a noble, honest and learned man, achieving gains and
fame by always being cautious, and by converting the difficult into the easy, both in his personal and
professional life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be indecisive, unstable and changeable, sometimes
diligent, sometimes lazy, and often not respecting others. The potential to improve is there, and, if
brought to the fore, such a person will be able to enhance his circumstances.
Be cautious whenever it is indicated.
Doubt exist as to the best course to pursue. Use extreme care in thought and deed in order to avoid
mistakes.

4
strength, firmness, masculinity) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones
household, ones emotions).
Creativity (light, activity, greatness, strength, firmness, masculinity) is (was, might, will, or
should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-
man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant, the one who is trusted, ones trustfulness
and/or reliability).
If it is (excessively) well directed (stable), the results will be good, and there will be advantage.
If it is (excessively) confused (unstable), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like a fish (a kind of water dragon) leaping
(dancing, jumping) over (above, beyond, or near) the depths (the main, and/or most) of the
river (the water, the abyss, the difficulties);
Free from the whirlpool (the turbulence, and/or vortex).
Then, advance is (was, might, or will be) not a mistake.

One who is (truly) resolute will make no mistake;
There are no unfavorable omens.
No error; No blame."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, will, or should be) freeing oneself from,
and/or moving over (above, beyond) the turbulence (vortex, or whirlpool) of (what is like) a deep
stream of water (the river, the abyss), like a fish dancing above the depths (the main location, the
"house") of the water (the "mainstream"), or like a shaman dancing near the borders of an abyss.
This yang line in the 4th position, when it changes into yin, leads to the lower inner trigram changing
into the ocean, which contains the streams the fish are moving over (above).
Advancing (in such a way, i.e. as when moving or leaping over the turbulence) will not be a mistake. If
one succeeds in being resolute on appropriate and sound grounds, this will add to things being right.
Since this line is in the place of the heart, it might refer to the emotions being steered free
(independent) of (and/or 'jumping over', 'dancing at the borders of') the turbulences of life.
The meaning and wording for this line varies significantly from all currently known Yi Jing texts, which
generally show the image of someone jumping over an abyss, something that is commonly too big of
an effort for most (ordinary) humans.
The image of "fish leaping ("dancing") over the turbulent depths of a river" is more realistic,
metaphorically and archetypically relevant, and is an extrapolation based on an interpretation of an
unknown graph occurring in the Mawangdui text. It occurs associated with the jumping fish, and
seems to show a house (yet is not known to have that as its meaning). This results in the
inerpretation of fish "jumping" over "the big house", and/or (thus) the main body (and/or the depths) of
the river, i.e. the "mainstream".
Conversely, this line may indicate that if one lets oneself be dragged along by the "mainstream"
(turbulence, vortex, or whirlpool) of what is at the center at hand, if one doesn't have the capacity to
move or leap over the turbulence (a distracting, and/or disturbing influence), then this will be a
mistake, an error.
Alternatively, this line may indicate that what occurs will be helpful in freeing oneself from, and/or
moving over (above, beyond) turbulence.

Gathered sources: [As for the traditional text] The ancient original Chinese ideogram used for
"dancing" ("jumping", "leaping") is "yue". It shows a foot, a bird, and feathers. This is a shamanistic
picture of leaping about and dancing, a ritual to promote receptiveness (from dimensions "beyond")
and creativity. The ideogram used for "river" (the water, the stream, the abyss) is "yuan", made of the
symbols of water and a vortex, picturing a whirlpool of constant, overwhelming phenomena.
If one advances resolutely (but with respect of safety precautions, avoiding turbulence, "dancing"
around or besides of it) there will be no error.
This is a time where one has to make a choice (come to a decision): to go on, breaking through,
rising upwards (coming up), or withdrawing (moving away, or downwards). There may not be only one
correct way: the right way of acting (moving) may be found "within" oneself.
JLK: If one wants to strike, it has to be direct and unfaltering. One should only strike to hit, and
accomplish. If the strike is not intended, or meant to be successful, then that's what the
accomplishment will consist of (in most cases).
Likewise, if one loves, the love should be expressed in as direct, reliable, yet as flexible a way as
possible. To become flexible, one needs to be hesitating, to wait on unpredictable moments, and to
look for the right move, for what is light (creative), and for what will carry lightly (righteously, lovingly),
as carried by wings.
Yet, this line indicates the energy is too firm, and not capable of imposing limits, not yet high in
Heaven, nor still yet in the fields below. This is why it says "wavering" or "hesitating" flight. To hesitate
means one is analyzing ones options. It also means one (still) has options. This is why one avoids to
make mistakes.
There are no "one-way" rules when going up or going down: as long as one refrains from doing
something bad, or doing it in a negative, undiscerning and destructive way. Progress comes in many
shapes, as long as one doesn't betray ones true nature, ones inner and enlightened self. Life, love,
and creativity, is what will probably matter most (at the end), as only this will bear enough result, as to
balance things out.
Confucius says about this line:
Rising up, and falling down, are passing states, what matters, is to avoid doing what may be wrong,
or bad. No progress, or recess, can go on forever. What matters is not to desert the others (leaving
them alone, by themselves). The Great Man brings increase to his virtue, and puts much effort in his
work, so that his aim, with (and in due) time, will be attained, and so that nothing can be blamed on
him.
Further indications:
a) Even if the Great Man (or superior one), is "tiptoeing" at the border (the limits) of the abyss (or
canyon), it will be no error to "make a step ahead" (to progress, to move on).
b)The commentary indicates that one is measuring (trying out) ones strength (or capacity).
c) It means also, that the way of the creative force (or principle), is leading to one of its Great
transformations (changes).
d) The line is strong, but not at the center (of one of the trigrams). It is not high enough to be
communicating with Heaven, nor low enough to communicate with the world, and not enough at the
center to be communicating with (fellow) humans. Therefore, it indicates an element of uncertainty,
and it implicates a situation, of which the outcome may rightfully be doubted (as a general rule on
how to behave under the occurring circumstances, this is of Great importance and relevance). That's
why one will not be blamed.

~ Profile
Each individual must determine for himself what his course will be. Whatever course this individual
elects to follow will be right for him. He will have the requisite judgment and experience to make
proper progress or retreat as circumstances dictate. No blame will occur no matter what courses he
follows.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will know when to move and when to stop. He will also tend to
cultivate a highly moral and religious character. He will be willing to share his knowledge and abilities
with others and be of service to them. This will result in many benefits to him.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): While admiring riches and fame, his indecisiveness will probably
keep him from gaining them, except to a minor degree. Unless he exercises care in all he does, such
a person may become a failure both in his personal and professional life.
Select activities suited to your disposition.
You know intuitively how far to proceed in any enterprise. Be guided accordingly, and you will achieve
favorable results.
strength, firmness, masculinity) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones
words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in) the way things are managed (at large) by the
ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus), and/or through (in) the way one is
nourishing (and/or taking nourishment).
If it is (excessively) supportive (sympathetic) and/or overcoming conflict (being

knowledgeable, full of experience, practical), the results will be good, and there will be
advantage.
If it is (excessively) authoritarian (repressive) and/or foolish (ignorant, lacking experience,
impractical), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
What occurs (is, was, might, will, or should be) (as) a flying dragon which is (was, might, will,
or should be) occurring high in Heaven.
One (what occurs) (is, was, might, will, or should be) (as) appearing high in Heaven, and/or in
what is (a context that is) alike (Great, strong, creative, right, loving).
This shows the Great Man at work (creatively active).

JLK: Thus, he enforces his being and character.
It will be advantageous to meet with (and/or learn from) the Great Man.
What occurs (or matters) is (was, might, will, or should be) the Ultimate way of governing.
It is the place (and way) that becomes to a Heavenly character (ruler, and/or people)."
JLK: If one (or what occurs) is in a dynamic and responsive environment, this line indicates harmony
and fortune through sympathetic vibration.

If one (or what occurs) is not in a dynamic and responsive environment, which may be indicated when
this line is the only strong line, then the sympathetic vibration can't occur, and there will be no results.
Good results will have to be found through support from what can evolve from (what is indicated in)
the 2nd and 1st line.
Conversely, this line may indicate that "sympathetic vibration" is sorely missing for the matter at hand.
In which case the issue may not lead to good results, on itself.
Still, it may offer one the possibility to experience "sympathetic vibration" in numerous other ways, as
long as one is (was, might, or will be) receptive in a strong, active, and creative way.
Under the occurring circumstances, when the Great Man is at work he will (and/or should) work on
what is sympathetic to him, and/or close to his nature and character. This is what will enforce his
being and character, and the expression of these.
Conversely, this means that here, the advice is not to do work (and/or activity) that doesn't agree with
ones nature and/or character. Also, under the occurring circumstances, it is (was, might, or will be)
right to do work (and/or an activity) that is creative (strong, active, right, loving, light, good).
Gathered sources: "Flying dragon in the Heavens": the Great man rouses himself to his work.
The character of the Great man is like Heaven and earth. His love and his passion shine like the sun
and the moon. His logic is the logic of the four seasons.
"Musical instruments (that are capable of producing the same pitch) have the capacity to make one
another vibrate, spontaneously, and "sympathetically" (corresponding).
JLK: This means that one instrument makes another instrument vibrate because the waves of a tone
generated by an instrument will make another instrument's string, metal or wood vibrate through the
same pitch (frequency, wave), because the sound-waves "push" (as by a "sea of sound") the
materials of the instrument into a motion at a corresponding frequency, either in unison, octave, 5th,
3rd (10th), or higher overtone.
Gathered sources: Likewise, people of the same (or corresponding) nature, will find each other (or
look each other up). Water flows where there is wetness, something that is scorched by fire, might be
burned. Like clouds (or vapors) following the dragon's trail, the crowds (all, the people), with their
eyes, follow and observe the coming (occurring) of a Great and holy person. All that is originated by
Heaven (yang) feels a bond ( is associating) with what is high (superior, or Great). All that is
originated by earth (yin), will feel a bond with what is low (inferior, or small).
This line may (also) indicate that someone who is (was, might, or will be) influential (an authority) may
recognize (some-) ones talents, and capacities, and give help.
Ones influence is (was, might, or will be) increasing, and one may be on the way to meet people of
the same nature, or character as oneself.
Paradoxically, it may also be that one is in a position of loneliness, but then it may indicate that ones
actions and movements are (were, or will be) in accord with what is (was, might, or will be)
"sympathetic" to ones cause.

Further indications:
a) This line may predict the coming of someone who is truly Great.
b) It symbolizes the superior position (or status) of the ruler (the prince, or that which is governing).
c) One gives an example of the harmony, thanks to Heavenly virtues.
d) The Great Man is he whose virtue will bring him in accordance with Heaven and earth. His clarity of
mind is like the brightness of the sun and the moon. His actions are as orderly as the unfolding of the
seasons. His joy and worry may reflect his Greatness. When he is anticipating on the decisions (or
will) of Heaven, Heaven will certainly support him. When he will decide to wait, and then acts, then
too will (he correctly) be following the rules (or order) as defined by Heaven. (As a guideline to how to
act under the occurring circumstances, this is of Great importance). Yes, even Heaven is fully
supporting him. How much more then the people (the crowds)! And how much more then the divine
spirits!
~ Profile
The achievements of this person will be greater than those of many others. The primal forces are
operating in the sky, and favor all activity in which such a person may engage, whether it be mental
physical, spiritual or material.
Such an individual will be progressively successful, and depending on how much one exerts oneself,
ones successes can be limitless. One will be continually blessed by Heaven. It is especially of such a
person that the saying "God helps those who help themselves" truly applies, even though others,
seeing the individual's affluence and achievements, might be inclined to say that one did not need
God's help.
Some scholars say that this controlling line is the most auspicious of all those in Yi Jing.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will achieve fame and fortune and attain high positions
throughout his life. He will be sought-after and highly respected, and his services can, and probably
will, be used for the benefit of the nation and the world. His personal life will be highly favorable.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a strong desire for fame and glory, but the results
he attains will not be as high as he would like, in that his influence will be primarily on a local level
rather than at a national or international level. He will be successful and will have a good family life as
well.
Progressive activity leads to success.
Your actions today will be those of a superior person and whatever you do with truth and sincerity in
your heart will produce favorable results.

6
strength, firmness, masculinity) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom,
Heaven's law).
If it is (excessively) wise (correct), and if its application is right, the results will be good, and
there will be advantage.
If it is (excessively) unwise (flawed), and/or if its application is wrong, the results will be bad,
An arrogant dragon will have cause for regrets.

For what is exceedingly full can not last."
JLK: The one who is at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, or will be) excessively arrogant
and/or pretentious, which will lead to regrets (albeit not necessarily for the dragon, or not
immediately). The arrogant (and/or pretentious) dragon may symbolize oneself, or it may be someone
who (or that which) is in a certain position of power for the matter at hand.
Even if the dragon feels no regret, he will suffer a certain loss (even if only minor), and what occurs
may show worse things to come.
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a dragon who exceeds the proper
limits. There is (was, might, or will be) occasion for regrets and repentance. There is (was, might, or
will be) a state of fullness, that should not be indulged in long.
When one seeks to climb so high that one loses touch with the rest of mankind (and/or ones usual
healthy and balanced self), one becomes isolated (from ones true self), and this necessarily leads to
failure.
This line warns against titanic aspirations that exceed ones power. A precipitous fall would follow.
General comment
Since line 6 is in the topmost position, the symbolism is that the dragon has traveled so high that it
has become isolated. No person or thing is independent of all else, so if one strives too high the
results are unsatisfactory and there is cause for regret.
~ Profile
The persons indicated by this line will have such tendencies, but the superior man heeds this
warning, and guides himself accordingly.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be learned and quite influential. Fortunately, he will have
the know-how to remain humble and to employ caution. This will enable him to attain modest fame
and fortune, and to retain it.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be arrogant and ostentatious, and will have a generally
troublesome and unfavorable life. He may die young.
Always beware of excesses.

Even though your present conditions may be favorable, beware of arrogance and ostentation.
Remain humble, and with extra care possible stumbling-blocks can be avoided.

Hexagram 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the Passive)
- Kun (K'un)
The theme of this hexagram is the receptive, that which receives and gives birth to ("channels") all
that exists, the Yin, the passive and receptive principle as symbolized by the earth. This passive
principle or energy is also symbolized in the main texts by a mare which is led along, i.e. following
someone.
The Image says:
"the earth; the earth receiving; the receptiveness; the female; the passive;
that which is small; the darkness; the unclear; the open; the malleable;
the subdued (or subduing of) strength; the yielding; the pin:
The earth on the earth. The earth over (above) the earth.
The earth around, or within the earth.
The earth moving around the earth.
Like a mare (a horse) running around a pin (a pole standing in the earth), while attached to it.
The nature of the earth is that of "giving oneself in a receptive way".
The Dao De Jing: The abode of mysterious femininity (weakness, smallness, passiveness,
receptiveness, openness, darkness):
This is the root (way of nourishment) of Heaven and earth.
One is contemplating the earth’s capacity and sustaining power.
JLK: The light (the male, active) has to fight (be energetically active, creative) to come into the
right (loving) union (harmony, balance) with the earth (the passive, receptive, inferior).
The earth (the passive, receptive) has to yield (be softly passive, receptive) to come into the
right (loving) union (harmony, balance) with the light (the male, active, superior).
This is what makes the male (the light, the active, creative) attract the female (the earth, the
passive, receptive), and vice versa; It is the way (principle) of procreation and sexuality
(fertility); Procreation and sexuality (fertility) are the way of nature (the Universe), and works
through duality.
Thus the superior one who is (was, might, will, or should be) having a lot to offer, thanks to his
Great virtue, is (was, might, will, or should be) sustaining (supporting, carrying, moving,
and/or shaping) the other(s).
JLK: The superior woman will show these qualities.
The Great Man will harvest, and/or purse a goal, while being attentive not to befall to delusion.
JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) acquiring (pursuing) ones goal(s) only afterwards
(in a secondary way);
One might have to change; Adequately, with time.

The female must explore (experience, learn about, understand) how to begin (initiate things)."
JLK: Hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the Passive), shows the image of earth (the receptive, passive,
small, weak, open, female, dark) upon (following, projecting) earth (the receptive, passive, small,
weak, open, female, dark), which gives the idea of receptiveness, passiveness, and opening, made
strong by following. It represents the yin, of the yin and yang principle.
Nothing is weaker than the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). Therefore,
it is always confronted by its own weakness and receptiveness, and will have to compensate excess
in these, by understanding what these mean for the way ones moves (and/or evolves) - i.e. in a way
that is weak (receptive, open, inferior) - and how this will (or should) initiate what is new (beginning).
This is expressed in the fact that its inner hexagram is also hex. 2.
The repetition of the earth trigram, produces a hexagram of 6 weak yin lines, which also reappear in
its inner hexagram. It shows a fullness of receptiveness (yielding).
Gathered sources: Kun (K'un) represents the receptive or "open" and receptive: that which brings
forth all. It also represents the dark, or unclear, the small, the weak and the following (of someone or
something).
It is the perfect complement of the light, the creative, active and filling, and not its opposite.
The receptive does not combat the creative, but complements it. It represents (physical) nature in
contrast to spirit, earth in contrast to Heaven, space against time, the female-mother against the
male-father.
The earth is firm, she carries (bears) and beholds everything that lives and moves on, or in her.
The earth (our soil, the continents) moves around a center of burning earth (the center of the earth,
the lava), which may be seen as symbolizing the light (and active).
The earth, while sacrificing herself, carries the good and the evil.
Thus, likewise, the superior seeker is (was, might, will, or should be) making his character grow, and
makes it solid, in order to be able to stand the humans and the circumstances.
This hexagram represents what is small, receptive, female, open, neutral, inferior, and weak. It
represents the "basis", or ground for life as well as the openness, the emptiness, an empty stomach,
the empty (and receptive) womb. Like the earth, the womb can carry or "reflect" light, but it has to
receive "light" (the activating element) before anything else can be.
JLK: The interaction between the earth and the light, yin and yang, is a mysterious one, as one
nourishes (feeds) on the other and vice versa, in multiple ways, on multiple levels. The endless
smallness (receptiveness) of the earth allows (invites) the light to fill and come into action (and be
creative).
Gathered sources: This hexagram is linked with the tenth month of the year [November - December],
when the energies of darkness accentuate the end of the year.
The original Chinese name shown in the "site of Yin" text for this hexagram as given by the ideogram
"kun", has two parts. On the left "tu" is the character for (the) earth (which carries and brings forth all).
Originally drawn showing a shrine where sacrifice and reverence would be proffered, it (then)
suggests the meeting of earth and spirit. The upper line (then, also) represents the fertile surface (or
condition), while the bottom line represents the solid (substantial) foundation. Thus it may (also) stand
for ground.
On the right is "shen". In ancient writings, this pictograph portrayed lightning. It can also be read as
two hands that are stretching or tightening a string (or something of that shape). The string may also

be seen as symbolizing the (string of) light. On a matter of life dimension this may then illustrate the
fact that the manifestation of light (or an activity) occurs by passing ("regenerating") through the earth,
or woman’s womb, the flesh, or the hands (as the ones depicted) may symbolize some form of
(physical) manipulation.
Through time the character has changed and been altered into the image where "the string" became
(already) stretched, or tight, (while) indicating (some-) one who is putting a belt on (with both hands).
It thus (also) means "to report to the middle, to the center".
Another meaning of "shen" is "the seventh lunar month" [in Chinese astrology: August - September],
which begins the yin half of the year.
The string stretched, or tightened by the hands, is (tight) like the string which is holding the horse in
its course, while it’s moving around the pin.
Likewise, all in life is the result of an exchange between (seemingly) opposing forces. Growth exists
by the grace of decay (and deterioration), while activity and effort allow for passivity and relaxation,
and vice versa. If one respects this law, one will not force oneself, and not do things that will bring
damage, or harm, and know that one can not break thick steel with bare hands.
Kun represents the yin force of yin and yang. The occurrence of this hexagram, therefore, means
passiveness and receptiveness (moving downwards, descending), to be like the earth, to be receptive
(as a mother). It represents a time for restraining (things), and paying attention to what is received,
receiving, passified, passifying, subdued, subduing, open, or opening (and the result of this).
It also represents the dark side of the primal energies that make up (and substantiate) the (binary,
two-sided) manifestation (expression) of the Dao.
Under the constellation of this hexagram, the second position is (was, might, or will be) equally
important as the first. Action and timing are (were, might, should, or will be) of a yin nature, for most
importantly, "kun" means "two" (or second), the number two.
All the lines of this hexagram are not continuous (open, or broken, and do not go on), and embody
what is described by the yin-principle (which stands for the weak, passive, receiving and material).
That is why this hexagram (on the whole) stands for the earth, the minister (servant, or assistant), the
receptive as a mother (or wife), the mother of family.
It may symbolize someone who uses (or should use) his strength and vitality in a passive (restrained,
restraining, subdued, subduing, receptive, small, serving or dark) way (or something that does or
should do so).
In relation to the human world (and affairs), it denotes the principle of complementary partnership, as
found not only in the relation between man and woman, but also between prince (ruler) and minister,
or father and son. In the individual, this duality appears in the coexistence of the spiritual world, and
the (physical) world of the senses.

The Judgment says:
"Earth, receptiveness, passiveness, opening, the female, femininity, yielding, draining,

weakness, smallness, darkness, what is unclear, malleable:
These indicate what is at the origin.
JLK: The earth (the receptive, passive, the opening) is Great, and originating due to its power
(ability) to increase all things.
The essence of the sacrifice (and/or trial) is (was, might, will, or should be) done in silence,
with quietness.
The offering of a sacrifice, or the occurring of an occasion, is profitable, beholding blessings

like that of a mare full of fire moving around a pin: Look at her!
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) having a goal, is (was, might, will, or
should be) seeing the earth (the receptive, the small, the darkness), and be giving (while
seeing and knowing) what she wants (or, if more appropriate, abstains from doing this,
depending on the circumstances).
Through following (giving in) one obtains mastery (power);

If the superior one (being the receptive, the earth, the female) wants to lead or take the
initiative, and/or be the first, he will go astray, and there will be confusion;
But if he is willing to follow while still being creative (active), he will find guidance, and be "in
control" of the situation.
This means that what occurs concerns "the way of the second (one)", "the next", the passive,
and the receptive."
JLK: The optimal position of the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) is that
of following, like the earth turning around the sun, or a mare moving around a pole, and receiving,
while opening to this.
Gathered sources: That which is depicted by this hexagram, Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive,
small, weak, open, female, dark), is Great and originating, penetrating, receiving, advantageous,
correct, and having the firmness like that of a mare.
Thus, complete is the Great and originating capacity of Kun! All things owe to it their origin, their birth.
That which is indicated by this hexagram receives obediently the influences of Heaven.
The earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark), in its largeness, supports and
contains all things. Its excellent capacity matches the unlimited power of Qian. Its meaning and
comprehension is wide, and its shapes and brightness Great. All beings and various things obtain by
it their full development, by its quantifying and limiting.
The mare is a being of an earthly (small, vulgar and/or receptive) nature. The mare’s moving on the
earth is in a way "without limitation", though somehow she will keep moving "around" it, being
directed, like when moving around "a pin". Like the mild and docile, advantageous and firm way of the
mare, and the earth itself, the superior one too, here, strives for mildness, docility, thus obtaining
(receiving) advantageousness and firmness.
When the superior one here intended has to make any movement, if he takes the lead, or the
initiative, he will go astray (of the experience of meaning). If he follows, being the one receiving (not
pursuing) he will find guidance.
"He will go astray...", means: one will miss what is ones proper course. If one will follow, one is (or will

have to be) docile, and one will get into ones regular course. Thus, the mere intention, or want, to be
the first or the second, will influence things.
Therefore, the advise connected to this hexagram is to act in conformity with the situation. One is not
in an independent situation, but acting as a kind of assistant (or help). This means that one has to
achieve something, but without leading the initiative. It is good to be like "a mother" and/or a receptive
maiden (available for marriage): receiving, not actively pursuing (out of the practical), but following
(the conditions as defined by the circumstances). It will not be profitable to undertake something now,
as this will lead one astray.
If, under the present circumstances, one will know how to meet fate with an attitude of acceptance,
one will be sure to find the right kind of guidance. This means that the superior one will allow to be
guided, while learning from the situation, what will be required, following his intimate considering of
fate.
As something has to be accomplished, one needs friends and helpers, in the hour of toil and effort,
once the ideas to be realized are firmly set. The West and the South indicate the time and place of
the toil and effort, for it is there where what is receptive works for what is creative, as nature does in
summer and autumn. If in that situation one does not mobilize all ones powers, the endeavor, or work
to be accomplished, will not be done. Here, to find friends means, to find guidance. But in addition to
the trial and efforts, one must consider a time (or way) of planning, for which one needs solitude.
Thus, in the South-West (where there are many people) one will get friends, which will be
advantageous. There, one will be walking with those of ones own class, or kind.
In the North-East (from which orders emanate) one will lose friends. But in the end there will be
ground for congratulation.
In the East, here, one receives or finds ones orders (or objectives) as from ones master. In the North,
one is "reporting", or "collecting" what one has done. At these times one must be alone and objective.
During such sacred moments one might have to do without companions, so that the purity of the
moment may not be spoiled by petty hate, or favoritism.
If one rests in correctness and firmness, there will be good fortune.
The good fortune arising from resting or persevering in (with) firmness and sincerity accords and
corresponds to the unlimited capacity of the earth.
The situation as it is occurring (in ones inquiry), is connected to the cycle of the four time-seasons as
a whole, rather than (just) being part of it. The origin of favorable results, lies in offering at an early
stage, in sincere devotion to what is right, wholesome and sincere.
Fa Wen, says about this hexagram:
"That which is depicted by Kun is most gentle and weak, but, when stimulated, or put in motion, is
hard and strong. It is mostly still(ed), but it is able to give and receive every kind of definite form.
"By following one will be able to find guidance", and to pursue ones regular course and goals. What
occurs as Kun contains all things in itself, and its transforming power is glorious. Docility marks the
way of Kun, the earth! It receives the influences of Heaven, and will act at the proper time."
JLK: An excess of what is "yin" may (for instance) cause wasteful passiviness, exaggerated
subservience, obedience, following, smallness (pettiness), fear of failure, or yielding. But, an excess
of what is "yang", may (for instance) lead to recklessness, arrogance, insensitivity, fanaticism,
aggressiveness, and a rigid, intolerant attitude or behavior.

Commentary
The Receptive and the Creative complement each other rather than oppose. Their basic
characteristics are very different, but both essential. There is no such thing as only one path to a
particular goal, whether it be spiritual development, fame, fortune, riches, a long life, happiness, or
whatever.
~ Profile
The symbol for Yin is the earth. Therefore, this person should be like the earth, i.e. strong, receptive,
responsive, and, above all, inwardly correct. Whenever the earth is correct inwardly it is productive
externally, useful, beneficial, and a thing of beauty. It is responsive to the laws of Heaven, and works
to consummate what is required of it, without external display or complaint.
Those born with this natal hexagram should try to emulate the earth. It is of such a person that it can
be said: "He never seems to do anything yet he always gets results."
Another attribute of these persons is that, generally, they never let you know what they are thinking.
Since the predominant quality here is receptiveness, like the nature of a mare, these persons will fare
best if they let others do the leading.
The south and west are the directions in which there are many people, and the places where things
are brought to fruition. The north and east are the directions from which orders emanate. Here, the
north and east are to be avoided, but following established paths will bring good fortune.
This hexagram is especially favorable for women. One born under this hexagram will be kind, gentle,
virtuous, and will marry a good man, with whom she can rear a fine family and have a good life.
Those born in the tenth month [November - December] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: What occurs is receptiveness (darkness, passiveness, smallness, weakness, openness,

femininity) at the feet (at the beginning, when young, early) and/or in the way of moving
(advancing).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) treading on hoarfrost.

The strong ice will come by and by."
JLK: If this is not already the case, one must concentrate on finding stability, and/or find better
conditions for what is at the center of the matter at hand.
This line may point to the fact that things are too passive and/or inactive (yin, female, small, weak,
dark, receptive, open) or trending towards this. In that case one has to look for what can give support
and/or stability.
Gathered sources: This refers to, like in nature, when after the summer (when the light is giving
power) the winter comes (the dark power, the shadowy, representing death, and openness). When
the first hoarfrost comes (in the autumn) the power of darkness is cold, and just at its beginning.

It indicates a gradual building up of things for better or for worse, like the ice gradually getting more
solid. The fact that the ice is gradually getting more solid can be to ones advantage or to ones
disadvantage.
If one needs support for moving forward (taking action, and/or transporting), such as a solid surface
that can hold ones weight, then the fact that the water is turning to ice, and/or the ice getting (more)
solid will be to ones advantage.
If one needs to develop (grow, and/or create) things, like when letting seeds mature and growing
crops, then one needs sun and warmth, and then the fact that the water is turning to ice, and/or the
ice getting (more) solid indicates that one is at a disadvantage, and that things will take much longer
than wished for.
General commentary
This is the lowest position in the earth, and indicates the beginning of growth.
~ Profile
This person will face many quandaries in life, and will have trouble learning how to make proper
decisions. He also will have to learn many lessons regarding patience and the length of time it takes
for seeds (ideas or actions) to mature, just as there is a natural interval between the first frost and
winter.
Care, caution, and the making of detailed observations will then become routine.
Most auspicious (in the best case): This person will be active and studious in childhood and through
his school years. He will probably stand high in his class, which will help him in his subsequent work
or position in life, and he will gain fame and fortune relatively early. This line is especially auspicious
for a child born in a positive month.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a tendency not to follow an accepted or proper way
of life. He will take advantage of people, especially through confidences, and will be easily angered
and highly susceptible to flattery. He is likely to be artful or villainous, and more likely to be notorious
than famous.
Slow growth is never wrong.
Whatever one has in mind, good or bad, will take a natural, steady course of development.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) receptiveness (darkness, passiveness,
smallness, weakness, openness, femininity) in (for, at, with) the calves, and/or ones impulses
(the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Receptiveness (darkness, passiveness, smallness, weakness, openness, femininity) is (was,

might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing
things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the orders being given by the regional
chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King (ruler, ruling consensus).
If it is (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed), the results will be good, and there will be
advantage.
One is being straight, square and Great.
Ones way of operating, without repeated effort (without repeatedly taking action), will be
advantageous in every respect."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, advantage is (was, might, or will be) occurring thanks to
refraining from repeating (and/or perpetuating) the action (and/or effort). It demonstrates the
greatness of the one (or that which is) occurring at the center of the issue at hand.
Gathered sources: Ones way of operating, "without repeated effort (without repeatedly taking action)",
shows the brilliant result of the way(s) of the earth (the receptive, small, weak, passive, yielding, dark,
unclear, or open).
"Straight...", indicates the correctness of the internal principle. "Square...", applies to the
righteousness of the external act. The symbol of Heaven is the circle, and that of the earth is the
square. The receptive accommodates itself to the qualities of the creative making them its own. Thus,
a square develops out of a straight line, and a cube out of a square. This is compliance with the laws
of the Creative. Nothing is taken away, nothing is added. Therefore the receptive has no need of a
special purpose of its own, nor of any effort. It lets everything turn out as it should.
Nature creates all beings without erring: one may call this "straightness". It is calm and still: one may
call this "four-squareness". It tolerates all beings equally: this must certainly be Greatness. Therefore
it attains what is right for all without artificial means or special intentions. Man achieves the height of
wisdom when all that he does is as self-evident as what nature does.
Thus, the superior one, in referring to the self, maintains inward correctness, and righteousness, and
he is able to adjust (his) external acts. Establishing ones references and correctness in this way, ones
virtues will come about in a wholesome way, and will not be solitary (occasional) instances, or of a
single class.
"One is being straight, square and Great. Ones way of operating, without repeated effort (without
taking action), will be advantageous in every respect", also shows how one has (should or will have)
no doubts as to what one does.
The second line is the ruler of the hexagram and hence holds within it all the most favorable portents.
It indicates that all is balanced and in order and therefore that one can achieve what one has set ones
heart upon.

~ Profile
This person will be highly developed spiritually, and will carry out the will of Heaven rather than his
own will. Working thus, his every thought and action will be furthered and blessed by Heaven, as long
as he does not try to override Heaven’s will.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a noble, broadminded and capable person, attaining a
high position in whatever work he chooses. He may serve some time in the government, and will be
very influential. His personal and professional life will be worthy of emulation by others
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be an honest man, respected by his peers, and will be
well known locally. He will have a reasonably good life, however he will be frequently restless.
With rectitude, unrestricted progress can be made.
Through inner correctness, all situations can be dealt with successfully today.

3
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) receptiveness (darkness, passiveness,
smallness, weakness, openness, femininity) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the
power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or application of the
laws to live by, and their influence on (their capacity to change, and/or transform) what is
(was, might, or will be) occurring.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) keeping ones (its) excellence under
restraint (and/or hidden), yet (while) firmly maintaining it.
One (it) will manifest it at the proper time.
The trial (the affair at hand) contains (has) a well-composed (beautifully created) whole, made
possible because of being in harmony with an inherent principle and silent consent.
Using the right time (the opportunity, season): this is what will allow for expansion (shooting
at ones goal from a solid base) indeed.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) having the occasion to engage in the King's
(government's) service; If this is the case, seek not (new, or other) work(s), but bring to
completion.
The completion is achieved while not accomplishing (new) things (oneself).
If one should have occasion to engage in the King's (government's) service, though one will
not claim the success, one will bring affairs to a success.
There is hidden excellence in the divination (the casting of the Yi Jing), as it is the case for
ones anticipating, firmness, and persevering.
Great is the glory of ones wisdom."
Gathered sources: Although one who (or that which) is depicted by this divided line has excellent
qualities, one (it) does not display them (yet), but keeps them under restraint (and/or hidden).
If one should engage with them in the King's (or government's) service, and be successful, one will
not claim that success for oneself: this is the way of the earth (the small, receptive, passive, yielding),
or of a wife, or a minister.
The way of the earth is: not to claim the merit of achievement, but, on behalf of Heaven, to bring
things to their proper issue and course.
If one is free of vanity one is able to conceal ones abilities and keep them from attracting attention too
soon. Thus, one is able to mature in an undisturbed way. If the conditions will demand it, one can
enter public life, as working in the King’s (the rulers’, or governor’s) service, but that too, one might do
this with restraint.
The wise, sage, and holy one gladly leaves fame to others. Such a person does not seek to credit to
oneself that which stands accomplished, but hopes to release active forces, completing what is
worked on in such a manner, that this may bear fruit for the future.
Under the present circumstances it is better to try to bring things to a certain amount of completion,
instead of trying to find new endeavors or start new works, while it is as equally important to realize
that no work is ever fully completed "to its end", or to be considered perfect. This is what allows the
spontaneous creation of a new demand.
Also, things will be completed while they are not accomplished by oneself (alone).

~ Profile
Humility, perseverance and patience are the qualities which will achieve the greatest success, under
this controlling line, when these are coupled with wisdom. Those especially favored will have these
qualities. Others born under this hexagram will learn to acquire them to a greater or lesser degree.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will become learned and well known, and perhaps even, by
dint of especial effort, become famous and achieve wealth at various times in his life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is likely to be cautious and somewhat dull, yet upright and
helpful in dealings with others. He will only have mediocre achievements.
Express humility and fortitude in relations with others.
Seek no glory for yourself. Make no display of talents or abilities.

femininity) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones
emotions).
Receptiveness (darkness, passiveness, smallness, weakness, openness, femininity) is (was,

might, or will be) occurring in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the
minister, the negotiator, the confidant, the one who is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or
reliability).
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) (like) a sack tied up; Like being enveloped or "bagged".
There is (was, might, or will be) no trouble to be blamed for.

Neither is there praise.
There is (was, might, will, or should be) silence (discretion, passiveness, and/or
receptiveness).
There will be no ground for either blame, nor praise;

There will be no mistake;
No error: this shows how, through carefulness, no injury will be experienced, or encountered."
JLK: The image of this line may indicate that the matter at hand will (somehow) be influenced by
(what is like) a sack (bag, and/or container), and/or it points to how what is at the center of ones
inquiry is merely like a closed sack (bag, and/or a container), and little more: it is not the essence of
what is important at present, but it will influence its outcome. The essence itself is left unknown
(darkened) from what is at hand, just like it can not be known from studying the sac (or container).
While nothing can be said about what's in the sac, one can anticipate about its qualities, nature,
and/or how it will influence things, by observing and studying all that preceded (as related to) the

"appearance" of the "sac", as well as all that surrounds the sac and that could have influenced what
went into it, what influences are operating on what is contained in the sac, and what might come out
of it (at some stage, in some form).
Additionally, the image of "a sack tied up" suggests that the matter at hand is (as) "in storage", and
that it will take some time to be unwrapped (clarified).
Depending on the context, it may point to what is like a womb storing a fetus, i.e. a "sack" holding
new life.
It may be an image related to the heart, as this is the 4th line which symbolizes the heart, and
emotions. More generally it may be related to the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household.
Gathered sources: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) like a closed sack (container):
nobody knows what’s inside.
The words: "A sack tied up" and "There will be no ground for either blame or praise...", are a lesson of
caution. As such, in many instances, that which is (was, might, or will be) occurring presently, is
expressed via the appearance of a "sack tied up", it be a cloth, a bag (like a sandbag, an air-, or
water-bag), a wrapping (words, an envelope) or the "skin of the body", as at the height of the hips.
The counter indication results in the image of "silence" (or discretion).
Thus, "a sack tied up" may indicate nothing can be known about the matter or situation at hand.
There is no way to look into "the sack" to learn what’s inside, or what it's 'meaning' is.
Through the changes and transformations produced by Heaven and earth, plants and trees grow
luxuriantly. If Heaven and earth were shut up and restrained, we should have the case of men of
virtue and ability lying in obscurity.
The element of darkness opens when it moves, and closes when it is at rest. Here, the (most) strict
(kind of) reticence and restraint is indicated.
The time is dangerous, due to the fact that any amount of prominence, Great action, or (even)
outspokenness (being outgoing) might either lead to the enmity of irresistible "antagonists" if one
challenges them, or to a kind of recognition that is misconceived, if one is complaisant, or
inappropriately subdued.
Thus, the transformations that are produced by (the forces of) earth and Heaven, bring forth a rich
abundance of "plants" (vegetation) and trees. But if these forces are not at work, or not apparent
(lying in obscurity), the Great Man avoids coming into the limelight (showing, or unveiling himself).
The implicit meaning of the comment is to be extremely cautious.
Therefore, one ought to maintain reserve, (even if) it be in solitude, or in the turmoil and presence of
the world, for there too, one is able to hide oneself so well, that no one would (have) come to know of
it.
Troublesome conditions seem imminent. By handling them quietly and with reserve (remaining open
and receptive) they can be overcome or avoided. The judicious exercise of wisdom and reserve
produces neither blame nor praise for the results achieved.
The original ideograms of the text of this line show female, uterine, protective pictures. The focus is
on a certain functional reality, as is the case for the 2nd line where the focus is on being "straight,
square and Great". A sack or an envelope contains things that are hidden. The intent and action
behind them is concealed, but full of possibilities. However, under the occurring circumstances the
advice is to avoid mistakes and be discrete (passive, receptive), and therefore leave those

possibilities stored up.
~ Profile
These persons will be diligent and responsible, and will be capable of becoming outstanding
executives. Since many difficulties will be encountered, great achievements are not presaged.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will attain a high and influential position, but will not attain
renown. His successes will be positive but limited in scope. He will have a generally favorable life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): This person will be a loyal, honest, sincere and reliable
individual. He will probably have a moderate or low income. His life also will be quite favorable.
When perplexed, exercise exceptional care and forethought.
Troublesome conditions may be close, but with forethought difficulties can be circumvented.

femininity) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions,
orders), and/or through (in) the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities,
and/or the ruling consensus), and/or through (in) the way one is nourishing (and/or taking
nourishment).

advantage.
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) a yellow lower garment (robe);
This is (was, might, or will be) indicating that there will be Great supreme good fortune."
JLK: In ancient China, a lower garment would typically consist of a kind of robe (or skirt, but here the
image of a long robe or skirt is the more accurate one).
Thus, this line may point to how, under the presently occurring circumstances, the direction one
(and/or things) is (are) moving, is unknown, or (relatively) difficult to anticipate and/or analyze. One
will have to do this by studying and/or relying on other things than the movement of the legs (and/or
of what would be the most obvious thing to look at).
Conversely and/or additionally, it may indicate that here, under the occurring circumstances, one
(what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should) moving in ways that are (were, might, will, or should be)
surprising (unexpected), but not necessarily impossible to anticipate if one uses less common
indicators (thinking "outside of the box" of what can be seen and/or understood at first sight).
This line may therefore hold the advice to hide the legs, i.e. to hide (limit, or restrain) the direction one

intends to move, and/or to study the direction things are moving in, by looking at less obvious
indicators (i.e. not the "legs"), and/or by anticipating (being cautious about) surprising moves.
Conversely and/or additionally, it may indicate that if the legs are hidden, this may be a problem or
could lead to problems (in some way).
The image of a "yellow lower garment" that hides the legs, also suggests that things are (were, might,
will, or should be) simple, elegant, balanced, and efficient. One can move in many different directions,
yet always with the kind of simplicity, elegance, balance, and efficiency, as observed in the yellow
robe and its use. Thus the image may hold the advice that for the matter at hand, it is (was, might, or
will be) necessary to present and/or view things in such a manner.
The "yellow lower garment" may also symbolize a (kind of) reward (prize) that one is (was, might, will,
or should be) able to wear in a highly dignified, brilliant, and/or successful manner.
This line may also hold the question for the matter at hand: If you can't see the legs (how they look,
what they're doing, when and how they're moving, and/or where they're moving towards), and/or if
you can't see under "the skirt" (robe), then what do you really know?
Or put simply: If you don't see (actually look at, and thus know) where things are going, or can go,
and/or if you don't see what things actually are, and instead only see what they (possibly falsely)
appear to be, then what do you know?
Gathered sources: The "yellow lower garment" will bring Great good fortune. This follows from the
fact that this ornamental color is being in the right and central place. Yellow is the color of the earth
and that which symbolizes virtuousness, reliability and that which is genuine. It represents "the
middle", and it is the usual color of the ancient Chinese Emperors.
This is also evoking richness, occurring below, such as gold or oil, as perceived at a "higher", or
superior place. It might also mean it is kept hidden, for superior reasons.
The superior one in the "yellow garment", which is of correct color, is possessed of comprehension
and discrimination. One occupies the correct position of supremacy, but that emblem applies to the
lower part of ones being, or person. Ones excellence is in the center of ones being, but it diffuses a
complacency over ones four limbs, and is manifested in the conduct of ones affairs: this is the
perfection of excellence, but is as well concerning an organizational principle.
Thus, the yellow garment may represent the inconspicuously decorated, as it is being the symbol of
aristocratic (social, academic, artistic, naturalist, or other) reserve and standing.
When anyone is called to work in a prominent, but not (necessarily) independent position, true
success will depend on the utmost discretion. Ones genuineness and refinement, here, should not
reveal itself directly, but should only be expressed indirectly, as (caused and) coming from within.
~ Profile
Yellow is the color of the golden mean, the earth, and of purity. It is a symbol of humility These
persons will be innately pure, inwardly strong, and will express humility, even when richly endowed
mentally, physically, and spiritually. They will possess an inner beauty, nurtured by an inherently noble
spirit.
That which they are inwardly will come into being and reach fruition outwardly, hence supreme good
fortune can be expected.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be noble, virtuous, helpful and beneficial to others, both

professionally and personally, and all possible good will be his for the taking.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be revered yet modest, achieving better than average
results, and wealth as well, along with a favorable reputation and a good life.
Intuitive receptivity makes for successful productivity.
Receptiveness coupled with intuitiveness, followed by quiet activity, can produce favorable results.

femininity) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
The fighting of dragons in the wild (in the meadow) results in blood which is (a blend of)
purple (black, blue), and yellow.
Fighting in the wild, the onward course is pursued to extremity (i.e. bloodshed, damage)."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, ones fighting (ones effort, ones insistence) causes damage
for both the bad and the good. It is a power-struggle.
The damage causes blood to flow that is a blend of bright and dark colors. This may indicate how for
the matter at hand different interests (life-force, resources) are at stake, of various (powerful) parties
(the dragons), and that these will be different for (and/or to) each of them.
The image of this line shows blood flowing as a result of a fight (conflict). This indicates both (all)
parties are wounded and hurt. This must be taken as a grave warning about the matter at hand. If
there is still time and opportunity one should better look for an alternative solution that will lead one to
avoid such damaging consequences.
This line also conveys something about fallacious notions such as "Make war to bring peace". Waging
war is no way to bring about peace. Being peace, "peacing" for peace, is what will bring about peace -
albeit only if all parties are treated with appropriate considerations.
Since this hexagram represents the earth, it indicates being receptive, passive, and following,
contrary to being active, creative, and taking the lead (and/or attacking). Therefore, this line may
advise to act (and/or anticipate) in accordance with these qualities. Instead of being like a fighting and
attacking dragon (and/or taking very vigorous action), it's time to return to a (more) receptive and
passive way of doing things. However, one may have to wait for the right opportunity to do this.
If the matter at hand does not show a return to a (more) receptive and passive way of doing things,
there will be difficulties and misfortune, and (more) "blood" will flow.
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, what is yin (the small, dark, inferior) is in a

disproportionate advantageous (high, strong) position, which can cause everything to turn into a
terrible disaster. Therefore, what is yang (the great, light, superior) must hold to, and enforce, what is
right with all its strength, and with utmost urgency and gravity.
What occurs is that what is yin (the small, dark, and/or inferior) is thinking him- (her- or it-) self equal
to what represents the yang (the light). There is sure to be a contest.
As if indignant at there being no acknowledgment of the yang line, avoiding to name (things) the
"femaleness" (receptiveness, passiveness, darkness, unclearness, or openness), the image of a
"dragon" is used.
Neither of the "dragons" appearing can leave his or her class, therefore, there is mention of "their
blood". The blood being both "purple and yellow" indicates the mixture of Heaven and earth. Heaven's
color is purple (blue), the earth's is yellow.
In the top portion, the energies and elements of the darkness (the earth, the smallness, the female,
the open, the weak, and the vulgar) should yield to those of the light (the creative, the male, the filling
and the strong). If for some reason, what is small attempts to maintain a position to which it is not
entitled, such as ruling instead of serving and helping, it draws upon itself the angry reaction of that
which is Great, light, and strong.
From such an attempt, a struggle will follow in which what is small will be overthrown sooner or later
anyhow. Yet this is capable of bringing major injury to both sides.
One dragon, symbolizing Heaven, comes to fight the (other) false dragon that symbolizes the inflation
of the earth principle. Midnight-blue is the color of the creative (Heaven). Yellow is the color of the
earth (also see appendix II). Therefore, when purple (or black) and yellow blood flow, it is a sign that
in this (unnatural) contest both (primal) powers or entities suffer injury.
Thus, in this sixth position, the Yin force has run to an extreme, and if it tries to lead and take the
place of a creative dragon (see the explanation of "dragon" at hexagram 1), the result will be
bloodshed and injury. Yin activity should remain receptive and responsive no matter how high it rises.
~ Profile
A person born with this controlling line will be inclined to lead, but if he notes the warnings given and
guides himself appropriately, even though it is likely to be difficult, he can be successful and avoid
serious injury.
Such a person may never have peaceful enterprises or great happiness, yet by virtue of possessing
qualities inherent in the hexagram he will be able to attain a full and rewarding life.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will achieve a high position, but unless he exercises humility
constantly he will become arrogant, always blaming others for mishaps or mistakes, and eventually
losing all he has gained.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will become a man of bad character, boastful, ostentatious,
unreliable, and changeable in thought and action. He will have many hardships.
Attempts to lead are dangerous when one is destined to follow.

Trying to lead today, unless directed to so do, could result in the failure of your efforts, and endanger
your enterprise.

Hexagram 3, the Difficulties at the Beginning (the Time to Grow, the Growing Pains)
- Tun (Chun)
The theme of this hexagram is that of the conditions when beginning something, and the difficulties
that occur at that time, as well as the time (and/or effort) it takes for things to grow.
The Image says:
"The difficulties at the beginning, the conditions at the beginning;

the sprouting; the time to grow; the growing pains:
Thunder under the clouds.

Thunder hidden in the water.
This is the image of the difficulties and conditions of growth at the (its) beginning.
Offering a sacrifice.
The difficulty at the beginning is the same as that of filling.
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) acting, figuring things out,
measuring, and putting things in their order, as when sorting the threads, webs and bonds of
what is maintaining, and influencing the situation.
JLK: The Great Man will be aware of the fact that it takes time and much effort for things to
become (and/or grow) truly great and accomplished.
This is why he will never stop to question (investigate, study, and/or research) things, even
when they seem understood and/or resolved.
He knows that some things can (and/or should) not be accomplished (done), and why.
He will (and/or should) not let go of what is (genuinely) valuable and good (for the matter at
hand), nor the valuable "sacrificial liquor" (valuable substance)."
JLK: Hex. 3, the Difficulties at the Beginning (the Time to Grow, the Growing Pains), shows the image
of water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) producing (containing,
and/or releasing) thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) at a lower location, and
thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) projecting (causing, and/or activating) water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) at a higher location. This is like the
(hidden, contained) liveliness of seed germinating, breaking open the earth, and manifesting at a new
and higher (superior) location (and/or in superior ways).
For growth to occur, certain things will (gradually) have to fall away (and/or be let go of), as
symbolized by inner hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling Away), so that new
things can come about. This is like a plant dropping parts of itself to let new growth occur, or like an
insect throwing off its cocoon or the shell it received at birth.
First there has to be a shock (arousal, awakening, ignition) (at a lower location) in order for growth to
occur (at a higher location). External manifestation of growth occurs in the form of liveliness (as
symbolized by the upper trigram the water), and things being stacked up and growing tough (as
symbolized by the upper inner trigram the mountain). This will then produce new shock (arousal,
awakening, ignition) (at a lower location), which will start a new cycle of growth.

Thus, this hexagram shows of a time of growth, and the difficulties (liveliness, incalculableness)
occurring at the beginning (at a low location, a lower level), and its consequences for how things will
be at the end (above, on a higher level).
Gathered sources: Doing something, always brings a difficulty, or circumstances that need
conditioning. Thus, the superior one brings order in the multitude of occurrences.
The original Chinese ideogram describing the word "tun", the name of this hexagram, shows what is
like a blade of (fresh) leaf of grass, a sprout or a seed (coming out of two seed lobes that are opening
up, and/or) pushing up against an obstacle, moving, and growing in, under, as well as through, the
earth, or what is small, dark, vulgar, unclear, open, receptive and female.
When the sprout has been able to take root (and find stability), the sprout (or leaf) breaks through the
surface (of the earth) and reaches the light.
Thus, it may depict the fragility (and the search for stability) of what is newly born, beginning, lively, or
incalculable. Like the thunder under the clouds: offering a sacrifice at the beginning.
JLK: "The Great Man will not let go of what is (genuinely) valuable and good (for the matter at hand),
nor the valuable "sacrificial liquor": this is a reference to the Judgment of hex. 51, the Thunder (the
Movement, the Arousing). The thunder is found here being the lower trigram of this hexagram.
What will be rightly (justifiably, correctly) preserved (saved, built, established) at the beginning (at the
basis), will determine the resulting liveliness and amount of difficulties (danger), or lack of these, at
the end (and/or at a higher location), which here is symbolized by the water, being the upper trigram.
The Judgment says:
"Difficulties at the beginning, conditions at the beginning, sprouting, time to grow, growing
pains:
Understanding (learning) about the conditions and circumstances these indicate will lead to
success and advantage.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) advancing, despite difficulties at the
beginning, through cooperation and perseverance in what is right.
It is not good to start something lightly.
JLK: When one is at the beginning, one must carefully weigh (understand) each new
opportunity that arises to attain what is right, and each new difficulty that could occur.
When at the end, one one must carefully weigh (understand) each opportunity that has arisen
or has been missed to attain what is right, and each difficulty that has been avoided or that
could have occurred.
It is (was, might, or will be) advantageous to establish a feudal prince (several princes, or
rulers, helping chiefs) on the basis of confidence, trust, and reliability."
JLK: In order to grow, one requires shock (arousal, awakening, consequences) at the basis (the feet,
the lower level, the beginning), resulting in liveliness (difficulties, the incalculable, the memory) at a
higher location (the body, the head, the completion). Vice versa, liveliness (difficulties, the
incalculable, the memory) produces shock (arousal, awakening, consequences) at a lower location.
One can understand (determine, anticipate) what one is dealing with, and/or what will happen, by
knowing the nature ("quality") of the shock (movement, arousal) that has occurred at the beginning
(and/or "below, at the basis), and the effects (consequences) it can expected to produce at the end

(and/or "above, as a ruling priciple). The effects of thunder (shock, movement, consequences), the
lower trigram, are incalculable, while vice versa, the incalculableness of the water (liveliness, danger,
the memory), the upper trigram, is also incalculable, and can either cleanse, nourish, or pollute.
Gathered sources: "It is advantageous to establish (a) feudal prince", indicates it is advantageous to
honor, and to receive the benefits of the receptiveness of a situation.
Times of growth are beset with difficulties. They resemble a first birth. But these difficulties arise from
the very profusion of all that is struggling to attain form. Everything is in motion: therefore if one
perseveres there is (was, might, or will be) a prospect of great success, in spite of the existing
danger.
When it's a man's fate to undertake such a new beginning, everything is still unformed, dark. Hence
he must hold back, because any premature move might bring disaster. Likewise, it is very important
not to remain alone, as in order to overcome the chaos he needs helpers. This is not to say, however,
that he himself should look on passively at what is happening. He must lend his hand and participate
with inspiration and guidance.
Commentary
Whenever Qian (the Heaven) and Kun (the earth) unite, offspring are produced in the mental,
physical and spiritual realms. These, like all progeny, need to be nurtured and cared for in infancy (at
the "beginning"), with righteous persistence, in order for them to become independent.
~ Profile
The kind of person depicted here is a superior man (or woman) who knows what to do and how to do
it with persistence and constancy. These individuals will bring new ideas into being, help whatever is
small to grow big, and do so using proper methods and principles. This type of leadership, which is
difficult to exercise, is productive of success, and will result in benefits, riches, and fame.
As a general guide, action will initiate inspiration.
Those born in the sixth month [July - August] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: Difficulties at the beginning (conditions at the beginning, time to grow, growing pains)
are (were, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (and/or in) the feet (in
the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or in the way of (and/or
when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
If they lead to what is (excessively) superior (Great), the results will be good, and there will be
advantage.
If they lead to what is (excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and there will be
misfortune.
There is (was, might, or will be) difficulty in advancing (moving ahead, progressing).
It is (was, might, or will be) helpful and advantageous to get settled, and/or to stay (find
stability).
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) like a huge (tough, or heavy) rock (something grown
hard and tough, the size of a ship), and/or a white-barked (white, or one-colored) willow (a tree,
an organism or organization, a system and/or organization of words).
The way of righteousness must be pursued, despite uncertainties and difficulties at the
beginning.
There is (was, might, or will be) no use in having a place to go to (to have, or fulfill a goal, aim,
or endeavor).
(Also,) it is (was, might, or will be) good if one is (was, might, or will be) applying the help of
others (someone else), and/or if one be made into a ruler (someone carrying responsibility) on
the basis of confidence, trust, and reliability (competence): look for reliability and
competence, and/or embody these.
When (some-) one who (or something which) is eminent joins (moves, or descends towards)
the others who are smaller (or inferior) he wins the hearts of all.
It will be advantageous to do the divination, to be anticipating, and to remain persevering, firm

and sincere."
JLK: This line indicates how what is (was, might, or will be) occurring at the beginning has grown
tough as a rock, and/or grown intertwined with "everything".
If what has grown this way is good (and/or right), then the results will be good. If not, there can be no
advantage.
Similarly, if from the outset (the beginning) one receives the help of what is eminent, not only will ones
heart be grateful, the results will be eminent. If the help one is (was, might, or will be) receiving is
mediocre, inferior (weak), or even evil, then the results will be in accordance with these.
For the matter at hand one should have the capacity to shock (awaken, arouse, cause movement and
consequences), as indicated by the fact that the lower trigram is the thunder. But this should never be
taken to the extreme, and/or done in ways that are inferior (weak, bad, evil).
Gathered sources: There is (was, might, or will be) difficulty in advancing (moving ahead,
progressing). This is resulting in hesitation and/or lingering. The situation is (was, might, or will be)
unsure. It will be advantageous to abide correctly and firm, while finding balance (stability), assuring
that things are reliable.
Also, it is (was, might, or will be) advantageous to establish (to install, to be, or to be made) a (feudal)

ruler, based on confidence, trust, competence and reliability, and/or to apply the help of others: using
and/or overseeing the help of others like a (competent and reliable) feudal ruler.
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) like a huge (tough, or heavy) rock (the size of a ship), and/or a
white-barked (white, or one-colored) willow (a tree). Together, these can be indicating (what are as)
territorial (earth "born", "given", "produced", or bound) signs or signposts (markers, or reference
points), and/or familiar (custom, household, family, or clan-possessed, dominated, managed, or
organized) lands (territory, property, or claims).
It is (was, might, or will be) "helpful and advantageous to get settled, and/or to stay", to be well
positioned, and to establish (notice, or mark) territorial rights.
The ancient original Chinese ideogram used for "settling", or "staying" (which this line recommends to
do, or indicates will happen), is "ju". It depicts an abode, "a place to remain", and/or a place to be
sheltered, as when standing on a huge rock, while being sheltered - from what comes from above, as
well as from the left, or "yin" side - thanks to a "one-colored" tree, "flag", "organized" surface, or field,
or while standing (positioned) on one specific side, or in one specific way or position, protected and
safe, or on the alert.
When (some-) one is (was, might, or will be) encountering a hindrance or difficulties at the beginning
of an enterprise, one should not try to be forcing an advance, but take enough pause, and take
thought. However, nothing should put one off ones course (direction, or aim). One should persevere
and constantly keep the goal in sight.
In order to overcome the difficulties it is important and might be necessary to seek out and find the
right assistants (ministers, or advisors). But one can only succeed at this, if one will avoid (ones)
arrogance, while associating with others in a spirit of humility, and by going out. Only this way, can
one attract those who will be able to help in an adequate way, and in (or with) time, to combat the
difficulties.
Thus, it is (was, might, or will be) obligatory to be sensible, and look for help from those "above"
(those who are Great, or superior, and considering - anticipating, capable to overcome the situation -
of the yin line in the 2nd place), and to set up or be like a "feudal" ruler (prince, or government, based
on, and worthy of confidence, trust and reliability).
This line is a ruler of the hexagram. It stands at the beginning which indicates that the difficulties at
the beginning - at present, under the occurring circumstances - remain unsolved (albeit this can be
temporary, if appropriate change occurs).
In the situation as depicted by this line nothing can be solved and accomplished swiftly (immediately,
suddenly, or urgently). The confusion (disorder, unstableness, and/or difficulties) must be resolved
gradually [JLK: if there is a realistic and practical possibility to resolve things in sight - in some cases
the difficulties at the beginning might have been too great to leave much room for improvement]. The
character and the position of this line show the right way to attain this goal. It depicts who (or what) is
by nature light, firm, Great, creative, and active, hence eminent, and (as such) placing oneself (itself)
below those depicted by the weak yin lines, who (which) cannot help themselves (itself).
To be ruling while (yet) serving (or "being of service") is a secret of success that may be particularly
relevant under the present circumstances. The one who rules (the "Great one") secures the
cooperation of the others (the people, the crowds), by working (together) with those who are put
under his guidance.
This line (and those or that which is depicted by it) is the efficient helper needed to overcome
obstacles in times of difficulty at the beginning. If the helper is not competent, then the difficulties at
the beginning will be too great to overcome. On the other hand, if the right helper is found, success
will follow.

~ Profile
The actions and character demanded of this person are of the highest quality and strength. Very few
will be able to meet these arduous demands. The beginning of anything holds the seed of all that is to
follow. What happens at the beginning will largely determine the degree of success or failure later.
Life will not be easy for those with this controlling line. Fortunately, these persons are innately
endowed with the qualities necessary for coping with whatever faces them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will achieve greatness in his position or enterprise, but this will
be precarious. While results will be attained, nothing will be easy, either in his personal or his
professional life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): Basically, he will be an honorable man, but likely to be quite
suspicious of others and frequently indecisive, resulting in few or no achievements.
When starting something new, seek cooperation.
A precarious situation may be developing. Secure the cooperation of others.

2
"JLK: What occurs are (were, might, will, or should be) difficulties at the beginning (conditions
at the beginning, time to grow, growing pains) in (for, at, with) the calves, and/or ones
impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Difficulties at the beginning (conditions at the beginning, time to grow, growing pains) are
(were, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of)
managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the orders being given by
the regional chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King (ruler, ruling consensus).
If they lead to what is (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed) and alert, the results will be
good, and there will be advantage.
If they lead to what is (excessively) impulsive ("jumpy"), and/or too slow (sluggish), the results
will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
Back and forth, hither and tither.

Undecidedness (and/or uncertainty) can mean there is (was, might, or will be) no progress.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) unhitching the horse from the wagon
(parking the carriage).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not a robber (an attacker, and/or one who
has bad intentions) but wishing to be (like) a bridegroom who loves the maiden.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) riding a team of horses of variegated
(many different, bright) colors (several different characters, virtues or abilities): displaying the
right (noticeable, or significant) qualities.
The maiden has lost her veil but remains modest.

The (right) man will woo at the right time without obstacle."
Gathered sources: The complex imagery of this line indicates that one (or what occurs) is (was,
might, or will be) advancing, but still facing many difficulties and uncertainties, and/or undecidedness
(as a consequence). On the one hand one (who is at the center of what is occurring) is dealing with
the issue of how to display sincerity (qualities, virtues and/or strength), while on the other hand one
(or the other) has to decide if certain offers or opportunities should be accepted or not (for the time
being).
It can be that one neither knows nor recognizes the right course to pursue, wandering in various
directions in ones efforts to find the correct path. It may seem as if no progress is made.
Then, suddenly there is a turn of affairs, as if someone were coming up unhitching the horse (or
leading the horse away) from the wagon. This event comes so unexpectedly that we assume the
newcomer to be a robber (an attacker) and/or not to have (entirely) good intentions.
The image of unhitching the horse from the wagon may point to how a vehicle (and/or that which is
used to move oneself or things) is being "parked" (put in storage) and/or led away (passed on, and/or
discarded). What is at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, will, or should be) associated
with this.
On the other hand, there is also the image of one who is riding a team of horses of many qualities.
The situation may appear quite adverse, similar to that of a man wooing a maiden only to find she is
committed to someone else, and/or has lost her veil, the symbol of purity and correctness. The truth
is, however, that she is merely in a situation that is beyond her control.
Conversely, one (what occurs, that which is at the center of ones inquiry) might be in the situation of a
maiden who is not to accept the offers of a man she doesn't know.

The situation looks dire, but is not in reality what it seems on the surface. In due course one will see
things for what they are, and one will then be able to proceed without encountering obstacles. It will
be similar to a chaste maiden who at first does not commit herself, but after ten years (a long time)
will.
The image points to the fact it only becomes gradually clear that the one who (or that which) is the
cause for the unhitching (or leading away) of the horse, seeks to be friendly and to offer help, to the
extent of a man who wishes to marry and love a maiden. But this offer is not to be accepted, because
it does not come from the right quarter. One must wait until an appropriate length of time is fulfilled
(ten years is a fulfilled cycle of time). Then normal conditions return of themselves, and one can join
forces with the (right) friend (lover, or companion) intended for one, and/or in the right way.
One image that is associated with the original texts for this line is that of a team of four horses of
variegated (many different, bright) colors, and someone who is either mounted on such a team of
horses or on a dappled or piebald horse (i.e. of many colors). In ancient China, a man riding a single
dappled horse was a an everyday occurrence, but a man riding a team of four horses of many
different colors or decorated with many bright colors, would make a dramatic, impact-full and highly
symbolic appearance at a bridal or marriage ceremony. The text mentions that one is (or should be)
"not a robber (an attacker, and/or one who has bad intentions) but wishing to be a bridegroom". It's
easy to tell that a man who comes with such an unusual team of horses, and/or who is making such
an unusual display of sincerity, is not a robber and/or is not having bad intentions.
In the situation at hand (that which is at the center of ones inquiry), the advice of the line for those
who are in a position of taking action, is to be like the man riding a team of variegated horses,
displaying great sincerity, competence and commitment. Yet one will have to face the possibility that
one is not wooing the right maiden, that she is not (yet) ready for commitment, and/or that one has to
give things (ample) time.
Conversely, the maiden who is wooed at, does (and should) not commit herself at present.
Using the image of a betrothed girl who remains true to her lover in face of grave conflicts, the
hexagram gives counsel for a special situation: when in times of difficulty a hindrance is encountered
and unexpected relief is offered from a source unrelated to us (even if it occurs in a spectacular way),
we must be careful and not take upon ourselves any obligations entailed by such help, otherwise our
freedom of decision is impaired. If we bide our time, things will quiet down again, and we shall attain
what we have hoped for.
~ Profile
The individuals depicted by this line will have many trials and tribulations in early life, but through
diligent and persistent effort they will eventually find the right and successful way.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will experience much solitude and will receive no help in the
early part of his life. Later, the situation will reverse itself. He will achieve fame on a local basis, and
modest riches. The latter part of his life will be happy.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be too ambitious, and will not wait for the right time to
act. This impatience and rashness will be resented, so he will run into much opposition and achieve
but little. His morals may also be questionable.
"Laissez-faire" (letting things be) can often be employed to advantage.

If difficulties are being encountered, wait for conditions to return to normal before taking further action.
at the beginning, time to grow, growing pains) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the
If they lead to what is (excessively) free (unlimited) yet avoiding danger (difficulties,
entrapment), the results will be good, and there will be advantage.
If they lead to what is (excessively) restrained (limited) and/or leading to danger (difficulties,
entrapment), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
When pursuing a deer in the forest, without a guide (and/or gamekeeper), a hunter is likely to
find himself lost.
The superior one discerns the situation and desists from going forward, since so doing would
lead to needless troubles.
To go on (forwards) (like this) will bring regrets and humiliation."
Gathered sources: Here, one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) pursuing or hunting the
deer without the guidance of the forester (or without a strong and reliable guiding principle). One does
so due to one's eagerness to follow the game, or to be obtaining results. Acting in this way will only
lead one to lose ones way. When one finds oneself in difficulties, one must not try to steal out of them,
unthinkingly, without guidance. Fate can not be duped. Premature effort, without the necessary
guidance, will end in failure and disgrace.
JLK: Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may point to the fact that one is hunting (pursuing a
goal), but without keeping the right oversight of things, and/or without using the right method and/or
strategy (related to looking over things, finding ones way, and/or seeing "the big picture" or its many
intricacies). This may be due to the fact that one lacks adequate help, and/or due to hunting at the
wrong time, in the wrong way, and/or with the wrong tools for the occurring circumstances. It might be
that under the presently occurring circumstances, it's not right to be hunting (pursuing a particular
goal that would nourish or be of benefit) at all, although this will depend on the extent to which one
manages to find appropriate help in order to be guided in the right way, and appropriately deal with
the terrain (field, or domain) one is venturing on.
Gathered sources: The superior one, discerning the seeds of what is upcoming, prefers to renounce a
wish rather than provoke failure and humiliation by trying to force its fulfillment.
Thus, he gives up the chase, pursuit, or hunt, knowing that if he go forward he will regret it; One
would be reduced to having to deal with a radical or extreme situation.
JLK: The image of the line shows that there is (what is like) a deer in the forest, which means there is
- indeed - an opportunity to be seized. Unfortunately, at the same time one lacks the right oversight
(or other critical condition that has to do with it), and could benefit from finding appropriate help, such
as a guide and/or manager.
Thus, alternatively, this line may hold the advice to look for help from someone who is (like) a
genuinely competent guide (forester), and/or manager (gamekeeper), and/or to improve ones
oversight of things, guiding principles, and/or timing. To proceed blindly (and/or without

acknowledging one requires some form of help) will result in regrets. Therefore, the superior one
adapts his plans appropriately, and/or will find someone who (and/or that which) can help him find his
way and/or with overseeing things.
Since there may be an issue with the timing of things, it might not be wrong for the superior one to
postpone or even cancel his plans. Consulting the Yi Jing may let one find the guidance one requires
at present.
General comment
This line shows that by not acting properly one can get into difficulties. Great care and caution are
suggested.
In a general way, there are four types of individuals, namely, (1) the wise and energetic, (2) the wise
and lazy, (3) the foolish and lazy, and (4) the foolish and energetic. It is of these last that one must be
wary, and they, for themselves, must exercise great care in order to be successful. It is this fourth type
that is symbolized here, with the warning that they should take their time and become wise before
(wrongly) releasing the energy they possess, i.e. through diligence and care to advance from
category (4) to category (1). The potential is there. It can be worked on, and some of these persons
will do so.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a superior person, knowing when and how to act at all
times, thereby achieving successes. Also, acting thus he will avert troubles.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will move from place to place searching for the right work
and associates, but never truly finding them.
Inexperience can be dangerous.
Beware of inexperience or a tendency towards rashness. It would be easy to lose your way today.

4
at the beginning, time to grow, growing pains) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones
kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
Difficulties at the beginning (conditions at the beginning, time to grow, growing pains) are
(were, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of negotiation and
trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant, the one who is trusted, ones
trustfulness and/or reliability).
If they lead to what is (excessively) well directed (stable), the results will be good, and there
will be advantage.
If they lead to what is (excessively) confused (unstable), the results will be bad, and there will
be misfortune.
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like horses (or a horse, that which
drives the forward movement) of a chariot (or vehicle) that are (or that is) retreating.
Indecisive, trotting to and fro, one is (was, might, will, or should be) waiting for marriage
(starting a relation or association).
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) riding a team of four (several)
horses of variegated (many different, bright) colors (several different characters, virtues or
abilities): one is taking control and seizing the right moment with the right (and noticeable, or
significant) means.
It is good to be striving for union;

Pray for a marriage (a long-term relation, or association), and/or enduring love.
Retreating need only be temporary and in the end doesn't exclude union.
Advancing (to go forward) is (was, might, or will be) bringing good fortune.
Everything will without doubt turn out in an advantageous way."
Gathered sources: On one hand one (or what occurs) is (or should be) like a retreating horse, while
on the other hand one is (or should be) as mounted on a horse of many colors (or decorated with
many colors), or riding a team of (several) horses of many different colors (and/or shapes), indicating
one is of a certain stature and accomplishment and displaying this, yet at the same time one is being
hesitant and/or in retreat.
One searches for union, while being indecisive, yet one is a candidate (or has a proposition, offer)
worthy of being noticed. Going forward after such a search for help shows intelligence.
This is (was, might, or will be) the time to act (with responsibility) for (the blessings of) union and
marriage. However, one may face a temporary retreat or hesitancy.
This may point to a situation in which it is (was, might, or will be) ones duty to act, but one faces the
problem that one is (was, might, or will be) lacking the power (and/or swiftness) to do this adequately,
and/or that it is not (yet) the right time (and/or that the circumstances are not right).
However, in the end, there is (was, might, or will be) an opportunity to make (the) connections
(offered, proposed) which must (had to) be seized. Neither false pride nor false reserve should deter
one from acting firmly and with sincerity.
Bringing oneself to take the first step, is (was, might, or will be) a sign of inner clarity, even when this
involves a certain amount of self-abnegation, humbling and/or retreat. Help accepted under these
circumstances, is not a disgrace. If one finds the right kind of help, all will go well.
For the explanation of the image of the horse or team of horses "of variegated colors" see the

commentary to the 2nd line of this hexagram. Here, the horse or team of horses of variegated colors
may also indicate several different characters, virtues, or abilities.
General comment
One should seek to associate with a wise and clever man, or to join an enterprise in a propitious
situation. Through thus uniting, one will be able to overcome one's difficulties and have one's wishes
fulfilled.
~ Profile
The fourth line of a hexagram is the higher position of man, and one born under this line should
normally be firm, positive, persevering and correct. The Yin line here is weak and not in the proper
place, hence at the start this man is indecisive, and hesitates. In this situation it is right that he do so,
until he finds the right person or situation to unite with (symbolized by the marriage). Once this is
done he will be working in harmony with the will of Heaven, because of the Yang line immediately
above, and good fortune and success will then be attained.
Most auspicious (in the best case): This man's early life will be spent in the search for an association
with one of superior talents. Eventually he will meet a person in an authoritative position who will
recognize his merits and appreciate him. He will then rise to a high position and achieve success.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may remain indecisive through timidity and lack of courage,
never becoming independent. He will have a tendency to wander, in both his private and his public
life, even though superior persons may try to help him.
Act only when you feel intuitively that the time is right.
Further hesitation will get you nowhere. Diligently pursue that which you know intuitively to be right.

5
at the beginning, time to grow, growing pains) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in,
with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in) the way things are managed (at
large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus), and/or through (in) the way
one is nourishing (and/or taking nourishment).
If they lead to what is (excessively) supportive (sympathetic) and/or overcoming conflict

(being knowledgeable, full of experience, practical), the results will be good, and there will be
advantage.
If they lead to what is (excessively) authoritarian (repressive) and/or foolish (ignorant, lacking
experience, impractical), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
There are (were, might, or will be) difficulties in bestowing (and vice versa: receiving) what is
expected (or with the way that what is bestowed is, was, might, or will be expected and
received);
There are (were, might, or will be) difficulties in receiving the rich blessings and/or favors.
Like when ascending the steps: it is good to go on step by step.

One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) (at) (the) sprouting (growing at young, or at
the beginning) (of) ones riches.
To put aside fat meat: this can be good for someone who is small (and/or who is not using
great strength), but is not good for who is Great (and/or who is using great strength).
A little divination, perseverance, and anticipation will bring Great fortune;

In (relation to) small things the oracle is favorable
A Great amount of divination, perseverance and anticipation will bring misfortune;
In (relation to) Great things the oracle is disastrous (full of misfortune).
With firmness and correctness there will be good fortune in small things;
But even (in accordance with them), as such, in Great things there is (was, might, or will be)
misfortune (peril difficulties), resulting in evil."
Gathered sources: Difficulty is experienced in bestowing (ones) richness and favors, and/or in having
these bestowed on one. The extent to which they reach the receptor will not yet be conspicuous, fully
clarified, or clarifying by itself.
This is like when one is in a position where it is difficult, or impossible to express ones good intentions
in such a way that they will be fully understood, or for them to take (a certain) shape. This can be
caused by other people interposing and distorting everything that one does. At such times it is best to
do things step by step, cautiously proceeding.
There is a proper time (moment), position, or ratio for all things. Under the occurring circumstances
this is (was, might, or will be) the appropriate time (moment) for the young and beginning, and (as a
consequence, relatively) small (weak, passive, receptive, dark, or open), whereas it is not an
appropriate time for the Great (strong, creative, active, or filling).
People (those who are) in positions of authority (or superiority) should bestow favors in minor ways,
quietly. Then, this will not cause problems. Those who (will) insist on the Grand gesture will stir up
resentment (and will be loathed).
Thus, alternatively and/or additionally, the occurrence of this line may indicate (some-) one (who is in
a position of superiority and/or authority, the ruler, or prince, and) who is (was, might, or will be) not
doing enough good (things, or not doing them adequately enough) in relation to ones position, or
situation.

It is not the moment to force completing a Great undertaking, although it is good to "consume" (within,
or by what is small), because success is only possible if enough general confidence (momentum) is
available. Only faithful and conscientious work, carried on unobtrusively, step by step, will allow for
the situation to gradually clear up, and for the hindrances to disappear.
A little divination will help, a lot will bring difficulties. In small things there can be fortune, in Great
things there can be misfortune and disastrous results.
~ Profile
This man's character is not sufficiently expansive to bring great results from his actions.
This is the ruling line of the hexagram, which is normally an indication of auspiciousness.
Unfortunately, the individual symbolized here is still relatively weak in overall growth, especially in
intelligence and character. He will have good potential for growth, but for the most part will lack the
experience to be able to cope with, and successfully overcome, major difficulties.
Consequently, if he stays within proper limits for himself he can be successful to a modest degree. On
the other hand, if he becomes pushy and tries to force results in other than small matters, he will
experience misfortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will know how to cooperate with others, as well as how to act
independently. He will achieve some small successes, local. fame, and some wealth.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may be over ambitious without possessing adequate
experience or making necessary preparations, and as a result meet with misfortune, unless through
diligence he becomes wise enough to change his ways and character.
As far as possible be impartial.
Stay within your limits, as discovered from previous experience. Favorable results can be had if care
is used.

6
at the beginning, time to grow, growing pains) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling
principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
If they lead to what is (excessively) wise (correct), and if their application is right, the results
will be good, and there will be advantage.
If they lead to what is (excessively) unwise (flawed), and/or if their application is wrong, the
Horse and chariot (a team) part. Bloody tears flow.
JLK: Flawed (immature) wisdom, and/or arrogance (exclusivism, and/or vexatiousness), leads
to separation (division); Separation (division) results in sadness."
JLK: If one is (was, might, or will be) doing things in ways that are too flawed (immature, wrong,
and/or inadequate), for too long, it is unavoidable that there will be (literally) "tears of blood". These
may occur in the form of deep sadness (mentally, emotionally, and/or spiritually), but here they may
also indicate that blood is (was, might, or will be) actually flowing physically, and/or that there will be
physical damage, and/or destruction of goods (wealth, resources).
If there there is still time, one must intervene as best as one can to avoid possible negative
consequences related to the (family, work, or business) relation(s) (association, or lack of it) at the
center of (and/or associated with) the issue at hand. If not, what will follow will be accompanied by
"bloody tears" (and/or deep sadness).
The bloody tears occur related to the separation of (what is like) horse and chariot, a team, i.e. two or
more parties (entities) that should (and could) work together, if the conditions and timing would be
right. Alternatively, the issue at hand blocks or resolves around a seperation between "horse" and
chariot" (wagon, truck).
If one chooses to separate (and/or distinguish) oneself from the other(s) (the "chariot", a team) for
reasons that are (excessively) flawed (immature, wrong), and/or in ways that are (excessively)
flawed, harsh (severe), bitter, sad, arrogant, hateful, evil, and/or (otherwise) wrong, one necessarily
attracts negative consequences that are bound to end with one having to suffer physical, material,
mental, and/or spiritual damage.
The reason why one is (was, might, or will be) separating oneself, closing oneself off, and/or shunning
the other(s), may be related and/or due to feeling "superior", "better", "exclusive", and/or otherwise
more important than, and/or to be distinguished from the other, and/or because one can not obtain
what one wishes from the other, and/or due to laziness, cowardice and/or other inferior reason(s),
which ultimately all form a wrong basis (foundation) for doing things, as all is related, somehow,
anyway, and one thing leads into the other.
These attitudes are typically a result of flawed memories, understandings, and/or sympathetic
resonance, as symbolized by the upper trigram of the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the
incalculable, the memory).
If one is dealing with such a person, one must acknowledge (and/or accept) that he or she
necessarily sooner or later attracts ones (own) ire (anger) and/or that of others, and/or makes
retaliation (and/or self-defense) unavoidable.
If there's no more hope left, no (genuine) clarity (intelligence, wisdom), no light, and no love, then the
result is violence and/or death (an ending), accompanied by "bloody tears", i.e. hurt and suffering,
either physically, materially, and/or in various immaterial ways, mentally, and spiritually.
This line occurs in the 6th position, which represents the head, the leader, and/or the leading

principle. Here lack of wisdom, attention, love, courage, and/or honesty (with others, and/or oneself)
is (was, might, or will be) leading to grave disturbances and/or failures, which will (or did) have
dramatic, or even tragic results. The lack of wisdom and the resulting incorrect leading principles are
a direct result of "the difficulties at the beginning", i.e. inexperience, the folly of youth (immaturity),
and/or erratic individuals.
The "site of Yin" text of the Yi Jing depicts how the chariot is unhinged (separated) from a team of four
horses of "variegated colors", similar to those appearing in the 4th line. This results in the image of
two separations: that of the horses and chariot, and that of the team of four horses being separated
from each other.
The "variegated" (many different, bright) colors symbolize several different characters, virtues or
abilities), and may symbolize how the horses come from different regions (the four directions of the
compass).
From this, one may take the advice that to remedy (and/or avoid) the situation, one must bundle
forces (be supportive and sympathetic, associate), across all bounderies, limits, partisanship,
religious, familial, and/or sexual bias. Yet this should occur with brightness (clarity, wisdom,
intelligence, avoiding exhaustion and/or draining ones energies), and in ways that are known to work,
which have been thoroughly tested and/or thought over (and adequately reconsidered).
To do this successfully, ones wisdom (and/or the rules one chooses to follow) must be (truly) flawless
(and mature), one must be "true as gold", and as "impartial as yellow" (symbolizing the color of "the
middle ground", a piece of earth to serve all). If one asks too much of the other, the lack of balance
will necessarily bring difficulties (danger).
The image of the team of "variegated" horses being separated may also indicate how the one at the
center of the matter at hand has superior (and/or "colorful") qualities, but ones team mate(s) fail to
notice and/or reward this. This then will (also) lead to "tears of blood" (sadness). The opposite may
also be true where one fails to recognize and/or reward the qualities of the other(s). To understand
more about the matter at hand and which of either is the case, one must carefully study what ruling
principles (wisdom) one (and/or the other) is (was, might or will be) following, or on the contrary, what
one refuses to follow (while one should), and what is (was, might, will, or should be) genuinely right.
This line is also the top line of the upper trigram, the water. Line 6 of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger,
the Liveliness), shows how one ends (as) imprisoned within "thorn-hedged walls". This is because
one is (was, might, or will be) compromised by what is weak (small, inferior, receptive, female). One
must compensate for this by not only being virtuous, but practical as well, before it's too late.
It is only by remaining conscious of these dangers that mistakes will be avoided.
Thus, depending on the context, this line may hold the advice to appreciate ones own qualities
(and/or worth), but to stand (to be, to live) amongst others based on fair grounds, to be sympathetic
and supportive (forming an excellent "team") without self-agrandisement, and/or to value the qualities
each has to offer in a sound way, without being (unjustifiedly) exploited, and/or abused oneself. If
such a balance is not possible for the relationship one has with the other(s), it be due to ones own
flaws or those of the other(s), then one has to face the consequences of this and adapt accordingly.
It may hold the advice that in order to avoid "tears of blood", the one (those, or that which is) at the
center of the matter at hand must follow superior wisdom, and not fall in the trap of flawed (immature,
and/or deluded) ideas (beliefs), especially when those ideas (beliefs) are paired with rejection (and/or
condemnation) of the other(s). One must choose for what is right (truthful) and balanced (fair, and/or
equitable).
Gathered sources: This line holds little opportunity for further advancement. Hence there is
considerable consternation, concern and sadness.

The sixth line is the line of denouement. It is beyond the crest of the wave. The team - symbolized by
the horse and chariot - is left separated and/or isolated, meaning that whatever action was intended
did (might or will) not go through.
A thwarted relation (marriage), or even death might account for the grief equated with weeping blood.
The circumstances of this line are in sharp contrast to those of the 2nd line, where there is also talk of
a horse and wagon parting, but which is related to both the 1st and the 5th line, and therefore the one
or those (or that which is) depicted by it only have to avoid a false (or inappropriate) tie. The
circumstances are also in contrast to those of the 4th line where the one or those (or that which is)
depicted by it correspond (communicate) with the one or those (or that which is) depicted by the 1st
line, finding in it a suitable tie.
On the other hand, those who are depicted by the top line, do not respond to (or communicate with)
those of the third line and are separated and/or isolated. The fifth line is limited and those depicted by
it cannot be of any help, so no one comes to the rescue of those (the team, or either one of the team)
depicted by the 6th line.
This is why what is indicated by the upper trigram, i.e. the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the
incalculable, the memory) manifests itself (also) in tears and blood.
Here, the difficulties of the beginning seem insurmountable. Thus, continuing only leads to misfortune.
The one way to survive this bad time is by cautiously and prudently changing oneself. Change does
not come by sitting around crying.
Thus, this line may also point to an individual for whom the difficulties of the beginning are too great.
One gets stuck and never finds ones way out. One folds ones hands and gives up the struggle.
Such a resignation is the saddest of all things.
Confucius says about this line: "Bloody tears flow: one should not persist in this".
The fact that one should quickly introduce a change is illustrated by the fact that this sixth line will,
with time, change from a yin into a yang line, thereby changing the top trigram Kan, the water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), into Sun, the wind (the wood, the
organizing, the softly penetrating), which overcomes the standstill through its qualities, which may
result in things being dispersed and/or appropriately organized, depending on the situation.
JLK: Still, even in that case, if this is the only strong line obtained for the matter at hand, the result will
be hex. 42, for which the 6th line shows problems related to (the lack of) sharing and/or to being of
(mutual) service, which will result in an attack (serious difficulties).
General comment
Symbolically, this person (or that which occurs) has advanced too far, without being adequately
prepared. It is like going into battle with poor equipment so that ones horses become separated from
the chariot. Naturally, bloody tears will flow.
~ Profile
These conditions are paralleled in this man’s life. He should never go so far in any one direction that
there are no alternative possibilities, or blood and tears will ensue.
A person born with this controlling line will probably have a very unfavorable life, unless taught the
right path, and unless, through his personal efforts and will, he manages to overcome the power of
fate.

Most auspicious (in the best case): Even the most auspicious omens are not good. It will be a life of
hardships and difficulties, with constant dilemmas as to when and how best to act. No fame, and little
fortune, is indicated.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a poor marriage and family life, and may suffer a
disabling injury and/or imprisonment.
Overstepping limits will prove disastrous.
Take heed, and make no moves. One should never go so far that one becomes isolated. This may be
a very difficult day.

Hexagram 4, Hidden Liveliness (The Young Fool, Ignorance)
- Meng (Mêng)
This theme of this hexagram is liveliness (life, the incalculable, danger, perils, difficulties, an abyss)
manifesting itself in a way that is hidden or unseen, or that is at an early stage. This can then result in
the liveliness of (someone who is as) a young (and often foolish, and/or ignorant) child, or (in general)
a lack of understanding of the hidden liveliness (incalculableness, danger, perils, or difficulties), which
can make one look (or be) like a fool (and/or an ignorant one).
The Image says:
"the hidden liveliness; the hidden incalculableness; the hidden danger (or difficulties);
the occult; the obscure; the young fool; foolishness; youthful folly;
the youthful and inexperienced; the ignorance of youth;
the mingling or mixing when young (foolish, inexperienced, and/or erratic);
the mingling at an early stage; hidden danger(s);
the inadequate (impertinent, abusive, erratic, ignorant) inquiry:
The water under the mountain.

The mountain above the water.
The water at the foot of the mountain.
The mountain, and beneath it a spring issuing forth.
JLK: The water under the mountain, or at its foot: the water gradually eroding (and/or
changing) the mountain.
The mountain (that which is added up and growing tough, immobile) is (was, might, or will be)
moved into an incalculable amount of unpredictable directions (as) by the water.
Out of (from under, below, or hidden by) what is (or seems) immobile (stacked up, rested,
while moving, moved, pushing, or pushed around) comes something lively, incalculable,
dangerous (perilous, difficult), explosive (shocking, awakening), and/or dark.
This is the image of the hidden liveliness (the occult, the obscure), the restraining of what is
incalculable, and/or young and foolish (youthful foolishness, ignorance, and/or inexperience),
the mingling (or mixing) when young, the mingling at an early stage, and/or the inadequate
inquiry: while one is growing (learning, awakening), one is confronted by what is hidden and
incalculable.
To get in touch with the origin; Getting in touch with what starts (what lies at the beginning).
The superior one, according to this, is (was, might, will, or should be) striving to be resolute in
conduct, nourishing his own (and individual) virtue.
The Great Man will nourish his virtue by determined, good behavior. He knows that his good
fortune depends on his sincerity, and his persevering in what is right. He knows that it is the
young, the unaware, the ignorant, the inexperienced, and/or erratic, who run the Greatest risk
to undergo (undeserved) misfortune; But he also knows that those who are impertinent or
without sincerity, are soliciting for it.

He will hide (retire, withdraw) his purpose (intention, and/or insight), so that his purpose will
(ultimately) become clear (when the time is right)."
JLK: Hex. 4, Hidden Liveliness (The Young Fool, Ignorance), shows the image of water (liveliness,
difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) below a mountain (the immobile, what is rested,
what is stacked up and grown tough, information). This is like the incalculableness that can be hidden
in, and/or manifested by what is stacked up and looks immobile (rested), and that can express itself
with a shock (as symbolized by the thunder, occurring as the lower inner trigram). It can result in (be
the cause of) youthful folly (ignorance, inexperience), or may show an encounter with youthful folly
(ignorance, inexperience).
Foolishness (ignorance, inexperience) is generally associated with a form of "closing of the roads", as
symbolized by inner hex. 24, the Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of the Roads), resulting in
an inability to understand (or view) things.
The Chinese name of this hexagram, "meng" (mêng), literally means: "to cover" (covered), "to
conceal" (concealed), "to cheat", "to envelope", "to hide" (the hidden, or hiding), or "the occult".
In the first place, it depicts "liveliness" (the incalculable, peril, danger, or difficulties) which is hidden
and concealed: like the water that is hidden (concealed) below (or "within") the mountain (what is
stacked up, pushed around, growing tough, and immobile).
It may therefore (on one hand) represent "hidden incalculableness" (liveliness, danger, or difficulties).
But it may also represent "the Great stream" of events and occurrences (and more specifically the
early - and/or hidden - stage of them, at a lower location), as they get stacked up (stacking up,
immobilized, immobilizing, pushed or pushing around, and grown or growing tough) in incalculable
(youthful, and/or wild) ways (at a higher location).
For human beings, being confronted with " the Great stream" of the Universe's incalculableness that
lies hidden in everything, leads to perplexity. This may subsequently lead to erratic (and/or callous)
behavior.
This hexagram may therefore point to the fact that here, one is dealing with someone who is (was,
might, or will be) ignorant, or "foolish" (ignorant, bold, and impertinent), just like a callow and
inexperienced (ignorant, and/or erratic) youth, and who is (was, might, or will be) inquiring, or
challenging fate.
Thus, it may (in a general way) represent the "foolishness" of the "youthful", the ignorant or
inexperienced (i.e. not aware, or correctly informed, - while - informing, inquiring, or mingling, and/or
erratic).
The chosen primary name for this hexagram, "Hidden Liveliness", can be interpreted in multiple ways,
it is as much about the "liveliness" that is (lies) hidden, as about (actively) "hiding liveliness", which
can mean one is restraining (immobilizing) danger (difficulties, perils), and/or youthful folly (ignorance,
or inexperience), and/or that one is deliberately hiding ones dangerous (incalculable) intentions,
ideas, and/or foolishness.
When this hexagram occurs, one may therefore be contemplating, and questioning on one hand
about what is (lying) at the beginning, or "at the earliness" of things (and what behaves - or results - in
incalculable or wild ways), while (being) hidden (hiding, immobilized, rested, pushed around, or
stacked up).
On the other hand, while contemplating (and questioning) what occurs at the beginning (the early
state of things), one also has to contemplate (and question on) who, or what, may be (the) youthful
(ignorant, inexperienced, foolish, and/or erratic), and (on) the fact that there is incalculableness
(liveliness, or difficulties) "hidden" (immobilized, rested, stacked up, pushing around and growing
tough), and/or to be restrained (and anticipated correctly), or to be unfortunately encountered, against
which the "youthful" (ignorant, inexperienced, unaware, and/or erratic) must be protected (or find

protection).
Gathered sources: The original ancient Chinese ideogram for "meng" shows a house with plants
growing on top of it, covering (or enveloping) it. Thus, it can also depict a plant, a magic plant, albeit a
parasitic one (a dodder), as it doesn't work for nourishment (itself), but cheats, growing without roots.
This is also reminiscent of an ignorant or "callow" (superficial) youth.
The "meng" ideogram shows the character "shih", which is also to be seen as depicting a young male
pig that has walked into (and that is being trapped, hidden, or enveloped by) sticky upwards growing
plants: a trap (or ruse).
The "pig" can be seen as a symbol of unrestrained (incalculable, unlimited) energy (such as sexual,
fertile, or "life bearing" energy), which is (was, might, or will be) held back (covered, restrained,
controlled, or "projected") by earthly (small, dark, or unclear) powers.
It beholds the advice and warning to keep things well-measured (restrained, or under control), and to
direct "all that may be rough" (unpolished, or difficult to control in oneself and/or the others, or in other
occurrences), in (-to) good ways (paths, or directions); One must anticipate, or do something about
"wildness" (inexperience, foolishness) at young (or early).
One should try to adapt (to) the wild (inexperienced, foolish, uncontrolled, ignorant, "untamed", and/or
erratic) side of ones character (or of what occurs) in such a way that it will become a source of joy,
instead of a source of problems (difficulties, or peril).
Ones actions may be like restraining (protecting against) the wild (untamed, incalculable) and
parasitic (inconsiderate) way that a plant (a dodder) is (was, might, or will be) growing, or entrapping
that which lies on its path (or which occurs within its radius of operation). Alternatively, ones actions
might be like applying such a plant's magical capabilities.
JLK: It means that one is (was, might, will, or should be) using the opportunity to understand, and
anticipate the wild, incalculable and unknown things that may occur, in such a way, that things can be
a source for happiness (rejoicing), and stability.
Thus, in some cases this hexagram may warn one against hidden danger. As one can't see the
danger, one may be led into erratic behavior, making one look like a (young) fool, and/or leaving one
fully vulnerable. The danger is occurring and causes difficulties, yet one can't lay ones finger on it and
identify it properly. Instead of renouncing divination, one should try to rephrase ones inquiry, and/or try
to approach and clarify the matter one is dealing with from another angle.
The water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory, but here also: the inquiring
about what is unknown) projects, or releases the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is
stacked up and grown tough, the information) at a higher location.
Under the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information),
the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) flows without interruption
(continuously). But also: the mountain at a higher location, restrains and hides the water as it is
occurring below. From under (within, or through) the mountain (that which is stacked up, immobile)
the water brings the incalculable (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the memory).
Thus, another picture of Meng comes up: that of "a sewer", "gutter", or "ravine" (an "abyss", or
"canyon", and thus also: incalculableness, danger, peril or difficulties - also see hex. 29, "the Water"),
as being a channel carrying what is muddied, or like garbage, incalculably confused and "mixed up",
or occurring with two or several "faces" (in several shapes, or forms), below the surface of a city, a
building, a construction, a system, or organism.
If one wants to avoid misfortune, one should ask oneself this (simple) question: "Does everything
really need to be "labeled", spelled-out and drawn out before it can be considered real?".

Inquire unto what must be inquired on. Do (and think about) what is right, even if at times one
appears to overdo things (by ones repeated efforts).
Still, overdoing things repeatedly, or (re-) doing things too much, or too often brings misfortune. One
should look at things, and direct them (with as much accuracy as possible, or - on the contrary - with
appropriate youthful "incalculableness" and/or shallowness) so that there will be stability (rest), clarity
(by regenerating), and (enlivening, incalculable) exchange (and/or happiness), to the extend that this
will be possible, and appropriate), mindful of the fact that if there is happiness, then there also is
(was, might, or will be) sadness (at some stage, or from some perspective).
Gathered sources: The "Great Man" (the master) must not give himself out of his or her own initiative,
and may have to hide his purpose. This way his or her works will bear fruit at the appropriate moment,
in the most convenient of ways. Thus, one makes sure everything is given, and obtained, at the right
moment, in the right way.
JLK: Hex. 3, the Difficulties at the Beginning (the Time to Grow, the Growing Pains), shows the
circumstances of growth. Hex. 4, Hidden Liveliness (The Young Fool, Ignorance), is the reverse of
hex. 3, and shows in fact the confrontation with "liveliness", incalculableness, ignorance, lack of
experience, foolishness, during the time of growth.
The Judgment says:
"Hidden liveliness, youthful inexperience, foolishness, youthful and inexperienced, hidden

incalculableness, hidden danger (or difficulties), an inadequate (impertinent, abusive, erratic,
ignorant) inquiry:
Understanding (learning) about the conditions and circumstances these indicate is (was,
might, will, or should be) bringing success.
The liveliness (life, incalculableness, danger, peril, or difficulty) is (was, might, will, or should
be) hidden (restrained, withdrawn);
Youthful inexperience (foolishness, or wildness) is (was, might, will, or should be) restrained.
It is not me (the Yi Jing, or a wise and/or sensible person) who seeks the ignorant (the young,
foolish, inexperienced, incalculably lively, and/or erratic), it is the ignorant (the young, foolish,
inexperienced, incalculably lively, and/or erratic) who seeks me.
Therefore, the ignorant one (the young, foolish, inexperienced, and/or erratic) who shows no
respect (who is not willing to inquire, receive, and/or understand in a balanced and respectful
way) needs no explanation (comprehensible answer) and/or detailed advice.
If one is inquiring (doing the divination, and/or "penetrating") and/or exchanging for the first
time, I (the Yi Jing, or a sensible person) will be inclined to give information, and/or cooperate.
But if one is inquiring (doing the divination, and/or "penetrating") and/or exchanging two or
three times, or more (excessively), without there being a strong inner (sincere, genuine)
conviction (reason, or love), this becomes a nuisance and tiresome.
Thus, if one is not friendly or receptive (or when there is no good reason to be so with
someone), there will be no (truly) Great (good, right, "friendly", or correct) results;
If one is needlessly draining the energies, it becomes impossible to obtain (or understand),
what will give correct (wholesome, satisfying) clarification (or enlightenment);
Then there can be no wholesome balance (harmony).
JLK: By noticing (identifying, tracking, recording, researching) what occurs at the beginning
(early, when "young", in what is "incalculable", in the undercurrents), this will help clarify
things.

There is profit in the divination, anticipation, and in being firm and persevering"
JLK: The stern comments about the "young fool" inquiring (doing the divination, and/or "penetrating")
and/or exchanging in a way that might lack respect and/or "inner conviction" may hold the advice that
one should be more receptive (malleable, open, weak, yin), and/or in ways that are more sincere
(and/or well thought out).
It may mean that one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) dealing with someone or something
who/that is like a young fool and/or ignorant one. This could concern oneself, or the other(s), which
will have to be determined for the occurring context, by the one doing the divination.
In certain cases, there can be ignorance (and/or foolishness) that is willful and/or deliberate. This is
generally due to an inappropriate lack of respect (it be either for what is high, or for what is low),
and/or due to refusing to ask oneself the right questions. Underlying reasons can be unjustified
arrogance (as when completely missing the mark), lack of compassion, lack of modesty, lack of
willingness to follow the principles of what is good, and such. All caused by not carefully following the
principles (rules) of what is high, superior, and good.
Ignorant and/or foolish individuals who show no appropriate respect (and/or receptiveness) need no
explanation (comprehensible answer) and/or detailed advice, and/or be given more of ones time,
energy and resources than is strictly needed for the matter at hand, as they would not be able (nor
willing) to understand and/or value it, and much less put it to good use. In other words: one should not
give pearls to the swines!
This holds essential advice in particular for those having the good of mankind at heart, and who have
to determine viable ways to realize lofty goals and for dealing with inferior and/or evil individuals
and/or occurrences, and how to avoid being needlessly drained of their valuable resources (energy,
time, etc).
The image of this hexagram shows water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the
memory) under the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information). It shows an undercurrent. This undercurrent can appear in the form of hidden danger,
liveliness, incalculableness (i.e. an apparent lack of reason(s) for what is occurring). On a human
level this may mean that there is (was, might, or will be) a lack of sincerity, and/or that one simply
doesn't understand what is at the center of the matter at hand (to a substantial degree).
In any case, this hexagram points to the fact that there is something that can not be seen, hidden
(covered, occult) as it is by the mountain (the immobile, the rest, what is stacked up).
On the other hand, when taken on the positive side, the hidden undercurrent can serve as a
refreshing source if one uses it with appropriate respect and care, and with the understanding that it
is hidden. The mountain that hides (covers) the water also symbolizes immobilizing, and/or stacking
things up (correctly or incorrectly). This hexagram is therefore about the way one should correctly
deal with hidden "currents", energies, and/or occurrences, and the fact that not all can be seen,
understood, or even defined (calculated, evaluated).
In a general way, this hexagram tells us that under the occurring circumstances there is "hidden
liveliness" (i.e. incalculableness, hidden dangers, difficulties, and/or wildness), which is associated
(paired) with inexperience (ignorance, foolishness, and/or erratic behavior) such as that of a youth, or
at the beginning (earliness) of things.
In certain cases this may point to a situation where one is doing the divination, and questioning the Yi
Jing in a way that is too impertinent and/or too abusive (e.g. asking the same question, again and
again), thus draining ones energies and/or blocking appropriate receptiveness for obtaining clarity
(enlightenment). This is the way this hexagram has come to be interpreted by many sources. Yet this
might be only one of the aspects concerning the matter at hand, as there are many more to be
understood from this hexagram!

Alternatively, this hexagram may indicate that in the situation that is at hand, some form of abusive
interaction is (was, might, or will be) occurring or that energies are (were, will be, or might be)
drained.
The solution to the issue at hand will come from being respectful towards the incalculable energies
(forces, or entities) that are at work, and to carefully observe what lies at the beginning (the source,
the origin) of things. It may mean that one will have to give things a rest for a while, such as to
become more receptive to the right answers or new options.
Gathered sources: There is (was, will be or might be) profit in doing the divination (inquiring), as doing
this means that what is continuous will be allowed to flow in new lively (incalculable) ways, being
Ultimate and shapeless like the water, flowing (advancing) endlessly, and without any limits. This
means that certainly, a profit must be obtained, when one will meticulously and respectfully look and
act ahead of what will happen, by all means available, such as by divination with the Yi Jing.
Likewise, there are possibilities to obtain success, even when one is (like) young, ignorant,
inexperienced, and/or erratic. But any true answer that one will obtain, is already beholding the next
question. This means that the real success is obtained thanks to its own nature: thanks to the way
success comes into existence.
For somebody young, to be ignorant or without experience, is not necessarily bad. Things can,
notwithstanding the ignorance and lack of experience, still achieve success. What is important is to
find the right guidance, or guide, and to have a right attitude towards what guides. One who is young
(inexperienced, ignorant, and/or erratic) should above all by ones own eyes be aware of ones lack of
experience, and look for guidance. Only the humbleness, and modesty, will allow for an opening (of
the mind, or otherwise), big enough, to accept guidance. This is why someone who is a master (or
"masterful", like the Yi Jing), peacefully waits until being asked for.
It may be that the matter at hand demands that one acknowledges ones own inexperience
(ignorance, or youthful folly), or on the other hand it may be that one has to acknowledge or reckon
with the inexperience (ignorance, or youthful folly) of others, and the draining of energies this can
cause.
"There is profit in the divination", means it is advantageous to look and act ahead of events, by all
available means.
Commentary
This hexagram depicts a spring at the foot of the mountain, and symbolizes uncultured youth. The
spring shows the potential of ever increasing nourishment, and the mountain signifies the heights that
can be attained. The superior man develops his worth with every step he takes in life.
To understand the Yi Jing and its guidance, one must remember that it is based on the theory of
reincarnation or a divine plan whereby all people do not come into this world equal in mental and
physical endowments. Each is different, each is at a particular level, each has his own experiences to
encounter and each has certain lessons to learn.
~ Profile
Those born with Meng, Hidden Liveliness (The Young Fool, Ignorance), as their ruling hexagram are
not stupid, but merely lacking in certain areas of experience and wisdom, which they must seek out.
Their immaturity will be overcome through proper learning and learning methods. Continuing effort will
secure success.
Such persons’ lives will be far from dull, and more then likely very interesting.

Those born in the eight month [September - October] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: Hidden liveliness (a young fool, foolishness, ignorance, hidden incalculableness and/or
danger, mingling at an early stage) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or unavoidable)
(as) at (and/or in) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor),
and/or in the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) superior (Great), the results will be good, and
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and
there will be misfortune.
Cultivating maturity (wisdom, knowledge, experience) and discipline in those who are young
(inexperienced, lively, foolish, ignorant, and/or erratic) is advisable and appropriate, but never
more than is necessary.
The chains (that which ties one up, which is restraining and/or imprisoning one) should be
thrown off (or taken away);
Otherwise, there will be humiliation (which may not be necessary, nor called for)."
JLK: Here, those who are (or that which is) at the center of the matter at hand should be disciplined,
and/or instructed (developed) such as to throw off the chains of ignorance, and/or to remove
limitations. However, this should be done in an appropriate way, which here means that one should
not push things too far, and not be needlessly severe and/or rigid.
The chains must be thrown off: one must find freedom. One must first be free oneself (and/or at least
be able to act independently, by ones own authority), before one can free others.
Since this is the first line in the lower trigram, the water, one may have to deal with difficulties (danger)
such as described in line 1 of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness). At the center (of the
matter at hand) is the risk of falling into what is as "a fissure", which may point to an old habit (or
issue) that should have been outgrown, and/or some great weakness of character which drains
whatever potential and/or energy that may be present and that could otherwise bring good things.
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, it's good to be disciplined, but one should not
push things too far.
Throwing off the chains (that which ties one up, or which is restraining or imprisoning one) should
occur within and without: one must throw off the chains of ignorance and/or lack of discipline (i.e.
disorder and confusion), but also throw off the chains of excessive discipline that is stifling and
leading to all kinds of drawbacks..
All education, teaching, or guidance starts with learning, teaching and applying (a) discipline. Also,
giving the right example (of discipline), makes the others follow accordingly.
Consequently, one who is young (inexperienced, lively, foolish, and/or erratic) should be serious
about his purpose, study, or inquiry, otherwise one will (repeatedly) fall back into youthful foolishness,
or beginner's mistakes, and not be capable to (correctly) appreciate things.
But stern, radical, imprisoning, useless ways of training or guidance, paralyze (obstruct, or hinder) the
mind, and as a consequence, the body (sooner or later).

The occurrence of this line may indicate that under the circumstances, one experiences a time of
limitation, obstruction, and difficulties (peril, or danger). But if one will succeed in overcoming these
circumstances, the result might be positive.
The issue at hand may concern a lack of discipline, or on the contrary, excessive stifling discipline.
Either way, one should act as recommended in the commentary.
~ Profile
A teacher conducting the training of a youth is depicted here. Thus two interpretations are possible,
i.e. one for the teacher and another for the student. Since the hexagram as a whole is concerned with
immaturity, this line will generally relate to the inexperienced and/or erratic person.
An individual born with this hexagram and controlling line will find himself surrounded by limitations,
visible and invisible. His progress will be determined by how quickly he learns his lessons.
Since the line is a Yin, led by a Yang in the second position, his chances for success are quite good.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be close to people in high positions. He will cultivate a just
and moral character and be blessed. He also has the potential to become rich or famous, or both.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a good, useful and loyal citizen, with a better than
average life.
Thoughtlessness or playfulness always needs correction in education.
Punishment is sometimes necessary to correct thoughtlessness and playfulness.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) hidden liveliness (a young fool, foolishness,
ignorance, hidden incalculableness and/or danger, mingling at an early stage) at (in, for) the
calves (in ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Hidden liveliness (a young fool, foolishness, ignorance, hidden incalculableness and/or

danger, mingling at an early stage) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or unavoidable) in
(by) the way of (or at the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in
(by) the orders being given by the regional chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King
(ruler, ruling consensus).
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed) and alert, the
results will be good, and there will be advantage.
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) impulsive ("jumpy"), and/or too slow (sluggish),
the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
Tolerating initial (temporary) weaknesses brings good fortune.

Being mild and bearing with those who are young (inexperienced, incalculably lively, foolish,
erratic, and/or incalculable liveliness) brings good fortune.
Such an attitude (or insight) towards (or concerning) women brings good fortune as well: to
know how to take (understand, or negotiate with) a woman (and/or those who are small, weak,
unclear, or evil).
The son (the descendant, the child, and/or the new life) is (was, might, will, or should be)
capable of taking charge (the responsibility) of the household (the family, the clan, those who
are alike, or those of kin)."
Gathered sources: This line evokes the image of one who has the necessary (spiritual) capacities to
support those who are less experienced, or fortunate (young(er), new, lively, or foolish, small, weak,
receptive, passive, open), and/or initial weakness(es), while being capable of generous well-
willingness (or readiness to admit, or agree with things), and capable of (developing into a person
who can be) carrying Great responsibilities.
This is a time of harmony and balance, where things can be achieved by (some-) one taking charge
of things, carrying more responsibility (installing what gives trust, and confidence).
This line may picture one who has no external power, but who has enough strength of mind to bear
his burden of responsibility. He has the inner superiority and strength that enable him to tolerate with
kindliness the shortcomings of human folly. The same attitude is owed to women as the weaker sex.
One must understand them and give them recognition in a spirit of chivalrous consideration. Only this
combination of inner strength with outer reserve enables one to take on the responsibility of directing
a larger social body with real success.
~ Profile
Whatever this person's position in life may be, it will involve the leading of others to a greater or lesser
degree. He will be kind and considerate, as symbolized by "tolerating weaknesses". He will also know
how to treat women, and will find himself a good wife, since he is qualified to take charge of the
household. All in all, this reflects inner strength and outer reserve. Whatever such a person
undertakes will be productive and beneficial. His life should be favorable, whatever activities he
pursues.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a wise, broadminded person, kind and considerate,
putting others before himself. He will be loyal to his family, and patriotic, and will have a highly

satisfactory life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have an average life, with a good wife and family, and
good partners and/or friends.
Express consideration of others. Understand their points of view.
If you try and put yourself in the place of others and see their points of view it will be helpful in your
endeavors.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) hidden liveliness (a young fool, foolishness,
ignorance, hidden incalculableness and/or danger, mingling at an early stage) in (at, for, with)
the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design
and/or application of the laws to live by, and their influence on (their capacity to change,
and/or transform) what is (was, might, or will be) occurring.
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) free (unlimited) yet avoiding danger
(difficulties, entrapment), the results will be good, and there will be advantage.
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) restrained (limited) and/or leading to danger
(difficulties, entrapment), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
Do not engage in a (long-term, and/or intimate) relation with what is inferior and known (or
suspected) to be dangerous (incalculable, perilous, or difficult).
Likewise, a superior man should not marry (start a relation with) a woman who is (or would be)
unable to hold herself (to remain faithful to an engagement, or duty) when she sees a strong
man (someone rich, wealthy, gracious, and/or an advantageous opportunity) (other than
oneself).
There is (was, might, or will be) nothing advantageous in that."
Gathered sources: This line holds the warning not to expose oneself to unworthy, inferior and/or
dangerous elements (ways, methods, and/or influences), regardless of how superior or strong one
may be. There is no point in wasting strength on what is unworthy, and even (or especially) the very
weak (immoral, bad, unclear, or inferior) may bring (or cause) incalculable risks and dangers,
regardless of how well one may seem to have things under control.
Here, the danger comes from the fact that the inferior and/or weak will profit or give in to any strong
power (or advantageous passive set of circumstances) that may occur and that will give it some kind
of advantage.
In short: one (who is at the center of the matter at hand) is not to be throwing oneself away (to just
anybody, or any cause). One must be careful with whom (or what) one gets involved.
Likewise, it is not good to marry (or start a long-term relation) with (or in the way of) a woman who
can not hold herself (or behave correctly) when she sees a wealthy, strong, and/or seductive man: it
means that in such a case, there is no real faith, or commitment. (As a guideline to deciding upon the
right way of behaving this is of Great significance, whatever the nature of the question).

Also, a woman who can not hold herself when she sees another strong (but new, unknown, or
different) man, brings damage to the self-esteem, confidence, or reputation (name) of the other.
This line may indicate that here, one is (was, might, or will be) imposing oneself on others (on
someone else), which brings damage to (some-) ones self-esteem, or self-confidence, which is to no
use; Nothing is achieved.
Also, one runs the risk of starting a long-term relation in (or by) the way of what is (yet, still)
beginning, new, youthful, lively, dangerous, foolish, unknown or hidden, which offers too little
indications, or prospects of (any potential real) stability, or faith.
It is best to stay modest (moderate), and at the background.
JLK: Conversely, for a woman (and/or those who are, or that which is as in the position of a woman,
weak, small, open, receptive) this line may indicate that she may have to view (experience,
understand) things, and/or give in (yield) to things (people, opportunities) in ways that are less
superficial, and make an effort to see the best in the man (the one, the men, that which) they are
exchanging with, and/or in an opportunity that is coming her way, instead of giving in to any impulses
that are motivated by inferior morals and/or inferior (sexual) impulses, being swayed into a new
association or endeavor whenever someone (and/or something) appears who (that) seems "better"
(stronger, wealthier, more fortunate), yet again, merely based on superficial assessment.
General comment
Just as many women will give up their honor in the hope of catching a wealthy man, so, likewise,
immature men may sell their souls in the hope of acquiring quick gains.
One is warned against such surreptitious conduct, since what is not rightfully and dutifully earned will
not remain in one's possession.
~ Profile
Persons with this controlling line will have a tendency towards recklessness, while still lacking in
wisdom, experience and learning. Unless corrective measures are taken, such actions will bring no
favorable advantage to such a person.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be learned, but inclined to use his knowledge for selfish
purposes only. There will be periods of gain and loss throughout his life, in both the personal and
professional realms. A woman will quite likely become an accomplished mistress.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a person of bad character, inclined to hurt people
behind their backs. He will have many hardships in life and no worthy accomplishments.
Calmness is always propitious.
The time is not propitious for taking action to consummate whatever one has in mind.

4
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) hidden liveliness (a young fool,
foolishness, ignorance, hidden incalculableness and/or danger, mingling at an early stage) in
(for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
Hidden liveliness (a young fool, foolishness, ignorance, hidden incalculableness and/or

danger, mingling at an early stage) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or unavoidable) in
(by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the
confidant, the one who is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or reliability).
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) well directed (stable), the results will be good,
and there will be advantage.
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) confused (unstable), the results will be bad,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) surrounded (enveloped, or entangled) by
ignorance (foolishness, callousness, and/or lack of experience, knowledge, and/or
awareness).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not trusting and/or is not trusted by the
ignorant (foolish, young, inexperienced and lacking knowledge, erratic, and/or incalculable
liveliness);
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not finding (realizing, or giving) trust in the early (new,
lively, dangerous and/or difficult) state of things.
One who inquires unto (or questions) what is hidden and unknown (and possibly dangerous),
is (commonly) looked at with suspicion, confusion, and/or misunderstanding.
It is in accordance with the circumstances, and time, if such will occur.
Yet also, although things deserve more clarity (explanation, and/or consideration), and
although there is (some amount of) sense, and logic, under the circumstances one must not
insist on clarifying (or enlightening) all (at once), as this will bring distrust and humiliation."
JLK: In certain situations being surrounded (enveloped, entangled, "confronted") by ignorance

(foolishness, callousness, and/or lack of experience, knowledge, and/or awareness) can occur in
either of two directions, or even both directions at the same time. Thus, the occurrence of this line
may mean that the one at the center of the matter at hand is (literally) surrounded by ignorance
(foolishness), or it may mean that one (what occurs) is being viewed as being ignorant (foolish,
immature), or both can be the case at the same time.
Going on in the same direction (or way) as is presently being considered, will bring more of the
ignorance (foolishness, callousness, and/or lack of experience, knowledge, and/or awareness), and
will consequently bring (more) distrust and/or humiliation.
This line may therefore hold the advice to remedy such ignorance (foolishness, callousness, and/or
lack of experience, knowledge, and/or awareness). In this case, the most apt way to do so is to go
ones own way, by finding a way to move (progress) beyond the limitations that others may try to
impose.
This may mean that for the time being, one has to abandon the wish to clarify (gain experience and
knowledge of) all at once. It may be a call to focus on other matters (beyond ones immediate circle),
or to do things in ways that are different (and/or unconventional), yet out of sight of others to whom it
may raise suspicion and/or distrust.
Gathered sources: Depending on the context of the matter at hand, the occurrence of this line may
indicate (some-) one who may be too idealistic (or utopic), in which case it should be interpreted as a

warning against this, as one might be perceived to be a fool (and/or foolish) and/or not be trusted.
When one is confronted with one who is (as) pursuing "delusions of the mind", one will (most likely)
withdraw (and go away).
Therefore, now, if one goes on, this will bring humiliation. The other(s) will have (or get) a bad opinion
about one. It is this which leads to humiliation.
For those who are young (inexperienced, foolish, and/or erratic), it is the most hopeless thing to get
entangled in empty imaginings (fantasies, or utopias). The more obstinately one clings to such unreal
fantasies, the more certainly will humiliation ensue. Often the teacher, when confronted with such
entangledness, has no other course but to leave the young (inexperienced, foolish, and/or erratic) to
himself for a time, not sparing him the humiliation that results. This is frequently the only means of
rescue.
JLK: Alternatively, the occurrence of this line may mean that the one at the center of the matter at
hand can not rely on those around one (ones immediate circle), as one is "surrounded by ignorance".
The original Chinese pictogram used for "surrounded" shows an enclosure surrounding a tree. In the
most strict of ways, the tree can not be reached (influenced) by any life-form, and vice versa the tree
can not reach (influence) any life-form beyond the enclosure. There is an absolute lack of exchange.
Additionally, this image holds the idea that one is dealing with a life form (and/or a manifestation) that
is out of sight (due to the enclosure), but yet it is a living organism just like the tree is. This may be
impossible to believe ("trust") for those who are ignorant (foolish, callous, young, and/or lacking
experience and knowledge).
This is why this line may typically appear when the validity of the Yi Jing is being challenged, or when
it is used incorrectly or excessively (more often in ways that are incorrect, than due to excess, as God
is infinity - from a human standpoint). Unfortunately, the deeper meanings of this line are left hidden
by many versions of its texts.
Thus, the image may offer the idea that, relevant to the matter at hand, there occurs a life (a life-form,
and or liveliness) that is indeed (still) alive (active) and well, that will develop in its own ways even
when out of sight. Trying to clarify all of it, even if the reasons are right, will lead to humiliation and/or
regrets. There are circumstances when some things should be left out of sight.
Conversely, this image may advocate that here, one (what occurs) should grow (live, and/or evolve)
"out of sight", so that one (it) is left undisturbed.
General comment
This line shows the student enmeshed in erroneous thinking, and the teacher having no recourse but
to leave him alone to suffer humiliation, in order to bring him to his senses.
Many people are born, or become, impractical in thought and action, and, through obstinacy,
immaturity, opinionatedness or deluded imagination, demand to follow their own course despite the
propitious guidance of others. Often, friends, teachers and superiors have no recourse but to leave
such an individual alone to suffer from his self-generated folly, until remorse sets in and he once
again desires to follow the right path.
~ Profile
There are apparently several important lessons that these persons are destined to have to learn in
their Jives, lessons which others have already learned. What befalls these individuals is right for them
at this particular stage of their evolution, for each is serving a divine purpose, despite the difficulties in

which they find themselves.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of talent and ability, but these qualities will not be
recognized, so he will either tend to withdraw within himself, or go and live in seclusion. His
attainments will only be small.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have but few friends, being of a difficult nature, and
having a tendency to show off. He will be a wastrel, and will probably not marry or have children.
Obstinacy or immaturity makes for impracticality.
Try not to be obstinate or unrealistic today. If you are, results could be unfavorable.
(for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or
through (in) the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the
ruling consensus), and/or through (in) the way one is nourishing (and/or taking nourishment).
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) supportive (sympathetic) and/or overcoming
conflict (being knowledgeable, full of experience, practical), the results will be good, and there
will be advantage.
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) authoritarian (repressive) and/or foolish
(ignorant, lacking experience, impractical), the results will be bad, and there will be
misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) acting with the innocence (and/or from
the perspective) of the young (the early one, the inexperienced, unlearned, ignorant, foolish,
erratic, and/or incalculable liveliness).
Childlike innocence brings good fortune.

Innocence brings fortune, even to those who are young (inexperienced, virgin, and/or erratic)."
Gathered sources: Innocence is absolutely necessary. Here, it means especially not having
preconceived ideas (or notions) and not being pretentious, as well as respecting ones teacher(s) (or
that which is, has been, or will be teaching one).
Someone who will pursue his aim, goal, or endeavor like this, can be certain of success. Through
honesty and innocence, good fortune can come to even the young, inexperienced, and/or erratic.
"One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) acting with the innocence (and/or from the
perspective) of the young (the early one, the inexperienced, unlearned, ignorant, foolish, incalculably
lively, erratic)": this also refers to what is hidden, (and therefore) dangerous and unknown.
This line may therefore also contain the advice that instead of having hidden and/or dangerous
intentions, and/or trying to be "clever" (outsmarting the others), one should choose to act in ways that
are innocent and/or simple.

JLK: Conversely, if one is not acting with innocence, instead having hidden and/or dangerous
intentions, and/or trying to be "clever" (outsmarting the others), there can not be any genuine
advantage.
Line 5 of hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness), further describes the situation at hand,
and shows how one is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) immobilizing (resting, stilling, or stiffening)
ones jaws, refraining from expressing oneself through words, or other forms of expression that carry
emotion, and/or how one is (and/or should be) giving activities that involve the jaws (and/or words,
emotions) a rest, and/or giving particular care to how these are "stacked up" (and/or "pushing" things
around).
In simple words: this line may advise to stop talking (and/or giving orders), or only to talk in ways that
are highly appropriate for the situation at hand, and/or to avoid (the occurrence of) talking by others
turning into a problem, especially as related to taking or providing nourishment (physical, material, or
spiritual).
General comment
Knowing how to trust one's teacher, and accepting what he says, brings success.
When, having selected a qualified teacher, a man subordinates himself to his instructor, accepting his
teachings and guidance in good faith, he will certainly be helped further, and will achieve success by
utilizing what he has learned. In life, an ardent seeker of knowledge will usually be able to find that
which he needs to know for the next step in his progress. He will obtain it from another person, or
from written material, or it will come to him intuitively.
~ Profile
Those born under this line will also know what to accept, and how to put it to practical use. Many of
these people will be researchers in their chosen field, scientists, inventors or innovators.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be clever and intelligent from childhood, and will be helped
by parents, relations, teachers and friends. He will become quite successful in his profession, and will
have a good personal life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be able to go through life, in all its aspects, calmly and
without hardships.
A humble search for knowledge will attain results.
Your search for knowledge, guidance answered appropriately.

6
(for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) wise (correct), and if its application is right, the
If one deal with it in a way that is (excessively) unwise (flawed), and/or if its application is
wrong, the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) restraining (tempering, holding back on)
(what is like) the "young fool" (a callow youth, a superficial, ignorant, inexperienced, erratic
person, and/or incalculable liveliness), and/or ignorance (lack of experience, and/or erroneous
views).
But this should be done without excess and without committing transgressions oneself."
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, it is good to restrain things (related to
immaturity and/or erratic behavior).
If one doesn't restrain (temper, immobilize, hold back or hide) the one who is (or that which is) like a
"young fool" (a callow youth, a superficial, ignorant, inexperienced and/or erratic person), then he (it)
may become (like) a thief (a spoiler, or a source of destruction) or (like) a tyrant (a dictator, not
tolerating any alternative and/or diverging views or ways of doing things).
JLK: On the other hand, the occurrence of this line may (also) point to how one must do what is
necessary to restrain (or defend against) "hidden liveliness", i.e. life and/or dangers that are
(presently) out of view and that may even be impossible to view, given the way one is presently
observing things.
Gathered sources: The ideograms of the original comment to this line use the image of harvesting.
They show how when one is (as) harvesting, then in this case one is (was, might be, will be, or should
be) resisting outlawry (crime, ignorance, or danger). If one is not (as) harvesting, then in this case one
is (was, might, or will be) causing outlawry (crime, ignorance, or danger), which then must be
resisted.
If the restraint must be exercised through some form of punishment (or disciplining), if one is the one
being punished, or the one punishing, in both cases one has always to make certain that any form of
punishment (or disciplining), if necessary, be in accord with (the gravity of) the crime, or occurring
reason. One must at all times avoid or accept excesses, and always act in accordance with, and
respectful of the laws of the Universe.
This line may point to how sometimes an incorrigible fool must (and/or will) be punished. He who will
not heed will be made to feel. This punishment is quite different from a preliminary shaking up. But
the penalty should not be imposed in anger. It must be restricted to an objective guarding against
unjustified excesses. Punishment is never an end in itself but serves merely to restore order.
JLK: Additionally, this line may warn that one may be dealing with someone who is an incorrigible fool,
and/or with something that is incorrigibly erratic, which may lead to difficulties and/or conflict at some
stage. The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing with this in the most practical way,
and should apply the advice from line 6, hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness), acting in
accordance with superior wisdom.

General comment
Improperly applied discipline may lead the young (inexperienced, foolish, and/or erratic) to hate those
whom they are expected to love. Yet, sometimes strict discipline is the only answer to incorrigibility.
Different people act and react in different ways. There is no one best way to teach others, no one
punishment to fit every crime, etc. Here we are primarily concerned with correction and disciplining.
~ Profile
A light punishment may tempt some persons to try and get away with the same thing again, whereas
it may be all that is needed to correct others. A person capable of administrating corrective
punishment will be a good teacher and leader.
Some of these persons will possess such qualities innately, the others will be able to acquire them.
When things go bad, inferior
Most auspicious (in the best case): He may achieve renown in a military career, or in a law
enforcement agency. He will set an example to others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be ambitious, but since not greatly endowed, he will only
be well known locally.
Skillful correction is propitious.
Deliberate violation of rules may result in severe punishment. If meting out punishment, do not
debase yourself to the level of the culprit. Use corrective measures only.

Hexagram 5, Biding the Delay (Waiting or Not Waiting, Ultimate Truth)
- Xu (Hsü)
The theme of this hexagram is biding a delay (being the result of an event or special circumstances),
and when/why this should occur and when/why not. The decision to wait or not to wait shows
(beholds, becomes, and/or can lead to) the moment (the time) of experiencing (ones) "Ultimate
Truth".
The Image says:
"the biding of a delay; (the conditions of, or during) the delay; to bide ones time or not;
the time of waiting or not waiting; Ultimate truth; the moment of Ultimate truth;
to hold ones breath for a safe moment, adequately and in time; to get wet or not;
to wait or not to wait for the rain to be falling (down):
Water high in the Heavens.

This is the image of clouds high (up) in Heaven.
The clouds ascending (all) over the sky.
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) eating and drinking (feasting), or
delaying this when necessary, being joyous and of good cheer while there is nothing else to
employ him; Or on the contrary, he is (was, might, will, or should be) not doing this.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) waiting (delaying, and/or biding a
delay), or on the contrary not doing this.
The Great Man will decide to wait, or not to wait: it is a moment (the time) of experiencing
"Ultimate Truth", for himself as well as those impacted.
What is Great, superior and strong will wait or not wait, depending on "Ultimate Truth".
What is Great, superior and strong will wait or not wait, which leads to "Ultimate Truth".
There can be fortune, but only if one will know when, and how to wait, or to delay, as well as
when, and how to appreciate that something can not wait."
JLK: Hex. 5, Biding the Delay (Waiting or Not Waiting, Ultimate Truth), shows the image of water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) high in Heaven (the light, the
creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving). Exchange, or lack of it, as symbolized by the inner
lower trigram the ocean (joy, wealth, exchange), is leading to clarification and/or exhaustion, as
symbolized by the upper inner trigram the fire (that which sticks and exhausts, the brightness, the
image).
Dealing with (and/or deciding on) a delay and/or finding Ultimate truth is paired with (and/or occurring
in a context of) estrangement and opposition, as symbolized by inner hex. 38, the Estranging
Opposition (the Alienation, the Strange).
This hexagram indicates a time where the one (or those) at the center of the matter at hand has
(have) to decide if one should wait (delay, and/or bide a delay), or not. It is a moment of "Ultimate
Truth". If one makes the wrong choice, things will end in a disaster. If one makes the right choice,

there will be joy.
This is like having to hold the breath in order to avoid breathing poisonous (corrupting) fumes, dust,
and/or substances that cause disease. If one needs to hold the breath (due to this) one may already
have waited for too long, as a consequence of having lost "Ultimate Truth" from ones view(s) and
understanding(s).
When the clouds are high in Heaven it is only a matter of time for the rain to fall down. In most cases,
it's best one patiently waits for the rain to have fallen, if one wants to avoid getting wet. In other
cases, it may be required to go out and not wait for the rain to pass.
Likewise, when destiny is preparing, one can wait for it, or join it ahead, but one can't avoid it, as the
rain will fall down, sooner or later. "Destiny", when understood as being "fate", a course of events that
is predetermined by God and/or the circumstances, does not exist. One can shape ones destiny, the
way things will unfold, in accordance with God and the Universe. But for this one has to act at the
right time. If one waits too long, or not long enough, one will not be able to make things turn out
favorably, and one may not be able to avoid a disaster.
This hexagram is about destiny in the form of what is "the unavoidable" caused by energies one can
not (totally) keep under control oneself. But one can always adapt oneself to the circumstances to
make the best of them.
A lot will depend on ones faith, and sense of reality.
Thus, here, in essence the occurring conditions (or circumstances) are (were, might, or will be) as
when "waiting", or "being delayed". Yet to "appreciate when something can not wait" may also lead to
fortune, but only in its capacity to confirm something about the incorrectness of (going on with)
waiting (delaying, and/or biding a delay).
For the time being one should study the presently occurring answer(s) obtained through the Yi Jing
(which will be relevant on multiple levels of reality, and as viewed from multiple angles) or otherwise,
and/or one should be inquiring (again, rephrasing the question). One must wait, or not wait, basing
ones decision on the "Ultimate Truth" behind things.
The "brightness" of the divination points out that it is "the one asking", or "the one who is asked",
and/or "the one being asked for/about", who will project the state of fortune or misfortune one is
experiencing, or willing to expect. This is like aiming, and directing one's own destiny, due to
understanding and/or misunderstanding.
In this hexagram the light trigram appears below the water trigram. This offers the image of
"righteousness" (strength, love, truth) lying below (and/or inside) danger (liveliness, the incalculable).
One must attempt to perceive (and/or discern) truth amongst (through, and/or inside) incalculable
(amounts of) occurrences (and/or difficulties).
Gathered sources: "Xu" (Hsü) means waiting. It has come to mean "waiting" as an extension of its
ancient meaning "stopped by rain". The ancient Chinese ideogram for "xu" shows on top the
character (the radical) "yu", which stands for "rain"; While on the bottom there occurs the character
(the radical) "erh", which indicates a plant that is (was, might, or will be) firmly rooted (or taking root)
in the earth.
More ancient pictographs of "erh" show facial hair, whiskers (mustaches), or a beard. It may (then)
indicate the shaman, (carrying what is as a mask that is) bearded and whiskered, which (then)
symbolizes the mature person able to perform (or understand) the rites (ceremonies) of making rain,
and stopping it (or the manipulation of "the weather"). It symbolizes (some-) one who is mature (and
wise) enough to correctly understand and apply the virtue of waiting, or not waiting, as required.
Thus, what is Great is waiting (or not), projecting, considering and considered by what is lively,

dangerous, as well as small, vulgar, dark, and incalculable.
In a general way, here, one waits, or not - i.e. not "eating" (not "consuming", or going on) for a
moment. Or, in the other case, one waits, or not - while "eating" (joyfully, and happy, while discussing
and entertaining oneself with friends).
JLK: It may occur that one is not able to control ("handle"), or understand all. Much of what happens
may be incomprehensible, nontransparent, but this does not take anything away from the hidden
purpose, or meaning and its "Ultimate Truth".
Just like the weather that seems to be organized by a Heavenly coincidence (or detachment), all that
happens (or occurs) to one is (was, might, or will be) organized by a set (a "weighed", or certain) play
of forces. If one will be full of confidence (trust) in what is right, and if (on the other hand) one will take
things as (or from where) they are (or occur), nothing will be able to get one off balance.
The Judgment says:
"Biding a delay, the conditions of, or during the delay, biding ones time or not, a time of
waiting or not waiting, ultimate truth, a moment of ultimate truth, holding ones breath for a
safe moment, adequately and in time, getting wet or not, waiting or not waiting for the rain to
fall:
Under the conditions these describe, if one is sincere, one will have, and obtain the supreme
power of the light, and there will be brilliant success.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) waiting, and/or "holding the breath"
(for a moment) or is (was, might, will, or should be) having good reason not to do this.
He is (was, might, or will be) having no other choice than either to be patient like when
restrained, or stopped, by a (cold) rain shower, or to face getting wet by it (which one must
decide and/or understand will have great or minor consequences).
Some things have to wait, but some things can't wait.

One must make a choice based on (ones) "Ultimate Truth".
There is profit (good fortune, or advantage) in firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing
the divination.
With firmness there will be good fortune, and it will be advantageous to cross the Great
stream (the Great water, to begin an endeavor). It is good to persist.
JLK: "Ultimate Truth" ultimately can't be delayed (and/or kept away).

If your truth (sincerity) isn't ultimate (supreme, whole), then it is not yet truth (sincerity)."
JLK: When things have not yet come to a completion, and/or have not yet reached their final
destination, it is generally not useful to get worried or to try to change the future thanks to ones own
personal intervention and/or obstinacy. If there is no obvious and clear reason to intervene, it is better
to regain ones strength physically and spiritually, or even ask for, or give some help, as wholesome
and holistically as possible, so that when things will happen one will be ready.
On the other hand, if the signs (omens) are "written on the wall", if the signs (omens) are evident and
unambiguous, and if "Ultimate" truth is indicating it, then it's the duty of a superior one to intervene,
yet only as far as ones power allow one to be successful (to a relevant degree). If ones power is not
big enough for the challenge at hand, one has no other choice than to wait, which is something one
may have to resign in.
If one is forced to wait with one thing, this may still leave the possibility open not to wait with another
thing that may offer a remedy (to some extent) for the issue at hand.

In any case, it's never right to wait (unnecessarily, and/or too long) with following, serving, and/or
acting in accordance with what is truthful, Heaven's law (the ruling principle), and/or ones inner
sincerity. Those who choose not to honor what is truthful, Heaven's law (the ruling principle), and/or
ones inner sincerity, will be brought down by that choice, sooner or later.
Gathered sources: There is good fortune in looking and acting ahead of things. "It will be
advantageous to cross the Great stream", that is, going forward in time will be followed by meritorious
achievement, although is risking exhaustion, as shown by inner hex. 38, the Estranging Opposition
(the Alienation, the Strange).
One must avoid getting into a situation over ones head.
Waiting is not mere hoping. It has the inner certainty of reaching the goal. Such certainty alone gives
that light which leads to success. This leads to the perseverance that brings good fortune and
bestows power to cross the Great water.
One is (was, might, or will be) faced with a danger that has to be overcome. Weakness and
impatience can do nothing. Only a strong person can stand up to his fate, for his inner security
enables him to endure to the end. This strength shows itself in uncompromising truthfulness (with
himself). It is only when we have the courage to face things exactly as they are, without any sort of
self-deception or illusion, that a light will develop out of events, by which the path to success may be
recognized.
This recognition must be followed by resolute and persevering action. For only the man who goes to
meet his fate resolutely is equipped to deal with it adequately. Then he will be able to cross the Great
water - that is to say, he will be capable of making the necessary decision and of surmounting the
danger.
JLK: Thus, while in most cases this hexagram may point that it is most appropriate to wait (and "hold
the breath"), there may be cases when on the contrary one must avoid doing this, which one will have
to decide based on carefully weighing possible outcomes, and which will lead to the experience of
"Ultimate Truth". In both cases, it is the waiting (not acting, not intervening), or not doing this (thus
consequently taking action, intervening), which is at the center of the issue at hand.
Commentary
In life, there are right times to advance, right times to retreat, and right times to wait. Here, the proper
time and way to wait or not wait are shown, along with the results which can be expected from the
various phases of such a course. Proper waiting is a sign of strength, and not weakness. It reflects
confidence and patience, with an inner knowledge that one's goal will be attained. Rare is the person
who is not faced with doubts while waiting in times of difficulty.
~ Profile
The persons symbolized here will be at ease in any circumstances, knowing that they are in control
through their inner correctness, and that sooner or later they will achieve success. They will have
ordered and generally happy lives.

Lines
"JLK: Biding a delay (the conditions of or during the delay, the time of waiting or not waiting,
the moment of ultimate truth) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required)
(as) at (and/or in) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor),
If the reasons are (excessively) superior (Great), the results will be good, and there will be
advantage.
If the reasons are (excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and there will be
misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) biding the delay (waiting), or not, while
(even when) getting wet (and/or experiencing some discomfort, disadvantage, nuisance) at (or
near) the distant border.
Remaining firm, following that which one believes to be right, allowing (and/or accepting) a
delay and/or getting wet, when at (or reaching, moving towards) the distant border (the
suburbs, the outskirts, or the outer limit): not seeking out difficulties overhastily.
Not opposing to heavy movement (or action); Indeed.

Not yet letting go of the rules; Indeed.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) abiding in what endures (constancy);
In that case one has not abandoned the general ground (territory, or domain).
It will be good to constantly maintain the purpose thus shown, in which case there will be no
mistake; No error, and therefore no blame. No inauspicious omens."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will, or should be) making no rash (hurried) movement (action,
or judgment), so that one avoids rushing into encountering the difficulties of the situation.
Yet movement, even "heavy" movement, is appropriate, although one has to reckon with some form
of waiting (getting "wet", and/or experiencing some discomfort) at some stage (at some stage of the
movement).
"One is waiting at the distant border (the suburbs, the outskirts, or the outer limit)": one makes no
movement (one is not acting) to encounter rashly the difficulties of the situation. "It will be good to
constantly maintain the purpose thus shown, in which case there will be no mistake; No error": one
will not fail to pursue that regular course.
Under the occurring circumstances, the danger is not yet close. One is still waiting on the open plain.
Conditions are still simple, yet there is a feeling of something impending. One must continue to lead a
regular life as long as possible. Only in this way does one guard against a premature waste of
strength, keep free of blame and error that would become a source of weakness later on.
~ Profile
There are many different types of individual in this world, each of which can do some things better
than any other type. This man should be in a supporting role, letting others lead. He should let
someone else be the salesman, while he quietly waits on the sidelines, lending guidance and support.
Each member is an equally valuable part of the team. This is the kind of activity that persons with this
controlling line should pursue, no matter what career they elect to follow. In general, more success
will be achieved by working as part of a group than by operating independently.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be an honest and incorruptible official in local government
or business. He will exert influence, mainly from behind the scenes, and will achieve modest success.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a mild-mannered, mediocre person, living a rather
uneventful life.
Waiting for or avoiding action is better than impulsiveness.
Some danger may be near. Keep outside its imminent sphere. Do not do anything out of the ordinary.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) biding a delay (the conditions of or
during the delay, the time of waiting or not waiting, the moment of ultimate truth) in (for, at,
with) the calves, and/or ones impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Biding a delay (the conditions of or during the delay, the time of waiting or not waiting, the
moment of ultimate truth) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way
of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the
orders being given by the regional chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King (ruler,
ruling consensus).
If it is (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed) and alert, the results will be good, and there
will be advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) biding the delay (waiting), or not, while on the sand
by a stream.
One is calm, for what occurs is central.
Although one will (or might) suffer the (small) injury of being spoken against, in the end there
will be good fortune (profit, or advantage)."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will, or should be) calmly pursuing ones course, but without
going too far (beyond natural limits), i.e. not to the extent of exposing oneself to danger (difficulties, or
the incalculable). Others may gossip about this (either about one being calm, or about one not going
as far as they think one should), but there will be good fortune in the end, as one is (was, might, will,
or should be) acting in accordance with the laws of nature (the Universe).
"One is waiting on the sand": one occupies ones position in the center with a generous forbearance
(expecting the best of things - it be justified or not). Though one will suffer the (small) injury from
being spoken against", one will bring things to a good issue.
This is indicated by the central position of this line in the lower trigram (the light, creative, strong,
Great, active, or filling).
Sand is near the bank of the river, and the water means danger. Under the occurring circumstances
one delays on the sand, thereby not engaging oneself in the danger (and/or difficulties) of the river.
Disagreements are (were, might, or will be) occurring because of this. General unrest can easily

develop in such times, and we lay the blame on one another. One who stays calm will succeed in
making things go well in the end. Slander will be silenced if we do not gratify it with injured retorts.
Thus, the occurrence of this line may hold the warning that instability and dissension can bring one to
the brink of conflict (danger, difficulties) or the brunt of slander. One should remain calm and
discerning.
General comment
In ancient times, when the Yi Jing came into being, there were no bridges, so to cross a stream one
waited on the bank, either for a boat, or for the water to subside. Water symbolizes danger. One
standing on the sand by a stream is very near the water (danger), and may be overcome by it if it
suddenly rises and surges in his direction. Crossing the water symbolizes the carrying out of some
great enterprise.
~ Profile
Therefore, those depicted here are desirous of achieving progress, and are willing to face the
dangers that their prospective enterprise will entail. Others, less visionary and daring, will talk
adversely about the projects, which may do them some temporary harm, but this will not stall the
activity and in the end good fortune will ensue. Persons with this controlling line are quiet individuals
who make careful plans with vision, and execute them with daring. Their lives will be centered around
these dominant characteristics.
Most auspicious (in the best case): Good omens will prevail throughout his life and he will become
honored and well known.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will he a happy-go-lucky wanderer, and a persuasive talker,
possibly a confidence trickster. His later years will be more stable and personally beneficial.
Take note of signs, and know when you are impeded.
Watch what is taking place without participating in it. Then strike at the right time.

3
during the delay, the time of waiting or not waiting, the moment of ultimate truth) in (at, for,
with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the
design and/or application of the laws to live by, and their influence on (their capacity to
change, and/or transform) what is (was, might, or will be) occurring.
Biding the delay (waiting), or not, while in the mud (next to a stream);
This invites the approach of injury and evil.
Seriousness and caution (respect and consideration) prevent defeat (and/or destruction)."
JLK: Make certain to be serious and cautious enough, in order to prevent defeat.
The 3rd line is the place of the hips, the backbone, the ego, the know how, one moral codes, and/or
(a period of) transition. By not intervening (taking action) in time (in order to take things into the right
direction), one invites degradation and injury. If one is somehow delayed or stuck in these places
and/or domains, it may be time to intervene, or there will be (more) problems.
This is also the top line of the lower trigram, the light. In line 3 of hex. 1 the Light (the Creative), we
see a superior one who is (was, might, will, or should be) creatively active, without rest. Still, one
must always be able to act reliably and to move (as) with the speed of light, which can not be done
when exhausted (or otherwise reduced or handicapped). Thus, one may have to adjust what to invest
ones strength into, and let rest what need no (direct, foreceful, and/or insistent) intervention.
It can be contradicting to decide if one should intervene, or decide not to intervene. Yet the choice has
to be made, and it should allow one to be at ones best (optimal) strength, while taking action where
such is required (the most urgently), in the most efficient of ways. Let one be aware that some things
fall into place (as) by their own.
The time of deciding to intervene or not intervene leads to Ultimate truth.
Gathered sources: When one is stuck in the mud (and/or quicksand) one is vulnerable to all kinds of
calamities and/or attacks, including by thieves. Often, merely being in such a disadvantageous
position is enough to invite these difficulties.
Thus, under the occurring circumstances, when exposing oneself to what lies at the exterior, one
encounters misfortune due to the fact that one is (yet, still) too weak, too small, or acting in ways that
are not (correctly) adapted to the time and/or circumstances, and/or that are unlawful (and/or too
unconventional, i.e. not abiding by conventional or commonly used laws or methods).
One is (was, might, or will be) "waiting in the mud": calamity is close at hand, as depicted by the
upper (outer) trigram.
One invites oneself the approach of injury, and/or is allowing outlawry to "culminate" (i.e. for the
uncontrollable and dangerous to grow). But if one be serious, cautious, respectful and considerate,
one will not be defeated, and/or prevent destruction.
Mud is no place for waiting, since it is already being washed by the water of the stream. Here, instead
of having gathered strength to cross the stream with only one try, one has made a premature start
that has got one no farther than the muddy bank. Such an unfavorable position invites enemies from

without (the exterior) who naturally take advantage of it. Caution and a sense of the seriousness of
the situation are all that can keep one from injury.
~ Profile
The persons symbolized here are similar to those born under line 2, but not so wise or clever. They
want to be daring and accomplish major enterprises (crossing the water), but while waiting they are
standing in the mud. Anyone so doing will be limited in the speed with which he can take action and
the directions in which he can move. An enemy can easily catch and harm one so mired. This is most
evident in the animal kingdom, where predators stalk their prey at watering-places. Hence these
persons are not wise and knowledgeable, as they ought to be for the things they are trying to
accomplish. Since Yi Jing is a guide, not a book of facts, such persons can circumvent this portent by
learning wisdom and gathering wise persons about them, or by setting their sights on less difficult
goals than those originally selected. (Read also what is written under line 2.)
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will attain some wealth and fame, but will be worried and
melancholy much of the time.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be obstinate, headstrong and hardhearted. He will not
listen to good advice, but will find recklessness, and vain and foolish talk pleasing. He will have no
real achievements in life.
Whenever action is bogged down, beware of encroaching dangers.
It is as if one were stuck in mud, with danger near. Exercise extreme care.
during the delay, the time of waiting or not waiting, the moment of ultimate truth) in (for) the
heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
biding a delay (the conditions of or during the delay, the time of waiting or not waiting, the
moment of ultimate truth) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by)
the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant,
the one who is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or reliability).
One is (was, might, or will be) (as) biding the delay (waiting) in a pit (or hole), amidst blood.
One must get out of (what is as) the pit (or hole).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) yielding (giving in), and obeys.
Thus one will get out of the pit (or hole)."
JLK: In a pit of blood, anything will do to get some relief. By obeying (yielding, and/or sticking to) the
right principles, i.e. based on "Ultimate Truth", one will get out of the pit.

Thus, this line is indicating that things may end as being "in a pit of blood", even if this is not yet in
sight. Based on "Ultimate Truth", one has to decide either no to wait and do anything that will help to
get some relief and possibly (hopefully) get out of the pit, or on the contrary, wait things out, adapting
oneself to the circumstances as best one can.
If for the matter at hand everything seems "fine" and going well for one (and/or for what is at the
center of the matter at hand), then one is (probably) not anticipating (enough) potential danger that
lies ahead. By that time it may be that one's only option left is to be trapped in a pit of blood, forced to
wait.
This is the first line of the upper trigram the water. The presently occurring situation is further
described in the 4th line of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness), where we see one who
gets handed out an earthenware bowl with nourishment, through a window. This will in some form
have consequences for the matter at hand, or reflects one of its essential (impact-having) aspects. It
may point to sharing nourishment, giving (handing) it out, and/or receiving it.
This line also occurs in the middle of the upper inner trigram, the fire. Line 4 of hex. 30, the Fire (the
Illuminating, That Which Sticks And Exhausts) shows a fire that is at its end, and abruptly dies down.
It points to the importance of using ones time in the best possible way, and making sure that what one
leaves behind will be good.
Gathered sources: "One is (was, might, or will be) (as) waiting in a pit amidst blood": one
accommodates oneself to the circumstances and requirements of the time, however terrible (bad), or
trying they may be.
Here, the situation is extremely dangerous. It is of utmost gravity now - a matter of life and death.
Bloodshed seems imminent, or has already occurred There is no going forward or backward. One is
(was, might, or will be) as cut off as in a pit.
This means that, at present, one is either in the position to avoid such a situation, doing anything to
stay out of the pit, or that one has already fallen into it, which means one has to stand fast and let fate
take its course.
In the latter case, such a composure, which keeps one from aggravating the trouble by anything one
might do, is the only way of getting out of the dangerous pit (out of which "one must get out").
This is a weak line in a weak place. Consequently, although in the midst of danger and hemmed in
between two strong lines (the trigram Kan stands for danger and a pit), it does not make things worse
by pressing forward. Instead it submits, and the storm passes over.
General comment
Remembering that the Yi Jing was developed in ancient times, one can see the image here is of one
who has fallen into a pit or trap along his course. No action is (was, might, or will be) possible. One
can neither advance nor retreat. One is (was, might, or will be) either injured (or trapped) oneself, or
in the midst of blood from an injury to someone, or something else.
~ Profile
The persons born under this line are unfortunate individuals, who, no matter what they try and do,
never manage to achieve much success.
Here again though, the adversity of fate can be be overcome through proper self-development. If the
path of self-improvement is not attempted, then such persons should stand firm in what is right and let
fate take its course. In the end all will be released from the pit.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a talented and upright person, who will learn how to
avoid trouble, but will face severe difficulties in both his personal and professional life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will leave home early in life, and there is a possibility that his
parents may die during his childhood. He will have only a poor education, and will be a wanderer,
performing menial tasks.
When progress is halted, retreat and regroup.
There is still danger near. Let matters take their own course.
during the delay, the time of waiting or not waiting, the moment of ultimate truth) in (for, with)
the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in)
the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling
consensus), and/or through (in) the way one is nourishing (and/or taking nourishment).

advantage.
To bide the delay (to wait), or not, while eating and drinking.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) feasting, eating and drinking.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be or should be) as applying what is like a feast (a
lively gathering), which through ones firmness, virtue, and correctness, brings good fortune
(profit, or advantage) because of the central and correct character of it.
There is good fortune (profit, or advantage) in firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and

divination."
JLK: This line may advice to wait (delay) and gather strength by appropriately nourishing oneself, and
feasting (enjoying things, and/or relaxing). If not waiting brings such about, then this is also correct.
The nourishing, and feasting (enjoying things, and/or relaxing) is (was, might, or will be or should be)
occurring as a result of (or as associated with) waiting (delaying), or not waiting (not delaying).
Gathered sources: The "appliances of a feast" and "the good fortune through being firm and correct",
are indicated by the central and correct place.
Alternatively, this line may indicate that there is a risk of one consuming too much of (what can be
like) alcohol (or other intoxicating substance). At present, whereas it is good to apply what is like a
feast, it is not good (to allow oneself) to get out of balance, to go to the extreme, or to abuse.
Even in the midst of danger there come intervals of peace when things go relatively well. If we
possess enough inner strength, we shall take advantage of these intervals to fortify ourselves for
renewed struggle. We must know how to enjoy the moment without being deflected from the goal, for

perseverance is needed to remain victorious.
This is true in public life as well. It is not possible to achieve everything all at once. The height of
wisdom is to allow people enough recreation (rest, delay) to quicken pleasure in their work until the
task is completed. Herein lies the secret of the whole hexagram.
It differs from hex. 39, the Obstacle, in the fact that in this instance, while waiting, we are sure of our
cause and therefore do not lose the serenity born of inner cheerfulness.
General comment
Here, (what is as) a feast has been prepared, and there is an abundance of all things available for the
taking. One can relax and enjoy the bounty available to one. Perseverance, as used here, means
knowing when and how to act propitiously.
~ Profile
There is a right time at a banquet to eat certain foods, and these persons will know all that they need
to know, and will do everything that needs to be done, wherever they find themselves. The result will
be that they will have an abundance available to them, as at a banquet. These persons are blessed
by Heaven.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of noble character, occupying a high position. He
will carry out his duties and responsibilities well, and will be highly respected. He will exercise good
judgment at all times. There will be no hardships in his life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will attain only a modest position professionally, but will have
a good family life and no major problems.
Determination and persistence bring success.
Success is certain, so you can relax and wait. Retain the determination to act when the time is ripe.

6
during the delay, the time of waiting or not waiting, the moment of ultimate truth) in (for, with)
the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) entered into the cave (a hole, or pit).
Three unexpected guests arrive, without being urged (and/or invited).

If one will receive them respectfully, there will be profit (good fortune, or advantage) in the
end."
JLK: This line describes a situation that is essentially unfavorable, since one initially finds oneself in a
cave. Yet if one will respectfully honor a sequence of opportunities, one may get out of the cave.
Conversely, if one fails to use these opportunities, there can be no advantage.
Gathered sources: If one will rightly honor each person and/or opportunity that occurs (or arrives),
there will be good fortune.
The guests and/or opportunities that occur may present themselves in a group of three, and/or they
may occur at three different occasions (and different times), and/or in three different ways.
Although that which occurs (and/or the occupant) and the place (where things are occurring) are not
planned for each other in advance, as they are "unexpected", and "not being urged" (i.e. uninvited),
and although they may therefore possibly not be suited to each other, there has been (was, or will be)
no Great failure.
The fact that one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) in a cave (a hole, or pit), indicates that
one has found some kind of shelter, albeit not the most favorable one. This makes it possible to
attend to the unexpected guests (opportunities, or other occurrences) in relative peace.
Here at the top of the trigram Kan, meaning danger (difficulties, liveliness), the person represented
seems to have tried every possible way to overcome the danger (or difficulties) without success, and
has withdrawn within himself. Everything seems to have been in vain, and no way out is in sight.
Suddenly, three unexpected guests arrive (these may represent persons, ideas, or opportunities). He
asks himself if they are friends or enemies. The advice is to honor them, and they will reciprocate by
either showing, or helping him to find, a way out of his difficulties and the path to success.
Often, thoughts or people strange to us, regarding which we have doubts, later prove to be our
salvation.
In the "site of Yin" text, the Chinese word used for "cave", is "xue". It's the same ideogram which
occurs in the text of line 4, but in that case it's translated by "pit" (or hole). So here, the cave can be
both a shelter and a trap. However, under the present circumstances a good outcome is possible with
politeness and circumspection towards the unexpected guests.
This line may indicate a situation where the waiting is over, and danger (difficulties) can no longer be
averted. One has (or had) to withdraw in a shelter (a cave, or hole) or falls (fell) into the pit, and must
yield to the inevitable. Everything seems to have been in vain. But precisely in this extremity things
take an unforeseen turn. Without a move on one's own part, there is outside intervention. At first one
cannot be sure of its meaning: is it rescue or is it destruction? A person in this situation must keep his

mind alert and not withdraw into himself with a sulky gesture of refusal, but must greet the new turn
with respect. Thus he ultimately escapes the danger, and all goes well. Even happy turns of fortune
often come in a form that at first seems strange to us.
~ Profile
Those persons born under this line are daring and enterprising individuals, who are willing to try
almost any means of achieving success. By their continued activity, new inspirations arise.
Sometimes, however, they must temporarily relax in order to let new thoughts enter. When these do,
if they are respected and explored, regardless of how strange they may seem at the time, then
difficulties will be overcome.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will become an eminent scholar or civic leader. He will be very
ambitious early in life, but will quieten down appreciably later. He may become a recluse in his senior
years.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be humble and modest, giving and receiving help, and in
general will avoid troubles. He will have a modest, uneventful life.
Employ wisdom constantly, since nothing ever has a final' ending.
Your creative strength and wisdom come to the fore from within yourself. Put your trust in your
intuition.

Hexagram 6, the Conflict (the War, the Dispute)
- Song (Sung)
The theme of this hexagram war, conflict, and/or dispute which can be fatal or in some cases
avoided, and/or which can lead to what is bad, or on the contrary, to what is good.
The Image says:
"the conflict; the war; the dispute; the dissent; the sorrow; the arguably conflicting;
the "classic song":
Heaven and water are opposing (in conflict).

Heaven (what is light) and water (what is lively) move in opposite directions (away from each
other, or colliding).
This is the image of the conflict.
Thus the superior one, in accordance with this, in the transaction (and handling) of affairs is
(was, might, will, or should be) taking good counsel about his first steps. He is (was, might,
will, or should be) recognizing the beginning, and initiating moment of each and everything
that occurs, and which one has, or will have to deal with.
The Great Man will not begin (start) any kind of undertaking, unless fully prepared, planning
everything that occurs or that might be occurring, rationally, and intuitively."
JLK: Hex. 6, the Conflict (the War, the Dispute), shows the image of Heaven (the light, what is strong,
Great, creative, active, male, loving) and water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the
memory) moving in ways that are not in accordance with each other. The water moves downwards (in
an inferior way), while Heaven moves upwards (in a superior way). This leads to conflict (war, dispute,
sorrow).
The conflict (war, dispute) will affect, and/or occur within (and/or in the context of) what is as a family,
as symbolized by inner hex. 37, the Family Bond (the Allegiance, the Commitment).
In a general way, this hexagram may hold the advice to notice the early signs of conflict that could
occur, due to actions of the one (or those) at the center of the matter at hand, and/or due to one (or
the other party) being treated in ways that are unfair and/or inferior (weak, small). If one is already in
a situation of conflict, the superior one will (or should) choose to be practical, and avoid further
(unnecessary) embroilment.
Gathered sources: Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) and water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) move in opposite directions (away
from each other, or colliding).
Heaven, which is depicted by the upper trigram, has an upward movement, and water, which is
depicted by the lower trigram, tends to move downward. Thus, these elements move away from each
other or in collision, depending on the context and position they appear in.

The fire (the enlightening, brilliant, and/or exhausting), here depicted by the lower inner trigram,
occurs before the light (the active, creative, and strong). Only after the fire has shined and exhausted
somewhat, will the light appear.
Characterwise, the attribute of Heaven (the light, what is strong, Great, creative, active, male, loving)
is righteousness and strength, while the attribute of water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the
incalculable, the memory) is guile and cunning. Where cunning has strength before it (as symbolized
by the Heaven trigram appearing at the top), there is conflict.
A third indication of conflict is presented by the combination of deep cunning within (below) and fixed
determination outwardly (above). A person (or any kind of occurrence) of this character will certainly
be quarrelsome.
The image of this hexagram indicates that the causes of conflict are latent (occurring) in the opposing
tendencies of the two trigrams. Once these opposing tendencies appear, conflict is inevitable.
To avoid it, therefore, everything must be taken carefully taken into consideration in the very
beginning. In accordance with this principle, if rights and duties are exactly defined, or if, in a group,
the spiritual trends of the individuals harmonize, the cause of conflict is removed in advance.
JLK: In most cases, the occurrence of this hexagram will concern a matter of conflict and/or a dispute,
not all out war. This is why in the commentary to the lines, preference is given to using the term
"conflict" over the others. However, there is but a mere difference in scale and intensity between what
each term stands for. If left unresolved or unchecked, even the smallest conflict and/or dispute may
turn into a devastating war with all its catastrophic implications.
The Judgment says:
"Conflict, war, dispute, dissent, sorrow, arguably conflicting, a "classic song":
Alliance which has found opposition turns around in distrust.

Having confidence is obstructing. Be alert; Near to protection.
At midpoint there will be good fortune; At the end misfortune.
The superior one is (was, might, or will be) encountering conflict (war, dispute, dissent)
Even though being sincere, he finds obstruction.
A cautious stop, midways (before going on), brings fortune.

To carry or push an affair until the bitter end is (was, might, or will be) bringing conflict or
misfortune, unless one will be able to resolve and negotiate (to bring back love and
understanding).
It will be advantageous to see the Great Man.
There is (was, might, or will be) no advantage in crossing the Great stream (river, or water)."
Gathered sources: "Alliance which has found opposition turns around in distrust": where two parties
initially were allied, they now (will) distrust each other. One of the parties may resolve to cunning and
deception, or merely choose to be unfaithful and/or insincere.
This hexagram may point to a situation where although there is sincerity in ones contention (or in the
way that what is occurring is contending), one is (was, will be or might be) meeting with opposition
and/or obstruction in the form of cunning and/or deception resulting in conflict. But if one cherishes
(chooses) an apprehensive caution, there will be good fortune, while, if one must prosecute the

contention to the bitter end, there will be misfortune which will lead to evil.
This hexagram may indicate that under the present circumstances, it is good to keep the middle at
solving the problem (occurring at the center of ones inquiry) [JLK: and/or to avoid going on altogether,
and/or until the end]. This hexagram learns us to avoid conflict, whenever possible. In the end, there
is no real gain (advantage) in not doing so.
It will be advantageous to see the Great man (and/or learn from his ways). It will not be advantageous
to cross the Great stream.
Conflict (war, or dispute) develops when one feels oneself to be in the right and runs into opposition.
If one is not convinced of being in the right, opposition leads to craftiness or high-handed
encroachment but not to open conflict (war, or dispute).
If one is entangled in a conflict (war, or dispute), ones only salvation lies in being so clear-headed and
inwardly strong that one is always ready to come to terms by meeting the opponent halfway. To carry
on the conflict (war, or dispute) to the bitter end has evil effects even when one is in the right,
because the enmity is then perpetuated.
It is important to see the Great man, that is, an impartial man whose authority is great enough to
terminate the conflict amicably to assure a just decision. In times of strife, crossing the great stream
(river, or water) is to be avoided, that is, dangerous enterprises are not to be begun, because in order
to be successful they require concerted or unity of forces. Conflict (war, or dispute) within weakens
the power to conquer danger without (at the exterior).
Commentary
In conflict, righteousness and sincerity are not sufficient by themselves. Plans should be made
carefully, considering all aspects, before any enterprise is begun. If conflict develops later, one should
use caution and not force matters to their ultimate conclusion, nor for the advancement of any
enterprise.
In this hexagram, Qian, the trigram symbolizing the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong,
right, male, loving), symbolizing strength, is in the outer or external position, over Kan, the trigram
symbolizing the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), symbolizing
cunning, within [JLK: due to it being in the lower, inferior, position].
External strength leading internal cunning is certain to result in conflict, unless channeled and guided
correctly.
~ Profile
The strength without (at the exterior) tends to make individuals with this natal hexagram persons of
great external drive and forcefulness, to which most people react unfavorably. In the majority of cases
it would be better for them to halt half way (compromise, or find a middle ground), rather than try and
take matters forcibly to an ultimate conclusion, whereby misfortune would be likely as a result of the
antagonisms generated.
The wisdom needed by such persons should be sought from those of a superior character. By
following their advice, good results can be expected. If such help is not available, it would be best for
these persons to forgo any major enterprises.
Fundamentally, persons born under this hexagram have some strong inner conflict to overcome
before their external actions will be productive of major success. They will certainly be quarrelsome,
unless they find a way to anticipate and resolve any cause for conflict by taking the right attitude as
well as by careful consideration of anything they have to deal with.

Lines
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) conflict (war, dispute, dissent) at the beginning
(in the early stage, when young).
Conflict (war, dispute, dissent) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or unavoidable) (as) at
(in, and/or with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor),
If it leads to what is (excessively) superior (Great), the results will be good, and there will be
advantage.
If it leads to what is (excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and there will be
misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not prolonging (and/or perpetuating) the
conflict (war, campaign, or dispute) and/or the matter about which the contention is (was,
might, or will be).
Then one is (was, might, or will be) suffering the small injury of being spoken against (and/or
gossiped about), but the end will be fortunate (profitable)."
Gathered sources: If the occurrence of this line concerns a matter, issue or contention at hand, then
its unequivocal advice is: do not prolong the conflict (war, or dispute) to the end!
While a conflict (war, or dispute) is in the beginning stage, the best thing to do is to drop the issue or
find an appropriate appeasing way to resolve it. Especially when the adversary is stronger, it is not
advisable to risk pushing the conflict to its final implications. It may be wound down to a small dispute,
but in the end all goes well.
One is (was, might, or will be) suffering the small injury of being spoken against (and/or gossiped
about): those who are small (inferior) have words about one (or what occurs). However, the end will
be fortunate.
JLK: Here, it may be the fact that one is not prolonging what is at hand (i.e. the matter of contention, a
conflict, dispute, or campaign) that provokes gossip ("turbulence", or disagreeing opinions), but this is
a relatively small price to pay, and the end will be fortunate.
Alternatively, this line may point to the fact that what is at hand (i.e. the matter of contention, a
conflict, dispute, or campaign) will be short-lived (on the scale of things, relatively).
Additionally, it may advice not to wait and/or doubt (causing dissent, stirring conflicting thoughts
and/or ideas) too long, and not to let things go on in that state. Then there will be some "turbulence"
(dissenting opinions, gossip), but things will turn out favorably.
General comment
Pressing a conflict (war, or dispute) through to the end makes enemies and/or damage, which will
quite likely result in further difficulties. Ways should be found to solve problems quickly, without either
side losing face.
~ Profile
The advice for individuals with this controlling line is to become aware of their basic traits, and use
them to become negotiators rather than domineering tyrants, into which they could easily degenerate.

Remember too that problems often solve themselves when left alone. Keep striving for ever greater
wisdom.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be intelligent, wise, quick thinking, open-minded and
considerate. He will be aware of changes in affairs in advance, and for the most part will avoid trouble
difficulties. He is likely to be an orator, historian, counselor writer, and his life, in general, will be
beneficial and interesting.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be unable to envisage changes and situations correctly,
and hence will have but few achievements. In general, he will not be sufficiently knowledgeable or
persistent, in either his personal or professional life.
Avoid disputes, or else terminate them quickly.
Terminate any dispute quickly, and good fortune will be yours.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) conflict (war, dispute, dissent) in (for, at, with) the
calves, and/or ones impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Conflict (war, dispute, dissent) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or unavoidable) in (by)
the way of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in
(by) the orders being given by the regional chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King
(ruler, ruling consensus).
If it leads to what is (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed) and alert, the results will be
If it leads to what is (excessively) impulsive ("jumpy"), and/or too slow (sluggish), the results
The conflict (war, campaign, and/or dispute) cannot be (could not be, or might not be) carried
out successfully;
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) unequal to the contention.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) unable to keep things under control.
If one retire (withdraws, or flees) and/or keep concealed where the inhabitants of ones city are
only (what are like) three hundred families (and/or in a small town), one will fall into no
mistake."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, one does not have the capacity to win the conflict at the
center of the matter at hand. One is lacking the required strength, know-how, balance, and/or other
critical competence and/or resource(s).
The advice to retire and/or keep concealed "where the inhabitants of ones city are only (what are like)
three hundred families" (and/or in a small town), may suggest not to be like those of a big town,
and/or a large settlement, i.e. "the majority", "most (other) people". The conflict and/or challenge one
is considering may be right for most, but not for all. Here, under the occurring circumstances (and/or
for the time being) one should choose (and/or accept) to be different than "most" (the majority, and/or

large numbers of) people. It may suggest one should dare to be different, albeit not isolated, but being
part of a small group.
Alternatively and/or additionally, it may hold the suggestion to find refuge amongst (and/or help from)
those who are "small in numbers", not "the majority", not (much) noticed, and/or marginal.
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, or will be) unequal to the
contention (the challenge or task at hand), therefore the advice is to retreat, or flee (if still possible,
and still before the issue being inquired about has come to pass).
It may mean that there is no way to win the conflict (war, or dispute), or simply that this is not (yet) the
right time for such a challenge. The reason for this is that one is (was, might, or will be) unable to
keep things under control.
The original Chinese text shows an ideogram of a house with supporting beams, symbolizing a
supporting structure. Here, the support is failing.
To contend from a lowly (inferior) place with someone above (who is superior, and/or stronger) brings
self-incurred suffering.
Concealing oneself with the "three hundred families", may point to the fact that by retreating, or even
fleeing, numerous family members and friends will benefit from such a course.
In a struggle with an enemy of superior strength, retreat is no disgrace. timely withdrawal prevents
bad consequences. If, out of a false sense of honor, a man allowed himself to be tempted into an
unequal conflict, he would be drawing down disaster upon himself. In such a case a wise and
conciliatory attitude benefits the whole community, which will then not be drawn into the conflict.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) unable to engage in conflict, although in this hard (yang)
line in the middle of the lower trigram Kan (the water, the difficulties, the danger) intention to contend
is inherently present. However, since this second line is a yang line, it moves, and is changing into a
yin line. Thereby it conceals itself, and with the two other yin lines it forms (symbolizes) the town of
three hundred families who remain free of all entanglement.
~ Profile
A man of good common sense and practicality is depicted here. It is a wise course, when faced by a
superior enemy or circumstance, to retreat and reformulate plans, adopting reasonable ways rather
than dogmatically pressing forward without hope of victory.
The lower trigram is representative of water, which does not force its way when impeded but quietly
builds up until it overcomes its obstacle. Retreat is not surrender. It is taking advantage of time and
space in order to renew the struggle subsequently with better hope of success.
When necessary, retreat, reorganize, and revise plans.
You will perhaps encounter a superior force today. Retreat, regather your strength, and take a new
approach even though you might be inclined to continue the original argument.

3
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) conflict (war, dispute, dissent) in (at, for, with) the
hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design
If it leads to what is (excessively) free (unlimited) yet avoiding danger (difficulties,

If it leads to what is (excessively) restrained (limited) and/or leading to danger (difficulties,
Nourishing oneself on tried and true methods.
Danger at first, but in the end good fortune.
Keep in the background (and/or hold back), even though elements try to force one deeper into
the situation."
Gathered sources: The third line represents the lower position of man, and in this hexagram the
symbolism is predominantly indicative of character building.
This person has found something of great value to him personally, and he tries to make a
complete conversion at once [and/or lead, or bring, others to such a conversion]. He is not successful
because the old weeds have not been fully eradicated, but through persistence he will achieve his
goal in the end.
In such circumstances, while undergoing change, it is best to keep in the background, even
though there may be external pressure for advancement.
~ Profile
In life, such a person will probably branch out into a new field or career foreign to his rearing or his
parents' endeavors, and will experience difficulties in the early years but will achieve his goals later in
life.
Most auspicious (in the best case): For the first half of his life he is likely to be under the protection
and guidance of his parents, grand parents or close friends of the family. His success in nearly
everything will come with the aid of outside support.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will receive little or no outside support, but through diligent
study and constancy he will be able to overcome the numerous difficulties he will encounter.
Regrettably, he will not rise very high in life.
Sometimes it is right to keep in the background (and/or to hold back).
Keep in the background (and/or hold back). The use of force here could get you into deeper trouble.
Follow tried and true methods and you can achieve success.

4
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) conflict (war, dispute, dissent) in (for, with) the
Conflict (war, dispute, dissent) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or unavoidable) in (by)
If it leads to what is (excessively) well directed (stable), the results will be good, and there will
be advantage.
If it leads to what is (excessively) confused (unstable), the results will be bad, and there will be
misfortune.
The conflict (war, campaign, and/or dispute) cannot be carried out successfully;
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) unequal to the contention.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) unable to keep things under control.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) changing things (adapting oneself, and/or things) such
as to attain peace.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) returning back to ordinances (and/or customary duties
or ways), changes ones wish to contend, and rests in being firm and correct;
Thus, nothing is lost (or wasted).
One retreats and carries out divine will. This change in attitude brings good fortune."
Gathered sources: "One returns to ordinances (and/or customary duties), changes ones wish to
contend, and rests in being firm and correct": one does not fail that way.
Carrying out "divine will" (or "Heaven's ordinances") means that one is (was, might will be, or should
be) following the way of the Dao, where following the way of harmony is given priority over the way of
conflict (war, and/or dispute).
In the original Chinese text for "changing things such as to attain peace", the ideogram used for
"changing" shows "zhou", a "boat" crossing "shui", the "water", or "chuan", a "stream". This is
reminiscent of the commonly found Yi Jing comment of "crossing the Great stream", which refers to a
major change.
Thus, here (under the occurring circumstances), the warning is that when a conflict (war, campaign,
and/or dispute) cannot be carried out successfully (i.e. leading to failure, humiliation and/or disgrace),
one must change immediately, without further delay, and in a major way.
In another version of the Chinese text, an image attached to this line is that of "not letting go", as
when not dropping something that one is holding in the hand. This results in the idea that one is to
find peace and/or harmony while not letting go or loosing what one has already acquired or won.
While there are times where continuing with a failed, humiliating or disgraceful attempt might have
educational values, merely through the benefit of participating in what is occurring, under the present
circumstances priority must be given to finding peace (as best as possible) and harmony, without
further delay.
The occurrence of this line may refer to a person whose inner attitude at first lacks harmony and/or
peace. He does not feel content with his situation and would like to improve it through conflict (war,
campaign, and/or dispute). In contrast to the situation of the second line of this hexagram, one is
dealing with a weaker opponent and might therefore succeed. But one can't carry on the fight
successfully, because right is not on ones side. One cannot justify the conflict (war, campaign, and/or
dispute) to ones conscience (constituency, and/or interests). Therefore, one is (was, might, will, or
should be) turning back (retreating) and accepting ones fate. One is (was, might, will, or should be)

changing ones mind and find lasting harmony and peace in being at one with eternal law and divine
will. This brings good fortune.
~ Profile
This man is inclined to carry on a conflict and to try and improve his situation. This is contrary to
divine will, so he has to retreat, attain inner peace, and then follow the course he intuitively knows to
be right for him. The striving comes from being ambitious and trying to get as far ahead as possible,
possibly beyond where he has earned a right to be.
This person should remember that nothing is useless in the hands of the Creator, and that each
human being serves a purpose, wherever he is and whatever he is doing. Riches, fame and fortune
are not ends in themselves but are only valuable for the uses to which they are put. Man is but a
custodian. Usefulness is demanded here. When a career of usefulness is selected and followed, this
man will find ever greater inner peace, and will have good fortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a consistent, persevering, merciful person, following
and promoting peaceful paths for himself and his country, with good results.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be too ambitious, and will offend people easily. He will
not know how to control himself inwardly and so will not have good fortune or a peaceful life.
If difficulties arise, see whether a change of attitude might be required.
Your conflict cannot be carried on successfully today. Change your attitude and accept divine will, and
the troubles in your situation will be resolved.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) conflict (war, dispute, dissent) in (with) the mouth
(the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in) the way
things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus),
and/or through (in) the way one is nourishing (and/or taking nourishment).
If it leads to what is (excessively) supportive (sympathetic) and/or overcoming conflict (being

advantage.
If it leads to what is (excessively) authoritarian (repressive) and/or foolish (ignorant, lacking
Bringing the conflict (war, campaign, and/or dispute) before a qualified arbiter is (was, might,
will, or should be) resulting in supreme good fortune.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) contending; And with Great good fortune!
Because one is central and correct."
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, one is (or may have to be) using some form of
qualified arbitration (such as a competent and impartial court), mediation (a negotiator), or
intermediate.

In this case, engaging in the conflict (war, campaign, and/or dispute) may result in Great good
fortune, although there is no guarantee that it will be won, as this depends on other factors (for which
indications may appear in other strong lines).
"One contends (and resolves things), and with Great fortune": this is (was, might, or will be) shown by
ones holding to the due mean and being in the correct place.
This line may refer to an arbiter in a conflict, who is powerful, just, and strong enough to lend weight
to the right side. A conflict (war, campaign, and/or dispute) can be turned over to him with confidence.
If one is in the right, one attains good fortune.
JLK: Conversely, if one is not in the right, and/or if the arbiter is not qualified or impartial enough,
there can be no good results.
~ Profile
This line is very favorable in all aspects, and reflects a wise person endowed with good judgment,
who knows the right course to take in all situations and circumstances. Consequently, he will have
many highly favorable achievements. He will also be energetic, persistent and consistent in all that he
undertakes. His actions will be worthy of emulation by others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be learned and practical. He will have many
advancements in life, and will attain a high position from which he will exert great influence.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): With the occasional help of a qualified (and honest) arbiter (or
judge) he will follow the right courses, and will achieve a very favorable local position and influence.
Only make use of qualified persons or ideas, for success.
Take any major argument before a qualified arbiter. If right is on your side you will have much good
fortune.

6
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) conflict (war, dispute, dissent) in (with) the head
(the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
If it leads to what is (excessively) wise (correct), and if its application is right, the results will
be good, and there will be advantage (and/or negative consequences will be limited).
If it leads to what is (excessively) unwise (flawed), and/or if its application is wrong, the results
Conflict (war, campaign, and/or dispute) without end.
Even rewards earned three times will be taken away.

Even if one obtains the leathern belt (of honor), three times in a morning (before the morning
ends) shall it be taken away from one!"
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) receiving the leathern belt (of honor),
or robe, through ones contention, but still, one is (was, might, or will be) not deserving of respect: one
loses it (at least) three times "in a morning" (before the morning ends, i.e. before the middle of the
day, long before the end of the day).
Signs (or symbols) of honor, like the leathern belt, which are obtained through a conflict (war,
campaign, and/or dispute), i.e. a humiliating way of doing things, carry little (real, or genuine) honor.
This line may refer to someone who has carried a conflict (war, campaign, and/or dispute) to the bitter
end and has triumphed. He is granted a decoration (proof of success), but his happiness and the
benefits of the honor don't last. He is (was, might, or will be) attacked (encountering opposition,
difficulties, and/or discord) again and again, and the result is never ending conflict (war, and/or
dispute).
JLK: In a more general way, this line indicates that there is no honor to be found in fighting, and/or
engaging in conflict (and/or pursuing), for what is at the center of the matter at hand.
General comment
This is the topmost position in the cycle of contention and conflict, symbolizing that conflict has been
carried on to victory and rewards have been received. This peace, however, does not last because
the right way in which to terminate the conflict was not found.
~ Profile
The top men in the professions, industry and business are symbolized here, those who have attained
their goals through persistence and ruthlessness. Such people are dynamic, but they do not realize
that what is won by force can be taken away by force, and so they are involved in endless difficulties
and never find true peace or happiness.
They should not feel sad about this, since such people are needed, and serve useful purposes for
others, even though they suffer appreciably themselves.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be very ambitious, and will dare to try when others dare
not. He will disregard personal safety in favor of a high goal, and he may gain considerable wealth
and status, but he will have a struggle to keep it.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may attain more than the average person does, but will lose
it later. His household and business affairs will generally be in a state of disorder.

Avoid force or obstinacy.
What is won by force can be taken away by force. Do not recklessly take arguments to their ultimate
conclusion through force.

Hexagram 7, the Army (the Disciplining, Dealing With Crowds)
- Shi (Shih)
The theme of this hexagram is bringing discipline to the multitudes and/or "reservoirs of strength", or
vice versa, when the multitudes are causing discipline. Like when disciplining an army, or when a
multitude of men forces one to install discipline (an organized way and practice of doing things).
The Image says:
"the army; the disciplining; disciplining the multitudes (the crowds); dealing with crowds:
In the middle of the earth there is water.

Within the earth the water moves in incalculable ways.
This is the image of the multitude, and the discipline, as well as disciplining of it: (as that of)
an army.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) increasing (bringing strength to) his
crowd by being generous to the people.
The Great Man will feed the people (providing for their livelihood), treating them with consent,
(while) conceding and being well-willing.
Thus, he nourishes the conditions for having, installing, or creating discipline (among the
multitudes), nourishing and capturing the hearts of the people, and awakening their
enthusiasm.
JLK: Disciplining by using methods that are (excessively) harsh and/or severe, usually fails.
Adapting and being supportive (and/or sympathetic) wins, when it matters."
JLK: Hex. 7, the Army (the Disciplining, Dealing With Crowds), shows the image of water (liveliness,
difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) occurring in (within, or below) the earth (the
receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). In the Chines 5-elements context, the earth is
understood to "break" (or control) water. It shows how disciplining is achieved (or attempted) of what
is lively and incalculable, and occurring in great numbers (as a "multitude", a crowd, crowds).
Successful disciplining of an army (the crowds, the multitudes) is closely associated with a form of
"closing of the roads", as symbolized by inner hex. 24, the Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing
of the Roads), such as to keep outside what should not interfere negatively, and to associate with
those who are ones friends (and/or what is friendly or befriended).
Disciplining by using methods that are (excessively) harsh and/or severe, usually fails (at some stage,
in some way or another), because they will cause resentment and fuel resistance that will gradually
grow into a refusal. This is especially true when dealing with mature (grown) individuals, while those
who are young can altogether be destroyed by such methods.
That's why the Great Man will always prefer to work at capturing the hearts of the people, awakening
their enthusiasm, to motivate the crowds into adhering to his discipline (way of conduct), keeping
negativity outside. Enthusiasm can be awakened in ways that are modest, while still entirely
appropriate and effective.

Gathered sources: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) achieving true discipline (an
organized way and practice of doing things) by being generous. Thus, he nourishes the conditions for
having, installing, or creating discipline (among the multitudes), nourishing and (thus) capturing the
hearts of the people, awakening their enthusiasm.
JLK: On the other hand, the inferior one, as represented by the upper trigram of the earth (the
receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark), and which here may get the "upper hand", will
fail to achieve genuine (true, effective) discipline, because he will be dragged down (sooner or later)
by inferior motives and/or ways of doing things.
The superior one will restrain what is inferior (weak, passive, small, dark) by applying the properties
of the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), and the thunder
(arousal, shock, movement, consequences), appearing in the position of the lower inner trigram.
Conversely, this hexagram may hold the message that if there is falsehood (refusal, ill-intention,
incalculableness) in either of several who are interacting (and/or influencing), there can be no good
results (discipline), and there will be misfortune (evil).
Alternatively and conversely, if the influence of the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open,
female, dark) is excessive, combined with water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable,
the memory) in a low position, this hexagram may indicate that one is treating others in a way that is
too general ("sweeping", undifferentiated, without nuance), as when dealing with a crowd. Sooner or
later this will lead to errors and/or misfortune. The incalculableness of the water (liveliness, difficulties,
the danger, the incalculable, the memory) requires that one take into account what is unique (difficult,
and/or dangerous), and impossible to anticipate.
The Judgment says:
"An army, discipline, disciplining the multitudes (the crowds), dealing with (the) crowds:
The army, the multitude, and the disciplining of it: one can not do without it to achieve
success, unless merely depending on chance (haphazard, and/or incalculable circumstances).
Looking ahead as (by) strong and responsible men.
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination in a correct, and virtuous way,
will bring fortune (profit, or advantage) to those who are in a position of authority (ruling, or
governing), and will make them avoid making mistakes (or errors).
Then, there is no mistake (no error) to be blamed for.

This brings good fortune."
JLK: If (at the center of the matter at hand) there are (were, might, or will be) "strong and responsible
men", then there will be no mistake, and the results will be good. If not, things can only result in
calamity and lawlessness.
Gathered sources: This indicates that success and good fortune occur thanks to the discipline (an
organized way and practice of doing things) that is applied, it be to others or to one's assets,
strengths and talents.
Being gentle and firm is always to be preferred over backhanded and cruel. Such discipline will
always lead to superior results.

JLK: But one has to be prepared to resist unreasonable (disproportional) strength, opposition, and
cunning, learn (understand) about how to deal with it, and apply the right discipline to be able to
gather the strength and/or agility necessary for the task at hand (ones goal).
Commentary.
Man is a microcosm of the macrocosm. Water in the earth indicates a reservoir of strength and power
available for use when needed.
Similarly, the people of a nation are a reservoir of strength and power, hence the symbol of an army.
Man, as the microcosm, has within himself a vast reservoir of strength and power which is his own
army, and which he can call upon as his expeditionary force as he ventures through and contends
with the vicissitudes and obstacles of life. There is no question about it, perseverance, along with
correct and strong leadership, will bring good fortune.
~ Profile
Persons born with this hexagram as their base are destined to be self-willed and generally
independent individuals. They will be wise with regard to their own resources, and will use them
judiciously, as a general would when conducting a military expedition. Naturally, some will be more
wise than others, as is reflected in the various controlling lines. Sages use all their resources, mental,
physical and spiritual, in the most propitious combination, to the best advantage.
Those born in the seventh month [August - September] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) an army (the disciplining,
disciplining the multitudes, dealing with crowds) in (at, for) the feet (in the beginning, when
The army goes out according to (following) the (old, or usual) plan (or rules).
Under the presently occurring circumstances, or conditions, this is (was, might, or will be) not
good, and brings misfortune.
There may occur virtue that is (was, might, or will be) obstructing (in this case): it’s a pitfall
(danger, difficulties, peril).
An army (or organizing a multitude) should not be based on just any kind of discipline (or way
of doing things). Without the right kind of discipline, nothing will move correctly, or hold back
(and restrain) when this is needed. Nothing will avoid a disaster.
Thus, if the plan (order, or way of ruling) is not (yet) good, misfortune threatens.
JLK: If the pipes play a melody that is bad (weak, small), the music will be bad (weak, small),
and thus the living (liveliness, fertility) will be bad (weak, small).
Let one choose what music (melodies, expressions of emotions) to live by;
If it is good, others (those who are small) may not be able (or wish) to share in it (for long).
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) aware that he might lack maturity and
wisdom in his (first) steps; Therefore he is (was, might, will, or should be) reading the signs
(omens) in order to adapt (himself, things) appropriately.
Under the occurring circumstances, this is not the right time to do (and/or view) things the
way one is (was) used to do (and/or view) them, and/or merely basing oneself on wishful
thinking or contrived (erratic, immature) wisdom (understanding, knowledge).
Yet if one desists and/or adapts, nothing bad should remain of it (things)."
JLK: For the matter at hand the risk occurs that there is (was, might, or will be) not enough good "chi",
i.e. energy, and/or discipline. If one desists (and/or adapts ones ways), nothing bad should remain of
it (this, and/or things).
Gathered sources: Here, there is (was, might, or will be) a disaster, due to the "crashing", falling
away, or inappropriateness, and incorrectness of (an already existing, certain kind of) discipline (or
way of doing things).
At the beginning, before the army goes out, order is imperative. First, a just, correct, and valid cause
(or purpose) must exist, and second, the obedience of the troops must be well organized, otherwise,
the result is (was, might, or will be) inevitably failure, and brings misfortune.
The army (the organized multitude, or organizing of it) occurs (operates) according to (following, or
fulfilling) the (old, or usual) plan. But at present this is not good: first something must be changed,
allowed to be changed, or be changing (things). If things seem predictable this is not good.

This line occurs in the lowest position (at the bottom) of the lower trigram the water (the pit, abyss,
liveliness, danger, incalculableness, or Ultimate). It is (as) hidden away on a distant border, in front of
the abyss, as pictured by the 2nd line (the middle line of the lower trigram), (far) below (under, ahead,
or in front of), and concealed from the earth (the small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear,
yielding, open, or female). It therefore indicates the beginning, the marching forth of the army
(disciplining the multitude).
The water trigram indicates order and the correct use of the army (and discipline). If the line changes,
this (lower) trigram becomes Dui (the wealth, joy, happiness, and sadness), whereby (of course) order
is upset, for (distracting, or uncontrolled) joyousness (as with mere "fun") is not the proper frame of
mind for the onset of (what is like) a war (disciplining the multitude in (a) conflict).
The original Chinese word used for rules, "lu" (in the translated text of the line referred to by the word
"plan"), in ancient times also meant "pitch pipes".
The idea that may be contemplated here and that is attached to this line, is that in ancient China it
was thought that the "chi", "qi", "energy of the breath", general energy, capacity of "punch", or "humor"
(good mood and moral) of an army (a multitude) could be measured by the sounds emanating from it
(by the "pitches" produced in association with the "breath", the wind, or the way of organizing). If
these sounds were regular (and harmonious), as in a musical scale, it meant the army had (lived,
moved, or acted by) set and fixed rules. However, in some cases this could also allow the opposition
(or that which opposes, and obstructs, consciously, or subconsciously) to know (all too well), and
anticipate the movements of the army, which then would be a serious mistake (error), and which
could lead to misfortune.
Thus, then, the occurrence of this line could on one hand mean that the occurring "melodies" (pitch
pipes, or ways of doing things) are not in tune (not in accord, or agreement) with each other, or on the
other hand that one should not let ones (usual) melody (tune, or ways of doing things) be known to
the enemy.
Alternatively, here it may be that the enemy is (was, might, or will be) controlling, influencing, and/or
determining the melody and/or which tune "gets played". Then one ends up "dancing" to the others
(the enemy's) "tune", and/or "pipes".
Furthermore, the original Chinese word used for virtue "zang", also stands for slaves (slavery), or
(war-) loot.
This results in the image where the army (or multitude) tries "to operate according to the (rules of the)
pitch pipes" which here is useless, and brings disaster.
What really matters is that which will nourish, and/or determine the energy (or the amount of it) used
for the work at hand, or the way it is done, and the correctness of the working conditions. At the core
of the issue is the fact that one should not allow slavery, or let someone work without any fee. This
means that (some-) one (or something) may need a form of (substantial) compensation.
Thus, here, if there is discipline, it may not be the right one, or it may be time to adapt and change
first, allowing for something that will surprise or be less predictable, but still disciplined and
"substantially nourishing": in order to surprise, or confuse ones enemies (or that which is weak, small,
receptive, passive, or open).
(Also) if the (renewed and correct kind of) discipline, or (new) rules are (were, might, or will) not (be)
put in place (correctly, adequately, in, with, and through time) before one starts moving (taking action),
there will (still) be chaos, danger, difficulties, and misfortune.
JLK: "Yet if one desists (and/or adapts), nothing bad should remain of it (this).": When this is the only
strong line, this hexagram changes into hex. 19, the Approaching (Moving Towards, the Anticipating),
which shows a possible positive outcome if one follows the instruction given here.

~ Profile
The persons symbolized here are learning how to marshal together all their varying resources, for
whatever enterprises face them. Some learn more quickly than others and hence are more
successful.
Out of the ordinary persons are depicted here, since ordinary people tend to act without deep
thought, using visible factors only. These persons understand that there is more to life than just what
is observed, and are beginning to use all the other factors. With continued use and experience they
will progress and make improvements. Those who do not think, plan and act in this manner will find
their lives ruled solely by chance, and will consequently be subject to much misfortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a good, unselfish leader with a love for people, and will
accomplish much for the benefit of others. He will make good fortune for himself and will probably
become rich and noble.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be fascinated continually by new things and new styles,
with a disregard for ancient culture and lore. He will be unstable. If he becomes rich early in life, he
will lose his riches.
Establish proper order at the beginning.
The right measure of discipline must be introduced at the beginning of any enterprise for it to be
successful.
disciplining the multitudes, dealing with crowds) in (at, for) the calves, and/or ones impulses
(the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) an army (disciplining, disciplining the
multitudes, dealing with crowds), when managing things regionally (and/or intermediately),
and/or in (by) the orders being given by the regional chiefs and/or the temporary
(intermediate) King (ruler, ruling consensus).
If one is (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed) and alert, the results will be good, and there
will be advantage.
If one is (excessively) impulsive ("jumpy"), and/or too slow (sluggish), the results will be bad,
The general who is (was, might, or will be) standing in the middle of the army (the multitude),
is (was, might, or will be) very fortunate, and free of blame.
There are no mistakes.

(Therefore,) three times will one (or what occurs) be honored by the King (the ruler, or
governing)."
Gathered sources: The leader should be in the midst of his army (of the multitude, the activity), in

touch with it, sharing good and bad with the masses he leads. This alone makes him equal to the
heavy demands made upon him. He needs also the recognition of the ruler. The decorations (honors)
he receives are justified, because there is no question of personal preferment here: the whole army,
whose center he is, is honored in his person.
It is the fact that the King (the ruler, or governing) is honoring one (three times), and holding one in
high esteem, that is the reason of the fortune (profit, or advantage) that one (or what occurs) is (was,
might, or will be) experiencing.
This is also the (main) reason why one is (enjoying) being protected by the army (the multitude).
In a general way, this means that the fortune comes from being honored (or "blessed") by who (or that
which) is ruling the situation (and/or the dominant consensus), which is also the reason why the
situation itself gives one some form of protection.
JLK: Conversely, if the matter at hand shows that one is not (as) "standing in the middle of the army",
i.e. if one is acting alone, without regards for others, and/or without valuable feedback from ones
"army" (fellow fighters, and/or collaborators), then there are mistakes, and there can be no
advantage.
General comment
In the interpretation of the Yi Jing, the fifth line is usually the ruler, or the 'king.' In this hexagram, line
2 is the ruler, so a general is depicted.
~ Profile
Applied to man, this shows a strong leader operating his forces in a skillful and successful manner.
He is equal to the demands made of him, and so capable, that, on the whole, he will make no major
errors. The receiving of triple decorations signifies that he is blessed by Heaven. Such a person must
at all times be aware of the responsibility he shoulders and the fact that he cannot separate himself
from it without evil creeping in. Here he carries out what is required of him, and is appropriately
honored or rewarded.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be courageous, firm, upright, non tyrannical and
considerate. He will exercise good leadership, and give nourishment and benevolence to the masses.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a local leader of note, receiving much respect and
honor. His life will be free from major errors.
Ideal leadership brings blessings.
If in an authoritative position one has complete freedom of action. Exercise leadership today and
good fortune will result.

3
disciplining the multitudes, dealing with crowds) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the
If it is (excessively) free (unlimited) yet avoiding danger (difficulties, entrapment), the results
If there is improper leadership, this brings disaster.
If the army (the multitude) is (was, might, or will be) carrying wagons (trucks) full of corpses
(deceased ones, dead things, dead weight, old debts), this means there is (was, might, or will
be) a Great disaster!"
Gathered sources: This indicates that (under the occurring circumstances) there is (was, might, or will
be) a time of Great disasters or defeat, due to improper leadership.
On the other hand, the meaning may be that when the (undisciplined) multitude (the masses, the
crowd) obtains the control of the army, or if there occurs control in a way that is (felt, experienced as)
too incalculable (dangerous, foolish, inexperienced, and/or erratic), there will be disorder, calamities,
and disaster, as well as defeat.
Corpses are a symbol of disaster. What is dead should be buried. Carrying the appurtenances of
defeat will only lead to continuing misfortune.
JLK: When dealing with a past of tragedy and darkness, the only way to turn things around is to follow
three steps. First, one should "bury" the past (whatever one wishes this to denote), but one should
certainly not forget it. "Not forgetting" means one should face up to the past (and have the courage for
that), forgive what should be forgiven, and learn the lessons from the past that will help one make
decisions so that one will follow the path to what is good and light. In order to be able to walk this
path, one must firmly choose to follow it with determination, courage, and sincerity. One should then
create appropriate "space" (and/or opportunity) in ones life, so that goodness and light have access,
and can find their way into it. For this, one should create "openings" with unceasing effort, otherwise
one will forever keep returning to the tragedy and darkness that is (was, might, or will be) at the origin
of the problems for the matter at hand. There will be sadness, but gradually better times are bound to
occur.
In a more general way, this line may warn against incompetence, and carrying burdens (sadness
and/or loss of any kind, "corpses", wreckage, garbage) from the past, and/or an old ("dead", obsolete)
way of doing things, instead of setting and realizing (appropriate) new objectives (while putting all
ones resources at work for these), and looking forward.
The second line of this hexagram is a strong yang line in the place of the general in the field, amongst
his army. This 3rd line is a weak yin line above that of the general, and tends to take over the
command and wreck the strength and pertinence of (the general of) the 2nd line, which is
inappropriate and leads to a disaster. The 3rd line shows how strength and leadership is being
blocked and/or sabotaged.
The ancient Yi Jing texts associate a certain sense of uncertainty with this line (including the term
"perhaps": "perhaps the army is carrying ... corpses"). It may be that the leadership of the 2nd line is
weakened by the sabotaging influence of the 3rd line which causes confusion. It may be that the
whole chosen line of action is confused, or that one is (was, might, or will be) confused about how to
bring a matter to its (rightful) conclusion.

General comment
The leadership and organization are incorrect. Neither the principal leadership nor the subordinate or
delegated authority are being exercised properly, as might be the result of a weak woman being in an
important position without being qualified for it. Such a person has found the means of rising in status
or position, but as a result of poor judgment and improper values, leaves a trail of corpses in her
wake.
~ Profile
Basically, this is a warning for you - with this controlling line as your base - to note these
characteristics, and to take steps to overcome and eliminate them in order to achieve success in life.
The correct qualities and traits are available. You should find them and use them.
Special indications on auspiciousness for this line are:
Most auspicious (in the best case): You will be a weak leader, neither trusted nor respected unless
you take firm steps to improve yourself.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): You may make some attempt at leadership, but with poor
results. You will have a hard and short life.
Inept leadership is damaging.
The assignment of inept or inefficient personnel or ideas could lead to bad results. Exercise care.

4
disciplining the multitudes, dealing with crowds) in (at, for) the heart (the thorax, ones body,
ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
an army (the disciplining, disciplining the multitudes, dealing with crowds) is (was, might, will,
or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-
The army is (was, might be, will be, or should be) in retreat.
Then there is no mistake (in this); No error, no blame. No need for censure.
The legions are (were, might be, will be or should be) left resting;
The secondary (or "the left") is to be (were to be, might be, will be or should be) resting as
well, this is without fault;
Contemplating, yet not letting go of the rules (purpose, or principles);

Indeed: this is (was, might, or will be) rejuvenating."
JLK: Here (under the occurring circumstances) the advice is to give things a rest, which may mean
that one should not engage in any type of conflict. It does not necessarily mean there should be no
action, just that any action should be leisurely and non-confrontational. Only then will there be no
mistake or error.
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, by resting (letting things rest, or letting things
that would demand ones effort go) there is no mistake (no error, and no blame), and nothing goes
wrong, as there will and has been no failure in following the proper course (or purpose). Withdrawing,
stopping (halting), and resting are normal military activities.
The "secondary at rest", indicates the left ("hand"), the inferior, the assistant or deputy, to be at rest as
well.
There is (was, might, will, or should be) an occasion to rest (regenerate, rejuvenate), to observe, and
to apply the rules. One should conserve (restore or reorganize) ones energies and be tactful
In some cases this line may point to how when being in face of a superior enemy (or opposition) with
whom it would be hopeless to engage in battle, an orderly retreat is the only correct procedure,
because it will save the army from defeat and disintegration. It is by no means a sign of courage or
strength to insist upon engaging in a hopeless struggle regardless of circumstances.
General comment
Cautious leadership is depicted here. This is a valuable trait in many walks of life. Even the most
daring leader must retreat occasionally and alter his tactics. Here, deliberateness in all activities is
presaged.
~ Profile
Often people who are deliberate in all activities (i.e. extremely cautious), will not make moves, even
when haste is apparently indicated. This can be annoying to others, but in the end it is seen that the

leadership was correct and that no error was made.
This type of deliberate leadership stems from wisdom and not in any way from weakness or
cowardice. The situations that such a person will face in life will be those in which this type of
leadership is appropriate.
Most auspicious (in the best case): In good times he will have a position of leadership in a business
or profession, or with the government. In adverse times he will take steps to help avoid disasters and
troubles. His leadership will be worthy of emulation by others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will find stability if he remains humble and calm, rather than
trying to force his methods and ideas on others.
In difficult situations, exercise deliberate leadership.
Halt or retreat on the course you are pursuing. The time is not propitious for action.
disciplining the multitudes, dealing with crowds) in (at, for) the mouth (the throat), through (in,

advantage.
There is (was, might, or will be) game in the field.

One is (was, might, will, or should be) catching it.
The eldest son is (was, might, will, or should be) leading the host.
If the younger son is (was, might, or will be) not transporting (carrying away, clearing up) the
corpses (or what was damaged), then there is (was, might, or will be) calamity."
Gathered sources: Correct organization and leadership are depicted here. Game (some form of profit,
or nourishment) is available, and this signifies opportunities. However, these opportunities can only
be seized with competent leadership, combined with adequate support (such as from other members
of the family and/or clan). If either of these are lacking, than the results will be calamitous.
The eldest son, in other words (those who are) the most experienced, must take the lead, just as in
any successful business enterprise the best qualified are (or should be) the leaders in all
departments.
The younger son, (those who are) the less experienced, must not be left idle but should be assigned
a specific task or responsibility in support of the major effort, even if it consists of taking care of
casualties or damages.

The fact that game is occurring in the field may also point to the fact that it has left its usual haunts in
the forest and is occupying the fields, possibly devastating it or ruining something about it.
This points to an enemy invasion. Energetic combat and punishment are here thoroughly justified, but
they must not degenerate into a wild melee in which everyone fends for himself. Despite the greatest
degree of perseverance and bravery, this would lead to misfortune. The army must be directed by an
experienced leader. It is a matter of waging war, not of permitting the mob to slaughter all who fall into
their hands. If they do (such), defeat will be the result, and despite all perseverance there is danger of
misfortune.
~ Profile
Persons here must do the same (as the oldest and youngest son in their respective contexts) in the
conduct of their lives.
Opportunities are available to them. Their duty to society demands that they go after the "game".
Each of their inner resources must be organized properly and propitiously, and none should be left
idle. All must cooperate and work in harmony for the accomplishment of major goals, with each doing
that for which he is most capable. Unless this responsibility to self and to others is carried out, there
will be misfortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will advance readily in a proper way, and will perform acts of
merit and achieve great respect. He will be famous and popular, and will have a good family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be learned, and may become a "country
gentleman". His household will be in good order, with the eldest son capable of handling all
affairs. If he acts rashly he will encounter difficulties.
Good leadership always consummates whatever is begun.
Whenever opportunities present themselves, take action with appropriately experienced persons.

6
disciplining the multitudes, dealing with crowds) in (at, for) the head (the leader, the ruling
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) accomplishing a mission.
The King (the ruler, the governing, or superior one) gives directions and issues his (ones)
mandates (authority) for the new order (or state of things) to his prince (his associates or
executives), and rewards the faithful (and/or the followers) with land (that which will be able to
bring forth nourishment).
The Great Man controls (possesses) (his) fate (or destiny).

He issues commands, opens cities (centers of activity), bestows dwellings, founds states, and
vests families with fiefs; He may (also) do so in order to reward merit properly.
The Great Man (the leader, ruler, or governing) has given, and/or is (was, will be, might be, or
should be) given a mandate (full authority, or a mission), in order to let the work (or "things")
progress in a satisfactory way.
Inferior persons should not be employed.

(Some-) One (and/or those) of average (mediocre, or inferior) capacity would be useless, and
should not be employed, as such a person (entities) would only make everything go wrong,
and cause confusion (in the country)."
Gathered sources: Here, the fate (or destiny) of what is occurring is (was, might, will, or should be)
controlled by (under the authority of) one who is Great (superior), or by a Great or superior principle.
The war (the conflict) that one is (was, might, or will be) dealing with has (already, in essence) ended
successfully. One is (was, or will be) victorious.
What occurs (that which is at the center of ones inquiry) is illustrated by the image of the King (the
ruler, or governing) who is dividing (sharing, opening, or making available) estates and fiefs (pieces of
land, that which will be able to bring forth nourishment) among his faithful vassals (or associates).
It is of importance that inferior people (small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, or open) should
not come into power. If they have (already) helped, let them be paid off with money, but they should
not be awarded (bestowed with) lands, or the privileges of rulers (governing, or in authority), as power
would be abused, or occur at a place (or in a way) that is inappropriate.
Thus, this line may point to the fact that here, only those who are Great are (were, might, or will be)
successful. In this case, Greatness is (was, might, will, or should be) manifested in the fact that one is
capable of orienting the will toward a self-imposed goal, and/or to impose a direction.
It may alternatively or additionally point to the fact that here, a superior person is (was, might, will, or
should be) given a mandate (full authority), and/or is (was, might, will, or should be) endeavoring to
fulfill a noble (sacred, or superior) mission. This may be associated with performing certain rituals
(protocols, or methods), when dividing (sharing, opening, or making available) that which is able to
bring forth nourishment.
In the comment for this line, the original Chinese ideogram "chun" used to indicate "the Great Man"
shows a mouth and a "director", which implies giving orders (directions), as coming from (or

concerning) the mouth.
Thus, this line may hold the advice that in order to be victorious, one should carefully give directions
(to others, or to things in general), thereby disciplining what appears as a "multitude" (of things, or
occurrences).
In this hexagram, the line in the top place of the hexagram shows the victorious end of war. The Great
prince (the ruler, or governing) is (described) in the 5th place (the preceding line). Here, as
occasionally elsewhere in the case of a six at the top, an additional statement concerning the line in
the fifth place is given as from the outward (exterior), objective standpoint. Furthermore, a positive
situation (if such will be the outcome of the present circumstances) in the top line of a hexagram is
generally very fortunate, as it is a position where thing can get easily out of hand.
Yet, cautiousness is appropriate, considering the gloomy statements of the 6th line of inner hex. 24,
the Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of the Roads), where one may become all astray on
the way reversing (or returning) is to occur, and where one may come to move astray of the way of
the Great Man.
The merit that is (was, might, or will be) rewarded is that as described by the nine in the second
place. The inferior people are represented (described) by the six in the third place.
JLK: The 6th line of the inner hex. 24, the Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of the Roads),
shows one who fails to understand that this is a time to close the roads. Depending on the situation,
this may be contradicting with the idea of "an army" disciplining "the multitudes", but here it is the
discipline inherent in the wisdom that is followed that matters, as it will come into action (be
manifested) in what is as "7 days".
The line's text mentions: "Inferior persons should not be employed." Thus, the main focus for the
occurrence of this line may be that one should understand when (potential) associates, things, ways
of doing things, and/or certain (technical) solutions or materials (or mechanical parts), are not up to
the task they are asked to accomplish (realize), and/or when the time is not right to associate with
those who are weak(er) and/or inferior.
General comment
Proper assignments need to be made. Some persons are great leaders of men (in the field of battle)
while others are great administrators. Results have been achieved by the expeditionary forces, and
the military leaders are rewarded. The troops are paid off and sent home. Peacetime rule is
implemented in both the new and old territories.
~ Profile
Rare are the men who are great leaders in the field and capable administrators as well. All effort must
be duly rewarded, but for continued progress the right people must be employed, in every
circumstance and condition one encounters.
In a man this should be reflected in flexibility at all times, mental, physical and spiritual, and the
utilization of those attributes which best suit any given set of circumstances. Those persons with this
controlling line will have the innate ability to accomplish these things.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a person who knows and follows the right way,
and who will be honored by superiors. He will have worthy achievements and a long life, and
he may inherit wealth from his ancestors.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may be a wolf in a lamb's skin, presuming upon

people and cheating them by false pretenses. His life will probably be. unfortunate.
Delegate responsibilities appropriately.
Your goal has been achieved. Now employ only highly suited personnel or ideas to administer
it.

Hexagram 8, the Solidarity (the Supportive Association, Unifying Support)
- Bi (Pi)
The theme of this hexagram is solidarity, the unifying, associating and coming together (of things or
people).
The Image says:
"the solidarity; the supportive association; holding together; the unifying support;
those united; the supportive connection; the "two" being all; that which is "more":
On the earth the water flows.

This is the image of the unification, the solidarity.
That which unites and what is shared by everyone and everybody is water.
Thus the old Kings decided to share their states, in fiefs, and they cultivated friendly relations
with the feudal (trustworthy) princes.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) choosing (and/or learning about how)
to be supportive (sympathetic) and hold together with what is right (good, superior, great,
light, strong, creative, loving);
This way he is (was, might, or will be) avoiding (and/or protecting against) the anger of what is
wrong (weak, inferior, small, passive, female, dark, evil).
On the other hand, those who are inferior (weak, small, passive, female, dark, evil) are
incapable of choosing what is right, and/or will (at some point, in some ways) make mistakes.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) studying which things associate (hold)
together, and/or can be associated (combined), and which don't and/or can't.
The Great Man will naturally (instinctively) know what to be supportive of (and/or be
sympathetic with), and in what way this should be manifested (experienced);
This is because he always acts in accordance with Heaven's law, and/or the ruling principle."
JLK: Hex. 8, the Solidarity (the Supportive Association, Unifying Support), shows the image of water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) floating on top of (and influencing)
the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark), thereby filling up all the voids
(holes). This results in the idea of unifying through what is common (shared).
For genuine solidarity, certain things will have to fall away (and/or be let go of), as symbolized by
inner hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling Away), so that other things can be
joined (made supportive).
Gathered sources: The water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory),
(depicted by the upper trigram, fills up all the holes on the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak,
open, female, dark), depicted by the lower trigram, and stays there. The water adding up in several
places will join into one big flow leading to the sea. This is what gives the idea of the unification and

solidarity.
"Thus the old Kings decided to share their states, in fiefs, and they cultivated friendly relations with
the feudal (trustworthy) princes: showing how, like several flows of water joining together, flowing into
the ocean, social organization should also show solidarity.
Symbolically, the image of this hexagram connotes holding together and the laws that regulate it. The
same idea is suggested by the fact that all the lines of the hexagram except the 5th, the place of the
ruler, are yielding (yin). The yielding lines hold together because they are influenced by someone of
strong will in the leading position, one who is the center of union. Moreover, this strong and guiding
personality (occurrence or principle) in turn holds together with the others, finding in them the
compliment of ones own nature.
Thus, the image indicates that the theme and the key for success or lack of it will have to do with the
(right type of) union (solidarity) between people, and/or the unifying (solidarity) of things, the way
people and/or things hold together and associate, the organization and the trustworthiness of it.
The name of this hexagram, "Bi" (Pi), was represented by an ancient Chinese pictograph depicting
two persons, one following the other. On one hand it suggests a social structure where there is a first
and second place. On the other hand it suggests a cooperation between two (or more) people (a
hierarchy). It’s the latter sense that is the most pertinent in this case, thus indicating togetherness and
association (of people or things), while there is cooperation between both (several) hierarchical
positions.
The Judgment says:
"Solidarity, supportive association, holding together, unifying support, a supportive

connection, being more than one and more than the sum:
This brings good fortune.
If one is acting in accordance with what is right and supportive, then there are no bad omens.
Numerous and overflowing are the blessings and the dangers (liveliness, incalculableness,
difficulties).
Inquire of the oracle once again whether you possess sublimity, constancy, and perseverance.
Then there is (will be) no blame.
Don't rest; It is correct to come.

Those who are uncertain gradually join.
If one is (was, or will be) late, there will be misfortune.
In that case there will be no connection.
What is weak will be devoted and will obey."
Gathered sources: While there are no bad omens, the warning attached to this judgment is that
solidarity and cooperation are only useful if they are timely [and appropriate]. Therefore being late [or
flawed], such as can occur due to being too hesitant and/or uncertain, brings misfortune.
The water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) indicates the multitude of
things that keep on flowing continuously. One must not rest facing them.
To come, indicates it is good to find the center: that by which everyone and everything can associate
and cooperate.

Commentary
The hexagram is composed of the trigram Kan, the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the
incalculable, the memory) over Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female,
dark). Waters on the earth all flow towards the sea, joining one another and uniting. The inner
hexagram, which indicates the hidden influence, is hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the
Falling Away). This is what leads to the advice to consult the oracle and discover whether one has the
qualities named, and if one is a true leader before assuming that office.
It is also the reason for stating that those who are slow meet with disaster.
~ Profile
Persons born under this hexagram will have a natural bent towards leadership, in whatever activities
they choose to engage in. A humbleness within is dictated for success, and this includes full analyses
and firm decisions before assuming any leadership. One's natural talents and abilities must be suited
to the circumstances. If they are, there will be a natural gravitation that will be productive for success.
Those not appropriately attuned will meet with difficulties, either through being late, or through
attempting to make progress individually.
Lines
"JLK: Solidarity (supportive association, unifying support, holding together, a supportive

connection) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with)
the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or in the way
of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
"Where there is solidarity (agreement, trust, and confidence) one (what occurs) is (was, might,
or will be) able to achieve a flawless (and faultless) cooperation (and association).
Let ones solidarity (trust, and confidence) be simple (not complex) and sincere, like a full
earthen bowl;
Then, in the end, good fortune comes from without (the exterior, or at the surface).
Thus, there can be some unexpected good fortune (profit, or advantage).

This means that although not all the results will necessarily be fortunate (depending on ones
good sense), there will still be some of it."
JLK: The "full earthen bowl" further indicates it's appropriate to be receptive like earth, while having
much to offer (since the bowl is full). It also symbolizes what is simple, yet sincere.
It is good to look for what can bring support and/or stability, and/or to avoid (or delay) starting
something new. This is indicated by the fact that this is the first line of the lower trigram the earth. In
the 1st line of hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the Passive), which shows how one is walking on
(what is as) hoarfrost, the early ice of winter.
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, good fortune comes from being full of sincerity
and (appropriate) confidence, even when dealing with difficult and/or unpleasant issues or individuals.

Fundamental sincerity is the only proper basis for forming relationships (it be between people, or with
a certain idea or virtue). This attitude, and the resulting solidarity, symbolized by a full earthen bowl, in
which the content is everything, and the empty form nothing, shows itself not in clever words, but
through the strength of what lies within the speaker. This strength is so Great that it has the power to
attract fortune to itself from without (the exterior, or to bring it to the surface).
The yin line occurring at the lower place indicates unexpected (good) fortune. This line stands at the
bottom. It's weak and in no direct relation to the ruler of the hexagram. But since the attitude in the
holding together is sincere - the line is at the bottom of the trigram Kun, the earth, whose attribute is
devotion - it will attain what it strives for, and this unexpectedly from the outside.
The earth (the lower trigram) here is symbolized by the "earthen bowl", the utensil for receiving the
blessing that comes from above in the form of water, food, or gifts. Sincerity will make it possible to
receive these.
JLK: On the other hand, the "earthen bowl" (or "earthenware vessel") may also symbolize the human
body. This line may therefore point to how human bodies can be sculpted and shaped, just like clay.
Vice versa, it's the resulting shape that expresses the sincerity that was put into sculpting and
shaping it. Ones sincerity should be as full and complete as is expressed through a perfectly made
earthen bowl.
It may also hold the advice that one should try to make the best out of things in the most sincere way,
turning unpleasant circumstances into advantageous ones, and turning those who are unfriendly or
hostile into useful companions.
General comment
Sincerity is the keynote of any successful union. With confidence as an added factor, the union
should be propitious, even though no gains are sought in the beginning.
~ Profile
These persons will be of strong character, and will have firm goals which they will pursue with
persistence and resolution. Their inner being will act like a magnet, attracting others favorably. Their
sincerity has the power to attract benefits from without. The results will be plentiful, like a full earthen
bowl'.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a sincere, truthful, plain-spoken and substantial person,
in a good position, attracting others readily and leading them beneficially.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be helpful to others. He will have virtually no hardships in
life, and everything will seem to flow freely and easily.
Attraction is attained through sincerity.
Work with one who is an innate leader, and good fortune will result.

2

connection) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, at, with)
the calves, and/or ones impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Solidarity (supportive association, unifying support, holding together, a supportive

connection) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the
the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the orders being
given by the regional chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King (ruler, ruling
consensus).
will be advantage.
Unification (association, cooperation, or solidarity) should begin (and occur) from within (from
one's own circle, and/or mind).
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination while being virtuous, and
correct will bring favorable results."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will, or should be) holding to the other (that which occurs, or
that which is at the center of ones inquiry) inwardly.
Here, perseverance brings good fortune. If one responds perseveringly and in the right way to the
behests from above that summon one to action, ones relations with others are (were, might, or will
be) intrinsic and one does not lose oneself.
But if one is (was, might, or will be) seeking association with others as if one were an obsequious
office hunter (and/or merely looking for personal gain), one throws oneself away. Then one does not
follow the path of the superior man, who never loses his dignity, and who never loses out of sight the
interests of the general good.
~ Profile
This line depicts someone who will be a strong and natural leader. Since this line is in the center
position of the trigram Kun (the earth) his success will primarily be in the material and physical
spheres rather than the spiritual and mental.
Also, as this is the first stage of the inner hexagram, things are not as auspicious as they would be if
another inner hexagram were involved. While he will have moderate leadership qualities, the
implication is that he should (or had to) devote some of his time to developing himself mentally and
spiritually, for a balanced life as well as a more productive one.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a sincere, honest, honorable and distinguished leader,
held in high esteem, and possessing much good fortune, especially in a material sense.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be honest, upright and sincere, and will attain
modest success. He may receive some help from his wife’s family.
External unity begins inwardly.

One's inner disposition and aspirations parallel those of the leader or ruler. Show loyalty
openly.

connection) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (at, for, with)
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) associating (holding together, unifying,
connecting, agreeing, trusting, being confident) with the wrong people (and/or entities), and/or
the wrong things (i.e. those who, or that which is bad, small, weak, receptive, bad, dark,
unclear, or "open").
JLK: But if one refrains from continuing (stop pursuing), not seeking office (and/or
association) oneself (for, and/or with what is at the center of the matter at hand), what
misfortune could befall one?"
Gathered sources: What is at the center of the matter shows "associating (cooperating, being
supportive, or holding together) with the wrong people (and/or entities), and/or the wrong things (i.e.
those who, or that which is bad, small, weak, receptive, bad, dark, unclear, or "open"): how could one
be (going on) doing this, without one (sooner or later) being punished for this?
We are often among people who do not belong to our own sphere. In that case we must beware
of being drawn into false intimacy through force of habit. Needless to say, this would have
evil and unfortunate consequences. Maintaining sociability without intimacy is the only right attitude
toward such people, because otherwise we should not be free to enter into relationship with people
of our own kind later on.
JLK: Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may point to the fact that one is associating with the
wrong things and/or with the wrong way of doing things, and/or at the wrong time (and/or occasion).
One is at risk of associating with what is not only wrong, but also destructive (extremely negative), i.e.
all the (potentially) negative manifestations represented by the earth trigram, the lower trigram of this
hexagram.
Still, if one stops one advance, and in particular will not pursue business and/or profit oriented
interaction, what misfortune could befall one?
~ Profile
These persons are poor judges of human nature and have difficulty in selecting proper goals.
This controlling line is at the top of the trigram Kun, earth, and in the middle position in the lower inner
trigram. It is this latter inner tendency which yearns for leadership and unity, but since it is at the
height of earthly matters, the unities sought are of the wrong kind.

Such persons will have a tendency to try and do things the easy way, which in the end will prove more
difficult. Those with this controlling line as their base are advised to seek and follow the counsel of
wise persons, rather than relying on their own judgments and inclinations, even though this may
seem difficult.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have inferior relatives and friends, and will have bad
relations with them. He will not attain his goals, and though he may acquire wealth temporarily, he will
not keep it. He will probably have a short life and no heirs.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a poor scholar, enjoying the company of mean and
disreputable persons. He may become afflicted with a serious illness, or incarcerated.
Look to yourself if you are attracting the wrong people.
Beware of associating with, or seeking to associate with, the wrong people.

connection) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for) the heart
(the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
Solidarity (supportive association, unifying support, holding together, a supportive

connection) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of
negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant, the one who
is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or reliability).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) associating at the exterior (outside,
and/or outwardly).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) seeking (searching, or moving towards)
association (cooperation, or solidarity) with others (the other, beyond the circle of ones close
friends and relations), and/or beyond the (ones) usual way of doing things.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) working through (with, and/or based on)
what is eminent (and/or leading).
The trial (test, and/or effort) is significant.
correct brings good fortune (profit, or advantage)."
Gathered sources: Here, there is (was, might, will, or should be) association, cooperation, and/or
solidarity with others (those, or that beyond ones immediate circle of friends and relations), and/or
with things or circumstances that one is not usually dealing with, and/or in a way that is not as usual.
Work with (and/or based on) what is eminent. If possible, try to work with (through) leaders (leading
ideas and/or domains).

Association, cooperation, and/or solidarity with others (those, or that beyond ones immediate circle of
friends and relations) should be pursued by working at first on (preparing) their leaders (the ruler,
ruling, governing, the dominant consensus, and/or leading principle or idea). This is the way to lead
them (and things) onto the right track (into the right direction, or way).
Here, the meaning of "exterior" is meant in contrast to what is located "within", as mentioned in the
2nd line of this hexagram. It evokes the image of people working in places other than their home, of
that which is unfamiliar, and/or foreign.
~ Profile
While every human being is a salesman to a greater or lesser degree, those depicted here will be
salesmen in a superior capacity, e.g. entrepreneurs, diplomats, statesmen, and negotiators. Such
persons will have a special gift for dealing with leaders in many fields, and, to go with it, the
necessary fortitude and persistence for success. Since the fourth line is the upper line for man in the
equal partnership between Heaven, man and earth, he will constantly strive to improve himself, and
will keep abreast of the times.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a modest man, rendering superior service to his
organization and its leaders. He will attain prominence and riches, which he will be able to retain. He
will have a good family life, and will render much service to others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): A life similar to that for the most auspicious is indicated,
generally favorable but to a lesser degree.
For successful accomplishments, work with leaders.
When seeking unity outside your own circle, cooperate and work with the leaders first.

5

connection) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the
mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in) the
way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus),

advantage.
What occurs is a manifestation (or illustration) of holding together (associating) in a glorious

way.
Like when at the hunt, the King (the ruler) uses "beaters" on three sides, letting some of the
prey escape on the side that is left unguarded;
The King (the ruler) is associating (cooperating, being supportive, or holding together) with
others, pursuing a goal, and covering things "at three sides", yet allowing some degree of
failure.
correct brings good fortune (profit, or advantage)."
Gathered sources: Here the image is used of a King who is hunting a prey while he uses "beaters"
(people who make noises in order to frighten the prey and make it move to a certain side). When the
prey comes toward the King's side it can be caught. However, the prey escapes on the one side that
is left unguarded.
This line indicates that when "hunting" it may be necessary to leave things to fate, by not guarding all
sides of the field where one is hunting. Thus destiny will decide which game is to be captured. This
way of handling was considered noble and generous.
The image of this line also illustrates how a virtuous leader should decide who of his followers seem
to be obedient and behaving according to his rules (laws): those who disagree, hesitate or have
doubts, should be free to leave.
JLK: This line may also point to the fact that somehow, one is (was, might, will, or should be) missing
something, it be a prey, a goal, an objective, or other. This may be good (appropriate) or bad
(inappropriate). It may be the result of a conscious decision and effort, or it may be an involuntary
consequence of the circumstances, it be due to ones own actions, or that of others. In either case, the
advice here is that one should respect fate, and not try to be successful every time, in every instance,
on all sides. It is the right way to act, or in some cases: not to act, or only act in limited ways. It is a
positive example of the principle of "not -doing".
Alternatively and/or additionally, as this is the middle line of the upper trigram, the water (liveliness,
difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), this line indicates how those who are Great
(strong, creative, active), symbolized by the fact that this is a yang line in the lace of the ruler (the 5th
position), let "escape" what is small and lively (dangerous, difficult, a memory).
The 5th line of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness), shows how one has to heed ones
(own) state (condition) and peacefulness. Therefore, letting escape what would cause one to waste
energy (life-force), and thus deviate (distract) from this, brings good fortune (profit, or advantage).
The 5th line of the inner hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling Away), shows how
such a course is (or should be) leading to gaining the trust of the "court ladies".

Gathered sources: The upper trigram, the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable,
the memory) can furthermore indicate a reluctance (or the difficulty) to hear, listen (to), or understand
(things).
~ Profile
Kingliness and benevolence characterize these persons.
Persons with this controlling line as their base will develop their inner characteristics to the point of
Kingliness, and will have a natural attraction.
Their purpose and aims will be high, but they will not force anyone to join in their enterprises against
their wishes. Hence, those who come will do so voluntary, and will be those who are meant to join.
This will result in blessings and benefits for all concerned.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a just and impartial person, helping others
and rendering service to mankind. He will most likely have a government position at some
time, at the executive seat of such activity (local, state, national, etc.).
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a just and upright person, and an open minded
man, willing to help others. He may have hardships early in life, with things
improving considerably later.
Kingly qualities produce supreme results.
Natural confidence prevails. You should exercise firm and just leadership. Good results can
then be expected.

6

connection) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (for, by) the head
If it is (and/or will lead to what is) (excessively) wise (correct), and if its application is right, the
If it is (and/or will lead to what is) (excessively) unwise (flawed), and/or if its application is
wrong, the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) with no head (no correctly leading principle,
and/or wisdom), while leading (unifying) the army (the multitudes).
And/or one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) with no place (no destination, no
direction) to complete things.
Under such circumstances, bad luck arises.
JLK: One (what occurs) should be embodying what is as "One" (whole).

If this is not yet attainable, this is regrettable. Still, there will be "oneness" in all."
JLK: The fact that one (what occurs) should be embodying what is as "One" (whole)" may point to the
necessity to find (focus, privilege) what binds oneself to others, and vice versa, such as common
interests, allegiance, a family bond, a memory, and/or a sympathetic resonance. If this is not possible,
the fact remains that there are links (bonds) between oneself and the others: thus, there will still be
"oneness" in all.
Gathered sources: Here, there is nobody "at the head", one is not finding a leader, and/or there is no
correct (appropriate) main, or unifying principle. It means that nobody (or nothing) is (was, might, or
will be) (truly, correctly, or propitiously) leading, ruling, or governing, and one can not achieve (truly)
wholesome solidarity (cooperation, association, holding together, and/or consensus) this way.
When there's no one to lead the army (the multitudes), bad luck arises. When one is without a (right)
place (destination, or direction) to complete things (or to move towards), this is (was, might, or will be)
bringing misfortune (difficulties, evil).
One must try to change ones way so that things can be considered, or be moving as "One" (solidary,
associating, and cooperating), so that this stimulates the self-confidence, and that which is good in
all, which will - as a return effect - also be beneficial to oneself, even if this can not immediately be
noticed.
In short: one must appreciate the need for a (righteous) leader, as well as a (correctly) guiding
principle and destination.
JLK: Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may indicate health problems that have to do with ones
head and/or brains (leadership qualities), which may (also) be the result of not applying correct
leading (guiding) principles (and/or ideas). If one can apply "wholesomeness", this can be
advantageous for dealing with the situation at hand, as it leads to such correct leading (guiding)
principles (and/or ideas).
This line may also hold the simple reminder to follow (the already known) Heaven's law, and/or
leading principle(s) (and/or instructions) for the matter at hand, and to make sure this will lead to a
planned (foreseeable) destination.
Additionally and/or alternatively one is (was, might, or will be) at risk of not understanding (and/or
applying) the "leading principle(s)" at work.

General comment
The head is the beginning. If the beginning is not right, then there is no hope of a right ending.
If we have missed the right moment for union and go on hesitating to give complete and full devotion,
we shall regret the error when it is too late.
~ Profile
The person depicted here is somewhat deficient in virtue, and others will not readily obey him.
Trying to lead without proper qualifications results in disaster. Similarly, if unity is sought without a
suitable leader, misfortune is probable. People cannot be brought together for the common good in
such cases.
Man, the microcosm, cannot unite the resources within himself without providing the proper
leadership for himself. This is advice for those born under this line to constantly re-assess
themselves, since what they externally reflect and achieve stems from, and is dependent on, what is
within.
Most auspicious (in the best case): If he does not improve, although he is a man of good personality,
he will lack in substance, and so will lose chances for advancement. He may well regret his ways,
and repent, too late.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will probably have a short life with many hardships. He may
withdraw into solitude.
Ineptitude destroys unity.
Striving to achieve unity without proper leadership results in failure. Heed this warning.

Hexagram 9, the Power of the Small (the Small Accumulating, Small Action)
- Xiao Chu (Hsiao Ch'u)
The theme of this hexagram is that of the power (strength, activity, creativity, greatness,
righteousness) of the small (weak, passive, receptive, evil).
The Image says:
"the power of the small; the small accumulating; the small action; the small ability;
the small fertility; the small sacrifice;
the taming power of the small (of that which is small); the capacity of what is small;
the power that comes with the capacity to deal with what is (the) small:
The wind blows upward, above (across) the sky, high in Heaven.
This is the image of the taming power of what is (the) small (weak, inferior, receptive, open,
female).
Any smallness can add up, or grow into something Great and huge.
JLK: Any small action can accumulate into something Great.
What is small and/or weak (inferior, open, receptive, female, dark, evil) tends to not be sincere,
for want of an opportunity to gain (something), due to not properly assessing what is a good
opportunity or not, because it (one) fails to understand (agree, accord with it, and/or adapt to
it).
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) making certain that when dealing
with what is small and/or weak, all is (are) directed (aimed) towards what is right (Great, light,
strong, creative, active, loving), and/or making things right (Great, light, strong, creative,
active, loving).
To overcome inappropriate accumulation of smallness in (and/or related to) himself and/or

others (what lies at the exterior), the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) refining
his being (and/or experience) on a general level, adorning (beautifying, and/or improving) the
outward manifestation (the body, health, and/or physique) that is (was, might, will, or should
be) (ultimately) the result of his virtue.
He (one, or what occurs) does not succeed to accomplish the big work by using his own
dynamic energies (only).
JLK: He is (was, might, will, or should be) reading the signs of what is to come in the smallest
of occurrences and how they add up, and he must be pertinent in understanding how small
things add up, and what their influence (impact) can be.
The Great Man will be able to demonstrate his great skills, even if he has to do so in a small
(and/or passive) way; Likewise, he will be able to recognize Greatness, if it is there, in even the
smallest demonstration of the capabilities of another.
JLK: He will direct (aim) all that is small and/or weak (inferior, open, receptive, female, dark,
evil) towards (into) what is right (Great, light, strong, creative, active, loving).

There is (was, might, will, or should be) accumulation and restraining thanks to what is (the)
small (weak, inferior, receptive, open, female, dark, evil).
There are dense or thick clouds, but there is (was, might, will, and/or should be) no (fertile)
rain starting (beginning) to fall down, coming from the western borders (or regions)."
JLK: Hex. 9, the Power of the Small (the Small Accumulating, Small Action), shows the image of the
wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the
justice system, banners, the experience) blowing high in the sky, spreading (confusing, penetrating)
and restraining (reorganizing) the clouds (chi), symbolized by the lower trigram of the light (what is
creative, active, Great, strong, loving).
This process contains opposition, as symbolized by inner hex. 38, the Estranging Opposition (the
Alienation, the Strange), which can either be constructive, or obstructing.
Any smallness can grow into something Great and huge. If what occurs is small, but appropriate, then
what will end up being Great and huge will be good. If what occurs is small, and inappropriate, then
what will end up being Great and huge will be bad or disastrous. So things better be right (good) from
the outset!
Gathered sources: This hexagram stands for the power of the small - of the shadowy and/or
receptive, yin - that restrains, tames or impedes.
A weak line in the fourth place, that of the minister, holds the five strong lines in check. It is the wind
blowing upward (across) the sky, mentioned in the text of the image. The wind restrains the clouds,
the rising breath of the Creative, and makes them grow dense, but as yet is not strong enough to turn
them into rain.
The hexagram presents a configuration of circumstances in which a strong element is temporarily

held in leash by a weak element. It is only through gentleness that this can have a successful
outcome.
Thus, what occurs, does so thanks to the smallness: the wind confuses and communicates,
especially because it can be of any size, and handle or influence almost anything. Here, it confuses
the light, Heaven, the character, or nature and creative energies of the superior one.
That which is created, or which is occurring is not caused by ones own (personal) dynamic energies.
There are "dense, or thick clouds, but no rain", in reality does not exclude that something is (as)
"falling down from the Heavens", but more precisely, that nothing is "falling down" (occurring), that
would carry blessings (water, fertility, or nourishment) like a (good and "healthy") rain-shower would.
The wind can indeed drive the clouds together in the sky (and so can it drive them apart). Yet, being
nothing but (a breeze or movement) made of air, without a "solid" body, it does not produce Great or
lasting effects.
Likewise, an individual, in times when one can not produce any Great effects in the (outer) world, can
do nothing except refine the expression of his nature (or way), (accumulating) in small (passive,
discrete, or weak) ways.
It also means that if something "falls down (as) from Heaven" under the present circumstances, it
might not be appropriate (not fertile), or even dangerous, as this may concern what is "the small"
accumulating.
Therefore, one must observe, and assess carefully (with apprehension, and vigilance), all that is
(was, or may be) "falling down from", or collecting (gathering) up (high) in Heaven.

"One (or what occurs) does not succeed to use (all of) ones own dynamic energies (only) to
accomplish the big work", means that one is (was, might, or will be) looking for help, using a tool
(weapon, or other means to fulfill one aim), and/or keeping things "rested" (restrained), or "gathered
together", like the clouds (that do not drop their rain) up in the sky.
The superior seeker, thus, should aim to concentrate on the outer aspect of his character (his way of
moving, and persona), as to be like impermeable; So that what is small can not take over ones
control and freedom to act, or succeed to confuse, and penetrate, in the ways of the wind, the wood,
the word, the structure, the organism, the string, the vessel, the confusing and softly but repeatedly
penetrating.
JLK: In hex. 44, Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching Relationship), the light and wood trigram
occur in reversed positions to the present hexagram, which shows an abnormal (disturbing,
confusing, chaotic) situation: the wood reaches upward for Heaven, and the nourishment it provides
after a process (such as photosynthesis). It never reaches it, but is eversomuch stimulated (activated)
to grow.
Here, in hex. 9, the Power of the Small (the Small Accumulating, Small Action), the wind blows high in
Heaven, while the wood "nags" and/or reaches out to Heaven (the light), being stimulated to growth
by the photosynthesis and minerals offered by the light.
While according to he 5-elements cycle Heaven, i.e. metal, "breaks" the wood (the wind), the wood
needs the metal (in the form of minerals) to grow and evolve, if not being destroyed by it altogether
(as by an ax or saw). Thus, regardless of the abnormal situation, the circumstances described by this
hexagram indicate growth of some nature. The strong lines will indicate if such growth is stimulated,
or notably absent (lost, or destroyed).
The Judgment says:
"The power of the small (weak, inferior, receptive, open, female), small accumulation,
small action, small ability, small fertility, a small sacrifice, the taming power of the small, the
capacity of what is small, the power that comes with the capacity to deal with what is small:
A small (weak, female, receptive) being (animal, creature, occurrence) is (was, may, will be or
should be) offering the sacrifice.
Under the occurring conditions there will be progress, and success.
It is the power of the small (weak, inferior, receptive, open, female) to obtain trust and
confidence that is (was, may, will be or should be) holding (containing) the success.
Dense clouds in the west. No rain yet."
Gathered sources: What is small (yin) makes an effort to gain the confidence of what isn't (yang). The
success depends on how the nature of the internal force relates to the external softness. This
determines how things will be obtained.
The wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society,
the justice system, banners, the experience) is strong enough to gather the condensation occurring in
Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving): this creates clouds. But it is
not powerful enough to let the clouds drop their rain (which would indicate blessings).
The image attached to this hexagram refers to the state of affairs in ancient China at the time of King
Wen who originally came from the West, and was in the East at the court of the reigning tyrant Chou
Hsin. The moment for action on a large scale had not yet arrived. King Wen could only check on the
tyrant by friendly persuasion. Therefore, here, the image of clouds is promising moisture and
blessings to ones country, although as of yet, no rain is falling. This also means that, if no rain (thus

no blessing) occurs, if nothing is "falling down", or notably occurring then neither will there be
extraordinary misfortune.
It does mean on the other hand, that if something does "fall down" or occur, the accumulation of "what
is small" can be Greater or more dangerous than foreseen, and thus, one could be at Great risk of
some unforeseen "smallness" (at a large scale) that might result in (serious physical) damage, or in
one getting "stuck on the way".
(Still) the situation is not unfavorable. There is a prospect of ultimate success, but there are still
obstacles (accumulated smallness) on the way, and appropriately, one can at best take preparatory
measures.
Only through the small means of friendly persuasion can (were, is, might, or will) one (to) be exerting
any influence. The time has not yet come for grand, sweeping actions (or measures), although this
might precisely seem to be what is occurring, but which at a closer look in reality will only prove to be
like "smallness accumulating on a grand scale".
However, one may be able, to a limited extent, to act (fulfill, or undergo what is) as a "restraining and
subduing influence". To carry out ones purpose one needs firm determination associated with
gentleness and adaptability in external situations.
Commentary
This hexagram symbolizes the wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly
organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience), the upper trigram
Sun, blowing high in (above) Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving),
the lower trigram Qian, producing dense clouds but no rain. Rain falling symbolizes the completion of
an enterprise. The wind blowing across the sky advises one to display ones mental, physical and
material accomplishments in preparations for the achieving of results.
~ Profile
The persons depicted here are likely to be liaison personnel, salesmen, or in advertising, the graphic
arts or electronics. Progress relates primarily to the development of new ideas, or goods, with
success for the individuals themselves as well as for the matters they work on.

Lines
"JLK: The power of the small (the small accumulating, the small action, the small ability, the
small fertility, the taming power of what is small) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
(and/or accumulating) (as) at (and/or in) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are
young, on the floor), and/or in the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of
doing things).
If it accumulates into what is (excessively) superior (Great), the results will be good, and there
will be advantage.
If it accumulates into what is (excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and there
will be misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) returning to (and or reversing to), and/or
pursuing ones own (independent) course.
What mistake or error could one fall into?
There will be good fortune."
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) returning to, and/or pursuing
ones (its) own path (ones own way of doing things, ones own planning). It must certainly be right that
there should be good fortune [JLK: but only if ones own way of doing things is in accordance with
what is right, and/or aimed at attaining this].
Any activity (and/or endeavor) is paired with some degree of effort and/or resistance. At present, one
should concentrate on recovering and choosing an approach that offers the best options and
flexibility.
It lies in the nature of a strong person to press forward. Here, in doing so, one encounters (to some
degree) obstruction(s). Therefore one returns to the way suited to ones situation: ones own (natural)
course, where one is free to advance or withdraw (safely). In the nature of things, under the present
circumstances, this will bring good fortune, because here, it is correct and wise not to try to obtain
anything by force.
JLK: By "returning to (and or reversing to), and/or pursuing ones own (independent) course", this
implies one returns to what is smaller than pursuing a larger ("Great", or common) course involving
(or laid out by) others. Here, this is in accordance with the occurring circumstances. It still can
accumulate into something Great. By acting in accordance with the ruling principle (Heaven's law),
one still acts in accordance with what is Greater, ultimately. This is why there can be such
accumulation.
This may also offer the idea that by contemplating (observing, studying) a small detail, one can know
(learn) about the whole, and/or what is Greater, and (ultimately) an accumulation of what is being
contemplated (observed, studied).
This line may also suggest that what is at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, will, or
should be) accumulating strength by itself (on its own), without (major) influence from the exterior, or
implicating itself with it. This can be good, or bad, depending on what the strength is aimed at.
Conversely, this line may indicate (and/or warn against the fact) that one is disproportionately focused
on ones own affairs, failing to see the "bigger picture" and what all have as common (shared)
interests.

~ Profile
This person knows intuitively the right path, and the proper courses to follow. The first line indicates
beginnings, so if he returns to the beginning and follows the path that he knew was right all along,
what error can there be? Naturally, such action is in keeping with divine will, so he will have good
fortune. Persons of common sense and good judgment are symbolized, who are also enthusiastic
and ambitious.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will follow the right way through life, aware of deviations, and
knowing when to stop and when to proceed. His life will be good, and no one will be able to harm him.
He will be loyal to the ruler of his country and to his leaders. He will also be helpful to his family and to
others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a resolute, straightforward and upright man, not
vain and not admiring hollow fame or titles. He will also have a good life. The least auspicious of all
will be lonely, or recluses.
Returning to the right path cannot be wrong.
If you have overstepped your bounds, return to what is right.
(and/or accumulating) in (at, for) the calves, and/or ones impulses (the temporary,
intermediate, and/or regional).
The power of the small (the small accumulating, the small action, the small ability, the small
fertility, the taming power of what is small) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or
intermediately), and/or in (by) the orders being given by the regional chiefs and/or the
will be advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) allowing oneself to be drawn into returning (or
reversing). This derives from ones central position.
Also, one does not loose oneself (this way).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) returning to what is the proper course,
because of the attraction of what occurs in the first line of the hexagram.
Going back, returning (and/or reversing), might bring good fortune."
JLK: Since here one is "drawn" into returning and/or reversing (things, and/or ones direction), if under
the occurring circumstances one is (somewhat) forced (drawn) into a certain direction which can be

described as such a return or a reversal, then this is appropriate and means one does not loose
oneself.
On the other hand, and/or additionally, this line may be a call to return (and/or reverse) to a way of
doing things that will allow one "to be oneself", i.e. to stay natural and in a state as described in line 1.
As this is the time of the power of the small, the small accumulating, the small sacrifice, the taming
power of that which is small, if what has accumulated is small but right (appropriate), there will be
advantage. One need only let oneself be "drawn" into a certain way, as by ones "little goat" (a pet, an
animal on the farm one has a liking for).
On the other hand, if what has accumulated is small but excessively and/or increasingly wrong
(inappropriate, weak, inferior, and/or evil), there can be no advantage, and things may even
accumulate into a disaster. Then one will forcefully be "drawn" into a certain way by what will rather
be a "dragon" than a "little goat".
In the "site of Yin" text, "qian" the pictogram used for "being drawn" (pulled) shows an ox being pulled.
Thus, here there can be stubbornness for the one (those who are, or that which is) at the center of
the matter at hand. Depending on the circumstances, the pulling will be easy (if the bull is obeying
and friendly), impossible (if the bull is stubborn and angry), or occur in reverse (if the bull pulls back).
This is the 2nd line of the lower trigram the light. The 2nd line of hex. 1, the Light (the Creative, the
Active) shows the image of a "dragon on the field". Here, the smallness that is (was, might, will, or
should be) accumulated is (or will be) showing its "face" (becoming visible). This may be good, or
bad, depending how right (loving) or wrong (angry) things have been, even if (when) small. Any
smallness can grow into something Great and huge. It better be right (good)!
Since this line indicates the impulses (as felt in the calves), what matters here is which impulses one
chooses to give in to, and how right (loving) they are. The effects of these at first are only visible
temporarily and/or locally (regionally). If the impulses are good, and are followed-up on in ways that
are right, the effects of this will add up into Great good fortune. If the impulses are bad (wrong),
and/or are followed-up on in ways that are bad (wrong), the effects of this will add up into disaster
upon disaster, and this line may indicate that what occurs is showing such.
Similarly, additionally and/or alternatively, if one gives priority and/or excessive importance to (thus
lets one self be led, drawn, or pulled by) what is inferior (weak, bad), and/or in ways that are inferior,
things will end bad, and/or in some form of exhaustion (destruction), as shown when this line changes
into a yin line, forming the fire trigram.
If this is the only changing line, then this hexagram changes into hex. 37, the Family Bond (the
Allegiance, the Commitment). The 2nd line shows how one should not "follow ones whims", and
having to "attend to the preparation of food (life supporting activities)". If what has been adding up
during the time of hex. 9 has been right (good), then there will be food (nourishment, brightness,
warmth). If not, then there will be difficulties concerning food (nourishment, clarifying, energy), and
there will be exhaustion (as indicated by the lower trigram, the fire).
Similarly, good (correct) habits will result in an accumulation of things that may be small, but good
(correct), while bad habits will necessarily sooner or later have to be paid for. Depending on how long
things have been going on, or how good or bad they were, the consequences will have as much
impact as what was accumulated. Vigilance should be applied from the outset, and be continuously
(and appropriately) enforced, so that things will end well.
Some will be "drawn" to drive their car prudently and in accordance with traffic rules thanks to good
instruction and/or good behavior (control of ones impulses) from the outset, others will need to get a
speeding ticket, or worse, experience a car-crash, to be brought back to their senses and proper
(controlled) driving behavior.

Gathered sources: "One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) returning to what is the
proper course, because of the attraction of what occurs in the first line of the hexagram...": this is
indicated by the central position of this line in the lower trigram. Neither will one stray from what is
due (to oneself).
"Going back, or returning (reversing, or varying)" means that one will not come to be loosing ones
way.
Also, going back to the beginning, might learn about the present, or the past, as well as the future. A
small occurrence can behold enough power to influence beyond one being able to control it.
Thus, what occurs here is (as) one who would like to press forward (or would have liked to do this),
but before going further, one sees from the examples of others like oneself that the (occurring, or
proposed) way is blocked (and/or leading to difficulties). In such a case, if the effort to push forward is
not in harmony with the time and the circumstances, a reasonable and resolute person will not allow
himself to be exposed to a personal rebuff (or failure), but will retreat with others who will be of a
nature compatible to his. This brings good fortune, as one does not needlessly bring oneself into a
possibly uncontrollable situation.
~ Profile
A still more intelligent person than in the first line is represented here. This man has begun to
progress, and is wise enough to see impediments and restraints occurring when improper courses
are followed, and hence returns to the way which he knows will achieve success.
He will know also how to cooperate with others, and will be a very successful communicator of ideas.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a self-disciplined and self-willed person. He will choose
good friends, and will communicate well with his family, superiors and associates. He is likely to have
a high position, and at some time work for the government. He will attain his aims and purposes.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be communicative and cooperative, but sometimes with
the wrong people, which will injure his chances for achievement and success. However, he will have
no great hardships.
Cooperating with others is beneficial.
Instead of forging ahead independently, good results can be obtained by going back and cooperating
with others.

3
small fertility, the taming power of what is small) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
accumulating) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues
(morals), ones ego, the design and/or application of the laws to live by, and their influence on
(their capacity to change, and/or transform) what is (was, might, or will be) occurring.
The spokes burst out of the wagon wheels.
Man and/or wife roll (avert) their eyes.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) avoiding to spend (spill, waste) his
energies where they are not needed or called for."
JLK: The image for this line can be understood to show a man and wife who have an argument,
and/or where both or either one are/is looking away from what should be looked at in the face. In the
latter case the line could hold the warning that there is no use in turning and/or looking away from
what is happening (and/or from the other).
The fact that the text mentions "man and wife" does not necessarily refer to a couple, but may also
simply refer to the fact that one of the two who are exchanging (for the matter at hand) is stronger
(and/or more right) than the other.
It might also point to how the relationship between the sexes (and/or the process of procreation)
causes discord.
The superior one is at risk of being active, night and day, thus overspending his energy - as shown in
line 3 of hex. 1, the Light (the Creative). Therefore, he is (was, might, will, or should be) recognizing in
time when such a measure of strength comes up, balancing things by avoiding to spend (spill, waste)
his energies where they are not needed or called for. He does by not doing.
What matters here is how small things add up and their result for daily life and the rules one will
follow. If one adds up small things (rules) that are good (right, strong, loving), and applying them in
ways that are right, the effects of this will add up into Great good fortune. If they are bad (wrong),
and/or are applied in ways that are bad (wrong), the effects of this will add up into disaster upon
disaster, and this line may indicate that what occurs is showing such.
Similarly, good (correct) laws (rules, methods) will result in an accumulation of things that may be
small, but good (correct), while bad laws (rules, methods) will necessarily sooner or later have to be
paid for. Depending on how long things have been going on, or how good or bad they were, the
consequences will have as much impact as what was accumulated. Vigilance should be applied from
the outset, and be continuously (and appropriately) enforced, so that things will end well.
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, things are (were, might, or will be) getting
more complicated than presumed. That which should run smoothly (like the wheels of a wagon) has
(might, or will) become entangled (weakened, obstructed, or broke).
This line may hold the warning that it's of no use to avert ones eyes and pretend that nothing is going
wrong. By ignoring limitations and shortcomings one will surely invite a serious setback, which may
eventually result in disaster.

Here an attempt is made to press forward forcibly, in the consciousness that the obstructing power is
slight. But since, under the circumstances, power actually lies with the weak (the small, and/or the
female), this sudden offensive is doomed to failure.
External conditions hinder the advance, just as loss of the wheel spokes stops the progress of a
wagon. Those at the center of the matter at hand do not yet heed this hint from fate, hence there are
(were, might, or will be) annoying arguments like those of a married couple.
Naturally this is not a favorable state of things, for though the situation may enable the weaker side to
hold its ground, the difficulties are too numerous to permit a happy result.
In consequence even the strong man cannot so use his power as to exert the right influence on those
around him. He experiences a rebuff where he expected an easy victory, and he thus compromises
his dignity.
JLK: Therefore, when dealing with the presently occurring circumstances, the superior man is (was,
might, will, or should be) concentrating on preserving his inner peace and righteousness, his health
and resources (wealth), and avoids engaging in conflict wherever it can be avoided in a dignified way.
~ Profile
These individuals are the type who readily say, 'Why isn't it done this way?' or 'Do it that way,' etc.,
without reference to the realities and the facts of the situation, and believing their opposition to be
slight. In general, they will be mistaken in their evaluations, and, as often happens in a marital
situation, annoying arguments will occur, with each person trying to blame the other. Little hope is
offered to such persons, as it is their innate judgment which is deficient. It would be best for them not
to try to rise high in status or position. By remaining at a low level, they will be able to find reasonable
contentment.
Auspiciousness (in the best as well as worst cases): Not auspicious for anyone. A few may establish
some merit. All will tend to be stubborn and greedy, and quarrelsome with their wives, families and
others. They will readily blame others for their own faults and deficiencies.
Heedless actions will result in disaster.
The opposition seems slight. Beware of over-confidence. It is possible that you may have misjudged
the situation.

4
accumulating) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones
emotions).
The power of the small (the small accumulating, the small action, the small ability, the small
fertility, the taming power of what is small) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or
required) in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator,
the confidant, the one who is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or reliability).
Thanks to sincerity and firmness one is (was, might, will, or should be) averting terrible blood
shedding (drain of life-force and/or means of living) and disasters, while the fear
(apprehension) goes away.
This is because what is above (or higher) agrees in attitude, aim and goal.
There will be no mistake; No error; No blame; No doubt.
Considering, and certifying in (with, and through) time, by all adequate means, will add
accuracy, and improve efficiency."
JLK: The mere fact that one is working at averting bloodshed (drain of life-force and/or means of
living) and disaster, in the most sincere of ways, will give the results one is looking for, and in the fear
going away. This doesn't necessarily mean one is presently considering the right solution to ones
problems. The occurrence of this line may mean that it is the sincerity and firmness by themselves
that will show the right way out. The advice from this line therefore may be: do what you really believe
to be right and sincere, as this is what will avert disaster.
Vice versa, if the one (or that which is) at the center of the matter at hand is not showing appropriate
sincerity and firmness, in that case the terrible blood shedding (drain of life-force and/or means of
living) and the disasters, as mentioned in the comment, can't be avoided, and/or there will be fear
(apprehension).
Gathered sources: Here, under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might will be or should be)
removing oneself from danger and bloodshed (drain of life-force, or means of living) thanks to being
fully sincere and firm. It is the quality and amount of ones sincerity that makes one move away from
the danger.
Ones ground for apprehension or doubt is (was, might, will, or should be) dismissed (cleared, or
resolved).
Inner and outer are in accord. One is (was, might, or will be) acting in accordance with the will of ones
superiors, or that which is superior, or Greater.
That which is indicated in the fifth and sixth lines of this hexagram, the lines (but also "the energies")
"above" this one, agree in aim and goal.
If one is in the difficult and responsible position of having to advise a powerful (strong) person (or any
person, for that matter), one should restrain this person in such a way that what is correct, righteous
and Great will prevail. There is Great danger attached to this, to the point that actual bloodshed may
arise, or be avoided.
Nonetheless, the power of "disinterested" ("indifferent") truth is Greater than all obstacles. It carries

such weight that the correct end (result) is achieved, and that all (of the most persistent) bloodshed,
fear and anger will disappear.
~ Profile
Persons acting with sincerity and confidence induce trust in others, and consequently apprehensions
disappear. These persons should be upright and reliable, and their leadership will generate emulation
by others, and no errors will be made. Those who are both intelligent and wise will exercise great
influence. Those who are immodest and stupid are likely to cause bloodshed.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be open-minded, modest, sincere, and confident, following
the right paths. He will be a noble person with no great sorrows or hardships. He will be helped by his
seniors, and will have a good family life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is likely to be jealous and suspicious, with no firm goals,
ideas or opinions. He may be ill frequently and subject to many hardships and sorrows, with few or no
friends.
Use sincerity and confidence at all times.
Be sincere and confident, with flexibility. Then no errors will occur.

5
accumulating) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions,
nourishment).

advantage.
Being sincere and loyal (to ones attachments, and/or towards those nearby).
In that case, one is (to be) rich (wealthy, and/or resourceful) in ones neighbor (the others).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not alone in ones richness (wealth, and/or resources).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) enriching (acquiring resources for)
oneself (itself) as well as the others."
JLK: While those who are evil (small, and/or weak) only operate and base their decision on self-
interest (for themselves and/or their clan), those who are good (Great, and/or strong) serve the best
interest of all (that is good), either consciously or spontaneously (without forethought and malicious
intentions). By extension, the purpose and beneficial nature of certain things, and the way it benefits
many (including ones neighbors, actual or metaphorical), can not always be understood, as it may
occur beyond ones abilities of perception and/or understanding.
God (the mega-consciousness) is great in nourishing (providing for) all that is small, for the benefit of
all (the whole, the fullness). One can not see (and/or understand) all the ways, due to the infinite
smallness and greatness (of the powers at work) that occur.
The occurrence of this line may therefore be a call to be "loyal in ones attachments (and/or towards
those nearby)", and to extend ones beneficial influence to all, including ones "neighbors" (i.e. beyond
ones personal or immediate sphere), in appropriate measure. If this is what is already occurring, then
things are in good order. If this is not what is occurring, then the occurring of this line is a warning.
Alternatively and/or additionally, this may point to the fact that by (while) being "loyal (faithful, honest,
reliable) in ones attachments (and/or towards those nearby)" one is (was, might, will, or should be)
sharing (experiencing) ones wealth (material, spiritual, or other) with ones neighbors (others, those or
that which is beyond ones personal or immediate sphere), and/or sharing in their richness and/or
finding support from them (it). In the end, this enriches all parties involved.
Conversely, depending on the context, this line may indicate that one should question if there is
(indeed, a form of) "loyalty in ones attachments (and/or towards those nearby)", and/or if it is of the
right kind.
Gathered sources: Here, one is (was, might, will, or should be) not becoming (or might, will or should
not become) rich (wealthy, and/or resourceful) (by) oneself alone.
On one hand, this means one is (was, might, will, or should be) not only enriching (acquiring
resources for) oneself, but also ones near ones (or ones neighbors, that which is / those who are
close / nearby).
On the other hand, it may mean that one can not become rich (wealthy, and/or resourceful), without
this (first) happening (or having happened) to others as well.

It also means one is (and can) not only and exclusively (be) using or applying ones owns personal
riches (wealth, and/or resources).
Thus, one is (was, might, or will be) possessed of sincerity, and (wishing to be) drawing others to
unite (with oneself). Rich in resources and ways of solving problems, with much trustworthiness, one
is (was, might, or will be wishing to be) employing ones neighbors (the others) at the same aim, in the
same cause.
Loyalty leads to firm ties, and can only do so, when each (partner) is (or will be) complementing the
other (correctly, sharing richness, or wealth). In the weaker person loyalty consists of (and
materializes in) devotion, in the stronger one, it consists of (and materializes in) trustworthiness. This
relation of mutual reinforcement leads to a true wealth (exchange, happiness, and/or sadness) that is
(or will be) the more apparent because it is not of a selfish (or egocentric) nature, but shared with
friends (or others). Pleasure (satisfaction) shared is pleasure doubled.
This line may (also) hold the advice to be mutually sincerely supportive, as this is what will result in
real strength and prosperity under the occurring circumstances.
The fifth line is in the place of honor, in the middle of the trigram the wood (the organizing), which
here stands for riches (wealth, and/or resources). The trigram also stands for a bond, and therefore
the line is attached to the six in the 4th place, its neighbor.
~ Profile
These persons are strong in virtue, even more so than those described by line 4, and are leaders
primarily by example. Trustworthiness and sincerity induce confidence in others, both at higher and
lower levels. Their inner strength is so great that it will automatically influence the hearts of others in
beneficial ways. This will be true whether their work is at a purely local level, or in a business or
governmental enterprise, but especially true in matters where protection against adverse or evil
influences is involved.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be rich, and will share his opulence with others. He will be
noble in mind and character, and humble with others. He will be admired
and respected by many people.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): Though not able to be independent, he will receive help from
persons possessing both material and mental riches, and will thus be able to enjoy a good life, even
though his achievements will be indifferent ( ).
Trustworthy leadership brings success.
You are equal to whatever task is at hand. Your mental attitude and resources will win the support and
cooperation of others.

6
(and/or accumulating) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's
law).
The rain is (was, might, or will be) falling;

There occurs (was, might, will, or should be) rest (immobilization), but the preceding
(movement) is still being felt. This is due to the lasting effect of the (or ones) character or
nature (of things).
If the woman (the wife, the small, receptive and weak) is persevering, however firm and
correct, she is (was, might, or will be) in a position of peril, or potentially creating one, due to
unhappy inappropriateness, or lack of passion, inspiration and devotion.
This is like when the moon is approaching fullness.
If the superior one is persisting (i.e. taking action) now, when such an attitude (or
inappropriateness) is occurring, there will be misfortune, resulting in evil.
If the superior one would go out (i.e. take action) (when things are as) when the moon is full,
he would be tempting danger (peril, or difficulties)."
JLK: This is a time to give things a rest, and to let the rain fall and nourish the lands. Since that which
has been preceding (to what is presently occurring) is still being felt, things should be given time to
reach completion and/or calm down (settle) to an appropriate degree.
Gathered sources: The rain falling, indicates liveliness, blessings or dangers that are occurring, which
are as "cleaning" (or cleaned away), and in the mean time there is "an onward progress" that is as
staying, going on, or suspended. It indicates that ones virtue is increasing, although the rest of the
commentary indicates that one may be expecting difficulties.
It also may be indicating it is (was, might, or will be) time to rest (or to immobilize things, stacking
them up, and/or pushing them around, allowing things to grow tough, or solid), but that one should
choose the right moment like a strong man or a superior one would do, with passion, sincerity and
involvement, holding in the center the virtues as depicted by the upper trigram the wood (the wind,
the word, the organizing, the organism, the society, etc...).
Thus, this line underlines and draws attraction to one's capacity to carry the virtue as that of "the
wood, the wind, the word", in the center, as a wholesome part of it.
Stubbornness, or firmness, in the case of a woman, or a receptive set of circumstances, would lead to
serious trouble or misfortune. Also, although virtue and sincerity is growing, if the Great man
prosecutes his measures in a small, vulgar, or female way, there might be misfortune, which could be
resulting in evil; One will find oneself to be obstructed.
Altogether, success is at hand if one succeeds to avoid, or "not to be moving towards" the difficulties,
and if one will not move in a way that will bring peril, or difficulties, caused by a lack of passion,
appropriateness, inspiration, or correctness. The wind (the wood, the softly penetrating, confusing,
and organizing) has driven up the rain (as it is, will, or already has been falling). A fixed standpoint (or
direction) has been reached. This has come about through the accumulation of (the) small effects
produced by reverence for what is superior (a superior person character, or being).

But (still) a success being little by little secured this way, urges one to be extremely careful. It would
be dangerous for anyone to think one can presume anything to be for granted.
The dark force in the Moon is the fullest when the moon is nearly full (nearly fully exposed to the light
of the sun). When it is full and directly opposite the sun, its waning is certain.
Under such circumstances one must be content with what has been achieved. To advance any
further, under such circumstances, before the appropriate time has come, would lead to misfortune.
However, this line may also point to what is (was, might, or will be) like a lively, or dangerous
interruption, during a certain progress (or advance, movement, action). In that case all ones tools,
and safety-ways (or rules) should function properly, and be complete, while respecting the fact that a
rest or temporary stop may be necessary.
So must one value the full accumulation of the virtue as it is indicated by the upper trigram of this
hexagram: "the wood, the wind" (the softly penetrating, confusing, and organizing).
General comment
The gathering of the clouds mentioned at the beginning of the hexagram now produced rain. The
enterprise has been consummated as a result of the extensive application of small power. To try to
proceed further, before the time is ripe, either with the persistence of a woman or with the strength of
a superior man, would be wrong, and would produce calamity since the moon is nearly full, signifying
that negative influences are close to their maximum. It is these negative influences which govern
here.
~ Profile
Persons born under this line are advised that the energetic development of a positive force is
the only way to counter and overcome the negative. They must work on their inner selves so
that the positive force can later be manifested externally. Any major external activity at
first could result in calamity.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be deeply interested in mental and spiritual
matters, and will follow the way of Dao, i.e. action through inaction. He will only be
ambitious to a limited degree, but persistent in completing whatever he begins. He will not
seek unattainable fame or honors, and will find much happiness in contemplating, and being
surrounded by nature. He will achieve peace of mind.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): Principally, he will be a man of leisure, following the
right paths. He will make no demands on others, and will not seek fame or fortune, nor will
he be defamed. He will have a reasonably good life.
Convert negativity to something positive whenever possible.
Results have been achieved. Now is the time to relax and curtail further activity. Beware of
negative influences.

Hexagram 10, the Way of Moving (the Way of Advancing, the Rules of Action and
Behavior)
- Lu (Lü)
The theme of this hexagram is doing something dangerous (and/or difficult), like "standing on the tail
of a tiger" while being cautious enough not to be bitten. It is about the use of correct conduct and the
correct way of moving at all times and in all circumstances.
The Image says:
"the way of moving; the way of advancing; the rules of action and behavior;
the way to behave; treading and stepping carefully:
The ocean extending under the endless Heaven.
Below there is the ocean, the pleasure, the wealth.

Above there is Heaven, the light, the creative.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) distinguishing and discriminating
between what is high and what is low, what is Great and small, what is light and heavy, and
while strengthening (motivating) the spirits of the people, giving settlement and stimulation to
their aims and goals, at doing so.
The Great Man will consult what is high as well as what is low, and act in harmony, and in
accordance with the nature of the people (or of what occurs), thus strengthening (motivating)
the will (of the people, of all); This way he always knows how, where, when and why to move."
JLK: Hex. 10, the Way of Moving (the Way of Advancing, the Rules of Action and Behavior), shows
the image of a vast ocean (joy, exchange, wealth) occurring below Heaven (the light, creative, active,
Great, strong, right, loving). This shows the endless resources that are available (to all beings) for
moving (advancing), letting Heaven (the light) manifest its creativity.
Such endless resources and exchange of creativity will affect, and/or firmly occur within (and/or in the
context of) what is as a family, as symbolized by inner hex. 37, the Family Bond (the Allegiance, the
Commitment).
Gathered sources: By recognizing what is low and what is high, one obtains the rules of how to
behave and to perform. Thus the superior one makes distinctions, ranking and ordering things in
accordance with their nature. In that way he is able to support and to confirm the people's notions
which will have a soothing and calming [as well as motivating] effect, especially if the distinctions
made are in relation to their nature, and special features.
Consulting what is high as well as what is low is "strengthening (motivating) the will", which means
one is "strengthening one capacity to decide (or to think)" (within the time-limit).
The ideal of Confucius (and his adepts) was a society (community) where position, status, and public
appearance was a reflection of (ones) inner (virtuous) value(s), and condition(s). Realizing this ideal
may perhaps be impossible, or difficult, (but) still, one has to let ones behavior (actions, and attitude)

with (or towards) others be influenced by a deeply felt respect for their true nature and character.
Otherwise, one runs the risk to take a position, stand-, or view-point, that is unrealistic, and one may
develop, or get into (incorrect) presumptions.
This means that, when this hexagram appears, the opposite (of this ideal) can occur as well: one (or
others) may not be correctly influenced by the true nature of what one has to deal with, and thus lack
respect or correctness, and act in a way that is not truly appropriate to the circumstances.
The Judgment says:
"A way of moving, a way of advancing, rules of action and behavior, a way to behave, treading
and stepping carefully:
Watching where (and/or how) one will set (put, use) ones feet (where one ventures, roams),
why, and when, and anticipating the consequences, is essential to safety and success.
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) like one who is treading on the tail of the tiger.
The tiger is not biting in retaliation.
This means one is (was, might, will, or should be) doing something dangerous, or risky.
The tiger will not bite the superior one in retaliation, but one has to be adequate, and to
consider moving fast enough, the right way, with the right trust, at the right time.
It is good not to give in immediately as things have more or several sides.
To offer a sacrifice with good virtue.

What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) an occasion displaying much sincerity.
Move according to the rules, or to the multiple laws and flaws of behavior.
Then there will be progress and success."
Gathered sources: This is about a difficult situation, such as it is depicted by the stepping on the
tiger's tail. One who is quick, and fortunate, fully appropriate, and/or acting with good style, (a fair
amount of) dignity, and sensitivity ("sensing" things), can step on a tiger's tail without being bitten. If
things will be happening quick, light, and fast, everyone, at the end, will experience less pain, losses,
embarrassment or humiliation.
Thus, the situation indicated here may involve wild, unpredictable and intractable people (and/or
things). One is uncertain about the convictions, the faith, or involvements of the ones (and/or that
which is) occurring. Unpredictable, and dangerous powers are at work.
Those who are truly strong, however, will not harm the person that moves or walks with style,
decorum and togetherness, amidst disorder and danger. That is why a hazardous situation, or a
dangerous act, like stepping on the tiger's tail, will end without lasting damage to the one doing so.
Yet this is a situation where what is small (weak, receptive, unclear, dark) and what is Great (strong,
creative, filling, light) are coming (approaching) very close to each other. This may depict a solitary (or
lonely) person (or subject), who is forced to deal (associate, or meet) with people whom he considers
to be inferior to himself. and/or who has to deal with things (circumstances) that he considers inferior
(or inappropriate) to what would be suitable to himself (in the occurring case, or position).
The upper trigram Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving)
symbolizes the father, followed by the 3rd (or youngest) daughter: this image refers to the correct
relation (or understanding) between them, in accordance with ancient Chinese tradition.
Thus, the appearance of this hexagram may suggest to act well-willingly, or that one is (already)
doing so, in accordance with the conventions of the (present) time (and circumstances).

On the other hand, the lower trigram the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness
and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), here symbolizes the tiger.
Contemplating (putting) things that way, this hexagram is indicating someone who steps on the tail of
a tiger (laying below, low, or "within"). It depicts the necessity to act with care, and apprehension,
under dangerous, or difficult circumstances, and also depicts the extraordinary situation where what is
small (weak, unclear, dark, receptive, or female), is capable to win from (be victorious over) what is
Great (strong, light, creative, filling, male).
~ Profile
The persons depicted here are, however, faced with many hazardous conditions. Fortunately, they
have the innate capacity to discriminate between good and bad, right and wrong, using elements of
both the high and the low as the foundation for their decisions.
Persons born under this hexagram can be found in any walk of life where analytical activity is
involved and discriminatory powers are a necessary attribute.
Those born in the third month [April - May] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing with (confronted by) a way
of moving (rules of action and behavior, treading and stepping carefully) at (in, for, with) the
feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or in the way of
(and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be be) treading (pursuing) ones (its)
accustomed path.
If one go forward, there will be no mistake; No error, no blame."
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) treading ones (its)
accustomed path and going forward. This means one is (was, might, or will be) singly carrying out
ones wishes and/or pursuing the path (as planned) one has already embarked on.
Precise, and thorough work will always (in one way or another) be rewarded. If the task, or endeavor
one has at hand is correctly, and well executed (fulfilled), then one will (make a) progress.
However, here (under the occurring circumstances) one is running the risk to be losing ones
simplicity, while simplicity (of action) is precisely the virtue that is (was, might, or will be) bringing the
blessings that may occur under the (presently) occurring circumstances.
Reducing the problem to its most basic element is the path of the wise man. While leaving ones
companions and baggage behind, under the occurring circumstances one is (was, might, will, or
should be) like a hunter who stalks into the forest with only loincloth and bow (i.e. with most simple
and/or basic means). Plan and execute accordingly, as long as the plan proves right. If necessary,
divide and conquer.
JLK: Alternatively, this line may hold the idea that if one always does what one is used to do, one will
always get the same results. Sometimes that's good, sometimes it isn't.

Here, even if doing what one is used to do may be without mistake, it does not necessarily give the
best results.
~ Profile
At the beginning, i.e. the bottom line of any hexagram, a man has, unless otherwise stated, an
obligation to take the initial steps by himself and of his own free will. At this point he is not yet bound
by contracts. By conducting his life simply, this man will be able to make progress without blame or
error. He will do this on his own, without the assistance of others.
He will have much activity in his life, and will act with firmness and correctness. Hence he will be
following the right paths, and will benefit both himself and others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be vigorous and courageous, but somewhat conservative,
simple in desires and without external show. His leadership will be strong and dignified, and his
influence will extend to many persons, both nationally and internationally.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): Least auspicious: He will attend to improving his own conduct
and virtue in privacy. He may even become a recluse or a monk. His development will be continual,
and his life modestly good.
Simple conduct is without criticism.
If one acts in accordance with accepted rules of conduct, at the beginning, no mistakes will be made.

2
of moving (rules of action and behavior, treading and stepping carefully) in (for, with, at) the
A way of moving (rules of action and behavior, treading and stepping carefully) is (was, might,
will, or should be) showing (and/or required) (as) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of)
will be advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) moving in a way (or along a path) that is balanced
(smooth, level, peaceful, and/or easy).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) central and does not get confused.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like a quiet and solitary person, to whom,
if one be firm and correct, there will be good fortune.
The firmness (perseverance, anticipation, and divination) (as) of a dark man (an open, or
receptive person or being) brings good fortune."
JLK: Since this line is in the second position, balance is required particularly related to ones impulses
(as expressed in the moving of the calves). This may require patience, and not acting on the spur of
the moment, and/or in a haste.
Gathered sources: The "dark man", symbolizes the man (active, creative, or light) being open, and/or
receptive. This may also result in the picture of a quiet and solitary man.
The quiet, and "solitary", or "dark" man indicates one to whom, by maintaining the correct way, by
being firm, persevering and anticipating, there will be good fortune, and who will not allow himself to
be thrown into disorder and distress, thanks to holding to the due mean.
This is like an "existentialist" finding his way through society.
This may depict one who is pursuing inner goals (aims, or endeavors), while one is not allowing
oneself to be attracted by the seductive (and/or disturbing) things of the exterior (material, or
superficial) world. One has a clear sight on ones destiny, and one moves on (progresses) while being
at ease (satisfied, or content), in accordance with ones inner nature (or condition).
"If one be firm and correct...", also means that there will (only) be good fortune if the circumstances
are in accord with the fact that one finds oneself to be solitary (or alone, not accompanied); Like when
being involved with activity for which one needs to be solitary (withdrawn, or alone).
The line is central, which indicates one moves (walks) along "the middle". One is therefore not
meeting with danger.
As a consequence, here, if the path (or way) that one has to pursue (or follow) is unbalanced,
unleveled, or unpeaceful (and/or uneasy), then, it is (was, might, or will be) not good to be in the
condition as described in this line (solitary, alone, or like a widow), and there is (was, might, or will be)
no use in going on, unless the path becomes balanced.
Although then, if there are difficulties, there may still be good fortune in the fact that one is able to

become aware of this (such as by reading this answer by the Yi Jing, which may occur under solitary,
or withdrawn conditions).
Or, otherwise, the question may be if one will (still) have the opportunity to pursue the condition of
being solitary (as described in the commentary) when this may be needed, or required, which one will
have to assess oneself.
JLK: Alternatively, this line may point to an opportunity to heal or balance a situation of being too
solitary and/or isolated.
~ Profile
The path trodden here is higher and more noble than that trodden in line 1. This man is more
introspective, desirous of accomplishing major goals, and inclined to keep his deepest thoughts to
himself. He will know the golden mean, and for the most part will follow it. His goals are firm, and he
will not let himself become confused.
These persons are somewhat unusual in that they are quite self-sufficient, men of peace doing
whatever is set before them, for the benefit of others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be deeply interested in mental and spiritual matters, and
will follow the way of Dao, i.e. action through inaction. He will only be ambitious to a limited degree,
but persistent in completing whatever he begins. He will not seek unattainable fame or honors, and
will find much happiness in contemplating, and being surrounded by nature. He will achieve peace of
mind.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): Principally, he will be a man of leisure, following the right paths.
He will make no demands on others, and will not seek fame or fortune, nor will he be defamed. He
will have a reasonably good life.
There is no blame in treading paths peacefully.
Conduct yourself as does a hermit, i.e. be quiet and unassuming, and make no demands. By so
doing, you will achieve results and not become confused.

3
of moving (rules of action and behavior, treading and stepping carefully) in (at, for, with) the
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a one-eyed (squinting) man who thinks he can
see well, or a lame (limping) man who thinks he can walk: one is (was, might, or will be)
treading (as) on the tail of a tiger (someone or something dangerous) and is (was, might, or
will be) bitten.
All this indicates ill-fortune.
Thus, one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a warrior who acts (decides, and/or
thinks) on behalf of (in place of) the ruler (the authorities, and/or the dominant consensus),
because his will is (already) firmly set, although not yet by (or through) what is (truly) Great
(strong, creative, light, right, good, loving);
This is (was, might, or will be) not enough (not adequate)!
JLK: But the ruler (the authorities, and/or the dominant consensus) might not have taken care
of all (and/or may not feel or be concerned);
Not all is (was, might, or will be) clear (clarified), nor can it be (at this stage).
Those whose duty it is (was, might, or will be) to be ruling, such as to assure the well-being of
all, might not have taken care of all: one (in the position of a warrior) may have to correct what
is (was, might, or will be) wrong. Still, this can be inappropriate, and lead to ill-fortune, which
must be avoided by being fully sincere, honorable, and self-contained (balanced).
If the way one is (was, might, or will be) moving (using, and/or holding) ones hips (the back-
bone, the power of movement, ones virtues, morals, and/or ones ego), and/or the way one is
(was, might, or will be) adapting (using) their influence on the capacity to change (and/or
transform) (things) is in accordance with the way of Heaven (with superior wisdom, what is
right, and loving), how can there not be advantage?
Snapping at people (ordering, lecturing, nagging others, and/or being arrogant) will be a pitfall
(lead to danger, difficulties, misfortune)."
JLK: One (what occurs) is is (was, might, or will be) seriously at risk of not being able to see and/or
anticipate all that matters for the issue at hand, and/or one is dealing with someone for whom this is
(was, might, or will be) the case, yet who behaves as the ruler (the authorities, and/or the dominant
consensus),
On the other hand, there are circumstances where one has to do "the work of the Great Man", and/or
the "ruler" (the authorities, and/or the dominant consensus), even if one is not in the right place, and
even if there's the risk one may not manage to get everything 'right', as it may be strictly necessary to
save what is at stake (in ways one is presently unable to foresee).
Since the problems that may occur here (for the matter at hand) are paired with one "squinting" the
eyes, consequently the way to counter the difficulties should be found in opening the eyes as much
as possible, receiving what "comes in" through the eyes (and/or ones senses), experiencing,
receiving and processing as much as one can within oneself (sincerely). One may not be able to
understand things before some time has passed, and new information (and/or insight) is received,

possibly from sources beyond what one is used to (from the exterior). For the time being, answers will
be found (as felt) within (inside, in oneself, in the essence or truth of people and/or "things", and by
what determines and rules the way they move), not at the exterior (what is 'outside').
The 3rd line represents the hips, the backbone, ones moral values, sexuality, the ego, know-how. The
present issue is related to how these influence the way of moving (of what is at the center of the
matter at hand). By letting things be too loose and/or lacking control, problems occur due to confusion
(ignorance, lack of know-how and/or experience).
Since this is the 3rd line of the lower trigram the ocean (the joy, the exchange, the wealth), the
circumstances apply of the 3rd line of hex. 58, which means one should experience the joy and
exchange felt "within", instead of focusing on what may or may not come ahead. Read the
commentary for that line to grasp the subtle nuances occurring for the matter at hand.
Depending on the context, this line may point out that one is (was, might, or will be) dealing with
someone who is as the "one-eyed (squinting) man" who thinks he can see well, and who is (was,
might, or will be) behaving as if he were the ruler (and/or representative of the ruling consensus). One
might be submitting to his orders (commands, and/or views), but the orders (commands, and/or
views) might not be correct (justified, right)! It may hold the advice not to give ones trust and/or ones
own authority (independence) away to others who may falsely pretend to be the ruler (and/or the
representative of the ruling consensus).
It may be that this occurs in multiple ways and/or directions: one may lack the ability to see and
understand oneself, and the same may be the case for the one (or those) who one is (was, might, or
will be) dealing with.
To find the right answers, one must search and find them "within" (in what is inside oneself, in things,
in what is essential, in ones moral views and ethics), and/or wait for a while until more is clarified,
while being guided what is truly Great, and can be trusted.
Gathered sources: Here, one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) squinting (making an
abnormal effort) in order to see, and/or one (what occurs) is (as) limping (moving in an awkward way)
in order to advance. At the same time, one (what occurs) is as treading on a tiger's tail, and
consequently being bitten.
Although one is acting with the courage and persistence of a warrior, one is (was, might, or will be)
not up to the tasks at hand.
"Like a one-eyed (man) who thinks he can see well...", indicates one is (was, might, or will) not (be) fit
to see (understand, or act) clearly (with balance, or composure).
"Like a lame man who thinks he can walk...", indicates it is difficult or impossible to be walking
(moving) along (especially when accompanying, or in company).
The "ill fortune of being bitten", arises from the place, or the circumstances, not being the proper
one(s) for him (or for that which is occurring, or considered). It may mean that one is at risk of being
bitten by the tiger, due to ones inappropriate way of moving, but may also mean that such has
(already) occurred, and that this is the reason why one moves with difficulties, and that danger
occurs.
Thus, one is (was, might, or will be) exposing oneself to all sorts of difficulties, conflict, and loss, like
(the) one who lives with the (wrong) idea of heaving the eyes of a falcon and the movements of a
tiger, while in reality being poor-sighted and lame. One thinks being up to the task at hand (capable of
fulfilling ones aim, or endeavor), but in reality one has to deal with difficulties, obstructions, or a
handicap, that can not be overcome by oneself (only). Due to this moving forward (or going on) now
(presently, or in the way that occurs), will lead to misfortune which might result in evil.

"One is (was, might, or will be) acting on behalf of the (Great) ruler...", but this is owing to ones aims
being too violent, too ambitious, or too inadequate. It may also indicate that one (what occurs) is
(was, might, or will be) acting (or thinking) for (or "in the place of") the (or ones "righteous") ruler,
which is (can, or will be) inappropriate, and "out of line".
It may also be that the correctness (righteousness) has since long gone, as those whose duty it is
(was, might, will, or should be) to rule and protect all, have failed, and/or allowed for mistakes and
errors, and that one is forced (against all odds) to achieve (some) clarity, or improvement. This puts
one in the place of the ruler, which (here) may be inappropriate, and/or not fortunate, yet may be
unavoidable.
To be (as) "bitten by the tiger", causes no small injury, but it does not (yet) necessarily causes death.
When going on, one must consider (be aware) that one "tiger" (predator) can be killed (or
neutralized), but another one may be standing in line.
Also, if ones ways of defending (ones weapons, safety-tools, or measures) are not adequate, or not in
good condition (due to whatever reason), this will certainly bring difficulties (peril, and danger).
Only if one is driven forwards by the most urgent of reasons (or due to considering something that
outweighs, or that is more important than all the above), can one be as reckless as to go on like this.
But even then, one is running Great risks, and there may be Great difficulties and danger.
Under the occurring circumstances, in particular snapping at people (ordering, lecturing and/or
nagging others, and/or being arrogant), will be a pitfall (lead to danger, difficulties, misfortune).
Additionally and/or alternatively, scoffing at things will (also) be a pitfall. One has to find a way to take
the best possible feedback (lessons) from whatever one is dealing with.
~ Profile
Here is a weak person using strength beyond his capacity, with dangerous results. A one eyed man
can see, but his perceptions are imperfect. A lame man can walk, but not fast enough to make
progress with others.
This line is in a position of strength so bravado and brashness are implied. When meeting hazardous
conditions, one does not overcome them properly through such behavior, and disaster results. One
should act in such a manner only when fighting for one's lord.
Persons born under this line are likely to have little knowledge or experience, but use great strength
and drive.
By the exercise of caution, and through self-development, they may be able to overcome their
weaknesses.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will pride himself on being out of the ordinary, but without
justification. He will despise and look down on other people. His plans are unlikely to be achieved and
his hard, tough attitude will result in continual troubles.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a person of low station in life, possibly even crippled
or deformed. He is likely to be a stupid person, and will probably have a short life.
The lowly should not try to be greater than they are.

If one acts heedlessly (especially with respect to superiors), adversity is sure to be forthcoming. The
exercising of a strong will here can be dangerous. However, it may be that superiors have neglected
their duties.
of moving (rules of action and behavior, treading and stepping carefully) in (for, with) the heart
A way of moving (rules of action and behavior, treading and stepping carefully) is (was, might,
will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the
middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant, the one who is trusted, ones
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) treading on the tail of a tiger.
There is (was, might, will, or should be) caution, and fear, which must be combined with
courage.
Caution ultimately leads to good fortune.

This is because what is willed is - yet, still - done."
JLK: When one steps on the tail of a tiger, what will happen can be quite unpredictable. By being
cautious beyond what can be immediately controlled (by oneself), one can make things turn out
favorably.
The 4th line represents the heart, the emotions, the torso, ones body, ones kingdom (country). Here,
one is (was, might, will, or should be) doing something that has unpredictable and potentially
dangerous (harmful) results related to these.
Still, while some things are unpredictable, other things are not. When stepping on the tail of a tiger,
and if one is aware of it, one can know in advance with a certain degree of certainty that there may be
a strong and/or dangerous reaction. At the same time one can know (understand, and/or learn) about
how it can be kept within safe-limits, so that one is (was, or will be) not harmed.
Gathered sources: This text refers to a dangerous (difficult, or stressful) enterprise or situation. The
inner power to carry things through is there, but this inner power is (was, might, will, or should be)
combined with hesitating caution in ones external attitude.
This line contrasts with the preceding line, which is weak within but outwardly presses forward. Here
one is sure of ultimate success, which consists in achieving ones purpose, that is, in overcoming
danger (difficulties, or stress) by going forward.
Thus, one is (was, might, or will be) in danger (in peril, experiencing difficulties or stress) and existing,
and new things (affairs) are threatened by it. But with courage, based on ones inner conviction(s), one
may go on while being apprehensive, and cautious.

~ Profile
Self-reliance, self-confidence and good judgment are indicated here. These are founded on
knowledge, common sense and experience. The man will know where he is going, and is sure in
himself that he will get there. With this controlling line, in this position, he should not forge ahead
rashly or act impetuously, but rather proceed steadily and with caution. He will meet many difficult
situations which he will overcome, and in the end he will have good fortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will serve his family, his work and his nation with diligence,
respect and care. He will be able to overcome dangerous situations through calm speech and a
gentle attitude, and will convert likely disasters into good fortune.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will experience many hardships early in life, but will have a
fairly good, routine life later.
Exercise prudence when danger is imminent.
Provided caution and tact are exercised, one can deal successfully with dangerous situations and
people.
of moving (rules of action and behavior, treading and stepping carefully) in (for, with) the

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) showing a resolute tread.
But though one be firm and correct, there might be danger (peril, or difficulties), and distress.
There are (were, might, or will be) unexpected (incalculable) dangers (difficulties, perils, and/or
distress)."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances there are (were, might, or will be) unexpected (incalculable)
dangers (difficulties, perils, and/or distress). Therefore, one would be imprudent to go on with a
resolute tread.
Here, the resoluteness that occurs is paired with being greatly opinionated (and/or prejudiced) as a
result of not considering (thoroughly enough) alternative options (and/or possibilities). The comfort of
a powerful position when combined with shallow thinking and/or opinions, will lead those holding
power to unnecessary sternness and/or cruelty, and/or other inappropriate use of strength.

This line may hold the advice to stop moving if there is still time to do so, and to carefully study and
adapt the ways and conditions of moving, so that such dangers may be overcome or avoided. There
may not be an easy way out. Once having reorganized things, cast the divination again to assess the
status of things.
This yin line being in the 5th place of the hexagram, is in the place of the ruler, an inappropriate place.
It is also the center of the upper trigram, the light, which symbolizes creativity and strength. The 5th
line of hex 1, the Light, shows how one should focus one what resonates with oneself (and/or what is
occurring).
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) treading and going on resolutely, but
even though one be firm and correct, there might be (is, was, or will be) danger (peril, or difficulties),
and distress (which may be hidden at present).
This may depict one who is (was, might, or will be) determined, but reckless (or at danger of being
so).
Here, there is (was, might, or will be) no easy way: to be successful quickly (in a short time-span) is
(was, might, or will be) impossible.
This is (was, might, or will be) a time of difficulties (and danger), and one can only go on (move
forward) safely, if one will not stop to be aware of it (the difficulties, peril and danger).
This means that one should only go forward (in the occurring way) if this is correct and right, but that
even then, there will be Great difficulties, danger, perils, and distress. If the reasons to go forward (to
go on, move, or act) are not right, these difficulties and dangers will only be felt (experienced) the
more.
Alternatively, this line may point to a situation where things seem to be heading into a certain direction
in a way that seems steady and resolute, but there may be unexpected occurrences that bring danger
and/or distress.
~ Profile
This man is constantly striving to improve his conduct (or being) through resolute advancement, in
consonance with the meaning of the hexagram, and this would normally have good portents.
In keeping with the law of physics which states that to every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction, resolute advancement, despite firmness and correctness, will meet with opposition and peril.
Primarily, this is the result of his striving too hard for rapid advancement. He should be aware that the
higher he rises, the greater may be his fall.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be courageous in cultivating his virtue. He will strive to
follow the right way at all times, and will drive out evil whenever and wherever possible. He will
encourage and promote good, and will carry out his purposes regardless of the consequences. His
life will be beneficial to others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will face many hardships, have few friends, and will possibly
encounter a major disaster. He will tend to be a wanderer, seeking to find himself.
When the time is ripe, advance resolutely.

Be gentle in conduct and show humility, otherwise you will stumble.
of moving (rules of action and behavior, treading and stepping carefully) in (for, with) the head
Supreme good fortune.

In the topmost place, this carries Great blessing.
One should be looking at the whole course that is (was, might, or will be) trodden, as well as at
ones conduct, and examine, study, and weigh the favorableness of the signs or indications
encountered; If these be complete and without failure, there will be Great good fortune."
Gathered sources: This line suggests to look at the whole course that is (has been, might, or will be)
trodden, and examine the signs encountered: if these be complete and without failure, and if one
does this in a wholesome way there will be Great good fortune, and ones aims and endeavors will be
rewarded with success.
There will be Great good fortune, as this happens in the occupancy of the topmost line: it is a Great
matter for congratulation.
JLK: Conversely, if "the whole course that is (was, might, or will be) trodden", and/or "ones conduct",
are (were, might, or will be) not showing any favorable signs, the good fortune can not be realized.
General comment
This line is at the top of the cycle of the Way of Moving, and the advice is virtually self explanatory. If
progress has been favorable, favorable results can be expected. If not, changes have to be made.
~ Profile
The persons represented here will be analytical and since they already have made considerable
progress, will be individuals with above average capabilities. How they use their attributes, and how
well they heed the results of their analyses, will determine the nature and effectiveness of their lives.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of wisdom and virtue, rich, fortunate and famous:
and he will be of great benefit to others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will use his analytical and other abilities for evil purposes. He
may make gains, but however hard he tries to hold on to them, his efforts will be in vain.

Through analysis, you can see what results you may expect.
Review your situation. If the steps taken so far have been favorable, good fortune can be anticipated.
This is the only way you can know what to expect in the future.

Hexagram 11, the Peace (Great and Massive, Massive Prosperity)
- Tai (T'ai)
The theme of this hexagram is peace like that reflected by a massive mountain formation, and/or joy
(exchange, wealth) that is well taken care of. It shows the image of massive prosperity.
The Image says:
"the peace; peacefulness; Great and massive; massive prosperity; extensive; the fluidity;
the massive genuineness; restraining and containing energy;
the work (or the proceeding) of a genius:
The Heaven within (and below) the earth.

Heaven and earth unite; Heaven and earth are communicating together;
Heaven which is below, moves upward, the earth, which is up, moves downward.
Heaven and earth associate and their energies work together.

A reliable and harmonious balance can come into any or all sort of situation: this is the way
everything can progress.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) making the cooperation of the forces of
Heaven and earth, Great and small, high and low, bear fruit, by (thanks to) his (own) careful
planning and care to what matters.
The Great Man in accordance (peacefully in harmony) with the way and movement of Heaven
and earth (with what is Great and small, high and low), will complete (manifest, realize, and/or
endeavor to make make perfect) his regulations (rules, mandate, and/or ways to do things),
and will give his help to all and everyone.
JLK: Massive peace is (was, might, or will be) showing what is genuine (the right basis for
association), and what not."
JLK: Hex. 11, the Peace (Great and Massive, Massive Prosperity), shows the image of the light
(Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, loving) within (and/or below) the earth (the
receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). It shows the divine principle (of light, creativity,
love) supporting the earth, and occurring (existing) in all that exists and that is small (dark, passive,
evil), and that all occurs in a divine context of massive peace.
A fundamental requirement in order for peace (massive prosperity, extensiveness, fluidity,

genuineness) to occur is that the right people and/or things are associating (or being associated)
together, the conditions of which are described by inner hex. 54, The Marriage (the Marrying Maiden,
the Long-Term Association).
Gathered sources: Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) and earth
(the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) interact, exchange, and operate with joined
energies. This results in a period of evolution and general prosperity. This effect is obtained by
sharing and "offering the sacrifices" that match the time or the needs of the moment. The sharing or
"sacrificing" is done on, so to speak, a "mountain" of wealth. This vast amount of wealth is located

between Heaven and earth, as symbolized by the lower inner trigram, the ocean (joy and sadness,
exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness,
swamps).
What is light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) is (was, might, or will be)
remaining inside (or "within"), moving upwards (coming). It may be concealed, or hidden within (or by)
what is the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) which is (was, might, or will
be) remaining (at the) outside (or "at the surface"), moving downwards (going away).
JLK: While in hex. 36, the Darkening of the Light (the Hidden Brightness, Oppression), the fire trigram
is darkened by the earth trigram, here, the light (male, creative, strong, good) is stronger than the
earth (female, receptive, weak, evil), as a natural and harmonious manifestation of each. Those who
are strong (should) show the capacity to lead, and be creative. Those who are weak (should) show
their capacity to devotion (readiness to follow) and reception, naturally and harmoniously restrained,
discretely at the fringes (of what is occurring).
The Great Man plans ahead, to allow for change and evolution, knowing that no state is without
change and (or as through) stagnation, as represented by hex. 12, Stagnation (the Stubbornness,
Stuck to be Receiving).
Knowing when and how to round certain things off, while knowing that some things are never rounded
off and will always belong to (ones) peace (peacefulness), and moving in the direction that will be in
accordance with this, beholds peace.

The Judgment says:
"Peace, peacefulness, Great and massive, massive prosperity, extensiveness, fluidity,

massive genuineness, restraining and containing energy, a work of genius:
These indicate success.
What is small goes, what is Great comes.

The ways of what is Great, superior, noble and right are (were, might, will, or should be)
increasing, the ways of what is inferior are (were, might, will, or should be) decreasing.
Thus, what is high and low unite, and all beings are (were, might, will, or should be) allowed to
come and/or to associate.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) operating (engaging) in a smooth,
unobstructed, and harmonious state (and/or way).
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) experiencing peace (peaceful), like a
flower that is well nourished and taken care of.
Peace (peacefulness, massive prosperity) is never fully acquired, nor guaranteed, unless one
continues to move within (with, or towards) it, and is willing to enjoy it in a way that is right.
It has to be nourished like when giving water to a flower (every day or so);
And it depends on the flower wishing to receive the water it is given.
One always hopes to be (merely) at its beginning.

If one believes seeing its end, one has understood (seen) nothing (significant) yet - let one not
be burdened by it.
If one can see (recognize, understand) deception in time (without overdoing or going too far),
and deal with it appropriately, this will increase the peace and help it endure.
Some of the most important (and effective) things to make it endure (constant) are done
joyfully (through exchange, resources, wealth).
There will be good fortune, with progress and success."
Gathered sources: Within lies the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male,
loving), on the outer there is darkness (the earth, the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female).
Within lives what is strong, what is small and devoted stays at the exterior, the superior one remains
inside, the angry and evil ones remain at the outside.
JLK: The key to peace, can be found when one will know how, if, and when to fear, and how, if, and
when to be supportive, and when not to, and how to rightly judge if others (or different "things") are
supportive, or not. One should always love, up to the point of loving what can not be loved. But this
does not mean one need be subdued, or be restrained in ones creativity. Being open to the other
always helps, as far as one can bear. A flower that doesn't need ("want") water, should not be given
water more than it can bear. One should attend to the flowers that do need ("want") water.
Thus, the key to peace, is to look at (contemplate, and/or learn from) the light (Heaven, the creative,
active, Great, strong, right, male, loving), as it is what shows the beginning of things.
It is by relying on what is Ultimate and incalculable, and thus, on the Creator, that one will find peace,
and a sound basis for every undertaking. By taking into account what is simple and incalculable one
will achieve much more success then one ever expected.
To know if the occurring of this hexagram is (was, might, or will be) fortunate, or not, depends on the
outcome of the strong (changing) lines, as well as the context and the related hexagrams (inner

hexagrams and future hexagram).
Gathered sources: Acting in accordance with etiquette (good form and intentions) will lead to
unobstructed and smooth movement, and then to a state of harmony and peace.
The superior one is (the force) at the center (core), while the villain is at the fringes. The norm of the
gentlemen increases, while that of the villain fades away.
Commentary
The communion of the Creative and the Receptive, the Yin and the Yang, in a state of balance, brings
peace. Qian, the light (the creative, the Heaven) is below and moving upward into Kun, the earth (the
receptive, the small), which is moving downward. They are blending equally in perfect harmony and
complementing each other. Working together in this manner brings peace.
~ Profile
Hence, this person should make progress in life, which will bring success and good fortune. The high
will help the low and the low cooperate with the high. It is a time of service and benefit, bringing
blessings to all. Wise, magnanimous, and productive leadership is depicted here.
These persons are peacemakers, bringers of prosperity, and successful innovators. Generally
speaking, they are superior persons who will set an example worthy of emulation by others.
Those born in the first moth [February-March] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: Peace (peacefulness, what is Great and massive, massive prosperity, massive
genuineness) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) at (and/or in) the
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) pulling up the grass (mao, ribbon, and/or thatch
grass) and bringing up with it other stalks of roots that are interconnected.
When grass is pulled up, the sod comes with it.
Each according to (and/or with) his (their, its) kind.
Chastising (and/or the application of correcting measures) is significant.

Advance (going forward, and/or undertakings) brings good fortune."
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing with things as when
pulling up a sod of grass: the roots come up with it interconnected (and/or intertwined). Thus, by
targeting one thing, that which is related or mingled up with it will be made to appear as well. What
comes up may therefore also contain unexpected things, such as other stalks of roots.
This line may indicate that by working on things "from the ground up", like when starting the work on a
garden field by pulling up the grass, we will find what we seek plus an unexpected bonus and/or

something one was not yet aware of.
The "good fortune of advance", as suggested by "the grass pulled up", arises from ones will being set
on what is external to oneself, as well as on sound basic principles.
Under the occurring circumstances, the application of correcting and/or inspective measures is
significant: their effect is significant, and one is also experiencing this in a significant way. This should
be in accordance with what is right (strong, superior, loving).
In times of prosperity every able man called to fill an office draws like-minded people along with him,
just as in pulling up (ribbon) grass, one always pulls up a bunch of it, because the stalks are
connected by their roots.
In such times, when it is possible to extend influence widely, the mind of an able man is set upon
going out into life and accomplishing something.
When ones principles and abilities are well grounded, ones actions achieve much towards the well-
being of others as well as of oneself.
JLK: Conversely, this might indicate that ones influence can have effects similar to those of the roots
of grass: they can give shoots in a wide area, and influence things widely. If the "roots" are good, the
results will be good. If not, then there can be no advantage.
Gathered sources: The text for this line is almost the same as that of the first line of the following hex.
12, Stagnation (the Stubbornness, Stuck to be Receiving), but with a contrary twist. In hex. 11, the
associated image is that of a man who is drawing another along with him on the road to an official
career. In hex. 12 a man is drawing another with him into retirement from public life. Thus, the text
says here "Advance (going forward, and/or undertakings) brings good fortune", and not merely "Firm
correctness, anticipation, perseverance and doing the divination, bring good fortune" as is the case
for the line of hex. 12.
JLK: This is the 1st line of the lower trigram the light. The 1st line of hex. 1, the Light (the Creative,
the Active) shows strength (creativity, activity) that is hidden. Here, one is (or should be) uncovering
(enforcing, and/or giving strength to) what lies hidden, and/or that is active in a hidden way.
General comment
Progressive leadership is indicated, whereby the leader draws others, well grounded and of like mind,
along with him in public matters.
~ Profile
Such persons will all have the instinct to advance, and will find themselves naturally drawn to the
leader. This cooperative effort of minds and bodies is bound to be productive, and, since the time is
right, the results will be successful. The leaders are very capable, but they must recognize that they
shoulder grave responsibilities which cannot be shed.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be intelligent, lofty of purpose, upright, and pure in mind.
He will associate and be intimate with superior men, and will not become involved with evil-minded
persons. He will be just and impartial to all. He will attain honors, have worthwhile achievements, and
may even become famous and rich.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a leader on a small scale or in a local way. He will
communicate well with his family, friends and associates, and will have a good life.

Cooperation brings progress.
You will associate with persons of like mind, who also desire progress and are willing to participate
actively. Going forward will result in good fortune.
genuineness) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (for, at, with) the
Peace (peacefulness, what is Great and massive, massive prosperity, massive genuineness) is
(was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of)
will be advantage.
This shows (how) one who can (should) bear with (or who stimulates, develops, supports and
endorses) the uncultivated (or "what is yet, still uncultivated") and who will (should) (as) cross
the river (the stream) (as) without a boat, who does not forget the distant, and who has no
selfish friendships.
Thus does one prove oneself acting in accordance with the course of the due mean (in the
appropriate way).
Although one is far away from ones home, one does not return, one does not leave (desert or
forget) ones fellows (those of kin, the family or the clan, those alike), and even succeeds
staying in the middle while pursuing ones way (following the golden mean)."
Gathered sources: "One bears with (or is stimulating, endorsing, supporting, or bringing development
to) the uncultivated and proves oneself acting in accordance with the due mean (the appropriate
way)": for ones intelligence is bright and ones capacity Great.
It indicates that one is able to maintain the middle when pursuing ones way, because the situation
and circumstances are (so) clear.
"One crosses the river (the stream) without a boat": it indicates that one is (was, might, or will be)
crossing the river by ones own (different, new, or "creative") means (tools, or ways of doing things).
The line is strong (yang), and at the center of the lower trigram the light, which indicates that the
means (tools, or ways of doing things) are (were, might, or will be) of a creative nature (active, filling,
strong, Great, flexible, or light).
As it is the bottom line of the lower inner trigram the ocean, it may (also) be associated to beginning
(or early) exchange (wealth, joy, happiness, or sadness).

~ Profile
Persons of great ability, using their potential effectively, are depicted here. They recognize that no
person or material is useless in the hands of the Creator, and they adhere to this principle in their
lives.
Fording the stream means engaging in enterprises. This such men will do independently. They are
true leaders, pioneers in government, business and industry, and the many arts and sciences.
Their Greatness is further illustrated by their possessing the common sense to know what lies ahead
of them and being able, therefore to act correctly at all times. In addition, they will always remember
their friends and associates from the past, never discarding them as is done by so many who rise to a
high position.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be wise and broad-minded, sensible, upright, impartial and
just. He will possess the ability to help bring peace to the world, and will enjoy a long, rich, noble and
rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will possess noble traits, but he will use them only at a
local level. He may become rich, and his life will be good.
If you have talents, use them.
A man of clarity and vision is in control, who sees everything clearly and in its proper perspective.
Follow the golden mean in all thoughts and actions.
genuineness) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (at, for, with) the
While there is no state of peace that is not liable to be disturbed, and no departure of evil men
(the small, or of what brings misfortune) so that they (or it) shall not return, yet when one is
firm and correct, as one realizes the distresses (difficulties, perils, or dangers) that may arise,
one will commit no mistake; No error.
There is no occasion for sadness at the certainty of such changes and in this mood the
present happiness may be enjoyed."
Gathered sources: "There is no going away so that there shall not be a return", refers to the present
circumstances as the point where the interaction of Heaven and earth takes (was, might, or or will be

taking) place.
He who remains persevering in danger, is without blame. Do not complain about the truth of: "no
departure is not followed by a return". Enjoy the good fortune you still possess, even when not
everything is (was, might, or will be) going for the best. Everything on earth is subject to change.
Prosperity is followed by decline: this is the eternal law on earth. Evil can indeed be held in check but
not permanently abolished. It always returns. This conviction might induce melancholy, but it should
not. It ought only to keep us from falling into illusion when good fortune comes to us. If we continue
mindful of the danger, we remain persevering and make no mistakes. As long as a man's inner nature
remains stronger and richer than anything offered by external fortune, as long as he remains inwardly
superior to fate, fortune will not desert him.
JLK: The fact that every progress (increase) is followed by a recess (or decay), is a Universal law. Yet
it is possible to realize a "curve" (of this phenomena) where the amount of progress is greater than
the amount of decay. It is this that presents the way to (ever-) lasting happiness (which is also
something that occurs by Universal law).
General comment
Here the law of change is exemplified, namely, that all things and all situations are subject to
inevitable rise and fall, coming and going, growth and decay, etc., with the passage of time. Even the
states of peace depicted in this hexagram are not left undisturbed.
~ Profile
This man recognizes the law of the universe for what it is, maintains his goals, and acts with
consistency and persistence, while being flexible with regard to changing conditions. He will certainly
have faith in the world, and will experience much joy.
Negotiators and arbiters are depicted here. Their principal mission will be to restore peace under hard
and trying conditions.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be steadfast in purpose, and will maintain his uprightness
even in difficult situations and circumstances. He will do his utmost to carry out divine will. He will
enjoy the fruits of his labors, and will have an easy and restful later life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have some successes and some failures, and his good
fortune will be self-made. He will also render beneficial service to others.
The law of change is never inactive.
Even in peaceful situations the law of change is operative, and your situation will become adverse
unless new elements are injected to replace the old.

4
genuineness) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (for) the heart
Peace (peacefulness, massive prosperity) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or
This shows one fluttering down (vacillating and fluctuating), not relying on ones own rich
resources, but calling in ones neighbors ("others", and/or other things). They come, not as
having received a warning (and/or order), but in the sincerity of their hearts (and/or the
natural, correct state of things).
And/or, what occurs may indicate that, although those around one (the people, the crowds, the
neighbors, others) are making it impossible for one to gain wealth and riches (power,
resources, exchange, and/or joy), and although one is (as) being sent from one end, to the
other (by them) one is (was, might, or will be) still trusting, and maintaining ones confidence in
them.
Then it may also mean one should not (only) rely on (what one perceives to be) the other’s
(rich) resources, as they may not be his but that of his neighbor(s) (circumstantial associate),
which occurs without this being on purpose, but due to the occurring sincerity (and/or method
followed)."
Gathered sources: Here, what occurs concerns the fact that one is (or should be) comfortable with
people from all walks of life, and/or with things that can occur under all sorts of circumstances. Virtues
are found amongst those who are (or that which is) rich (wealthy, opulent) as well as amongst those
who are (or that which is) poor (needy, scarce).
"One comes fluttering down, not relying on ones own rich resources": both oneself and ones
neighbors ("the others") have lost touch with reality.
"They have not received a warning, but come in the sincerity of their hearts": this is what they have
desired deep in their hearts [i.e. coming in sincerity].
Otherwise, this may indicate that ones going and coming (as one is (as) being send from one end to
the other), or beginning and ending (vacillating and fluctuating), is being caused by ones idealism (or
belief in a utopia). One is (was, might, or will be) putting ones trust and confidence in the others,
because deep in ones hart, one wants to trust the other [JLK: they be right or wrong].
On the other hand, this line may also indicate one should not boast of ones wealth, joy, power and/or
capabilities. In times of mutual confidence, people of high rank can come in close contact with the
lowly, quite simply and without boasting of these. This is not due to the force of circumstances but
corresponds with their inmost sentiment. The approach is made quite spontaneously, because it is
based on inner conviction.
This line may therefore also point to the fact that one should not be overly impressed by, and/or
concerned with ones own wealth, power, strength and/or capabilities, it be towards oneself, or
towards others. One should accept these with simplicity, and with appropriate modesty [JLK: and
appreciate the fact that all have their own strengths, qualities, and resources, symbolized by the lower
inner trigram, the ocean].
It may also mean that under the occurring circumstances, one should not focus on obtaining more

wealth, joy, power, strength and/or capabilities than one already has or is experiencing, if such is the
case.
JLK: It may be that here, under the occurring circumstances, ones neighbor (and/or associate) is
using resources (and/or methods) that are not his. This could be a problem resulting in being led
around without being offered a genuine solution (help, or resources).
General comment
Many situations are fraught with difficulties. In keeping with the symbolism, here, of the lines for man,
i.e. the third and fourth lines, line 4 is a Yin line leading a Yang, and in addition line 4 has two more
Yang lines behind it, pushing upward. This makes the situation difficult, and the Yin, being weak,
makes for vacillation here in goals, intentions and actions. These will be aimed in the right direction,
but are unlikely to produce great consistent successes. The wealth which comes from neighbors is
given by the three Yang lines, the neighbors of the Yin line 4, tending to rise and come to the support
of those having difficulties.
~ Profile
The persons depicted here are ever sincere, and will never lose their trust and faith in people,
especially their close friends. This reflects the inner sentiments of all concerned. These persons will
not, however, be as wise as they ought to be for the work that they seek to accomplish, or the
positions they wish to fill. Their vacillation will come mainly from a lack of knowledge and confidence.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will face many hazardous conditions in life. He will have many
doubts and will be unable to keep his mind concentrated on his goals and aims, lacking singleness of
purpose. He will make some gains and some losses, and his life will not be easy.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): Basically, he will not have a strong character, and he will have to
depend on friends and relations for support. He will not be qualified to act independently.
Vacillation and fluctuating get one nowhere.
You are anxious to achieve results, and run to and fro in your thoughts and efforts. Your peers are in
accord with you, and are willing to help. Make use of them.

5
genuineness) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (for, with) the
mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), through (in) the way

advantage.
One (what occurs) must study (look at, contemplate), and/or celebrate (appreciate), the
conditions at the beginning (of one, of what occurs, and/or of what has brought forth the
matter at hand).
Applying supreme seed, at an early stage (when young).

This is (was, might, will, or should be) of great significance.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like the emperor Yi, giving away his
daughter in marriage: with pride, joy and supreme style.
Joy and freshness will carry supreme blessings, and Great good fortune."
JLK: For the matter at hand, one will find answers by contemplating (learning from) what has brought
forth the matter at hand, and/or the conditions for it. This is like contemplating the qualities of seed. If
these be good, what will grow out of it will be good. If not, the results will be accordingly.
Consider the circumstances at a wedding: shouldn't they be Great, happy and beautiful? Starting
early in the day? As to not miss out on anything? What should be all the ingredients for it? Who
should attend? What should the celebration(s) be like? How should things be rounded-off?
If things are "Great, happy, and beautiful", then it is good to move on (advance). If not, then the time
and/or circumstances are (were, might, or will be) not right for what is being considered, and/or things
may have been compromised, and/or there may be deception.
Alternatively, this line may indicate that one (what occurs) may offer good "seed", and/or have good
intentions (a good disposition, and/or qualities), but these have been compromised by bad people
and/or circumstances. Acting with "joy" (wealth, exchange) and "freshness" (a new approach) may
remedy matters. Taking the first opportunity to change things will offer the most advantage, like for a
seed that bursts open early in the season.
Conversely, if what is at the center of the matter at hand shows lack of joy, freshness and greatness,
then there can be no real good fortune.
Gathered sources: Change form, be loyal to yourself, and return to a state of receptiveness, like that
of a young girl given away at a marriage.
At the center of the matter at hand occurs the "seed at the early stage of the day", or the early stage
of the life (manifestation) of those and/or that which is involved or concerned by the issue.
"Joy and freshness will carry supreme blessings, and Great good fortune": the subject of the line
employs the virtue proper to his central position, to carry his wishes into effect.
The text of this line refers to the Chinese emperor Ti Yi who took a wife from the family of King Wen's

ancestors in order to assure an heir. In this line it's described how he gave his own daughter away in
marriage: "with pride, joy and supreme style".
Yi decreed that daughters of the emperor (like his own daughter), after marriage, should take
precedence only as befitted the wife of their espoused. This avoided many difficulties and
embarrassing situations, and resulted in understandings and good relations which were a blessing to
the realm.
Thus, Yi became very happy, and he acquired Great blessings. This was so, because, being totally
impartial and not in any way compromised, he did what he felt had to be done.
Likewise, it may mean that there will be Great happiness and blessings, if one will do what one
(rightly) feels that has to be done, at an early stage [and/or if one studies and understands what the
conditions are or should be for what occurs at an early stage]..
It will also bring blessing if one will be devoted to rendering service and accept a subordinate position
like that of the emperor's daughter who accepted a lower rank because of her marriage.
General comment
A fundamental message of the Yi Jing is expressed here, namely, that to rule truly is to serve. (This is
also shown in hex. 42, Yi, the Increase.)
~ Profile
Those born under this line will likewise fare well and be a blessing to others, if they subordinate some
of their abilities, and delegate their authority and responsibilities.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a great and good leader and find it easy to obtain
honors, riches and fame, if he desires them. He will always remain humble, and will be reverential in
nature. He (or she) will have a good wife (husband) and a noble heir. He rules primarily through the
proper choice of subordinates to whom he delegates appropriate authority and responsibility.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also. will be of benefit to others, and prosperous. He will
enjoy a good life, and will be honored and respected.
To rule is to serve.
Be impartial in your leadership. By carrying out what is right, in a humble manner, you will achieve
good fortune.

6
genuineness) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (for, with) the
head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
What is (was, might, or will be) occurring shows (what is as) the city wall returned (fallen
down, crumbled, or overturned) back into the moat (the trench, or canal, from which it was
dug, or build).
If the city wall is (or remains) fallen down (crumbled, or overturned), however correct and firm
one may be, one will have cause for regret.
If one succeeds in reorganizing adequate defensive measures, there will be no blame.
It is not the right time to use the army (to attack).

One may announce ones orders to (the people of) ones own city (and/or domestically), and/or
(thus) initiate ones defensive measures being restored (or reevaluated)."
JLK: The occurrence of this line is an urgent call to make sure that ones defensive measures are
(were, or will be) in good shape.
It is not the right time "to use the army" (to attack), i.e. to attempt to actively subdue what one is
confronted with, and/or to allow, use, or integrate what leads to disintegration, and/or forces (people,
and/or creatures) that may cause such.
This is a time to install or reorganize defensive (and/or repairing, restorative) measures. If one
succeeds at this, there will be no blame and no regret.
There's a subtle nuance that can come into play, where it is right to restore "the city wall", but it is not
right to break it down (let it "fall down") to rebuild or restore it, since this is not the right time to expose
oneself any further to impending danger. The defenses should be restored (as) from the interior.
That which leads to disintegration is described in the 6th line of hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the
Passive). There is a fight between the forces of good and evil, and one can not be on both sides at
the same time. Also, under the occurring circumstances, proceeding with a direct confrontation
(attacking) will lead to some amount of harm for all parties involved. Therefore it is better to put ones
effort in defensive measures.
Gathered sources: This hexagram overall shows greatness and prosperity. But the image of this line
shows the walls of the city crumbled down into the moat. If this is merely the result of the present
state of things, then this means the city is going down, being ruined. An army can't protect a city if it
has no defense structure. So it will no longer be of any use at this point, unless something is done to
restore (reinforce, and/or install) adequate defensive structures.
This line may point to the fact that under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, or will be)
dealing with a situation where one is at risk of not having done all the preparatory work and/or
necessary maintenance for what one is (was, might, or will be) trying to achieve (ones goals and/or
objectives). The result is (was, might, or will be) that what is like a "city wall" - i.e. a domestic, and/or
protective wall - has (might, or will have) fallen (crumbled) down (or overturned).
Thus, the warning attached to this is that under the occurring circumstances it is (was, might, or will
be) better to put ones efforts into one own affairs (and/or community, and/or those who are alike)

and/or into what is the basis of that which is at the center of the inquiry. More precisely, this means
one may initiate the work on restoring (or reevaluating) ones defensive measures.
On the other hand, if what is (was, might, or will be) occurring is literally like a "city (domestic,
protective) wall returned (fallen down, crumbled, or overturned) back into the moat", while this is
related to "the wall" being repaired or given maintenance service, then this is in accordance with the
circumstances, and may indicate that one is averting misfortune (as one does what is necessary to
end with a solid "wall" that will hold, restoring ones defensive measures).
"The city wall returned back into the moat", shows how the governmental orders (or the "way of
ruling", the authorities' way of doing things, or the dominant consensus) have long been in disorder.
The change as indicated in the middle of the hexagram (3rd and 4th line) has begun to take place.
The wall of ones city sinks back (falling down) into the moat (trench, or canal) from which it was dug
(or build). If nothing is or can be done about it (about the falling down of the wall itself, and not in
particular about related matters), and/or if there are no adequate defensive measures, then the hour
of doom is at hand.
When matters have come to pass, one should submit to fate and not try to stave it off by violent
resistance. The only solution and recourse that may be left, is to hold ones own within ones intimate
circle. If, under the presently occurring circumstances one should persevere in trying to resist
misfortune and evil in the usual way (and/or by direct confrontation), ones collapse will only be more
complete and humiliation will be the result.
General comment
Disuse results in disintegration. This is a universal truth. Once the decay has set in it is difficult to
maintain order and discipline. Even efforts at firmness and correctness prove somewhat ineffective,
since they were not instituted in time.
~ Profile
The persons depicted here have gained some knowledge and experience, but have failed to use
these further. They have not remained flexible, nor have they kept up to date so that their abilities
would continue to be of use. Everyone knows that if you do not practice a foreign language you lose
your ability to use it, no matter how well you once knew it. So it is with other matters. Heed this
warning.
Most auspicious (in the best case): If humble, modest and mentally active,. he may be able to
establish some gains and benefits. He will have a life full of hazards and difficulties.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be conceited and boastful, impudent, intimidating, and
perhaps sometimes violent. He will make difficulties for others, and perhaps even ruin his own family.
Unintelligent neglect brings about disintegration.
Neglecting to keep up to date, being inflexible, and not mending your deficiencies in a timely manner,
can result in troubles and losses.

Hexagram 12, Stagnation (the Stubbornness, Stuck to be Receiving)
- Pi (P'i)
The theme of this hexagram is the stagnation (stubbornness) that occurs because the Great and
good are (were, might, or will be) going away, while the small are (were, might, or will be) coming.
The Image says:
"the stagnation; the stubbornness; the stuck to be receiving; the dissonant;

having to defend and be vigilant; the (attack of the) pirates;
protecting against pirates and dictatorship; the technical deficiency:
The Heaven above the earth.

Heaven and earth do not unite; They are separated.
Heaven and earth are not in intercommunication (and not associating).
Heaven pursues its way up, the earth pushes its way down.
This is the image of what is stuck, and dissonant.
The superior one in accordance with this, is (was, might, will, or should be) restraining, hiding,
and/or protecting his qualities, and thus avoiding the calamities that (may) threaten him;
Avoiding the difficulties and calamity of others, as well as avoiding to dwell in ones own.
He (therefore) is (was, might, will, or should be) not allowing himself to receive any type of
income (or favors) now; This is adequate, and in (accord with) time.
The Great Man will (securely) withdraw within, this way escaping the inferior influences that
are occurring and threatening. He will refuse to be tempted or corrupted by any kind of money,
riches, or special honors
There is no opportunity of conferring on him the glory of emolument (wealth).

On the other hand, there is also no opportunity to (accurately) clarify or define what would be
(fully, or truly) advantageous (at present).
During the time of this hexagram that which is small (weak, inferior, receptive, female) is
rising, threatening what is Great and superior."
JLK: Hex. 12, Stagnation (the Stubbornness, Stuck to be Receiving), shows the image of the light
(Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, loving) appearing (being active) high above the
earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). The light moves upwards, while the
earth moves downwards. It shows how what is superior (the light, what is creative) must remain in a
superior position, yet still operate with (work with, and/or adapt to) what is small (dark, passive, evil)
and may lead to stubbornness (stagnation).
Avoiding (dealing with) stagnation is a matter of (and/or occurring in a context of) gradually moving
towards what is right (strong, Great, creative, light, loving), as described by inner hex 53, the Gradual
Development (Gradual Progress, Progressing into a Whole).
Gathered sources: This hexagram is the complete opposite of hex. 11, the Peace (Great and

Massive, Massive Prosperity). Here, Heaven is above, drawing further and further away, while the
earth below sinks further into the depths. The creative powers are not in relation. It is a time of
standstill and decline.
This hexagram is linked with the seventh month [August-September], when the year has passed its
zenith and autumnal decay is setting in.
Thus, this hexagram indicates dissonance, decay, poverty and tension. It pictures one who (or
something that) has to obtain support from what is small (dark, or receptive), and who (which), by
doing so, is actually supporting, or stimulating it (oneself). In such a situation it is impossible to obtain
results that will be constructive, if one doesn’t adapt appropriately.
When, owing to the influence of inferior men, mutual mistrust prevails in public life, fruitful activity is
rendered impossible, because the foundations are wrong. Therefore the superior man knows what he
must do under such circumstances. He does not allow himself to be tempted by dazzling offers to
take part in public activities. This would only expose him to danger, since he cannot assent to the
meanness of the others. He therefore hides his worth and withdraws into seclusion.
This hexagram can also indicate an individual that is pretentious and arrogant (on the exterior), while
his behavior does not reflect his inner values.
The lack of opportunity to "clarify or define" can indicate that the one asking or consulting might be at
risk of not being allowed to be conveyed, or to grasp, the full meaning or implications of this answer
(or the hexagram as a whole), which could be seen as ambiguous or lying on a deeper level of reality.
The occurrence of this hexagram would then mean the (present) answer can not (fully, or
wholesomely) be given, or clarified by (the texts of) the Yi Jing. It may then indicate one should
reconsider ones aims and try questioning the Yi Jing again, but differently.
What is (the) small (the receptive, passive, weak, open, female, dark) is (was, might, or will be)
remaining (at the) inside (or "within"), moving upwards (coming). It may be concealed, or hidden
within (or by) what is light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) which is
(was, might, or will be) remaining (at the) outside (or "at the surface"), moving downwards (going
away); It may be projected, or "pushed forwards" by the earth, or "thrive" by it.
JLK: When one is in a state of stagnation and being confronted by what is small, one is at risk of not
seeing (understanding) how peace can be found. The key to peace, is to look at the light (Heaven,
the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving), as it is what shows the beginning of things. But
if one is in an inferior (weak, receptive) position, one may not be able to attain that, and therefore one
may get stuck.
The superior one is (was, might, or will be) confronted by those who are (and/or that which is) small
and who can not attain seeing (understanding) what is light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great,
strong, right, male, loving), and/or by that which can't be in accordance with it, and/or by those who
have no use for (and/or which can not integrate) the many qualities (and/or wealth) he has to offer.
Therefore he (re-)moves himself (advances) towards what is higher (superior, loving), while remaining
practical in his dealings with those who are (and/or that which is) small, so that all will turn out in the
best way possible.
It is by relying on what is Ultimate and incalculable, and thus, on the Creator, that one will resolve
stagnation, as well as find a sound basis for every undertaking. Gradual progress (as described by
the inner hex. 53) is the way to enduring success.

The Judgment says:
"Stagnation, stubbornness, stuck to be receiving, what is dissonant, having to defend and be

vigilant, an attack of the pirates, protecting against pirates and dictatorship, a technical
deficiency:
Understanding (learning) about the conditions and circumstances these indicate and entail
(cause) will lead to success and advantage.
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) addressed by:

Stop, (the) rebellious ones!!
Stagnation, stubbornness, dissonance, stuck to be receiving, forced to defend: all this is not
advantageous; Although the superior one is (was, might, or will be) persevering (anticipating,
or doing the divination).
There is no advantage (as) in the divination, anticipation and perseverance (in the way) of one
who is superior; Do anticipate (in) small, vulgar, receiving, opening, and/or dark ways.
There is a lack of understanding between the high and the low.

What is Great departs (goes, moves downwards), what is small approaches (comes, rises).
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) stuck, like the floor that is stuck to receive
the dust (dirt) that is bound to fall on it, sooner or later.
Stagnation (stubbornness) is never fully discarded of, and guaranteed to grow (in strength) if
one lacks the right vigilance, the will, and/or the right method to intervene.
One has to keep working to avoid it, like when sweeping away the dirt from the floor (every
day or so); And one has to intervene in time, so that the dust will (still) let itself be wiped away
(before it accumulates and grows too hard and difficult to be removed).
One always hopes to be (finally) at its end.

If one believes seeing (recognizing, being aware of) its beginning, one may be starting to
understand (see) things, and how to reach the end of them.
Some of the most important (and effective) things to overcome stagnation (stubbornness) are
done systematically (following a method, a system, a way of organizing), and by being creative
(active, strong, right, loving), even if with only minimal (modest) means.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) resting (things) adequately, and in time."
Gathered sources: What occurs is that ones creative, and organizing strength seems to flow away
(involuntary). What is (was, might, or will be) created is tough (unpleasant, or criminal), and not
harmonious.
This will in general mean that taking action will not be advantageous. Concentrating on taking care of
ones (own) business, in a humble, and correct way is imperative (protecting oneself against what
could hurt, attack, or brutalize one), and may be the only correct way to act.
Thus, the situation occurring is dominated by small minded, low life (receptive, or passive) principles
and/or unscrupulous low life individuals (being without a conscience). One should not join such
people, as one would be "singing with the wolves", not even in case of some substantial financial or
material gain. Stay in the background.
There may be a wish for good understanding as brought between the different classes of men,
however here the indication is that acting upon this wish is at present unfavorable to the correct
course of the superior one.

Heaven and earth are not in mutual communication, and all things in consequence do not have free
course. The high and the low are not in mutual communication. There are no well-regulated states
under the sky.
The lower trigram shows darkness, the upper light. This is like inner weakness, and outer strength.
Below the small man, above the superior man.
Thus the way of the small man appears to be increasing , and that of the superior man decreasing.
What is Great and creative goes (moving downwards), what is small and receptive comes (rising up).
During the constellation of hex. 12, Stagnation (the Stubbornness, Stuck to be Receiving), one keeps
still (concentrating on ones own affairs, protecting) while awaiting the proper time.
Commentary
Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) and earth (the receptive,
passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) are not in communion, hence stagnation and standstill.
Qian, Heaven, is above and moving upward. Kun, the earth, is below and moving downward. When
Heaven and earth do not cooperate and work together, nothing productive is accomplished. This is
where the symbolism of the high and the low not being in accord comes from.
~ Profile
Weakness is within and strength without, e.g. weakness at the seat of a government, with strength in
its armies throughout the country. In a man, it is weakness of intellect, purpose, and mental activity,
while being externally and physically strong. Mistrust prevails in the government, and gainful activity
is not possible in private life. The superior man does not allow himself to be tempted by honors and
fame, and withdraws from public life. Others are advised to study and prepare themselves within the
subsequent activity. Those born under this hexagram would do well to keep themselves up to date.
Those born in the seventh month [August-September] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) stagnation (stubbornness, stuck to be
receiving, dissonance, having to defend and be vigilant, a technical deficiency) at (in, for, with)
advantage.
misfortune.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) pulling up the grass (mao, ribbon, and/or thatch
grass) and bringing up with it other stalks of roots that are interconnected.
When grass is pulled up, the sod comes with it.
Each according to (and/or with) his (its) kind.
An ongoing process is (was, might, or will be) felt like a trial (a judgment process),
significantly, yet it is (was, might, or will be) leading to growth.
The guarantee (protection, protective mechanism and/or line of action) lies at the roots (the
base), and/or it is (was, might, or will be) brought up (made to appear) by the roots (the base).
Firm correctness, anticipation, perseverance and doing the divination, bring good fortune and
progress."
JLK: Here, by doing one thing, other things are (were, might, or will be) brought to light (made to
appear, brought into existence), like the stalks of roots that become visible when pulling up a thatch of
grass. This can be good or bad, depending on the occurring context, timing, and experience
(maturity) of those involved.
Under the occurring circumstances, the right way to go on is to follow the principle of "each according
to (and/or with) his (its) kind". It may point to the necessity to acknowledge and/or appreciate that all
have a certain nature and/or character, which will mean that certain associations can exist (can
endure), or on the contrary, are impossible (can not endure).
It may hold the advice to turn (attune) to oneself (and/or ones true nature) and/or to those who are
close to oneself (in nature and/or the ways of doing things), and/or to leave those who are unlike
oneself to their own devices.
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing with things as when
pulling up a sod of grass: the roots come up with it interconnected (and/or intertwined). Thus, by
targeting one thing, that which is related or mingled up with it will be made to appear as well. What
comes up may therefore also contain unexpected things, such as other stalks of roots.
This line may indicate that by working on things "from the ground up", like when starting the work on a
garden field by pulling up the grass, we will find what we seek plus an unexpected bonus and/or
something one was not yet aware of.
The "good fortune (which comes) through firm correctness", as suggested by "the pulling up of the
grass", arises from the subject's will being bent on serving the ruler (or governing).
The Great man (or superior one) is (was, might, or will be) the only one to be faithful to the King, who
is surrounded by bad (inferior, weak, receptive, open, dark, or unclear) people.

At this time it is better to stay in the (moderate, serving, inferior) situation one is experiencing.
The "roots", stand for any other archetypal connotation with the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating
and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the
experience).
Under the occurring circumstances, going on with something is like uprooting grass, taking with it at
the same time other interconnected things, or what is organically (or constitutionally) related to it. This
can be like the elaborating, and going on of a trial, which leads to significant growing exhaustion. Or
this turns out in a fortunate way, if the signals are read and understood within their enlightening
context (also see hexagram 2, the Earth (the Receptive).
If one sets a good example, others will follow. If one sets a bad example, others will follow as well.
Therefore the advice is to act correctly.
The text is almost the same as that of the first line of the preceding hex. 11, the Peace (Great, the
Prosperity), but with a contrary twist. In hex. 11, the associated image is that of a man who is drawing
another along with him on the road to an official career. Here a man is drawing another with him into
retirement from public life. This is why the text says here, "Firm correctness, anticipation,
perseverance and doing the divination, bring good fortune" and not "Advance (going forward, and/or
undertakings) brings good fortune".
If it becomes impossible to make our influence count, it is only by retirement that we spare ourselves
humiliation. Success in a higher sense can be ours, because we know how to safeguard the value of
our personalities.
General comment
At the onset of evil, removing oneself from it through active persistence in righteous courses leads to
good fortune and success.
~ Profile
This man is a leader who draws others along with him into seclusion. He will possess common sense,
intelligence and good judgment. He will know when and how to act correctly, and will follow such
courses as will be good for him and others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man born to a family of honor and fame. He will
further his lineage and cultural heritage in a proper and beneficial manner. He will engage in
enterprises
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will know when to advance and when to retreat. He will meet
with hardships occasionally throughout his life, and will have difficulty in following the right path. He
will not be ruined, and will be able to maintain himself and his family.
When retreat is inevitable, withdraw cooperatively.
Like attracts like. [JLK: And opposites will avoid each other]. Quietly proceed, with firmness and
righteousness. The results should be good.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) stagnation (stubbornness, stuck to be receiving,
dissonance, having to defend and be vigilant, a technical deficiency) in (for, at, with) the
Stagnation (stubbornness, stuck to be receiving, dissonance, having to defend and be

vigilant, a technical deficiency) is (was, might, or will be) occurring in (by) the way of (or at the
given by the regional chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King (the ruler, or ruling
consensus).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (like) (when) wrapping steamed meat.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) holding and supporting the small (receptive, inferior,
weak, female).
To what is small (receptive, weak or female) this means there will be (is, was, or might be)
good fortune.
If the superior one adapts to what distress and obstruction require, he will have success.
Because they know how to please those who are ruling (the prince, the governing, those in
authority, those who are powerful, and/or the dominant consensus), at present (under the
occurring circumstances) fortune (profit, or advantage) is (was, might, can, or will be) with the
small people (female, bad, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, or open);
But the superior one prefers to be concerned (only) by what is (was, might, or will be) causing
things to get stuck (the stagnation itself), without worrying about a possible loss of popularity.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) patient and obedient.

The superior one stops and/or adapts.
This will bring success."
JLK: Here, something is offered for nourishment (and/or to be used for a purpose), but it is too hot (or
otherwise inappropriate) to handle without it first being wrapped, so it can be received (still) with
caution (yet) without using (what are like) gloves, or without taking other extra particular safety
precautions.
For the superior one it is good to concentrate on what really matters under the occurring
circumstances, i.e. on what will get the situation ("things") unstuck, and not to worry about a loss of
popularity (or of what is popular, and/or what would seem easy). Being patient and obedient the
superior one stops and/or adapts.
This line may indicate stubbornness and/or some form of stagnation. Between two persons, this can
occur back and forth, it be right or wrong.
Gathered sources: The occurrence of this line may hold the advice to remain calm and untangled,
even when one is restrained by the demands of those who (or that which) demand help and/or
attention.
This may refer to a situation where the authorities (and/or those who are powerful, and/or that which
is powerful) favor the obsequious (overly servile). This means good fortune for the inferior ones (the

small, receptive, female, and/or bad). The superior one adjusts himself to the standstill and has
success.
Fortune (advantage) is with those who are bad (or small, female, receptive, weak, inferior, or open)
due to the fact that they know how (and try) to please those in authority, but the Great man (or
superior one) prefers to attack (and/or be concerned about) the reasons that cause the stagnation (or
standstill), without worrying about a possible loss of popularity. He does this by not getting involved
with the others (the crowds, or the people).
The "steamed meat" symbolizes either food prepared as a present for a superior, or a sacrificial
offering. The meat would fall apart without the wrapping. Similarly, under the occurring circumstances,
what is Great has been softened (and/or) weakened, and has to be (as) "held together" (kept in place,
and/or focused) by what is small (inferior, receptive, female, and/or bad).
Alternatively, the image of wrapping hot steamed meat shows how one makes it possible to handle
with good manners and elegantly something that is nourishing, which would otherwise be too hot or
(otherwise) cumbersome to hold.
The Great man (or superior one) adapting to what distress and obstruction require, will have success.
This is because he does not allow himself to be confused or disordered by the Great amounts of
smallness (femaleness, weakness, receptiveness, openness, darkness, or unclearness), nor by the
herds of small men (or people).
This means one does not allow oneself to be confused or disordered by the Great amounts of
smallness (vulgarity, weakness or receptiveness), nor by the herds of small (vulgar or weak) people
(or beings).
One drop of poison can spoil an entire flask of nourishing (valuable) liquid. Therefore, one who is
superior and unpolluted should retreat from (or protect himself against) inferior and possibly
poisonous (corrupting) elements, to avoid becoming tainted (or hurt) by these.
One should remain true to what one believes, and allow those below one (-self) to have their day, but
within acceptable limits.
Alternatively or additionally, this line may refer to a situation where inferior people are ready to flatter
(support) their superiors in a servile way. They would also endure the superior man if he would put an
end to their confusion. This is fortunate for them. But the Great man calmly bears the consequences
of the standstill. He does not mingle with the crowd of the inferior, as that is not his place. By his
willingness to suffer personally he insures the success of his fundamental principles.
General comment
The inferior are very weak, but the superior one remains steadfast. Even though the weak are favored
they are so weak that they cannot accomplish their purposes. The strong follow the right path,
regardless of external circumstances and conditions.
~ Profile
Since Yi Jing is designed for the superior one, it is right to assume that a person with this controlling
line will have superior qualities. He will be a leader, and will see through the motives and actions of
others, avoiding any association with their meanness. He will take actions accordingly, bearing in
mind the serving of others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be noble, broad-minded and intelligent, following the
golden mean and right paths. He will quietly await the right moments for action, and then strike

effectively. He will have the potential to turn deviations into righteousness, to break down obstructions
in the way of peace, and to turn misfortune into good fortune. He will not be disturbed or destroyed by
the difficulties he meets along the way.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be an ordinary person, with some good and some bad.
He should be cautious throughout his life to avert injury and disaster.
Take independent action when this is deemed necessary.
Today you must work alone. Take superior actions, and restore peace.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, or will be) stagnation (stubbornness, stuck to be receiving,
dissonance, having to defend and be vigilant, a technical deficiency) in (at, for, with) the hips
(the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or
application of the laws to live by, and their influence on (their capacity to change, and/or
transform) what is (was, might, or will be) occurring.

One is (was, might, will, or should be) (aware of the feeling of being) ashamed, or embarrassed
(of the purpose and intentions unfolding within ones breast).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will be) engaging in an unworthy and/or confused way.
The situation is not appropriate with one's position.
The way of holding oneself (presenting things, or "wrapping" things up) will shine through, or
look embarrassing, if the situation is not right or wholesome due to (one) being conscious of
(some) guilt."
Gathered sources: Here, the ruler (the one / those governing, and/or the one at the center of the
matter at hand) is (was, might, will, or should be) ashamed, or embarrassed, for the way he is (was,
might, or will be) behaving (or acting). Things will not change, unless he returns/moves to superior
ways.
Inferior people who have risen to power illegitimately do not feel equal to the responsibility they have
taken upon themselves. In their hearts they begin to be ashamed, although at first they do not show it
outwardly. This can mark a turn for the better.
Alternatively, this line can (also) mean that the ones who are (or that which is) ruling (in authority,
and/or the dominant consensus) make one feel ashamed (or otherwise restrained, limited), as well as
that going on would make one feel even more so.
One must beware of gossip, insults, and humiliation. There may be embarrassing words, or an
embarrassing way of presenting or organizing things.

JLK: Conversely, this line may indicate that if one has a possibility to avoid having to be ashamed
(embarrassed), or to be made to feel ashamed (embarrassed), then this is good and brings
advantage. This will be achieved by acting in a way that is right (strong, superior, loving), and
practical (with adequate "know-how").
The third line of the inner hex. 53, the Gradual Development (Gradual Progress, Progressing into a
Whole), shows a situation where (who/what is as) the man should not move outward (not go on
expedition), but move inwards, while (who/what is as) the woman should pay great attention to the
relation she has with her man (or what is like that), and avoid him going out (on expedition). Neither
one should venture onto (especially) the "dry plains" (the desert). One should work on protecting
against robbers and thugs, and/or what can be like this (it may even be ones own bad habits). Move
inwards, and protect. The image may also be a reference to the occurrence or necessity of a close or
even secret alliance. Here, one may be stuck as related to such an alliance.
~ Profile
Mean people would like to harm the good, but are held back. Line 5 is at the top of the trigram Kun,
and therefore indicates meanness, but the trigram Qian is immediately above, so these people are
restrained from taking the actions they would like to take.
Persons having this controlling line will be more unfortunate than most, to a greater or lesser degree.
Their destiny is such that they cannot do much more than make a living. They have several important
lessons they must learn in this life, in order to overcome and rise above fate.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will meet a noble or superior man who will trust him and help
him mentally and materially, and may also help him more than once to obtain professional
employment. His best course, however, would be to become a monk, a priest or a recluse.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be unable to follow the right paths. Furthermore, he will
be so poor in mental and material wealth that he is likely to pursue evil paths.
Being expansive without proper qualifications is wrong.
If one attempts to achieve something beyond one's authority and ability, one must bear the shame
which will ensue.

4
receiving, dissonance, having to defend and be vigilant, a technical deficiency) in (for) the
Stagnation (stubbornness, stuck to be receiving, dissonance, having to defend and be

vigilant, a technical deficiency) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in
(by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the
be advantage.
misfortune.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) acting in accordance with the will of Heaven.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) in possession of ones own fate and destiny.
Cultivating radiant and brilliant satisfaction.
Associates of like mind share in ones blessings.
Ones purpose makes one to be moving (things); Indeed.

One is (was, might, or will be) stepping left, then right. Up, then down; Repeatedly.
One is (was, might, or will be) committing no mistake; No error, no blame."
JLK: Acting as is being considered at present is in accordance with the will of Heaven, and/or should
be made to be so. This does not necessarily mean that what one is considering is right (without error).
It will foremost clarify about the will of Heaven, which can only be advantageous, and lead one to
finding the right way eventually. By acting (and/or advancing) with prudence and due diligence, one
will find the right way, i.e. Heaven's way.
Gathered sources: The time of stagnation is nearing the point of change into its opposite. Whoever
wishes to restore order must feel himself called to the task and have the necessary authority. A man
who sets himself up as capable of creating order according to his own judgment could make mistakes
and end in failure. But the man who is truly called to the task is favored by the conditions of the time,
and all those of like mind will share in his blessing.
"One acts in accordance with the will of Heaven, and commits no mistake (no error)": indicating that
the purpose of ones mind can be carried into effect.
"Cultivating ..." can stand for ploughing, taking care of the fields and gardens, and/or to develop and
continue successively. "Radiant and brilliant satisfaction ..." can indicate that this kind of cultivating
can also result in projection, enlightenment, and/or exhaustion, of all sorts, going into all directions,
but that one is able to discriminate and clarify things.
"Ones purpose makes one to be moving (things)", means that ones purpose will decide and motivate
what will be moved, moving, or not.
Something that is (was, might, or will be) done by order of (or in accordance with) who (or what) is
superior, can not be wrong.
Confucius notes that obedience to ones ruler (superior one, and/or the ruling consensus) should
come the first. If ones ruler (superior, and/or the ruling consensus) is (was, might, or will be) obviously
wrong (inferior, bad, dark, or unclear) then the ruler (and/or ruling consensus) needs not to be
obeyed, and can (and should) be disposed of. Ones friends will also be blessed, and become

famous.
This line is favorable. If one is (was, might, or will be) straightforward, and accepts ones place in
society, there will be satisfaction.
One who follows the commands (orders, or guidelines) of what is superior, can not be blamed. One
blends in with the crowd (the multitudes) and walks with equally obedient companions. It is only right
to do what one is told from a higher (superior) source, as this force is stronger and cannot be
reckoned with.
JLK: This is the 1st line of the upper trigram the light. The 4th line of hex. 1, the Light (the Creative,
the Active), shows how one is (was, might, will, or should be) avoiding being pulled along by the
turbulence of the deep stream of a river, which may refer to avoiding to be overpowered by the
difficulties one is (or could be) facing.
~ Profile
A strong and wise leader is depicted here. How many people can discern the will and ordinations of
Heaven? Such a person has found the true Dao (or 'way'). His inner strength is such that he will
automatically draw others to him. They will think and act in accord with him, and will therefore be
blessed too.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a noble man of many achievements, from which he will
derive fame and good fortune. His life will be one of service to others, and it will be long, satisfying,
and filled with many friendships.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will have a long life of beneficial service from which he
will attain good fortune. He will acquire appreciable property and wealth, and will be constantly active
until his death.
Always try to act in accordance with the will of Heaven.
Whoever acts in accordance with the will of Heaven will commit no errors. Be correct and obedient
with respect to authority.

5
receiving, dissonance, having to defend and be vigilant, a technical deficiency) in (for, with)
the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in)
the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling

advantage.
Rest (recuperate) and stop.

One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) resting (recuperating), stopping.
Fortune is (was, might, or will be) with the Great man (the superior one).
He hides, and he hides (again), that which must be protected.
Therefore, let one say: 'We may perish! We may perish!', so shall the state of things become
as if bound amidst a dense bush of mulberry trees.
Thus one is (was, might, will, or should be) bringing the stagnation to a close: unstuck."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, this is a time to rest (recuperate) and stop, and to protect
things by using what are like precious (nutritious) plants (vegetation, living organisms), and/or by
protecting these.
In a general way, it could mean one is and/or must be protecting oneself, and/or that which is at the
center of the matter at hand. It may hold the advice to make sure that domestic circumstances (the
space for living, and/or where things will occur) are protected and letting one have the opportunity to
rest and regain strength.
Gathered sources: The original ancient Chinese ideogram used here for "rest" is "xiu". It shows a man
and a tree, and symbolizes resting (in such a way). It was a Chinese custom to plant mulberry trees
next to ones house. Therefore the mulberry bush or tree is strongly associated with home and ones
domestic circumstances.
Here, one escapes stagnation (being stuck), by hiding as under (or behind) a tree, or in a bush.
Under the occurring circumstances, dense vegetation (or what is like this) can protect one.
"Dense", as in "the dense bush of mulberry trees", is "dao". It means "to envelope, enclose, hold
close". In the original text it is written with the symbol for "grass" or "plant" on top of it. Although this
way "dao" means "dense", it also represents the husk surrounding wheat or rice. The husk is a
protective envelope, like a cocoon, forming yet another womb image. This protective cover, with
something hidden and resting inside, is bound up with many images - of mulberry leaves and trees,
catterpillars and cocoons, silk, being at home, being in a protected (comfortable) place.
Alternative translations of the original text refer to things as being bound "to" a "dense bush of
mulberry trees", which also results in a useful and applicable image, namely that of resting and
strengthening something by giving it support from a tree, binding it that way.
Fortune is with who (or that which) is Great, because the position is correct. But one has to realize
that the situation is (still) dangerous enough for everything to be collapsing at any moment.
Thus it is good to be consolidating oneself as one would with a (mul-) berry tree: by solidifying it
thanks to clamping strands (or cloths) around it.

The time undergoes a change. The right man, able to restore order, has arrived. However, the fact
that this is the right man does not necessarily mean he is (was, might, or will be) "righteous" or
"good", but merely that it is the right man in the given circumstances and energies of the time, and the
change that is (was, might, or will be) occurring.
Hence there is "good fortune".
But such periods of transition are the very times in which we must fear and tremble. Success is
assured only through greatest caution, which asks always: "What if it should fail?".
When a mulberry bush is cut down, a number of unusually strong shoots sprout from the roots. Hence
the image of tying something to a cluster of mulberry shoots is used to symbolize the way of making
success certain.
This image also points to how in certain cases like that of a mulberry bush, the only way to give it a
new life is to cut down its branches to its root, or almost as much (depending on the species). This is
because the branches may be too damaged or waned, and are taking too much of the energy away
that is available.
Thus, this line may point to the fact that here, such drastic cutting away of what is necessary for new
life is (was, might, or will be) necessary, or has already occurred.
Quoting Confucius, from the Ta Chuan, section II, chapter V, par 9:
One who keeps danger in mind is one who will rest safe in ones seat. One who keeps ruin in mind is
one who will preserve ones interests secure. One who sets the danger of disorder before oneself is
one who will maintain the state of order. Therefore the superior one, when resting in safety, does not
forget that danger may come. When in a state of security, he does not forget the possibility of ruin.
And when all is in a state of order, he does not forget that disorder may come. Thus ones person is
kept safe, and ones states and all their clans can be preserved.
This is why the Yi Jing says: "Let one say: "Shall I perish? shall I perish?", so shall ones state be firm
as if bound to a clump of bushy mulberry trees."
~ Profile
A leader capable of restoring peaceful conditions is now at hand. Time has nearly fulfilled itself in the
cycle of stagnation and standstill. However, some dangers are still present, and therefore, in order to
be certain of overcoming them, the superior one holds himself together, as one might bind together a
number of mulberry trees for added strength. This means that such a leader should marshal all his
abilities for the greatest possible strength in order to overcome the dangers and restore conditions of
peace.
Another point of view is that such a person instructs and unites others, so likewise obtaining added
strength for overcoming whatever difficulties they mutually face, as well as providing a method for
maintaining the new conditions.
This person will be a wise, knowledgeable, experienced and fearless leader.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a wise and virtuous man, impartial and cautious,
knowing how to restore order and how to avoid troubles in advance. He will be able to withstand
mental, physical or spiritual stagnation, and will enjoy long friendships, riches and honors.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will he a virtuous man of modest talents, who cannot achieve
all he would like to accomplish. He will have an easy life with adequate wealth and possessions, but
no fame.

When matters are discordant, unite the divergent elements.
Bring stagnation or standstill to an end by uniting the divergent elements.
receiving, dissonance, having to defend and be vigilant, a technical deficiency) in (for, with)
the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
be good, and there will be advantage.
The standstill (stagnation, being stuck) is (was, might, will, or should be) overcome
(overturned).
Before, there was standstill (stagnation, being stuck) (because of the rebels, the rebellion, or
what is like these); After that, now there is great joy.
JLK: The superior one is (was, right, will, or should be) "turning things over" and/or throwing
out old (stuck) ideas and/or items (issues, relations, and/or other)."
JLK: There are times where the only way out of a situation that is stuck, is to follow a new path. Here,
the way out of a situation that is stuck, is to literally "turn things over" and throw out old (stuck) ideas
and/or items (issues, relations, and/or other), and/or ways of doing things.
Gathered sources: The cycle of stagnation and obstruction has run its course and is now over. How
could it have been prolonged?
Under the occurring circumstances, the standstill (stagnation, being stuck) comes to an end because
it is (was, might, will, or should be) overturned (overcome).
In the original Chinese text, the word used for "overturned" is "qing", and literally means "to turn on
one's head". So here, the idea is that in order to resolve a problem, one turns things around, and/or
on their head.
Another associated image is that of someone emptying something with a ladle, and/or that of
throwing out old ideas.
The stagnation/standstill does not last forever. However, it does not cease of its own accord; The right
man is needed to end it. This is the difference between a state of peace and a state of stagnation.
Continuous effort is necessary to maintain peace: left to itself it would change into stagnation and
disintegration. The time of disintegration, however, does not change back automatically to a condition
of peace and prosperity. Effort must be put forth in order to end it. This shows the creative attitude
that man must take if the world is to be put in order.
To bring about an end to difficulty and still maintain peace, requires effort, ability, and appropriate
timing.

~ Profile
The topmost line is a yang line, signifying a strong leader who works in keeping with the law of
change, and helps bring about an end to adverse conditions. This leadership will be founded on deep
and intimate knowledge of ancient wisdom and lore.
This person will work with the will of Heaven, and will be the focal point for bringing about peaceful
conditions, either consciously or unconsciously.
These persons will usually be found in key positions in their chosen field.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of great ambitions, and clever enough to carry
them out successfully. He will have some hardships early in life, with all matters smoothing out later,
to make life very enjoyable in his senior years. He will be noble in character, and a blessing to all his
associates.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will find it difficult to attain a favorable reputation and make
profits. He may be subjected to serious injury. Becoming a monk or a recluse would make for a
simpler life.
Strong leadership is required to bring any stagnation to an end.
The law of change is active. Take firm steps to inject new life into the situation.

Hexagram 13, Consideration of Ones Companions (the Friendship, the Company)
- Tong Ren (T'ung Jên)
The theme of this hexagram is the considerations one has to have towards those who are (or that
which is) accompanying one, who may be ones fellows and/ or associates. Special consideration is
given to the conditions of the relation.
The Image says:
"consideration of ones companions; the consideration of the companionship; the friendship;

the fellowship; the company; those accompanying; the accompanying;
that which accompanies; the considerations in the unifying (or the unity);
the union of men; people (and/or beings) in community; (joining or) being with others;
leading a community (with consideration), or misleading it;
the ability to lead or mislead others (the community):
The light above the fire.

The light becomes particularly radiant because it receives support from the fire.
To be with others at an endeavor.
It is good to (go on to) behave like the Great Man.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) distinguishing, and identifying everything
that occurs.
He is (was, might, will, or should be) considering and acknowledging, appreciating what is
consistent, and different in the ways that things will unite and give companionship to each
other.
Thus, he is (was, might, will, or should be) uniting, separating and dividing everything into
groups, types and families, being caring in his consideration.
The Great Man will treat all and everyone with love and consideration, in a way that will be
appropriate in each specific case or situation."
JLK: Hex. 13, Consideration of Ones Companions (the Friendship, the Company), shows the image
of the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, loving) occurring high above the fire
(illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy). The
fire projects light at a higher location. The light represents the essence of the fire's brilliance and
clarifying and/or activating (creative) capacity. This gives the idea of the fire giving support to the light.
It is reflected in those who give company to each others, and the way this occurs, as well as in what
things accompany other things.
In order for companionship to occur there must first be an encounter. Therefore the conditions and
circumstances of this hexagram are occurring within (or closely related to) the context of hex. 44,
Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching Relationship).
Gathered sources: The image of the upper trigram Qian, the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great,
strong, right, male, loving) is Heaven, and that of the lower, Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying,

brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) is flame. It is the nature of fire
to flame up towards Heaven. Here, Heaven and fire are unifying in a loving and considerate way. This
is what gives the idea of friendship, the accompanying, the considerations in the unity.
Heaven has the same direction of movement as fire, yet it is different from fire. Just as the luminaries
in the sky serve for the systematic division and arrangement of time, so human society and all things
that really belong together must be organically arranged.
Friendship should not be a mere mingling (or unifying) of individuals or things - that would be chaos,
not friendship. If friendship is to lead to order, there must be organization within diversity.
It's the second line that by virtue of its central character, unites the five strong lines around it. Yet it is
not advantageous if it stays "by itself" (and/or on its "own").
This hexagram forms a complement to hex. 7, the Army (the Disciplining, Dealing With Crowds). In
that hexagram, danger is within and obedience without, the character of a warlike army which in order
to hold together needs one strong man among the many who are weak. Here, clarity (fire,
illumination) is within and strength (the light, the creative) without - the character of a peaceful union
of men, which in order to hold together, needs one yielding nature among many firm persons.
JLK: Conversely, here, if the matter at hand shows one not treating "all and everyone with love and
consideration, leading or yielding in a way that will be appropriate in each specific case or situation",
then this is not in accordance with what is superior (and/or right).
Since one of the main themes of this hexagram is that of "leading a community with consideration" -
and a leader who is doing so - consequently, and conversely, it may point to the opposite, where one
is misleading "a community" (others), and/or not acting with enough appropriate consideration. In
such a context, the occurrence of this hexagram may point to deceit.
The Judgment says:
"Consideration of ones companions, consideration of the companionship, friendship,

fellowship, company, those accompanying, what accompanies, considerations in the unifying
(or the unity), a union of men, people (beings) in community, joining and/or being with others,
leading a community (with consideration), or misleading it, an ability to lead or mislead others
(the community):
JLK: All dealings with these indicates progress and success.
A union (a meeting, companionship, or accompanying) of individuals (men, beings, or other)

to be made (found, and/or considered) in the wilderness (in a remote district of the country, in
the open, and/or in a raw, wild, uncensored way): this indicates progress and success
To offer a sacrifice; Adequately; With time.
It is advantageous to cross the Great stream.

There is profit from the superior one divining, anticipating, and being persevering"
Gathered sources: A union of men depicts vessels of creativity and light coming together in union or
"conference". The vessels come together in order to communicate with each other.
A "union of men to be made in the wilderness (in a remote district of the country, or in the open)"
indicates on the one hand: the gathering together of a group of people, or creative energies (as
carried within the vessels) because of a specific reason, this can be any reason of some communal
interest like birth, funeral, business, marriage, war, or any action to be undertaken. It concerns a

group effort occurring "in the wilderness", which indicates that the situation occurs in a remote area,
or for instance in the social jungle, or the political arena, or any other more or less generally
threatening territory.
The gathering concerns a major action (and/or expression of power, creativity, activity) to be
undertaken: to cross the Great stream. There is profit coming from the superior one looking ahead.
On the other hand one is looking at things, situations, energies and people occurring in that
wilderness under a clear and bright light, which makes it possible to discern and identify them, and to
divide them into groups. One is given a clear vision on what is good, evil, straight, compromising,
etc...
The superior man knows the differences that distinguish people, and all that appears, he takes the
differences into account while keeping appreciative of the worth of what is different, or the lack of it.
Commentary
Unions between men are based on having a common goal, coupled with enlightenment and strength
within the individuals. This hexagram fulfills these requirements by having enlightenment within (at the
interior), symbolized by the lower trigram, Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection,
warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), and strength without (at the exterior), symbolized by
the upper trigram Qian, the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving).
When the goals are such that they can be known and agreed on by everyone, meetings can be held
in the open. This augurs success. Enterprises can be begun.
Regrettably, in any union there is a danger of selfish or separatist attitudes creeping in. Therefore the
superior man benefits by maintaining firm correctness. A systematic arrangement, with everything
having its proper place, is presaged.
~ Profile
Persons who are destined to be leaders in uniting people are depicted here. How well they fare in
accomplishing their aims is determined by their controlling line.
Those born in the first month [February - March] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: Consideration of the companionship (the friendship, the accompanying, a union of men)
is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in
Companionship (friendship, and/or meeting) at the gate (at the door, or on the doorstep).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) meeting or considering ones friends
(the others, ones lover, or that which will associate) (as) at the gate (at the door, or on the
doorstep).
Being at the gate, and going out of (and/or beyond) the gate in order to meet (for
companionship, or friendship), who would find blame in this?
There will be no mistake; No error; And no harm."
JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) meeting the other(s) (as) at (on) and/or beyond the gate
(at the door, or on the "doorstep"). Under the occurring circumstances, doing so is the right thing to do
(for the time being). While doing so, still, one should respect, and not introduce oneself into (and/or
invade) the other's house (territory, and/or personal life or "space"), unless invited in.
Conversely, this line may point to a situation where one is (or should be) meeting as "at the gate", yet
without going further, without venturing into the other's intimacy. In a general way, it may mean one is
handling the matter at hand while holding-back, without going too deep into things, staying at the
surface (at the feet, at the beginning of things).
Gathered sources: One (what occurs, the object of ones inquiry) is (was, might, will, or should be) as
the one described in the line and who is (was, might, will, or should be) meeting (as) at his gate (on
"the doorstep", on the border between "inside" and "outside", or between "including" and "excluding"):
who will blame one? Who would blame the one who greets (or meets) his friend (ones companion,
beloved or compatriot) at the door? Who can blame one who considers doing this?
There will be no harm.
It may mean that there is (was, might, or will be) no need for secrecy (to keep things secret, or
hidden), as one is (was, might, or will be) just as "opening the door".
Being (or standing) "at the door", may also indicate one is at the beginning, in the earliness, at the
border, or hiding behind something, or that something is (was, might, or ill be) still (partly) hidden.
One can be relatively safe being "at the door", as one is not entirely "locked up". But neither is it a
good sign, as one is not to the fullest exposed to the "open-air", or being "free" (one is not entirely
"inside", nor entirely "outside").
This is the (considering of a) union among people (a meeting, gathering, or the considering of this) as
it is (or should be) taking place before the door (or at the gate), where it begins and should begin
generally. All are (or should be) equally close to another. No divergent (or diverging) aims have yet (or
should have) arisen, and (thus) one makes no mistake.
The basic principles of any kind of union must be accessible to all concerned. Therefore, here, under
the occurring circumstances, secret agreements bring misfortune.

This line (and what it represents) is light (yang), strong without egotism. The weak (yin) line in the 2nd
place is a divided line, open in the center, reminiscent of the image of a door.
The strong (yang) line at the beginning, being strong in a strong ("beginning") place (or position),
seeks friendship, and without self-interest or egotism, and unites with the weak (yin, open, receptive)
line in the 2nd place, which in turn is central and correct, so that no blame is attached to such a
union. Even the two envious lines in the 3rd and the 4th place cannot find anything wrong with it.
If, on the other hand, it is indicating that the strong (line) hide(s) / reside(s) behind (in subordination
to) what is weak (yin, open, receptive, dark, or unclear, the line in the 2nd place) there is (was, might,
or will be) misfortune.
Then, this can (also) describe ones own (non-egotistic) strength while it encounters misfortune due to
the hidden agreements (intentions) made by others.
~ Profile
Organizers forming unions "at the gate", i.e. in the open for everyone to see, will engender no blame.
The true leaders among these persons will fully investigate matters before engaging in any
enterprise. They will separate and arrange elements in their appropriate order, and will cope capably
with divergent views. They will have the inherent qualities to be able to accomplish their purposes.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be highly respected, broad-minded and impartial, and will
have a natural attraction, drawing many persons to him. He may be appointed to an important post,
such as a cabinet position, the president of a college, the head of a religious or fraternal organization,
or something similar.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be an itinerant organizer with no firm roots. He will
probably leave his family circle and associate mainly with his wife's family. He will travel extensively in
his profession. He may become a priest or a monk.
Be devoid of secret designs.
This is the beginning of a friendship. Meet openly. Be sure that the seeds are the one you would like
to see mature.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) consideration of the companionship (the
friendship, the accompanying, a union of men) in (for, at, with) the calves, and/or ones
impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Consideration of the companionship (the friendship, the accompanying, a union of men) is

(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (by) the way of (or at the the
level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the orders being
consensus).
will be advantage.
Companionship (friendship, or meeting) only with (those) who is (are) alike (within the family,
the clan, or with those of kin); and/or only with that which is alike (oneself only).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) in relation only with those who are like oneself
(those of kin, or part of the clan), and/or considering only them.
This means difficulties! As it is the way to humiliation and regret."
Gathered sources: One (what occurs, or that which is at the center of the matter at hand) is (was,
might, or will be) as the one indicated by "the representative of the union of men" who appears in
relation only with his kindred: it is the path to regret.
It means one is limiting oneself to be only in relation with those like oneself, those belonging to ones
clan or family, or only considering things from ones own or the group's perspective. There is not
enough openness to other or new influences.
Thus, it may also indicate that things remain too unchanged or unvaried.
In certain cases it may point to the fact that there is a danger of formation of a separate faction (or
category) on the basis of personal and egotistic (or egocentric) interests. Such a category
(categorization, or faction, grouping) which is exclusive and, instead of welcoming all (men), must
condemn one group in order to unite the others. IIt originates from low motives, and will therefore, in
the course of time, lead to humiliation.
If a group (of people) is closed up (in one space) and inactive, this can generate a destructive energy
that will turn on its own (group-) members. This image is obtained from the 2nd line, in the middle of
the lower trigram, (as) being "closed-in" by the other lines. As it is a passive line, this accentuates the
inactivity of the occurring.
Additionally, the image for this line gives the idea of a gathering (and/or a union) of men in the
"ancestral hall", while there are regrets (sorrow). This may point to the fact that the issue at hand
concerns lineage, ancestry, and/or historical aspects, and is associated to problems with this. The
gathering could be that of a burial, a commemoration, and/or a ceremony related to a lost cause
(hence the regrets and humiliation associated to this line).
~ Profile
The persons depicted by this line are much sought after, but they are weak in character. This is the
single Yin line in the hexagram, with the five Yang lines all seek to unite. The second line is a position
of leadership in a hexagram. So these persons will tend to be leaders, but having weak natures they
will be adversely affected by all the attention they receive.

Many may be inclined to use their natural ability for selfish purposes or in factions. Low motives will
naturally lead to humiliation. Furthermore, one should always beware of the danger of being too
intimate with members of ones own clan. The tendency here to be too intimate is a sign of weakness.
Remember that members of the clan are often more difficult to deal with than strangers. With care,
the possibility of humiliation can be avoided.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be talented and will have wide knowledge, but he will also
have a tendency to be mean and prejudicial. He may have a high and influential
position in an organization of limited scope.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be influential to a minor degree, with a life full of worry
and sorrows. He may have an intimate association with someone of his own ancestry. Later he may
retire to a secluded life.
Keep all relations on a moral basis.
Relations not in keeping with accepted mores will lead to trouble. Keep all relations on an ethical and
moral basis.
friendship, the accompanying, a union of men) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) searching (learning about) how to
find more freedom and joy, while avoiding danger (difficulties, entrapment).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) hiding weapons in the bushes (the
thickets, or thick grass).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) climbing the high hill that lies in front
(or "at the other side").
For (what is as) three years one does not rise up.
For three years matters are adverse and one will be unhappy.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) hiding the weapons because one has (had) a hard
opponent (and/or challenge).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not rising up for three years: how could one do it?"
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will, or should be) hiding ones arms in the thick grass:
because of the strength of ones opponent (and/or due to the toughness of the challenge, or

exhaustive difficulty).
For three years one makes no demonstration (not rising up): how could one do anything?
JLK: In a general way, this line may indicate that one is forced to delay or suspend one campaign,
and/or the action(s) one is considering, due to superior opposition and/or obstacles.
~ Profile
These persons are seeking unity without sincerity, or will be lacking it at crucial times. They have only
hidden their weapons, and will retrieve them when they want to. They climb a hill to look around for
the most likely group to join.
The truly superior man does not seek others, rather he waits and lets others seek him. Therefore,
those depicted here are likely to be inferior, with perhaps a trace of cowardice and instability. Also
mistrust may have replaced true friendship. "Three years" relates to a cycle of events. These persons
must endure and progress through this cycle, learning to develop superior qualities.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a lover of eminence, no matter how great or how small.
He will mistrust others, which in turn will cause them to mistrust him. He will vacillate in his goals, and
will be an inveterate worrier. He will not rise to a high position, and his most likely employment will be
in work of a hard nature.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will seek friendship for the wrong reasons, and will be an evil
doer. He will not obey the law, but he will run into disaster and be punished.
When there is mistrust, re-clarify your aims.
Mistrust has entered. Re-clarify your goals and purposes, and persevere in what is good.

4
friendship, the accompanying, a union of men) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones
Consideration of the companionship (the friendship, the accompanying, a union of men) is

(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of negotiation and
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) mounted (climbing) on ones wall (ramparts).
It means one can (and/or should) do nothing (or little) else than finding a good position, and to
be considering things;
One is (was, might, will, or should be) contemplating, but not (yet) proceeding to an attack.
Ones good fortune comes from the fact that one gets (is, was, or will be) into trouble, and
therefore one is forced to be returning to the correct (lawful, and/or divine) way."
Gathered sources: As one may not be capable of (effectively) subduing the enemy, one is (was,
might, will, or should be) climbing on ones "reinforced walls". This is not cowardice, but good and
healthy thinking. Ones good fortune comes from the fact that one keeps ones good sense, even
under Great difficulties.
If one (what occurs) is (as) having taken position on a fortified city wall, then one is in the right
position, in the proper high place, a defensible position with a view on what is below. In that case one
can't be subdued by attack.
One is (was, might, or will be) mounted on ones city wall (in a protected, defensive and alerted
position), but yielding to what is right. One (what occurs) is contemplating, but not proceeding to
make the/an attack (and/or take action). There will be good fortune: one feels the nature of ones
position, and is (was, might, or will be) returning to the rule of law (sooner or later).
It is not (further) specified (in the commentary) if one has ascended the ramparts in order to defend,
or to attack. Either may be the case. In the latter case, this line indicates a significant and/or
precautionary delay. This 4th line corresponds to the ascending movement which represents one
accessing (in-)to the upper trigram.
Here, if there is a conflict, reconciliation or resolution moves nearer. It might be true that there are still
dividing walls between those confronting each other (that which obstructs). But the difficulties are too
Great, and can (probably) not all be assessed from ones position, although (or perhaps because) it is
a fortified (or "protected") one.
Thus, one is (was, might, or will be) forced into a way (of doing things), or into taking a position, which
brings one to ones senses, and which will enable one to contemplate, formulate and decide. One
cannot (yet) fight, and that is (was, might, or will be) what results in ones good fortune.
JLK: On the other hand, if one has no (own) fortified city wall to take position on, and/or if one
neglects to do that, then one is (was, might, or will be) exposed, and will be unable to defend against
attacks. In a more general way, this line therefore holds the advice to retreat to a safe position and/or
way of doing things.
Additionally, this line may refer to how one is (was, might, will, or should be) building a fortified
defending position, and/or preparing for action from such a position.

General comment
Courage, common sense and strength are the dominant characteristics here. The superior man
reviews his situation and examines himself to see if he has the adequate qualities for establishing
friendship, and whether he should advance, or wait before launching his plans.
~ Profile
This man will have an intuitive sense of what is right, and will maintain his goals and intentions even
under difficult situations. He will continue to develop himself inwardly, so that his innate strength acts
like a magnet and draws the friendship to him which he desires.
This will result in benefits and good fortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will know when to advance, when to wait, and when to retreat.
He will know what is right and the best courses to pursue to attain his aims, and he will be satisfied
with what is attainable and not be greedy. He will be noble and may become rich. He is likely at some
time to be assigned to a high position away from the seat of his career.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be able to advance, but will find it difficult. He will be
trusted and respected by his juniors and seniors alike, but he will have much to learn. He will have a
generally good life.
If you are not amid friendship, pause and reassess your situation.
Review the situation. Reassess your abilities. Determine whether you are ready to exercise the
leadership requirements facing you.

5
friendship, the accompanying, a union of men) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in,

advantage.
With the company of the other(s) (or of what is appropriately associated to what is at the
center of what is occurring, what is accompanying) laughs will follow the tears as the people
(the crowds, the others) succeed in bringing one together with ones friend(s) (what is
appropriately associated, and/or supportive).
A Great army (like that) conquers all that it will encounter.
Under these circumstances, after Great struggles one succeeds in meeting (or accomplishing
the consideration of) ones companion (the companionship, what is accompanying).
In that case one is (was, might, or will be) victorious.
JLK: If one can "shake hands" (be friendly) with ones companion (friend, associate) in good
faith and with good intentions, then things will be better, and may lead to victory.
Alternatively and/or conversely, if one can not "shake hands" (be friendly) with ones
companion (friend, associate) in good faith, and/or if one is not succeeding in meeting (or
accomplishing the consideration of) ones companion (if one is not in the company of others,
and/or not appropriately associated), there are (were, might, or will be) no significantly
profitable results."
Gathered sources: Here, victory is (was, might, or will be) occurring thanks to great perseverance and
after great struggle, but only if one (and/or what is at the center of what is occurring) is in appropriate
company (if there is an appropriate association, consideration, and/or solidarity). If one (and/or what
occurs) is not in appropriate company (and/or not appropriately associated, considered, appreciated,
supportive), then there are (were, might, or will be) no significantly profitable results.
The first action of the union of men (those together, the companions) here described arises from its
straightforward character and the line's central position (in the upper trigram).
Thus, the first action is the weeping crying and lamenting, as it is indicated by the fact that one finds a
yin line - indicating smallness and receptiveness - between the strong lines of the lower trigram, the
fire (which indicates brightness and exhaustion), and below the strong lines of the upper trigram and
inner upper trigram, the light (the strength, the creativity). The lower trigram, the fire, also indicates
the use of weapons, and its potential effects (i.e. exhaustion, pain and/or brightness, warmth,
practical usefulness).
The occurring meeting of men, the companionship, or the friendship secured by ones Great army,
suggests (or indicates increase of the possibility) that its opponents have been (or will be) overcome.
This can also indicate two (or several) people who are separated outwardly, but who in their hearts
are united. They are (as) kept apart by their position or turbulence in life. Many difficulties and
obstructions arise between them and cause them grief. But, remaining true to each other, they allow
nothing to separate or divide them. It will cost them a severe struggle (conquering whatever that will
occur) to overcome the obstacles, but they will (eventually) succeed. When they come together their

sadness will change to joy.
What is (was, might, or will be) fortunate here is that it is the crowds (the people, or "the others") who
(may) succeed to bring those who are separated (crying, weeping and lamenting), by doing somehow
what is necessary (or by speaking the right words).
The key to establishing friendship is depicted here. It is beautifully expressed thus by Confucius:
Life leads the thoughtful man on a path of many windings.

Now the course is checked, now it runs straight again.
Here winged thoughts may pour freely forth in words.
There the heavy burden of knowledge must be shut away in silence.
But when two people are at one in their inmost hearts,
They shatter the strength of iron or of bronze.
And when two people understand each other in their inmost hearts,
Their words are sweet and strong, like the fragrance of orchids.
Alternatively, the fact that one attains ones goal with the help of "others", may point to the necessity of
organizing ones resources and methods optimally and thoroughly, before beginning ones endeavor
(or continuing with it).
~ Profile
These persons will be strong, purposeful, idealistic, persistent, intelligent, knowledgeable, warm-
hearted, considerate, and willing to render service and nourishment to others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a true gentleman and leader, following the right way,
talented, full of virtue and honor. He will experience hardships at first, then later attain his goals, for
which he will achieve fame and profit. He will attain a high position, and will execute his office
successfully, as he will all his enterprises.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have hardships and sorrows which he should eventually
largely overcome, although he may be plagued with troubles all his life. At some point he will be
honored in his profession, and thereafter will amass modest wealth.
Persevere in successful courses.
The zenith of friendship has been achieved through overcoming many difficulties and handicaps. The
attainment is blissful and gratifying. Continue on your successful course.

6
friendship, the accompanying, a union of men) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling
A union of men, and/or the consideration of the companionship, is (was, might, will, or should
be) (as) occurring in the countryside (a suburb, a remote district of the country, or at a rural
altar).
This is not yet what is willed; Not yet satisfying.

Yet there is no mistake in that which is (was, might, or will be) occurring.
No remorse. There will be no occasion for repentance, or regrets."
Gathered sources: That which is (was, might, or will be) occurring (or which, in the other case, is
painfully not occurring), is not in accordance with what one may be (or may have been) (righteously)
expecting.
The union of men (or the considering of a meeting, the companionship or friendship) appears in the
suburbs (at the periphery): its objective has not yet been attained.
If all the members of a group will work together (as) in "the open air", they will succeed their
enterprise. Here, the activity is like that of a war, as the 6th line often indicates a conflict (an extreme,
conflicting, and/or difficult situation), if it is not explicitly positive.
There is (was, might, or will be) no (Great) trouble, but neither can there be expected that something
Great will be accomplished, or is such an objective to be attained on a short notice (more likely: in
"the remoteness of time").
What might occur is that the warm attachment that springs from the heart is lacking here. One might,
by this time (or in the future), actually be outside of friendship (companionship) with others.
However, the reason that one is alienating oneself from them is (was, might, or will be) due to ones
own actions or position (not necessarily without being correct). The friendship (union, or relationship)
as it occurs here, does not include all, but only those who happen to draw near to one another, which
may be caused due to particular circumstances that occur beyond what might directly be influenced
by ones own intervention.
The meadow, or suburb, is the territory or district at the entrance to (the) town. At this stage, the
Ultimate goal of the union of mankind has not yet been attained, as it is dwelling in this meadow or
suburb, but one need not reproach this to oneself. One is (was, might, will, or should be) joining the
community without separate aims of ones own (i.e. without egotistic motives).
In any case, it is advised to have no remorse, and not to grieve over this, as there is nothing one can
(effectively) do (about it/things).
General comment
Friendship in the country is not as wide as that in towns. This indicates that the time for the greatest
friendship is past, but that efforts towards friendship, by those possessing qualities for organization
and leadership should continue.
The results will be limited but the effort will be worth while, engendering no error or regrets.

~ Profile
These persons will have above average leadership abilities, capable of persisting towards a desirable
goal, and will be able to act independently. They will be ambitious but not with a compelling ambition,
and will be content with whatever gains they manage to make.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be an intelligent, broad-minded leader or organizer, of a
noble and rich nature.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will become a monk, or person of similar activity in which
friendship is circumscribed.
Always work towards universal friendship.
Join and work with some group having a universal goal, no matter how large or small, or establish
one for yourself.

Hexagram 14, the Managing of Great Possessions (Great Opulence, Great
Possessing)
- Da You (Ta Yu)
The theme of this hexagram is the way one is managing (ones) great possessions and riches.
The Image says:
"the managing of Great possessions; managing Great opulence; Great possessions;

the Great possessing:
The fire high in the sky.

The image of Great possessions.
Creative and dynamic energies make the fire grow high and huge.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) restraining misfortune and the evil that is
caused by this, by (through) stimulating what is good. This way, he is (was, might, will, or
should be) fulfilling the never faltering fullness and goodwill of Heaven (of what is right,
creative, loving), considering, anticipating and stimulating the correct way of managing Great
possessions.
The Great Man will restrain the bad, and support the good.
He will always act according to the will of Heaven (of what is right, creative, loving) and will
know after careful consideration what has to be considered Great possessions (they be
material or immaterial), what not, and the way these are to be managed, as knowing this will
depend on more than considering sizable Greatness only."
JLK: Hex. 14, the Managing of Great Possessions (Great Opulence, Great Possessing), shows the
image of a fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of
energy) high in Heaven (manifested through what is light, creative, active, Great, strong, right, loving).
This results in the idea of "Great possessions", and the managing of it. Like the sun that generously
shines its light (creative energy) and warmth (brilliance) from high above, yet which has to be dealt
with appropriately so that its precious and beneficial gifts (warmth, energy, nourishment) can be
appropriately used (applied), and not bear harm.
Sooner or later, the "managing of Great possessions" will (or should) be occurring in (or closely
related to) a context of resoluteness and/or an angry outburst, as described by inner hex. 43, the
Resoluteness (the Angry Outburst, the Settling of a Decision).
The fact that "the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) restraining misfortune and the evil
that is caused by this, by (through) stimulating what is good, shows that this is what naturally leads to
"Great possessions", they be material (physical, at the exterior) or spiritual (at the interior).
Conversely, If those at the center of the matter at hand do not show such stimulation of what is good,
there can be no advantage.
Gathered sources: The Great possessions are symbolized by the sun in the sky, the upper trigran, the

fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy),
shining its light onto everything that is alive, active, and below, symbolized by the lower trigram, the
light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving).
Yet a possession of this sort must be properly managed. The sun can bring both evil and good. Man
must combat and curb the evil, and must favor and promote the good. Only in this way does he fulfill
the benevolent will of the Creator, who desires only good and not evil. It is when misfortune occurs, or
distress, that evil seems to occur, but in reality what is evil to one may be good for the other and vice
versa, and it is foremost the power of transformation that is experienced at these times, as it is at its
strongest, or even radical, in order to force if necessary, successful change or growth.
The oppression of misfortune and the evil related to it, is at first indicated by the lower trigram: the
light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving), which indicates judgment,
stimulates change (by activating each one and everything), fighting evil in all that is alive.
The action of further stimulating what is good, is symbolized by the upper trigram, the fire
(illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), which
projects light on everything and, by doing so, clarifies and puts order into everything. Both trigrams
indicate the will of Heaven fulfilled by the obedient seeker. The fire (the upper trigram) indicates one is
giving oneself.
The fire (burning) High in Heaven shines and projects from afar, thus all things get enlightened,
exposed to light, and brought into life or existence. Thus, what has occurred, or is occurring, is
manifesting, as by itself (again).
It may also indicate that one contemplates those who could have been oneself, ones fellow man, to
stimulate general compassion, sincerity and awareness.
The great possessions indicated by this hexagram can be of a material nature, but also of a spiritual,
intellectual, idiomatic, emotional, relational or otherwise immaterial nature.
The Judgment says:
"Managing Great possessions, Great opulence, Great possessing:
These indicate the offering of a Great or big sacrifice, or a Great occasion; Great success."
Gathered sources: The two trigrams indicate that strength and clarity unite. Possession in great
measure is determined by fate and accords with the time. How is it possible that the weak line has
power to hold the strong lines fast and to possess them? It is done by virtue of unselfish modesty.
The time is favorable, a time of strength within, clarity and culture without. Power is expressing itself
in a graceful and controlled way. This brings supreme success and wealth.
That which is soft, cooperative, light, giving in, and easy going has a major influence during the
constellation of this hexagram. Especially in relation to its fifth line, to which all other lines associate.
This hexagram thus also indicates strength, and culture or cultivation. Due to one doing things by
giving in to the will of Heaven, and doing things the right way, with sincerity, one must certainly obtain
success.
~ Profile
These auspicious persons are endowed with great perspicacity. Light and clarity are above, with
creative strength below.

While hex. 13, the Consideration of the Companionship (and the reverse of hex. 14), represents
friendship and brotherhood on earth, those born under this hexagram, through proper development,
can achieve much friendship in spiritual matters.
Thus the creative power within these individuals expresses itself in a graceful and cultured way.
Possessing and amassing naturally follow the acquisition of great inner spiritual power. The degree
will vary, depending of the degree of spiritual development. The path is not smooth or easy, and some
set-backs may occur.
In general, those with this hexagram as their base will be blessed and will have a better than average
life. This will come from being in accord with Heaven, and gladly carrying out divine will, which is
affirmed by love and goodness, and by the curbing of evil. Those born in the first month [February -
March] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) managing Great possessions (Great
opulence) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the
floor), and/or in the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
There should be no intercourse, or relation, with what can bring injury;

Yet to know what will control this; This is a difficult principle;
No mistake, no error, and not to be blamed.
If one stays aware of this type of difficulty, one will remain without blame;
Not accepting mistakes, or errors; Nor forgetting one."
JLK: In a simple way, the text advises: stay out of danger (difficulties, liveliness) that could potentially
cause injury (loss of strength, creative power).
This is the first line of the lower trigram, the light. The 1st line of hex. 1, the Light (the Creative),
shows a dragon that is hidden from sight. Similarly one may have to avoid acting overtly, or only act in
indirect ways. One should lay "low".
Gathered sources: If one remains conscious of difficulty, one remains without blame. Thus, the advice
of this line may be that one should stay away from those things that may be damaging and especially
do nothing that draws attention to oneself.
To stay out of danger, to be careful and cautious in times of plenitude is difficult, since wealth,
especially material wealth, will encourage laxity, and attract larceny. Therefore, here the advice is
that one is (was, might, will, or should be) taking appropriate measures to avoid difficulties, to the
extent that this can be done in an appropriate, reasonable and safe way.
This line may point to a situation where great possessions (or favorable circumstances) that are (just)
occurring, have not yet been questioned, or (re-) claimed, or put at risk. Thus, one remains without
blame, because there has simply been no occasion to make a mistake (errors). Yet, many potential
difficulties remain to be solved. Only by remaining aware of the difficulties can one become inwardly
free and make sure not to be arrogant, abusive and/or wasteful. Following caution this way one will
not befall to any curse.
"Not forgetting one", indicates that a secret success lies in remembering adequately, and in time,

previous or possible future mistakes (errors) and difficulties. One (what occurs) is (was, or should be)
anticipating these, and to remember how.
~ Profile
The novice is beginning to make progress. He is a man of culture, learning now to seek a greater
understanding of life, and the universe. He has resolved not to associate with evil, which is
commendable, but he is only just beginning, and he will have to face and overcome many practical
difficulties. If he has a true realization of the difficulties, he can remain without fault. Being a novice,
his successes and failures will be determined by the firmness of his resolve. He should recognize that
in metaphysics there is action and reaction, just as in physics.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of virtue, and very talented. He should keep his
spiritual strivings in the background, and help others by generating profits which he then puts to
altruistic use. It is best for him not to seek fame.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may strive too high too soon and face difficulties. He is likely
to receive serious slanders. If conservative and cautious, he can avoid troubles, or cope with them
successfully even in times of hardship.
The diligent novice progresses satisfactorily.
In any amassing, be wary of dangers creeping in.

2
opulence) in (at, for) the calves, and/or ones impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or
regional).
Managing Great possessions (Great opulence) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, will, might, or should be) (as) loading a big chariot (a wagon,
vehicle, something used to move and/or carry things).
The load will determine (influence) how (where, and when) the big carriage moves, due to its
weight and capacity (gravitational power) to center (direct) the movement.
One (what occurs) is (was, will, might, or should be) like a big chariot (vehicle, or means of
moving things) that is (was, might, will, or should be) used to carry (to move) things (what is at
the center).
It possesses (imposes, or implies) a direction (a directed movement).
It's right to amass (to add to, increase, stimulate or strengthen) the centering (the gravitational
power, the balancing, that which lies at the center, and/or doing things the right, strong way).
It's not right to destroy (stop, ruin, hamper or violate) the centering (the gravitational power,
the balancing, that which lies at the center, or doing things the right way).
There is a goal to set forth to (to pursue). No error"
Gathered sources: This line may point to how one is (was, might, will, or should be) using the material
and/or spiritual wealth that one has available to succeed and/or follow the great momentum one is
(has been, might be or will be) (already) obtaining from it.
The fact that "a big chariot" is used, points to how what is as a large "vehicle" not only allows for
moving a big and/or heavy load, but how it also imposes a direction to follow, i.e. not allowing for
(major) deviations and detours, nor allowing for abrupt stops and restarts.
This may point to the fact that one must be (was, might be, will be, or should be) using more of the
material (physical) and/or spiritual (mental) wealth (or strength) that one has available in order to
guarantee success, and/or to follow the direction (the trend) that it is (has been, might be or will be)
indicating.
Great possession consists not only in the quantity of goods at one's disposal, but, first and foremost,
in their mobility and utility, for then they can be used in undertakings, and we remain free of
embarrassment and mistakes. The image of the big chariot (vehicle), which will carry a heavy load
and in which one can journey far, points to the fact that there are at hand able helpers (tools or
methods) who give their support and are equal to their task. One can load great responsibility upon
such persons (tools or methods), and this is necessary in important undertakings.
General comment
A favorable time and favored persons are indicated. Spiritual wealth is available in great quantities.
Persons knowing how to draw on it can set forth on any enterprise in any direction and be confident

of success. It is most propitious if the goals chosen are universal in nature, no matter how humble.
While the material and/or spiritual spiritual wealth is available it must be used as a blessing, and the
more it is used the less chance there is of error.
~ Profile
Individuals with this hexagram as their base will be found in various walks of life and at many levels,
but all will have the common purpose of striving for good and for the improvement of the world. One
can load great responsibility upon these persons.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have great virtue and be very talented, and he will
establish great merit. He will be able to calm anarchy and quell disorders, and he will have a good
and beneficial life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will have a long life and great good fortune, with no
major worries or troubles. He may attain wealth. In yearly hexagram:
When material and/or spiritual wealth is available, use it.
It is a propitious time for acting on those goals which are universal.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) managing Great possessions (Great
opulence) in (at, for) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones
virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or application of the laws to live by, and their
influence on (their capacity to change, and/or transform) what is (was, might, or will be)
occurring.
The prince (the one at the center of the issue at hand) is (was, might, will, or should be)
presenting an offering to the Son of Heaven (for a higher purpose).
A petty (small) person could not do this.
Who is truly (already) Great, might be allowed to gain some confidence, and some
consideration."
Gathered sources: This line points to the fact that if one has wealth (or certain advantageous
capacities, talents, potential), one should use it (them) properly, i.e. to the benefit of the community
and/or the universe. Here, such may be already the case, or it may be necessary, or it may be
forthcoming if such is in accordance with the will of Heaven and supported by the greatness
(correctness) of ones action(s).
One is or should be offering ones wealth as if to "the Son of Heaven", i.e. to those who represent the

very best this plane of existence has brought forth.
A Great man does not consider his possessions to be his, but of where he is coming from, i.e. the
worlds, the All, or the society he is being part of. He considers whatever possessions he owns, never
to be only beneficial to himself. In so doing, he takes the right attitude toward his possessions, which
as private property can never endure.
A small-minded person on the other side, may not be capable to live with such an attitude, nor can he
own big possessions successfully as the small-minded person can not sacrifice, but only tries to keep
things to him- or herself.
Consequently, this line may also point to the fact that those living with such a small-minded attitude
will sooner or later find the Universe taking away what has so generously been granted to them.
The "Son of Heaven" is the Emperor, or King (or Queen). In ancient China, the nobility had certain
duties and responsibilities, which the common people did not have. Then, as well as in the world of
today, a person of rank and standing, who owns or has been given Great possessions, could make a
gift that could live up to royal and imperial standards, whereas a common person would have to
become a beggar by paying the price to such a gift. Each person should give to the community and
country according to his means and abilities (which will be difficult enough to determine).
JLK: If this is the only active line, the the hexagram changes into hex. 38, the Opposition Estranging
(the Alienation), where line 3 indicates it is good to stop, or if one is in the middle of reaching a goal
there will be humiliation but one will reach the end of things, and there will be a good end.
General comment
"The prince" symbolizes a man of superior talents, experience and ability. Furthermore, this person is
presented as being in the right position to render service to his lord. An ordinary man is insufficiently
qualified to do this.
~ Profile
These individuals will fare best when their service includes service to mankind in addition to the
personal fealty depicted. Any attempts at taking over leadership could be disastrous.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will act impartially, and he will be virtuous and talented,
possessing wide experience. He will not be egotistic. This person's advice will be sought and
followed, even in matters affecting the nation.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may falter, and begin to work with selfish motives. This could
be disastrous. He will find it hard to establish anything of lasting benefit.
Superior persons know intuitively how to be successful.
Do not indulge in pretense or in airs. Superior persons may proceed, if they are careful.

4
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) managing Great possessions (Great
opulence) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones
emotions).
Managing Great possessions (Great opulence) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
(and/or required) in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the
negotiator, the confidant, the one who is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or reliability).
In (when, for) managing Great possessions (Great opulence), the superior one is (was, might,
will, or should be) guided by what is (was, might, will, or should be) obviously clear (bright,
shining, warming), while avoiding unnecessary draining (exhaustion, consumption) of energy,
and/or wealth (resources, joy).
To be very discriminating, making a difference (a distinction) between oneself and ones

neighbor (or "the other"). No error; No blame.
One is (was, will, might, or should be) clear, distinguishing one thing from the other, with
intelligence.
It is (was, might, or will be) not ones (his, hers, or the other's) appropriate position (occasion,
and/or time) to be strong (Great, preponderant, or dominating) in a way that is explicit
(outspoken, clear to all): no mistake (no error);
JLK: Even though one is (was, might, or will be) having the capacity to hold it (and/or to
contend for it).
The superior one knows when others can't value (appreciate, reward, bear with, and/or
tolerate) what is Great (superior, strong, creative), and/or he knows when certain things offer
no (reasonable, fair) reward.
Therefore, one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) not spending ons strength (resources,
wealth) on what is (too) small (inferior, weak, evil), and/or in ways that are (too) small.
This way one is (was, might, will, or should be) managing (ones own) Great possessions
(and/or way of possessing), while allowing for accumulation.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) keeping ones Great resources under
restraint.
This will be indicating the avoidance of an error. Adequately; In time.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like not managing any Great possessions
at all, or as being at the "other" side;
There is (was, might, will, or should be) no pride allowed, nor involved.
No mistake; No error; No blame."
JLK: In a general way, for those who are superior (strong, right, loving) this line suggests one should
save (preserve, restrain) ones strength, and/or not spend it on things (and/or in ways) that are inferior
(weak, evil). At the same time, one must avoid "showing off" ones superior qualities (ones strength,
creativity, rightness). The time is not right for a "demonstration of strength" by the one (or that which
is) at the center of the matter at hand.
While the other is not strong, one has to keep ones own resources (i.e. ones strength, talents, and/or
riches) under restraint. This is what will avoid an error.
It may also mean that one has to take into account that the other(s) is (are) not as strong (Great,
talented, capable, and/or rich) as oneself, or as strong as one would hope for, but that one has to
work with this as if not managing (working for, on, or with) anything of great value or importance, i.e.

without pride, pretentiousness, arrogance and/or attachment.
Typically, this line may point to a situation where ones Great resources (material or spiritual wealth
and/or talents) are (were, might, or will be) restrained (limited) as a consequence of dealing with
others who are not as strong or capable (talented, strong, creative, active, rich in resources), and/or
due to circumstances (and/or conditions) that are leading to such restriction (limitation) on the
Greatness (goodness, and/or love) that one could offer (to others and/or oneself). If such limitations
occur, this line then may suggest not to attach oneself to what is at the center of the matter at hand,
and to carefully assess what distinguishes one(self) from the other(s), and what matters most to one
(-self) under the circumstances.
This line is the 2nd line of the upper inner trigram, the ocean. The 4th line of hex. 58, the Oceans (the
Exchange, the Joy and Sadness), shows someone who is thinking about what might bring delight (joy,
pleasure). The advice is not to look for gratification at the exterior (from others), but within.
Gathered sources: Here, one makes a difference between oneself (or the subject at the center of the
matter at hand) and the other(s). A distinction must be made between what should apply for each.
"Not his (hers, or the other's) to be strong" points to the fact that it is not everybody's destiny to be
strong or dominating. Not everyone needs to be a ruler. Here, it means that one distinguishes oneself
from the other(s) by being strong in a way that is non-demonstrative, and remaining that way. One
remains strong by not contending (claiming) rulership at every occasion.
Thus, while some people seek responsibility and position of some stature, there are others who do
not need to be powerful in such a manner. Not everyone is meant to be a King, duke or prince, or to
be such at every occasion. Conversely, not everyone is meant to be a servant, or be limited by
mundane circumstances.
The Chinese ideogram used in this text, associated with "strong" and "preponderant" (dominating),
shows the beating of a drum, i.e. an overbearing sound. Thus, the idea (and advice) is not to be
overbearing or overly stimulating (compelling, and/or forceful) like the sound or beat of a (loud) drum.
The text "not his (hers, or the other's) to be strong" when associated with "keeping ones Great
resources under restraint", may indicate that under the occurring circumstances, one should not
waste ones strength on matters that are not of major importance, even if they'd require little strength
and even if others (the competition, or antagonists) are not (as) strong. To be strong and remain so
means one should use ones strength wisely at all times, and not use it at every occasion.
This line also indicates a situation where (what occurs is like) one (who) is confronted with Great or
powerful individuals (or "forces"). This means there is danger. It is best, when acting in such
circumstances, to neither "look" to the right nor to the left, nor to be jealous or envious, nor to try to
compete with, or to be challenging the others. This way one will not make mistakes.
The same is expressed in the notion that says: "Who wants to keep the life, shall loose it; Whereas
who will not be afraid to die, will end up living". To which one should add the notion that the key to
success is to value ones life and the "great possessions" (however small they may seem) one already
has.
Likewise, one avoids difficulties and the occurrence of mistakes (errors) at best by owing as if one
owes no possessions ("nothing") at all, while still finding value in all, and keeping ones Great
resources (advantageous capacities, talents, or potential) under restraint as well as balanced.
~ Profile
Persons with this line have an intuitive insight into nearly every situation.

The fourth line is the topmost position of man. Here it is strong, the lowest line of the upper trigram Li
(the fire, illumination, clarity), and next to the ruler of the hexagram, line 5. Lines 4 and 5 are of such a
nature that they work together favorably, hence these persons know their work well, yet are cautious
and guard against mistakes. Such persons can, and should be, in a position of leadership, both in
spiritual and material matters.
Regrettably, as a strong line is in a weak place, these persons will have a tendency towards ideal
solutions which are not always practical in this material world, or a tendency to use their unusual
capabilities for selfish purposes.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He should be exceedingly careful at the beginning of any
enterprise to be sure that the seeds are rightly sown and properly nurtured. He will exercise capable
supervision, so that the results are always propitious.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may be greedy regarding small things, expressing some
jealousy, and thereby cause trouble. He will have difficulty in achieving his goals and managing his
household successfully.
Analyze and discriminate constantly.
Great discriminative powers are evident. Use them realistically.
opulence) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions,
nourishment).

advantage.
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) one whose truth is accessible; Intersecting.
By ones kindworthiness and accessibility (to it) one is (was, might, will, or should be) shaping
the will of the others.
The good fortune of ones dignity is (was, might, will, or should be) coming from the fact that
one acts easily, without prearrangement (oneself), being accessible.
One who is truthful with minimal and modest means, will be remaining dignified, and certainly
obtain good fortune."
JLK: This is a yin (weak) line in a strong place. It represents the openness (receptiveness) that results
in the accessibility mentioned in the text, which here, if paired with kindness and ease of action,
acting in a dignified (worthy) way, and with good intentions (and/or appropriate neutrality), will let one
(what occurs) shape (inspire, stimulate) the will of others (and/or oneself), and thus obtain good

fortune.
However, as is so often the case with the images of the Yi Jing, conversely this line may indicate the
reverse (or absence) of what is mentioned. One has to determine if the one (those, or that which is) at
the center of the matter at hand is (are) actually showing kindworthiness and ("intersecting", i.e. ad
hoc) accessibility (to them, or to it), as well as good intentions (or fair neutrality), or on the contrary, a
lack of it. This may be or become central to how things are (were, might, will, or should be)
developing.
Kindworthiness and accessibility being at the center of the matter at hand, if they are not present in,
or shown by, the one (those, or that which is) occurring here, one (and/or they, it) will forego the good
fortune that could have been been obtained easily.
If this is the only strong line occurring for ones reading, this hexagram changes into hex. 1, the Light
(the Creative), which shows "sympathetic vibration" that has to be occurring in a dynamic ("inspiring")
environment in order to lead to results. If one (or what occurs) is not in a dynamic ("inspiring",
responsive) environment, then the sympathetic vibration can not occur, and there will be no results.
If there is another strong line, then this is enough to guarantee such a dynamic context, and the good
fortune attached to this line will occur, although its degree will depend on the resulting hexagram.
Gathered sources: A gathering of possessions can lead to good fortune.
The fifth line indicates a crossroads, an opening, where Great wealth can be intermingled in
confidence between various parties.
The situation is (was, might, or will be) very favorable. People (the crowds, the others) are being won,
not by coercion (forcefully), but by unaffected (spontaneous) sincerity, so that they are attached to us
in sincerity and truth.
However, benevolence (mildness, or lack of visible force) alone is not sufficient during the time of the
constellation of this hexagram, "the Managing of Great Possessions". This is because opportunity
could be given to those who are insolent, and vulgar. Insolence and vulgarity must be kept in bounds
by dignity (inner strength), then good fortune is assured.
General comment
Leaders and rulers possessing sincerity, clarity and truth, who rule majestically and set a good
example to others, will experience good fortune.
~ Profile
These persons have found the right way, or Dao, in both the spiritual and material realms. They will
be cultured, well-mannered, intelligent, wise and discerning rulers, whom others respect and try to
emulate. This will result in much good for all.
Since this is a weak line in a strong position, not all these persons will be successful, even though
they will attempt to do that which is right.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be kind, magnanimous and just in leadership, rewarding
others graciously and freely. He will lead with dignity and virtue, and will attain fame. He will be
respected and honored, and will communicate well with others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be disastrously unsuccessful, owing to his inner self

being inadequately developed, and not as clear as it ought to be. He will reward graciously, but will be
defamed and insulted in return. He will do good for others, but will receive complaints in return.
Kingly leadership is productive.
You are highly trusted and respected. Continue this quality of leadership.
opulence) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) blessed by Heaven!

The place at the top of the Managing of Great Possessions has good fortune.
This is because it is blessed by Heaven.
Good fortune. Without doubt advantageous."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) protected by the blessing influence of Heaven (what
is Great, strong, loving).
With the assistance of Heaven (of what is light, creative, male, flexible, unfaltering, right, and loving)
how can there not be Great fortune!
Within the fullness of possessions, and of having power, one stays modest, and honors who is wise,
and who stays out of (negatively being impacted by) worldly affairs ("negative stress" and turmoil).
This puts one under the blessed influence of Heaven, and everything will go well.
The protection from Heaven is what one calls the blessings. To bless, means to help. He who lives in
truth, who is dedicated in his thoughts, who knows how to be moderate and how to restrain, how to
give and how to receive, and knows how to honor those who have been worthy, will be blessed by
Heaven. He will find fortune, and there is nothing, that will not be advantageous.
Special attention should be paid to the situation as described by the 6th line of hex. 43, "the
Breakthrough Escaping", where things are moving into a situation where "one will be as with no
helper on whom to call (or who could call out in help)". The present protection is (was, might, or will
be) occurring in connection to this.
Confucius says of this line: To bless means to help. Heaven helps the man who is devoted. Men help
the man who is true. He who walks in truth and is devoted in his thinking, and furthermore reveres the
worthy, is blessed by Heaven. He has good fortune, and there is nothing that would not further.

General comment
The height of clarity, supported by Heaven, is depicted here.
~ Profile
These persons will have the same fine attributes as those described by line 5, but they will be even
more highly favored, supported and blessed by Heaven. These persons will sincerely walk in truth,
and will be the devoted stewards of both material and spiritual possessions. They will be a blessing to
others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be valiant, devoted, reliable and modest. His virtue and
talents will be in accordance with the will of Heaven, which he will intuitively carry out throughout a
long, beneficial and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a man of virtue, and blessed, but not to such a
high degree as the most auspicious.
Great clarity is blessed by Heaven.
You are blessed by Heaven. Be a worthy steward of matters put in your care.

Hexagram 15, Hidden Richness (the Modesty, Hidden Qualities)
- Qian (Chi'en)
The theme of this hexagram is that of great richness hiding (residing) under a discrete surface. Like
gold hiding unnoticed in the earth, or like someone’s great qualities hiding behind a modest attitude.
The Image says:
"hidden richness; hidden qualities; the modesty; the moderation; the moderating modesty;
the humbleness; hiding the goods; the hiding and moderating (of) richness;
the hidden and protected richness; the hidden toughness (or resistance);
the richness restrained, darkened, or (made to look) small (dark, unclear):
The mountain inside the earth.

Invisible splendor!
Untouchable and thus imperishable wealth and resistance!
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) learning about the ways richness
(hidden qualities, wealth, resources, and/or resistance) is (was, might, will, or should be) (are,
were) hiding, as well as the ways it (they) can be known (recognized, acknowledged, found).
Richness can hide (and/or be found) in what looks modest (small, weak, inferior).
The Great Man will diminish what is in excess and add (to) what is missing, carefully bringing
about an equality in his treatment of himself and others, moderating and balancing things
according to the time and the circumstances, recognizing richness there where it lies hidden,
and hiding richness when the circumstances demand this (when things are too dark, too small
or too evil)."
JLK: Hex. 15, Hidden Richness (the Modesty, Hidden Qualities), shows the image of a mountain (the
immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) hiding inside (and/or
below) the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). This results in the idea of
hidden and/or invisible "splendor" (riches, what is accumulated and "grown tough", solid). The fact
that such richness is hidden yet available, shows that what looks modest can still hold invaluable
qualities.
Hidden riches (or hidden qualities) of such an appropriate nature, will (or should) be occurring in (or
be closely related to) a context of liberation (loosening), as described by inner hex. 40, the Liberation
(the Freedom, to Loosen), or will (or should) lead to it.
Gathered sources: The earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) beholds the
mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information): a stack of
things added up through a period of time or rest. The mountain is a part of the earth, inside the earth,
eroded by the water, i.e. the danger, the life, the incalculable.
Modesty, and humbleness exist in the fact that what has taken a long time and a lot of work, looks
natural and easy. This way, things are kept moderate, balanced, under control, and peaceful.
Likewise, when the superior one establishes order in the world he equalizes the extremes that are the

source of social discontent and thereby creates just and equable conditions.
This hexagram is made up of the trigrams Gen, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is
stacked up and grown tough, information), and Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak,
open, female, dark). The mountain is the youngest son of the Creative, the representative of Heaven
on earth. It dispenses the blessings of Heaven, the clouds and rain that gather round its summit, and
thereafter shines forth radiant with Heavenly light. This shows what modesty is and how it functions in
great and strong men. Kun, the earth, stands above. Lowliness is a quality of the earth: this is the
very reason why it appears in this hexagram as exalted, by being placed above the mountain. This
shows how modesty functions in lowly, simple people: they are lifted up by it.
JLK: Still, if one is too modest, one can never harvest anything of significant value. But if one is not
modest enough, one can never recognize (or receive) anything of significant value, and can't harvest
either.
There is a (right) time for everything. Accepting this is a sign of modesty, and contains (bears) hidden
richness.
The Judgment says:
"Hidden richness, hidden qualities, modesty, moderation, moderating modesty, humbleness,

hiding the goods, hiding and moderating richness, hidden and protected richness, hidden
toughness (or resistance), richness restrained, darkened, or made to look small (dark,
unclear):
These are the circumstances that will indicate and create progress and success.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) hiding (containing, restraining, and/or
moderating) his richness (and/or experiencing of wealth, resources);
This means true richness (and/or experiencing of wealth, resources) is (being, and/or
occurring) hidden (contained, restrained, and/or kept moderate).
Avoid complication, look for simplicity, this brings freedom of action.

By being humble (contained, and/or moderate), one will have a good issue to (all) ones
undertakings.
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) having results, successfully carrying
matters through to completion; He knows that he can not live by his own powers only."
Gathered sources: It is the law of Heaven to make fullness empty and to make full what is modest.
When the sun is at its zenith (its highest, most prominent position in the sky), it must, according to the
law of Heaven, turn toward its setting, and at its nadir (deepest, most unnoticeable) it rises toward a
new dawn. In obedience to the same law, the moon when it is full begins to wane, and when empty of
light it waxes again.
This Heavenly law works itself out in the fates of men also. It is the law of earth to alter the full and to
contribute to the modest. High mountains are worn down by the waters, and the valleys are filled up.
It is the law of fate to undermine what is full and to prosper the modest. Consequently, men also hate
fullness and love the modest.
The destinies of men are subject to immutable laws that must fulfill themselves. But man has the
power to shape his fate, having the choice to behave in a way that exposes him to the influence of
benevolent or of destructive forces. When a man holds a high position and is nevertheless modest,
he shines with the light of wisdom. If he is in a lowly position and is modest, he cannot be passed by.
Thus the superior one can carry out his work to the end without boasting of what he has achieved.

There is hidden richness in what occurs as small and receptive (at a higher level). The superior
person knows that one can not live by ones own powers only, and is learning how to associate.
Therefore, one is learning, has to learn, and/or is giving the example of how to get rid of what is in
excess, as to allow for new possibilities, growth, and freedom.
~ Profile
Humility, modesty, and impartial justice are the dominant characteristics of individuals (and/or
anything) born (appearing) in the constellation (circumstances) of this hexagram.
The hexagram is made up of the youngest son, symbolized by Gen, the mountain (the immobile, what
is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information), the representative of Heaven on earth
(the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). The wealth of the mountain is hidden, yet it
is there to be taken and used at the right time. Also soil from the mountain is used to fill up the low
places on the earth.
Persons with these qualities are found in all walks of life. They not only strive to reduce fullness and
to develop the modest, but they carry out the will of Heaven, which likewise favors modesty.
That is why the Chinese regard this characteristic so highly. It is also why people everywhere love the
modest, hating pride and boastfulness. With modesty as a handle, a man can face any difficulty with
confidence.
Those born in the ninth month [October - November] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) hidden richness (hidden qualities,
modesty, moderation, humbleness, restrained richness) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the
beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or in the way of (and/or when)
moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) adding modesty to modesty.
Even the Great stream may be crossed with this.
JLK: There is (was, might, will, or should be) hidden richness (and/or modesty) at (under, and/or
below) ones feet (when young, in the earliness, and/or at the beginning), and/or in the way one is
moving forwards, and/or when starting something (concerning the matter at hand).
Depending on the context, this line may hold the message that one is quite literally standing on
ground (soil, or the floor of a house) that represents richness, and/or that ones feet (and/or the way of
moving) are beholding "richness", even if not noticed (being hidden).
Additionally and/or alternatively, this line may advice to move (advance) in a way that is paired with
modesty (hidden richness, and/or the hiding of richness), so that there is enough possibility for things
to be (or become) "rich" (successful, accomplished).
Conversely, this line may warn against moving in ways that are not associated with finding, and/or
preserving "hidden richness" and/or modesty, when moving or at the beginning of an endeavor

(and/or things).
Gathered sources: The superior one adding modesty to modesty, is one who nourishes his virtue in
lowliness (earth like, in smallness, receptiveness, weakness, or openness - the reason that evil is not
mentioned in this case is because it is not a virtue while the others can be).
A dangerous enterprise, such as the crossing of a Great stream, is made much more difficult if many
claims and considerations have to be taken into account. On the other hand, the task is easy if it is
attended to quickly and simply. Therefore the unassuming attitude of mind that goes with modesty fits
a man to accomplish even difficult undertakings: he imposes no demands or stipulations but settles
matters easily and quickly. Where no claims are put forward, no resistances arise.
~ Profile
Self-disciplined persons readily exemplify modesty as a dominant characteristic. Line 1 represents

the beginnings of modesty. Therefore, these persons would do well to add humility to modesty in their
early progress. If they do so, they will be able to commence any enterprise, no matter how
dangerous, and be certain of good fortune. They should remember, however, that good fortune
frequently comes in a manner which at first seems strange.
Regrettably, line 1 is a weak line in a strong place. This indicates that not all will be successful in the
matter of appropriate self-discipline.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be modest and moral in behavior. He will be gentle in
relations with others, and reverent to the divine will. He will be trusted by his juniors and seniors alike.
He is able to change dangerous situations into safe circumstances, and is likely to be in government
or another high position of authority.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He could be lazy. If so, his attempts to advance will end
in retreat. He may also be dull and stupid, and content to remain in a low position.
Self-discipline is always necessary.
Greater modesty can be achieved through self-discipline. If this is done, one can commence any
enterprise or journey.

2
modesty, moderation, humbleness, restrained richness) (as) in (at, for) the calves (ones
impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Hidden richness (hidden qualities, modesty, moderation, humbleness, restrained richness) is

will be advantage.
Hidden richness (and/or modesty) is (was, might, will, or should be) making itself recognized.
With firm correctness there will be good fortune."
Gathered sources: The good fortune occurs as a consequence of one having the virtue in the core of
ones heart, and thanks to being firm and correct, having ones modesty recognized by itself.
When a man's attitude of mind is so modest that this expresses itself in his outward behavior, it is a
source of good fortune to him. For the possibility of exerting a lasting influence arises of itself, and no
one can interfere.
JLK: Here, the hidden richness (and/or modesty) is (was, might, will, or should be) manifested in the
way things are managed regionally (and/or intermediately).
This is the 2nd line of the hexagram, which symbolizes the officer, official, and/or (local, regional)
chief. The hidden richness (and/or modesty) occurring here, is (was, might, will, or should be)
manifested related to these, and/or their way of doing things.
~ Profile
Modesty is such an innate part of these individuals that others readily perceive it. This then is their
inner influence, the strength of which is such that lasting benefits will be derived therefrom.
Those born with this controlling line may be found in nearly any walk of life. It is more than likely that
they will engage in a full or part-time activity of service to others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will win fame and honors through his talents, virtue, and his
unselfish and honest thoughts and efforts. He is likely to be in a position where the guidance of others
is involved.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be recognized for his ability, and will give assistance
to others. He will have a good life.
Exercise righteous persistence in whatever you do.

Great responsibilities can be laid on those who are modest and humble. Carry matters through
correctly, and good fortune will ensue.
modesty, moderation, humbleness, restrained richness) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the
back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or
One who (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) of acknowledged merit.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) laborious and productive, and still modest
(rich in resources, talents, and/or virtues, that are hidding in him);
His works bear fruit.
One will maintain ones success unto the end, and have good fortune; Success!"
Gathered sources: The comment to this line describes a superior person (or occurrence) of
acknowledged merit, yet humble: the myriads of people (the multitude) will submit to him (or it).
People will moderate, give in, and submit as by themselves.
The fact that the superior one's works bear fruits, implies that while modest and full of merit, he
carries things to conclusion.
This yang line occurs at the center of the lower inner trigram, the water (liveliness, difficulties, the
danger, the incalculable, the memory). Here, the idea is that its influence is moderated, or that its
force is giving in, in some way or to some extent.
This is the center of the hexagram, where its secret is disclosed. The occurrence of this line may thus
(also) refer to the actual disclosure of a secret, or point to an insight concerning forces that are at
work but that are normally unseen or unknown.
In the original Chinese text, the pictogram that is used for "labor" is "lao". It shows labor by the light of
a lamp, done discreetly, even secretly. On the other hand, it can indicate perseverance, as when
working late into the night.
A distinguished name is readily earned by great achievements. If a man allows himself to be dazzled
by fame, he will soon be criticized, and difficulties will arise. If, on the contrary, he remains modest
despite its merit, he makes himself beloved and wins the support necessary for carrying his work
through to the end.
See also Ta Chuan, section I, chapter VIII, par 8:
"A superior one toiling laboriously and yet humble! One will bring things to an end, and with good
fortune".
The master said, on this: One toils with success, but does not boast of it. One achieves merit, but

takes no virtue to oneself from it. This is the height of generous goodness, and speaks of the one
who, with great merit, yet places himself below others. One wishes ones virtue to be more and more
complete, and ones intercourse with others to be more and more respectful. Someone who is this
humble, carrying his respectfulness to the utmost, will be able to preserve himself in his position.
JLK: Alternatively, the occurrence of this line may indicate that one should ask the question and/or
determine if the one who is (or that which is) at the center of the matter at hand is indeed showing
"acknowledged merit", and is "being productive" yet still remaining "modest". If this is the case, then
there will be success. If not, there can be no guarantee of success.
Since this is the 3rd line of this hexagram, one has to address potential problems related to the ego, a
period of transition (change), and/or practical know-how.
This is the top line of the lower trigram, the mountain. The 3rd line of hex. 52, the Mountain (the
Immobile, the Stillness) shows how it is (was, might, or will be) necessary to be "supple in the hips"
(to "loosen up", to avoid being stiff in the backbone). It indicates one might have to avoid stiffness in
ones ideas (basic moral principles). One can not restrain all by (ones) will-power only (and/or alone).
The third line of inner hex. 40, the Liberation (the Freedom, to Loosen), shows how the one (or that
which is) at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, or will be) (as) moving (traveling) "riding a
carriage, while nonetheless (occupying oneself with) carrying a burden on ones back (oneself)". One
thing is done appropriately (efficiently, smoothly), another thing is done in a totally inappropriate way.
One should not attempt to please all, as this attracts "robbers" (and/or evil).
Therefore, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) anticipating this, and making sure his
ways are coherent with himself and all he is (was, might, will, or should be) interacting with.
One may have to ask the question if the one at the center of the matter at hand is (acting in ways that
are) too modest, which may result in him taking on burdens he should not be carrying, as it will cost
freedom and limit his merits unduly.
In general, if what occurs is associated with liberation of such a burden, while improving what is good,
then this is of "acknowledged merit" (eminent), and will bring fortune.
~ Profile
These persons will be superior, full of virtue, and richly endowed with noble traits. They will make
good leaders, excellent examples for others to follow, and will carry matters through to conclusion.
This will be easy for them since their character is of a high and noble order, as well as being of a
nature which automatically attracts others, and is reflected in all that they do. They will never begin
anything they do not intend to finish, and they will finish everything they begin. They will be intuitive
and beneficial leaders of others, and will be sought after by many.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be able to assume great responsibility and able to
establish or control a successful organization. He will have a deep sense of honor and justice, which
he will exemplify at all times. He may be very good at writing, especially in dealing with worthy
subjects in article or book form.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a noble person, but only known and respected
locally. He will be of help to others, without seeking anything in return.
Modesty must be carried through to the end.

Carry everything you begin through to completion. You will be honored and respected.
modesty, moderation, humbleness, restrained richness) (as) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones
body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
Hidden richness (hidden qualities, modesty, moderation, humbleness, restrained richness) is

It is (was, might, will, or should be) advantageous to cultivate hiding ones richness and/or
expressing modesty.
Not refusing the harvesting (acquiring, gaining): this is (was, might, or will be) demonstrating
modesty."
Gathered sources: Modesty, like everything else, should be cultivated and expressed in accordance
with the golden mean, i.e. nothing should be done to excess. This implies a strong nature, and one
who knows both what is right and the right time to act.
Here, it is the fact that one is not refusing to be harvesting (acquiring, gaining) that demonstrates
ones modesty, i.e. by living in accordance with the golden mean.
The idea of "not refusing the harvesting" suggests that one (or what occurs) is in a state between not
harvesting and actually harvesting, either moving towards actual harvesting or being bestowed gains
that are like when harvesting. The modesty is expressed in the fact that one is neither actively
pursuing gains nor acting against the circumstances (moving in ways that are detrimental, i.e. not
harvesting), but submitting ones will to act in accordance with these.
Thus, one is (was, might, will, or should be) as retiring (reserved, and/or moderate in ones actions)
and modest. This translates into the advice that there will be success if one acts properly and without
fuss.
~ Profile
These persons will have the patience to wait, and the strength to retreat if necessary, and know how
to act when the time is right, without impulsiveness, and bringing matters to the fore, often in the face
of possible adverse opinions or reactions. These persons will be wise, practical, full of common
sense, confident and courageous.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have great talent and virtue, and will be respected by the
high and the low alike. He will be honest and sincere, and will promote matters of benefit to the
community. He may become highly respected and rich.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be an upright person, and will associate with, and be
close to, good, intelligent and capable people. He will exert considerable influence in his circle.

The cultivation of modesty is endless.
You will be supported by your leader in your activities, and you will be successful.
modesty, moderation, humbleness, restrained richness) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the
throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in) the way things
are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus), and/or
through (in) the way one is nourishing (and/or taking nourishment).

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not boasting of (ones) wealth (resources)
(as when) in front of ones neighbor.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) tending to be moderate about (is moderate, and/or is
sharing) ones richness, in view of (and/or considering) ones neighbor(s).
Thus, although one is (was, might, or will be) not wealthy (resourceful), one is (or should be)
able to employ ones neighbor(s) (those nearby, and/or that which surrounds one, or that is
easily available).
JLK: The superior one finds the solutions (answers, feedback) within his immediate
environment (amongst his neighbors). He is (was, might, will, or should be) not complicating
matter unnecessarily (more than needs be addressed immediately).
It is (was, might, or will be) not useful to be complicating matter unnecessarily.

One need not be trying to look for solutions beyond ones immediate reach (capacity to attain).
If one were to attack the rebels (the undisciplined, or opposing) now, with this in mind, this
will increase to ones chances of success.
Everything contributes to success, even attacking with force (if necessary, or useful)
All ones movements will be advantageous. There can not be no profit."
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not boasting of (ones) wealth: one must
concentrate on the essence of things, not on outward show that could be superficial and risky. It may
mean that one is (was, might, will, or should be) not arrogant (nor authoritarian).
Being able to use (and/or accept the help of) ones neighbors (and/or that which surrounds one, or
that is easily available), is also a form of wealth (a form of "hidden" riches).
Alternatively, this line may warn that such help and/or wealth is missing, not available, lacking (not up
to par), and/or limited, i.e. "modest".
Conversely, it may be that contrary to the advice of the line's text, one has been boasting (or boastful)

of ones wealth "in front of ones neighbor", which then provokes an attack in some form, in some way.
Either way, things (may) lead to having to attack the "rebels", i.e. to some form of dispute. But if things
are kept "modest", this should bring success.
Gathered sources: To be modest does not mean one is or should be weak, or merely a good nature
that lets things take their own course.
Here, one should be prepared to act (to manifest oneself, or make a statement) when it's necessary
or advantageous. But this should occur without boastfulness and/or bravado.
An attack, or use of arms (or particular means) as depicted here, is (was, might, or will be) correct,
anticipating and responsible, if the goal of it consists of correcting and moderating (or shaping) those
who do not (or that which does not) submit, or will not be applying to, or giving in to wholesome and
righteous discipline, moral and law.
When a man holds a responsible position, he must at times resort to energetic measures. In doing so
he must not try to make an impression by boasting of his superiority but must make certain of the
people around him. The measures taken should be purely objective and in no way personally
offensive. Thus modesty manifests itself even in severity or firm action.
~ Profile
Noble, kingly rulers and leaders are symbolized. These persons are wise and intelligent, and have
great understanding of the psychology of human nature. They respect their neighbors and treat them
as equals. They use modesty as their tool, rather than rules, regulations and precepts, which control
through punishment and fear. They are strong, and know when to use their strength advantageously
for the assertion and (re)establishment of justice, with the use of force only when necessary.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a leader who naturally attracts other leaders and men
of quality and ability. He will automatically move people favorably, and his wishes will be carried out
readily. He will be a man of virtue and nobility, achieving much honor and merit.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will establish fame as a pioneer, perhaps in a military
career or in the field of literature. He will help to overcome evil wherever he is, in many ways.
Kingly modesty attracts.
Remain quiet, or take such actions as may be appropriate, but make clear decisions with the right
motives.

6
modesty, moderation, humbleness, restrained richness) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader,
the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
Hidden richness (and/or modesty) that speaks for itself.
What occurs is like when a crow produces a moderate (and/or "moderating", tempering)
sound. The modesty, and moderation, is shown and recognized
It is time to move the armies, to apply discipline, and to invade, subdue and conquer cities and
countries.
There will be advantage to set "ones army" in motion to subdue (conquer, or punish) ones
own town(s) and state."
Gathered sources: Here, the modesty that is (was, might, will, or should be) shown speaks "for itself".
Ones modesty has made itself recognized, but all ones goals and aims have not yet been attained or
reached. One may employ the force of arms (tools, or methods), but "only in correcting ones own
town(s) and state".
It is good to do this (at the time the crow is producing a high sound, for instance at sunrise), as to
fulfill the will of the ruler (here, the "ruler" stands for common interest, so here, it is said that it is good
to apply, follow and fulfill existing plans, as far as they are good and righteous to the common interest,
and/or Heaven's "heritage").
One is invading and/or conquering "ones (own) town(s), cities, and ones state (country)...", meaning,
one invades in a general way, as invading what is (already) at ones disposal.
An underlying issue that may occur here is that of acting according to ones beliefs. Under the
occurring circumstances, if one is at odds with those who are in power (the ruler, the governing), then
it's appropriate to vigorously proceed to set things right as one sees fit.
JLK: Alternatively, under the occurring circumstances, this line may indicate that only modest results
are (were, might, will, or should be) obtained. Yet this is still better than having no results at all.
General comment
As in hex. 13, where universal brotherhood has not yet been attained by line 6, here universal
modesty has not yet been attained. The injunction given is to begin with oneself (or that which is at
ones disposal), and discipline every part of one's inner being, in order to establish modesty as a virtue
of one's wholeness. When this has been achieved, it will be reflected externally and will be emulated
by others, and be a blessing to all who one comes in contact with.
~ Profile
These persons will have much modesty innately, but will need to be diligent and cautious in their
careers, to be sure that quality is improved and quantity is used judiciously.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be courageous and will carry out Dao (divine will). He will
be ever diligent to improve his modesty and will express it in his leadership. He may have a career in
the Diplomatic Departments, the military, or some peace-keeping agency.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be able to maintain his household in good order and
condition on a modest scale, and at the same time exercise modest influence.
Complete your self-development.
You must exercise self-discipline for the fulfillment of the modesty required today.

Hexagram 16, the Enthusiasm (the Strategy, What Is Arranged In Advance)
- Yu (Yü)
The theme of this hexagram is enthusiasm which stimulates people's action. Accordingly, it's also
about the underlying strategy that can bring such enthusiasm.
The Image says:
"the enthusiasm; the strategy; to give in to what is arranged in advance;

giving in (yielding) to what is leading (ruling, guiding, influencing);
the fulfillment of a strategy:
The thunder above the earth.

The thunder roars out of the earth.
The earth releases the thunder: the earth releases what had been preparing for a while, which
occurs as when the thunder is impacting: with a shock, sudden, arousing.
This is the image of enthusiasm, the sound made by movement, by events.
If something dark, bad or receptive was preparing, it is now released.

If something light, good or creative has been preparing, something of that nature will now be
enjoyed.
To pass an elephant from hand to hand;

Contemplate "sixteen men" (at work), and/or what are (as) the "strategic options".
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) studying what is (was, might, will, or
should be) possible, what isn't (for, and/or with all beings, and/or things), and what each and
everyone, and/or everything contains (offers) as possibilities (options).
The Great Man will know what is possible, it be in what is good (righteous), or what is bad
(evil), and what is required for these.
Based on the knowledge he has, he will design a strategy (a way of doing things, and/or a
good foundation for things) that will have reliable results."
JLK: Hex. 16, the Enthusiasm (the Strategy, What Is Arranged In Advance), shows the image of the
thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) roaring high above the earth (the receptive,
passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). The earth seems to release the thunder, yet in reality what
is seen (of the release of thunder) is the result of interaction (between extreme polarities).
Any enthusiasm (strategy, or arrangement) sooner or later will (or should) be confronted by (or be
closely related to) a context of obstruction and/or opposition, as described by inner hex. 39, the
Obstacle (the Obstruction, the Opponent).
Gathered sources: Thus the old Kings lived, created, composed and enjoyed artfully, making their
music, to honor virtue and those who were worthy, and to harmonize what be Universal. They
celebrated this way, in devotion and close to the all-powerful God, inviting their ancestors at the
ceremony.

The superior one celebrates in devotion to the all-powerful and Ultimate, by the way (means) of (or as
when making) music (expressing himself in a cultivated way, carefully designed). This means he
considers and celebrates the (creation of the) sound (and feel) of enthusiasm, and the strategy that
organizes it, and if this will be to the benefit of those worthy of it.
JLK: He will make certain to have multiple ways (options, and/or strategies) to do things, and/or to
use many (beings) to resolve things. He will make certain to protect his living space (and/or his way of
life) in more than one way (by more than one method), so that he is securely (but always relatively
well) protected, and able to give in with enthusiasm to what is occurring (and of his choice). Likewise,
he will make certain (or come to notice) that where he moves there will be double (multiple)
protection.
Gathered sources: The attributes of the original ancient Chinese ideogram for Yu are "easy
movement", "joy" and "pleasure". Its secondary meanings are "beforehand", "to prearrange", while the
ideogram shows "xiang", "an elephant", "an image" coupled with the phonetic "yu", which means "to
pass from hand to hand".
Thus, Yu indicates the pleasure and/or "ease of movement" that can be attained by applying an
appropriate strategy that may involve several people. The better the strategy, the greater the
enthusiasm of those involved.
The strong yang line in the fourth place, that of the leading official, meets with response and
obedience from all the other lines, which are all weak. The attribute of the upper trigram Zhen (the
thunder, the shock, the arousing) is movement. The attributes of the lower trigram Kun (the earth, the
receptive, passive) are obedience and devotion. This begins a movement that meets with devotion
and therefore inspires enthusiasm, carrying all with it.
Of great importance, furthermore, is the law of movement along the line of least resistance, which in
this hexagram is enunciated as the law for natural events and for human life.
When at the beginning of summer, thunder - electrical explosive energy - comes rushing forth from
the earth again, and the first thunderstorm refreshes nature, a prolonged state of tension is resolved.
Joy and relief make themselves felt.
The sound of thunder thus accompanies the movements of reawakening life. Its sound is the
prototype of music.
Also, Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), is the trigram in which God
comes forth, giving the idea of the Supreme Deity and/or Creator.
The lower nuclear trigram Gen, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and
grown tough, information), represents a door. And the upper nuclear trigram Kan, the water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), represents something highly
mysterious. All this leads to the idea of the temple of the ancestors (those who came before, and/or
that which precedes).
Like the thunder reawakening nature, music has the power to ease tension within the heart and to
loosen the grip of obscure emotions. The enthusiasm of the heart expresses itself involuntarily in a
burst of song, in dance and rhythmic movement of the body.
From immemorial times the inspiring effect of the invisible sound that moves all hearts and draws
them together, has mystified mankind.
Rulers have made natural use of this natural taste of music. They elevated and regulated it. Music
was generally looked upon as something serious and holy, designed to purify the feelings of men. It
fell to music to glorify the virtues of heroes and thus to construct a bridge to the world of the unseen.

In the temple men drew near to God with music and pantomimes (out of this, later, the theater was
developed). Religious feeling for the Creator of the world was united with the most sacred of human
feelings, that of reverence for the ancestors. The ancestors were invited to these divine services as
guests of the Ruler of Heaven and as representatives of humanity in the higher regions. This uniting
of the human past with the Divinity in solemn moments of religious inspiration established the bond
between God and man.
The ruler who revered the Divinity in revering his ancestors became thereby the Son of Heaven, in
whom the Heavenly and the earthly world met in mystical contact.
These ideas are the final summation of Chinese culture. Confucius has said of the great sacrifice at
which these rites were performed: "He who could wholly comprehend this sacrifice could rule the
world as though it were spinning on his hand."
JLK: This hexagram may indicate that one is (was, might, or will be) using others, i.e. the "sixteen
men" mentioned in the text, to do the work for the matter at hand (and/or for the realization of ones
goals). One is (actually) working with, and/or through others (and/or other "things").
It may point to the fact that there are more than one way to do things (for the matter at hand), and/or
that one is facing (is confronted by, acting according to, and/or playing part in) a strategy (a context)
that one has not yet (entirely) understood.
Alternatively and/or conversely it may mean that there is little originality, and/or genuineness, or that
one is abandoning (betraying, and/or corrupting) these.
It may mean one is using disproportionate means (tools, ideas, and/or concepts) to realize ones
goals, such as using "sixteen men" instead of doing things oneself, and/or in a way that is basic,
essential.
It may be a call to return to ones originality, and/or genuineness, so that all will be coherent and able
to manifest (genuine, deep) enthusiasm, and/or it may be that this is (already) precisely what is
occurring for the matter at hand.
The Judgment says:
"Enthusiasm, a strategy, giving in (yielding) to what is arranged in advance and/or to what is

leading (ruling, guiding, influencing), the fulfillment of a strategy:
The people are (were, might, will, or should be) set in motion advantageously, in a way that will
be advantageous, and bring the best results possible (for all).
It is advantageous to establish a feudal princess, to "move ones armies", and/or to use

auxiliary force, and to accept the help of what is Ultimate, and incalculable;
Thus, it is good to install (find, and/or use) helpers.

Make use of your creative talents.
One must determine (and/or what occurs is determining) what will be the strategy (or plan),
and when it (or things) will be right, as well as what should not be pursued, or to be left (alone,
for a moment), and when it is right to improvise, or (to give things a) rest.
What has been prepared for will determine the joy, or sadness that will follow.
Out of the darkness a new, or unexpected sound can occur (spontaneously, by itself).
What one is projecting into the world can stir others to pursue inner work or to follow into a
new venture."
JLK: Without good-spirited enthusiasm, nothing of excellence can be done. On the other hand, good-

spirited enthusiasm makes almost anything possible.
Much, if not all of what one endeavors to do in life, depends on enthusiasm, more than anything else.
If there is no good-spirited enthusiasm, then the results of any endeavor will be mediocre at best,
catastrophic at worst.
Elephants are the strongest land-animals presently known on this planet. However, an elephant that
has been chained to a pole from its birth, once it's adult and more than strong enough to break the
chain with a twitch of the legs, will still believe it can't break the chains and refrain from even
attempting to do so. Even if there is no technical reason why the elephant could not break the chain,
the (corrupted) mind-attitude is blocking it to happen.
In another way, a dog that has been attached to a chain all his life, outside, all year through, will not
have learned to do anything else than bark at the smallest disturbance. A dog that has been beaten
once too much will attempt to escape or will bite when approached.
More positively, leading an elephant "from hand to hand" (as mentioned by the text of the image), will
only be possible with an elephant who has been treated appropriately and with loving care, as his raw
strength allows it to move any direction it wishes, which no man could withstand single-handedly. At
the same time, "sixteen men" can only successfully fulfill the task of passing and leading the elephant,
if they act in concordance, with shared agreement, understanding, and controlled (trained) skill.
The "elephant", can represent any big, powerful, animal force (as one wishes this to denote).
Thus, a certain practice, a certain discipline that has turned into "enthusiasm", will give certain
results. While these may be good and useful for one party, they may not be for the other. What may
look right from one perspective, may not be right from another. What may work at a certain time
period, may not work at another.
One must determine what kind of "enthusiasm" and/or strategy is required for ones purpose, and if it's
in harmony with what is Great (since that is the goal of the superior one).
By observing the nature of the enthusiasm (basis, preparation, prearrangement, and/or strategy)
occurring for the issue at hand, one can foretell what kind of results to expect.
Here, "good-spirited" enthusiasm may also refer to enthusiasm that is "joyful", "pleasing", "peaceful",
"relaxed", "easy", "with a comfortable margin", "with positive consensus", "with appropriate support",
and similar understandings depending on what fits the context.
Conversely, it may be that this hexagram indicates how one is using a strategy, but not in a way that
will be advantageous, and/or that will not bring the best results possible (for all). Then there will be
misfortune. In some cases, this will be necessary, based on what is right.
Gathered sources: "Establishing a feudal princess", ... to "move ones armies", and/or "using an
auxiliary force", describes a noble who is entrusted (on the base of confidence) with governing the
provinces, or executives, to move what is like the army, the troops, an organized unit (of liveliness or
something dangerous), the danger, the new life.
See also Ta Chuan, section II, chapter II, par 9:
They made the double gates and the warning of the clapper, or "wood-crickets" as a preparation
against the approach of marauding visitors. The idea of this was taken, probably, from the hexagram
Yu, "the Enthusiasm Fulfilling".
The advice from the judgment is to achieve ones aim(s) by applying a strategy and using the help of
others who can be trusted and are able.

The time of the Enthusiasm derives from the fact that there is at hand an eminent man who is in
sympathy with the spirit of the people and acts in accord with it. Hence he finds universal and willing
obedience. To arouse enthusiasm it is necessary for a man to adjust himself and his ordinance to the
character of those whom he has to lead. The inviolability of natural laws rests on this principle of
movement along the lines of least resistance. These laws are not forces external to things but
represent the harmony of movement immanent in them. That is why all events in nature occur with
fixed regularity.
It is the same with human society: only such laws as are rooted in popular sentiment can be enforced,
while laws violating this sentiment merely arouse resentment.
Again, it is enthusiasms that enables us to install helpers for the completion of an undertaking without
fear of secret opposition. It is enthusiasm too that can unify mass movement, as in war, so that they
achieve victory.
Commentary
This hexagram principally represents thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) over
(above) the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark), and movement over
(above) people (beings, and/or things). Thunder emanates from Heaven and is heard on earth. Zhen,
movement (the thunder, the arousing), the upper trigram, and symbolic of Heaven's actions, is above
Kun, the earth (the receptive, the weakness), representing the people.
The ancient kings used this situation to develop special music to express reverence for the will and
blessings of Heaven, and also stir up and generate feeling in the people, thereby controlling them
either for peaceful or for warlike purposes.
This hexagram is the opposite of hex. 15, Hidden Richness (the Modesty, Hidden Qualities). Hex. 15
shows the proper characteristics to display from an earthly point of view. Here in hex. 16 we are
dealing more with the spiritual realm, signified by Heaven's creation and the manifestation of thunder.
Thus, this hexagram is the foundation for the use of music and words to influence others. To us today,
broadcasting most aptly describes the influencing of others on a large scale through words and
music.
~ Profile
The single yang line, the ruler of the hexagram, is a strong leader to whom the others are devoted.
This produces enthusiasm, tranquility, and repose. The upper trigram, thunder (the movement, the
arousing), suggests making sounds known to others. Hence individuals with this hexagram as their
base will make themselves known to others, in varying ways according to their specific controlling
lines. These individuals will be found in nearly every walk of life, with many being successful through
understanding and use of the principles of this hexagram, while others will be failures through
personal neglect.
Those born in the fifth month [June - July] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: Enthusiasm (the strategy, what is arranged in advance) is (was, might, will, or should
be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young,
those who are young, on the floor), and/or in the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in
the way of doing things).
Those who are small, will tend to move towards what is small, and still smaller.
Those who are Great, or attain to be, will tend to move towards what is Great, and still Greater.
One is (was, might, or will be) proclaiming and pursuing ones pleasure and satisfaction;
This (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like enthusiasm that is expressing itself
(spontaneously) and brings misfortune, which might lead to evil.
Likewise, boastfulness (and/or bravado) brings misfortune."
JLK: The thunder (the upper trigram) moves fast, awakening and arousing, while the earth (the lower
trigram) moves slowly. The repercussions for the self (ones inner truth) are that ones awareness is
lagging, compared to the speed with which things develop in the world (the Universe). One moves
(and understands) slower than the world evolves.
Therefore, here expressing and/or pursuing pleasure and/or satisfaction, merely for the sake of it,
and/or displaying boastfulness (bravado, an inappropriate degree and/or kind of enthusiasm) brings
misfortune. It may be time to reconsider what is really important, and how much one stands to gain
from the situation at hand.
One is (was, might, or will be) displaying bravado that is inappropriate (not suited) for the matter at
hand. One should be more "genuine" (sincere, honest, holistic), so that when change occurs (at the
exterior) one will be in the right place, and/or do things the right way.
Gathered sources: "One is (was, might, or will be) proclaiming and/or pursuing ones pleasure(s) and
satisfaction". This might bring misfortune, and might result in evil: ones wishes are (will be, might be,
or have been) satisfied such as to weaken ones will.
This line expresses self-complacency. One is endangered by such an attitude.
This is a yin line in a strong position and is thereby weakened. But since it corresponds with the
strong fourth line, its excessive self-confidence can be curbed and disciplined by the fourth line's
positive energy. The fourth line is the moving force of thunder, which restrains the sloppiness, self-
indulgence and smugness of this line.
One has to be careful in all ones actions.
This describes a man who is in an inferior position but who has aristocratic connections (or a certain
amassed fortune or other favorable circumstance) about which he boasts (or in which he exalts)
enthusiastically. This arrogance (or inappropriate self-confidence about ones power and/or wealth,
material, spiritual, or other) inevitably invites misfortune.
Enthusiasm should never be an egotistical emotion. Nor should ones enthusiastic caring for others be
allowed to be dispersed in wasteful ways, as could be caused by the boastful attitudes of others. It is
justified only when it is a general feeling that unites one with others, and when all find (and feel)
themselves genuinely united.

~ Profile
The modern expression for the kind of person depicted here is "name dropper". These persons brag
about whom they know, and use the knowledge and the fame of others egotistically, as if it were their
own. There is a definite lack of personal will power for self-development and self-improvement. These
people would like to progress by riding on the coat-tails of others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will receive some strength and help from people in a higher
position than himself, and will make some gains. He can only make very small gains on his own.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be very narrow-minded, a braggadocio, with self-
destructive tendencies reflected in all his thoughts and actions. He will have a poor family life.
Avoid boastfulness.
Be taciturn. Bragging about your preparations (abilities, or skill) demonstrates a lack of will power.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) enthusiasm (the strategy, what is
arranged in advance) in (for, at, with) the calves, and/or ones impulses (the temporary,
Enthusiasm (the strategy, what is arranged in advance) is (was, might, or will be) occurring
(and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) firm (stable) as a rock.
Things don't have to go on a whole day.
Righteous firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and divination brings good fortune."
Gathered sources: If one is firm "as a rock", and/or if one is finding stability, then that which is at the
center of ones inquiry (i.e. an issue one is dealing with and trying to resolve) is (was, might, will, or
should be) not going on for "a whole day".
Thus, here, good fortune occurs thanks to not letting things go on for "a whole day", by being firm,
stable and decisive.
The image of this line shows one as being firm (stable) as a rock. One is seeing, or reacting to a thing
without waiting till it has come to pass. The correct and central position of the line [a yin line in a yin
position], indicates that with firm correctness there will be good fortune.

On the other hand, it may also mean that one (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) "not
to stay firm for (yet, even) a whole day": things will not "hold", or one is not waiting to contemplate
such being the case.
To know about the beginning of what will stack up, be pushed around, and grow tough(er), like a rock
(i.e. a mountain, as indicated by the lower inner trigram). To know about what seeds the situation.
This is how one will not be misled.
This line may hold the advice that it is not good (enough) to flatter, or to be superficially correct. In
that way, one will not allow things to grow tough, immobile and stuck, before the day is over.
Quoting Confucius:
"Firm as a rock, what need of a whole day?

The judgment can be known.
The superior man knows what is hidden and what is evident.
He knows weakness, he knows strength as well.
Hence the myriads look up to him."
See also Ta Chuan, section II, chapter V, par. 11:
The master said: "Does not the one who knows the spring of things possess spirit-like wisdom? The
superior one, in his intercourse with the high, uses no flattery, and, in his intercourse with the low, no
coarse freedom: does not this show that one knows the springs of things? Those springs are the
slight beginnings of movement, and the earliest indications of good fortune or ill. The superior one
sees them and acts accordingly without waiting for the delay of a single day.
As is said in the Yi Jing: "One is firm as a rock, and acts without the delay of a single day. With firm
goodness there will be good fortune". Firm as a rock, how should one have to wait a single day to
ensure one knowing of those springs and of ones course? The superior one knows the minute and
the manifested. He knows what is weak, and what is strong: he is a model to ten thousand."
JLK: The superior one knows about what lies ahead (what is coming), by recognizing its earliest signs
(indications, and/or omens). He does not need to do this repeatedly (and/or keep doubting) to
determine his direction (towards what is right, and/or in the right way).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not letting things go on longer than absolutely necessary.
~ Profile
Persons with this controlling line are wise and discriminating, following the golden mean, stable and
steadfast in their goals and purposes.
These persons will express their nobility through lasting creativity, by writing influential books or
music, painting memorable works of art, creating poetry, etc.
The words 'not for a whole day' are symbolic of these persons never reaching the end of their
capacity. Their working in this manner for the right reasons will result in good fortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be active, quickwitted and communicative. He will be
diligent in all matters, especially in pursuit of virtue, and will live by the golden mean. He will have a
stable character and disposition, unmoved by riches or poverty or temptations. He will become noble,
and will achieve fame.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a person of good character, and attain good
fortune through modest accomplishments.

Be dependable and firm.
Be stable, firm and consistent and others will place confidence in you.
arranged in advance) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones
occurring.
To be (as) staring at an elephant means trouble.

If one is (was, might, or will be) delaying (delayed, too late, or continuing too long), then one is
(was, might, or will be) very sorry.
JLK: Looking at the other(s) for relief (a solution) may result in more difficulties.
But if you have the certitude that it serves what is good, then by all means, go on.
One must verify (oneself) if all is true (honest), and/or if the other(s) is (are).
If one is doubting, and/or doing the contrary of what will make one (and/or the Universe)
happy, for (far) too long, how will one ever be able to find happiness, and/or to manifest it for
others?
Still, one must know when too much of a good thing is too much, and then becomes bad.
Not knowing (ignorance), and/or not being pertinent (diligent, adequate), is a guarantee for
attracting difficulties."
JLK: The "elephant" of the image for this line, is the proverbial "elephant in the living room". It stands
for any manifestation and/or occurrence that is as big as an elephant in a (relatively) small space (or
similar metaphor), and that one can't fail but to notice.
This line may point to the fact that one is (was, might, or will be) dwelling excessively on staring at
"the elephant", and/or going again and again over a certain issue (in ones mind, or in discussions).
This may also mean that due to ones dwelling and/or being absorbed by what one is looking at, one
fails to notice something important, while it's actually perfectly visible and should be taken into
consideration. Thus, the problem of "staring" and dwelling excessively (on it) can occur in multiple
ways and directions at the same time.
It may be that one is dealing with an old habit and/or problem, which should have been outgrown, or
moderated (tempered).
Depending on the context, the "elephant in the room" may be a problem or issue that one explcitly
avoids addressing.
The question is how long it will be useful to contemplate (observe, study) the situation (and/or what is
at the center of the matter at hand), or on the contrary, to avoid contemplating (addressing) it, and

what one hopes to achieve with it.
The "elephant" mentioned in the text can be interpreted in many subtle ways. In essence, it
represents a large creature that attracts ones attention, to the point of one "staring" at it (with gaping
mouth). The result of this is that the "elephant" takes on (fills, replaces) the role of "leading principle".
But here, it's at the wrong place, since the 3rd line represents what is in transition (a period of
change), ego, and/or practical know-how. For the matter at hand it's not the "elephant" that should
lead, but wisdom (knowledge and understanding of the ruling principles) that should lead.
One must do things so that they will be in accordance with (genuine) wisdom, while remaining
cautious, realizing that one may not yet know and/or understand what the correct "leading principle"
actually is (was, will, might, or should be).
Thus, in various Yi Jing text versions the "elephant" is interpreted to be as diverse (varied, wide of
scope) as the "leader" (the King), or "pleasure", while one ends up "looking up in admiration" and/or
being "absorbed" by these. In fact, it represents what is accompanying one (what one is living with),
and/or what is imposed on one and has become as huge as "an elephant". One must seize (back)
control, and (thereto) study what is true and what truly matters for what is at hand. This might require
one to look even more at "the elephant", this time studying it and/or researching about it. But one will
reach the end of things if one does things right, and being entirely sincere.
Conversely, this line may advise that one is (was, might, will, or should be) acting so that one avoids
ending up (as) "staring at the elephant".
This line is the third line of the lower trigram, the earth (the female, the passive, the receptive). The
nature of the occurring circumstances is further described in the 3rd line of hex. 2, the Earth (the
Receptive). It shows how one should keep ones abilities under restraint, complete ones mission
(working for the King) not seeking new (other) employment, and focus on doing things at the right
time, and in the right circumstances.
This is also the lowest line of the upper inner trigram, the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the
incalculable, the memory). The third line of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness) shows
how (under the circumstances) there is no "right way" to do things. One must change ones objectives
(goals).
This is the second line of the lower inner trigram, the mountain. The 3rd line of hex. 52, the Mountain
(the Immobile, the Stillness) shows how it is (was, might, or will be) necessary to be "supple in the
hips" (to "loosen up", to avoid being stiff in the backbone). It indicates one might have to avoid
stiffness in ones ideas (basic moral principles). One can not restrain all by (ones) will-power only
(and/or alone).
Since this line is immediately below the upper trigram, the thunder, it may be that one is (was, might,
or will be) temporarily blinded, deafened, or otherwise non-reactive (weak, passive), as symbolized by
the lower trigram, the earth. It could be due to being overly (excessively) receptive, open, weak,
and/or inferior. It may mean one is dazzled, and/or infatuated, as could be caused by a flash of light, a
loud explosion, and/or a (big, or sudden) movement. Spiritually it might be the result of an awakening,
arousing (sexuality), or shock.
Vice versa, it might be that out of what is presently at the center of the matter at hand, something will
be produced by the earth's interaction with the thunder, which may take the form of thunder (an
awakening, a shock, and/or arousal) at a higher location.
Gathered sources: Here, delaying things, i.e. continuing with something for longer than is strictly
necessary or useful, will create regrets. This line may point to the fact that one is (was, might, or will
be) delaying things (too much), or that what is at the center of ones inquiry may be temporary
appropriate, but only if not continuing with things any longer than is strictly called for.

This (also) means that it is never good to be looking up (to somebody, or something) too often, or too
long. Appreciate your own initiatives, creativity and insight. If one is hesitating too long, and
continually, this will bring regrets. Seize the right moment.
There is a risk that ones position, or timing, is (was, might, or will be) not the appropriate one.
One is (was, might, or will be) (as) staring at what is as an elephant: big and difficult to handle or
control, if at all.
One is (was, might, or will be as) staring: (as) contemplating, not really taking action or resolving
anything.
It means one is (was, might, or will be) delaying, and losing time, because of which one is (was,
might, or will be) very sorry.
Facing up to troubles can be unnerving, but if one is (was, might, or will be) hesitating one will greatly
regret this. If one is confronted by something that is as big, large and unavoidable as an elephant,
even when it's standing in the middle of ones own living-room, yet one is refusing to acknowledge it
and take appropriate action, then surely one will come to regret this, sooner or later.
This line therefore holds the advice to take appropriate action without delay, albeit appropriately
cautious and well-timed, with consideration of the size, importance and/or impact of what one is
dealing with.
General comment
Line 3, a weak line in the wrong place, looks to its strong neighbor, line 4, for care and support. He is
weak and envious, and would like to be provided for as if he were still a child.
~ Profile
The characteristics mentioned in the general comment are predominant in persons having this
controlling line. They like possessions, status and respect, but are unwilling to exert the necessary
energy to attain them. They would like to have these things presented to them. Additionally, they
make efforts to avoid responsibility while seeking love, pity and care from others. They do not
understand the principle that to give is to receive.
Procrastination and failure to take action in a timely manner brings remorse. Fortunately, many of
these persons recognize these traits in themselves, and consequently repent and reform, thereby
overcoming their deficiencies.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be faced with many obstacles as a result of his own
attitude and can accomplish but little. If he reforms himself he will achieve a reasonably satisfactory
life in his later years.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will vacillate continually in his ambitions and work habits. He
will have no worthy achievements, but many worries and troubles.
Wishful thinking alone is harmful.

Looking for help and wanting things to be done by others when you should be taking action yourself
can lead to regrets.
arranged in advance) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household,
ones emotions).
Enthusiasm (the strategy, what is arranged in advance) is (was, might, will, or should be)
occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the
reliability).
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (like) a source of enthusiasm and pleasure.
From the fountain great results accumulate.
This shows one from whom the harmony and satisfaction will come.
One achieves Great things, with Great success.
Doubt not; Don't allow suspicion to enter the mind, and one will gather friends (associates,
and/or help) around oneself, like a hair clasp gathers the hair.
JLK: Let ones heart be like a fountain (of goodness, and greatness) from which great results
accumulate; This will attract (arouse, awaken, move) the right friends (associations), and/or
lead into the right ways of doing things (close to ones nature, and/or feelings)."
JLK: There must be goodness and greatness in ones heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom,
ones household, ones emotions) if goodness and greatness are to be the result of how it expresses
(manifests) itself, and what it brings forth.
That which is at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, will, or should be) a source of
enthusiasm, which means it can move (and/or influence) things and/or people. It is this in itself that
will lead one to achieve great things (advantage).
Still, this doesn't necessarily mean that one will get the results one is hoping for, as things may end
up (very) differently than expected. It is the process in itself, as found at the center of what is
occurring, that will bring great success.
If this is the only changing line, one obtains hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the Passive). The 4th
line shows a "closed sack" (bag, and/or a container) which symbolizes that what is occurring is not
the essence of what is important at present, but will influence the outcome.
This line is also the 1st line of the upper trigram the thunder. The 4th line of hex. 51, the Thunder (the
Movement, the Arousing) shows mired, "muddy" thinking. Since for the matter at hand the conditions
of enthusiasm apply, here, things will lead to dealing successfully with problems related to such
flawed thinking. One may have to appeal to (rely on) ones intuition (what one feels in ones heart)
(and/or is doing such) to deal with difficulties when thinking, as this is the 4th line which symbolizes
the heart.
The image of a "fountain" furthermore suggests that the matter at hand will generate results as a

fountain would, i.e. in an endless flow of abundance. This may be good (if ones heart is good), or bad
(if ones heart is bad).
This might evoke the advice from Indian sage Babaji: "Follow the religion (belief, and/or righteous
feeling) found in your heart."
Let ones heart be good, strong and right like this only yang line, surrounded by yin lines that are all
yielding (giving in, passive, open, dark).
It is by following and/or expressing what one feels or holds in ones heart, in ways that are good, that
will lead to good results. Here, under the occurring circumstances, it is what should serve as ones
guide (and reference) to what to do, and/or how to do it.
Conversely, this line can point to there being no (genuine) fountain of goodness and greatness in the
heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions). This is the worst kind
of way to go through life, and can only result in misery in every domain, and misfortune (or lack of
fortune) in every area. It tends to be the way of those who are inferior (small, weak), while there are
also those who are inferior (small, weak, bad) yet inclined to move (evolve) towards what is superior
(Great, strong, good), if they connect with what's good in their heart.
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) pausing (resting,
immobilizing, stacking up or pushing around). There is (was, might, or will be) a Great haul. So one
must not question (or doubt) things, but put the cowrie shells (the Yi Jing divination tools) together.
This line depicts "the one from whom (or the source of which) the harmony and satisfaction (will)
come". Great is the success which one obtains: ones aims (will) take effect on a grand scale.
One is achieving Great things, thanks to having no doubt, due to the fact that one is totally sincere (or
due to the fact that what occurs is completely unambiguous, right and just).
Just as a hair clasp supporting the hair, one draws people together, and gather friends thanks to the
support one is giving or supplying.
One who is confident and self-assured becomes truly magnetic and inspiring, thereby attracting
others to cooperate.
This is a time for considering things, and for taking stock (contemplating, gathering, or putting
together) of what one (already) has and the potential offered by it. The "pausing" (or stacking up)
associated to this, is indicated by the lower inner trigram the mountain.
JLK: This is the upper line of the inner trigram, the mountain, which shows some form of pausing
(resting, stilling, and/or stacking up).
It is also the 4th line of the upper trigram, the thunder, which indicates shock (arousal and awakening)
that is "mired, inert and/or confusing (confused)".
This shows how "enthusiasm" (the manifestation and result of a strategy, a continuous line of action)
occurs after (some form of) shock (arousal and awakening) that leads to a period of confusion, which
requires (some degree of) stillness (rest), and/or "stacking-up, growing tough, and/or pushing around"
in the right way.
~ Profile
The advice, guidance, example, and control of a true, dynamic and communicative leader are a
fountain from which great results can be achieved and blessings derived. Every age in history
develops such persons when they are needed.

It should be remembered here that the Yi Jing is designed for superior persons as a guide to self-
development. It can, however, reflect and symbolize others who are not striving for the good of
humanity. Among those are leaders who are egotistical, factional and selfish. These are equally
discernible.
All leaders have difficulties at one time or another, and conditions are never smooth for a great leader.
In fact, it is the manner in which they overcome impediments that makes for their greatness. Every
leader probably wavers on occasion, when difficulties are truly immense. But by being confident he is
able to carry out his will, and gather others spontaneously to him. Everybody likes a winner, and
those depicted here are winners.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a powerful and influential position, and will exercise
his responsibilities judiciously and dynamically. He will carry out great enterprises, and will establish
virtue and achieve merit. He will have great good fortune.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a reputable man, of virtue and good fortune. He
will be respected and sought after, both personally and professionally. He will have an exceptionally
harmonious domestic life.
Be a source from which others can draw.
Be full of confidence and optimism, and friends will automatically gather around.
arranged in advance) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words
(expressions, orders), and/or through (in) the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler
(the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus), and/or through (in) the way one is nourishing
(and/or taking nourishment).
If it is (excessively) good, supportive (sympathetic) and/or overcoming conflict (being

advantage.
If it is (excessively) bad, authoritarian (repressive) and/or foolish (ignorant, lacking
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) chronically (persistently) ill, yet (still) not
dying.
While things are serious, they are not fatal."
JLK: This line may indicate some form of loss, and/or a nagging problem such as a chronic disease.
Still, things will not be "fatal", and one will be able to move along. Therefore, this line is not
(necessarily) unfortunate. After all, the good news is that one will (still) stay alive (active), albeit not in
the best of ways.
Alternatively, this line may advise to nourish oneself with what is right and superior, as this is what will

guarantee optimal health and longevity (it be physical, or spiritual).
Gathered sources: One lives on without dying, notwithstanding ones chronic complaints: one is in the
central position and has not yet perished. One should be (is, was, might, or will be) taking Great care.
Like someone holding the breath at irregular intervals, thus avoiding ones powers to be consumed by
empty enthusiasm. One avoids to be consumed by anything, at any given moment, thanks to a
reliability as existing from within: the emotions (or instinct, and experience).
Emotions, passions, and disease, having created a memorable and durable "well of experience" that
one can rely on. One is not (or should not be) lead to act upon every inviting thing, or empty
distraction that comes along.
Under the occurring circumstances, enthusiasm is obstructed. One is (was, might, or will be) under
constant pressure, which prevents one from breathing freely. However, this pressure has its
advantage: it prevents one from consuming ones powers in empty enthusiasm. Thus constant
pressure can actually serve to keep one alive.
General comment
Line 4 is so strong that in its efforts to advance it puts much pressure on the weak line above it. This
incessant pressure is like an illness.
~ Profile
There is no let-up, so that these persons have little time for anything other than work and solving
problems. Since the position of the line is central there is a possibility of some successes. There will
be many periods of fluctuation, but never complete failure or disaster. Chronic illness also suggests a
lack of adequate preparations.
These persons will be involved in much hustle and bustle, with much talk and many attempts to exert
influence on others. They will have few firm and lasting accomplishments.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be pressured by himself and others, and will be involved in
much activity. Many times he will find his efforts hampered and delayed for no apparent reason. If
truly auspicious, he may become known through the support and efforts of others. He may have a
long life, but will probably be ill much of the time.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be too weak and too timid to be independent, and will be
plagued by illnesses or injuries.
Beware of incessant pressures.
If one gives way to lust and pleasure instead of remaining firm in one's duty, the result may be an
illness.

6
arranged in advance) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's
law).
Even those who are small, can attain Greatness.

Even those who are Great, can fall (back) into smallness.
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) showing deluded enthusiasm.

Confused. Wasted efforts.
One is (was, might, or will be) as with a darkened, over-receptive, and (over) devoted to the
pleasure and satisfaction of the time.
JLK: The light of thunder found in the darkness (obscurity), below.

The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) inquiring into how the thunder returns
towards (and/or finds itself in) the earth (darkness, obscurity, weakness, smallness, evil).
(But) if one changes at the end, there will be no mistake (no error); No blame.
Thus, if one changes ones course, even when it may be considered completed, one will make
no mistakes; No error; No blame."
JLK: Here, one is wasting energy due to confusion arising from a negative kind (form) of enthusiasm
and/or (deliberately restricted, or limited) way of doing things.
Applying excessive (bitter, harsh) discipline can cause one to become too obsessed at finding
pleasure and satisfaction (sideways, and/or inappropriately), even though one is ready to sacrifice
these for the sake of discipline. Therefore it is better to walk the middle way.
Gathered sources: With a darkened, over-receptive mind, devoted to the pleasure and satisfaction of
the time, how long can one sustain such a condition? A change of course will have to occur, even
when things seem to have come at an end, and there will be no mistake (no error).
One is (was, might, or will be) as with a darkened mind, devoted to the pleasure and satisfaction of
the time. But if one change ones course, even when it may be considered completed, there will be no
mistake (no error).
It is a bad thing for one to let oneself be deluded by enthusiasm. But if this delusion has run its
course, and one is still capable of changing, one is freed of error. A sober awakening from false
enthusiasm is quite possible and very favorable.
General comment
Line 6 is the height of the thunder in the Heavens, and consequently striving upward produces no
effect on earth. Efforts in this direction are confused and wasted.
If the thunder finds some way to change its direction, such as being reflected by a sound barrier, it still
can be heard on earth.

~ Profile
This symbolizes persons who strive too high without the proper background, who are not clear in their
goals or are too idealistic in trying to influence others. They cannot achieve sound results.
If they become aware of their deficiencies they can reform, with an expectancy of greater subsequent
effectiveness. Such a sober awakening frees them from blame.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will make mistakes, but will listen to sound advice and reform
without bearing grudges. If the new courses are continued for long enough he will make some gains
and profits.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have no lasting achievements. Even if he gains
prosperity by a lucky chance, he will probably lose it later, and end his life in sorrow.
Overcome emptiness.
The preparations are of the wrong kind. Re-evaluate, reform and begin again.

Hexagram 17, the Following (Acquiring, Creating an Allegiance)
- Sui (Sui)
The theme of this hexagram is, on one hand, following, it be people following other people and/or
ideas, and/or it be events following upon certain events. On the other hand it is about adapting to
what follows from the matter at hand (and/or what is occurring).
The Image says:
"the following; acquiring the following; acquiring; to follow at the hunt; acquiring followers;
creating an allegiance; that which adheres and (which) follows;
to agree (with what is occurring):
The thunder hidden within the midst of the ocean (the lake, the swamp);
The thunder releasing an ocean high above.
The superior one, when it is as "getting towards dark" (at the end of the day, and/or after the
work is done), is (was, might, will, or should be) as entering his house, and rests, maintaining
inner calm, peace and stillness;
If (contrary to this) one is pursuing, and/or seeking (in inferior ways), one will be finding
deception, although it may clarify (ones, or the occurring) circumstances.
The Great Man will act (and do this) in accordance with the circumstances and the times, with
what they require, and what he can anticipate what will follow, or not follow."
JLK: Hex. 17, the Following (Acquiring, Creating an Allegiance), shows thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences) below the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness
and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps). The thunder "releases" an ocean
high above. The thunder shows the principle of causality: a chain (sequence) of events, one things
causing another. The ocean shows joy and sadness (exchange, wealth, resources). This results in the
image of a gathering (an accumulation) of joy and sadness (exchange, wealth, resources) at a higher
location, being the (direct) result of, thus following, a chain (sequence) of events at a lower location.
The image of thunder hiding in the ocean, gives the idea of explosive energy being available in
resources (wealth, joy and sadness, exchange), and what will follow from (and/or due to) this.
What follows, is firmly the result of (and/or occurring in the context of) what has come about during a
period of gradual development, as described in the inner hex 53, the Gradual Development (Gradual
Progress, Progressing into a Whole).
In many cases, the answer this hexagram offers is to (simply, honestly, realistically) observe "what will
follow", what should follow, and/or in what way one will "follow-up" (on things). It also calls for
observing what and/or who will follow, and why. By looking at what and/or who is (was, might, will, or
should be) "following", one will find ones answer(s). When there are certain things missing from the
view one has on things, and/or when there is a lack of precedents to rely on, this is the only way to
find answers.
Alternatively and/or additionally, if presently (a form of) following is at the center of the issue at hand,
one may find answers by understanding the appropriateness of what or who is actually moving things
so that all will follow. Like oxen that should be used to move heavy carts, or horses that should be

used to move fast carriages and war chariots, for each task, the right means should be put to use. If
what pulls "the carriage" is appropriate, there will be good results. If not, there can be no enduring
success.
Gathered sources: The original Chinese pictogram used for writing "sui", which means "following",
contains "chuo" which shows three footprints, meaning to go step by step. In context, it expresses
"following in the footsteps", i.e. in a certain direction.
The trigram Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness,
refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), whose attribute is gladness, is above. The trigram
Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) which shows arousal (the thunder, the
shock, the movement, the awakening), is below. Joy in movement (and arousing) induces following.
Dui, the upper trigram, represents the youngest daughter, while Zhen, the lower trigram represent the
eldest son. An older man defers to a young girl and shows her consideration. By this he moves her to
follow him.
In the autumn electricity withdraws into the earth again and rests. For this hexagram it is the thunder
in the middle of the ocean that serves as the image - thunder in its winter rest, not thunder in motion.
The idea of following in the sense of adaptation to the demands of the time grows out of this image.
Thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) in the middle of the lake the ocean (joy and
sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility,
wetness, swamps) indicates times of darkness and rest.
Similarly, a superior man, after being tirelessly active all day, allows himself rest and recuperation at
night. No situation can become favorable until one is able to adapt to it and does not wear oneself out
with mistaken resistance.
The trigram Zhen stands in the east, Dui in the west. The time between them is the night. Similarly,
the image designates the time of year - between the eighth and the second month [September -
March] - when thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) is at rest in the ocean (joy and
wetness, swamps). This gives rise to the idea of following or being guided by the laws of nature.
Such resting steels ones energy for fresh action. Turning inward is suggested by the upper inner
trigram Sun, the wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the
organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience), which means `going into', and by the
lower inner trigram Gen, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown
tough, information), which means rest and keeping still.
JLK: This hexagram is the reverse of hex. 18, the Decay (the Work On What Has Been Corrupted,
Poisoned). In that hexagram, the central theme is dealing with what has preceded and that is
corrupted, which either leads to healing or more corruption (poison). Here, in hex. 17, one is (will, or
should be) dealing what is (was, might, will, or should be) following, what one is following, and/or in
what way.

The Judgment says:
"Following, acquiring the (a) following, following the hunt (prey), acquiring followers,
allegiance, that which adheres and follows, agreeing (with what is occurring):
Under these conditions there will be Great progress; Supreme success.
One should contemplate and observe "the following" (what follows).
There is (was, might, will, or should be) only advantage if one is (was, or will be) persevering,
firm, sincere and correct; Then, there is no mistake (no error); No blame."
Gathered sources: To obtain, or pursue ones aims or goals successfully will depend on the time as
well as the circumstances. One should be pursuing only in superior ways, while following (or agreeing
with) what does so.
In order to obtain a following one must first know how to adapt oneself. If a man would rule he must
first learn to serve (in superior ways), for only in this way does he secure from those below him the
joyous assent that is necessary if they are to follow him. If he has to obtain a following by force or
cunning, by conspiracy or by creating factions, he invariably arouses resistance, which obstructs
willing adherence.
But even joyous movement can lead to evil consequences, hence the added stipulation, "There will
only be advantage if one will be persevering..." - that is being consistent in doing right - together with
"No error".
Just as we should not ask others to follow us unless this condition is fulfilled, so it is under this
condition that we can in turn follow others without coming to harm.
The thought of obtaining a following through adaptation to the demands of the time is a great and
significant idea. This is why the appended judgment is so favorable.
Commentary
In this hexagram we have the lower trigram Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement,
consequences), manifesting as movement, led by the upper trigram Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness,
swamps) manifesting as joy, a condition which automatically produces a following. Zhen, the thunder,
also symbolizes the beginning of spring, so it is a time of joyous progress.
In addition, this hexagram shows the completion of a cycle, in that Zhen, the thunder (as well as the
movement and arousal), is below Dui, the ocean. The fall is therefore indicated by the thunder
returning within the earth. Consequently, we have a cycle of service beginning with a joyous
movement and ending with a time of rest. If one considers this hexagram as symbolic of the course of
a day, then the superior man is active during the hours of light and at nightfall rests and recuperates.
~ Profile
These persons will primarily have daytime careers wherein they render service to others. The more
service they render, the greater will be their following. Persistence in being firm and correct in their
actions will produce supreme success without error. The keynote here is rendering service.
Those born in the seventh month [August - September] will be more auspicious

Lines
"JLK: Following (acquiring followers, following the hunt) is (was, might, will, or should be)
occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those
who are young, on the floor), and/or in the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way
of doing things).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) changing the object of ones pursuit (and/or the way of
doing things); The standards are (were, will, might, or should be) changing.
(Like when) the house is (was, might, or will be) falling down.
If one be firm, sincere and correct, there will be Good fortune.
Going beyond ones own gate (going out and crossing the river, going out in public, doing an
endeavor, or pursuing a goal) to find associates (friends, those who, or that which will "relate",
mingling freely) will lead one to achieve merit, bringing fulfillment (and/or praise).
There is (was, might, or will be) profit (good fortune, or advantage) in firmness, perseverance,
anticipation, and divination."
Gathered sources: "One is (was, might, will, or should be) changing the object of ones pursuit..." [JLK:
and/or the way of pursuing ones goal]; But/and if "one follows what is correct", there will (or might) be
(was, or is) good fortune.
One goes "beyond ones own gate to find associates". One will not fail in the method. The one going
out is (like) the man (the creative, active, strong, or Great).
Under the circumstances, things are like when ones house is falling down. The "world" (or "things") is
(are, were, or will be) changing. Under the occurring circumstances those who will seize the (right)
initiative will do well.
There are exceptional conditions in which the relation between leader and followers changes. It is
implicit in the idea of following and adaptation that if one wants to lead others, one must remain
accessible and responsive to the views of those under oneself. At the same time however, one must
have firm principles, so that one does not vacillate where there is only a question of current opinion.
Once we are ready to listen to the opinions of others, we must not associate exclusively with people
who share our views or with members of our own party. Instead, we must go out and mingle freely
with all sorts of people, friends or foes. That is the only way to achieve something.
~ Profile
Flexibility, persistence in virtue, open-mindedness, a rising above selfish motives, and an absence of
preconceived opinions are the dominant characteristics of these persons. Such individuals keep
abreast of the changing times and are eclectic in their studies and ideas. They know that merely
having knowledge is not sufficient in itself. Others must be nourished as well as additional personal
illumination being sought. Hence, these persons go out among the public in their careers of service.
As a result of their joyous and energetic actions they naturally acquire a following. Knowledge and
service makes for influence and power.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a noble person of great virtue, wisdom, energy and
talent. He will be able to lead, and to quell even major calamities in his nation. He will be highly

respected.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a similar person to the most auspicious, but to a
lesser degree. He will establish some merit and achievements, but may need the support of powerful
and influential persons to attain his aims.
Render service. Always maintain flexibility.
A change is taking place. Keep flexible and strong. Mix freely with others, giving and gaining opinions.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) following (acquiring followers, following
the hunt) in (at, for) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Following (acquiring followers, following the hunt) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
will be advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) leaving (quitting) the old (the mature, accomplished,
and/or wise), and finding (moving towards, following) the young (early, inexperienced and/or
foolish).
One who follows (the way of) the boy (the ignorant, inexperienced, foolish, and/or erratic)
loses a superior man."
JLK: The text of this line points to the fact that when having to choose between the (inferior) boy and
the superior (mature) man, one cannot be with the two at the same time.
This line may hold the warning that acting in a way that is (and/or following someone who is)
immature, and/or as when one was young (which should have been outgrown), and/or in a way that is
being evil (pursuing the path of conflict and/or negativity, i.e. acting in an inferior way) will not be of
benefit.
It may be that ones way of acting is merely immature (youthful, inexperienced, ignorant, foolish,
and/or erratic), but this can or might result in evil anytime, as the youthful (inexperienced, ignorant,
foolish, and/or erratic) may not yet have the discipline or strength to withstand its luring powers.
Here, it may be that one is (was, might, or will be) acting in a way that is evil out of ones own free will,
or on the other hand, it may be that one is (was, might, or will be) lured into giving in to evil (or inferior
ways), falling prey to the conflict and negativity that is (was, might, or will be) occurring, even if one
has no intention to act in an evil or deliberately negative way, and/or because one is falling prey to
delusions.
The price of evil is always high. Even though one who has chosen to follow the path of evil may

appear to be successful, and regardless of how much wealth and/or power one may acquire,
ultimately disaster will be experienced somewhere along the path, in the presently occurring realm or
the next.
Still, while the text refers to a boy, which symbolizes youthful folly (ignorance, inexperience, and/or
erratic behavior) under the occurring circumstances it is better to be innocent (without a "burden",
uncompromised) than to try to be clever. The advice is to behave in an innocent as well as a mature
way.
In an alternative way, this line may therefore point to the fact that under the occurring circumstances,
one is (was, might, will, or should be) like a little boy (a youth), and not a mature man (grown-up), or
in a position as such. If this is the case, then this should occur in innocence and in superior ways.
In other words: if the context requires it, then be like a child (full of innocence and spontaneity)!
And/or treat (accept) the other(s) occurring at the center of the matter at hand as such.
When the issue at hand concerns friendships and close relationships, this line may point to the fact
that an individual must always make a careful choice. One surrounds oneself either with good or with
bad company. One cannot have both at once. If one throws oneself away on unworthy friends, one
loses connection with people of intellectual (or other virtuous) power who could further one in the
good.
General comment
Individuals who have inferior goals and put forth only minimal effort will never become superior.
~ Profile
Such persons have a tendency to be lazy, and to procrastinate, and accomplish only that which is
forced upon them. Such persons might go to college or a technical school, and, after leaving, never
again pick up a text containing new material relating to their field. They will come in contact with virtue
and ambition, but will not possess the courage to pursue these qualities very far on their own. They
will, on the whole, be followers all their lives.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of little talent, prone to vacillation. He may be
close to persons following the primrose path.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a laborer or servant. Women may become
concubines.
Low goals and purposes are destructive.
No man can serve two masters. He who follows someone weak will lose the beneficence of a strong
leader.

3
the hunt) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues
One is (was, might, will, or should be) leaving (quitting) the young (early, inexperienced and/or
foolish), and finding (moving towards, following) the old (the mature, accomplished, and/or
wise).
One who follows (the way of) the superior man, loses the boy (the ignorant, inexperienced,
foolish, and/or erratic).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) gaining what one desires through following firm and
correct courses and goals.
There is (was, might, or will be) advantage in bringing into practice (what is obtained, or
learned from) perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination."
Gathered sources: The text of this line points to the fact that when choosing for (the way of) the
superior (mature) man, one demonstrates having the will to abandon (the way of) the boy (the young,
ignorant, inexperienced, foolish, and/or erratic), and that one is prepared to give up what is inferior
(weak, receptive, small, dark, unclear, and/or evil) to keep or maintain what is (or will be) superior
(strong, creative, Great, light).
Alternatively, this line may point to the fact that under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might,
will, or should be) losing touch with what is youthful (innocent, inexperienced, ignorant, foolish, and/or
erratic) or not taking enough into consideration what this denotes, including what is inferior and evil. If
this is the case, then one should take this into account.
When the right connection with distinguished (superior) people has been found, a certain loss
naturally ensues. One must part company with the inferior and superficial. But in ones heart one will
feel satisfied, because one will find what one seeks and needs for the development of ones
personality and/or realization of ones goals. The important thing is to remain firm. One must know
what one wants and not be led astray by momentary inclinations.
General comment
In general, the conditions and situation are the opposite of those set forth in line 2. Those depicted
here are constantly seeking new knowledge and new ways to be of service to others. Their degree of
success is largely determined by the intelligence with which they are endowed. They will be
independent persons to whom additional duties and responsibilities can be assigned, with reliance on
their appropriate fulfillment
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will complete everything he begins, with some degree of
success in all matters. He will be assisted by those of higher status or position, but will receive
negligible help from subordinates. He should beware of impatience, be cautious and thorough, and
avoid mean people.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will achieve some substantial results, from which local fame
and profit may arise. His children, regrettably, will not be dependable.

High goals and purposes are constructive.
Use caution and discrimination. Turn away from the weak to follow the strong, and you will find what
you seek.
the hunt) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones
emotions).
Following (acquiring followers, following the hunt) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) following (and/or pursuing) in order to have (to
possess, or hold) or to seize (to catch).
In that case the divination indicates misfortune.

Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and divination indicate (or announce) misfortune
(and/or no advantage), however correct and unyielding one might be.
One must have confidence and remain in the Dao, in order to enlighten (and/or find
enlightenment). What error could there be in it?"
JLK: Depending on the context, this line may hold the advice to detach from the outcome of what is at
the center of the matter at hand. The goal should not be to seize (catch), the goal lies in (the) doing,
as such, while staying in the Dao.
Maybe ones goal (objective) is not right and/or appropriate. And/or it may be time to move on to new
(and/or different) things, and/or to a different way of doing things that is more in accordance with ones
Dao (one own way and/or purpose).
In a general way, this line may advise to "go with the flow", and not try to obtain anything by force.
One should work through (with) what is trustworthy (sincere) from a realistic (practical) point of view.
Gathered sources: The following (and/or pursuit) that is occurring under the circumstances for the
matter at hand, is (was, might, or will be) not of the right kind, not occurring at the right time and/or
not under the right circumstances. Therefore the divination indicates misfortune. However correct and
righteous one tries to be, firmness, perseverance, anticipation and any kind of active pursuit of what
is at the center of ones inquiry, is indicating misfortune and will bring no advantage.
The theme of this hexagram is that of following, but under the occurring circumstances, the only right
kind of following is that of going with the flow of the Dao. One should follow the natural (spontaneous)
unfolding of events, and/or let things follow their own course (i.e. without active intervention). Only
this is what is (was, might, or will be) bringing (the right kind of) enlightenment at present.

This is not a good time to be aggressive (to aggressively pursue and/or hold a goal or enterprise).
This is a time to follow. Following is inconsistent with the obstinate (stubborn) behavior that may be
implied by "to have (to possess, or hold)", or the aggressive behavior that is implied by "to seize (to
catch)".
Following is the way of the Dao: to follow (in) the flow of the Universe towards enlightenment.
This line might also indicate that under the presently occurring circumstances one is being followed
and/or obtaining adherents (followers). However, to wish this consciously, or to have this as an (main)
objective, at present signifies misfortune, which might result in evil. Being (aggressively) in pursuit of
acquiring followers (adherents), and/or adhesion, may not be correct at every occasion or instance.
On the other hand, one might be following others (or something) because of inferior (bad, small, weak
and/or inappropriate) reasons, or in an inferior way.
But, if one has confidence and remains in the Dao (in what is "true", i.e. "not false"), meaning if one is
sincere in ones course and ways, pursuing a sincere life-style and making harmonious choices, this
will display and show ones intelligence, which will involve and/or attract practical success, and
certainly lead to achievement as well as enlightenment (clarifying).
This is not a time to be soft, but neither is it a time to be aggressive and/or obstinate (stubborn). One
must realize (as an extra consideration) that if what one wishes (and/or actively pursues) is to
happen, others might suffer (pay for this, or loose) in some way or another, as every action bears its
consequences, and however well-intended, not necessarily only good ones. One should (re-)
consider this, and appropriately adapt ones goals, motives, and/or ways of doing things.
General comment
The strong and natural leader acquires a following, and many adherents, but does so naturally and/or
in perfect harmony with the Dao, the flow of the Universe.
The fourth line is the position of the minister or second in command. To generate and develop a
following aggressively, or for its own sake, for inferior and/or ulterior motives, would be a grievous
mistake.
~ Profile
If these persons recognize what is taking place (as indicated by this line) they can, primarily through
their sincerity, convert their personal following into a loyal following for their leader, ruler or cause.
Acting in this manner is a true rendering of service both to his leader, whom he thus serves correctly,
and to the subordinates, since then everything is in proper order.
What error or harm can develop if such a course is followed?
The greater the wisdom and the greater the loyalty of the minister (manager, and/or advisor), the
greater the overall success.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He is sincere, upright and virtuous, following the true Dao. His
seniors and juniors alike repose confidence and trust in him. He will be kind, considerate and non-
dictatorial. He will be highly successful in all that he undertakes.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will do well as long as he remains impersonal. Personal
involvement, and the seeking of gain for selfish reasons can lead to serious trouble. He may be
reprimanded frequently by his seniors, and his juniors may become suspicious of him. He is likely to
be an inveterate wanderer in his field of work.

Work for universal, unselfish purposes.
One is not yet in a true, ruling position and able to act independently.
the hunt) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions,
nourishment).

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) sincerely following what one believes to
be good (excellent, and/or right).
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) having confidence in what is excellent
(Great, right, loving)."
JLK: Here, the fact that one is following what one believes to be right is in itself a good thing.
However, this doesn't necessarily mean that what one is putting ones trust in actually deserves it,
and/or that the people one is trusting deserve it. Still, even if that should be the case, there are times
one has to work with the options that are available, even when they are limited. One should therefore
carefully consider things, and choose what will offer the best outcome.
Gathered sources: An alternative translation of this line reads: "One is (will, or should be) sincere and
correct in fostering and nurturing all that is (and/or will be) excellent...": (then) ones position is (was,
might, or will be) correct, righteous, and in the center. This refers to the fact that the occurrence of
profit (good fortune, or advantage) is indicated by the favorableness of the line's position.
As this is the Emperor line (the ruler of the hexagram), this means one should (was, or is to) trust
ones superior (or what is superior, Greater, higher, or lighter).
All that is (and/or will be) excellent, has "excellence" to begin with (literally: "in the beginning" - as
well). Something that has no excellence, can never become excellent (especially within a given time-
span, or condition). Still, nothing (in our world and Universe) is entirely devoid of excellence, as, while
it can be perceived as some materialization of the creative, all that is created (all creation) beholds
(what should at least be a fraction) of the Ultimate (and/or original) creation, which by its nature alone
embodies excellence to begin with. Therefore, excellence is (mostly) perceived in the context of ones
own (personal and/or limited) criteria.
Here, under the circumstances, one is (will, or should be) setting ones standards (of excellence) high
(or higher), in accord with those who are, or that which is superior (Great, high, light, strong, active, or
creative).

General comment
Genuine, unaffected sincerity should be exercised in the rendering of service to others, by fostering
and promoting matters for universal good.
~ Profile
These persons exemplify the meaning of the hexagram as a whole. To fulfill this they must be
dedicated to the service of mankind, in keeping with divine will. They will be wise, intuitive, judicious,
communicative and intelligent, blessed with common sense, practicality and inexhaustible energy.
They will be men of vision.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a wise person of great virtue, who likes to communicate
and associate with superior men. He will know inwardly that he has a great mission to accomplish,
and will persistently and consistently strive to achieve it. He may earn a large salary and be in a high
position.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a good man, but to a lesser degree. The golden
mean will be the rule in his life.
Sincerity is productive.
He who leads with sincerity, confidence, and trust in his subordinates, is certain to accomplish great
deeds. Good fortune.
the hunt) in (for, at, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) firm allegiance. Adherents cling to one.
Sincerity firmly held and clung to, yes, and binding.
Those who follow (agree, and/or pursue) are (were, might, or will be) caught and bound.
One accompanies the king in the sacrifice on the Western Mountain.

The king (or ruler) introduces the superior one to the Western Mountain, in order to present
offerings (to perform the sacrificial rituals) with firm sincerity."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, those (superior ones) who are following are (were, might, or
will be) caught and bound. While this is (was, might, or will be) paired with an honorable position,
such as that of accompanying the king (the ruler, those who are ruling/governing, and/or the general
consensus), one ends up losing ones independence and/or freedom (for the duration of the

conditions of the issue that is at hand).
One will have to carefully assess if the loss of independence and/or freedom is worth the honor
(recognition, and/or "acceptance") being bestowed on one, and/or the service one has pledged to
provide (or action one has planned to do) and for which one is (was, might, or will be) honored
(recognized, and/or "accepted").
The Mawangdui text uses for this line a pictogram showing "aromatic grass", which in other versions
has been interpreted to refer to the King receiving the superior one for ritual sacrifices. However, it
might also refer to how what is at the center of the matter at hand, is (was, might, will, or should be)
like a ritual sacrifice (or ceremony), which is paired with some degree of manipulation (and/or
deception) of the senses (such as through incense, perfume, or other aromatic smell, and/or some
type of psychotropic drugs). It may be of concern to see through this, and get to the true essence of
things (in the most sincere of ways).
Gathered sources: Here, what occurs can be summed up in the brief comment: "caught and bound".
This can refer to any kind of context where some kind of following, allegiance or adherence occurs
(such as people adhering to an idea or objective, or giving their allegiance to a leader), but may also
refer to what is like a hunt, where a prey is caught and bound. What occurs is some form of voluntary
adherence as well as being the result of some kind of effort to draw the object of ones pursuit (people,
an objective, or other) in.
The "superior one" refers to a man, an exalted sage, who has already put the turmoil of the world
behind him. But a follower appears who understands him and is not to be put off.
So the sage comes back into the world and aids the other in his work. Thus there develops an eternal
tie between the two.
The allegory is chosen from the annals of the Chou dynasty. The rulers of this dynasty honored men
who had served them well by awarding them a place in the royal family's temple of ancestors on the
Western Mountain. In this way they were regarded as sharing in the destiny of the ruling family.
Here, the image of a "superior one" can also be seen as a reference to a superior idea or concept.
The occurring sincerity which is firmly held and clung to, and binding, indicates the idea that the
hexagram has reached its extreme development.
In a less favorable way, one might (will, or could) be (or has been) in a situation where one is (was,
might, or will be) all "bound up together" (and/or "caught up"). Therefore what matters (and what will
result most specifically in what will be bound or binding) is the (kind of) sincerity (i.e. its intensity, and
appropriateness), as well as when and how it occurs (and is displayed). One should seek to survive
through mutual care and concern.
JLK: It might be that both occur at the same time: one the one hand one achieves that something (a
prey, or ones goal) is "caught and bound", yet at the same time one is oneself also "caught and
bound" in some sort of way and/or to some degree.
Where there is awareness and a commitment to learn and/or follow sincerely, one receives the
appropriate teachings.
~ Profile
Symbolized in this line are leaders, teachers and sages, who desire to withdraw from worldly affairs.
They are good people who have achieved much in life, and their followers wish to remain with them.
The king's sacrifice at the Western Mountain was a ceremony in which the king worshiped God, and
paid reverence to his ancestors in the highest degree. It was the highest form of worship of the

ancient kings. To be invited to participate was an honor symbolizing the granting of equal status to the
individual concerned.
These persons will be innately noble and good, but will have a strong desire to participate in the
affairs of the world. Their natural inclination is more towards spiritual matters, and they devote a great
portion of their time to developing and improving themselves inwardly. Status, position and wealth
mean very little to such persons.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be honest, sincere, gentle, merciful, following righteous
ways. His personality will automatically move people. His aims can be attained, but, in general, these
are simple and non-demanding. In his cultivation he can communicate with Heaven, and invite good
fortune.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): If he lives in seclusion, in the mountains or in the forest, he will
have a good and auspicious life. If he tries to enter worldly affairs he will encounter difficulties.
Seek spiritual wisdom.
Cultivate yourself inwardly and seek greater spiritual wisdom.

Hexagram 18, the Decay (the Work On What Has Been Corrupted, Poisoned)
- Gu (Ku)
The theme of this hexagram is the decay of things and that which can be done against it. It can even
be about the decay that can happen to, or due to the activity of trying to improve matters.
The Image says:
"the decay; the work on what has been corrupted, decayed, and spoiled; the corruption;
the arresting (of) corruption; the poison(ed); the poisoning; the medicine;
healing what has preceded; the repair; the cure; the destruction; the implosion:
The wind blows at the foot of the mountain;

The wind (the wood) below the mountain.
The wood grows, organizing at the foot of the mountain:
This is the image of the work on what has been corrupted and sickened.
Thus, the superior one addresses himself to move, stir up, and help the people, strengthening
their spirit, and nourishing his own virtue.
The Great Man is he who, as symbolized by the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and
confusing), will succeed in moving the hearts of the people (that which is immobile and
stacked up), by stimulating their virtue."
JLK: Hex. 18, the Decay (the Work On What Has Been Corrupted, Poisoned), shows the image of the
wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the experience) at the foot of the mountain (the
immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information). What lies at the foot of
the mountain is the most dense, stagnating (stubborn), and (at risk of being) corrupted (putrefying).
The conditions of this hexagram are the result of (and/or appearing in a context of) flawed
relationships (associations, and/or morals), as described by inner hex. 54, The Marriage (the Marrying
Maiden, the Long-Term Association).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing with what has preceded. This is (was, might, will, or
should be) resulting in a genuine effort to heal things, or conversely, it will result in more corruption
(poison).
The meanings of this hexagram are as diverse as "working on what has been corrupted" and
"poison". This holds the idea that what can heal, can turn into poison when taken at doses that are
too large, and/or too ineffective, while the presence of what is corrupted offers an opportunity to heal,
or on the contrary, to corrupt even further.
Gathered sources: The original Chinese pictograph for "decay", "ku", represents a bowl in whose
contents worms are breeding. This results in the meaning of "decay". It has come about because the
gentle (though emotionless) indifference of what is represented by the lower trigram (the wood, the
organizing, softly penetrating and confusing, the word) has come together with the rigid immobility of
the upper trigram (the mountain, the rest, the immobile, stacked up, pushed around, and growing
tough), and the result is stagnation.

Since this implies guilt, the conditions embody a demand for removal of the cause. That is why the
meaning of this hexagram is not simply "the decay" but also "the work on what has been corrupted".
At the foot of the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information) occurs what has been corrupted, spoiled, sickened or putrefied, becoming like poison, or
to be used as a medicine. It is given in the image of uprooted bushes, or damage to trees, symbolized
by the lower trigram the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing,
the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience). After the time of Gen, the
mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information),
symbolizing wintertime, occurs Sun, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the
softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience), which
symbolizes change, rejuvenation, and living through an experience.
What someone might call a "sickness", might be called an "imperfection" by someone else, or vice
versa (depending on the degree to which things may be cured or "perfected"). It is important to realize
that everything is organized, connected, and vibrating in specific ways, although this might be
imperceptible on the surface.
Only thanks to hard, but organized and consistent work, as depicted by the mountain (the immobile,
what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) and the wood (the wind, the softly
penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners,
the experience) operating together, will the decay be restrained, and/or will the medicine be applied
(used, be of benefit).
If the decay is too consistent, or too vast, the lower inner trigram the ocean (joy and sadness,
swamps) can depict (what is as) an ocean full of tears, occurring at an intermediate level, or occurring
in due time.
In established enterprises, or other organizations or relationships this indicates a fundamentally

corrupted, spoiled, and sickened state, occurring high "within", accompanied by an outburst of
strength, like the thunder high below Heaven.
When the wind blows low (or down) on the mountain, it is thrown back and spoils the vegetation (the
wood, the organism, system, or society). This contains a challenge to improvement.
It is the same with debasing (belittling) attitudes and fashions (ways of doing): they corrupt (human)
society (and its endeavors, or actions). To do away with this (kind of) corruption, the superior one
must (as) "regenerate" society. Ones methods, likewise, must be derived (modeled) from the two
trigrams, but in such a way that their effects unfold in (an) orderly sequence. The superior one must
first remove the stagnation by stirring up public opinion, like the wind stirring (softly penetrating,
confusing, and organizing) everything, and must then strengthen and tranquilize the character of the
people, like the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, the
information) giving tranquility and nourishment to all that grows in its vicinity.
JLK: This hexagram is the reverse of hex. 17, the Following (Acquiring, Creating an Allegiance). In
that hexagram, the central theme is following and/or adapting to what follows from the matter at hand
(and/or what is occurring). Here, in hex. 18, one is dealing with what has preceded. For most of its
lines (excepted line 6) it means that things are "bathing in poison". Thus, dealing with what has
preceded is (was, might, will, or should be) resulting in a genuine effort to heal things, or conversely,
they will result in more corruption (poison).

The Judgment says:
"Decay, work on what has been corrupted, decayed and spoiled, corruption, arresting (of)
corruption, poison, medicine, repair, destruction, a cure, implosion:
There will be Great progress and success if one will properly deal with the conditions thus
indicated.
To try to heal what is corrupted, spoiled, sickened, or putrefied and/or poisoned: this brings
Great fortune.
It is advantageous to cross the Great river (the Great water), and/or to start an endeavor.
One should however weigh, and consider, well and with care, the events of (or "that which
occurs" during) the three days before (the turning point, the beginning, or the
accomplishment), and of the three days afterwards."
JLK: When decay - a rotting process (materially, or spiritually) - goes on long enough, and/or intense,
vast, corrupting and/or sickening enough (as a result of ones own actions and/or that of others), it
becomes poison. Under the occurring circumstances there is (was, might, will, or should be) poison
(corruption), but it's important to (still) see it as the result of the process of decay (rotting). Healing
what has been poisoned demands that one applies a remedy at first to the decay (rot) that is (was,
might, or will be) occurring, or the cure will only be short-lived, and/or hardly be one at all.
There are different kinds and degrees of decay (corruption, rot), and remedies. In some cases it is
easy to be cured, in other cases impossible, while sometimes a poison can be remedied by a
counter-poison.
Gathered sources: This is the moment to act firmly, resolutely, and peacefully, restraining decay,
corruption and putrefaction. The decay occurs due to a lack of wholesome, consistent and
responsible behavior, or due to weakness, dishonesty, and/or ambiguity.
It looks as if a disaster can not be avoided. But this is specifically what will bring healing and success.
To consider everything carefully, as to take away fears, and flaws, and to persist at doing so, is what
will bring the success.
Thus, Great effort is required to arrest decay and corruption, and to restore vigor, and a wholesome
harmonious health. It is important to be planning carefully, before making a move, and to be alert,
within several fields, as to avoid a relapse (the falling back into an old habit or conflict) following upon
a renaissance.
JLK: The ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement,
decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), full of joy and tears, is located or "hanging" hallways the
mountain, and projects, or releases the thunder high in Heaven, immediately under the ceiling, or at
the top of the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information), symbolizing the house (of that which is stacked up, rested, pushed around, and growing
tough through time).
The thunder occurring high in Heaven, as from within, at the top of the mountain, should be restrained
and kept under control thanks to organizing, symbolized by the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating
and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the
experience).
Gathered sources: The time span involving the work on what has been corrupted, spoiled, or grown
sick and putrefied includes three days before the beginning (or accomplishment), as well as three
days after.

This means an effect of the work being done at present, will be felt in cycles of "threes" (three
"periods", 3 days, three weeks, three years, thirty years, etc.. "three", or what will be experienced like
this).
What has been spoiled through man's mistakes, can be made good again through man's work,
although everything is unique, and can only be found once (with all that is, or may be specific to it). It
means that (with this notion, one has to maintain a certain reservation due to fact that) man can
correct man's ways, but he can not (re-) create what has already been created (and what is already
there, or vanished, and gone away).
It is not as much immutable (relentless) fate, as in the time of hex. 12, Stagnation (the Stubbornness,
Stuck to be Receiving), that has caused the present state of corruption, and decay, but rather abuse
of human freedom, and the wrong associations that can come from it (as symbolized by inner hex.
54).
Working on what will be (leading towards) improving the conditions promise well, because it accords
with the possibilities of the time. One must not recoil (scare away) from work and danger (peril, or
difficulties), as symbolized by the crossing of "the Great river" (the water, the stream, fulfilling an
endeavor, pursuing a goal, or aim), but must (take) hold energetically.
Success depends however, on proper deliberation (and intention). This is expressed by the phrase:
"consider (reorganizing, or assessing things) three days (or periods) before the beginning (or
accomplishment), and three days (or periods) after the beginning (or accomplishment).
One must first (truly) know (about) the causes of (the) corruption, before one can do away with them.
That is why it is necessary to be cautious (and apprehensive) during the time before the start. Then
one must see to it that the new way is safely entered upon, so that a relapse may be avoided.
Therefore one must also pay attention to the time after the start.
Decisiveness and energy must take the place of the inertia and indifference that have led to the
decay, in order that the ending may be followed by a new beginning.
Commentary
This hexagram has the trigram Sun, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the
softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) at the foot of the
mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information). The foot of
the mountain is where things collect and stagnate. Therefore this hexagram is symbolic of stirring up
decay and making corrections. Since the Yi Jing is a guide for individual development, the statements
in the controlling lines relating to correction of the mistakes of the father and mother have reference
partly to the characteristics inherited from ones ancestors. This is representative of but another step
in man's never ending growth.
The symbolism applies to other situations, such as family life, government and business, and
wherever the old must be cast out before the new can enter. It is advantageous to set forth and work
on such matters, but important steps should not be taken lightly nor hastily.
~ Profile
Three days before beginning' and three days after beginning' enjoin this person to thoroughly study
changes in advance and to follow through after their initiation with proper care and nourishment, so
that the changes develop in a propitious manner and the seeds sprout into productive growth.
Individuals with this hexagram as their base will be constantly involved in matters of correction, both
great and small, i.e. in the household, in the community, in business, in states and in nations. For
many this will include spiritual as well as material matters.

Most of those born under this hexagram will build their life out of meager of hard beginnings. Some
may inherit a household, but they will find it difficult to maintain. Many will not get on with their
parents. Those born in the last two months of the year [December - February] will be less auspicious,
while those born in the first month [February - March] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) decay (corruption, poison, work on what
has been corrupted, medicine, repair) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) superior (Great), the results will be good, and
If is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and there
will be misfortune.
What comes from (the business, and/or the actions of) the father: poisoned;
If the son (the descendant) is able, then there will be no problem.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing with, and/or setting right (correcting, curing, or
restraining) what has been (is, might, or will be) corrupted (decayed, sickened, or wasted) by
the father (the ancestor(s), the preceding, or the originating).
If the child (heir, successor) be able, the father (the one who created or caused what occurs)
will escape the blame of having erred.
The position is (was, might, or will be) perilous (difficult, or dangerous), but there will be good
fortune in the end."
JLK: Under the presently occurring circumstances, that which comes from "the father" (the
ancestor(s), the preceding, and/or the originating) is (was, might, or will be) poisoned (corrupted).
What comes from "the father" may concern business, actions, household, heritage, and/or other
matters related to male family, ancestors, closely affiliated people or entities, and/or a "creative"
(active, male) force (action) from the past.
In difference to the situation of line 4, here things are not merely (particularly) dangerous (difficult,
incalculable) to handle, they are poisonous (corrupting), not matter what one does. This has an effect
on how things are evolving over time. Here the effect may mean there are (substantial) difficulties
(dangers), but if "the son" (a male descendant, or what is like this) has the ability for it, these can be
resolved, to the extent that even the ancestor will not be blamed any more. In some cases, this line
may be a call for such a descendant (heir, someone dealing with a situation that was inherited) to
handle things well, and/or may call things into question from that angle.
Gathered sources: One (who is like the son, or the officer) is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing
with the troubles caused by ones father (the ancestor(s), the preceding, or the "one who" or "that
which" is originating, or the "originally creating", or filling). One is (was, might, or will be) feeling one
has entered the work (or domain) of ones father (or ancestor(s), the preceding).
Thus, this line points to problems that have been created at the time the present issue, circumstances
and/or occurrence came about (i.e. at an earlier time or stage), and/or that are ensuing from these
problems.
Here, differently to line 3 and 5, by setting right what has been spoiled by the father (the ancestor(s),
the preceding, "one who", or "that which" is originating), the blame (or bad and/or indirect

consequences) of the original mistake is (are) avoided.
Great corrections are not required here, so even though they may be considered perilous they can be
readily accomplished, and result in good fortune.
No one and nothing is perfect here on earth. There are always possibilities for improvement, even
when the conditions are good, when corruption exists.
This line may point to a situation where rigid adherence to tradition has resulted in decay. But the
decay has not yet penetrated deeply and so can still be easily remedied. It is as if a child were
compensating for the decay his father allowed to creep in. Once this has been done, then no blame
attaches to the father.
However, one must not overlook the danger or take the matter too lightly. Only if one is conscious of
the danger connected with every reform will everything go well in the end.
~ Profile
Persons with this controlling line will gravitate to positions requiring their special qualities and talent to
bring about reforms in a propitious manner.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will cultivate virtue and know how to rectify mistakes. He will
have the courage to advance with deliberate and determined action. He will be loyal to his parents
and country. He is able to work through danger, and his character and conduct will be a model for
future generations.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be independent of his family and relations. He will fight
through hardships, for accomplishment rather than for glory or personal gain, and he will be modestly
successful.
Correct the mistakes inherited from the father (the preceding).
Correct the traits inherited from the father (the preceding). Even though this may be perilous the
results will be good.

2
has been corrupted, medicine, repair) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the
Decay (corruption, poison, work on what has been corrupted, medicine, repair) is (was, might,
or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things
regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the orders being given by the regional chiefs
and/or the temporary (intermediate) King (ruler, ruling consensus).
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed) and alert, the results
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) impulsive ("jumpy"), and/or too slow (sluggish),
What comes from (the business, the actions and/or inaction of) the mother: poisoned
(corrupted).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a son (or an officer) dealing with the troubles
caused by his mother (the one, or that which has been receiving, feeding, or nourishing).
One should not carry ones firm correctness to the utmost.

One is (was, might, or will be) unable to do (obtain) a (pertinent) divination."
JLK: Under the presently occurring circumstances, that which comes from "the mother" (the female
ancestor(s), the one who, or that which has been receiving, nourishing or paying one) is poisoned
(corrupted), and/or one is (was, might, or will not be) receiving in a way that holds (contains, or leads
to) corruption.
What comes from "the mother" may concern business, actions, household, heritage, and/or other
matters related to female family, ancestors, closely affiliated people or entities, and/or a "receptive"
(passive, female) situation (or force) from the past.
Due to the poisonous (corrupting) situation, there is an effect on how things are evolving over time.
Here the effect may entail that one is unable to carry ones determination to the end, and/or unable to
clarify things to a satisfactory degree by using divination, or as a matter of fact due to other reasons.
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) like a son (or officer) dealing with the troubles
caused by ones mother (the one who, or that which has been receiving, nourishing, or paying one),
holding to the course of the due mean.
Thus, this line points to problems that have been created by that which is as a "mother" (that which
has given birth) to the present circumstances or occurrence.
~ Profile
Persons in such positions as vice-president, special assistants, head of departments, etc..., are
symbolized here. They will render full support to their superior, or organization, through diligence,
talent, loyalty and obedience. They are well-qualified persons, who merit the positions they occupy.
They are endowed with sound judgment and common sense, and they act wisely, avoiding extremes.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He is greatly talented, and exemplifies the golden mean, with
sincerity. He employs correct measures, well thought out in advance. He will improve his home
situation, his enterprises, and his country. Opulence is not predicted but he may become moderately
wealthy.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a good man working hard for the improvement of
his household, his undertakings, and his country. He will attain modest results.
Correct the mistakes inherited from the mother.
Exercise strict observance of what is correct and proper. Eliminate weaknesses inherited from the
mother.
has been corrupted, medicine, repair) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power
of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or application of the laws to
live by, and their influence on (their capacity to change, and/or transform) what is (was, might,
or will be) occurring.
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) free (unlimited) yet avoiding danger (difficulties,
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) restrained (limited) and/or leading to danger
What comes from (the business, and/or the actions of) the father: poisoned (corrupted).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing with, and/or setting right (correcting, curing, or
restraining) what is (was, might, or will be) corrupted (decayed, sickened, or wasted) by the
father (the ancestor(s), the preceding, or the originating).
In the end there is no blame.
There are minor problems, but no Great trouble.

Perhaps once one will regret that one has (or had) taken upon oneself the task (or duty) to
correct ones fathers' (ancestors', and/or the preceding's) mistakes, but such can hardly be
blamed on one.
Thus, there is (was, might, will, or should be) a little remorse (repentance, regrets, and/or
irritation), but in the end there will not be any Great mistake;
No Great error, and therefore no (Great) blame."
ancestor(s), the preceding, or the originating) is poisoned (corrupted). What comes from "the father"
may concern business, actions, household, heritage, and/or other matters related to male family,
ancestors, closely affiliated people or entities, and/or a "creative" (active, male) force (action) from the
past.
In difference to the situation of line 4, here things are not merely (particularly) dangerous (difficult) to
handle, they are poisonous (corrupting) by nature, no matter what one does. This has an effect on
how things are evolving over time. Here the effect may entail regrets (and/or irritation) to some
(minor) degree, for oneself, and/or for the one or others (and/or what which is) affected by the matter
at hand.
Gathered sources: One (who is like the son, or the officer) is (was, might, or will be) dealing with the

troubles caused by ones father (the ancestor(s), the preceding, or the "one who" or "that which" is
originating, or the "originally creating", or filling).One is (was, might, or will be) feeling one has entered
the work (or domain) of ones father (the ancestor(s), the preceding).
Thus, this line points to problems that have been created at the time the present circumstances or
occurrence came about, and/or because of problems caused by the one who (or that which) has
created them.
the preceding, "one who", or "that which" is originating), there is (was, might, or will be) a little
remorse (regrets, and/or irritation). Yet there is no great blame.
At the end one will be free of blame, since no one can blame one to want to correct the mistakes of
ones father, or ancestor(s) (the preceding, the "one(s) who" or "that which" is (are) originating).
This may describe someone who proceeds a little too energetically in righting the mistakes of the
past. Now and then, as a result, minor discords and annoyances will surely develop. But too much
energy is better than too little. Therefore, although he may at times have some slight cause for regret,
he remains free of any serious blame.
In other words: trying too hard or overcompensating (for what was corrupted in the past) may add
irritation to an already existing imbalance. But this is still better than doing too little.
~ Profile
Whenever one tries to make corrections too hastily and with too much intensity, unfavorable reactions
set in. But some corrections need to be made quickly and acting in such a manner is not subject to
great blame. Persons acting thus will tend to be impatient, and intolerant towards those who act in
ignorance or from stupidity, and especially with those who make errors when they should know better.
These persons are clever enough to see what needs to be done, and courageous enough to carry it
out, even when occasionally there is opposition, or when it involves stepping on the toes of others.
When they act for themselves they believe that being right is sufficient in itself.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He is courageous and determined to do what he knows should be
done, with a disregard for consequences, either for himself or for others involved along the way. He
readily rectifies his own mistakes, and those of others. He will have strong friends and strong
enemies, and will have a good and auspicious life, without losses.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be courageous and effective, but will face many
hardships early in life. Conditions will improve slowly later.
Analyze and correct one's own mistakes.
Do not correct mistakes too hastily nor with too much intensity, or an unfavorable reaction will set in.

4
has been corrupted, medicine, repair) (as) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones
Decay (corruption, poison, work on what has been corrupted, medicine, repair) is (was, might,
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) well directed (stable), the results will be good, and
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) confused (unstable), the results will be bad, and
What comes from (the business, and/or the actions of) the father: bathing (abundantly) in
poison.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a son (or an officer) who is viewing
indulgently, and/or tolerating the troubles caused by his father (the ancestor(s), the preceding,
or the originating), and/or not dealing with them in the right way (in a way that is good, light,
creative, proactive).
In continuing (maintaining things) one sees humiliation;

If one (were to) go forward, one will find cause to regret it."
ancestor(s), the preceding, or the originating) is "bathing" (abundantly) in poison. This makes it
particularly dangerous (difficult, incalculable) to handle, and/or means one is (already) affected by the
poison it is bathing in. It does not necessarily mean that all (that comes through the father) is
poisoned (corrupted), just that the issue at hand is bathing in it, which brings danger.
What comes from "the father" may concern business, actions, household, heritage, and/or other
matters related to male family, ancestors, closely affiliated people or entities, and/or a "creative" force
(action) from the past.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a son (or an officer) who is tolerating the troubles
caused by his father (the ancestor(s), the preceding, or the originating), and/or not dealing with them
in the right way (in a way that is good, light, creative, proactive).
This means that to remedy things (and/or work on what has been corrupted), one must resolutely
move away from the way things have been done before, and/or stop giving support to (and/or indulge
in) what gave the presently occurring problems (that which has been corrupted) in the first place. This
may mean that one must give up vested interests (as built up in the past) and/or methods or ideas
that are obsolete (outdated), and/or it may mean that one is not serious (and/or aware) enough in
dealing with the occurring corruption.
The way to deal with the situation at hand is indicated by hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the
Stillness), line 4: one should still ones "torso", and reconsider things in stillness (to understand what
must be done), with a heart that is quiet (rested, stilled, peaceful).
Gathered sources: One (who is like the son, or the officer) is (was, might, or will be) viewing
indulgently the troubles caused by ones father (the ancestor(s), the preceding, the originating, that
which is at the origin, the ruler): if one go forward, one will not succeed, and find cause to regret it.
This shows the situation of someone too weak to take measures against decay (and/or corruption)
that has its roots in the past and is (just beginning) to manifest itself. It is allowed to run its course. If

this continues, humiliation will result.
Thus, the appearance of this line may be a warning that if one is (was, might, or will be)
procrastinating or avoiding to take the (right, adequate) measures that are required against what is
corrupt (and that may therefore bring misfortune and/or evil), this will surely lead to regret.
~ Profile
The controlling line here is a weak line in a weak position, indicating that these persons have neither
the strength nor the ability to correct the decay and corruption they see. Such persons are wise
enough to discern difficulties and errors, and may bring them to the attention of others. They will talk
about them freely, but cannot shoulder their own responsibility in connection with them. They are
mentally, morally, and physically weak and lazy. They let things run their own course if others do not
take action.
Most auspicious (in the best case): Although talented, he is easily dispirited and lacking in fortitude.
He will not have any major achievements.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is lackadaisical, jealous and suspicious, with many
vacillations and worries. He may be successful in small matters, but cannot handle big enterprises.
Weakness in correcting mistakes is disastrous.
Being lackadaisical and weak about the making of corrections will lead to difficulties. Study matters
thoroughly.

5
has been corrupted, medicine, repair) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in,
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) supportive (sympathetic) and/or overcoming

will be advantage.
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) authoritarian (repressive) and/or foolish (ignorant,
lacking experience, impractical), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
What comes from (the business, and/or the actions of) the father: poisoned (corrupted).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing with, or setting right (correcting, curing, or
restraining) what has been (is, might, or will be) corrupted (decayed, sickened, or wasted) by
the father (the ancestor(s), the preceding, or the originating).
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) using (and/or obtaining) eulogies
(words and/or actions of praise, comments, formulas, and/or proceedings), thus using (and/or
obtaining) the fit instrument for ones (or its) work (purpose).
It is (was, might, will be) the way to lay the corruption (decay, sickness, or waste) of the father
(the ancestor(s), the preceding, or the originating) at rest (to get rid of it, restraining, and
curing).
Doing this will be met with praise."
ancestor(s), the preceding, or the originating) is poisoned (corrupted). What comes from "the father"
may concern business, actions, household, heritage, and/or other matters related to male family,
ancestors, closely affiliated people or entities, and/or a "creative" (active, male) force (action/actions)
from the past.
In difference to the situation of line 4, here things are not merely (particularly) dangerous (difficult,
incalculable) to handle, they are poisonous (corrupting), no matter what one does. This has an effect
on how things are evolving over time.
The way to remedy things is by using words (and/or eulogies), and/or by applying the properties of
the wood (the wind), the lower trigram, i.e. that which is softly penetrating and organizing and/or
confusing (an organism, the legal system). In some cases, this line may be a call to handle things in
such a way, and/or may call things into question from that angle.
An alternative translation for the ancient Chinese pictogram for yu , used for "eulogies" or "praise", is
"cart". From this, one can gather the idea that in order to remedy things, one should use words
(and/or eulogies) that can "move" things (ideas, developments, people) like a cart (a wagon).
Depending on the context, this may (also) refer to legal procedures.
Gathered sources: In a general way, this points to a situation where one is (still) burdened by the
past. This must be handled (resolved) first. [JLK: If this line occurs after such a situation has been
resolved, then this is good]
One (who is like the son, or the officer) is (was, might, or will be) dealing with the troubles caused by
ones father (the ancestor(s), the preceding, or the "one who" or "that which" is originating, or the
"originally creating", or filling). One is (was, might, or will be) feeling one has entered the work (or
domain) of ones father (or ancestor(s)).

Thus, this line points to problems that have been created at the time the present circumstances or
occurrence came about, and/or because of problems caused by the one who (or that which) has
created them.
the preceding, "one who", or "that which" is originating), one is (was, might, or will be) obtaining
praise: one is responded to by the subject of the second line, with all ones virtue.
This may indicate (some-) one is (was, might, or will be) confronted with corruption (decay, poison,
sickness, or waste) originating from neglect in former times. One lacks the power to ward it off alone,
but with able helpers (or means) one can at least bring about a thorough reform (if one can not create
a new beginning), as this also is praiseworthy.
Reform is (was, might, or will be) leading to hearty (although yet still hidden) approval from (and met
with hidden praise by) friends, associates, relatives, or colleagues, who may find relief through (or
because of) it.
This is a time to go on with endeavors (that have already been started), or to undertake (begin)
something new.
The rightness of this weak (yin, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, yielding, and open) line is
expressed by the fact that it is in the middle of the upper trigram the mountain (the immobile, stacked,
pushed around, and growing tough, the piece of information).
The fact that this line is at the top of the inner trigram the thunder, indicates action that is sudden
(fearful, shocking, or with impact) which may (yet) be connected with difficulties (peril, or danger).
~ Profile
Wise, energetic, courageous, patriotic and loyal persons who carry out the will of their leader, and
who govern enterprises, government agencies, or political parties, judiciously and effectively, are
depicted here. To such persons the successful accomplishment of their mission, especially in those
matters which benefit a great number of people, is far more important than any gain or personal
reward that might be attainable. They are truly altruistic and unselfish.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be far superior to the average person, possessing great
virtue, talent and personality. He will establish great merit in the world, and have a beneficial and
richly rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a superior man, and effective, but only in a local way.
Restoring decayed conditions is beneficial.
Taking the initiative to bring about reforms, including organizing the help of others for this purpose,
wins praise.

6
has been corrupted, medicine, repair) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) wise (correct), and if its application is right, the
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) unwise (flawed), and/or if its application is wrong,
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not serving Kings nor princes, but setting ones aims
higher. Such an attitude may be taken as a model.
JLK: An inferior one can not attain this, tends to be unable to improve his ways even slightly
(with consideration towards the others), and tends to prefer setting his aims low.
Those who choose to serve what is small (weak, inferior, evil), will (with, and/or through time)
be brought down by what is even smaller."
JLK: Under the presently occurring circumstances, what is at the center of the matter at hand is (was,
will, or should be) not the business of Kings, nor princes, nor even a family matter (per se). What is at
stake is (or should be) (as) the business of the very highest (in man, the Universe, God), and/or of the
highest moral (spiritual, ethical, logical, and/or objective) order.
Since this concerns the interest of what is highest (in man, the Universe), and/or most logically
(objectively) practical, no amount of poison (as such) can be tolerated. The occurrence of this line
may indicate that the one at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, will, or should be)
showing to be serving such high standards, working for no personal gain (devoid of self-serving
egotism, of intention to harm, and/or other forms of pettiness), or conversely, it may indicate that such
is not occurring and/or seriously lacking, and/or that one should (continue) focus on serving "what is
highest" (Great, strong, right, loving).
If the one (or those) at the center of the matter at hand is (are) not (choosing to be) serving the very
highest (Great, strong, right, loving), then those who are (or that which is) low (small, weak, wrong,
hateful) will bring him (them) down.
Thus, by serving what is high (superior, strong, right, loving, good), one will be increased
(strengthened) by it sooner or later, even if it may look as if one is being set-back (being at a
disadvantage, encountering difficulties) for only a while, and even if it seems a long time.
By serving what is low (inferior, weak, wrong, hateful, evil), one will be degraded (weakened) by it,
sooner or later, even if it may look as if one is winning (finding advantage, avoiding difficulties) for (not
longer than) a while, and even if it may seem a long time.
Gathered sources: One does not serve either King (prince) or feudal lord: ones aim may (or should)
be a model to others.
What one serves is (was, might, will, or should be of an) even more superior (purpose, or goal), as
one responds in accordance with (what one perceives as being) the will of Heaven.
On one hand this may depict (some-) one who responds to the superior purpose (and will) of Heaven.
It may also mean that during the endeavor, or moving, one should not let ones (own) affairs
unattended, or risk poisoning them (while being carried away in ones purpose, or while being
influenced by the rule of what is as a (foreign) King, prince, feudal lord, or other kind of ruler).
On the other hand, this may depict a small person (weak, receptive, or passive person) who, while
(only) attending to his own affairs, should (was, might, or will have to) set his aim in accordance with

the (higher, and superior) will of Heaven. Then, this line indicates that at the beginning (at present,
under the occurring circumstances) there was (is, might, or will be) a lack in this (i.e. one is not
according ones actions to the will of Heaven).
Not everyone (human) has an obligation to mingle in the affairs of the world (of the others, the people,
the crowds, and the material (comforts) as the world may offer). There are some who are developed
to such a degree that they are justified in letting the world go its own way, and in refusing to enter
public life with a view of reforming it, instead, preferring to go a way that one feels more, or better
suited to, and in accordance with the will of Heaven (due to the corruption encountered being too
vast, or deeply rooted).
Thus, such a withdrawal ("leaving" the world "untouched", and pursuing ones own aims and affairs)
does not imply a right to remain idle, or to sit back and merely criticize. It is only justified when one
strives to realize in oneself (or ones purpose) the higher aim of mankind (Greatness, and wisdom).
For although the sage, wise, and holy one, remains distant from the turmoil of daily life, he is (was,
might, or will be) (thus) creating incomparable, and incalculable human values for the future.
~ Profile
Self-correction and self-improvement at the highest levels are indicated. The results are not used
selfishly, nor in public affairs, but rather for universal matters and goals. Such persons have
progressed beyond participation in the mundane, and will live in relative seclusion while working for
the benefit of mankind.
Most auspicious (in the best case): Although he is noble, talented and dynamic, with great virtue, he
will live and work creatively in seclusion, rather than engage in public affairs. His efforts will benefit
mankind as a whole.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is also a man of high virtue and noble character who prefers
to follow his own way, apart from the customs and practices of ordinary life. He will derive much
satisfaction from his work.
Work for universal goals.
Develop and improve yourself spiritually, and take actions for the benefit of mankind.

Hexagram 19, the Approaching (Moving Towards, the Anticipating)
- Lin (Lin)
The theme of this hexagram is the approaching of what is high and what is low, like the approaching
of those in society who belong to the higher classes towards those of the lower classes.
The Image says:
"the approaching; the moving towards someone or something; the anticipating; the new;
the (one) who is approaching what will be new; the aptitude to deal with what is new:
The ocean under the earth.

Hidden, within, under, opened, and aroused as well as restrained by the earth lies an ocean.
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) inexhaustible in his purpose and will
to teach, and not restrained by any limits in order to support, protect, show, and nourish the
people.
JLK: He is (was, might, will, or should be) doing this, so that what the people will manifest and
what will eventually (in due time) be approaching will be good and fortunate.
The Great Man will be inexhaustible in the ways his purpose will be manifested.
His works (and/or life) will teach, and nourish the people."
JLK: Hex. 19, the Approaching (Moving Towards, the Anticipating), shows the image of a massive
ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence,
fertility, wetness, swamps) within (and/or under) the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open,
female, dark). The wetness of the ocean nourishes (shapes) the earth, while doing this as from the
inside. This gives the idea of one who is (or that which is) wealthy (resourceful, talented) approaching
those who are (or that which is) small (weak, inferior), yet who are in a superior (stronger, higher,
more prominent, and/or more advantageous) position.
When one is approaching, sooner or later one is dealing with a closing of the roads (reversing, and/or
returning), as described by inner hex. 24, the Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of the
Roads).
The image of a vast ocean occurring below (within, under) the earth, also gives the idea of riches,
wealth, and/or resources contained within the earth. This is similar to the situation in hex. 15, Hidden
Richness (the Modesty, Hidden Qualities), where there is a mountain hidden within the earth. In hex.
15 the "wealth" has the form of what is stacked up and grown tough, like a mountain. In hex. 19 the
"wealth" is fluid, like a reservoir of water, oil, or gas. It offers opportunity to exchange. Due to how
force is stalled (pacified) and gathered within the earth, if accessed properly, it will have an upward
dynamic due to the pressure below and around the reservoir, or due to the conditions (such as a hot,
and/or gaseous nature) of what it contains. It can hold the idea of an underground (subterranean)
lake.
Gathered sources: The earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) restrains and
hides the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement,

decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) from above, from the exterior. This is like the superior person
approaching, and (con-) descending to those below.
What is below will end up allowing for the release or projection of what is of a dark, receptive or small
nature at a higher location. That is why the situation depicted by this hexagram will involve the efforts
and input from what is light and creative, as well as what is earthy, and receptive. This is depicted by
the lower inner trigram, the thunder, occurring at intermediate level.
The immeasurable depths of the ocean depict the inexhaustibleness of the seeker's energy and
readiness to teach, and share the wealth, the joy, the happiness or the sadness.
Like the earth being vast and limitless, carrying all beings - as well the good as the evil - the wise,
sage, and holy one supports and saves all of humanity, without making any exception in consideration
of characteristic differences.
If the superior one is inexhaustible in his will to teach, to protect, and to do what is right, then surely,
the opposite: the evil person with the will to destroy, is also occurring, but (yet, still) undercover, as
indicated by the earth trigram, (appearing twice in the upper position (the upper trigram and the
upper inner trigram).
The two trigrams of this hexagram can also be seen as the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange,
wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps)
supporting the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). This is a good
combination, for the moisture rising from (the conditions of) the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange,
wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) nourishes
the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark), and brings forth (approaching,
close, near, or new) life.
The original Chinese name for this hexagram "lin", means "arriving", "approaching", "coming near to",
"on the point of", "being amicable (friendly)", "descending", or "condescending". It has a vast set of
meanings of which these are selected.
"Lin", therefore indicates (recognizes, and acknowledges) the critical point of (a) new arrival, when
forces and beings sparkle with the first contact of union. It is this (kind of) interaction between
individuals, groups, and even whole societies that is represented by the dynamics of this hexagram. It
can therefore indicate a new, although exciting ("thunderous") relationship. But one must be aware
that there can (might, or will) be testing times (in the "8th month", September / October - see the text
of the Judgment), and such union (approach, or new relation) needs to (or already has) set itself
(certain specific) achievable goals (or targets).
The simplicity of the language (images, and experiences) of what occurs under the constellation of
this hexagram, Lin, is in a strict contrast with the complexity of the management of (approaching,
new) affairs, and, as such, allows for (a temporary) simplicity in what occurs. Thus, here, simplicity
may bring confusion, but it establishes (temporary) ease as well.
The original ancient Chinese ideogram for "lin" shown in the "site of Yin" text consists of three
characters: On the left occurs "zhen" (ch'en), which may be seen as representing "the leader", and/or
"a minister" (counselor, or advisor), or "the one in charge", and (who is, was, might, or will be the)
assistant of a ruler.
On the right occurs "pin" (p'in), which on one hand indicates "three mouths", and on the other hand
indicates the difference of birth, position and status.
Above (over) "pin" (the "three mouths"), occurs the character "ho", which depicts (a kind of) roof.
In some writings it is drawn as a protecting tree, or "beam" bending over "pin", which (then, also)
stands for unification (assembling) and harmony.
Thus, then "lin" can also stand for the friendly treating of the different classes (of beings, in status and

position). One can see it as depicting "the leader" who is (was, might, or will be) seeking to bring
some order, or unity, to the diverse opinions of the group (-members).
A warning attached to this may be that one should cherish (and maintain) old friendships, and not
throw away, or destroy what one has built up during a long time with others. It is important to be mild,
open, forgiving, and tolerant towards those who are near to one in ones life (or existence). Only if one
will make the effort to work out problems with ones friends (and near ones) thoroughly, may one avoid
much misfortune and disasters in the future.
The Judgment says:
"Approaching, moving towards someone or something, anticipating, what is new, one who is
approaching what will be new, an aptitude to deal with what is new:
Under the conditions these describe there will be Great progress and success.
To show to have the capacity to lead, will bring success.

Beginning, a sacrificial offering, or an occasion: it is advantageous (profitable) to be
persevering, anticipating and to do the divination.
To continue until the 8th month [September / October] might (will) bring misfortune.
Then, misfortune will occur in (reaching) the 8th month [September / October]."
Gathered sources: It is good to look and act ahead of what will, or might happen.
Action can (might, will, or should) not be prolonged (going on, or continued). The time frame within
which things will (and should) occur (or be rounded off) is (was, might, or will be) "7 months" ("7
hours", or "7"). Here, the warning is that approach and arrival must be completed in that period. There
might be (is, was, or will be) misfortune (peril, danger, or difficulties) in (reaching) the 8th month
(September / October, the "8th hour", or "8th).
It will be critical to persist in rightness all along, and to round things off with good etiquette, form and
intentions, protecting all parties involved. Then in the 8th month [September / October] this will offer
the required (appropriate) openness for new things (to grow) (evolution).
Several meanings of "Lin", include: approaching what will be new, to grow. That which is growing is
depicted by the two strong (yang) lines, growing upwards from the bottom. They indicate the
expansion and coming up of the energies of what is light (active, and creative). As the energies of the
light are expanding, something is approaching. What is approaching is firm, strong, creative, and of a
superior nature, as opposed to what is small, earthly, dark and receptive. Thus, this is a different kind
of growth than those of hex. 3, the Difficulties at the Beginning (the Time to Grow, the Growing Pains),
and hex. 46, Rising (Growing Upwards, Ascending).
This growth is associated with the image of a superior man (or human), (con-) descending towards
the crowds, who will make things happen, or evolve.
Still, the superiority lies in the firmness, the strength, and the creativity, which will naturally result in
having the capacity to lead. If the creativity or energy of that which is creative (active, strong,
righteous, loving) would grow out of control, and/or be led by what is inferior (depicted by the upper
trigram, the earth) there will be misfortune.
This hexagram pictures a period full of progress, growth, and happy hopes. Spring is upcoming. The
joy and the easiness of the mood work together, and operate a contact and gathering together
between what is high and low, Great and small, superior and inferior.
Success will be certain. It is the nature of this period. But, spring does not last forever. Around the 8th
month [September - October] the present situation will have turned around fully into its opposite. The

two strong lines will have approached the first full stage of the new situation, and will have stopped
moving or progressing, and have stopped to grow. They will start to go back ( wards), to recede, to
withdraw, or to be decreasing.
It is of a major importance to adequately consider this change of developments (in the 8th month, 8th
hour, or "8th"), and to be considering it in time (now!).
The misfortune occurs because what will be created might (is to, or will) cause there being no (full)
freedom of action, or freedom to decide, due to its need for care and protection, which will (then)
allow it to be fueled with (harmonious) love, and to become "alive" and creative (as) by itself.
To stop the creative energy, and growing forces of misfortune and (thus) evil, before it will manifest
(as by) itself, even before it can start at its lowest level, means one will succeed in mastering the
present situation.
This hexagram is strongly linked to the twelfth month [January - February]. After the winter solstice,
the energy of the light is increasing and growing.
Commentary
This hexagram, which depicts a huge reservoir of water under the earth, is linked with the twelfth
month [January - February], when after the winter solstice, the energy of the light is increasing and
growing and a new year and conditions of renewal are approaching.
The lower trigram, Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and
openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) also indicates joy, and its movement is
upward toward Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) here also
indicating the people, which is a trigram that tends to move downwards.
A third symbol of approach is in the depiction of the time of the year when the Yang is trying to enter
from the bottom and push upward. This is augmented by the lower inner trigram, Zhen, the thunder
(arousal, shock, movement, consequences) which indicates movement and which is pushing upward
into, and blending with Kun, the people, the upper trigram.
Since the reservoir is huge, this indicates inexhaustible nourishment for the earth and the people,
from those who (or that which) dispense it.
~ Profile
Thus the persons symbolized here have great strength and depth, and are willing to teach, care for
and support others. The persons described by the three lower lines are rising to power and
influencing those above them, while those described by the upper three lines use their strength
primarily in support of those below them.
Since the reservoir is huge, this indicates inexhaustible nourishment for the earth and the people,
from those who dispense it. Nothing hinders these persons in the caring for and protection of the
people. Such a time is truly great.
"In the eight month" [September - October] cautions one to remember that the law of change is
always operative.
Those born in the twelfth month [January - February] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: Approaching (moving towards someone or something, anticipating, approaching what

will be new, the aptitude to deal with what is new, and/or varied) is (was, might, will, or should
Everything (all) is coming towards one.

Everyone draws near; All arrive; There is (was, might, or will be) a joint approach.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) approaching telepathically (and/or in an
extra-sensorial way).
Righteous firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination will bring fortune!"
JLK: The occurring approach is that of the Great Man (the superior, the strong) moving from a lower
position towards the small (the inferior, the weak, the female, the receptive) being at a high position,
in a way that is (was, might, will, or should be) righteous and balanced (without intimidation or
arrogance).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) approaching intuitively (in an extra-sensorial way,
and/or telepathically).
Conversely, this line may be a call to question if indeed "everything" (all) is coming towards one (as
may be required for the matter at hand), or on the contrary, if there may be too much coming towards
one, the excess of which could cost one in another domain. In the first case one may have to do more
effort(s), in the second case one may have to restrain things.
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will be) approaching, considering, or advancing while joining
(joined), or unifying (unified). This is much like what is occurring in the 2nd line, but here one is still in
the process of determining the right course and holding on to it (i.e. persevering).
There is (was, might, or will be) fortune, because ones will is being (was, might, or will be) fulfilled in a
virtuous way.
Progress is made when all who are concerned coordinate their efforts (or when all that is concerned
is coordinated appropriately). This may occur as a joint approach (coordinated), or as an approach
that is mutual (from both/all sides).
Under the occurring circumstances, it is (was, might, or will be) imperative that one hold firmly onto
ones values (rules, or principles).
The fact that the approach is joint (or mutual) contains the idea of stimulus. Having been called in,
what is symbolized by this line seeks to influence the weak line in the second place (i.e. a strong yang
line in a weak place). But its will is to act correctly, since it is strong in a strong place.
This may concern a situation where the good begins to prevail and to find response in influential
circles. This in turn is an incentive to men of ability.
It is well to join an upward trend, but we must not let ourselves be carried away by the current of the
time. We must adhere perseveringly (with anticipation, and/or by doing the divination) to what is right.

This brings good fortune.
General comment
Lines 1 and 2 work together, cooperating in their movement upwards. They are thus far stronger and
more effective in their total effort than if working on their own. It is the work of the positive and the
creative for the purpose of establishing good.
~ Profile
These are the teachers in all walks of life who help, guide, support, protect and care for others at all
levels. Some of them may be teachers by profession. There will be many levels of attainment among
these people.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a widely talented man, of great virtue. He will exercise
modesty, sagacity and respectfulness and will show mercy and love to all. He will be a noble
character, cultivating himself and others continuously. He will be a blessing to many, and will
accomplish worthwhile projects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a just and upright man, desirous of helping others, but
effective only on a local basis.
Cooperate wherever you are.
Commencing activity in cooperation with others of like mind, and persevering to completion, brings
good fortune.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) approaching (moving towards someone
or something, anticipating, approaching what will be new, the aptitude to deal with what is
new, and/or varied) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate,
and/or regional).
Approaching (moving towards someone or something, anticipating, approaching what will be

new, the aptitude to deal with what is new, and/or varied) is (was, might, or will be) occurring
will be advantage.
Everything (all) is coming towards one.

Everyone draws near; All arrive; There is (was, might, will, or should be) a joint approach.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) approaching telepathically (and/or in an
extra-sensorial way).
Fortune!
Nothing is disadvantageous; There is (was, might, or will be) no disadvantage in any way.
Without question this is for everyone's good.
JLK: The Great Man will make sure that all and everyone will manifest what will be good and
fortunate;
When he sees that some (people, things) are unwilling (not cooperating), he will arrange
things so that it doesn't matter."
JLK: The occurring approach is like that of a capable minister serving a tender yet dignified and
moderate ruler.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) approaching intuitively (in an extra-sensorial way,
and/or telepathically).
Conversely, this line may be a call to question if indeed, "everything" (all) is coming towards one, as
may be required for the matter at hand. One may have to do more effort(s) for this.
Alternatively and conversely, this line may indicate that one has done a substantial effort to approach
(the other), but little or nothing (that would be rewarding) is coming back in return. While this is
unfortunate, the superior one will arrange things so that it doesn't matter. The exchange that is
occurring here will produce more favorable results at a later stage.
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will be) approaching, considering, or advancing while joining
(joined), or unifying (unified). This is like what is occurring in the 1st line, but with more good fortune
and even better results.
Yet still, what occurs indicates a certain disobedience. Often, a certain degree of independent action
and/or choice is the key to success. To achieve this, one has to be capable of setting ones own
course, steering by ones own power and deviating from the standard path (i.e. by "disobeying").
Nevertheless, here, solidarity and resoluteness are the (secret, hidden, covered and/or restrained)

virtues that bring the fortune.
Yet, by not giving in (yielding) to obsessions (or manias), it be ones own and/or that of others,
everyone will admire one for this.
When the stimulus to approach (to move towards something or someone) comes from a high place (it
be spiritually or wordly), and when one has the inner strength and consistency that need no
admonition, good fortune will ensue. Nor need the future cause any concern.
One is well aware that everything earthly is transitory, and that descent follows upon every rise, but
need not be confused by this universal law of fate. Everything serves to further. Therefore one will
travel the paths of life swiftly, honestly, and valiantly.
General comment
Line 2 is the leader of the united approach of lines 1 and 2, but is a strong line in a weak place and
hence not as favorable as line 1, yet quite strong and active. As the leader and the more advanced
this person has greater and more important matters to deal with than his partner, but some opposition
is indicated. His principal characteristics are wisdom, courage and fortitude.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be diligent and will cultivate intelligence and virtue,
following the right path and the golden mean. He will be able to control violence and correct it with
humaneness. He is easily able to cope with adverse situations and conditions. He desires to establish
good, and 1n leave the world in a better state than that in which he finds it.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a fine and worthy person with much courage and
a strong personality. He will advance household and external enterprises propitiously and profitably.
Be progressive in your activities.
Keep activities correct. Apply the law of change and fate can be overcome.

3
new, and/or varied) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement),
ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or application of the laws to live by, and their
occurring.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) wanting to approach (consider, advance,
or go on), but finding nothing towards which it would be advantageous to go to (or finding no
way, or path that would be advantageous to follow, or pursue).
One can not be blamed for grieving over this.
JLK: Misfortune, but one need not remain with it.

If one gets over it, and return inward, new roads open."
JLK: The fact that there is (was, might, or will be) misfortune (if one go one in the direction being
considered for the matter at hand, or until that point), but that "one need not remain with it", points to
the fact that there is no use denying an opportunity is lost, yet it need not hold one back to further
explore other possibilities. Therefore: "if one gets over it, and return inward (re-centering before
returning outwards), new roads open."
Gathered sources: One finds nothing towards which it would be advantageous to go to. That this is
occurring, is indicated by the unfavorable, inopportune position of the line.
One should be cautious (apprehensive, and on the alert). The situation is (was, might, or will be) very
difficult (dangerous).
If one is really displeased with the occurring situation (if it is really a problem), then after having
grieved over what is occurring one will (or might) find a solution to it soon (in a short time, or other
way), acting in the proper way.
This line may hold the warning that one should not become aloof and/or take things for granted. One
must check this tendency before it may undermine a good relationship.
This may concern a situation where things are going well for someone: one achieves power and
influence. But in this lies the danger that one may relax, and confident of ones position, allow the
easygoing, careless mood to show itself in ones dealings with other people (or matters). This would
inevitably be harmful.
But there is a possibility of a change of mood. If one regrets ones mistaken attitude and feels the
responsibility of an influential position, one frees oneself of faults.
JLK: The way to remedy the situation is to center oneself, and repose in oneself, restraining ones
desire for gratification (joy, pleasure, wealth), as described in the 3rd line of hex. 58, the Ocean (the
Exchange, the Joy and Sadness).

General comment
The position of this line is such that the way seems clear ahead. One has the upward support of the
Yang line underneath. However, one has to heed the admonitions mentioned (in the preceding text).
~ Profile
These persons recognize that there are many ways to go and innumerable things to be done. This
can easily produce over-confidence, along with careless and relaxed moods in dealing with others. It
is not advantageous to set forth on matters relating to approach with such attitudes. Reflection
permits one to select a firm goal and a straight course and to act in a manner which frees one from
error.
Regrettably this is a weak line in a strong position, so great things are not accomplished. These
persons will be knowledgeable in their fields, and will be able to communicate well with others,
especially in imparting their knowledge.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will know how to correct and compensate for losses and
mistakes. He will be a capable guide but not too strong in leadership. He will have a good position,
such as being a director in the educational field, or some other major enterprise.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will use his knowledge and talents for evil purposes. He will
use flattery, and become a confidence trickster, cheating people. In later life he will reap just reward
for his efforts, by experiencing many setbacks and considerable sorrow.
Observe warning signs and be cautious when caution is indicated.
The situation is not right for advancing. Pause and reflect. The right way will make itself known
intuitively.

4
new, and/or varied) (as) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones
Approaching (moving towards someone or something, anticipating, approaching what will be

new, the aptitude to deal with what is new, and/or varied) is (was, might, will, or should be)
reliability).
One (what is occurring) is (was, might, will, or should be) in a state of intimate (close, mature,
aware) approach.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) going to the very end, and all is (was, or will be) well
Approaching, considering, or advancing in the highest mode!

The approach is complete, and appropriate.
No blame. There will be no mistake; No error. No bad omens."
Gathered sources: All now is (was, might, or will be) going well.
The ancient Chinese pictogram used for "intimate", "zhi" - describing the nature of the occurring
approach - originally meant going from a higher position to a lower one, as when the one who is
above (at a higher position) is approaching and accommodating one who is below (at a lower
position). It indicates a friendly contact with those below. This is a genial, intimate and mature (aware)
approach.
JLK: Nevertheless, since this is a yin line, those who are superior (strong, Great) and who are
approaching those who are inferior (weak, small), may experience some smallness (weakness,
darkness, evil), which they may not be accustomed to. Yet since the approach is entirely appropriate,
nothing bad should remain of it, if one respects a reasonable (mature, aware) and righteous line of
conduct.
This line is the unifying line between the trigrams.
Whereas the lower three lines indicate the rise to power and influence, the three upper lines show the
influence of those superior onto those below, to whom they procure influence, authority or power.
Here, there is an open minded, neutral (righteous) approach of a person of higher rank to a man of
ability whom he draws into his own circle, regardless of prejudice (class-prejudice, or other). This is
very favorable
An advice to take from this is that when one is helping or serving (and/or dealing with) others less
capable (or a "lower", inferior, or weaker aspect of oneself), it will be advantageous to only set limits
and criteria according to their (ones) abilities and principles.
General comment
The upper trigram, Kun, has the tendency to sink, thus symbolizing that the approach of these

persons will be carried out by using their power and strength to influence those below them. Hence a
mature approach is necessary if no error is to be occasioned.
~ Profile
These persons will be calm, poised, knowledgeable, full of common sense, and possessing a strong
liking for others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of virtue and noble character, in a moderately
high position, and respected by friends and associates. He will find it easy to establish merit in all he
does, and he will be engaged constantly on some worthwhile goal. His life will be full of blessings
and benefits.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be an auspicious person, with few hardships and an
easy life. He has the skill to lead, guide, and associate with others successfully. He may also achieve
fame.
Strive for ever greater maturity.
One knows exactly what to do and should do it.

5
new, and/or varied) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words
(expressions, orders), and/or through (in, with) the way things are managed (at large) by the

advantage.
The wise (and/or intelligent) approach of a great king (fair authorities, and/or a fair ruling
consensus). Good fortune.
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) a wise (and/or intelligent) way of approaching
(moving towards someone or something), considering, and/or advancing.
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) the advance (the moving) of wisdom, such as
befits a Great ruler.
Thus, knowledge (understanding, experience) is (was, might, will, or should be) arriving
(approaching, or coming near).
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) drawing near (approaching) to undertake
the sacrifice to the earthly (the female, small, weak, receptive, or open) because it is
considered worthy (of it), to a certain degree.
This is (was, or will be) good.

There will be good fortune!"
Gathered sources: Though in somewhat different words, this (basically) says: keep to the middle
(when solving things).
JLK: Sometimes one should use conventional solutions, at other times one should use less
conventional ones. What matters is that the approach (moving towards someone and/or something)
occurs in the most appropriate (wise, intelligent, supportive, and/or practical) way for the occasion.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) sensible, and giving authority (guidance) to those who deserve
it, and all will go well. Others may not deserve it, but may need to be brought to their senses, and/or
simply put: some may need to be put "in their place", as lovingly and appropriately as possible.
Gathered sources: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) action befitting a Great and wise
leader that results in good fortune.
This yin line (weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, yielding, or open) occurs at the center of the
upper trigram the earth, which amplifies its (yin) nature, as well as its "massiveness", and
appropriateness.
It is at the top of the inner trigram the thunder (the awakening, the arousal, the shock, the impact, the
fear, the excitement), and can therefore (also) be indicating sudden action (awakening, fearful, or
exciting) as well as the occurrence of (certain) difficulties (perils, or dangers).
It may therefore indicate wisdom and knowledge, as related to how to deal with difficulties (perils, or
dangers).

JLK: The fact that this concerns a situation where one is (was, might, will, or should be) dealing with
difficulties, is indicated by the image of the the Great Man drawing near (approaching) "to undertake
the sacrifice to the earthly (the female, small, weak, receptive, or open) because it is considered
worthy of it". Here the earthly (the female, small, weak, receptive, or open) is worthy to a certain
degree (of the sacrifice of the Great Man), but it's still not to be mistaken for what is light (male, great,
strong, active, or firm), so the Great Man (the King) must always remain on guard for any amount of
negativity that it can release.
~ Profile
All the noble and virtuous qualities, of wisdom, justice and executive ability, thought to have been held
and exercised by the three early Emperors, Fu Hsi, Shen Nung and Huang- Ti, can be assigned to
persons with this controlling line. One of their highest attributes is their ability to choose proper
subordinates, and rule expertly and beneficially through the delegation of authority, while retaining full
responsibility.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He enjoys association with persons of virtue and distinction, as
well as keeping abreast with the needs of the people. He is a modest, clever, philosophical, virtuous
and honest man, respected by rulers, leaders and the people alike. He will have a high position of
authority, probably in the government.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have similar qualities to the most auspicious, but not in
such a high degree.
When in positions of authority, behave in a kingly manner.
A wise ruler or leader is indicated. Take actions in a kingly manner, obeying the golden mean.
new, and/or varied) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom,
Heaven's law).
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (like) a grand way of approaching (moving
towards someone or something, anticipating, approaching what will be new, the aptitude to
deal with what is new, and/or varied), considering, and/or advancing.
In that case there will be good fortune, and no mistake; No error."
Gathered sources: The fortune occurs thanks to hiding (or holding back) ones intentions (purpose,
goal, or aim), and - for the time (or for a while) - working together with others who might think

differently about things (doing, and/or considering things in a different way).
A sage who has put the world behind him and who in spirit has already withdrawn from life may, under
certain circumstances, decide to return once more to the here and now, and approach other men.
This means great good fortune for the men whom he teaches and helps. And for him this
greathearted humbling of himself is blameless.
This line may point to a situation where a special opportunity arises when someone (or those) with
vast experience offers to share what he knows and understands, selflessly.
JLK: If this is the only strong line obtained for this hexagram, the inner trigram results in hex. 24, the
Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of the Roads), with line 6, which shows how one risks
being off target and/or missing the meaning of (some form of) return (reversal). By holding back,
and/or showing some reserve (either way), this will be advantageous.
Alternatively, additionally, and/or conversely, since the text mentions "a grand way of approaching"
(doing things), the occurrence of this line may hold the warning that if one is not approaching (doing
things) in a "grand" way, one can not obtain the fortune one is (was, might, or will be) hoping for, or
only to a small extent. This will especially be the case as related to returning and/or reversing.
~ Profile
The persons depicted here are beyond striving for the physical nourishment, support and care of
others, and are seeking to improve the moral and spiritual values of individuals and the nation. These
persons are wise and use the best means for inculcating these principles, directly or indirectly.
Furthermore, they may take part in public life or be withdrawn, whichever best suits their purposes.
They are unselfish, great-hearted and, magnanimous in their efforts.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a sage person of great virtue, using his abilities wisely
to improve public morality through artistic or professional endeavors, privately or in public.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a sage man of virtue, who may leave his family
for the purpose of accomplishing his mission. He will be reasonably well off financially.
Balance your activities in all departments.
Be unselfish, magnanimous and greathearted. Good fortune will result.

Hexagram 20, the Contemplation (the Guarding, the Vigilance)
- Guan (Kuan)
The theme of this hexagram is contemplating as from a high tower the object of one's quest, ones
kingdom (body), and/or one's life and that of others.
It is also about being on guard, and vigilance, as when surveilling (observing) from a high tree branch
(in the case of birds), or a tower, watching against predators or in order to hunt (and/or control).
The Image says:
"the contemplation; the guarding; the surveillance; the vigilance; avoiding predators:
The wind blowing over the earth.

The wood growing high above the earth; Like a tree.
The earth lying below the wood.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) forced to contemplate (consider) and
reorganize (decide, reassess) what has organically come about (as if) "by itself".
The Great Man will contemplate (inspect, and/or guard) his kingdom (country, body, and/or
"what is his", or the "what was, and what is to be", his works) in order to make certain all and
everyone will be instructed (guided) correctly."
JLK: Hex. 20, the Contemplation (the Guarding, the Vigilance), shows the wood (the wind, the softly
the experience) growing high above the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female,
dark). This is like a tree rising high. One can climb and take position a tree in order to contemplate
(observe, discover, scrutinize, and/or guard) things, and/or to escape from predators that can't climb
in the tree.
Contemplation (guarding, vigilance) will be occurring in (or be closely related to) a context of certain
things falling away and/or to be let go of, as described by the inner hex. 23, the Deterioration (the
Splitting Apart, the Falling Away), even when only temporary.
The image of wind blowing (high) over the earth evokes the image of a bird's eye, or viewing the
earth's surface (and/or what is small, weak, inferior) from an airplane, which makes everything
occurring on the surface look small and/or easy to seize (catch, intercept, understand).
Due to the image's association with a watchtower and/or a bird's eye perspective, this hexagram
represents being on guard, surveillance, and/or vigilance (as when being on guard on a watchtower).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) contemplating so that one can spot and/or anticipate danger
and/or smallness (as symbolized by the earth, the lower trigram). It can represent modern
surveillance technology, appropriate or excessive (in respect of individual freedoms).
The image of the earth (what is small, inferior, weak, bad, open) lying (occurring) below the wood, the
wind (the organism, the softly penetrating and organizing, the justice system) shows how both are
connected, yet existing (occurring) "worlds apart", both operating in their own domain.

Thus, alternatively, this hexagram may indicate how one is (was, might, will, or should be) living in
(and/or experiencing) an entirely different realm (world) than the other(s), even though one is living on
the same surface (earth) and/or connected through it. It might indicate one should question things
from a different, yet higher (superior, righteous) perspective.
Additionally, this hexagram may indicate that one (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be)
taking action (and/or finding a good, superior, position) in order to escape from predators, and/or from
what is small (inferior, weak, evil), and/or from an inferior (weak, bad) way of doing things.
Gathered sources: The shape of the hexagram, suggests (what is like) the image of (an ancient
Chinese) watchtower. Therefore it symbolizes (the contemplating of) the Dao, the way. It underlines
the idea of contemplating, as the Dao represents (what concerns, or relates to) all.
Thus, what matters is not only the one (or that which is) contemplating, or viewing, but also, equally
important, the object of the contemplation: contemplating how those who are (or that which is)
contemplating and those who are (or that which is) contemplated are (or become) one.
The Great Man is he who is contemplating (inspecting, or visiting the numerous districts of) his
kingdom (his country, persona, life, circumstances, the "what is his" and "of the people", or the
crowds, or the "what was, and what is to be", his works) in order to make certain all and everyone will
be instructed correctly. This means all will (come to) perfectly understand what instructions to follow,
and why.
JLK: At the inside (under the surface) there occurs hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the
Falling Away), which shows how things unveil themselves that way, allowing things to be analyzed
(understood), by cutting, and/or letting fall away all that is not essential (and loving). Thus, first one
contemplates, then one analyzes (understands).
The Judgment says:
"Contemplation, guarding, surveillance, vigilance, avoiding predators:
The ablution (cleaning, and/or purification) has been made (done) but not the sacrifice.
One is reverenced (given attention) with sincerity (dedication)."
JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) contemplating (watching), and/or one is (was, might, will,
or should be) contemplated (watched).
In a general way it might indicate one is noticing things (viewing, learning, and/or understanding),
and/or being noticed (in view, learned about, and/or understood).
What will determine the issue at hand, namely the sacrifice (the action, or outcome), has not yet
occurred.
Sincerity will bring reverence. Reverence will bring sincerity.
Gathered sources: This indicates someone who has done "a first step" (a beginning of (completing)
an endeavor), but that the real (or the main part of the) work remains to be done.
The sacrificial ritual in China began with an ablution and a libation by which the Deity was invoked,
after which the sacrifice was offered. The moment of time between these two ceremonies is the most
sacred of all, the moment of deepest inner concentration. If piety is sincere and expressive of real
faith, the contemplation of it has a transforming and awe inspiring effect on those who witness it.

Thus also in nature a holy seriousness is to be seen in the fact that natural occurrences are uniformly
subject to law. Contemplation of the divine meaning underlying the workings of the universe gives to
the man who is called upon to influence others the means of producing similar effects. This requires
that power of inner concentration which religious contemplation develops in great men strong in faith.
It enables them to apprehend the mysterious and divine laws of life, and by means of profoundest
inner concentration they give expression to these laws in their own persons. Thus a hidden spiritual
power emanates from them, influencing and dominating others without their being aware of how it
happens.
Commentary
This hexagram shows Sun, the wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly
organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) which is blowing over
Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). This also represents
"penetration" over (in, of) "people", hence the concept of contemplation, or looking down over the
people to see what effects have been produced. At the same time, the people look up to observe the
manifestations of those above them. The symbol of all this is the ancient sacrifice.
~ Profile
The persons depicted here are found in all walks of life and at various levels of understanding. All of
them have found certain keys to success, i.e. through contemplation of the effects they produce on
those below them and on those above them. It is by these effects that they can judge their success or
failure, and begin to know the seeds of the future.
From these observations they establish rules and guidelines for their actions. They tend to be active,
judicious, courageous, analytical and ambitious, to varying degrees, largely dependent on their
experience and intelligence. They are respected for the successes they attain.
Among the more successful, one will find diplomats, lawyers, doctors, researchers and politicians.
Those born in the eighth month [September - October] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: Contemplation (guarding, surveillance, vigilance, avoiding predators) is (was, might,

will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) of (in, for, at) the feet (in the beginning,
when young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or in the way of (and/or when) moving
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) contemplating (as) (what is at) the feet (and/or what
is occurring at the beginning, when young, early), and/or what is (was, will, or should be) the
way of moving at the beginning (when young, early, ignorant).
This could show what is (was, might, or will be) (as) the looking (observation, contemplation)
of a boy (a child, a young, inexperienced, and/or erratic person, or as occurring at the
earliness of things); This is (was, might, or will be) not blamable in men (or those who are) of
inferior rank, but a matter for regret in superior men (in those who are superior, or Great).
If ordinary (or small) people look at things in a childish way, one can hardly blame them for
this; But if a superior one were to do this (or one who wants to be, or become Great), this
would be regrettable, and very much to be blamed.
JLK: The Great Man, however, always remains without mistakes, and will know what to value
in what is young, as when contemplated when old (at a later stage, at the end).
He will accordingly adapt things so all that need be united (joined), will be united (joined) in
what is right."
Gathered sources: The "looking (observing, contemplating) of a boy (a child, a young, inexperienced,
and/or erratic person, or as occurring at the earliness of things)", indicates the way of the inferior
people (those who are small, weak, and/or evil), and/or of one who has been led into a position of
weakness (smallness).
If a superior one were to do this (or one who wants to be, or become Great), it would be "regrettable,
and very much to be blamed", as such a behavior (such a way of contemplating things, or way of
acting) only fits those who are small (or inferior).
This line indicates contemplation from a distance, without comprehension, or in an immature way.
This line may point to a situation where a man of influence is at hand, but his influence is not
understood by the common people. This matters little in the case of the masses, for they benefit by
the actions of the ruling sage whether they understand them or not. But for a superior man it is a
disgrace. He must not content himself with a shallow, thoughtless view of prevailing forces. He must
contemplate them as a connected whole and try to understand them.
JLK: Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may point to how what is at the center of the matter at
hand shows what is "young" (a child, a young, inexperienced, erratic person, someone or something
which is occurring at the earliness of things), being contemplated (appreciated, valued, and/or used)
by what is "old" (experienced). There are circumstances where this can be appropriate and useful.
Thus, it could be that one is dealing with some degree of nostalgia (longing for what lies in the past),
or it could be that some form of "naivete" is occurring. Both have their place, when occurring at the
right time, in the right way, as long as one is aware of these aspects and able to put (use) them in the
right context. The "old" and/or experienced one will have to weigh these against more mature
(evolved) things.

~ Profile
Here, at the beginning of contemplation, are persons who have insufficient talent, experience,
character, intelligence or common sense to make correct observations and formulate judicious
opinions. Thus their courses of action are not the best. This is not their fault, but rather it is because
their innate endowments are limited. All types of individuals are required in this world, and these, too,
serve a useful purpose in their own way.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He can learn but little academically, or from experience. He is
able, however, to support himself and his
family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He has a mean and base character, and is shortsighted, lazy
and ineffective in nearly everything he does.
Immature considerations are harmful.
It is bad if one contemplates superficially, like a boy. Obtain, and use, a broader point of view.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) contemplation (guarding, surveillance,
vigilance, avoiding predators) of (in, for, at) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary,
Contemplation (guarding, surveillance, vigilance, avoiding predators) is (was, might, or will

be) occurring (and/or required) of (in, by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things
will be advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) contemplating through a crack (a small opening),
while hiding behind (or near) a door (doing things stealthily, with discretion, while hidden from
the others).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) staying passive (or receptive) like a
woman (someone, or something small, earthly, dark, unclear, yielding, or open);
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) hiding behind (or near) a door (while
contemplating things stealthily, and/or briefly).
For matters of a female nature (small, passive, weak, receptive, dark, evil) this is correct,
appropriate and advantageous, as a woman is adequately content (satisfied) with a limited
view (experience), as it avoids saturation (overload, too much weakness).
For matters of a male nature (great, active, strong, creative, light, loving) this is not (yet, or not
always) correct, and not advantageous (enough), as a man requires activity (investing himself,
creating), and a wider (deeper, longer, more "solid") view (or look) on things, as this builds
strength (righteousness, love)."
JLK: The image used for the commentary to the line, indicates that here, one is without a full view on
(and/or experience of) things and/or one is (was, might, will, or should be) looking at things with a
narrow and/or limited view (experience), peeking out (looking out, observing, contemplating stealthily)
from (behind) a door (or as through what is as "the crack of the door"). This might also indicate
looking (peeking) in a drawer (a secret compartment) superficially (opening it only a little bit).
This might be adequate for small matters (or for matters relating to what is female, receptive, small,
weak, dark, open), but this is not adequate for matters of great importance (or for matters relating to
what is male, creative, great, strong, light, firm).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) looking at things while hiding oneself as behind a door (looking
through what is like a crack). One stays hidden (discrete, withdrawn), and due to this one can't have a
full view of things. One is hiding because one wishes not to be noticed (seen) by others, and/or due to
(some form of) isolation (which one may have been forced into).
Thus, this line may hold the simple advice that, for the matter at hand, if (and/or as long as) one is in
a vulnerable position (and/or being inferior, weak, small, receptive), one should be discrete and/or
hidden from the view (and/or allowing others only to have "a peek").
Conversely, here it may be that one is (was, might, or will be) watched (observed, and/or inspected)
that way by someone who is in such a position (and/or who is doing things that way). It may be that
one has to deal with others who are like women, viewing things in a limited, narrow, and/or superficial
(weak, open, receptive, passive) way.

General comment
Looking out from behind a cracked, or partially open, door indicates that this person has a limited and
narrow field of view and, consequently, a "restricted viewpoint". Also, he likes to operate secretly and
unobserved.
As noted under hex. 13 (and others), the most propitious way of operating is through friendship in the
open. There are some circumstances where secrecy and a limited outlook are advantageous when
considered in the light of their ancient role. Men with this controlling line will tend to be opinionated,
narrow-minded, limited in intelligence, and restricted in abilities.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a person of little virtue and meager talent. He will
probably be stupid or ugly and in a low position. He will have a tendency to blame others for his
mistakes, and because of jealousy will 'take it out on others,' to compensate for his own deficiencies.
He may receive help from a noble or rich woman. Women can expect a much longer life than men.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have similar traits to the most auspicious, but will be poor
and live in miserable conditions.
Incomplete contemplations are damaging.
Trying to gain enlightenment, knowledge or information, secretly, is not a manly way to act. Beware.
vigilance, avoiding predators) of (in, for, at) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement),
occurring.
Analyzing ones own life determines advance or retreat.

JLK: Analyzing ones own life will give answers about what will be right or wrong, and what will
be possible.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) learning (understanding) about the impact
and/or cost of (or effort required for) change (transformation, transition), and its impact on
ones virtues (morals)."
JLK: Analyzing (understanding) ones own life will give answers to the matter at hand.
More specifically, the issue of the matter at hand will be influenced by what is related to the hips, the
backbone, ones virtue, ones moral views (and/or understanding), sexuality, ones ego, and/or
technical know-how. One should contemplate these, and/or be vigilant concerning these.

Gathered sources: Childishness and narrow points of view (and/or the beginner's stage) are (were,
might, will, or should be) outgrown, and here one contemplates one's own life (and the biographies of
others, to determine their value and application) for the establishment of the guidelines one wishes to
use and the direction in which one elects to go. This is a continuous process.
~ Profile
These persons never do anything without a reason. Spontaneity is lacking throughout their lives,
often to the irritation of others. These persons would do well in business, industry and government, in
assignments involving research and analysis.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will begin to cultivate all phases of his life, especially the
mental and moral aspects. He will know when to act and when to hold back or retreat. He will
exercise wisdom and have many accomplishments of merit, and his life will be smooth with virtually
no hindrances.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will advance and retreat throughout his life. This will be due
in part to external conditions, and in part to his own vacillations. He will face many hardships.
Self-analysis is always beneficial.
Contemplate the past to know the seeds of the future, and thus find the way to proceed ahead.

4
vigilance, avoiding predators) of (in, for, at) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom,
ones household, ones emotions).
Contemplation (guarding, surveillance, vigilance, avoiding predators) is (was, might, will, or

should be) occurring (and/or required) of (in, by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) assessing (determining, deciding) if one
should be the guest of (join, and/or associate with) the King (the ruler, that which is ruling, the
ruling consensus, and/or the trend).
For this one contemplates the conditions of the kingdom (and/or the things that are related).
What is at stake (at the center of the matter) is what one is (was. might, or will be) teaching (to
others), and/or learning (oneself).
It may be of major importance not to decide upon the first impression(s) that one obtains (or
that are reflected) of what is occurring.
Likewise, it is important, not to be appropriating oneself (deciding upon) an opinion about the
King (the ruler, or the way of governing), at the first view of (his, or ones) Great wealth
(richness), or Great misery (poverty)."
JLK: In ancient China it was customary for the wise, sage, and holy ones to teach at the court. Here,
under the occurring circumstances, it has to be determined if one should do that for the King (the
ruler, that which is ruling, and/or the ruling consensus, and/or the trend), and/or if one has the
capacity (ability, requirements) to do so.
One should study the state of "the kingdom" (the country, the land, the people, the body, ones living
space), and/or of oneself (ones body, heart, thorax, and/or ones emotions), to determine if one should
contribute (give), and/or learn (receive), and/or if either is possible at all under the occurring
circumstances. If things are in good (fair) condition, and/or "glorious" (materially, and/or spiritually),
then it's good to go on. If not, it is right to disengage oneself from what is ruling (those in power,
and/or the ruling consensus).
One must not base ones opinion merely on the fact that the other is rich, or poor. Richness (wealth,
resources, and/or health), or the absence of it, can exist in ways that are not visible to the eye (and/or
ones senses).
This line is in the 4th position, which symbolizes the heart, the emotions. Therefore, for the matter at
hand what will be important (crucial) is what is experienced in the heart, and/or emotionally. One
should contemplate if the other is "rich" (and/or "glorious") in the heart, and/or the emotions,
something that is not necessarily visible to the naked eye, but can be contemplated by studying the
influence the other has on his or her body and/or living space (ones kingdom). There should also be
(a reasonable degree of) stability regarding this.
The line is also the first line of the upper trigram, the wood. Line 4 of hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the
Softly Penetrating and Organizing) shows how one is (or should be) taking "enough game" (food,
nourishment, wealth, resources) for "threefold use", and that this will achieve merit. It means that in
one go (movement), there are (and/or should be) three (types of) catches (benefits). One should be
particularly effective and/or efficient.
The wood trigram may also symbolize banners (such as that of armies), and/or advertising (a

flattering yet often misleading representation of what is advertised, and/or propaganda). Here it
occurs as related to the heart and emotions.
In a more general way this line may hold the simple advice: Just look around, contemplate what you
can see, or can't, why that is the case, and/or how. Taking a step back, being like an "outsider", can
help one see things with more pertinence (penetration capacity, as symbolized by the wood/the wind).
Gathered sources: One contemplates "the glory (for the good, or the worse) of the kingdom". Then
arises ones wish to be a "guest at the court" (to be the guest of what is "ruling", or occurring, and/or
participate in the ceremonies, or practices of learning, and obtaining information).
This may describe one who will (or should) not decide upon the first impressions, that one obtains (or
that are reflected) of what is occurring, and who likewise, is not yet appropriating himself (deciding
upon) an opinion about the King (the ruler, or the (way of) governing, that which occurs in a ruling
position or at the center), at the first view of (his, or ones) Great richness, or Great misery or other
particularity: one who will behave in such a way will be highly regarded.
Therefore, one "contemplates the glory of the kingdom". Ones wish to be a guest at the court arises,
as one seeks to learn (or contemplate) more (of it). One may (need to) do more inquiring (or
divination) to know if this is good, or not. Here, what is good, is not to be decided on by an
(occasional, singular) impression (or opinion) immediately, or upon a "first sight" (glance, or view).
~ Profile
Cultivated and knowledgeable persons are depicted here. In ancient times (in the Confucian era,
c.500 B.C.) kings sought new wisdom and enlightenment from visiting scholars and dignitaries. They
often changed the methods of governing their realms on the advice of such people.
The persons depicted here are capable of giving sound advice to the leaders of realms and
enterprises. Their vision is much broader than that of those in line 3. They contemplate and analyze
kingdoms as well as individuals, to obtain their guide lines, and they are naturally communicative
persons as well. Since the controlling position in this hexagram is line 4, these people are likely to be
found in cabinet posts, on boards of governors, and in legislative positions rather than executive.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be an important personage in government or big business,
capable of shouldering great responsibilities with sagacity. He will be faithful and loyal to his God, his
country and its leaders, his duties, and his family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is also a talented man, achieving merited fame. He will be
respected, and duly rewarded for his efforts.
A broadened outlook is very useful.
Determine for yourself the general or universal cause you should endeavor to join or support.

5
vigilance, avoiding predators) of (in, for, at) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through
(in, with) the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling

advantage.
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) contemplating the course of ones
own life.
The Great man watches (not without reason, or cause), contemplating, organizing, and
governing all life (as it occurs);
He does so, such as to help all (in a better, and more wholesome way).
A superior one, in these cases, will thus fall into no mistake (no error)."
Gathered sources: Contemplating the course of "ones own life": (for this purpose) one is (was, will be,
or should be) also contemplating the condition(s) of the people (the crowds, the others).
A man in an authoritative position to whom others look up must always be ready for self-examination.
The right sort of self-examination, however, consists not in idle brooding over oneself but in
examining the effects one produces. Only when these effects are good, and when one's influence on
others is good, will the contemplation of one's own life bring the satisfaction of knowing oneself to be
free of mistakes.
JLK: Additionally and/or alternatively, the superior one contemplates the lives of others to understand
the influence they produce on the lives of the crowds, including on ones own life. Thus one is (was,
might, will, or should be) contemplating ones own life in the context of living amongst others. One
should look at things (as) from the perspective of a chief executive officer, a head-manager.
~ Profile
The persons depicted here recognize that the greatest good comes from being a worthy example,
and bringing benefits to, others. While being interested in the realm as a whole, he knows that real
accomplishments and advancements come from and through people. A nation or business can
temporarily achieve much by executive action alone, but for truly great achievements, what is done
must be a part and parcel of the people's will.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a gracious, wise, considerate, beneficent ruler or
leader, setting high standards through personal example and excellence. He will strive to eliminate
injustices, and to raise the virtue of the people as a whole. He will work for and serve others, even
though he is a ruler or leader.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a good and just leader, with a long and fruitful
life.

A wide outlook is valuable for leadership.
By noting the effects you have on others, you can determine whether the future bodes good or evil.
vigilance, avoiding predators) of (in, for, at) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom,
Heaven's law).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) contemplating ones inner self.
JLK: One finds support (answers) for (knowing) the ruling principle (ones wisdom) if one
(what occurs) is (was, might, will be) contemplating ones inner self.
No blame."
JLK: This line may indicate that one will find the necessary answer(s) by contemplating ones inner
self, ones (acquired) wisdom, and/or decision making process. This will result in finding the correct
leading principle(s), and/or rules (of action, and/or behavior), for the matter at hand.
Alternatively, it may indicate that one should contemplate the conditions of the head, the leader(s), the
leading principle(s), and/or rules (of action, and/or behavior), influencing the matter at hand. Are
things being done the right way (following correct principles, and/or rules), or not? Is there good
guidance (leadership)? Are (correct) principles (and/or protocol) being followed at all?
It may mean that things are going on in the way one (already) knows to be true, as felt inside, and/or
according to the way one would choose (prefer) oneself.
Gathered sources: The Great Man (also indicating the best part of oneself) contemplates on his own
life, if he does not exactly know what direction to move into (what goal to set, or what place to go to).
It may point to the fact that it will be advantageous to study (research) the sacrifices (offerings, good
works) of the Great Man (the superior, the noble one), or the way these are done.
General comment
The highest form of contemplation (in consonance with the position of the line) is that of one's inner
self, whereby one recognizes one's oneness with the Creator, and that therefore the inner self is that
which controls external conditions.
~ Profile
These persons are sages, who, for the most part, are beyond mundane matters and matters of the

ego. They tend to disguise their personal virtue and abilities, and lead and guide indirectly, letting
others receive the praise and the credit.
There is no blame attached to them for choosing this type of behavior.
You inspire others to take actions that you know will bring benefits to many. You also achieve your
purposes through literature, art and music.
Special indications on auspiciousness for this line are:
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a sage person and will be venerated. He will be a
model of virtue, and will do much for the benefit of mankind.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a model of virtue but in seclusion or within a
religious or altruistic organization.
Wise contemplation is most beneficial.
Search within yourself and discover if you are working without ulterior motives or desire for personal
gain. In this way one can overcome karma, if that is what one wishes.

Hexagram 21, Organized Biting Through (the Litigation, the Enforcement of the Rules)
- Shi He (Shih Ho)
The theme of this hexagram is that of biting through, like when biting through meat or other material,
like a bone. This biting through is seen as symbolizing the process of doing justice, litigation, the
applying and enforcing of the law and/or rules, and the procedures involved in it.
The Image says:
"the organized biting through and unifying; the biting through; the litigation;
the enforcement of the rules; the punishment;
the applying (executing) of the law (of what are correct and right rules):
Thunder and lightning (fire, brilliance).

Thunder below lightning (fire, brilliance).
This is the image of the organized biting through and unifying, the biting through, the
litigation, the applying (and/or executing) of the law (and/or of what are correct and right
rules).
This is how the old Kings made sure that the law (the rule) was obeyed and made public:
by clearly defined and intelligent penalties and measures (the application of rules).
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) studying and learning about what is
(was, might, will, or should be) (as) biting through in an organized way, and/or causing or
requiring litigation (the application of law, and/or an effort or method to regulate and restrain
things), what is (was, might, will, or should be) its nature, and how (in what way) it is (was,
might, will, or should be) occurring.
The Great Man, after having made clear his law (rules) and conditions to all and everyone
(concerned) will know how to have these executed and realized, with strength and severity."
JLK: Hex. 21, Organized Biting Through (the Litigation, the Enforcement of the Rules), shows the
close relationship between fire and thunder. One produces the other, and vice versa. The shock
(arousal, awakening) produces clarification (brilliance) at a higher (exterior, public) location, while
clarification (brilliance) produces shock (arousal, awakening) at a lower (inner, private) location.
Biting through (litigation, enforcement of the rules) necessarily faces (and/or occurs in a context of)
obstacles (obstruction, opposition), as described in the inner hex. 39, the Obstacle (the Obstruction,
the Opponent).
Gathered sources: This hexagram depicts the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection,
warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) above the thunder (arousal, shock, movement,
consequences). The fire is (as) projected or released at a higher location by the thunder. The thunder
is projected or released at a lower location by the fire that is appearing at a higher location.
This hexagram represents an open mouth with an obstruction (in the fourth place) between the teeth.
The top and bottom yang lines depict the upper and lower lips, or teeth. The yang line within

represents what is held, and must be cut through and chewed (also see hex. 27, the Way of
Nourishing, which shows another shape of the mouth).
As a result of the obstacle between the teeth, the lips cannot meet. To bring them together one must
bite energetically through the obstacle.
Since the hexagram is made up of the trigrams for thunder and for lightening, it indicates how
obstacles are forcibly removed in nature. Energetic biting through overcomes the obstacle that
prevents joining of the lips. Like the storm with its thunder and lightening overcomes the disturbing
tension in nature.
Recourse to law and penalties overcomes the disturbance of harmonious social life caused by
criminals and slanderers.
The theme of this hexagram is rather criminal lawsuits, in difference to that of hex. 6, the War, which
rather refers to civil law suits.
Penalties are the individual applications of the law. The law specifies the penalties. Clarity prevails
when mild and severe penalties are clearly differentiated, according to the nature of the crimes. This
is symbolized by the clarity of the lightning (caused by the thunder, the lower trigram).
The law is strengthened by a just application of penalties. This is symbolized by the terror of the
thunder. This clarity and severity have the effect of instilling respect. It's not that the penalties are
ends in themselves.
The obstruction in the social life of man increase when there is a lack of clarity in the penal codes and
slackness in executing them. The only way to strengthen the law is to make it clear and to make
penalties certain and swift.
The biting through and application of the law pictured by this hexagram is like cutting away a dark, or
evil force. The thunder stands for awakening, and arousing, the fire stands for enlightenment, clarity,
but also for betrayal. One is biting through the darkness thanks to ones inner strength and light.
Although punishment occurs on the exterior, it affects what is inside.

The Judgment says:
"Organized biting through and unifying, biting through, litigation, enforcement of the rules,
punishment, applying (executing) of the law (of what are correct and right rules), the measures
(the application of rules):
In the conditions which this presupposes, this indicates Great progress and success.
It is advantageous to use legal (regulatory, methodical, bright, clear) constraints (limits, and/or
regulations), and to let justice (discipline, and/or a system of rules) have its way.
It is advantageous to apply measures (and/or methods) that enforce (bring, manifest) the law
(method, rules, and/or clarify), and to let what derives from it have its way.
Strength and a lot of great and energetic efforts are required to restrain those who oppose to
unification (and justice).
It is necessary to cut through negative influences with Great decisiveness, yielding to what is
firm and going upwards.
What will bring lasting fortune is to be balanced, based on clear thinking, love, firmness, and a
balanced output of ones energies.
In this way, biting through the difficulty (enforcing justice) will bring success."
Gathered sources: Thus, one is biting through something tough, or a hardship, up to the bone,
meaning one succeeds in cutting through everything. This is like cutting through the facts as with a
litigation, when having justice been done, respected or established.
JLK: In the creative domain, "biting through" indicates one is awakening (arousing, shocking, moving,
causing things), which projects brilliance, symbolized by the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness,
projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) (of oneself, others, and/or things) on a
higher location. Vice versa, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting,
activating or draining of energy) will feed the awakening, symbolized by the thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences), into existence.
Gathered sources: While one is cutting and biting through, one finds something that was "hidden",
which beholds blessings as well as danger (see lines 3, 4, 5 and even 1 and 2).
To bite through, to develop the strength and capacity to do so with what is toughest, and to endure
suffering, will help to understand what is tough, and those who are like criminals. It will enable one to
have the capacity to penetrate into their hearts (which are like made of stone), and to see the good
that will reside there, it even be small.
On the other hand it is also depicting the biting through, as it occurs when consuming something, as
at a food-ritual.
When an obstacle to union arises, energetic biting through brings success. This is true in all
situations. Whenever unity cannot be established, the obstruction is due to a talebearer and traitor
who is interfering and blocking the way. To prevent permanent injury, vigorous measures must be
taken at once. Deliberate obstruction of this sort does not vanish of its own accord. Judgment and
punishment are required to deter or obviate it.
However, it's important to proceed in the right way. The hexagram combines Li, the fire (illumination,
clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), and Zhen, the
thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences). Li is yielding. Zhen is hard. Unqualified
hardness and excitement would be too violent in meting out punishment. Unqualified clarity
(brightness) and gentleness would be too weak. The two together create the just measure. It is good
practice and appropriate for current (ongoing) affairs that the man who makes the decisions
(represented by the fifth line) is gentle by nature, while he commends respect by his conduct in his

position.
Commentary
Fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) is
above thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), clarity is above movement. The air is
clear, the life of nature renewed, tensions are released, and beauty is restored once more, after a
thunderstorm.
This hexagram symbolizes the "biting" through obstacles and adverse conditions. To do this, rulers
and leaders must initiate, disseminate and enforce proper laws, vigorously and firmly.
~ Profile
The three lower lines refer on the whole, to people who need to correct themselves or be corrected,
while lines 4 and 5 symbolize how correction should be made. Line 6 reflects the completion of the
cycle, with conditions reverting to their opposite.
Persons depicted by this hexagram may be in a legal career, or involved with legal matters, in any of
the three fields, legislative, executive and judicial, as determined by their controlling line and degree
of auspiciousness.
Lines
"JLK: Organized biting through and unifying (litigation, enforcement of the rules, punishment)
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) with ones feet in the stocks and deprived of ones
toes.
The feet or toes (that which is small, though strong, and meant to give support or help when
one is moving and/or communicating), are (were, might, will, or should be) (as) stuck, kept in
their place (as by a woodblock, or weight), not mobile, and/or (as) hidden.
This (the feet being stuck) will be without fault;

There is (was, might, or will be) no (further occasion to make a) mistake!
No error, no blame."
JLK: The image of this line shows forced immobility. One can not move, or can only move slowly
and/or clumsily, due to the feet being in woodblocks (and/or having weights attached to them). This is
imposed on one (and/or is imposed by oneself) as a punishment (sanction, restraint, and/or
unfortunate consequence of ones actions and/or choices), and is ultimately meant to reduce what is
inferior and/or evil. In an ideal situation, one would not have to suffer such a punishment and/or
immobilization, nor have to impose such on others.
The punishment (and/or forced restraint, limitation of movement) occurring here is relatively mild, as
one remains alive and is not mutilated, which allows for opportunities (to be seized and/or to come to

one) to get out of the present blockage, eventually.
The nature of the occurring circumstances are further described in the 1st line of hex. 51, the Thunder
(the Movement, the Arousing), and shows (some form of) shock, arousal, followed by happiness and
glee. One should follow the natural evolution from tension and shock, to realization (awareness),
relaxation and happy acceptance (release).
Alternatively, this line may advice and/or warn not to move on, if ones "feet" are as "in the stocks", i.e.
clumsily, being obstructed, and/or blocked. And/or it may advice against this occurring for those one is
(was, might, will, or should be) dealing with.
Gathered sources: When negative tendencies arise, they should be contained and preferably turned
around, if still possible. This may need some form of appropriate (non-excessive) punishment. Good
teachers and parents should know this in order to help the growth of their children, otherwise the
results can be monstrous. Too much shallow love spoils a child.
This shows what is as a method (a way, tool, situation, or position) that obstructs (hinders, or makes
difficult) the ways (progress, actions, or movements) of what is inferior (the weak, bad, or small).
Here, it may not be wrong to act with this kind of severity, or force.
The commentary describes how the first stage of every movement, as it is first (to be) expressed in
the toes, is obstructed, restrained, or held back, by what is like a "woodblock", a shoe, a weight, or
clamp. This is holding one into ones place, or immobilized (even if this is involuntary), thus, not
allowing any movement that could be injurious or leading to other misfortune and evil. (There is no
walking to do that brings misfortune).
The woodblock, weight, or clamp can further be associated to the wood (in general), the wind, the
system, the organism, the organizing, the word, the justice system, the society, etc..., but also the way
of organizing, or "a system" like that of the Yi Jing.
Even if this first full, strong yang line of the hexagram, part of the lower trigram, the thunder,
implicates a tendency to be going ahead, and to pursue the way as soon or fast as possible, it is yet
too early or even impossible to do so, or to follow up (on things), as one is only at the first stage (or
"level") of the hexagram. One is held back (as) by "the wood" (the organizing, softly penetrating and
confusing, the word, the network, the system (of justice), the society, etc..).
It does mean nevertheless that radical and firm action (such as the locking of the feet in woodblocks,
stopping ones progress by the properties of the wood, the organizing) may be correct, or is (was,
might, will, or should be) occurring. As this indicates the occurrence of a method that is used to keep
those (bad people, the inferior, or the weak) progressing into (or towards) what is inferior (bad and/or
evil) from going on.
Thus, this line may point to a situation where a person who first transgresses, making small mistakes,
should be corrected and punished mildly but appropriately so that he will stop making mistakes, big or
small. In this way no blame or error will occur.
The master said: "The common or inferior one is not ashamed of unkindness, and of what is not
benevolent, nor does he fear away from injustice, doing what is not righteous. If there is no prospect
of gain he does not stimulate himself to what is good, nor does he correct himself without being
moved or intimidated. If he is made to behave correctly in small matters, he might be (more)
adequate in Great ones. Self-correction in what is small, will make him careful in what would be of
Greater importance and consequence. This is what constitutes the happiness of the inferior or
common person.

It is said in the Yi: "Ones feet are in the stocks, and one is disabled in ones toes. There will be no
further occasion for mistake, error or blame."
~ Profile
Every hexagram, through the changing of lines can change into any other hexagram, and it is to be
noted that a complete change here would bring about a condition of rapid progress (hex. 35). This is
the most auspicious possibility here, and implies that those born with this controlling line will tend to
be audacious, to violate rules, and to enjoy skirting authority. Some may be in high positions, others in
low, but by changing their traits and habits, and by using their talents for the purpose of furthering
good, they can make excellent progress.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will know how to, and will, take precautions to avoid troubles
and mistakes. He will correct his own faults through the energetic cultivation of virtue. He will probably
start life in poor or humble circumstances, which will gradually improve to an average, and then well
above average, standard. He will become a noble person.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a mean and cowardly person, who fails in nearly
every endeavor to advance.
Correct evils while they are small.
Outside influences would deter you from taking action. Heed the warning.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) organized biting through and
unifying (litigation, enforcement of the rules, punishment) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves,
and/or ones impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Biting through (litigation) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way
of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the
ruling consensus).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) biting through soft (tender) meat, so
that one's nose disappears.
There will be no mistake; No error. No blame."
Gathered sources: The image of this line refers to the fact that an easy decision can be made, in both
ways, either good or bad. If one makes the bad choice, it will be like having ones nose cut off. If one
makes the right choice, it will be like biting in tender meat (to the point of making ones nose
disappear).
On the other hand, this may indicate that one encounters a hardened sinner (an erratic individual or
occurrence), and, aroused by anger, one goes a little too far. The disappearance of the nose in the
course of the bite signifies that indignation blots out finer sensibility. However, there is no great harm

in this, because the penalty as such is just.
JLK: The idea of a "hardened sinner" can also apply for someone who indulges in what would be like
consuming "tender meat" (well prepared nourishment). In ordinary times, and if in good measure,
there is no harm in that. Still, the time can be right for it, or not, depending on the circumstances.
It may be that in one way one is able to bite through "tender meat", which is good, while in another
way one meets with a "hardened sinner" in another way, i.e. of the bad kind, which requires
"enforcement of the rules".
Gathered sources: The occurrence of other strong lines may give further indications about the way to
interpret this one.
General comment
The nose disappearing could mean, in ancient times, either that the meat was soft so that one's nose
disappeared into it when eating a large piece, using one's hands to hold it, or that this was the
punishment an offender received, i.e. to have his nose cut off for some transgression.
The lower trigram is "movement", and a change in this line would convert it into "joy". Here, too, one
could be seeking the right kind of joy or the wrong kind, depending on one's character, intelligence
and motives.
~ Profile
Whatever these people do is like biting through soft flesh, but it may be for right purposes or for
wrong ones.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of good character, ambitious and talented. He
may become an officer in the military, or some law enforcement agency, either in the apprehension or
punishment of transgressions. He will carry out his responsibilities well.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may use his talents for wrong purposes, with bad results. He
could become a cripple, and will face many troubles and hardships. It would be best for him to
become a monk or a recluse.
Hardened criminals must be punished.
Initiate broad reforms, or take ample corrective action.

3
unifying (litigation, enforcement of the rules, punishment) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the
One is (was, might, or will be) (as) gnawing (chewing) dried flesh (salted game), and meeting
with what is injurious (poisonous, corrupting, disagreeable).
There might be occasion for some small regret, but no Great mistake;
No Great error. No blame."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) meeting with what is disagreeable and hurtful: ones
position is not the proper one.
This may point to a situation where punishment (the application of regulations and/or discipline,
and/or a manifestation of strength, liveliness) is to be carried out by someone who lacks the power
and authority to do so. Therefore the culprits (or that which brings injury) do (does) not submit.
The matter at hand is an old one (as symbolized by dried flesh, and/or salted game) and in dealing
with it difficulties arise. This old meat is spoiled: by taking up the problem the punisher arouses
poisonous (corrupting) hatred against himself (from others, or from himself, due to arousing conflict
within), and in this way is put in a somewhat humiliating position. But since punishment was required
by the time, he remains free of blame.
General comment
If one were strong and in the right position one would be eating fresh meat and not dried meat, so old
that some of it is apparently spoiled. This is symbolic of not governing properly, and having difficulties
with people through insubordination. This is primarily the result of insufficient clarity and foresight.
~ Profile
Clarity and foresight are the major characteristics that this person must seek in order to achieve a
more auspicious life. If this is done, then his efforts and accomplishments will be without blame.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will tend to be low in intelligence and talent, but very
ambitious. He will probably fail to recognize his weaknesses, and consequently have but few
achievements. Self-improvement is needed.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be less adequately talented than the most auspicious.
He will find it very hard to advance and develop professionally, and to support himself and his family.
Punishments should be carried out only by those who are duly authorized and qualified.

One is involved in troubles brought on by others, and deprived of effective action. Hold back. Your
aims can still be attained.
unifying (litigation, enforcement of the rules, punishment) (as) in (at, for, with) the heart (the
thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
Organized biting through and unifying (litigation, enforcement of the rules, punishment) is
Biting into dried (-out, gristly, bony or crunchy) meat (nourishment);

(What occurs is, was, will, or can be as) biting on the metal arrowhead (or bullet):
receiving (finding) the metal arrowhead (or bullet).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) biting through the dried (-out) flesh on the
bone, and receiving (getting, finding) the pledges (consequences, dangers, traps, and pits) of
money and arrows (material goods, and ways of hunting and obtaining what is nourishing).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) not (yet) giving light.
It might be advantageous for one to realize the difficulty of ones task, and to be firm, in which
case there will be no mistake; No error."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) (as) "biting into dried (-out, gristly, bony or crunchy)
meat (nourishment)": eating (consuming, and/or experiencing) something that is "not fresh", and "not
tender", but "tough", nor is (what is as) the nourishment (or meat) pleasant to consume.
Furthermore, one is (was, might, or will be) (as) "biting on the arrowhead (or bullet): receiving the
arrowhead (or bullet)." One is (was, might, or will be) (as) "biting" on (confronted by, or encountering)
what one has been using to do the hunt (or obtain what is nourishing) with (the arrowhead, bullet, or
the way of obtaining nourishment).
It will be advantageous for one to realize the difficulty of ones task, and to be firm, in which case there
will be no mistake (no error): ones light has not yet been sufficiently displayed.
There are great obstacles to be overcome, powerful opponents are to be punished. Though this is
arduous, the effort succeeds. But it is necessary to be hard (and unfaltering) as metal (as hard as
what one is biting through) and straight as an arrow (as "aimed" as what one is biting through) to
surmount the difficulties. If one knows these difficulties and remains persevering, one attains good
fortune.
The difficult task is (was, might, or will be) achieved in the end.
General comment
Gristly meat signifies that very serious and entangled matters are under consideration, yet through

talent, wisdom, courage and determination, these can all be decided correctly, and good fortune will
result.
~ Profile
A strong person, in the position of an arbiter or executive who has to try to administer justice in
difficult legal situations, is depicted.
In olden days such persons received metal and arrows before they settled matters. Therefore these
persons have the innate ability to be great and noble in fulfilling such duties.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a highly competent and courageous individual, who can
be assigned to even the highest judicial positions in the nation, and will carry out his duties and
responsibilities in a firm and beneficial manner. His personal life will be on a high level too.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have considerable wealth and perhaps a good position,
but will be subject to graft and corruption.
One must be firm and just in meting out discipline.
Take direct action now, and follow through with prudence.
unifying (litigation, enforcement of the rules, punishment) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the
throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in, with) the way

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) gnawing (biting) on choice (quality, and/or lean)
dried meat.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) meeting (receiving) a piece of gold (and/or noble
metal or mineral).
If one is aware of the dangerous position, then there is no error; No blame."
Gathered sources: The case to be decided is indeed not easy but perfectly clear. Since we naturally
incline to leniency, we must make every effort to be like yellow gold - that is, as true as gold and as
impartial as yellow, the color of the middle [the mean]. It is only by remaining conscious of the
dangers growing out of the responsibility we have assumed that we can avoid making mistakes.

General comment
This is the ruling position for this hexagram, and also the center of the trigram "clarity". Rulers and
leaders must overcome difficulties and mistakes, as well as correcting others.
~ Profile
Choice meat indicates a large and potentially favorable enterprise. The gold indicates that this person
should be mild and pure like gold in his rulings. It further signifies that the people do not readily
submit to him. He must carefully discern the requirements of his enterprise, and the needs and
abilities of his personnel, and judiciously match the two. If he recognizes the nature of his situation
and handles it properly, no errors will occur. The position is not easy, but those depicted here are well
qualified to attain successful results.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a wise and clever man who can turn adverse situations
into favorable conditions, who can change erroneous ideas into healthy and progressive ones, and
who can turn deviations into Dao (the right path), on a large scale. He will have many auspicious
events in his life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a rich man, but may live a comfortable and self-
satisfying life, rather than one of major public service or service to others.
Mitigation and leniency should be exercised by rulers.
Find a true, just course, and follow it.
unifying (litigation, enforcement of the rules, punishment) (as) in (for, with) the head (the
leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
If it it leads to what is (excessively) unwise (flawed), and/or if its application is wrong, the
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) wearing a wooden cangue (or helmet), which
is covering the ears, so that one is not capable to (adequately, or correctly) listen (to hear, see,
or understand adequately, in, or with time).
Under those circumstances, there will be misfortune, which might result in evil!"
JLK: One is (was, might, or will be) (as) "wearing the cangue (a helmet of wood or other tough, shock-
resisting material), and being deprived of ones ears": one hears, but will not understand. At the same
time, at the center of the issue at hand lies the problem that ones head, or part of it (it be the brain,
the skin, or in a figurative way), is immobilized (stuck, not allowed or made/stimulated to move freely).

This indicates that the one(s) described in this line is (are) hard to understand things, and/or (even)
bluntly ignorant, and/or stuck due to various reasons. Put in simple words: one may have to be more
"open-minded".
The fact that the cangue is made of wood (or other tough, shock-resisting material) points to the fact
that what makes one fail to hear, listen, and/or understand, is like the wood, i.e. the organism,
organization (the way things are organized), words, the dispersing wind, the justice system, and/or
society (and the way it is organized).
Negative stress may have an effect on "the head" - i.e. ones thinking - that is comparable to that of
"the wooden cangue". It can cause errors of judgment and seriously impair ones decision making in
many ways. Negative stress is caused when one is not up to the challenge at hand (not necessarily
due to ones own fault, but as can be caused due to being overwhelmed).
Gathered sources: In contrast to the first line, this line may refer to a man (or woman) who is
incorrigible and/or acting too much outside of the norm (the "law"). His punishment is the wooden
cangue, and his ears disappear under it - that is to say, he is deaf to warnings. This obstinacy leads to
misfortune.
It should be noted here that there is an alternative interpretation of this hexagram, based on the idea,
"Above, light (the sun, and below, movement". In this interpretation the hexagram symbolizes a
market below, full of movement, while the sun is shining in the sky above. The allusion to meat (in
lines 2, 3, 4, and 5) suggests that it is a food market. Gold and arrows are articles of trade. The
disappearance of the nose means the vanishing of smell, that is, the person in question is not
covetous. The idea of poison points to the dangers of wealth, and so on throughout.
Confucius says in regard to the nine at the beginning in this hexagram (Ta Chuan, section II, chapter
V, par. 8):
"If acts of goodness be not accumulated, they are not sufficient to give its finish to one's name. If acts
of evil be not accumulated, they are not sufficient to destroy one's life. The common man thinks that
small acts of goodness are of no benefit, and does not do them, and that small deeds of evil do no
harm, and does not abstain from them. Thus his wickedness becomes Great till it cannot be covered,
and his guilt becomes Great till it cannot be pardoned. This is why the Yi says: "One wears the
cangue and ones ears are destroyed (not working properly): under those circumstances there will be
misfortune which might result in evil.""
On the other hand, if the issue at hand concerns a superior one, then this line may indicate that at the
center of the issue at hand lies some kind of immobilization that has to do with the head (in a literal or
figurative way), similar to when ones is wearing the wooden cangue. Here, the immobilization forms a
problem, and should be remedied, although one may not yet know or understand how to do this.
General comment
Obstinate and impractical persons, who are not willing to listen to others, are depicted. Even if they
do hear something, they do not pay attention to it. They are persons of low intelligence and wisdom,
who do not and will not recognize their difficulties. With such characteristics they are virtually
incorrigible. They must be made to suffer for the manner in which they live their life with respect to
others. Hence, misfortune will be their lot during most of their existence.
Most auspicious (in the best case): If riches are inherited they will be a constant source of worry and
trouble. He will make a few gains on his own, but will not find much happiness in life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be ruthless, domineering and stubborn, and frequently
involved in disputes and troubles. He may commit felonies and end up in jail, or suffer serious injury.

Incorrigibility leads to misfortune.
Beware of the danger of being deaf to counsel.

Hexagram 22, Considering Grace (the Beauty, the Appearance)
- Bi (Pi)
The theme of this hexagram is the way graciousness, beauty, and appearances in general (not
necessarily merely related to beauty) play a role in nature as well as for all humans. It considers when
it is superfluous and when it isn't, when it is honest, and when it isn't, or when it is hiding something,
and when it isn't.
It also points to the fact that the image (or impression) one has or receives of something or someone,
should not be the only consideration one is to base ones decision(s) on, as there is (always) more (to
see, to know, and/or understand) behind what can be seen or observed.
The Image says:
"considering grace; the beauty; considering the appearance; the image;

immobilized brightness;
immobilized intelligence, knowledge, clarifying and/or understanding);
partial knowledge or clarification;
the betrayal in the appearance of things (of what looks gracious, beautiful and stilled):
The fire projecting at the foot of the mountain;

The fire under (and beyond) the mountain.
This is the image of grace, beauty and the considering (of it);
The projection of an image, graciously, but (secretly) demanding (and hiding) exhaustive
amounts of great bright consideration, when congregating or meeting (or when clarifying).
The superior one, in accordance with this, is (was, might, will, or should be) proceeding
brilliantly when clarifying current affairs, and various processes of (his) government (or
governance). But he dare not, and will not decide on great or major issues in this way (as in
the case of a criminal litigation, and/or crucial investigation)!
JLK: He is (was, might, will, or should be) projecting (considering, hearing, seeing), and
remembering, that one might always forget (or not notice) something (or someone).
The Great Man will be aware that others can (easily) project an image that will not reflect the
truth (as complete) as it (really) is. Also, he will be aware that his view of things results in an
image (and/or experience) of reality (and/or of 'things') that can be different than that of others
(as others may have other focus points, objectives), and/or when considered from another
point of interest (and/or other point of view)."
JLK: Hex. 22, Considering Grace (the Beauty, the Appearance), shows the fire (illumination, clarifying,
brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) at the foot of the mountain
(the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information). It illuminates (shines
on, clarifies) some of it, but not all of it (and/or only temporary). At the same time it gives beauty (what
is seductive, ornamental) to it, due to its brilliance (warmth, energy). This gives the idea of grace
(beauty), and the considering of it.
The circumstances of grace (beauty) will (or should) be occurring in (or be closely related to) a
context of liberation (loosening), as described by inner hex. 40, the Liberation (the Freedom, to

Loosen).
While the basic image of fire at the foot of the mountain shows partial (and/or temporary) illumination
of the mountain, it can also represent how the mountain is hiding (some of) the fire (illumination,
clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), which can result in
not all being clarified (clear, understood).
Gathered sources: This hexagram shows a fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth,
cutting, activating or draining of energy) that breaks out of the secret depths of the earth (the
receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) and, blazing up, illuminates and beautifies
(illuminates, influences or changes the appearance of) the mountain (the immobile, what is rested,
what is stacked up and grown tough, information), symbolizing the Heavenly heights, and/or (what is
as) the house, changing its original appearance.
Grace - beauty of form - is necessary in any union if it is to be well ordered and pleasing rather than
disordered and chaotic.
Here, the fire, whose light illuminates the mountain and makes it pleasing, does not shine far. In the
same way, beautiful form suffices to brighten and to throw light upon matters of lesser moment, but it
may hide underlying occurrences that are important. That's why important questions cannot be
decided in this way. They require greater earnestness.
JLK: Thus, the occurrence of this hexagram may signal that concerning the matter at hand, there is a
real risk of superficiality, a lack of depth, and/or a (undetected) deficiency, and possibly even a lack of
sincerity or at least a lack of "due diligence" (by one or more of the parties involved).
Gathered sources: When at an occasion (when congregating, or when meeting) considering

(assessing, or appreciating) the appearance (the graciousness, the image) of what occurs demands
too much consideration (effort, or understanding), being unduly exhaustive (more than one can bear,
or endure), this can be an indication, or omen, of underlying passions and inhibitions (tendencies),
and give indications of where to look for what can be suspected to bring a distress (difficulties or
danger).
Thus, the superior person proceeds by considering the graciousness, and/or the betrayal in the
appearance when clearing up current affairs. But he dare not decide on controversial issues in this
way. He righteously considers and fears to be missing or forgetting something or someone.
It may be that the image, situation, person, object, endeavor, career or ambition that is being
envisioned at present is interesting (pleasing, and/or seductive) for a moment, but it should not be
decisive, or be decided upon in any major way, at present.
The fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of
energy) and the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information) never really touch, yet they amplify, congregate and operate together in a majestic,
bright, but mostly treacherous, or confused (or confusing) way.
The fire will penetrate the mountain by illuminating, warming, or heating it up, or by sticking to it, and
exhausting it (in the earliness of time).
The mountain will block out the light, although some of it can be seen around its top, or other outer
(lower as well as higher) limits.

The Judgment says:
"Considering grace and beauty, considering the appearance, beauty, an image, immobilized
brightness, immobilized intelligence, knowledge, clarifying and/or understanding), partial
knowledge or clarification, betrayal in the appearance of things (of what looks gracious,
beautiful and stilled):
This brings success; And/or understanding (learning) about this will bring success.
Graciousness brings (stimulates, or invites) success.

Yet this is (was, might, or will be) favorable for small (receptive, open, female, dark) matters
only.
The occurring or noticing of graciousness indicates that there should be free course in what it
denotes.
There will be little advantage, however, if it (or the one who is gracious) be allowed to advance
and take the lead.
JLK: One contemplates the beauty, or grace, but if one is not aware of the fire (the passion,
projection, image(s), warmth providing, energizing, exhausting) and/or other hot, and
potentially dangerous energies that lie hidden, or restrained and contained, by, in, and under
what looks gracious (stilled rested or stacked up and pushed around, grown tough through
time, like a mountain) there will be danger.
Something (or someone) will be overlooked, anyway;

Yet it is good to try and notice what (or who) it (he, or she) is.
Danger, and beauty; No blame; No error.
It is good to do something.
But the occurring circumstances (of graciousness) are only good for small things (the
receptiveness, the weakness, the femininity).
Doing something (going ahead, beginning an endeavor) will only bring a small advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) improving ones public relations, ones projection upon
others, and ones relations with the others."
Gathered sources: It is good to think about the reality behind the image one is contemplating and
considering. Things or people, should (are, were, or will) not just associate, mingle together, or be
taken in (or believed), without due consideration.
Thus, one is (was, will, or should be) thinking ahead of what will happen or of what the actual reality is
behind what is happening or occurring. One will have to think about the future, (and will have to be
able to do so) if one wants to limit ones misfortune, if one wants to remain free.
JLK: One is (was, might, or will be) contemplating, but one is not (always) aware of the fire, the
passion, or other hot, and potentially dangerous energy that lies hidden, restrained and contained, by,
in, and under what looks beautiful, gracious (or stilled, rested, stacked up, pushed around and grown
tough through time), like the mountain.
There is (was, might, or will be) danger, as symbolized by the lower inner trigram the water (liveliness,
difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory). Something is (was, might, or will be)
overlooked, anyway. This is because all that is created in the universe is done so within appropriate
and temporary limits.
Gathered sources: Graciousness (the beauty, the ornamental, the brilliance), or the considering or
noticing of it (the image of this hexagram) indicates that there should be free course in what it

denotes. One should give free course to the occurring beauty or the projection of an image.
We see the weak line coming and ornamenting (beautifying, and/or clarifying) the strong lines of the
inner hexagram hex. 40, the Liberation (the Freedom, to Loosen), and therefore it is said that
graciousness (the ornamental) "should have a free course" (or free meaning). On the other hand, the
strong line above is ornamenting the weak ones of the outer trigram, and that is why it is said that
"there will be little advantage if graciousness (beauty, the ornamental, brilliance, clarifying, and/or "the
one being the subject") be allowed to advance and take the lead". This is illustrated in the
appearances that ornament the sky (the graciousness considered). It may indicate one has to create
rest (and peace, thanks to what is stacked up and pushed around), by (thanks to) one own brilliance,
or (inner) beauty (as others may not be trusted, or may be projecting an image that is betraying, or
false).
Elegance and intelligence, denoted by the lower trigram, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness,
projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), regulated by arrest (stillness), denoted
by the upper trigram, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown
tough, information): these suggest the observances that adorn human society.
We look at the ornamental figures in the sky, and thereby ascertain the changes of the seasons. We
look at the ornamental observances of society, and understand how the processes of transformation
are accomplishing all under Heaven.
JLK: This hexagram is implicitly associated with sexuality, the forces of nature as well as the
attraction and association of opposite yet complementary forces, and the way this occurs and/or the
image(s) it projects or is associated with.
Commentary
Just as ornamentation and adorning have their advantages in nature, so likewise there are times in
man's life when it is propitious. In nature one finds ornamentation a matter of attraction, or for
disguise and protection. Man can always do well by emulating nature under the right circumstances.
~ Profile
This man should recognize that this condition applies to small matters and is favorable for them.
Important matters require other approaches and deeper considerations.
These persons tend to be ostentatious on the surface, in both their personal and professional lives,
and would do well in advertising, public relations, and related fields where attraction in its various
aspects is a requirement. Some of these individuals will display external characteristics which will
hide their inner merit. Most will have a clear insight into conditions facing them, since the trigram Li,
the fire (the enlightening) is in the lower position. Externally, their actions should be quiet and firm, like
Gen, the mountain (the immobilizing, the rest, the stacked up), the upper trigram.
Those born in the eleventh month [December - January] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: Considering grace (beauty, an image, partial clarification and/or exhaustion) is (was,
might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the
One is (was, might, will, or should be) leaving the carriage, continuing walking (by foot).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) lending graciousness, beauty, passion and/or (special)
consideration to the toes (the feet, and/or the way of moving forward)."
Gathered sources: This may point to a situation where one is (or should be) voluntarily renouncing to
the prospect of a swift advance, preferring a slow progress that is however more in accordance with
ones personality, ones inner truth, and/or the circumstances in general (and which is therefore more
appropriate).
This line may also point to a situation where one is (was, might, will, or should be) as walking or
moving "on the toes", in order to be discreet or careful, and/or to act in a way that is more appropriate
to (and/or balanced for) the situation at hand than if one were not moving in this particular way.
Also, one is "adorning" (lending graciousness to) ones feet (and/or the way of moving forward). One
can discard a carriage and walk on foot: righteousness, care, and/or graciousness requires that one
should not ride (the carriage), and/or that one should not move too swiftly.
An associated image may be that of someone (or something) who is like (considering) (the) walking,
jumping, or hip-hopping on the tip of the toes. Like jumping on top of the stones, laid out in the grass,
or river, jumping from stone to stone or tree trunks. [Metaphorically] like "jumping" from word to word
in headers (titles). Walking, jumpy, neither too fast, neither too slow.
This line may also point to the fact that one (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as)
wearing "elegant (gracious) shoes", that are beautiful and/or appropriate enough for ones purpose. Or
put more generally: the basis on which one is (was, might, will, or should be) moving is (or should be)
beautiful and/or appropriate (right, correct) enough for ones purpose.
Thus, one is "leaving the carriage and going on by foot". It means one is (or should be) refusing the
carriage (means of transportation, or a method for progress) that is (given, offered) at ones disposal
(which might mean that one is pursuing the way that one considers to be right, and that one is
refusing the help of those that would lead one away from it). One is pursuing ones way even if one
has to do without "the carriage" (that is proposed, or available).
This hexagram shows tranquil beauty and clarity within, quiet without. This is the tranquility of pure
contemplation. When desire is silenced and the will comes to rest, the world-as-idea becomes
manifest. In this aspect the world is beautiful and removed from the struggle for existence. This is the
world of art.
However, contemplation alone will not put the will to rest absolutely. It will awaken again, and then all
the beauty of form will appear to have been only a brief moment of exaltation. Hence this is still not
the true way of redemption. For this reason Confucius felt very uncomfortable when once, on
consulting the oracle, he obtained the hexagram of "Considering Grace".
A beginner in a subordinate place must take upon himself the labor of advancing. There might be an
opportunity of surreptitiously easing the way-symbolized by the carriage, but a self-contained man

scorns help (or progress) gained in a dubious fashion. Under the presently occurring circumstances,
he thinks it more graceful to go on foot than to drive in a carriage under false pretenses.
General comment
The symbolism is that of a person who knows the right way and wants to follow it through the
application of his own efforts, rather than take advantage of any easy conditions made available to
him by others.
~ Profile
The person depicted, knowing that he would walk, paid special attention to being well shod.
Individuals of this type are highly independent, self-reliant and proud. Their pride is in doing what is
right, rather than the pride of egotism. They are willing to accept life as it is dealt to them, and
advance step by step.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of talent and virtue, yet content to be in whatever
situation he finds himself. He is not given to great emotion, and rarely desires to express either great
joy or great sorrow. He will climb steadily in life, and will ceaselessly endeavor to improve himself.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will face many hardships and have a routine life, but will not
complain.
Be willing to do whatever needs to be done.
Be ready and willing to engage in self-cultivation.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) considering grace (beauty, an image,
partial clarification and/or exhaustion) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the
Considering grace (beauty, an image, partial clarification and/or exhaustion) is (was, might, or
will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) giving (or attributing) graciousness
(beauty, passion and consideration) to ones beard (ones facial characteristics, ornaments,
visual or topical appearance).
JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) considering the way things look (appear, and/or
are presented)."
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) working at making things and/or oneself
more gracious and/or just, and/or must keep on doing this, and/or pay attention to how one presents
things.
Alternatively, this line may refer to an attempt to keep up appearances and/or "save ones face", even
when things are going bad ("not too well") for the one at the center of the matter at hand.
Additionally, this line may points to a (technical) failure that negatively influences ones appearance
(grace, beauty, image, immobilized brightness, immobilized intelligence, knowledge, clarification,
and/or understanding). If one can improve things, this can be good. If not, it may be something one
may have to resign in (and/or avoid).
Gathered sources: Here, at issue is the way things look and/or how they are represented through
their (visual) appearance.
The beard is not an independent thing. It moves only with the chin. The image associated with this
line illustrates how form and the way things look (in general) are to be considered as a result and
attribute of content.
The beard can become merely a superfluous ornament. To devote care to it for its own sake, without
regard for the inner content of which it is an ornament, would merely be a display of a certain vanity.
On the other hand, as a direct consequence of form being the result of content, when being negligent
about the condition ones beard (or ones general appearance) is in, then this reflects the fact that one
is lacking in taking care of an important aspect of ones person (or the object or occurrence at the
center of ones inquiry).
Making sure ones appearance is groomed and attended to in an appropriate way, reflects one has the
will and capacity to shape ones personality and destiny.
In some cases, this line may indicate one should not waste time on eternally changing things
outwardly, when the real change should occur internally. In other cases, it may indicate that one
should implement changes that are brought about internally, at the exterior as well, or attend to the
way this is done and looks.

The occurrence of this line may also be an appeal to observe the way things look and in which way
they are ornamented (or attended to), and that this way one is (was, might, or will be) able to
determine things about their state and condition.
The image of a beard, associated with this line, also indicates virility, (the passage into) maturity, and
the masculine in face of the female (literally or figuratively, as indicated by the open and weak line). It
may point to an increase in responsibility, or the acquisition of qualities and know-how.
General comment
Often social and professional situations demand adapting oneself to certain customs and traditions,
as well as to modes of respect. This is what is symbolized here, but, in keeping with the hexagram as
a whole, such actions are external only and do not stem from one's inner self.
~ Profile
Consequently, even though these persons conform they do not do so from desire or with ulterior
motives. They remain true to themselves under all conditions.
These persons have the strength of character, which, when coupled with ability, can produce great
results.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be professionally learned, and socially
cultivated. He will be sought by those in high places, and will render valuable service to others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be well educated and enjoy social status. His life
may become quiet when he is older. In general, he will be fortunate.
Conform externally if necessary.
Conform externally without yielding your internal worth.

3
partial clarification and/or exhaustion) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
will be) occurring.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) gracious (beautiful, brightened, adorned and/or
considered) being fueled (moistened, wet and/or irrigated) by rich favors falling down like rain.
(Or) one is (was, might, will, or should be) adorning (beautifying, ornamenting, and/or
changing or adapting) oneself in such a way that one is shining (bright, illuminating).
Let one ever maintain ones firm correctness (to the end). Then, there will be good fortune."
Gathered sources: The "good fortune consequent on ones ever maintaining firm correctness", is due
to the fact that no one will insult one (or have occasion to hinder things).
This means that, to the end, no one will interfere with ones endeavors (or actions).
The image of this line shows a very charming life situation. One is under the spell of grace and the
mellow mood induced by wine (or other mild intoxication, induced by a substance or otherwise). This
grace can adorn, but it can also swamp us. Hence the warning not to sink into convivial indolence but
to remain constant in perseverance. Good fortune depends on this.
~ Profile
These persons have much natural good luck, as opposed to auspiciousness brought about by their
own personal development. They must be careful to follow right paths and recognize that
advancements must be of their own making. Indolence would nullify the benefits that naturally accrue
as long as they continue to progress. Basically, they are calm, peaceful and considerate persons, who
are at ease with the world, their family and their circumstances.
Most auspicious (in the best case): His efforts and abilities will help the growth of the people and the
nation, especially economically. He will attain major results and become famous. He should be
assigned to influential positions.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be helped by others, as well as attain some
achievements on his own. He will have a long and generally easy life.
Be at peace with yourself.
You will be aided by your friends and peers. Good fortune

4
partial clarification and/or exhaustion) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom,
Considering grace (beauty, an image, partial clarification and/or exhaustion) is (was, might,
Adorned as in white (as with white hairs).

Like a white horse decorated with red pheasant's feathers.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not (just) a highway-man (or a robber),
but a bridegroom (a worthy associate) to love (and/or be devoted to).
One (what occurs) has no base intentions, but is (was, might, will, or should be) having
superior qualities, while searching a virtuous and sound union (or association)."
Gathered sources: Here, the color white is associated with the color of white or gray hairs, or those of
a beautiful and remarkable decorated horse that can't fail to be noticed. It points to someone or
something that "stands out", that is remarkable as well as venerable, honorable and mature (having
aged, like the white hairs).
In other hexagrams, ceremony of marriage (union) and association is indicated by a team of four
differently colored horses. Here it is the courtship (the prospecting) that precedes to it that is indicated
by a white horse that is decorated with beautiful and impressive red feathers and other ornaments. It
indicates that in this case, the way to a union or association is clearly marked with signs and
ornaments that stand out.
It may point to the fact that one is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) adorning (beautifying,
ornamenting, changing) oneself (such as) to be "white as snow", becoming (so to speak) as "a white
horse", or that such is (already) the case. It is about having the right attire (clothes, feathers, tools,
and/or methods) for what one is (was, might, or will be) dealing with.
However, the color white also points to the fact that (here) only one way (one color, or one side of
things) gets clarified (or exposed).
Here, if something or someone is (was, might, or will be) hindering and/or delaying ones progress (or
movement), this should not be considered as an obstacle but a matter of how union or association is
to occur. For some cases it is a matter of matrimonial alliance. It means that once the conditions of
the (new) relation or alliance will be clear, the (general) movement and direction will be clear, and
there will be progress.
It may also mean that for the time being, one is (was, might, will, or should be) looking (as being)
adorned (beautified, clarified, enlightened, informed, considered) and (as) having obtained success,
but that this is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring only "in white" (only in one way, or on one
side); (Only) in a limited way.
One (or what occurs) is also (like) a white horse that seems to "fly" on white wings, coming to court
the lady (or receptive element or aspect). One (or what occurs) should not be mistrusted (or rejected),
one (or what occurs) is not (like) a thief (or a criminal), but has to offer remarkable qualities.

Therefore it is said: "(As) mounted on a horse, and furnished with wings, one seeks union with the
subject of the first line, while (the subject of) the third (line) pursues, not as a robber, but intent on a
(matrimonial) alliance."
This line is also associated with the question if things should be ornamented (made gracious and/or
more beautiful through various means) or that on the other hand one should look for simplicity
(facilitated by the occurring venerableness and maturity, and as symbolized by the color white).
The image associated with this line also points to the fact that sometimes, outward show can be a
sign of sincerity (qualities and/or good intentions). Accordingly, sometimes one has to choose to
display ones sincerity (qualities and/or good intentions) through such outward show.
Furthermore, a white horse with wings is symbolic of "winged thoughts" (inspiration, understanding
and communication) that transcend time and space.
This may also contain the advice that in order to attain ones objectives, one is (was, might, will, or
should be) using tried and proven methods and/or equipment, or on the other hand that one is (was,
might, will, or should be) projecting ones thoughts through "time and space" for it.
~ Profile
Thus, this person adorns himself inwardly with modern and ancient wisdom. This gives him the
external appearance of being superior. Some people therefore are afraid of him and imagine that he
will use his knowledge and power for wrong purposes. They see him in an adverse light but he is not
what they think. His objective is to cooperate to the maximum extent, using his broad knowledge to
be of service and benefit to others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be learned in both ancient and modern writings, and will be
a creative writer himself. He may have many hardships early in life, but as he progresses he will
make concrete gains, and possibly even amass great wealth. He may achieve fame.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also have hardships early in life, which will slowly change
to good fortune later. He will have faithful friends, and his family life will be moderately good.
Let your thoughts be cooperative.
Answers to our questions often come in a manner which at first seems strange.

5
partial clarification and/or exhaustion) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with)
ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in, with) the way things are managed (at

advantage.
Graciousness, beauty, and passion directed at a hilltop garden.

What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) like restrained, enrolled, or gathered but plain
(rough, unbleached, unprocessed, uncontrolled, or untreated) silk: meager and small.
On the other hand, this can be as one who is (was, might, will, or should be) adorned (as) by
the heights and gardens. One is bearing ones roll (or robe) of silk small and slight.
One (what occurs) is walking (moving) around "the garden of rocks" (the garden on the
mountain), but ones belt (robe, dressing, or cover) which is (as) made of silk (delicate
material) is of the worst (fragile, weak) quality.
If something will go wrong, this will be due to ones own messiness or lack of good thinking,
and anticipation.
This means that there is (was, might, or will be) a loss of honor, or some degree of shame,
distress, regrets and humiliation, followed by good fortune.
Completing, beginning: significant.

Completing will mean a final end, beginning will be like bridging one year to the next as during
wintertime (cold, and potentially unpleasant).
When aroused (consulted), or answering, one may appear stingy, but there will be good
fortune at the end (when things are completed), when started in the right way."
JLK: At the center of the image of this line there is what is like "a roll of silk" (clothing, cocoons, or
ornaments). It has beauty and is of fine material yet it is not sturdy (or otherwise well-adapted)
enough for the tough (difficult, or complex) circumstances (or challenges) it is exposed to, being too
delicate, fragile, and/or fragmented (ripped to pieces). This results in some degree of humiliation and
regrets, but there will be good fortune at the end.
That which is symbolized by the silk (clothing, cocoons, or ornaments) occurs in relation to one or
more personalities that are famous, prominent (to some extent), or important. The silk then can stand
for a tribute, eulogy, or other kind of sign of respect and/or affection. Here, even though the intention
is to give honor, the means put to use are not at the level of sturdiness (strength, resilience,
effectiveness) and/or grace (beauty, coherence, balance) that is required (and/or appropriate).
On the other hand, the fact that one is "adorned (as) by the heights and gardens" can only be
favorable, if one remains modest, considerate (polite), and contained (maintaining ones self-control).
If one can not achieve this (modesty and consideration), something will go wrong. Even if this is the
case and if there appears to be misfortune, the fact that one is "adorned (as) by the heights and
gardens" means that on a higher level there will (in the end, ultimately) be good fortune.
The image of a "hilltop" garden furthermore suggests that the matter at hand occurs in an
environment that is (literally) like a garden on a hilltop, i.e. isolated, possibly out of the view (for most
people), or hard to view (since it is located in a place that is high and/or remote).

Gathered sources: The "good fortune" falling to the six in the fifth place, affords occasion for joy. The
"good fortune" of this line will come as "blessings" (as "graciousness"), and only after somewhat of
an ordeal.
The significance of completing, or beginning (since beginning is also the completion of the stage that
preceded it), is due to this leading to the experience of meaning, like the understanding of a sage, or
wise man.
In the Mawangdui text, the ideogram used for indicating "completing", or "beginning", is that of a silk
cocoon. It is located high on top of a mountain, in a kind of garden. The top of the mountain, or
mound, indicates a graveyard, or place of ancestral reverencing, as these locations tended to be
specifically favored and chosen for this in ancient China.
Thus, the silk cocoons, draperies, or other plain (unprocessed but cultivated, and life beholding)
"whiteness", as occurring in the high garden, can represent offerings to the departed, or spirits, in
reverence. It may also mean that the silk (draperies, or other delicate, or fragile (though) plain
(unprocessed, unadapted) ornamenting or wrapping material (words, or system) comes from (or is
given by) ones ancestor (as) to serve at the sacrifice, or occasion.
It can (on the other hand, also) indicate "one walking around in ones robe of silk". The silk material of
the robe is fragile, extravagant, or otherwise bearing attention. It is not the good moment to "wear"
what is like silk (or refined) material (and/or to be involved in a delicate or fragile situation). Doing this
might cause a lack in the reliability of things, as well as shame, distress, regrets and humiliation. An
alternative interpretation for the ideogram depicting the silk is that of "fragmented silk", or in other
words: silk that is falling apart, ripped to pieces.
Thus, this image of this line is like that of the Emperor's hills and gardens surrounding Beijing. These
serve as objects of admiration by the people, and help to satisfy inner yearnings as well as a desire to
be associated with success. Some Emperors even like to display moderation in the way they dress.
But people expect a greater show of superiority and nobility. This causes some temporary humiliation,
but since the goals and motives are right, good fortune ultimately prevails.
On the other hand, the image can indicate one is "walking around" as "in the high (mountain)
gardens", but only protected (or adorned) by (what is as) "a silk robe" (refined, but) of inferior quality
(and/or "fragmented", ripped to pieces). The wind, rain, rocks, vegetation, temperature, or other
possibly occurring circumstances (like conflict, rough activity, toughness, etc...), would require
different, or better (more "sturdy", and adequate) clothing (or protection, measures, or a way of
governing). Such a situation (where one is not adequately "dressed", "armed", or provided for) must
certainly lead to a point where ones vulnerability or inappropriateness will bring misfortune, which will
lead to shame and regrets.
Thus, there may occur rough (or "tough") circumstances.
Likewise, a message of beauty (in reverence of the spiritual) may be spoiled, or obstructed by
roughness (rough sounds, or tough attitudes), which may make it come short of its aim (lacking
wholesome, complete, or "undisturbed", and pure circumstances, or conditions).
The stones of the hill-mountain, are in contrast with the finesse, or taste (type) of the reverence
intended.
The paradox occurs where the hill-mountain, as well as the silk draperies (or the type of reverence) is
defined (originated) by ones ancestors, or occurring and applied (as) in reverence (or gratitude) of
them, or "the house (or temple) that they have build" (or left behind).
If there is shame, and if one experiences regrets, this will mean an improvement, and lead to
correcting ones attitude. Thus, completing or beginning will be significant, and lead to a deepening of
ones general understanding.

Consequently, wise leaders will recognize the value of example, and will use external ornamentation
and graciousness befitting their station even though they may personally dislike doing so.
"When aroused (consulted), or answering, one may appear stingy, but there will be good fortune at
the end": this means the occurring answer (as given by the Yi Jing, or others), and the way of
answering (or acting) may appear stingy (irritated) in this case, but this is only for the good (leading to
what is good), as there will be good fortune at the end.
~ Profile
The persons depicting here may have problems getting the respect they need for successfully
realizing their endeavors, due to the poor quality of their appearance.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be pure and honest, leading his country or his enterprise
well. He may have a tendency to be parsimonious, but not to a dangerous degree. He will gain
considerable wealth and possessions as a result of good leadership, and can expect a long life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a man of small mind and limited vision, who will find it
hard to support himself, let alone lead others beneficially.
Purity and honesty are highly valued in self-development.
Beware of set-backs due to negligence over details. In the end good fortune prevails.
partial clarification and/or exhaustion) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle,
wisdom, Heaven's law).
What occurs is (was, sight, will, or should be) simple graciousness (elegance, beauty or
brilliance).
Ones only ornament (decoration, sign of beauty, brilliance) is (as) white (bright, clear, neutral,
non-interfering).
There will be no mistake in this; No error. No blame"
JLK: "There will be no mistake in this" indicates there will be no mistake in things being presented
and/or occurring in a simple fashion, as symbolized by the ornament (or by what is at the center of
ones inquiry) being merely in "white" (bright, clear, elegant). In other words: one is (was, might, will, or
should be) keeping things simple, yet gracious.
The freedom from mistake (error) attached to the subject of the topmost line, with no ornament but

the simple white, shows how through "simple graciousness" one is (was, might, will, or should be)
attaining ones aim.
Here, to apply "simple graciousness" implies that is is in accordance with Heaven's law (the ruling
principle).
Gathered sources: At the highest stage of development all ornament is discarded. Form no longer
conceals content but brings out its value to the full. Perfect grace consists not in exterior
ornamentation of the substance, but in the simple fitness of its form.
~ Profile
Those described here are beyond the necessity for ornamentation or adornment. They are the ones
who are noticed wherever they go, no matter what they may be wearing. They present an external
reflection of a highly developed inner self, which is similar to what a Zen master or guru can see when
he looks at those students who are meditating truly and gaining in spirituality.
Such persons have found the true, real values in life, and know that simplicity is among the highest
attributes of the most good. These people are a blessing wherever they are, and whatever they are
doing.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will lead a simple and natural life as a result of his great
innate, and cultivated, wisdom, along with his ever increasing intelligence. Despite his simplicity he
will render true service to others, have good fortune and become rich.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a good and quiet character, and will serve mankind,
but to a lesser degree than the most auspicious. He will be quite able to take care of himself
appropriately, as well as others who may be dependent on him.
Simplicity frees one from error.
Abandon ornamentation when it has served its purpose. Return to simplicity. Your wishes will be
achieved.

Hexagram 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling Away)
- Bo (Po)
The theme of hexagram 23 is twofold. On the one hand it is about destruction and disintegration as it
occurs through gradual deterioration and/or due to cutting or breaking something apart, and/or
something falling away. What is experienced is (was, might, will, or should be) as something that is
(was, will, might, or should be) "falling (or fallen) away", disintegrating, disappearing.
On the other hand it is about cutting things away from their context, like cutting a painting (or a certain
view) out of its frame in order to free it from its usual setting and that way be able to analyze things
better.
The Image says:
"the deterioration; change through deterioration; to split apart; the splitting apart;
to break apart; to cut away, cleavage;
the falling away; the intrigue; the destruction; the disintegration; to strip; to analyze;
the ripe fruit left uneaten:
The mountain resting upon the earth.

The earth below (or within) the mountain.
JLK: If the earth is unstable, the mountain will crumble.
Thus the superior one, in accordance with the occurring circumstances, can only save the
situation by giving in (yielding) to the inferior (small, weak, receptive, evil).
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) learning to "let go", and move
towards what is Great (strong, creative, right, loving), leaving what is small (weak, passive,
bad, evil), behind.
Those who are inferior (in a position of smallness, and/or weakness) are (were, might, will, or
should be) learning (experiencing, understanding, knowing) from the sadness of loss.
The Great Man will do whatever he needs to, or will refrain from taking action, in order to adapt
(himself, and/or things) to those who are small, and/or below him.
This way, he will make certain to be avoiding their anger.
JLK: The Great Man will let all that is inferior, and/or unnecessarily obstructing unity (union),
fall away (deteriorate), so that in the end only what is good (right, creative, loving) remains;
He will do this either by letting things fall away (apart) from him, or by separating himself from
those who (and/or that which) would cause destruction, and/or bring (cause) smallness
(weakness, inferiority, evil)."
JLK: Hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling Away), shows the mountain (the
immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) resting upon the earth
(the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). If the earth is unstable (weak), the mountain
will crumble, break apart. On the other hand, by being still (immobile, tough) the mountain can
overcome the instability (weakness) of the earth (to some extent). This gives the idea of deterioration,
which results in a falling away of what has been stacked up and grown tough, and/or through

immobilization and analysis (by being immobile and contemplating the world that is in movement, one
obtains a clearer picture of things).
The time of deterioration (splitting apart, falling away) is a time of smallness (receptiveness,
passiveness, weakness, openness), and/or closely associated with what is small (weak, receptive,
passive, small, open, female, dark), as described by inner hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the
Passive).
Gathered sources: The mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information) standing (resting) on the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark)
will collapse if her foundation is too narrow, or if she is too steep. Only if she is high, Great, big,
broad, and not being pretentious or abrupt, will she keep her ground.
In the same way governments depend on the broad support of the people (just as individuals depend
on the support of their neighbors and family - JLK: and/or on the support of, and/or guidance by
reliable wise ones, wisdom and experience). They have to give prove of their generosity and their
superior state of mind, like the earth giving support to all beings. Only then will they succeed in
getting a stable situation, like that of a resting mountain.
That's why it says: "The superior one will do whatever he needs to, or refrain from taking action, in
order to benefit those who are small, or who are below him. This way, he will make certain to be
avoiding their anger."
Etymological study of the original Chinese characters has indicated the original Chinese word "Po"
(the name of the hexagram) basically stands for "a knife", "to peel", "to carve", or "to divine". It takes a
double meaning here. On the one hand it symbolizes how things are cut or torn apart (separated),
and thus destroyed (and/or transformed). On the other hand it indicates that, if the circumstances
demand it, one has "to cut things away" (or out of their context), separating or "peeling" away layer
after layer, getting rid of obstruction and difficulties, as this is the only thing that will be advantageous
to do.
JLK: It is possible to foretell what will be occurring, if one cuts apart and strips away that which is
keeping one from having a clear picture of the situation; If one will "cut things down" to their essential
or archetypal truth.
At the same time, (what are like) cuts, carvings, and/or other traces and "signs" that are left as "on the
wall" (or anything else for that matter) can give one indications about what has occurred or what will
be occurring.

The Judgment says:
"Deterioration, change through deterioration, splitting (breaking, cutting, separating) apart, to

break apart, cleavage, falling way, intrigue, destruction, disintegration, stripping, analyzing,
analysis, a ripe fruit left uneaten:
There is (was, might, or will be) a gradual intrigue and deterioration (with the passing of time).
There is (was, might, or will be) intimidation and provocation.
Under these occurring circumstances it is (was, might, and will) not (be) advantageous to
make a movement in any direction whatever (to have a place to go to, or to pursue a goal).
JLK: Use and install a safe margin, or safety-net (be sure to do it properly!).
The considering, adequately and in time, of a safety-zone (a safe distance, a time margin, or
safety back-up) will determine the success.
One might be in a position to say:

"Let all fall away that is not love, and/or that hinders love;
Let all that causes destruction, and/or bring (cause) smallness (weakness, inferiority, evil) fall
away (deteriorate).
Let all that is small (weak, passive, bad, evil) return to smallness;
And let all that is Great (strong, creative, right, loving) find Greatness.""
JLK: When things are falling apart (deteriorating, separating, falling away) they end up exposing what
they are made of, their true nature, qualities or lack thereof. This allows one to see, analyze, and
understand things. For the one who is in the middle of the process of things falling apart
(deterioration) the difficulty is to gain full insight and understanding, as things only become genuinely
clear at the end (at completion). By using the Yi Jing one can at least partially understand about what
is at hand, and the direction things are going.
Letting go of what is inferior will let one find (obtain) what is Great.
Gathered sources: It is not (has not been, might, or will not be) a good time to go out, exposing
oneself to the elements, while fulfilling an endeavor (pursuing a goal).
Under the occurring circumstances, what is small (weak, vulgar) is (has been, might, or will be)
succeeding in changing (overthrowing) what is strong (Great, noble, creative, filling, etc..).
One is at risk of upholding a moralistic standpoint, which will only end up being painful for oneself.
This is a period where vulgar and small people come up and try to evict the last strong and noble
person. Since this is due to the course of time, there is no advantage for the superior one in doing
anything (or having any place to go to, or goal to attain) on the spur of this moment. It is best to stay
(put) where one is, and to accept the presently occurring circumstances.
How one is (was, might, should or will be) reacting or behaving is indicated by the trigrams. Under the
mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) lies the
earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark): in this context it indicates surrender,
desertion, the possibility of being formed or shaped, the compliance, the yielding and the openness.
JLK: On top of the earth appears the mountain: it indicates rest and immobility, something stacked up,
pushed around, and growing tough(er) through the course of time. It may also represent the (piece of)
"information", or a home. Here, it consists of a gathering of what is small, like the earth (weak, inferior,
receptive, yielding).
Gathered sources: From this follows the advice to adapt to bad or demanding times, and to stay calm.
What occurs is not merely caused by human behavior, but caused by temporary circumstances,

following the laws of Heaven, and those of the Universe, that will allow for some alternative growth
and decline, increase and decrease.
Commentary
The trigram Gen, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information) is resting on the trigram Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open,
female, dark). The law of change and the law of equalization are operative here. The action of the
latter is to try and reduce the mountain and fill up the valleys, and by the former, the five Yin lines are
trying to cast out the one remaining Yang.
The action is symbolized (in the texts for the individual lines) by the pattern of the lines representing a
bed, with presumably, someone on it. Efforts are being made to separate this person from the
situation.
Basically this hexagram represents inferior persons who may be trying to climb, using surreptitious
and nefarious methods, with a desire to replace or overthrow the one at the top. Cleavage of interests
and actions naturally results. It may be that the person who has this natal hexagram is behaving in
inferior ways, but it may also be that on the contrary he is besieged by those who are behaving in
inferior ways.
Fortunately, the inner hexagram is Kun, the earth, which also stands for the receptive. Hence there is
considerable hope for those wise enough to let themselves be led into correct ways and cooperative
efforts.
As for strong persons, they will become even stronger from their trials and experiences.
"Deterioration" (splitting apart, falling away) is primarily symbolic of the separation of good from evil,
of the Yang from the Yin, and hence actions taken are not advantageous, and/or paired with great
effort and/or difficulties. The Yang and the Yin ought to cooperate, and are most propitious when they
are in balance, not when in opposition. When they are in opposition nothing productive is
accomplished.
~ Profile
Persons with this natal hexagram would do well to cultivate and increase their virtue to recapture this
balance (between Yin and Yang).

Lines
"JLK: Deterioration (change through deterioration, intrigue, destruction, falling away,

stripping, splitting apart, cutting away, and/or analysis) is (was, might, will, or should be)
of doing things).
If it is (and/or leads to what is) (excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and there
will be misfortune.
Cutting away (stripping) the bed (the skin, the cloth) by destroying its legs (basis, or
foundation).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) overthrowing the bed (skin, cloth, hang-mat,
mattress, resting mat, ones coat, or "ones protecting body") by destroying its legs (basis, or
foundation): what occurs is (as) deterioration (destruction or analysis) at its beginning (at the
feet, from the legs going up, early, in the earliness of things, and/or too fast).
One is (was, might, or will be) lacking perseverance and/or stability.

Deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, falling away, and/or analysis) will
also occur to all firm correctness; And there will be misfortune, which might result in evil!
Discarding, or not correctly considering what is as "a trial" (a test, ordeal, or trial) brings
danger (a pitfall)."
JLK: The ominous image of this line may manifest on a personal (internal) level, and/or on a wider
circumstantial (external) level.
Here, under the occurring circumstances, one (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) cutting
away (what is like) "the bed", i.e. what is used as protection (when resting) by destroying the legs of
what is normally used to hold it (the frame). The frame has become useless.
The "overthrowing" of the "bed" may also manifest in (and/or related to) explicitly sexual or relational
ways (and/or matters), as at the earliness of things, and/or in the way of advancing.
The occurring circumstances are further described in the 1st line of hex 2. the Earth (the Receptive,
the Small). It indicates that one must concentrate on finding stability, and/or find better conditions for
what is at the center of the matter at hand.
Typically, this line may warn against one not persisting with the righteous action (or non-action) being
considered for the center of the matter at hand. One must be strong and bring matters to completion,
in a rightful way.
This line may also advise and/or warn that one should take note of the "trials" (difficulties, tests) one
may may encounter, or that others encounter, and learn from these. Otherwise one will encounter
more difficulties (danger, peril).
Gathered sources: One overthrows the bed (the couch, the heart, the coat, the wallet, ones protecting
body) by destroying its legs (its basis or foundation). Thus one begins ones work of ruin with what is
lowest in the superior one.
This indicates that here, deterioration (or analysis) starts at the base ("the legs", or "that which carries

(or begins) the body or object being at the center of what is presently occurring"). This may mean that
ones stability is (or will be) destroyed.
Otherwise, this can also indicate that one is "destroying" an opportunity, "at the beginning", and/or
by/while using the legs (or stand).
Thus, although the image of the text is that of the legs of a couch which are destroyed, here, it may
be that there is deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, or analysis) "at the toes", or
(as) in "ones way of moving", "ones way of progressing.
As this is the first line of the hexagram, either deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction,
or analysis) is (already) occurring as depicted: "at the the base", (the stand, the legs, the feet), or it is
(still) at its beginning, its "early state", or (even) before it has been able to occur, as it may be that it is
only the (mere) thought of deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, analysis) that may
occur now. In the latter case, misfortune would not yet have been allowed to be approaching one. But
this will have to be assessed in view of ones (specific) circumstances.
It may mean that now, as a general rule, one should be alert, and apprehensive, to any deterioration
(destruction or analysis) as it may be occurring "at the beginning", or "at the basis", (or the "legs").
One should "cut away the feet of the bed-frame": one must beware of doing something without firm
foundations and/or good advice. If the advice urges caution, follow this.
This line may indicate that inferior people are on the rise and are stealthily beginning their destructive
burrowing from below in order to undermine the place where the superior one rests. Those followers
of the ruler who remain loyal are destroyed by slander and intrigue. The situation bodes disaster, yet it
may well be that there is nothing to do but wait.
~ Profile
These individuals may be either good persons whom mean persons are trying to cast out, or the
mean persons themselves. It is quite possible that they will neither be wholly good nor wholly mean,
since everyone has some good and some bad in him. Their traits can range from those of a sour
misanthrope to those of a virtuous scholar. They are not gifted in any particular field, and can be
found in most careers. What distinguishes them from others is their motivation.
Most auspicious (in the best case): Will be, or will become, a virtuous and upright person, but not in a
very high degree. He will face many problems, but will be able to overcome them with rectitude.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be an insincere and supercilious climber, or a self-
righteous avenger. He will be a wanderer, and, on the whole, will have an unstable and difficult life.
Eliminate evil early on.
The situation seems to be deteriorating. Get rid of hindrances, and disloyal persons.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) deterioration (change through
deterioration, intrigue, destruction, falling away, stripping, splitting apart, cutting away, and/or
analysis) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or
regional).
Deterioration (change through deterioration, intrigue, destruction, falling away, stripping,

splitting apart, cutting away, and/or analysis) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
Cutting away (stripping) the bed (the skin, the cloth) by destroying its frame (its borders).
Cutting away (stripping, cleaving of, and/or overthrowing) the bed (couch, skin, cloth, hang-
mat, mattress, resting mat, ones coat, or "ones protecting body").
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (like) overthrowing the bed (couch, skin,
cloth, hang-mat, mattress, resting mat, ones coat, and/or "ones protecting body"), by
destroying its frame (its borders).
One goes on with the deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, falling away,
and/or analysis) to its limits (even at the border(s) of the bed); Or by marking, and/or stacking
it.
The deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, falling away, and/or analysis)
(goes on) at the border(s) of the bed (the couch, or "ones protecting body"): what occurs is
(was, might, will be) (as) deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, or analysis)
to its limits.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) lacking steadfast rectitude.
Then there is (was, might, or will be) misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) lacking perseverance and/or stability.
thus will proceed to include all firm correctness;
Then there is (was, might, or will be) misfortune, which might result in evil.
Discarding, or not correctly considering what occurs as "a trial" (a test, or ordeal) brings
danger (a pitfall).
The divination, and anticipation might be very disturbing.

If one anticipates correctly, one might be able to stick to the middle way."
away (and/or analyzing) (what is like) "the bed", i.e. what is used to protect and/or isolate (when
resting), by destroying what is normally used to hold it (the frame). The frame (context, and/or
support) is destroyed.
The deterioration may (explicitly) manifest in the form of the falling away (removal) of what is (was,
might, will, or should be) like a "bed" (skin, cloth, a buffer meant to protect and/or isolate), or the
frame (context, support) that it is meant to be used with. It may be related to bad management,

inferior (weak, small, evil) behaving and/or erratic chiefs (team-managers). Such a falling away may
be experienced as being hurtful, if one doesn't anticipate it. By anticipating correctly, one is able to
"stick to the middle", i.e. not let things deteriorate too far, or in ways that are too hurtful.
ways (and/or matters), as related to upholding good standards, and/or doing "good management".
The way to deal with what one is encountering (it be difficulties, or endeavors) is described in the 2nd
line of hex 2. the Earth (the Receptive, the Small). It indicates that one should act "without repetition",
i.e. in one movement, with accuracy, appropriate strength, and rightness, without having to do things
repeatedly.
Furthermore, one should try to stick to the middle way. One should be persevering until reaching "the
middle", then let (the) deterioration have its way. This will lead to success, even if it may look as if
there's (some form of) loss.
Typically, this line may warn against one not persisting with the righteous action (or non-action) being
considered for the center of the matter at hand. One must be strong and bring matters to completion,
in a rightful way. Paradoxically, here it means one should stick to "the middle way", and/or only go as
far as reaching "the middle" of (the distance of the) path being followed.
This is the 2nd line of the hexagram, which symbolizes the officer, official, and/or (local, regional)
chief. Here, one is (was, might, will, or should be) confronted by, and/or dealing with deterioration
(change through deterioration, destruction, falling away, and/or analysis) related to these, and/or
issues related to them or their way of doing things.
This line, like line 1, may advise and/or warn that one should take note of the "trials" (difficulties, tests)
one may may encounter, or that others encounter, and learn from these. Otherwise one will encounter
more difficulties (danger, peril).
Gathered sources: One overthrows the couch (or the bed, the heart, the coat, the wallet, or "ones
protecting body") by destroying its frame (its borders): the superior one has as yet no associates.
This may mean that one will not have any friends (associates, and/or resources) left (after splitting the
wheat from the shaft, assessing and analyzing without restraint, "to the limit"). Nobody (nothing) can
(could, or should) be trusted.
Deterioration (destruction or analysis) is occurring at its limits (or at the border). It means that it can
not progress any further (than the limits it has reached), but this may also mean that one is marking
off a limit (or border), or undoing one, and that this is what causes (or avoids) the deterioration
(destruction or analysis).
Also, all correctness befalls to deterioration (destruction or analysis), although if one will consider
things as being "a trial" (a test, or ordeal), then in the end, correctness may be a result from what is
The fact that the divination, and anticipation might (is, was to, or will) be experienced as being "very
disturbing" indicates that tremendous, and cosmic powers are at work.
General comment
The cleavage of the good from the bad is even more pronounced here than in line 1.

~ Profile
The good person finds it hard to avert the evil that is closing in about him, as is the case here. The
evil persons are similar to those in line 1, but more knowledgeable, experienced and strong in their
ways. The good must take action to escape from evil, as often and as quickly as possible. However, it
must be done with flexibility, or else errors will occur which could lead to misfortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will become a rich, upright and virtuous person, but subject to
many slanders, lawsuits, intrigues, and attempts by others to obtain money (wealth, resources).
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is likely to be obsequious, and to have ulterior motives.
Those somewhat more elevated in character will work hard, but will find it difficult to support their
family and have good family relationships. No help from friends or relatives should be expected.
It is dangerous to lack a firm purpose.
Beware of competition setting in. Take appropriate action.
analysis) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) cutting (it, things, the others) away
(stripping, cleaving, and/or overthrowing it, things and/or the others).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be be) (as) one of the overthrower(s);
One splits with the others (and/or things that are unrelated, alien, or exterior to oneself).
One (what occurs) is "peeling off", or "cutting away" (or analyzing) all (the layers and aspects
of that which is occurring).
The deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, falling away, and/or analysis) is
complete.
What occurs is (as) deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, falling away,
and/or analysis) of all.
One is causing deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, falling away, and/or
analysis) of all.
But there will be no mistake; No error."
JLK: Here, under the occurring circumstances, one (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be)

cutting away (splitting-off, removing) something or someone concerning the matter at hand. It may
mean that one is "splitting" with others, and/or distancing oneself from things that are unrelated, alien,
or exterior to oneself.
It may be that the cutting away (splitting-off) is (was, might, will, or should be) done (started) by
oneself, the other(s), or both.
There is no error/mistake in the fact that all is "cut away", "cut loose", and/or "peeled off", however
this doesn't mean that things are right in a larger context, due to the fact that one may be isolating
oneself (cutting oneself off from certain options) in one way or another.
The way to deal with what one is encountering (it be difficulties, or endeavors) is described in the 3rd
line of hex 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the Passive). It indicates that one should keep ones (its)
excellence under restraint (yet while firmly maintaining it), and to manifest it at the proper time.
Analyzing things is no error.
Conversely and/or alternatively, this line may indicate one is (was, might, will, or should be)
questioning what one should consider being of "oneself" (what lies at the interior, within ones ego
and/or moral values), and what belongs to (is associated with) others (what lies at the exterior). One
must also consider this from the viewpoint of being part of a "whole" (a certain fullness of things).
Here, it is good to return to what lies inside, and move away from what is alien (at the exterior), all
while adapting to living (experiencing) within the greater context of things (life, the world, the
Universe).
That "there will be no mistake (no error) on the part of (this) one (being) among the overthrowers",
arises from the difference between one and (all) the others above and below.
This means one is (was, will or might be) losing contact with all: as well those who are above
(superior), as those who are below (inferior to) us. One finds nobody that is willing to be following
one, on the way towards that which one considers to be virtuous and right.
When one is having obligations to persons whose actions are immoral or offensive, one does not
have to participate. Just leaving (the situation) is (was, might, or will be) appropriate.
~ Profile
The five Yin lines, pushing upward, are uniting and working together to cast out goodness, i.e. the
Yang line at the top. Line 3 is central among the five Yin lines, and so is the one most concerned and
involved in the effort. It is the only one, however, with a correct correspondence, and since this is with
line 6 no error is made. This correspondence causes the more auspicious to try to dissociate
themselves from evil and support the good. Since line 3 is a Yin in the wrong place, some of these
persons will succumb and join in the majority effort, whatever its nature. The more auspicious work
well in solitude, are studious, diligent and full of fortitude. The less auspicious have a herd instinct and
need companionship for their efforts, especially if they are nefarious. When by themselves they are
practically useless.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be better than average in virtue and in his efforts to lead a
good and purposeful life. He will be generally very persistent.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have but little virtue, and scant good fortune. He will tend
to be an iconoclast.
Beware of isolation.

Use extreme caution. You have temporarily lost contact with your juniors and your seniors alike.
analysis) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones
emotions).
Deterioration (change through deterioration, intrigue, destruction, falling away, stripping,

splitting apart, cutting away, and/or analysis) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
Cutting away (stripping) the bed (the skin, the cloth) from its frame.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) cutting away (stripping, cleaving,
and/or overthrowing) the bed (skin, cloth, hang-mat, mattress, resting mat, ones coat, or "ones
protecting body") to the point of hurting (causing destruction and/or pain in) the body (ones
heart, ones emotions).
JLK: A splitting-off (cutting away, and/or a radical change in doing things) might be necessary.
Doing so, and (while) getting ones body (protecting layer, and/or emotions) out of harms way,
and/or (otherwise) adapting oneself, avoids unnecessary misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) having overthrown the bed (the
couch), and proceeding to injure the skin (or flesh) of the one (or those) who lies (lie) on it.
One goes on with the deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, falling away,
and/or analysis) even (like as) on the mattress of the bed (couch, or "heart"), proceeding to
injure ones skin (or flesh).
occurs (or goes on including) on the mattress of the bed (the couch, or in the flesh of "ones
protecting body").
What occurs is (as) deterioration (change through deterioration, destruction, or analysis) of
"the flesh".
There will be misfortune, which might result in evil."
away (and/or "overthrowing") (what is like) "the bed", i.e. what is used as protection (when resting),
from what is normally used to hold it (the frame). One is at risk of hurting "ones body". Harming "the
body", may (also) point to how ones emotions (and heart) are harmed.

ways (and/or matters), as related to (and/or affecting) the hearth (and/or emotions).
The way to deal with what one is encountering (it be difficulties, or endeavors) is described in the 4th
line of hex 52. the Mountain (the Immobile). It indicates that one should quiet the heart (and/or the
emotions, or what is like this).
The splitting-off (cutting away, a radical change in doing things, discerning, and/or analysis) that is
(was, might will, or should be) occurring here is necessary, but it is at risk of causing great harm to
ones body (protecting layer, and/or emotions). If one can take the proper measures to avoid ones
body being hurt, this is (was, might will, or should be) avoiding unnecessary misfortune. It may be
difficult to grasp the principle behind what is at hand. One should not wish to clarify all (and/or over-
analyze).
Additionally and/or alternatively, this line may point that something is (was, might, will, or should be)
falling away (deteriorating) in the heart. It is a process of detachment by letting natural deterioration
(falling away) have its course.
Gathered sources: The mattress is destroyed to the point where it is (was, might, will or should be)
hurting the flesh of the one lying on it (or what is like that): calamity is (was, might, or will be) very
near at hand (or has already happened)!
On the one hand this can indicate a physically threatening situation.
On the other hand this can mean that one should take care such as not to over-examine something in
such a fashion, or to the extend that one is (was, might, or will be) destroying it altogether.
One has overthrown the bed (or the couch, the heart, the coat, the wallet), and proceeds to injure the
skin of the one who lies on it (this may be oneself): calamity is very near at hand!
One is (was, might, or will be) (as) cutting away (allowing deterioration to) what is "covering" (or
protecting) the bed (the couch, the heart, the coat, or the wallet). This is (was, might, or will be) bad
(full of misfortune, which might result in evil).
Here, the deterioration (cutting away, change through deterioration, destruction, or analysis) occurs
as (it goes on) (as) on the mattress of the bed (the couch, or in the "flesh" (the muscles, organs, or
"substance", in contrast to (the) bones, or skeleton) of "ones protecting body").
This can mean that one should take care such as not to over-examine something in such a fashion,
or to the extent that one is (was, might, or will be) destroying it altogether.
General comment
In ancient times, the "mattress of the bed" was no more than a piece of cloth or skin attached across
the frame. When this is torn, the bed becomes useless and the occupant faces danger. This imminent
danger keeps such persons from being as effective as they normally would be. This symbolism is
carried over into their lives.
They are prone to experience sudden handicaps, dangers and misfortunes instigated by others.
Furthermore, there is no one close to them nor near them to help them in their efforts to progress and
advance.
Hence, these persons need to have exceptionally strong characters to survive such conditions and
not be pulled under or overcome by the dangers and evils surrounding them.
Lines 1, 2, and 3 also have adversities associated with them. But here the evil is even stronger than
in the previous three lines. Fortunately line 4 is virtually independent of - rather than cooperating with

- lines 1, 2, and 3. Therefore the evils, even though great, can be overcome by the individual himself.
How well one does depends solely on the individual.
Most auspicious (in the best case): The truly strong will put trepidation into the hearts and minds of
evil persons approaching them. They will automatically draw away from evil by virtue of their innate
goodness. Their lives will be difficult but successful.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): The evil is great, and hence these egregorious persons will
have a tendency to destroy themselves by their actions. They may make temporary gains
occasionally. They will have no surviving heirs.
Great good counters great bad.
You are in the midst of some danger which cannot be avoided. Be of renewed courage.
analysis) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions,
orders), and/or through (in, with) the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the
authorities, and/or the ruling consensus), and/or through (in) the way one is nourishing

will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) leading the others like a string of
fishes, and obtaining for them the favor that lights on the inmates of the palace.
Conversely, a string of fishes (high quality nourishment that is well organized and/or
presented) wins (conquers) the favors of those in power.
Favors are obtained (and/or come) through the court ladies (the palace residents).
In the end there will be no grudge against one.

There will be advantage in every way."
JLK: The key to success under the occurring circumstances, is described in the 5th line of hex. 52,
the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness), and consists of having ones "words" (or what is like this)
well ordered. It may mean one behaves in a way that is highly courteous and well contained, and/or
refrains from emotional (and/or angry) outburst. It might point to the necessity to have ones words be
in accordance with ones actions, and that both should be sincere, so they can be trusted.
Due to the deterioration, one can not achieve ones goals in a free, independent, and/or sovereign
way. Therefore one must work through "the court ladies", i.e. those who are close to the ruler (and/or
the ruling consensus).

By analyzing things (the secondary meaning of this hexagram), one learns how to deal with the
situation, with those in power, and/or with those who are close to the ruler(s) and/or acting according
to (and/or following) the ruling consensus. Offering analysis (understanding, knowledge, expertise,
experience) can also let one gain the trust and favors of "the court ladies".
Alternatively and/or conversely, here, it may be that the fact that one is dealing with the ruler or those
who follow the ruling consensus may be a matter of contention (conflict). Can one win the trust
(confidence) one is dealing with? Do they deserve ones own trust (confidence)?
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, advantage comes from winning (conquering)
the favors of those who hold power, and/or those who provide it, i.e. either those who rule and/or
those who offer the required basis to rule (the people and/or those who provide the necessary
resources).
Fishes that are put on a string symbolize bounty (and/or a fishing trophee). It also symbolizes fertility,
due to the nourishment it provides.
The court ladies (the palace residents) indicate those who are close to power.
Here, one wins the favors of those who are in power and/or close to power, thanks to offering what is
like a string of fishes. Additionally and/or alternatively, it is by organizing things as when putting fish
on a string that one wins (conquers) the favors of those in power and/or those who (or that which) can
provide power.
Thus, at the center of what is occurring lies the issue of how one deals with resources such as fishes
that have been caught, i.e. nourishment and/or bounty, and how these are organized, used and
shared.
The "string of fishes" with which one obtains the favor of those in power or those close to power, may
also symbolize the trust and confidence one has acquired, and which here can be used to ones
advantage.
The fact that favors are obtained (and/or come) through "the court ladies", indicates that they come
through what is small (receptive, female, passive) yet in a position of (some degree of) power.
General comment
This line is the leader of the five Yin lines and leads them like a school of fishes. Being close to line 6,
it is influenced by it, changing its nature to goodness. Leading a group to cherish goodness and
virtue merits great reward, hence everything is favorable. Religious, political and military leaders,
primarily, are depicted here, those who have a natural attraction for others, the gift of the gab, and a
professional expertise that commands respect and a following.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a great and noble person, who fosters the welfare of
the nation and the betterment of mankind. He will greatly aid the evolutionary process, and will be
adept in both civil and military matters, even if in a religious order. He will leave a favorable
impression wherever he goes.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be above average in his personal and professional
ability and management. He may however need, and receive, some help from his superiors (mentally
and spiritually).

Cooperation leads to success.
The overall situation is still dire, but you can pursue your goals with some assurance of success.
analysis) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) leaving a large (ripe) fruit uneaten
(spoiled, wasted).
The superior (great, strong, creative) one is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) receiving a
carriage (and/or is moved), whereas the inferior (small, weak, receptive) man is (was, might,
will, or should be) (as) losing his house."
JLK: The image of this line (which may be ominous or not, depending on the circumstances) may
manifest on a personal (internal) level, and/or on a wider circumstantial (external) level.
The large (ripe) fruit may occur in a way that is quite litteral, but it may also symbolize a benefit or
advantage with a certain "sweetness" and/or nourishing qualities.
The fruit referred to in this line, represents something completely different for the superior (strong,
and/or rich) one than for someone who is inferior (weak, and/or poor). The former one does not need
it, while the latter cannot get (receive, and/or benefit from) it.
Similarly, while the inferior (weak, and/or poor) one loses his house (a certain state of things, and/or a
configuration) with catastrophic (unfortunate) results, on the other hand the superior (strong, and/or
rich) one may lose his house and then find a new one, thereby merely being "transported" to a new
place (a new way of doing things, and/or a new configuration), with (more, increased) blessed
(fortunate) results.
Things can be difficult to analyze when some of both cases seem to occur at the same time. It's
important to understand that the end (deterioration, destruction) of one thing can give birth to another,
for good or for bad.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) managing to make things work for him in any
situation - taking/receiving the best the situation has to offer - while the inferior one never had
something that really worked (in a balanced, controlled way) in the first place. The superior one
knows how to value (appreciate, consume, and/or use) what is like a ripe fruit, and when it has to be
let go of (even if it's that particular fruit). On the other hand, the inferior one can't attain this: he can't
value it (appropriately), nor can he receive it, nor does he know when it has to be let go of, nor is he
able to let it go.
This line may be a call to observe how the action of those involved in the matter at hand are to be

understood in light of the above: are they those of a superior one, or of an inferior one? Are they a bit
of both? What can be expected from this for the matter at hand?
For the inferior one this line indicates very unfavorable circumstances.
In contrast, for the superior one it can actually indicate advantage, as it may indicate some form of
progress, evolution, and/or transformation.
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may indicate there is a transformation going on, where the
inferior one finds himself transforming in a superior way (towards being a superior one), thus evolving
from having lost his house, to receiving a carriage.
Gathered sources: The ripe fruit, here, may (also) be seen as the image of (the lessons of) the
wisdom and virtue of the superior one, which he would gladly have shared with the others, but which
yet is left uneaten (by most).
The superior one find himself in a carriage: one is carried along (moved, set in motion) by the people.
The inferior (small, and/or weak, receptive people, men) by their course, overthrow their own
dwellings: and never again can they be of use.
This means that one who has behaved in a superior (virtuous) way, will find and obtain (what is like) a
carriage (as in the help and support from the people, even if this is not necessarily done in a
pleasurable way). But one who has behaved in an inferior (non-virtuous) way, will loose his house,
and overthrow his dwellings. He is considered not to be of any use (to the people, the others).
Those who have behaved in a virtuous way, will receive recognition and honors, but those who have
been maintaining their position (or ways) with dishonest, crooked, or other low methods and inferior
ways, will loose everything (or much).
Thus, it may occur that one is carried, while loosing (wasting, or missing out on) something at the
same time. The endlessness of the situation, comes in at the moment that one considers that in
nature, as it is known to humans, the boundaries between good and bad, superior and inferior, occurs
on an endless amount of levels, ways and dimensions. Most of the time, one will (and has to) know
intuitively (as from within) what is to be virtuous and good, and what not. But the directions and ways
this may lead one into, may be different each time.
Under the present circumstances, what matters most of all, is that things are in a state of deterioration
(change through deterioration, destruction, or analysis), which may be of use to the superior, and to
the loss of what is inferior (in one, or in that which occurs).
If the occurrence of this line points to the fact that one is (was, will or might be) acting in inferior ways
and therefore suffering loss, then one should firmly choose for progress, and accept things as
meaning that one is (was, might, or will be) "carried" into a new and (potentially) superior way of doing
things, as long as one will keep working at improvement (of oneself, the state of things or the
circumstances).
If the occurrence of this line points to the fact that one is (was, will or might be) acting in superior
ways and therefore enjoying good fortune, then one should be aware that doing things in inferior
ways always holds the danger of everything (or much) being lost at some point in time, and that to
avoid this one should always happily accept and enjoy the rich "fruit" (or opportunity) that is being
offered to one (by life, the universe, the others), or conversely (due to the reversibility of the line's
meanings), that some fruits should not be had if one chooses for a superior outcome.
The way to harmonize the occurring circumstances, is described in the 6th line of hex 52. the
Mountain (the Immobile), and will be found by keeping still (immobile) that which is Great, superior
and noble, in a Great, superior and noble way. This may also mean one is stacking up and/or storing
something in that way.

General comment
Those who survive the difficulties to this stage find a truly great cleavage between the good and evil.
The good, the Yang line, has remained in the hexagram and become exalted. There is much
nourishment available to others, as symbolized by the large uneaten fruit. Regrettably, the inferior
does not want it, consequently he suffers a separation from the good. The goodness here is
compounded of innate wisdom, strength, virtue, fortitude, and leadership. The person having these
qualities acquires whatever he seeks, and has the support of the people as well.
"The inferior loses his house" indicates that those who are not good will be unstable, have no firm
roots to rely on, and will probably lose their most precious possessions.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of great virtue, assigned to a highly influential
position, capable of dispelling calamities and of pacifying the nation. He will be impeccant.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be of low intelligence, vicious, vituperative, virtueless and
mean. He will probably lose his friends, family, and possessions, and be a constant source of trouble
to others.
Virtue generates its own rewards.
If you are a superior person you will receive much respect. If inferior, you will be castigated.

Hexagram 24, the Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of the Roads).
- Fu (Fu)
The theme of this hexagram is that of the return towards or from somewhere, something or someone,
or of something or someone, like when returning towards friends or relations, or the return (come-
back) of those. By extension, it is about reversing, like reversing a decision, a situation, and/or
context.
The Image says:
"the return; reversing; the comeback; the recovery; the turning point;
the renouncing (abstaining oneself) from communication, association, or travel;
the temporary closing of the roads (not traveling):
The thunder in (the middle of) the earth.

This is the image of the returning and reversing, the "closing of the roads" (not traveling).
Under the constellation of the returning and reversing, the ancient emperors, according to the
time and the circumstances - (as if it were) on the day (of what is, was, might, or will be like the
moment) of the midwinter solstice - closed access to the roads, and the gates to the passes.
Travelers, wanderers, salesmen, merchants, and others or foreigners, were not traveling
around, as they could not pursue their journeys;
Thus, the rulers themselves did not at this occasion travel across the regions, nor could they
go on with the inspection or the re-establishment of their (newly to be acquired) states,
projects or endeavors.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) returning within.
The Great Man will know when it is the right time no to go out (towards the exterior), and not
to be traveling (across the districts or regions), and instead will stay in the capital (the home),
celebrating the (arising, occurring, and/or special) occasion;
JLK: He will (always) be cautious when deciding on who or what should return (and be
welcomed by oneself), and/or who or what he should return to (who and/or what will welcome
one), as well as when and in what way (how) these should occur."
JLK: Hex. 24, the Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of the Roads), shows the image of the
thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) below (within) the earth (the receptive, passive,
small, weak, open, female, dark), where its course (energy) ends. The idea of return (reversing,
closing of the roads) is contained in the knowledge that all material things have a beginning and have
an end, even if temporary. Thus, sooner or later all things return to their primal (beginning,
awakening) stage, even if only temporary.
The time of return (reversing, closing of the roads) is a time of smallness (receptiveness,
passiveness, weakness, openness), and/or is closely associated with what is small (weak, receptive,
passive, small, open, female, dark), as described by inner hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the
Passive).

Gathered sources: What is (was, might, will, or should be) coming back (returing) is something of a
yang nature. Returning at the period of the solstice, the yang force is considered feeble and is
considered to benefit from rest.
The old emperors closed the roads [at given times], because they knew that return would either be
(too) forceful, or obstructed.
A "Great" (strong) return, or a return over a Great distance is heavily obstructed, or very forceful and
dangerous. There will be more advantage to return over a small distance, or thanks to "small" (dark,
vulgar, female, receptive) solutions.
This image may hold the advice that under the occurring circumstances, one has to consider ceasing
activities that consist of going "out" (moving towards the exterior, as when traveling) in some way or
another, and/or commercial transactions. Instead, one should stay and/or return within the sphere of
ones home (capital, and/or center), it be on a physical level or spiritual level. Depending on the
context, this may also mean one should take a temporary (seasonal) rest (a break, or holiday).
The Judgment says:
"Return, reversing, a comeback, recovery, a turning point, renouncing (abstaining oneself)

from communication, association, or travel, a temporary closing of the roads (not traveling):
If it is in accordance with the principle of return (returning, reversing), then all going forth
(exiting) and coming in (arriving) is free from error, and leads to success.
Friends (if they exist) will come, (and/or if they are present, they will) stay, or go away (exit);
Reversing things (and/or the context).
No error or mistake; No blame.

Life comes and goes, unfolds and folds back.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) returning (and/or reversing) in 7 days.
It is advantageous to have a firm goal."
JLK: This is a time to determine the right timing of what is at the center of the matter at hand, who are
ones (real) friends, and who aren't, what are the right opportunities one must seize or let go of, and if
it is the right time for a particular opportunity that is being considered, and/or if the right conditions
(and/or strategies) are occurring for it.
Depending on the time and circumstances, be sure to close the roads if that's what the situation is
calling for (considering all omens and indications), especially at the time of the winter solstice (see the
text of the Image). Things will reverse and/or improve with time (in what seems like "7 days").
Thus, this may be a time where one must understand who (or what) should be expected to come, and
who (or what) shouldn't be.
Gathered sources: This hexagram expresses the idea that the light force is the creative principle of
Heaven and Earth. It is an eternal cyclic movement, from which life comes forth again just at the
moment when it appears to have been completely vanquished.
Here, after a time of decay comes the turning point. The powerful light that has been banished
returns. There is movement but it is not brought about by force. The upper trigram Kun, the earth (the
receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) is characterized by devotion (following). Thus the
movement caused by the release of the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) is
natural, arising spontaneously. For this reason the transformation of the old becomes easy. The old is
discarded and the new is introduced. Both measures accord with the time. Therefore no harm results.

Societies of people sharing the same views are formed. But since these groups are (were, might, will,
or should be) coming together in full public knowledge and in harmony with the time, all selfish
separatist tendencies are (were, might, will, or should be) excluded, and (then) no mistake is made.
The idea of return is based on the course of nature. The movement is cyclic, and the course
completes itself. Therefore it is not necessary to hasten anything artificially. Everything comes of itself
at the appropriate time. This is the meaning of Heaven and Earth.
The fact that things are cyclical and returning in "7 days" also indicates that here, there is no need to
rush.
The fact that "friends (if they exist) will (or should) come, may also refer to "friendly situations", or
other friendly occurrence It means friendliness will (or should) be experienced.
Commentary
This hexagram illustrates concisely the law of change and its operation in the world.
All physical changes take place in six stages or actions. Going further then leads to a return of former
conditions, and the completion of the cycle. (Another view is that what is sent out will return in kind.)
Hex. 1, the Light (the Creative, the Active), is entirely yang. Changes enter from the bottom. In six
stages hexagram becomes entirely yin, hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the Passive). With the
seventh stage the yang starts to return, and the hexagram then formed is this one, hex. 24, the
Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of the Roads), Fu. The cycle can repeat itself endlessly.
The "seven days" mentioned in the text of the judgment are the seven stages of change, and with this
last change being the entering of a yang line at the bottom, with all the lines above being yin (which
stands for receptiveness), only then it is time to advance and make much progress.
Hence it is advantageous to have a firm goal. The time is particularly favorable for inventors, founders
of businesses, organizers, promoters and entrepreneurs; For those of clarity, vision, sound judgment
and fortitude. In their private lives these individuals will use the foregoing qualities to change
themselves within.
~ Profile
By profession, the kind of people symbolized here are inventors, founders of businesses, organizers,
promoters and entrepreneurs. They are persons of clarity, vision, sound judgment and fortitude. In
their private lives these individuals will use the foregoing qualities to change themselves within.

Lines
"JLK: The return (reversing, coming back, recovery, renouncing, abstaining from
communication, association, or travel, the temporary closing of the roads, not traveling) is
(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the
will be misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (like) returning from a short distance,
and/or reversing a little, or small amount.
This means one is (was, might, will, or should be) returning (or reversing) from (and thus
avoiding) a mistake (an error) that was not Great, and/or that was not endured to a Great
extent, and which would not proceed to anything that would require or call for Great
repentance, or regrets.
Thus, one is (was, might, will, or should be) returning to what is good.
There is (was, might, or will be) no need for remorse; Do not cultivate regrets.
If one will avoid to be making a mistake, or making errors, Great profit (Great good fortune,
Great advantage) is possible."
Gathered sources: Returning (reversing) from a mistake (an error) that is not Great, thus returning to
what is good, is the prelude to the cultivation of character.
There might occur a slight admonition, or warning, perhaps due or thanks to an impatient or
anticipating attitude or nature, but the turning point, or moment of returning or reversing is near.
This may depict one who has gone astray of what is the right way (or path). It may be that a slight
deviation from what is good can scarcely be avoided, but one must turn back from ones going astray
(even if ones mistake, or error is small, or insignificant) in time, before going too far, and before things
can result in great danger(s), or difficulties. This is especially important in the development of ones
character. Every faintly unfortunate or evil thought must be put aside, or reorganized immediately and
adequately, before it might take root in the mind. If one succeeds to achieve the right kind of balance,
then, there will scarcely be any cause for regrets or remorse, and all is going well.
This is a time where material, or substantial rewards may occur, but only if one will avoid (making)
mistakes (errors). At present, returning or reversing means one is avoiding such mistakes.
Here, the idea is that everything is coming together and that there is nothing better than this, but that
one should be patient and not rush to complete the tasks at hand.
See also Ta Chuan, section II, chapter V, par. 12.
The master said:
"I may venture to say that the son of the Yen family had nearly attained the standard of perfection. If
anything that he did was not good, he was sure to become conscious of that. And when he knew it,
he did not do the same thing again. As it is said in the Yi Jing: "The first line shows one returning from
a mistake (an error) that has not led one to go far astray. There is no reason or occasion for regret or
repentance. There will be Great Good"."

JLK: The situation occurring here is contradictory, as on one hand one is at the beginning of
something, yet at the same time one as as at the end of the day, at the end of a long and difficult
road. As it it is the time of closing-off the roads, it will be good to return (to ones self), so that nothing
gets lost.
~ Profile
This line is the ruler of this hexagram, and hence those depicted here are exceptionally strong and
courageous, mentally, physically and spiritually.
The trigram Zhen, the thunder (the movement, the arousing, the shock), is under (within) trigram Kun,
the earth (the receptive, the weak). This tremendous inner force is bound to create something great
externally.
As the ruler, this man leads and guides sincerely, with self-discipline, docility, humility and loving
kindness. This endears him to others, and they support his efforts and progress.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of great talent and noble character, and one who
enjoys accomplishments. He will cherish goodness and personal development. He will be an expert
organizer, and capable of founding a new government, a new business, or a new society. He will
become rich and famous.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a person primarily cultivating himself in Dao (the right
way), and not seeking fame or fortune. However, he will render beneficial support to others when it is
vital.
A quick return from minor transgressions is favorable.
A strong reform meets with little opposition and achieves good fortune. Exercise self-discipline.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) return (reversing, coming back, recovery,
renouncing, abstaining from communication, association, or travel, the temporary closing of
the roads, not traveling) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary,
The return (reversing, coming back, recovery, renouncing, abstaining from communication,
association, or travel, the temporary closing of the roads, not traveling) is (was, might, or will
be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things
One is (was, might, will, or should be) finding rest and/or quiet, then returning (reversing).
Then the return (reversing) is (was, might, or will be) praiseworthy.
Peace (rest and quiet) is (was, might, will, or should be) found in treating all (others, and/or
things) with appropriate, dignified and/or loving consideration. It is what leads to good karma.
In that case, there is (was, might, or will be) good fortune."
JLK: Return and temporary closing of the roads is occurring in what is as ones calves, i.e. ones
impulses, the temporary and/or intermediate. This means that one is (was, might, will, or should be)
not giving in to (merely) the first impulse. One is (has been, or should be) taking stock (rest, strength,
stability), and only then one is advancing in a way that is well-controlled.
It may be that what is at the center of the issue at hand offers a possibility to do both with good
measure and timing.
Gathered sources: Return (and/or reversing) always calls for a decision and is an act of self-mastery.
It is made easier if a man is in good company, in good health, and at peace (with inner rest and quiet).
If he can bring himself to put aside pride and follow the example of good men (of what is good, great,
strong and creative), then good fortune results.
Thus, this line points to the fact that under the occurring circumstances, it's necessary to find rest
and/or quiet, to restore ones strength, provision and/or balance, before returning to what is at the
center of the issue at hand. Then return will be praiseworthy, and lead to good fortune.
The occurrence of this line may additionally hold the advice that to bring about a positive change, one
requires perseverance, self-discipline, humility, and companions who are compatible.
The law of karma is symbolized here in that persons treating others (oneself, and/or things) with
consideration, tolerance, guidance, and loving kindness, - all being manifestations of peacefulness
and/or quiet - reap good fortune in return. This, naturally, is praiseworthy. This meaning is also
revealed if one considers the lower trigram. A change in line 2 from yin to yang produces the trigram
Dui, the ocean (the joy).
JLK: Conversely, this line may be a call to treat others with (more) respect, love, and/or appropriate
consideration, and to not cause others to lose their "face" (reputation). It may be that one is (was,
might, or will be) seriously lacking in ones treatment of others, or that one is (was, might, or will be)
treated in ways that are wrong. In those cases this line indicates an unfavorable situation.

On the other hand, it may be that a simple adjustment may bring things in order. Doing so is what will
bring rest, quiet, and ultimately peace.
It might be that this line calls for such an attitude (of treating others respectfully, and/or more lovingly)
towards oneself. The fact that it should be paired with (finding) rest, may add to such a positive
attitude (and/or state of things).
One must reckon with the fact that at some point in time one is (was, might, will, or should be)
returning to others, and that others are returning to oneself (are coming back). One better make
certain this will be possible on good terms.
In a general way, if the matter at hand shows someone who (or something that) is not considerate
and respectful with others, then things will go wrong, sooner or later.
~ Profile
These persons are individuals who exercise a very high quality of leadership, whether in public or
private life. They know that they personally are accountable for their every thought and action, and
consistently strive to make these the best possible.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a just and richly endowed man, who follows the golden
mean. He will not be boastful or egotistical, but will be sincere and loyal to all his personnel, and to
his professional obligations. He will be highly trusted and reliable, and will obtain riches and some
fame.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a man of good character, but one content to live
a private life, no matter what kind of life it may be. He will serve others quietly and unobtrusively.
Self-mastery is highly beneficial.
Consummate reforms in company with others of like mind whenever possible.

3
the roads, not traveling) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement),
occurring.
Incessant (repeated, or imminent) returns (reversals).

There are (were, might be or will be) difficulties (dangers, perils), but there will be no mistake;
No error, no guilt, and therefore no blame."
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) wishing to advance, but feeling forced to
return, and/or close the roads, due to conditions (at the exterior, and/or within oneself). One must
determine what really matters. If one goes on with constantly reversing, one will waste strength
and/or resources.
Gathered sources: The comment to this line may seem to offer contradicting indications, given the
fact that there are difficulties, yet at the same time no mistake is being made.
However, since the movement of the Dao is smooth flowing, then "incessant returns (and/or
reversals)" are inconsistent with this natural movement. Consequently, here, pursuing the way of
returning (to something, or someone, and/or reversing) leads to even more difficulties (dangers,
perils). Difficulties may have occurred previously, but there will be new difficulties after pursuing what
is at the center of ones inquiry (or of what occurs).
Notwithstanding the difficult and/or dangerous position of one who has made many returns, or of one
who has reversed much or (even) many (things, or people), there will be no error or blame (nor
blaming), thanks to the fact that one is aiming for righteousness.
One can not be blamed in any way for the difficulties (perils, or danger) that are (were, may, or will be)
occurring, or that one is (was, may be, or will be) experiencing.
This line depicts what is doing as "three steps forwards, two steps backwards". Thus, this can also
indicate one who is of a certain instability, and who feels a constant urge to reverse oneself, or to be
returning (to the past, or other). Thus, ones instability causes one not to go on, or not to consider the
way forward correctly, and even forces one (now and then) to do a step backwards.
This is like (repeatedly) going astray from what is good, giving in to uncontrolled passions, after which
one is returning back again, thanks to a better resolution.
However, as one has not been lead into habituation with the misfortune or evil (of the presently
occurring kind), nor passively been accepting it, the presently occurring way of behaving may not
(yet) be harmful to others (or the influence of others has not (yet) been able to be influencing one),
and all possibilities to overcome the difficulties or defect are not excluded.
This line indicates circumstances that are (were, may, or will be) changing, but no Great successes,
nor failures.

General comment
Line 3 is a weak, yin line in a strong place. It is not strong enough to take the action that is necessary.
Were it so, it could change to its opposite, which would produce the trigram Li, the fire (the
illuminating, that which sticks and exhausts). Many abortive attempts towards goodness,
halfheartedly carried through, result in repeated returns. Such unstable and vacillating action makes
one's position precarious.
~ Profile
Since these individuals are striving to do what is right, no damage will be done to their inner selves.
These persons are individualists who have some idea of what is right and what produces the best
results, and who make many experiments. They are to be commended for their efforts, even though
their accomplishments in their chosen field are not great.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will strive to cultivate his virtue and character, as well as
improve himself professionally. He will readily reform whenever he notes an error. He will frequently
advance and frequently retreat. At times he will be lucky, and at others unlucky. He will not attain
greatness.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have many hardships in life, along with, regrettably,
considerable sorrow.
Inner instability is dangerous.
Stop wavering. Strengthen your will power and you will become free from blame.

4
the roads, not traveling) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones
The return (reversing, coming back, recovery, renouncing, abstaining from communication,
association, or travel, the temporary closing of the roads, not traveling) is (was, might, will, or
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) going out together (in company), yet
(later) returning (or reversing) alone."
JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) returning to what is right and/or good.
Gathered sources: The image is that of someone who (or something that) is (was, might, or will be)
moving with, or amid others (those represented by the other weak lines), but yet returning (or
reversing) alone.
From this, the advice may be to follow the right way (the "central path") independently from others
(from what others do, say, or may think), or from small matters that may (or could) retain one.
Ones object is to pursue the proper, virtuous, firm, right and correct path, or way. One may be forced
to reverse, and come back alone (leaving the others, leaving and turning away from what "others" do
- or may be used to do - or turning away from small matters of little importance), if one wants to
continue along a path that is virtuous, and right.
This may depict someone who is in a society, or surrounding, that is composed of inferiority, or inferior
people and characters, but one is (as) connected and associated spiritually with a strong (Great) and
good friend (a good, and/or superior belief, idea, or cause), and this is what makes one turn back (or
away) alone.
It may be that an opportunity to turn things for the better (to improve things), which is not noticed, or
considered by others, is making one to come into action (to move). This may cause one to become
alienated from the others.
Although nothing is said about reward or punishment, the occurring return, or reversing must certainly
be favorable, for a resolve like this, to be choosing the good way (as this concerns a return to what is
good, and/or a reversing that is done for the better), brings its own reward(s).
This can also indicate the practical dedication and progress of a Daoist, who is being, or becoming,
free(d) from disappointment.
General comment
The symbolism here comes from this line being the middle line of the five Yin lines, and hence
walking among them. Fortunately, line 4 is a correlate of line 1, and this aids it favorably, but it is the
only line which has a proper correlation. Line 1 is very strong and this influences line 4 to return to

what is right without any promises of favoritism or reward.
~ Profile
These persons do not let themselves be swept along blindly with the crowd, or over-influenced by
their associates. They evaluate matters for themselves, and then try to do what they think is right.
Basically, they lack sufficient strength to accomplish great results, and would do well to constantly
cultivate themselves mentally and spiritually, and try especially to keep themselves up to date. Such
actions will promote auspiciousness.
Most auspicious (in the best case): With diligence and persistence he will become a man of virtue and
wealth. He will be calm in times of anarchy, rebellion or danger. He will not be stirred by demagogues,
whatever their allegiance. He will follow Dao (the right path).
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may work in a large organization, and strive for
independence of thought and action. He is likely to be in a position demanding considerable travel.
He may find restful conditions later in life.
Be prepared to tread a lonely path, if necessary.
Remain firm, even if others try strongly to lead you astray.
the roads, not traveling) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words

will be advantage.
Honesty is (was, might, will, or should be) returning (and/or reversing things).
This (what occurs) is (like) a magnanimous return (and/or reversal).

One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) returning (or reversing) in a Great, noble
and superior way; Or doing so for a good cause (or reason).
One may call this a noblehearted returning or reversing, (and) beneficial to all.
There will be no ground for regrets or repentance."
JLK: Here, honesty (sincerity in thought and action) is (was, might, will, or should be) returning and/or
reversing things. One is (was, might, will, or should be) reversing ones position and/or returning, from

a place or way one deems inappropriate (unsuitable, and/or inadequate), and/or ones honesty is
(was, might, will, or should be) causing things (or oneself) to reverse and/or return.
Such a reversal and/or return is magnanimous (honest, substantial, sincere).
Conversely, this line may indicate that one must ask the question if indeed, honesty (a sincere way of
doing things) is (was, might, or will be) returning and/or reversing things.
Gathered sources: There will be no ground for regrets due to one's striving to perfect oneself (and/or
to be as perfect as possible) in accordance to one's central position.
This line indicates (points to, or suggests) critical self-examination, because of its central position in
the upper trigram the earth (the weak, the receptive, the unclear, the dark).
Thus, the "noble return or reverse...", giving no ground for regrets or repentance, is due to the fact
that one is striving to perfect oneself, or (even) the other(s), in accordance with ones (the) central
position (being at the center).
If, on the other hand, one has done wrong, or made a mistake (faults), then a noblehearted resolve at
confessing, or dealing with it must lead to a solution (or a certain resolve). No one will regret having
chosen such a way (or road).
General comment
~ Profile
The fifth line is normally the ruling line in a hexagram, so these persons have a tendency to dominate
a situation with their own thoughts and efforts. Inwardly they know that this is not for the best, so they
nobly and unselfishly return to fundamentals to discover guide lines for their actions, development
and achievements, irrespective of the nature of their goal, whether mental, physical or spiritual. Their
motive is to build on firm foundations, only using suitable methods and materials, in great and small
matters alike, both personally and professionally. Doing thus leads to success, not regrets.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He is likely to be in a high and influential position and well
qualified to meet his situation, both personally and professionally. He will attain wealth, property and
possessions.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will strive to become a more auspicious person, and will
make some worthy achievement on a modest scale.
Magnanimity in character and actions is advantageous.
Reforms brought about by self-discipline and self-mastery bring advantages.

6
the roads, not traveling) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom,
Heaven's law).
One is (was, might, or will be) confused about, or risking to miss the meaning of the return
(and/or reversing); One is at risk as well of returning (and/or reversing) into (or towards)
confusion.
This is what may is (was, might, or will be) bringing misfortune!
Misfortune on misfortune.
When moving, there is (was, might, or will be) misfortune, evil or calamity at the end (after
completion).
Thus, when moving (what is as) the army (a multitude), this might behold defeat at the end, at
(or after) the completion.
One is (was, might, or will be at risk being) all confused and astray on what is (will be, or was)
returning (and/or reversing)!
One is (was, or will be) unable to attack for ten years (periods, or "ten").
If (even) with ones view(s), insights, and concepts, one is (was, might, or will be) moving the
army (structuring and/or enforcing discipline): towards completion, at the end, one could be
enduring a great defeat (which will even have great influence extending to the ruler of the
state, or nation.
Not even in ten years ("periods", or "ten") is (was, might, or will) one (be) able to attack
(again), repair, or improve (things), due to the consequences of the occurring way(s) of (mis-)
organizing, and the (therefore) rising confusion, or disaster.
Thus, there might be (or have been) calamities, and mistakes (errors).
In that case there is (was, might, or will be) misfortune which might result in (what is perceived
like) evil, and/or anger.
This means defeat has occurred in the past, but one is always at risk of encountering "another
one" again, in the future, or in other ways.
Thus, if continuing so, misfortune is (was, might, or will be) occurring as well from within as
from without.
JLK: Yet with Great perseverance, anticipation, and correctness, in accordance with the
circumstances, and knowing when (and how) to desist since it is the time of closing the roads
and/or reversing (returning), how could one fail the laws of Heaven?
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) returning in (and/or postponing things up
to) 7 days, and/or is (was, might, will, or should be) changing course, adapting to what is (was,
might, will, or should be) indicated by good (sound, balanced, harmonious) wisdom."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, the return (and/or reversal) is (was, might, or will be) not on
target (and/or is confused, misguided, wandering, aimless or badly aimed). Moving the army (taking
action) in such a way can only lead to misfortune.
If there is still time, one must adjust things appropriately. With great perseverance and following the

laws of Heaven, one will find the right way, and misfortune will be averted.
It may be that one is (was, might, or will be) failing to understand (the wide scope of) the meaning on
this hexagram, the Return (Reversing). One may be attempting to move on (travel outward) (with
things), while it may be time (and/or necessary) to close the roads (they will be reopened later, in
some time). If there are friends (associates), they will return (or come) in what is as "7 days", or one
may have to return to them (or to what is befriended, or friendly).
Gathered sources: The top-most line shows one, or that which is occurring, all confused and astray
on the subject of returning and reversing, or on what it is that is, was, or will be doing so, with time.
The amount of confusion leads to confused movement and action and thus to grave aberration of
normal times, circumstances and situations. There is (has been, might, or will be) misfortune,
resulting in what is perceived as evil or a certain anger. There are (have been, might, or will be)
calamities and mistakes (errors).
The misfortune and the resulting evil consequent on being all astray on the subject of returning and
reversing, arises from the fact that the way of returning, reversing, or pursuing the course occurring
here, is (was, might, or will be) contrary to the proper way of one who is Great. It is (has been, might,
or will be) deviating from the superior way of doing things.
It may be that a favorable (advantageous) situation is (was, might, or will be) coming, and going,
without one being able to use the opportunity.
"Not able to attack for ten years (periods, or "ten"...)", indicates one is, was, might or will not be able
to attack or act, for the duration of what appears as ten years, but this can as well mean ten "periods",
minutes, hours, centuries, millenniums, or (what comes as) "ten". This is associated to a great defeat
at the moment of completion, or of what is perceived as (after) "the end". Still, this can work to ones
advantage, if the defeat can be made to work for it-, or oneself.
Thus, especially with this line it is important to contemplate things in relation to time, as well as to
understand the appropriate meaning of reversing, and "turning" (turning "upside down", "inside out",
turning back, returning, etc...).
This is especially difficult as the misfortune or defeat can as well be concerning something of the past
as the present, something material, or spiritual, or all at the same time.
If one misses the right time or opportunity to be returning or reversing, one will meet with misfortune
and evil. But the misfortune, and the evil that seem to be coming from this, has its inner cause in a
wrong attitude towards the world. The misfortune coming upon one from without results from this
wrong attitude. What is pictured here is blind obstinacy, and a judgment that one could attach to it.
To do something now (under the occurring circumstances, or with the occurring conditions) is (was,
might, or will be) without any advantage, and would only make things (ten times) worse. At present
one should be quiet, humble, and full of repentance.
Thus, this sixth line indicates a complete deterioration, and disintegration It contains some of the most
explicitly gloomy statements. It is remarkable that it appears in this hexagram among lines that are
basically and generally rather positive.
Deterioration is one of the laws of Heaven (also see Hex. 23, the Deterioration).
JLK: This is the upper line of the upper trigram, the earth. The 6th line of hex. 23, the Earth (the
Receptive), shows how there is (was, might, or will be) a battle between good and evil, with both
getting wounded.

~ Profile
One's external world reflects that which is within oneself. This man is confused within, and muddled in
his thinking. He has considerable innate wisdom, but his position (line 6) places him in circumstances
with which he is inadequately qualified to cope. This results in disasters. The situation becomes so
dire that "ten years" are required to put things right. "Ten years" as used here means a cycle of
experience. Therefore a whole new cycle must be undergone to attain success. If this "return" is
missed he will suffer many misfortunes. He must place his faith and trust in the Creator and divine
law.
These persons will have extremely active lives, with many successes and failures, both great and
small, until they learn the lesson of converting themselves inwardly into men of Dao and the golden
mean.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will know how to effect reforms nationally, locally and within
himself. He readily learns the lessons of life, and after some trial and error, will gain and retain wealth,
along with a favorable reputation. His personal life will also be favored.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a stupid, dull person, learning slowly. He may be
crippled or ill for long periods of time. He will cause troubles for himself, his family and his country.
Act when you know reform is required.
Beware of the consequences of stubbornness, or failure to reform at the right time.

Hexagram 25, the Innocence (the Spontaneous, the Unexpected and Surprising)
- Wu Wang (Wu Wang)
The theme of this hexagram is innocence, as found in spontaneous good-spirited action or in what is
spontaneously occurring (out of of ones own or other's personal sphere of influence), and how this is
(was, or will be) naturally "in tune" (in accordance) with the Universe and its unexpected surprises,
and therefore appropriate. It is also about how the contrary to this will fail to be so, with due
consequences.
The Image says:
"the innocence; the spontaneous; the unexpected and surprising;

what is (was, might, or will be) unexpected and surprising (overtaking) one;
innately without making a mistake; without embroiling; without error:
Under the Heaven there is thunder.

Thus do all things occur in their original and innocent stage.
The ancestral Kings, virtuous, in accordance with this, and in tune, made their regulations in
complete accordance with the seasons (and time), thereby nourishing all things, taking care of
all, abundantly and in time.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) expecting the unexpected;
Avoiding being (potentially) negatively impacted by what is unexpected but can be avoided by
taking care of all that can be taken care of timely, and with virtue, by being innocent (without
error).
JLK: The Great Man will behave spontaneously, and/or with innocence (without error);
He will know how not to know (and/or anticipate) all, doing things correctly and innocently
(being without error) from the outset.
He will know how all in its spontaneity, and/or unexpectedness, reflects its original, and
cultivated stage, as well as the amount of truth and innocence, or lack of it, that is occurring
concerning it.
JLK: Heaven expresses itself through what is innocent (spontaneous, unexpected and
surprising).
Peace, and/or gradual progress towards it, can be found through the "house" (the mountain,
what has been stacked up and grown tough) that is (found, and/or built) "inside" (at the
interior)."
JLK: Hex. 25, the Innocence (the Spontaneous, the Unexpected and Surprising), shows the thunder
(arousal, shock, movement, consequences) roaring low below Heaven. This brings shock (arousal,
awakening, ignition) to all those who are below, and forces all beings to be without error, at the right
place, at the right time, the right way.
The right circumstances and conditions to be innocent are described by inner hex. 53, the Gradual
Development (Gradual Progress, Progressing into a Whole).

One doesn't need to know (and/or anticipate) all, in order to avoid misfortune. If one is (was, might,
or will be) doing things correctly and innocently (being without error) from the outset, then how could
Heaven forsake one? How could following Heaven's law, and/or the ruling principle with sincerity and
without error fail to give the results one may rightly (justifiedly) expect?
The implications of being innocent (without error), are echoed in the implications of using Great
strength correctly, as described by hex. 26, Great Strength Accumulating (The Restraining Power of
the Great, Great Gain), which is the reverse of hex. 25.
Gathered sources: Qian (Ch'ien), the trigram representing Heaven (the light, the creative, active,
Great, strong, right, male, loving) is above. Zhen (Chen), the trigram representing movement (the
thunder, arousal, shock, movement, consequences) is below. The thunder is under the influence of
the strong line it has received from above, from Heaven.
When in accord with this, movement follows the law of Heaven, man is innocent and without guile.
His mind is natural and true, not overshadowed by reflection or ulterior designs. For whatever
conscious purpose is to be seen, there the truth and innocence of nature have been lost. Nature that
is not directed by the spirit is not true but degenerate nature.
Starting out with the idea of the natural, the train of thought in part goes somewhat further and thus
the hexagram includes also the idea of the unintentional or unexpected.
From another angle, this hexagram can be seen to be about spontaneous actions and events shaping
what is occurring and/or at the center of ones inquiry.
In springtime when the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), symbolizing life energy,
begins to move again under the Heavens (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male,
loving), everything sprout and grows, and all beings receive from the creative activity of nature the
childlike innocence of their original state. So it is with the good rulers of mankind: drawing on the
spiritual wealth at their command, they take care of all forms of life and all forms of culture and do
everything to further them, and at the proper time.
The Judgment says:
"Innocence, what is spontaneous, what is unexpected and surprising (overtaking) one,

innately without making a mistake, without embroiling, without error:
These lead to Great progress and success.
At the beginning there occurs a sacrificial offering.
If what occurs (and/or ones actions) be not correct, one will fall into errors, and it will not be
advantageous for one to move in any (other) direction.
One who is without correctness in attitude, as well as in behavior, will have misfortune, then
there is no profit in having a place (elsewhere) to go to.
JLK: Thus, the superior one is (was, will, or should be) always behaving in a way that is
innocent and spontaneous (without inferior forethought) from the outset;
He knows this is what makes things be coherent, and/or maintains cohesion where things
must properly function as a team (an ensemble, an army), even amongst confusion (when
dealing with false advertising, and/or false words, and/or with unexpected exceptions).
There is profit (fortune, advantage) in firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the
divination."
Gathered sources: The superior one who acts without second thoughts about compensation, or

interest, doing the right thing instinctively, will operate Great success. What is right and healthy is that
what is right and healthy in accordance to "Heaven", to what is just and divine.
Man has received from Heaven a nature innately good, to guide him in all his movements. By
devotion to this divine spirit within himself, he attains an unsullied innocence that leads him to do right
with instinctive sureness and without any ulterior thought of reward and personal advantage.
This instinctive certainty brings about supreme success and gives profit through perseverance.
However, not everything instinctive is nature in this higher sense of the word, but only that which is
right and in accord with the will of Heaven. Without this quality of rightness, an unreflective, instinctive
way of acting brings only misfortune. Confucius says about this: "He who departs from innocence,
what does he come to? Heaven's will and blessings do not go with his deeds."
Being "without error" and innocent, demands that one be aware, focused, and involved, at all times, to
the best of ones abilities and capacities.
JLK: For this hexagram, it is the innocence that matters: the righteous intention behind ones actions.
If the intention is right, the results will be right. This doesn't necessarily mean that no error of any kind
is made for the matter at hand (as one could be lead to understand from various versions and
interpretations of the Yi Jing). It means that whatever will be the consequence of what is occurring
under the circumstances of this hexagram is, and should be, in accordance with what is right and
(truly) without error.
Commentary
Primal movement, Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), indicated by the
lower trigram, is surrounded by Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male,
loving), indicated by the upper trigram, thus symbolizing circumspection and innocence.
~ Profile
These persons have great inner strength and capacity, which if properly trained and developed, can
be of true benefit to mankind. They will be blessed with common sense, innate intelligence and
communicativeness. This last quality is apparent when one considers the hexagram from an external
point of view, i.e. thunder below Heaven, making itself known and heard everywhere. In this respect
these persons are capable of giving abundant and timely nourishment to those willing to receive it.
This nourishment is in the form of knowledge of the laws of Heaven, the reflection of innocence, and
the taking of actions free from guile. Heaven, however, does not follow the laws of man and often
injects what it deems the most fitting. Hence there is an element of the unexpected (spontaneous)
here too.
Those born from the second month to the eight month [March - September], the months of thunder,
will be more auspicious, with those born in the second month [March - April] being the most
auspicious of all.

Lines
"JLK: Innocence (spontaneity, the unexpected and surprising, being without error) is (was,
might, will, or should be) occurring (being confronted, and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the
The necessity to be innocent (without error, and diligent), holds Heaven's lesson (of the
supreme ruling principles and wisdom) for dealing with what is small (inferior, weak, receptive,
female, dark, evil), and that will accumulate into a lack of balance, conflict, and foolishness,
and/or embarrassment (blame), if left unchallenged;
It learns one how to act in accordance with what is innocent (without error) in oneself, as well
as in others, and to be lead by (and follow) what is right (strong, creative, loving), natural, and
spontaneous.
If one is (was, or will be) innocent (free from all insincerity), one succeeds in fulfilling what is
willed.
It is innocence in the will (in ones intentions) that brings good fortune.
"JLK: One thing done or avoided with (spontaneous) innocence, will hold (and/or bring)
blessings in return in other (spontaneous) ways, even if unsuspected, and will lead to what is
fortunate even if one is not (yet) aware of it.
Innocence combined with great inner sincerity, averts disaster naturally, even when
unsuspected (unanticipated).
If there is innocence, then one (what occurs) is without mistake (no error);
Then Go; Do; Good fortune."
Gathered sources: When one who is (was, or will be) "free from insincerity" makes any movement,
one will get what one desires. When things are free from insincerity ("second thoughts", hidden plans,
etc...), then movement is advantageous. When one is innocent in ones will, then surely this must
bring good fortune.
If there is goodness in ones heart, the original impulses of the heart are always good, so that we may
follow them confidently, assured of good fortune and achievement of our aims.
JLK: Conversely, if one doesn't hold goodness in ones heart, and/or if (for the matter at hand) one is
(was, or will be) not innocent and sincere, then there can be no advantage.
The text of this line can easily lead to a misinterpretation. The "site of Yin" text simply mentions "No
error" together with a positive "Go, good fortune". The Wilhelm / Baynes translation (of the text written
at a later date) simply mentions: "Innocent behavior brings good fortune". However, these should
definitely not be taken at face value. The best way to determine the meaning of this line is to ask (for
what is at the center of the matter at hand): Is there indeed "no error"? Is there indeed innocence?
Only if these can be answered in a positive way, then there will be good fortune, and one will be able
to go on (advance) in a way that will bring good results.
General comment
By the sequence of changes entering at the bottom and moving upwards, this hexagram becomes the
next step in the evolution of hex. 12, Standstill. When things first begin to move again, under the
primal guidance of Heaven, they are bound to be circumspect, with much good resulting therefrom.

~ Profile
These persons will have dynamic personalities and forceful minds. They will make forthright progress
with intrepidity. Their degree of success will be measured largely by the wisdom of their actions. In
general, what they will is done.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will keep his mind active by a progressive attitude, and will
keep abreast of changes in his profession, his community, and his country. He will have great
ambitions relating to national goals and purposes. He will become an important personage, and lead
a highly favored life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also have a good and beneficial life, filled with modest
success and good fortune.
Progress circumspectly.
Applying knowledge of what is right, and advancing, brings good fortune.
might, will, or should be) occurring (being confronted, and/or required) (as) in (for, at, with) the
calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional), and/or using (following,
applying) them (it).
Innocence (spontaneity, the unexpected and surprising, being without error) is (was, might, or
will be) occurring (being confronted, and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of)
will be advantage.
Not ploughing, but yet still harvesting.

One does not seek wealth, yet one gets it.
Not wasteland, but look at what are (or could become) cultivated fields!
To such a one there will be advantage in whatever direction one may move.
Thus, it is advantageous to have a place to go to (a goal, aim, or to fulfill an endeavor).
JLK: The superior one (the chief) is (was, might, will, or should be) going on innocently
(without error), and harvesting (receiving) what Heaven will bless him with."
JLK: Under the circumstances, by not working on (and/or by not asking to obtain) one thing
(ploughing) one allows for the accumulation of wealth (riches, resources) in another way.

Gathered sources: One reaps (gathering or receiving riches) without having ploughed (without having
consciously worked for it): the thought of such riches to be got had not risen in ones mind.
Consequently, here, if one has to make a choice, then choosing to be harvesting (i.e. "taking in",
collecting, stacking up, pushing around, letting things grow tough, solid) instead of ploughing
(working, laboring, developing, creating), will bring the most advantage. This is also indicated by the
fact that this is a yin line, representing what is receptive (open, weak, or small).
JLK: That something is (was, might, or will be) stacked up (pushed around, left to grow tough, solid) is
indicated by the lower inner trigram, the mountain (the stacked up, the immobilized, the rest).
Gathered sources: This line may also point to the fact that we should do every task for its own sake
as time and place demand and/or allows, and not merely with an eye to what one expects will be the
result of it. Then each task turns out well, and anything we undertake succeeds.
JLK: This is the 2nd line of the lower trigram, the thunder. Following the indications given at line 2,
hex 51, the Thunder (the Movement, the Arousing), here one is (was, might, or will be) losing ones
"treasures" (valuables), and/or should be renouncing them in order to ascend (and/or journey over)
what are like "the nine hills".
Thus, conversely and/or alternatively, (in the case of inferior persons) this line may indicate that the
one at the center of the matter at hand is (excessively) motivated (and/or led off-track) by (relatively)
short term gains (advantage). If one seeks to obtain wealth (and/or certain results) too forcefully, too
inappropriately, and/or too hastily (or simply ill-timed), one is bound to get the contrary or negative
results in some way. In that case there can be no advantage.
This also means that while this line points to how one is harvesting without having to plough (work)
for it, there are times where one type of work will lead to a harvest that would ordinarily come from
another type of work, activity or context, i.e. through a different route. This would typically come from
the fact that one thing ties into the other. Therefore, depending on the circumstances, this line does
not necessarily recommend to simply do no ploughing (i.e. no work) at all, but instead recommends to
do ones work without seeking direct (early) gains and advantage. The harvest will come, sooner or
later, in one form or another, in one way or another. Maybe it is already occurring in a side-ways
manner which one has failed to notice. This line indicates that, ultimately, for the "one without error"
On the other hand and/or additionally, it may be that for the matter at hand the issue is not the
"ploughing" (working) by itself, but something that has nothing to do with that activity directly, but only
side-ways. Advantage is found by looking at other aspects than (merely) the "ploughing" (working),
and/or by trying to get results in other fields or domains (related to the matter at hand).
General comment
A universal law is stated here. Man never has full control over any situation. Heaven exercises
control, and this is symbolized here by the trigram Qian, Heaven, being above, i.e. the upper trigram,
which controls the lower trigram. It is probable that from this comes the saying "Heaven helps the
man who helps himself".
If one has firm goals and devotes oneself constantly and persistently towards them one is bound to
obtain results at a time that is in keeping with universal time (i.e. the time decreed by Heaven). What
is accomplished is sufficiently abundant that the individual need have no concern over when results
will occur. Can a farmer count his harvest when he ploughs? Can a business definitely know its
prospective sales? Many things can happen between the ploughing and the harvest. Diversification,
of course, increases the chance of success, but each activity must have a firm goal.

~ Profile
This man, likewise, should do many different things, and do all that is necessary in pursuit of his
goals. Success and good fortune then will be his. Broadminded and perspicacious individuals of
noble character will know what to do at all times, and will do it propitiously.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a foreseeing and lucky individual, following the golden
mean. He will not be concerned about fame or profit, but will achieve them anyway. He will have an
easy and adventitious life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He may be lazy and indulgent, gratifying selfish desires, or a
wanderer with no fixed destination or strength of character. He will find it hard to support himself and
his family.
Do not count the harvest while ploughing.
Take actions for their own sake. Do not expect long term results too quickly.
might, will, or should be) occurring (being confronted, and/or required) (as) in (at, for, with) the
Undeserved calamity is (was, might, or will be) happening to one who is free from insincerity,
as shown in the case of an ox that has been (was, or will be) tied up: (who, or what is like) a
passer-by finds it and carries it off, while the people in the neighborhood have the calamity of
being accused and apprehended.
The solitary traveler's gain.

The city man's calamity."
JLK: Here, undeserved calamity befalls to those who are like a city man, i.e. settled, established,
conventional, surrounded by crowds. For those who are like a solitary traveler, i.e. not settled, not-
established, unconventional, alone, there is (was, might, or will be) gain (profit).
The gain of the solitary traveler (the "by-passer") does not imply that it is the result of theft (as the
image could suggest, showing the ox being carried away). It is the result of an honest find (or of
giving charitable help to an ox that has been neglected, and/or treated inappropriately), due to the
negligence of the city man (even though he is essentially innocent and merely acting according to
what he is made to be used to, i.e. the way of "the city", the established).

Gathered sources: Like the one whose ox is being carried away by a passer by, sometimes,
undeserved misfortune befalls the one who is at the hands of another. The gain of the one, is the loss
of the (righteous) owner.
In all transactions (or endeavor), no matter how innocent, one must accommodate oneself to the
demands of the time (and the circumstances), otherwise unexpected misfortune will overtake one
(which might result in evil).
On the other hand, the "ox that has been tied up" can also be seen to mean: "something bound to an
ox ...". In that case it can indicate a talisman, or a scapegoat of some kind fixed to the rear of an ox,
so that it could, and would be carried away.
In ancient times, when one wanted to rid oneself of something undesirable, an image or something
that would depict, symbolize, or describe the problem, could be pinned on the tail of an ox or a
donkey, and (be) walked away.
The ox symbolizes what is creative (to the cow and the world).
If what occurs has come to light under the astrological constellation of the ox (as in Chinese
astrology), this line thus carries multiple warnings.
JLK: Alternatively and/or additionally, since this is the 3rd line which symbolizes the hips (the back-
bone, the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or application of the
(daily) laws to live by, and their influence on (their capacity to change, and/or transform), this line
advices that there should be "innocence" and "no error" in these areas. This also means things have
to align with ones own values, morals, and way of life, in other words: so that one doesn't end up
being carried away "like an ox", by a complete stranger and/or circumstances that are strange (in
opposition) to one.
Thus this line may hold the advice: do things your own way, and/or in a way that aligns with your
values, morals, and way of life. Be innocent (without error, righteous) in this. If one is not innocent,
one will be "dragged away" anyhow (like the cow).
This is a yin line in a yang position, which indicates that there is a risk that what is weak (inferior, bad)
may be too powerful. One has to counter this with acting in a way that is strong (superior, good).
~ Profile
Having gains made by others at our expense is unexpected (spontaneous) adversity at a true loss.
This indicates that the law of karma is operative, reminding us that sometimes unexpected things
happen to us which are not our (apparent) fault.
On the other hand one should not put temptation in another's path, as symbolized by the unguarded
ox. Nor should one consider goodness by itself to be sufficient. One must guard and protect ones
endowments, both material and spiritual.
It behooves these persons to strive for a balanced life, and many will be successful.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of driving energy and strength, who knows how
to make and keep gains, whose virtue is adequate to dispel calamities, whose fortitude overcomes
adversity, and who establishes and maintains excellent family and community relations.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will lead a wandering life, restless in goals and aims, and
exercise a cunning personality. He will have much uncertainty, with many gains and losses, and will
find family life difficult.

Unanticipated events do occur.
Adversities due to your fate (karma) may occur. Remain inwardly firm.
might, will, or should be) occurring (being confronted, and/or required) (as) in (for) the heart
(the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions), and/or using
(following, applying) it (them).
Innocence (spontaneity, the unexpected and surprising, being without error) is (was, might,
will, or should be) occurring (being confronted, and/or required) in (by) the way of negotiation
and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant, the one who is trusted,
ones trustfulness and/or reliability).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) persevering in rectitude (with due
diligence, appropriately).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) able to be determined.
One who can be firm and correct, remains without blame.

This is because one possesses (controls, or acts) firmly (in a consequent way, systematically).
No error, no blame."
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) determined and/or
persevering in accordance with rectitude, and/or with what one has pledged to do (or what one has
been committed to).
There is no error in this, but it still does not necessarily mean that one is acting in a way that is
(entirely) correct (without error for all that is related to the matter at hand), nor is it an indication that
there will be good fortune.
JLK: Alternatively, the comment of this line can be read as: "If one (can) remain firm and correct, then
there will be no mistake (no error)", meaning that one is (was, might, will, or should be) firmly holding
on (persisting, persevering).
General comment
Here in line 4, the position of the minister, one is enjoined to devote thought, time and effort to
carrying out the meaning of the hexagram as a whole. If this is done with rectitude there will be no
error. The implication is that if these persons are not circumspect, troubles will develop. To remain
circumspect at all times is difficult. (This is also suggested by this being a strong line in a weak place.)
Consequently, greatness is not predicted.
These persons will be in above average positions, and will carry out their duties and responsibilities
diligently and with honor.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a gentleman of considerable honor, talent and morality,
who readily helps others while privately cultivating his own virtue. He will have a favorable life, with
many worthwhile accomplishments.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will receive ample remuneration for his services to be able to
live a life without financial difficulties.
Rectitude is always beneficial.
Your innocence and sincerity are being tested. Do only that which is right and just.
might, will, or should be) occurring (being confronted, and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the
mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in,
with) the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling

advantage.
There (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) a risk of unanticipated illness (disorder,
problems, obstacles, and/or handicaps).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) innocent (without error, and free from insincerity),
and yet fallen ill; Illness comes even if there is (or seems to be) no fault.
One should not try an unknown medicine;

Avoid using medicine that has not (yet) proven to be (constantly) reliable, and/or useful (for an
illness incurred through no fault of ones own), and there will be occasion for joy in the
recovery.
Adequately, with time."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, or will be) at risk of falling ill, even when
having made no error oneself, due to reasons that are (as of yet) unanticipated: one can not (yet)
know what the actual (real) problem (the reason of the illness) is or will be.
One must not use medicine (a "remedy", "solution", way, and/or method) that is (yet) untested, and/or
which one has not tested oneself, and/or which has not been reliably tested used in the way occurring
for the matter at hand.
Conversely, this means that here, one must only use solutions that have shown to be reliable (over
time, constantly). It may be that one is considering using a medicine (a "remedy", "solution", way,
and/or method) that is not necessary (useful) at all, and/or that it has not been tested to a sufficient
and reliable degree, and/or for which an underlying issue that is not yet recognized leads to problems
(illness, and/or a handicap).

Thus for the situation at hand - and contrary to what is typically indicated in a number of
versions/translations/interpretations of the Yi Jing - if one has the intention to use a medicine
(remedy) that has been tested to a reliable degree, it may indeed be right to use it. On the other hand,
even if it is reliable, this may be a time not to use it at all, especially if circumstances (not the
medicine or remedy itself) are different, and/or if there's not (yet) an actual illness (or risk for it). One
will have to assess what is actually the case.
Therefore, this line may (also) hold the classic warning: don't fix what isn't broke! Additionally, only fix
things in ways that are fully proven to do the job, and that are well-thought through for the matter at
hand. Merely being innocent is not sufficient! Being "without error" demands due diligence, and sound
strategies. It may be right to use unconventional solutions, but only if they are really necessary and
fully proven to work.
Gathered sources: The image of (a) "medicine" is suggested by the two inner trigrams: the mountain
(the immobilized, rested, stacked up, pushing around, or the piece of information), and the wood (the
wind, the organizing, the softly penetrating and confusing).
The illness (disease) is (was, might, or will be) innocently incurred because this yang line, as the
middle line of the upper trigram the light (the strong, Great, creative, flexible, or filling), represents a
person who by nature is (would, or can be) free of illness. That one would (might) be (-come) ill
comes from ones way of taking the illnesses (diseases, or mistakes and errors) of others upon
oneself.
Ones central, correct, and ruling (governing) position predisposes one to allow the ills (diseases,
mistakes, or errors) of others, vicariously (through association of the others with the self) taken upon
oneself, to work themselves out in (or through) one.
General comment
This line is the ruler of the hexagram and depicts the leader and minister working together, laying
plans in case of unanticipated changes or difficulties. Their actions are right and proper (a strong line
in a strong place) and thus they keep things under control.
~ Profile
These persons should study nature, and follow the laws of Heaven and earth rather than try to be
innovators. Their farsighted plans and actions will achieve favorable results. Individuals with this
controlling line will be leaders and high officials in their chosen field, who have the potential to avert
possible disasters for the group with which they are associated. They will do their best if they follow
proven methods.
Most auspicious (in the best case): As a leader, he will be a man of virtue, vigor, vitality and vision,
who is audacious yet follows the golden mean. He will know how to keep or restore peace in all his
associations. He will have an excellent family, coupled with wealth and much joy.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be an auspicious person with few difficulties, and
the recipient of a long life and much happiness.
Be far-sighted and broadminded.

An unexpected adversity may occur. Do not use untried methods to overcome it. The right solution
will present itself.
might, will, or should be) occurring (being confronted, and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the
head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law), and/or when using (following,
applying) it (him).
Action (and/or a way of doing things) that is not well thought over and/or ill-timed, brings
about the misfortune of its bewilderment.
Uncircumspect and/or badly timed or badly executed actions (ways of doing things) bring
misfortune. In that case even (an) innocent action (way of doing things) brings misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) free from insincerity, and yet sure to make (or
bring) a mistake (to fall into error) if one take action (continuing with the occurring way of
doing things). Ones action (way of doing things) will not be advantageous in any way."
JLK: Here, one is seriously at risk of having overlooked something crucial to ones well-being and/or
safety. This is (was, might, or will be) related to ones action(s), and/or the way one is (was, might, or
will be) doing things as related to the ruling principles one chooses to follow, which shows errors. The
result of this is (was, might, or will be) bewilderment, and/or being perplexed (surprised by the
unexpected), due to being taken aback by what one is dealing with (the matter at hand).
"Not-doing" can also be an action, if it is deliberate, felt and decided as such. Thus, if one at least
suspends the line of action or way of doing things at the center of the matter at hand, one will
(eventually) get out of the difficult position occurring here.
This is the top line of the upper trigram the light. The 6th line of hex. 1, the Light (the Creative), shows
(some-)one who is (was, might, or will be) arrogant. It derives from a flawed way of thinking. This
arrogance leads to an incorrect way of doing things, and/or incorrect actions, such as lacking
appropriate modesty, and/or snapping at people (ordering them around, lecturing, and/or nagging
them). The one at the center of the matter at hand will suffer a setback due to this.
Thus, one may be innocent in a general and/or superficial way, but not necessarily in all ones ways
(which one may not know about, or even be able to understand). This means there is still room
(opportunity) for misfortune for the one (others, and/or what occurs) at the center of the matter at
hand, and/or when interacting with one, and/or when trying to attain (reach) ones goals.
It might be possible to remedy things (somewhat) by turning to what true (genuine, mature) wisdom
indicates, and to study the facts and the ruling principles behind the matter at hand, as given by any
form of (confirmed) expertise and/or demonstrable truth, while remaining attentive to (being vigilant
against) deception (possibly including by ones own arrogance). One must inspect and/or reconsider
all that is leading (ruling) one, and/or the rules (and/or orders, instructions) that one follows.
Gathered sources: This line may advice that one should let pass what looks (or looked) like an
opportunity to realize a goal, and/or patiently wait for a new (better) opportunity.

Here, one is (was, might, or will be) considering to take action, hoping to seize what looks like a good
opportunity. However, things are not well thought over and/or handled, and/or the right time for things
has passed or has not yet come. Therefore, under the occurring circumstances, even action that is
innocent and/or without (apparent) error will not bring the advantage one is hoping for, and may on
the contrary bring misfortune.
JLK: Alternatively, this line may hold the warning that one is (was, might, or will be) not thinking in the
right way about the matter at hand at all. One risks failing to understand what the core issue is for the
matter at hand. Since this hexagram is about innocence and being without error, this line may point to
other parties (or things) that are not so. For one who is innocent and without error, it is always difficult
to anticipate such (deceptive, incomprehensible) things (as one is not accustomed to dealing with it).
General comment
Here at the top of the hexagram, one has passed the time for propitious action. Therefore, to push
forward would be contrary to this stage of progress, and would be reprehensible. Action could lead to
much opposition and exhaustion.
~ Profile
Those depicted here should be calm, thoughtful, far-sighted, up to date, and modest individuals if
they are to achieve success. Patience is a great virtue. They should not try to oppose fate, but should
keep their motives pure and innocent.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be able to attain a good position, and will know how to hold
it. He will know also how to guard against troubles, both professional and personal.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be very ambitious, but a dullard, unable to consummate
his goals. He will wander for most of his life, and work in solitude. He will frequently feel the need of
assistance from others, but will not receive it. If sufficiently wise, he will seek out seclusion to the
maximum extent practicable.
Exercise proper patience.
The time for action has passed. Do not attempt anything new at this time.

Hexagram 26, Great Strength Accumulating (the Restraining Power of the Great, Great
Gain)
- Da Chu (T'a Chu)
The theme of this hexagram is the accumulation of great strength (or the strength of what is great),
and the power this great strength has to restrain things.
The Image says:
"the Great strength accumulating; the restraining and restrained power of the Great;
the Great restraint; Great or Restrained Joy or Sadness; the restrained accumulating;
the Great gain; the Great action; the Great sacrifice; to nourish what is Great;
(the) Great cattle; the Great fertility:
Heaven occurring at the middle of the mountain.

This is the image of Great restraining accumulating power and fertility.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) learning about the words and actions of
the past and of the present (of those who lived before), storing and protecting them, serving
(nourishing) the accumulation of his virtue, thus strengthening and consolidating his
character.
He is (was, might, will, or should be) accumulating Great strength, and the capability to
restrain.
The Great Man will accumulate Great strength and restraint, supporting his ways with
knowledge of ancient and modern wisdom, practice and tradition, of which the (restrained)
accumulation is certain to increase the virtuous, while his own virtue is - already - Great."
JLK: Hex. 26, Great Strength Accumulating (the Restraining Power of the Great, Great Gain), shows
Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) at the middle of the mountain
(the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information). Like the clouds
hanging below the top of the mountain, containing nourishing rain that is made available by the
taming power of the mountain.
Sooner or later, Great strength and the accumulation of it will be confronted by (and/or occur in a
context of) flawed relationships (associations, and/or morals), as described by inner hex. 54, The
Marriage (the Marrying Maiden, the Long-Term Association).
Gathered sources: The creative (the light, Heaven, the active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) is
tamed by the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information). This produces great power, a situation in contrast to that of hex. 9, the Power of the
Small (the Small Accumulating, Small Action), in which the creative is tamed by the wood (the wind,
the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system,
banners, the experience) alone. There one weak (yin) line must tame five strong (yang) lines, but
here four strong (yang) lines are restrained by two weak (yin) lines. In addition to a minister, there is a
prince, and the restraining power therefore is far stronger.
The hexagram has a threefold meaning, expressing different aspects of the concept "holding firm".

Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) within the mountain (the
immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) gives the idea of holding
firm in the sense of holding together. The trigram of the mountain, which holds (restrains, contains)
the trigram of the light still (rested, immobilized, stacked up and grown tough), gives the idea of
holding firm in the sense of holding back. The third idea is that of holding firm in the sense of caring
for and nourishing. This is suggested by the fact that a strong line at the top, which is the ruler of the
hexagram, is honored and tended as a sage. The third of these meanings also attaches specifically to
this strong line at the top, which represents the sage.
Also, Heaven at the middle of the mountain indicates hidden Greatness. Thus, the words and actions
of the past (as well as those of the contemporary) contain hidden treasures (information) that can
help the seeker to elevate. This is the correct way to study: not to limit oneself to the purely historical
facts. One should constantly make a contemporary world or reality out of history, using the
information one has acquired.
This is like the image of the accumulating and restraining of what is like "Great cattle", or a livestock.
The active creative energy (from Heaven) is forced into immobility. In this situation there occurs a big
force kept undercover, restrained, and contained. There is a lot of energy available, but creativity is
obstructed, as it is put to use at "restraining" the situation.
Still, there occurs a source from which nourishment is obtained. Thus, this can be beneficial to the
longevity of what will be created, of that which is in the process of becoming an accomplished fact, or
creation.
The Judgment says:
"Great strength accumulating, the restraining and restrained power of the Great, Great
restraint, restrained accumulating, Great gain, Great action, a Great sacrifice, nourishing what
is Great, Great cattle, Great fertility:
These define the conditions under which it will be advantageous to be firm and correct.
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) a Great offering.

There is profit in the divination, anticipating and in being persevering.
If one does not seek to enjoy ones revenues (only) in ones own family (and/or if one does
without taking service at the court, working for the ruler, and/or the general consensus), there
will be good fortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (like when) not eating (not spending
and/or earning, and/or not looking for nourishment) at (in, for) ones own home":
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) not consuming, spending, or investing all
(by) oneself (alone), or that which is made, or built by oneself (only);
(Having - kept available, or created - something) to share (or consider) with others: this will
bring good fortune.
JLK: If one does not pretend to be more than one is (and/or can be), this is good;
If one does not pretend that what occurs (and/or the other) is more than it (he, she, or they) is
(are, and/or can be), this is good.
This is because one (they, it) has (had, might, will, or should have) already accumulated Great
strength, oneself (themselves, itself), in many different ways.
It will be advantageous to cross the Great stream (the Great water, to begin an endeavor, to
pursue a goal, or aim)."
JLK: For the matter at hand one must ask the question: is (ones) strength accumulating, or on the

contrary, is it being lost, and/or wasted?
Depending on the context, the occurrence of this hexagram may concern an issue where one is at
risk of spending Great strength inappropriately, and may advice not to pretend the issue at hand (the
one, or those at the center of what is occurring) is (are) more important than it (he, she, or they)
should be. In case of loss (of resources), it may indicate to get over this, as the loss is not
compromising ones strength. There are times when loss (losing someone and/or something) results
in gaining strength (or new forms of it). Some losses can result in a rebirth (a new start), in one form
or another.
The inner hexagram of the present one is hex. 54, The Marriage (the Marrying Maiden, the Long-
Term Association). Its theme is that of a new long term relationship, like when marrying. It points to
how a regrettable association will lead to regrettable results, and points to the necessity of carefully
assessing any (new) relationship. Without the right associations, any great accumulation of strength
will still not lead to good results. Therefore, one observes the associations that play a role for the
matter at hand, and what this will mean for the great accumulation of strength that is occurring here.
Gathered sources: Here, in order to hold firmly to great creative powers and store them up, as set
forth in this hexagram, there is the need for a strong, clearheaded man who is honored by the ruler.
In the trigrams that compose this hexagram, we have the attributes of great strength and creative
power, symbolized by the lower trigram the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right,
male, loving) and of substantial solidity, firmness and truth, symbolized by the upper trigram the
mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information). They emit
a brilliant light, and indicate a daily renewal of its subject's virtue and character.
Only through such daily self-renewal can a man continue at the height of his powers. Force of habit
helps to keep order in quiet times, but in periods when there is a great storing up of energy,
everything depends on the power of the personality. However, since the worthy are honored, as in the
case of the strong personality entrusted with leadership by the ruler, it is an advantage not to eat at
home but rather to earn one's bread by entering upon public office. Such a man is in harmony with
Heaven, therefore even great and difficult undertakings, such as crossing the great water, succeed.
The strong line is in the highest place, and suggests the value set on talents and virtue. There is
(enough) power in the upper trigram to keep even the strongest in restraint: all this shows "the Great
correctness" required in the hexagram.
The "good fortune attached to one not seeking to (exclusively) enjoy, the revenues in ones own family
(or household circle, or by oneself alone)", shows how talent and virtue are nourished.
Not "to eat at home", indicates it is (was, might, or will be) favorable not to consume the occurring
strength, creativity or love as provided within the house or "usual" circumstances, or (exclusively) by
oneself, but to sacrifice and celebrate with good company, beyond oneself, or beyond the normal
household circle, and (or while) to earn (earning) ones bread and butter by working.
(Thus,) one is in tune with Heaven. This is why one will succeed even the most difficult of things, like
crossing the Great stream.
"It will be advantageous to cross the Great stream (or Great water, beginning an endeavor)": the ruler
in the fifth place is responded to by the second, the central line of the inner trigram.
Commentary
Several important aspects of the present situation are symbolized. Qian, Heaven (the light, the
creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving), below, is rising up into the mountain (the immobile,
what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information). This implies a daily renewal of
strength. It is also a time for accumulation, but along with this amassing, superior persons should be

nourishing others as well as paying reverence to the ancients and their knowledge.
The mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) further
signifies that these persons pursue their courses with judgment and proper restraint, retreating or
holding firm when necessary.
Good fortune from not eating at home' indicates that this is a time for initiating further external actions.
These may be material, physical or spiritual, and they will be in accord with the will of Heaven as long
as they curb and correct evil.
~ Profile
These persons will be perspicacious, judicious, consistent, reliable, courageous and wise.
Those born from the twelfth month [January - February] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: Accumulation of Great strength (Great action and/or restraint, restrained power, Great
and/or restrained gain, a Great sacrifice, nourishing what is Great, Great fertility) is (was,
There is (was, might, or will be) danger (difficulties, or peril).

The danger (difficulties, or peril) occurs in (at) its (the) beginning stage (and/or it is close,
nearby).
It is (was, might, or will be) good (advantageous ) to stop (renounce, calm down, or restrain)
the urge of ones advance (ones aim at accumulating strength, and/or making things stronger).
By stopping (or renouncing), one does not expose oneself to danger.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) halting the movement, and/or learning
from what can be attained, how exchange (joy) and arousal (shock, awakening) occur, learning
from what brings good and what brings bad, is (was, might, will, or should be) allowing for
accumulation of Great strength, and the capability to restrain.
Finishing, rounding off things, is advantageous.

What occurs is as a harvest at climax."
JLK: By halting the movement, and/or learning from what can be attained, how exchange (joy) and
arousal (shock, awakening) occur (as indicated by the lower and upper inner trigrams), learning from
what brings good and what brings bad, is (was, might, will, or should be) allowing for accumulation of
Great strength, and the capability to restrain. One needs appropriate rest (peace, regaining strength)
for this. Thus the advice is to halt, when the time is right.
One should round things off, get the harvest done, and stop advancing into new territory or
developments, especially when strength is occurring in the beginning stage (when early, and/or at the
feet).
Under the occurring circumstances one has to deal (reckon) with (be aware of, and/or be vigilant

against) the fact that strength is (was, might, or will be) only accumulating (building up) at the
beginning, and not later (at a higher place), and/or in a superior way. This may mean that after initial
success (an initial period of accumulating strength), things will degrade, which leads to danger. It may
be that strength will be diminished, or on the contrary, that there will be too much of it (that things will
explode), and/or that it will be compromised (not obeying to the right ruling principles), for what is to
follow.
Therefore one better round things off in a timely fashion, and/or avoid going on with what may well
end up not being (adequately) strong (and/or not accumulating strength) at all.
Alternatively, this line may hold the advice to only invest oneself (and/or go on with things) if there's a
(reasonable) guarantee that strength will continue to be accumulated (and/or build up), and/or that
things will get stronger (for the matter at hand), in a way that is (genuinely) right. To clarify concerning
this, one may have to consult the Yi Jing again, using a different angle (and/or timing) for the matter at
hand.
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) in a position of peril. It will be
advantageous to stop ones advance: one should not act rashly and expose oneself to calamity.
This may mean that one should not try to avoid (the) already occurring difficulties. There is danger in
leaving projects, endeavors (or other things) unfinished.
However one should at the same time stop ones advancing (moving) into/towards any more danger.
One will confront too many dangers if one proceeds now (immediately). One should just patiently
collect and strengthen oneself.
This line may indicate how one wishes to make vigorous advance, but circumstances present an
obstacle. One sees oneself held back firmly. If one should attempt to force an advance, it would lead
one into misfortune. Therefore it is better for one to compose oneself and to wait until an outlet is
offered for release of ones stored-up energies.
Here, on one hand the dangers (difficulties, or peril) occur due to wishing to make a rigorous and swift
advance, on the other hand they are occurring at "the beginning" (it be at the start of an enterprise,
early in the day, or at the front or foot of an object).
One should focus at the way things are beginning, and what it is (was, might, or will be) that occurs
at the beginning.
~ Profile
Persons with this controlling line are very observant and analytical. They are constantly aware of a
great many things that need to be done. Regrettably, their natal position is such that they are held
back by circumstances and powers beyond their control. Even though there are many things they
would like to do, they will find that they can get the most satisfaction out of life by improving
themselves, rather than by endeavoring to improve external circumstances in their profession.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a wise person, who knows how to survive within the
limits by which he is circumscribed. He will take good care of himself mentally, physically and
spiritually, while limiting his external aspirations. He will lead a personally satisfactory life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be weak-willed, and will occasionally succumb to the
dangers surrounding him. He will have a generally troublesome life.

When the time is not propitious, desist from advancing.
You feel yourself repressed. Do not try to press forward yet.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) accumulation of Great strength (Great
action and/or restraint, restrained power, Great and/or restrained gain, a Great sacrifice,
nourishing what is Great, Great fertility) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the
Accumulation of Great strength (Great action and/or restraint, restrained power, Great and/or
restrained gain, a Great sacrifice, nourishing what is Great, Great fertility) is (was, might, or
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a carriage from which, the axletree, or break,
has been broken off, or removed.
The way of moving (or halting) is (was, might, or will) not (be) under control, or impossible.
But, as one is being in the central position, one will incur no blame;
No mistake; No error."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, the way one is (was, might, or will be) moving is not under
control, or impossible, which will necessarily lead to difficulties, danger, as illustrated by the lower
inner trigram, the ocean, transforming into the water trigram (once this line has changed).
A carriage from which the axletree is removed can't be used for proper driving. Therefore, the
occurrence of this line not only means the way of moving will not be under control, it might be that
moving (forward) will not be possible at all.
Since what occurs is in accordance with general, yet temporary and/or regional customs, one can not
be blamed. Still, this may be a good opportunity to (re-) consider what impulses (in the calves, the
regional, and/or temporary) to give in to (and/or follow up on), and/or what is required for movement
(advance) to be under control (optimal), or possible at all.
An axletree should be strong and appropriate for what it is meant to do. Likewise, in order to move in
a way that is right (optimal), one must find support from - and appropriately use - what is strong
(creative, light, right, loving) and in accordance with Heaven's law (the ruling principle, what is
technically as well as holistically appropriate).
In simple words this line may therefore advise: find the right (strong, Great, loving) basis (carriage,
tools) to move (forwards). Consider and reconsider things with good timing, and in coherence with the
occurring context, and/or the way strength (action, restraint, power, Greatness, gain, sacrifice, fertility)
is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring in others (and/or in what one is dealing with).

Alternatively, this line may indicate that one is dealing with a problem for which one can not control
how it will evolve (move), and which requires appropriate action (adaptation). Appropriate action
might consist of halting its movement, but this might be difficult or even impossible.
Gathered sources: Here, one is (was, might, or will be) (or things are like) moving, using a vehicle
and/or in a way that is seriously broken or impossible to keep under control, or one is considering
doing so. This may be accidental or deliberate, yet one can not go on (with things, with what one is
considering and/or in the way one is considering) without this being totally irresponsible and/or highly
risky. If still possible, one must change the vehicle one chooses to use, and/or the way one is doing
things.
The "axletree", or "break" (that which - mechanically, or automatically - assures the forward drive, or
halting) of the carriage is (was, might, or will be) broken off, removed, separated, or taken away.
However, being in the central position, i.e. keeping the "middle", one will incur no blame, and then
there is (or will be) no mistake.
This line which is at the center of the lower trigram (the light, creative, active, or filling, the man),
indicates that the difficulties (peril, or danger) can (or should) not be blamed on one (-self).
The breaking off, or taking away of the "axeltree" (or strap), may also point to the necessity to
improve the "technical capacity" of "that which carries", of that which is "moving" (transporting) one,
of the way of moving (or acting), or of the way of being moved (being stimulated into action: the way
that "the Great accumulation of strength" will be moved). One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or
should be) improving the ways that the moving and halting will occur.
Thus, here, advance is (was, might, or will be) anticipated, or checked, (just as) in the way of the third
line of hex. 9, "the Power of the Small". A "spoke (or spokes) is (are, was, were, might, or will be)
falling out of the wheel", while there is disagreement. However, in the situation of hex. 9, line 3, the
restraining force (or capacity) is slight. That is why a conflict arises (between the propulsive,
advancing movement, and the restraint), as a result of which "the spoke(s) fall(s) out of the wheel(s)".
Here, (under the present circumstances), the restraining force is absolutely superior. Therefore no
struggle takes place. One is (was, might, will, or should be) removing "the axeltree (or break) from the
wagon" (removing, or changing the way the forward drive, or halting is occurring, or that which is
responsible for it). In other words, (for the moment) one is (was, might, will, or should be) content with
merely waiting. In this way energy is (allowed to be) accumulating for a vigorous advance later on.
Thus, self-restraint is being (was, might, will, or should be) exercised here. The fifth line is the normal
correlate of the second. Since both here are in wrong positions, the result is judicious restraint rather
than fortuitous advancement.
~ Profile
The Chinese text implies that the axle is the person to whom this line relates. These individuals are of
the type who work quietly behind the scenes, developing master plans which others execute. They
themselves are always in the background.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a talented, judicious, upright, quick-witted and
intelligent individual, possessing much knowledge. He will master-mind matters of lasting benefit. He
may assume important positions for short periods of time, but will be readily willing to give them up.
He will lead a personally satisfying life.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have an unfortunate childhood. His professional efforts
later will not be of great or lasting benefit. He will have frequent ailments or injuries, some, perhaps,
to the feet, and will have a short life.
Always exercise self-control.
You are held back by forces beyond your control. There is no blame attached to this. Continue to
exercise self-control.
nourishing what is Great, Great fertility) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the
It is (was, might, or will be) good (essential) to daily train and maintain ones riding and fighting
skills, and defending capabilities, as (only) then there will be advantage in whatever direction
one may advance.
It is (was, might, or will be) advantageous to daily train ones skills in moving, driving,
anticipating, doing the divination, and restraining danger (and darkness).
Thus, one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) urging along ones (its) way (as) with the
help of good horses.
It helps to be fulfilling an endeavor.

The will to fulfill is in agreement with the one above.
Good horses can follow others as well (or in other and different ways).
Also: one can ride a horse in more than one way;
There is (was, might, or will be) more than only one way to be doing things (and more than one
way that things can occur).
It is good to be aware of everflowing and continuous life and danger;

It will be advantageous to be aware of the difficulties ahead.
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and divination helps.

It helps to be fulfilling an endeavor (to have a goal, or to have somewhere to go)."
JLK: "Under the occurring circumstances, it's good (essential) to daily train and maintain ones riding
and fighting skills, and defending capabilities": this does not necessarily mean one should engage in
physical violence to resolve things (such as the issue at hand). Fighting and defending can (also)
occur in many non-violent ways, in spiritual ways and/or indirectly, while riding and traveling can also

occur in various non-physical ways.
Gathered sources: "There will be advantage in whatever direction one may advance": the subject of
the topmost line is (was, might, or will be) of the same mind (with him).
This line, which is at the top of the lower trigram (the light, creative, active, and filling, the man),
indicates that one will attain (realize, or fulfill) what one is (was, might, or will be) wishing for.
The way opens. The hindrance has been cleared away. A man is in contact with a strong will, acting in
the same direction as his own, and goes forward like one good horse following another. But danger
still threatens, and he must remain aware of it, or he will be robbed of his firmness. Thus he must
acquire skill on the one hand in what will take him forward, and on the other in what will protect him
against unforeseen attacks. It is good in such a pass to have a goal toward which to strive.
General comment
The "good horses" that are helping one along the way, are lines 3 and 6, working together in freedom.
The exercise of too much freedom can be dangerous, therefore they are enjoined to exert righteous
persistence. Doing so will be advantageous.
~ Profile
With two Yin lines ahead of line 3, the way is open for these persons to advance. By keeping their
professional standards high, and at the peak of proficiency, they will achieve many benefits. Their rise
can be rapid if they choose the right goals, and pursue them singlemindedly.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be learned, clever, and judicious, and endowed with innate
common sense and practicality. He may be assigned to a high industrial, business or governmental
position (more than likely involving a considerable amount of traveling).
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have aspirations similar to those of the most auspicious,
but acts without due consideration and mature deliberation. He is impractical and does not take care
of himself, professionally or personally, and will therefore experience unavoidable losses. He will have
many hardships.
Persevere in your goals.
Progress seems rapid, but one should continue to act cautiously, keeping one's goal firmly in mind at
all times.

4
nourishing what is Great, Great fertility) (as) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones
Accumulation of Great strength (Great action and/or restraint, restrained power, Great and/or
restrained gain, a Great sacrifice, nourishing what is Great, Great fertility) is (was, might, will,
or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-
The young bull with a headboard (something to handle and/or restrain it).
The young bull under control.
In that case there will be Great good fortune.

The great good fortune of this line consists in the fact that it has joy."
Gathered sources: It is (was, might, or will be) good to act (to set forth), but this must be (or must
have been) done with great control and a certain amount of restraint.
A headboard on a young bull restrains the horns from doing damage. In a broader sense, the
headboard of wood indicates "that which is softly organizing and penetrating", or the wind, the word,
or "a way of organizing" that is as installed upon (or attached to) the horns, or the extremes of a
potentially reckless young bull, an analogy of something dangerous linked to the output of great
strength (of someone or something that is in a developing stage).
It means that it is (was, might, or will be) favorable (in accordance with the circumstances) if someone
who (or something that) has not yet reached full strength will be "calmed down" (stimulated into "self-
control", or restraint).
The "Great good fortune" indicated by this line shows that there is (and that there will, or should be)
occasion for joy (happiness in ones life).
This line and the one following it are the two that tame the forward-pushing lower lines. A good way to
restrain wild force is to forestall it. By so doing one achieves an easy and great success.
~ Profile
Line 4 has the trigram Qian immediately below it, with the latter's creative strength driving upward.
This has the effect of making these individuals exercise special care and attention on restraining and
guiding the strength and aspirations of those below them, and on curbing evil or erroneous
propensities at the start. Such persons are great natural teachers, in all walks of life. Their unselfish
and devoted efforts are very effective, and great good fortune arises from them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be well qualified both personally and professionally, and
possess a deep, innate knowledge of psychology which he will use instinctively as occasion
demands. He will achieve considerable wealth, and a high status.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will either be in a small, independent position, or an assistant
to some auspicious person. His knowledge, mentality and experience are insufficient to handle great
responsibilities.

When extraordinary caution is required, use it.
Extraordinary caution, in one's enterprises and in the distribution of nourishment, will bring good
fortune.
nourishing what is Great, Great fertility) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in,
with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in, with) the way things are managed
(at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus), and/or through (in) the
way one is nourishing (and/or taking nourishment).

advantage.
The tooth of a castrated hog.

As an amulet.
There will be good fortune.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) restraining and/or accumulating great
strength, in a way that looks like magic to those unaware;
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) allowing strength to accumulate in ways
one had not (yet) thought of.
He (one) is (was, might, will, or should be) manifesting and accumulating strength as by
magic."
JLK: This is a time to make certain that activities that involve the jaws (and/or words), and/or
emotions (and/or what can cause these), are excessively balanced and supportive. Depending on the
context, it may mean to give things a rest.
In a more general way, this concerns all that is related to what gets things to move (take action). This
allows strength to accumulate in other ways, and not be scattered by unnecessary turbulence.
This is the ruling line of the hexagram, and the opportunities offered should be used to passify (and/or
control) things in a balanced way, so that strength can accumulate appropriately.
Gathered sources: The "good fortune" indicated by this line, shows that there is (was, might, or will
be) occasion for congratulation.
There will be fortune in the form of blessings which one is (was, might, will, or should be) obtaining
independently of ones own efforts.
Restraining the impetuous forward drive is (was, might, will, or should be) achieved in an indirect way.

Here is shown an amulet, such as that of a tooth of a hog or the tusk of a boar or bear, as a proof of
having participated in a great sacrifice, thus, having measured up to a proof of strength, by restraining
and/or having obtained domination over something.
In itself, in its appropriated place, the tooth or tusk is dangerous. But if one alters the nature or
character of the hog, boar, or bear, by castrating it, the tooth or tusk is no longer a menace.
A good way to avoid force is to forestall it. Thus, one is (was, might, or will be) leading the way to
good fortune.
When facing a powerful, threatening, and dangerous force, one should not confront it head on.
Instead, one should block its influence and capacity to action indirectly.
The comment may also indicate that fortune will occur, due to having obtained domination over
something (dangerous, or wild), and/or the "materializing" (substantiating), or "proof" of it.
Thus, the occurrence of this line does not necessarily mean success is immediate, but (merely) that it
will be achieved in an indirect way. The nature of the success lies in the fact that the evil entity or
force at the center of what is occurring will not be able to reproduce (itself, or its actions), and/or go
on with things.
As is so often the case with the Yi Jing, the reading of this line may apply to several parties and/or
entities at once, at each opposing side, as well within as without, at the inside as at the exterior.
However, the good fortune mentioned in the commentary will be with the one doing the divination.
JLK: The nature of what is at the center of what is occurring, and/or of how to deal with what is at
hand, is further described in line 5 of hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness). It indicates
that one is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) immobilizing (resting, stilling, or stiffening) ones jaws:
one is (and/or should be) refraining from expressing oneself through words, or other forms of
expression that carry emotion, and/or one is (and/or should be) giving activities that involve the jaws
(and/or words, emotions) a rest.
~ Profile
As one of the rulers of this hexagram, in a ruling position, this line symbolizes leaders among men,
who need to repress and restrain evil. 'A gelded boar's tusks' represents that which needs to be
restrained and shows the method by which it can be done. A wild boar is very dangerous and uses its
tusks to harm others, Once a boar is gelded, it no longer cares to use its tusks. Therefore 'gelding'
evil is a good way to restrain and eradicate it, rather than trying to combat it directly. Good, wise,
steadfast, and strong men, with courage and vitality, are required to carry out such matters.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be highly talented, both personally and professionally, with
innate qualities of leadership. He will be assigned to positions involving the establishing of policies,
and controlling or influencing large numbers of people. He will make positive contributions within his
sphere of influence, and will have a good and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will not be a man of great vision, and so his life will be on a
small scale, self-circumscribed to within narrow limits. He will have a better than average, modest life,
with some joyful events.
It is best to restrain evil indirectly.

The use of indirect restraints is better than combating evil directly. Use them now and blessings will
accrue.
nourishing what is Great, Great fertility) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) reaching the way of Heaven.
Truth works in the Great.
There will be progress and success."
JLK: What is at the center of the issue at hand will lead to find (and/or learn about) the way of
Heaven. Ultimately, it is the most important kind of accumulation of great strength.
Conversely, one may have to ask what occurs at the center of the matter at hand is demonstrating
that one (or it) is reaching the way of Heaven, i.e. if things are good, right, loving, strong. If not, things
will (in the end) still show one the (right) way(s) of (and/or to) Heaven!
Gathered sources: "Reaching the way of Heaven": this shows one as in command of what will
happen. The way is (was, might, or will be) grandly (wide) open for movement (in a Great way).
The time of obstruction is past. The energy long dammed up by inhibition forces its way out and
achieves great success. This refers to a man who is honored by the ruler and whose principles now
prevail and shape the world.
JLK: Conversely, what occurs may not show one as "in command of what will happen". Still, it will
show (something) about the way(s) of (and/or to) Heaven.
~ Profile
These are sage individuals, who have studied the manifestations of Heaven and the laws of earth,
and know how to apply them in a manner similar to that in which Heaven does.
These persons are perspicacious, helpful, judicious, profound, erudite, sagacious, far-sighted and
dynamically courageous. Regrettably, a few have an inner negativity which prevents them from being
highly successful. If you are not achieving your desired results, correct yourself inwardly.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be one of the great and noble persons of his time, highly
respected and greatly sought after. He will achieve results that will benefit mankind as a whole, or, at
least, a great many people. He will become renowned for his efforts towards peace and the
improvement of mankind. He will have a very rewarding life, rich in friends, health, joy and material
pleasures.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be very ambitious, but will be set back by an inner
negativity that will keep him from being successful, both personally and professionally.
Try to follow the way of Heaven.
Act in accordance with the will of Heaven, and success will be yours.

Hexagram 27, the Way of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws)
- Yi (I)
The theme of this hexagram is how one is nourishing (oneself and/or others), the way this is done,
and what is used for nourishment, while the nourishment can be of a material, ideological, conceptual
and/or a spiritual nature.
The Image says:
"the way of nourishing; the nourishment; the feeding; providing nourishment;

the jaws; the teeth; to shake, and excite (ones own as well as the others') channels:
The thunder occurs at the foot of the mountain.

The mountain restrains and hides the thunder under its surface.
This is the image of the way of nourishing, and (using) the jaws.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) observing the times and ways of
nourishing and (what is) nourishment, as well as the occurring sizes, durations, the ways of
restraining and the nature of the provisions, as well as the places that are (were, might, will, or
should be) involved.
He is (was, might, will, or should be) respectfully contemplating the ways of (what is as) the
Great, as well as (what is as) the small tiger, and the arousal of, and the encountering with
what is Ultimate.
The Great Man, in accordance with this, will be watchful over his words (and over those of
others), and will temper his (and the others') eating and drinking.
He will provide nourishment, fostering and taking care of those who are (or that which is)
superior (strong, active, right, loving), in order to take care of all (men, people, crowds, the
others) through them (or through this).
Heaven and earth nourish all."
JLK: Hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws), shows thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences) occurring at the foot (the beginning) of the mountain (the immobile, what
is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information). The thunder shocks all into awakening
and movement that is confronted by the mountain (what is stilled, stacked up and grown tough). This
gives the idea of how the mouth (the jaws) takes nourishment by crushing it between its lower jaw
moving against the upper jaw.
All beings (things) feed on what is small(er), and sooner or later get caught by what is greater than
themselves (itself). That's why the time of nourishing (nourishment) is closely associated with (and/or
occurring in a context of) smallness (receptiveness, passiveness, weakness, openness), as described
by inner hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the Passive).
Gathered sources: This hexagram is made up of the trigram Gen, the mountain (the immobile, what is
rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information), over Zhen the thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences). This hexagram is like the graphic representation of an open mouth, with

two strong lines at each end and all Yin lines in the middle. The upper yang line is stable, like the
upper bone of the mouth. The lower yang line is unstable, like the movable jaw-bone, the upper and
lower lines could also represent the lips. The four yin lines represent the cavity or opening of the
mouth. Consequently the hexagram is originally named "the Jaws", and in such a manner in the
Chinese text that it relates to nourishment. The three lower lines have reference to material
nourishment and the three upper lines to the spiritual, ideological or conceptual.
Contemplating, starting with the mouth (opening, or tube), through which one takes (what is as) food
(nourishment), the thought leads to nourishment (or the recycling of "matter", either physically, or
spiritually) itself.
The mouth (or opening), as outlined by the shape of the hexagram, indicates a starting point.
Something is started, and thus something else is ended, whereas, on the other hand, something or
someone is (was, or will be) contemplating how something is being "swallowed", "eaten", or received
(taken in, or absorbed), by what is occurring in connection with what has the shape of a mouth (the
jaws, the top, the front, the forehead, the opening, the tube).
The two trigrams of this hexagram are opposed in movement. The mountain, the upper trigram,
stands still (as immobilized). Zhen, the thunder, the lower trigram, moves upward (arousing). This also
suggests (the workings of) the jaws, and teeth: the upper jaw being immobile, while the lower is
moving.
The original ancient Chinese ideogram for "yi", means "jaws", "cheek", or "chin".
On the left it shows the character "yi", which can be seen as (roughly, sketchy, suggestively) depicting
a face, with an emphasis on (from the angle such as depicting) the lower jaw (or chin). It also has
come to mean "a scholar", or "an official".
On the right it shows the character "yeh", which shows a head on a body. The meaning of it focuses
on "the head" (or "that which indicates about the nature, or character of the body", how it is
nourishing, acting, - either enduring, firm, and persevering, or not - and which, by contemplating it,
enables one to observe what is taken in, and how).
Another meaning for the character "yeh" is "a leaf of a book", "a page" (in its capacity of being able to
display about certain specific conditions (by "hanging them up" - displaying words that are written
down - for contemplation, or reference) and in its capacity of being (of) - spiritual, or practical -
nourishment).
This is what may (therefore, also) result in the image (idea) of "devouring a book" (or other
"organized" kind of work, organization, or organism, which is what a scholar may do), but which may
for instance also be associated with when "the mouth" (or jaws) is (are) working on (speaking) a lot (a
"mouthful") of words (systems, or ways of organizing).
In contrast to hex. 5, Biding the Delay (Waiting or Not Waiting, Ultimate Truth), where one also deals
with nourishment (but which emphasizes ones dependence on it, especially in the way of investing
ones time in, or with it), the theme of hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws), is
rather ones (human's) role in the providing of nourishment.
A secondary meaning lies in the fact that one may first be providing for nourishment (or contemplating
it) for those who are worthy (of it), in order that in this way, all (the others, the people, or the crowds)
may be nourished.
Thus, hex. 5 indicates provision of nourishment as a natural problem (being a solution, or a delay to
things), while hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws), represents the social
and/or organizational aspect of it (the social problem, the food-chain, the recycling).
A similar contrast occurs between two other hexagrams that in themselves are representing (a way
to) nourishment: Jing, hex. 48, the Well (the Source, the Association), which represents "the search

for water" necessary to "nourish" (and the way this occurs), and Ding, hex. 50, the Boiling Pot
(Transmutation, the Vessel Rejuvenating), representing (that which is containing) the "food" (and/or
experience) that is necessary for "nourishing".
The rulers of the hexagram are the six in the 5th place and the nine at the top. These are the lines
referred to in the part of the text which says: "The Great Man provides (for) nourishment, fostering
and taking care of those who are (or that which is) superior, in order to take care of all (men, the
people, the crowds, the others) through them (or through this)."
The Judgment says:
"A way of nourishing, nourishment, feeding, providing nourishment, jaws, teeth, shaking up
and exciting ones (own as well as the others') channels:
Acting (advancing) with firm correctness (and/or anticipation) regarding these there will be
good fortune.
Watch the way the tiger eats, moves, hunts and treats.
Look again! (While looking around).
We pray (all) our mouths will be filled.
One must observe the nourishing of others, what and how they provide for themselves.
Similarly, one must pay heed to ones own providing of nourishment, to what and/or how one
seeks to fill ones mouth (or "openness") with.
One should use "chopsticks" instead of "knife and fork".

One should use what does not look (and/or which isn't) aggressive (or offensive).
One should proceed in a highly refined and cultivated way (rather than in a discomforting,
threatening, provoking, difficult, and/or dangerous way).
JLK: If one wishes to gain strength, one should nourish oneself (and/or the others) with what
is right, and superior, and/or with what will activate ones (the) "channels" (body).
If one nourishes oneself (and/or the others) with what is inferior, there will be misfortune.
Therefore the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) turning to superior nourishment
and activity (arousal, movement).
There is good fortune in the divination, anticipation and being persevering."
Gathered sources: One contemplates the nourishment, and the (potential) chain reaction. There is
good fortune in looking and acting ahead of what will happen. It is good to persist.
This hexagram, indicates that "with firm correctness, there will be good fortune": but only if the
nourishment, or the way to providing for this is right (and correct).
One must look at "what one is seeking (pursuing) as nourishment": one must look at who one is
seeking to nourish, with what, and how, and one must (also) look at how others (will) do this, as this
can be learning one to a Great extend on their nature and character as well as the proper way and
nourishment to provide for oneself and/or others.
One must by the exercise of ones thoughts seek for the proper (way to) nourishment: one must look
to ones own nourishment and that of others.
Heaven and earth nourish all things; The wise, holy, or sage ones, nourish men of talents and virtue
by them, to reach to the myriads of people. Great is the work intended by this nourishing in its time!
Thus, here, nourishment does not only occur in a literal way, but is indicating "that which someone will
do for oneself, and for others", in a general way.

"Watch the way the tiger eats": this means one must contemplate the way the tiger provides for
nourishment, but also beware of when the tiger is (or will be) eating. One should try to notice in time
when one is being the hunter or when one has become the prey.
One contemplates with what physical movements the nourishment is, or will be consumed, and what
this will mean, socially speaking.
If one will use "chopsticks" at the dinner table, instead of "knife and fork", nobody will feel offended, or
become angry. Thus, provocation, sorrow, irritation, and eventually damage, may be avoided. This
means one should proceed in a highly cultivated way in order to avoid a potentially damaging
situation, thus allowing things to regain energy, and to regenerate.
The chopsticks (tools for eating, made of wood) can furthermore indicate the cultivated application of
what is a highly refined way, a system, an organization or a management, when regulating (providing
for) nourishment, or the multiple ways this may occur.
In taking care of nourishment (and the bestowing of it), it is important that the right people should be
taken care of, and that one should attend to ones own nourishment in the right way (as far as this is
possible).
If one wishes to know what anyone (or anything) is like, one only has to observe on whom one
bestows ones care (who is helped, and receiving), and what sides of ones (own) nature one is
cultivating, and nourishing. Nature nourishes all creatures, in or with time. The Great Man fosters, and
takes care of what is superior, in order to take care of all (through this).
Mencius (a scholar, 389 to 305 B.C., see "Book of Mencius", bk VI, sect. A, 14) says about this:
"If one wishes to know whether (any-) one is superior or not, one need only observe what part of ones
being one regards as especially important. The body has superior and inferior, important and
unimportant parts. One must not injure the important parts for the sake of the unimportant, nor must
one injure the superior parts for the sake of the inferior. One who cultivates the inferior parts (of ones
nature), is an inferior one. One who cultivates the superior part (of ones nature), is a superior one."
What will allow regeneration is indicated by the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is
stacked up and grown tough, information).
It is tranquility (rest, or peace) that is capable of modifying the movements as caused by the words
coming out of the mouth (penetration, organisms, or organizing, going from within to the exterior), and
the eating and drinking (going from the exterior within). For tranquility keeps the words that come out
of the mouth from exceeding proper measure, and keeps the food that goes into the mouth from
exceeding its proper measure. This is what cultivates character.
Commentary
Being observant of what people seek, and how they desire to be nourished, helps the superior one to
help others as well as oneself.
Confucius enjoins students to note what parts of their bodies other people are concerned about, and
how those persons nourish themselves. They can then know what types of individual these persons
are. This advice is still valid, with the up to date adjunct that behind every man's desire are needs he
is trying to fill.
~ Profile
The principal trait of individuals with this natal hexagram is that they are diagnosticians.

Broadly speaking, the persons depicted here will be leaders, with greater or lesser responsibilities for
nourishing others. They can be found in nearly every walk of life, depending on their personal desires
and choice. They will diagnose the needs of people, and try to find ways and means to satisfy them.
Those born in the eight month [September - October] will be most auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: Nourishing (nourishment, and/or a pair of jaws), and/or the way of nourishing (using the
jaws, and/or shaking the channels), is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or
required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on
the floor), and/or in the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
One is (was, might, or will be) letting ones magic tortoise go, and looking at me (the Yi, or 'the
other') with the corners of the mouth drooping.
Then there is (was, might, or will be) misfortune.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) counting (taking care of, and/or
respecting) his lucky stars (what brings him luck, and/or what he uses to navigate by), and/or
is (was, might, will, or should be) thankful for them.
He will (or should) let himself be guided by what he knows he can trust to bring him good luck,
and recognize in time and avoid what will bring bad luck.
The inferior one can't attain to that, and will waste what can bring him good luck."
JLK: One is (was, might, or will be) letting ones "magic tortoise" (and/or luck bringing amulet) go, or is
at risk of doing so. In the latter case, act with care (control and intelligence) at the beginning (or with
the feet, or the workforce), and with anything that can have a big impact as that of the thunder
(arousal, shock, movement, consequences), the lower trigram.
If one is still in the position to not let go of (what is as) ones "magic tortoise" (that which brings good
luck), then this line holds a warning to hold on to it, respectfully, and with gratitude (as it's valuable).
If not, then this line describes a sad situation, where one will be looking at the loss of what is of a
"magical" nature, and was useful (and/or nourishing) to one.
The nature of the occurring circumstances are described in the 1st line of hex. 51, the Thunder (the
Movement, the Arousing), and shows (some form of) shock, arousal, followed by happiness and glee.
One should follow the natural evolution from tension and shock, to realization (awareness), relaxation
and happy acceptance (release).
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may indicate how the one at the center of the matter at hand
is (was, might, or will be) doing something wrong (erratic, and/or youthfully ignorant) which results in
defeat (loss, and/or 'bad luck'), yet one is (was, might, or will be) blaming others (the other), and/or
something else (outside of oneself) for it.
This is as if one were looking at the feet for nourishment (and/or a solution). It shows how ones way
of nourishing (nourishment, and/or using of the jaws) is small (weak, inferior, dark, bad, evil), and/or it
shows what is (was, might, or will be) like a small animal feeding itself with what is occurring below (at
a lower location), with what is small (weak, inferior, dark, bad, evil).

Instead of blaming others and/or something else for the defeat (loss, and/or 'bad luck'), and/or instead
of looking to the feet (what is at the beginning, what is young or early, and/or the way of moving
forward) for nourishment (and/or a solution), one should look at how to make ones ways of nourishing
(one nourishment, and/or using the jaws) in accordance with what is superior (Great, strong, active,
right, loving), get a grip on things, be thankful for ones 'lucky stars' (the blessings from above) and put
them to good use, and/or make the best of things. Then, after an initial shock, there may be
happiness and glee.
Thus, this line may hold the idea that the superior one will (or should) "count" (appreciate) his "lucky
stars", while the inferior one will "waste" (not value) them and encounter misfortune due to this. One
should not waste or lose what brings one good luck.
Gathered sources: Here, if one goes on, not relying on ones (own) rich resources (material, human,
spiritual), such as symbolized by ones "magic tortoise", and/or without true reverence, and dedication
(without choosing the right way, time, or appropriate moment), or while one is (or has to be) eating, or
nourishing (oneself, by ones own means), then there will be no profit (misfortune), which might result
in evil.
The magic tortoise represents a creature possessed of such supernatural powers that it lives on air
and needs no earthly nourishment. The image means that a man fitted by nature and position to
live freely and independently renounces this self-reliance and instead looks with envy and discontent
at others who are outwardly in better circumstances. But such base envy only arouses derision and
contempt in those others. This has bad results.
This line may hold the warning that if under the occurring circumstances one is depending on others
(for matters of major importance), this will bring misfortune.
General comment
The magic tortoise is the animal the shell of which was used for divination in early times. To lose
one's magic tortoise means that one lets one's life become subject to chance rather than positive
control.
Having "the corners of the mouth drooping", i.e. being with an open mouth, is symbolic of wanting to
be fed like a baby.
~ Profile
Basically, these persons are not exercising proper control over their own destiny.
Either such persons do not want to bite (work hard) for their nourishment, or else they are so
lackadaisical that they do not care. These persons would gladly be parasites if circumstances
permitted. In any event, they are unable to persist in following true goals, but tend to follow mirages
on the horizon.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will seek his fortune in a foreign country where he imagines life
will be easier. He will be poor in worldly wealth, and mean in disposition. He will be greedy but lazy.
Although he may make some slight gains, he will mainly have large losses.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be anomalous, disloyal and corrupt. He will have a
difficult life, which will end in disaster.

Work to control your life.
It is man's duty to the Ultimate Creator to determine for himself what his duty is. If he forgoes this,
misfortune will result.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) nourishing (nourishment, and/or a
pair of jaws), and/or the way of nourishing (using the jaws, and/or shaking the channels), in
(for, at, through) the calves, and/or ones impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or
regional).
Nourishing (nourishment, and/or a pair of jaws) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
(and/or required) (as) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally
will be advantage.
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) (as) a jolt (a reflex, a smack or a blow) to (or with) the
jaws (the mouth, the chin, or "the top"): one is (was, might, or will be) shaking (or using) the
channels in the mound of the jaws (the top, front, or forehead) (of what occurs).
One (what occurs) should be searching for (and/or wishing to receive) nourishment on the
mountain (the hill, from the heights);
One should be leaving the accustomed path (way) to obtain (and look for) nourishment in the
mountains (the hills, the heights).
There is the risk that contrary to this, one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) looking
downwards for nourishment, which is contrary to what is proper, (while) (deluding oneself to
think one is) seeking it from the height above.
Then one would be neglecting the constancy and stability which can benefit life, seeking
nourishment from the wrong source.
Advance (towards the heights, while looking down), or continuing like this will bring
misfortune, which might result in evil!"
JLK: The image of this line shows one who wishes to receive nourishment from the top (the mountain,
the heights), yet who looks downwards (to what is low, small, weak, evil), and/or in inferior (weak,
bad) ways, to obtain it, which leads to nothing useful, and instead will bring misfortune if persisted in.
Therefore the superior one takes the advice of this line to (re-) turn to what is higher, right, and Great,
and in accordance with truth, and will walk (follow) its path.
This is the second line of the lower trigram the thunder. Line 2 in hex. 51, the Thunder (the
Movement, the Arousing), shows how one is temporarily losing (or marginally losing control over)
"one treasures" (in one way or another), possibly often and/or in many ways. Thus one may have to
(and should) temporarily (and/or marginally) renounce to "what one owns" (what one cares about,

what one cherishes), as it will return in what are like 7 days (a moderately substantial period of time).
After an initial shock (such as that of a strike of thunder), it is natural to have a pullback (a dip), before
the movement can go on. In the text of this line it is expressed in the idea that one should temporarily
leave ones accustomed path, before (returning) to what is higher (superior), as a natural continuation
of the previous (higher, superior) movement.
After this, one may have to "climb the nine hills", as expressed in the second line of hex. 51, the
Thunder (the Movement, the Arousing).
In accordance with the nature of thunder, the superior one should focus on arousing (awakening,
moving, and/or stimulating) the other(s), and/or ones environment, in good spirit, thus attracting and
channeling the positive regenerating supernatural forces and its stimulating capacity to rejuvenate
nature.
Gathered sources: The best nourishment in this hexagram comes from the "top of the mountain", as
represented by line 6. Normally the second line should correlate with, and seek nourishment from, the
fifth line, i.e. in this case, half way up the mountain, equivalent to "the hills".
However, since the second line has no support from the fifth line (the ruler of the hexagram), it tries to
obtain nourishment from the top line (the hills, or the "heights") [while seeking it below]. Seeking
nourishment in the wrong place or in the wrong way naturally leads to misfortune.
When one separates oneself from the normal path and tries to attain things beyond ones natural
capacities, misfortune must surely be the result.
People frequently lose their real security in their search of more security and thus exhaust their
vitality. All people wish to be happy. Only a few understand that real happiness cannot be obtained
with the restlessness that is created by constant searching.
Thus, this line can depict a person who separates from his own kind, and who seeks nourishment for
which he is not duly prepared (or for which he doesn't have the means or resources) or that is not
appropriate (for other reasons).
The images of a "smack in the mouth", or that of a jolt or reflex, point to the fact that the vital energies
are (was, may or will be) disturbed and/or that one is under pressure or shaken up. At such a time it
would be foolish to go on with an undertaking as it is no state in which to take drastic action.
~ Profile
This line depicts persons who separate from their own kind, and seek nourishment for which they are
not duly prepared or that is not appropriate.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will lead a quiet and unhurried life, keeping out of troubles, and
sustaining himself and his family modestly. He will have a safe and relatively uneventful life, and will
seek to improve himself inwardly.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have unstable characteristics and a vacillating
personality, with others never knowing what to expect from him. He will not concentrate or persevere,
and he will have a propensity for cheating or getting things the easy way. He will have many
hardships, and some serious troubles.

Work among your peers.
Seek nourishment among your peers. Work in seclusion only if it is with the deepest sincerity.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) nourishing (nourishment, and/or a pair of
jaws), and/or the way of nourishing (using the jaws, and/or shaking the channels), (as) in (at,
for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego,
the design and/or application of the laws to live by, and their influence on (their capacity to
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) determined not to eat (consume) anything
(take nourishment) (anymore), and/or not to provide for it.
This means one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) acting contrary to the correct
method of nourishing.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) shaking (in) the jaws.
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) as a trial, indicates a pitfall, and/or leads away from the
experience (the essence) of meaning (and/or ones understanding); One ends up being stuck
and exposed to danger (difficulties), unable to take in (or control) the situation;
Ones flow of life and spirit is (was, might, or will be) blocked.
However one is persevering, anticipating or doing the divination, and however firm one may
be, there will be misfortune, which might result in evil!
Thus, perseverance, anticipation and the divination, bring misfortune.
For ten years let one not take any action: it will not in any way be advantageous. Ten years are
(were, will, or might be) wasted. Nothing serves to further. No place is profitable."
JLK: "One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) as shaking (in) the jaws": the Mawangdui text
shows the image of "threshing jaws", like jaws "clattering", evoking the image of rhythmic and/or
(forceful and/or uncontrolled) movement as when being cold and/or under-/malnourished, or as when
speaking with force, restraint, or stammering.
The advice not to take any action, concerns action that would lead to not taking nourishment (and/or
means to sustain life), and/or to taking inappropriate (malnourishing, poisonous, corrupting, and/or
toxic) nourishment, and/or to the "shaking" of the jaws (and/or "forceful" words). In other words: one
should not refuse to take nourishment, but neither should one take nourishment that is inappropriate
(malnourishing, poisonous, corrupting, and/or toxic). One may have to determine further what will be
"appropriate".

Gathered sources: "For ten years let one not take any action": ones course is Greatly opposed to
what is right.
Thus, Buddha too, similar to what is occurring at present, he decided not to be eating anything,
anymore, but later, came back (turning away) from this fruitless (infertile) way (discipline, or decision).
For ten years (or periods) does one not fulfill any useful function or position, and it is of no use for one
to be taking any action whatsoever (or to begin a Great endeavor); No place is profitable, and nothing
furthers.
This is because one (or what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (totally) corrupted (sickened, or
spoiled).
The shaking in the jaws (also) suggests the image of chattering (clicking, clattering) teeth (which may
indicate talking, or making noise while the teeth are forcefully coming, or put together). This could be
due to (ones) fright, palsy (paralysis), excessive tension, disorder or illness. Here, it is noted, that if
one can not bite (chew, or put together the teeth) properly, no nourishment (or way of nourishing) is
possible for ten years.
One who seeks nourishment that does not nourish, while dizziness and feebleness (weakness)
approach, befalls to ones desire for satisfaction (gratification, or pleasures), and is therein (thereby)
craving (more) desire.
A blind (or mad) pursuit of ones aims (ones pursuit of pleasure and satisfaction of the senses) never
brings one to the goal. One should never (in this case ten years, or periods, a complete time cycle)
follow this path (or way), for nothing good can come of it.
Thus, for one reason or another, one may be forced (force oneself, be seduced, or be led) not to eat,
or not to take care of what leads to (correct) nourishment, adequately, in, with, or through time. This is
not good.
However, it does not mean that one needs to renounce (entirely) to ones goals, but that one needs to
take (or inquire unto) appropriate measures, if possible, so that the present threat (of malnutrition,
physical, spiritual, or otherwise) will be overcome.
General comment
Line 3, as the lower center of the mouth, looks to the jawbone, line 1, for its nourishment rather than
to line 6, its normal correlate. The lesson here, as elsewhere, in Yi Jing is that man must develop his
inner self, from which an auspicious external life will follow. A change of this line to its opposite
produces hex. 22, Pi, which is concerned with external embellishments. A whole cycle of life (ten
years) is wasted in pursuing such a course. Any advancement in this direction will only make matters
worse. Heed the warning.
~ Profile
People who are prone to give in to their desires may be depicted here, these desires being in a
material, spiritual, emotional or other domain. Not only are they at risk of wasting much time, they
may never find the correct way of doing things, unless they carefully heed their actions.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be reasonably talented, and sufficiently wise to be able to
restrain and repress damaging desires, as well as to reform if he makes mistakes. His life will be on a
humble scale, but good.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a violent, base and dishonest person given to

pursuing evil goals. He will have a difficult life, which will end in disaster.
Cooperate by giving and receiving.
He who believes himself to be self-sufficient, neither giving nor receiving nourishment, will experience
a period of misfortune.
jaws), and/or the way of nourishing (using the jaws, and/or shaking the channels), (as) in (for)
the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
Nourishing (nourishment, and/or a pair of jaws) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like a hungry (sad) tiger that has received
a jolt (a hit) to the jaw (and/or the forehead), looking for nourishment (and/or guidance,
inspiration) from the top of the mountain (the hill, what is higher);
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) looking upwards (and/or to the summit)
for nourishment (or for the power to nourish, inspire).
Looking for nourishment from the top (what is higher) is what brings profit (good fortune, or
advantage)!"
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like a hungry (sad) tiger that has received a
jolt (a hit) to the jaw (and/or forehead), looking for nourishment (and/or guidance, inspiration). If one is
looking for nourishment at the top (from what is "higher", i.e. not necessarily from what is great,
strong, etc...), then there will be good fortune. If one is looking elsewhere (downwards, at what is
below, i.e. not necessarily from what is small, weak, etc...), there can only be hunger (sadness).
Being hungry (sad, stressed) like a tiger is a good thing, if one is willing to look for - and accept -
nourishment at (and/or from) the top of the mountain (from "above"), which will bring fortune.
Otherwise, things will fail.
The Mawangdui version of the Yi Jing shows the image of a jaw upside-down. This is one of the ways
the hunger (and/or sadness) shows itself. Therefore, what occurs is an "upside-down", abnormal,
unbalanced form of hunger (and/or sadness) and/or way of nourishing, and/or the one taking
nourishment is in an "upside-down" position.
Gathered sources: The good fortune occurs thanks to blessings from (the) above. But if one is not
willing to receive them, then only sadness (hunger, emptiness) remains
Like in the case of the 2nd line of this hexagram, this may indicate a hermit (or widow), but here,
instead of only being bent on ones own advantage, one is at a high position (in life), and one is ready

for a spiritual life. One is going up the mountains (looking for nourishment above, from the mountain,
summit, or top), because one can not do anything else.
One may be striving to let ones light (strength, creativity, activity, and Greatness) shine forth. But, to
do this, one needs helpers, because one is not able to pursue ones (lofty, higher, or superior) aim
alone. With the greed and desire of a Tiger one is on the lookout for the right people (help from
others, like for instance that of the Yi Jing).
Since one is not working for oneself, but for the good of all, there is nothing wrong (no mistake, no
error, and no blame) in such a zeal (hard work, meticulousness, or Great precision).
The "good fortune attached to looking upwards for the power to nourish", shows how brilliant will be
the diffusion of that power from the one (the subject) as described by the top-most line.
Otherwise, this may indicate that "a jolt" (a reflex, or - what is like - a "blow") to the jaws (the top,
front, or forehead), will (or might) wake one up. It may encourage one to combine the Tigers nature
and faculty of constant (visual) inspection (alertness, vigilance, or apprehension), with the pursuing
(expanding, and spreading out) of ones aim with Great diligence. Then, there will be profit (good
fortune, or advantage), no mistake (no error), and no blame.
General comment
The Heavenly and true nourishment is at the mountain top, line 6. Those depicted here know
something about it, but as they are at the foot of the mountain (the immobilizing, the rest, what is
stacked up), i.e. line 4, they are looking everywhere with keen eyes, trying to discern how they can be
genuinely nourished themselves, as well as how to provide nourishment for others.
Since the fourth line is the position of a minister, these persons are looking for the right people to help
and support them in this effort, in addition to seeking the proper nourishment for themselves. These
individuals will be executives, or others involved with the assignment and supervision of personnel, or
matters relating to their welfare.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of many capabilities, knowledgeable,
broadminded, visionary and magnanimous, who will accomplish worthwhile results for the people,
and perhaps even help bring peace to the nation.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will use his talents and efforts for selfish purposes, and
especially in striving for money, glory and power. He will experience many difficulties in all phases of
his life.
Analyze how best to help others.
Be like a hungry tiger. Find the right nourishment. Be willing to share it with others.

5
jaws), and/or the way of nourishing (using the jaws, and/or shaking the channels), (as) in (for,
with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or
through (in, with) the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the

advantage.
Shake the channels.

Put into practice the divination.
Residing (dwelling, staying) in a trial (a challenge) is significant.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) acting contrary to what is proper;
One is (was, might, or will be) turning away from the proper (established, and/or usual) way
(path).
But if one remain persevering and anticipating, abiding in firmness, then there will be good
fortune.
However, one will not be able, and should not try, to cross the Great stream (the Great water,
to begin an endeavor, or pursue a goal, or aim).
In ones aims (goals, or objectives) it is good (and useful) to comply with (agree, follow, or
obey to) (the way of) what is superior (or above); Indeed."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, one (what occurs) must move oneself (shake "the
channels", and/or "wake-up"), but one must not attempt any major action and/or (merely) go on in the
way being considered for the matter at hand.
The way to deal with the matter at hand (the circumstances) is described in the 5th line of hex. 52, the
Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness). One should "still" ones mouth (and/or that which is used to
express oneself), and/or make sure it is well controlled and that ones words are well ordered and
measured.
One should "abide in firmness", complying with (following) what is superior (high). Then there will be
good fortune.
One is (was, might, or will be) at risk of acting contrary to what is (the) proper (the regular, the
standard, the law, or the classic), and/or one is at risk of turning away from the proper (established,
and/or usual) way (path). Therefore, under the occurring circumstances one will do best by sticking to
convention and/or ones (and/or the) usual (common) way of doing things.
Line 5 of hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness), further describes the situation at hand,
and shows how one is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) immobilizing (resting, stilling, or stiffening)
ones jaws, refraining from expressing oneself through words, or other forms of expression that carry
emotion, and/or how one is (and/or should be) giving activities that involve the jaws (and/or words,
emotions) a rest, and/or giving particular care to how these are "stacked up" (and/or "pushing" things
around).
In simple words: this line may advise to stop talking (and/or giving orders), or only to talk in ways that
are highly appropriate for the situation at hand, and/or to avoid (the occurrence of) talking by others
turning into a problem, especially as related to taking or providing nourishment (physical, material, or

spiritual).
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) acting contrary to what is (the) proper (the regular,
the standard, the law, or the classic). One is leaving (moving away from) a normal style (way) of life.
Firm perseverance and anticipation brings fortune to those who (will) stay where they are (now). The
Great stream (or Great water) should (must) not be crossed (one should not begin a Great endeavor).
The fortune comes from voluntarily obeying those who are superior (or "above").
This may depict one who may be conscious (aware) of a deficiency (in oneself). One should be busy
with nourishment (for the people, the crowds, or all) but one has not the strength to do this (or one is
obstructed). Thus, one must turn away of ones accustomed path (or way), and beg counsel and help
from one who is spiritually superior, but undistinguished outwardly (at the exterior). If one maintains
this attitude of mind with perseverance, one will find success and good fortune. But one must remain
aware of ones dependence At this time (under the occurring circumstances) one must (should) not
put oneself forward, nor attempt Great labors (or endeavors) such as crossing the Great stream (or
the Great water).
"Shake up the channels", suggests (one may be) "shaking" (activating, stimulating) the "channels of
energy" (as those that one may consider from a medical standpoint). One may move oneself, but one
must (or should) not attempt any major action.
The "good fortune from abiding in firmness", is due to the docility of the line's subject in following the
subject of the top-most line.
~ Profile
Normally, the fifth line is the controlling line, symbolizing the ruler or leader who nourishes, guides and
supports others. Here, however, this function belongs to line 6. Therefore line 5, and the person it
symbolizes, has to forsake established ways and gains its strength and support from line 6. If he
abides in and follows what is right., good fortune ensues.
Unfortunately, the persons depicted here have inadequate strength, knowledge or experience to
engage in great enterprises on their own. They will fare best when they let someone superior to
themselves do the leading.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He is likely to inherit independent means, or receive considerable
help from others, such that he has a good life. He will render some service to others, but his
accomplishments will not be great.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will probably have little or no inheritance. Otherwise he will
have a similar life to the most auspicious.
Help superiors nourish others.
One is not qualified to give nourishment independently. Continue working with superiors and good
fortune will result.

6
jaws), and/or the way of nourishing (using the jaws, and/or shaking the channels), (as) in (for,
with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
What is at stake concerns the highest (and/or superior) form (manifestation, and/or
occurrence) of the way of nourishing (using the jaws, and/or shaking the channels).
Thus, the superior one (and/or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (at) the source
(the starting point, the origin) of, and/or is (was, might, will, or should be) providing, the
highest (and/or superior) form (manifestation, and/or occurrence) of nourishment, and/or the
way of nourishing (using the jaws, and/or shaking the channels);
An inferior one can not do that, and/or will follow inferior leading principles (flawed wisdom).
One must look at (analyze, understand, learn from) the source (the starting point) of what is
(was, might, will, or should be) nourishing (the nourishment, using the jaws, and/or shaking
the channels), and/or what ruling principle (wisdom) is (was, might, will, or should be)
followed for (with) it.
The way (the ruling principle, the wisdom) of nourishing (using the jaws, and/or shaking the
channels), and/or the source of nourishment, are issues of major (top) importance.
If one is (was, might, or will be) nourished (and/or nourishing) in a way that is right (good),
and/or by what is right (good), then the results will be right (good).
If one is (was, might, or will be) nourished (and/or nourishing) in a way that is wrong (bad),
and/or by what is wrong (bad), then the results will be wrong (bad).
Like (with) antecedent jaws: adversity (difficulties, danger) can be significant.
Recognition of the grave responsibilities brings good fortune.

Ones position is (was, might, or will be) perilous (difficult or dangerous), but there will be
good fortune.
It will be advantageous to cross the Great stream (the Great water, or to begin an endeavor), or
to harvest (what will be profitable, and what will benefit)."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, the way of nourishing must serve the highest good, and all
parties involved must be honored (applied, put to work, and/or reckoned with, considered). Like the
antecedent jaws, both (all) sides are to be involved (collaborating, being coordinated, and/or
adjusted) to achieve ones goal(s). If this is not the case, and/or not occurring in the right way, then the
good fortune mentioned in the comment can not be realized, or can only be short-lived. That's why
one has to realize (recognize) the gravity of what's at stake.
The difficulties (peril, danger, or incalculableness) one has to deal with are (were, might or will be) like
an inappropriate (and/or harmful) ingredient in ones nourishment (and/or what is like this). Removing
and/or avoiding it, in accordance with what serves the highest good, is (were, might or will be) a grave
matter, and to be occurring with the highest precautions.
The way to deal with the occurring circumstances is further described in line 6 of hex. 52, the
Mountain (the Rest, the Stillness): one (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) keeping
still (immobile) that which is Great, superior and noble, in a Great, superior and noble way, and/or is
stacking (piling) things up and/or storing something that way.

One will have to give particular care to what leading principles and/or wisdom to move by, and/or halt
ones movement (immobilizing, stacking things up). If its building blocks (principles, emthods,
understandings) are not in good order, there can be no advantage.
The inner hexagram for the present one is hex. 24, the Return (Reversing, the Temporary Closing of
the Roads). Its 6th line shows how one is (was, might, or will be) failing to understand it's a time
where things are returning, and/or delayed. It may be time (and/or necessary) to close the roads.
They will be reopened later (in some time). If there are friends (associates), they will return (or come)
in what is as "7 days", or one may have to return to them (or to what is befriended, or friendly).
Gathered sources: Here, one may have the resources that one requires to feed (or support) oneself
and/or that which is at the center of ones inquiry. But one must ask the question if what occurs (the
issue at hand) is doing more damage than good. If one is aware of this issue, one can tackle even the
greatest tasks.
There is a risk that in the nourishment there may be something that is foreign and/or harmful. If one is
(was, might, or will be) weary of this, removing it in time, then one is (was, might, or will be)
encountering many good things. It may be good to go somewhere.
In short, the advice of this line is: be very careful with what you put in your mouth (and/or what you
take as nourishment, in a material or immaterial way).
The "good fortune, notwithstanding the peril (difficulties, or danger) of ones position" (of one from
whom (or that from which) the nourishing comes), affords Great cause for congratulation.
Nourishment (nourishing) gives occasion to difficulties (danger) as well as (to) good fortune (which is
not depending on ones own efforts, or merits). This indicates that the blessings are truly Great.
This may be describing a wise, or sage one, of the highest order, from whom emanates all influences
that provide (or brings) nourishment for others. Such a position brings with it, heavy responsibility.
(But), if one remains aware of this fact, one has good fortune and may undertake (even) Great and
difficult (or dangerous) labors, or endeavors (like the crossing of the Great stream, or water). These
undertakings will (then) bring general happiness, for oneself, as well as all (the) others.
Otherwise, this may suggest the idea that there can be danger while eating (considering, or providing
nourishment). If one is (only) preoccupied with food (nourishment, or the way of nourishing), one may
be inattentive to possible danger. The instruction here, is to be careful of what is used to nourish the
body and the mind (the spirit), for it is a time for Great movement (or action).
General comment
Line 6 in this hexagram (see also the commentaries on the other lines) is the source of nourishment.
The persons depicted here have great wisdom, and recognize their grave responsibility for the
nourishment being correct and proper, so that no harm is done to those being nourished. When one is
so sagaciously endowed, it is also incumbent on one to pass one's knowledge, virtues and
experience on to others, hence the admonition to cross the great water. These persons are truly great
and noble.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of great virtue and exceptional talents,
perspicacious and sagacious. He will attain a high position, either in civil or governmental activity
where the welfare of the nation is one of the principal concerns. He will be trusted by superiors and
respected by the people, and will accomplish much of great merit and lasting benefit. He will have a
long and rewarding life.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also have good fortune and a long and beneficial life, but
on a lesser scale. He will be renowned locally.
Nourish others impartially.
Awareness of the need to give nourishment to others impartially brings good fortune. The task is
great, but one can overcome all the difficulties involved.

Hexagram 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner Preponderance)
- Da Guo (Ta Kuo)
The theme of this hexagram is that of strength and weakness occurring either at precisely the right
places, or in excess at the wrong places, such as illustrated by a ridgepole (of a roof) that is thick and
strong in the middle, but thin and too weak at its ends, characterizing a situation that can not last, or
that is at the extremity of what can hold (i.e. pushed to the extreme).
The Image says:
"exceeding Greatness; the Great excess; inner preponderance (supremacy, dominance);

the Great which is all and beyond (breaking through) the ordinary:
The wood under (the water of) the ocean.

The wood flooded by the ocean.
Although generally water is good to the wood, here there is (was, might, or will be) too much
of it that has been accumulated in the ocean. This results in a flood.
The weight of the ocean is (was, might, or will be) bigger than what the wood (or the organism)
can support; (or) bigger than what the wind (the dispersing, the confusing) can be penetrating.
What is Great breaks through.

By its excessive greatness it breaks (through) opposing (inferior) forces, and/or holds (up)
and protects against what is (otherwise) in excess.
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) not getting worried when he stands
(up) alone, and is free of fear;
He is (was, might, will, or should be) not regretting and not disappointed when he has to
renounce to what the world could offer, knowing that what would be received would be
excessive to his purpose.
JLK: The Great Man will be free of fear (remaining contained), as he knows that what is Great
(good, light, strong, loving) will eventually (sooner or later) break through and/or hold (things),
and that when it does, it will do so excessively (abundantly);
He will know what is good (right) and/or excessively well-measured (proportionate, balanced),
and what is bad (wrong) and/or excessively unmeasured (disproportionate, unbalanced), and
adapt (things) accordingly.
He will be watchful over (and/or be vigilant against) what could be excessive to his purpose
(for realizing his goals)."
JLK: Hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner Preponderance), shows a massive
fertility, wetness, swamps) bearing (weighing, lying) on the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and
confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience).
Either the wood will hold the weight of the ocean (and give support), or it will break under its pressure.
This gives the idea of an excess of Greatness, that can occur on either side, in either way.
The circumstances and conditions of exceeding Greatness, is one of (or is closely related to a context

of) a measure of strength. What strength is, is described by the inner hex. 1, the Light (the Creative,
the Active).
Gathered sources: "Da", means "too big", or "too much", "Guo" means being "over", that which is
extra, or the surplus, the excess.
Although generally water is good to the wood, here there is too much of it: a flood. The water is that of
the ocean, thus it indicates wealth, exchange, joy, or sadness, as it might occur in lively, abundant
(but excessive) ways.
The excess occurs, because there is more "wealth" (joy and sadness, exchange, massive fullness
and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), than the wood (the wind, the softly
the experience) can carry, support, stop, or avoid.
This hexagram consists of four strong inner lines inside and two weak lines outside. When the strong
are outside and the weak inside (as is the case for hex. 61), then all is well and there is nothing out of
balance, nothing extraordinary in the situation. Here, however, the opposite is the case.
The hexagram represents a beam that is thick and heavy in the middle but too weak and thin at the
ends. This is a condition that cannot last. It must be changed, must pass, or misfortune will result.
JLK: Thus, this describes a situation where there is (was, might, or will be) either Greatness that will
break through what is like a beam that is too weak, or Greatness that will accommodate the situation
and provide what is like a beam that is truly strong and hold against what is in excess. Which of these
will be the case depends on what is indicated by the strong lines.
The Judgment says:
"Exceeding Greatness, Great excess, inner preponderance (supremacy, dominance), the Great
which is all and beyond and breaking through the ordinary:
These indicate the conditions and/or aspects that will matter and lead to success.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a ridgepole that is (was, might, will, or should
be) weak, and/or carrying an excessive weight, which is (was, might, will, or should be)
making it break, or bend dangerously.
Thus, the main ridgepole is (was, might, will, or should be) collapsing, or at risk of doing so.
That which is Great is (was, might, will, or should be) breaking through, holding, and/or
bringing forth a breakthrough, because of being in excess, and/or because of being
excessively Great.
JLK: What is like wood (the wind, the softly penetrating, confusing, and organizing, the
organism, the system) should be serving (giving support to) what is Great and excessive, as
this will be advantageous.
If it doesn't, it will be broken (through) by what is Great and excessive, and there will be
difficulties (danger).
Under the conditions of what is excessive and Great (strong, light, right, loving), it will be
advantageous to pursue a goal (to be moving in any direction whatever or to have a place to
go to). Then, there will be success."
Gathered sources: What occurs is like a huge building, with a heavy top and weak support. Or like a
man with a big torso but thin legs.

There is danger because the foundation can not carry the heavy load. This is like the ridgepole of a
house sagging to its breaking point.
The ridgepole is the horizontal, topmost timber in a roof. The stability of a house depends on it. It
breaks because its extremities (that carry the weight) are not strong enough for the weight they
support. Therefore, this is a safe time to move to another place, or to change things appropriately.
The occurring events and entities are exceptional. Thus extraordinary measures are necessary if one
wants to win. One needn't fear a revolution. Aggressive action will lead to nothing. One should untie
the knots, and penetrate the situation softly, as it is indicated by the lower trigram: "the wind/the
wood".
The situation demands real superiority (supremacy). Therefore the time of Greatness exceeding is a
momentous time.
See also Ta Chuan, section II, chapter II, par. 12:
"When the ancient buried their dead, they covered the body thickly with wood, having laid it in the
open country. They raised no mound over it, nor planted trees around, nor had they any fixed period
for mourning. In subsequent ages, for these practices the sages substituted the inner and outer
coffins. The idea of this was taken, probably, from the hexagram Da Guo, Exceeding Greatness (the
Great Excess, Inner Preponderance)."
JLK: One has to determine for the matter at hand, what is Great and like an ocean (joy and sadness,
swamps), and breaking through. If (what is like) the ocean is joyful and helps pursuing a goal, then
the breakthrough will lead to success and advantage. If (what is like) the ocean is full of sadness and
makes pursuing a goal difficult or impossible, then the breakthrough will bring failure and be
unfavorable.
If a plant (organism) can live under water, like sea plants, then living in ("under") the ocean is
experienced in a positive way, even if there are excessive amounts of water. Then the plant
(organism) is at the right place, if also at the right depth (which can be confirmed by a strong line).
If a plant (organism) can't live under water, like the plants used to living on land, or if a sea-plant is too
deep below the surface (having to bear the huge weight and pressure of the water), then living in
("under") the ocean is experienced in a negative way, due to the excessive amounts of water. Then
the plant (organism) is not at the right place.
While the traditional image of this hexagram focuses on excess (breaking through) by the ocean, with
the weight moving downwards (pushing on/through "the ridgepole"), the excess can also appear in
the opposite direction, moving upwards. Thus, a favorable breakthrough can also take the form of a
plant growing high beyond its usual habitat of a swamp, or that of a rocket rising towards (an ocean
of) space. An unfavorable breakthrough could be that of plant-life (organisms) turning the ocean into a
swamp, like toxic algae making most other forms of life impossible.
Commentary
This hexagram is heavy in the middle with yang lines, with a weak yin line at each end. The inner
hexagram is entirely yang.
The visual appearance of this hexagram reminded ancient sages of the ridgepole used to support the
roofs of their early houses. The pole rose diagonally from the ground. Being heavy in the middle,
here, it sags precariously.

~ Profile
This hexagram consists of the trigrams Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive
fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), over Sun, the wood (the
wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice
system, banners, the experience).
Likewise, externally, these persons have the wherewithal to nourish others. Inwardly they are firm and
stable, like wood. Hence, it is desirable for these persons to have a goal where the potential of
nourishment can be used. If this is done they have success.
They are always in danger of being too one-sided in their thoughts and deeds. This could be
dangerous if they use their great, innate inner strength selfishly. They must be impartial to the
maximum extent possible. On the other hand their great inner strength permits them to be undaunted,
even if they have to stand alone. So it can be a blessing or a drawback, depending on how it is used.
Lines
"JLK: Exceeding Greatness (Great excess, breaking through, inner preponderance,

supremacy, and/or dominance) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required)
(as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor),
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) experiencing (learning, knowing,
understanding) that he must put his trust in what is (genuinely) good (right, strong, loving)
and excessively well-measured (proportionate, balanced), especially when being at the
beginning (when young, on the floor, at a lower location), and/or in the way of (and/or when)
moving (advancing, in the way of doing things), as this will determine what will break through
at (in) the end (at a higher location, later).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, should, will be) (as) placing mats of (the) white (mao) grass
under those (or things) sitting (set, lying, or put) on the ground.
There will be no mistake; No error."
JLK: This line may indicate how one experiences the necessity to behave in a way that is genuinely
good (right, loving) from the outset (at the beginning), and especially when in an inferior (lower,
weaker) position. If the issue at hand shows this is the case, there will be nothing to fear.
The fact that one uses "a mat of white mao grass" may indicate that one is as a student receiving
instruction. Alternatively and/or additionally, it shows that one is (was, might, will, or should be) using
something that is of little to no value yet fully effective and appropriate, i.e. the mao grass, to protect
ones body and/or way of moving. In other words: one is (or should be) using something simple to
protect the body (and/or spirit) when sitting down (gathering strength, and/or receiving instruction)
and/or finding support (on the floor, at the beginning).
The occurrence of this line may (also) indicate a small delay, introduced as a precautionary measure.
Either it is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring by being imposed on one, or it is (or should be)
introduced by oneself.
The safety precaution may also appear in other forms, as symbolized by the wood (the wind, the
softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system,

banners, the experience), the lower trigram of which this is the 1st line.
Since the image of using a mat of white mao grass is associated with receiving instruction, this line
may indicate that what is at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, or will be) beholding
(offering) a form of instruction (about whatever field or matter that is relevant here), which should be
received with a certain care for ones own well-being and stability (strength). Converseley, if one is not
careful enough, and/or doesn't respect certain minimal safety precautions, one's stability and/or well-
being will suffer. This may also means that one has to be willing to receive instruction, learn (which
will serve as a "safety-precaution"), and progress (advance).
This is the 1st line of the lower trigram, the wood. It is a yin line in a yang position, which means what
is light might be confronted by an excess of darkness and/or weakness. As the wood symbolizes soft
penetration and/or spreading, it may be necessary here to be firm and gather strength, so that one
will receive the instruction (experience) offered, and/or so that the instruction (experience) one is (has
been, might, or will be) receiving will be given (transmitted, "spread") to others.
Gathered sources: This line holds the advice to be extremely cautious. Under the occurring
circumstances, either one is (was, or will be) already doing so, or one is having an opportunity to do
so (i.e. being made aware of the necessity to do so).
When a man wishes to undertake an enterprise in extraordinary times, he must be extraordinarily

cautious, just as when setting a heavy thing down on the floor, one takes care to put rushes under it,
so that nothing will break. This caution, though it may seem exaggerated, is not a mistake.
Exceptional enterprises cannot succeed unless utmost caution is observed in their beginnings and in
the laying of their foundations.
One places mats (like those made) of (the) white (mao) grass under those (or things) sitting (set,
lying, or put) on the ground": one feels ones weakness (fragility, lack of experience or knowledge),
and ones being in the lowest place, and uses extraordinary care.
Thus, this line may hold the advice to reinforce, protect, or cushion what one is (was, might, or will be)
doing. One must stay aware that one has to remain vigilantly careful, especially when at the
beginning (of the day, an endeavor, or other context).
Likewise, this (what occurs) may be like (the) one who achieves appropriate humbleness (restraint of
excessive behavior), in a situation (as) where one is not (like) the master (but more like a pupil, a
seeker, and/or an observer), as one who sits in readiness and contemplation on his "white matt" (like
made of mao grass), and/or protecting the lower side of ones body. What matters is not that the mat
is made from (mao) grass, or that it is white, but the (occurring, or resulting) height of skill, control,
restraint, care and appropriateness that goes with it.
See also Ta Chuan, section I, chapter VIII, par. 7:
"The first six shows its subject placing mats of the white mao grass beneath what he puts on the
ground".
The master said: "To place the things on the ground might be considered sufficient, but when one
places beneath them mats of the white grass, what occasion for blame can there be? Such a course
shows the height of carefulness. The white grass is insignificant, but by the use made of it, it may
become important. One who goes forward using such careful art, will not fall into any error".
~ Profile
Strong and courageous individuals are depicted, who use deep sincerity and exceptional care in all
they do. They are very meticulous. They should be differentiated from those persons who are small-
minded and who devote their time to details out of fear.

Those with this controlling line are very considerate to everybody and everything, and give forth
loving care as if all these were their own cherished possessions. These individuals can be found in
nearly all walks of life.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of impeccable character and behavior, highly
respected and widely known. He will treat everyone as a worthwhile person, and be exceptionally
careful and considerate to his subordinates. He will have a favorable life, with many joys, good
fortune and wealth.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be content with his lot, neither envious nor greedy. He
may choose to live in seclusion, and he will make no major errors.
At the start of anything us extraordinary care.
Extraordinary care must be exercised at the beginning of any enterprise so that no errors are made.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) exceeding Greatness (Great excess,
breaking through, inner preponderance, supremacy, and/or dominance) (as) in (for, at, with)
the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Exceeding Greatness (Great excess, breaking through, inner preponderance, supremacy,

and/or dominance) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or
at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the orders
being given by the regional chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King (ruler, ruling
consensus).
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a withered (old) willow tree growing new
(young) shoots;
(Or) like an old(er) (fertile) man who is (was, might, will, or should be) taking a young (fertile,
and/or new) wife.
Everything furthers; There is (was, might, or will be) advantage."
JLK: Even when things seem dead and hopeless, they can still give birth to new life.
This line may hold the advice that an older man marrying a younger woman is the way to balance and
fertility, while the reverse is that of lack of balance and infertility. Also see the commentary of line 5,
about the reverse situation.
If the matter at hand concerns an older woman (and/or an old "withered" situation, and/or set of
circumstances), this line may suggest that new life is possible, if one chooses a path that is balanced
and right. In that case, one should look for new possibilities and new ways to express oneself.

If the matter at hand concerns dealing with (or nourishing) (what is like) a servant (a concubine, a
cow, or cattle), this line advises to replace what is old with what is new, energetic, and sincere (or
more so).
It may indicate that an old idea ("formula", method, knowledge, experience) is applied (used) in new
ways (forms, shapes).
General comment
With the strong preponderance of Yang lines in the middle, line 2 cannot join its normal correlate, line
5, and hence chooses line 1. Line 5, for the same reason, chooses line 6 for its partner, hence here it
is an older man choosing a young wife, while in the upper case it is an older woman taking a younger
man for a husband. Exceptional strength and vigor are thus coupled here with the wisdom of age.
Despite the unusualness of this it is a productive union. Many blessings accrue from the fortuitous
combination of the characteristics of a wise old man and the dynamic vitality of a young girl.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a person who knows what he wants, and who goes
after it correctly and diligently. He will fight for what is right and for his possessions, even if he must
do so independently. He has a commendable and respectable character, and will gradually abandon
waywardness for Dao. He will have a fortuitous life, with meritable achievements.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have many hardships early in life, but will be moderately
prosperous, and somewhat influential locally, in his senior years.
Join with persons of lesser status for greater cooperation.
Success will be achieved best if one joins with persons of lesser rank or status.
breaking through, inner preponderance, supremacy, and/or dominance) (as) in (at, for, with)
The ridgepole sags dangerously.
If one lets things go too far, there will be misfortune."
JLK: The image of this line shows (what is like) a ridgepole that sags (bending downwards)
dangerously, to the point of breaking. Still, nothing is said about the ridgepole actually breaking,
merely that the danger is great that it will. If one lets it break, then there will be misfortune. If not, then

there will be no (major) problem.
It may indicate that the burden laid on one is too high to be considered safe and "healthy". It may
mean that one has to release pressure, and/or that one has to reassess the situation, carefully
(and/or methodically) contemplating what one is dealing with, and adapt accordingly.
Additionally, this line may indicate that to reassess things, one may have to "step outside", and/or
think "out of the box", one may have overlooked something which is the reason why (what is like) the
ridgepole sags so dangerously.
The nature of the problem is further described in line 3 of hex. 57, the Wood/Wind. It has to do with
the fact that one (who is at the center of the matter) is (as) penetrating (acting, moving, organizing,
and/or doing the divination) only by violent and repeated efforts. One is subduing oneself repeatedly,
and in a violent way, to what is yin (female, receptive, open, small, weak, and/or evil), while the times
call for what is yang (male, creative, great, and strong). It is the way to humiliation and regret."
Thus, this line warns that the situation is dangerous, but things are still holding. Nevertheless, if one
let things go on, subduing to what is small instead of being strong (oneself), they will not hold, and
then there will be misfortune. In that case, if this is the only strong line, one obtains hex. 47, the
Exhaustion, with line 3, which shows that one will be overwhelmed by a "heavy weight", and will have
failed to notice (who is as, or that which is as) "ones wife" (ones intimate partner and/or associate).
Gathered sources: Too much of anything is dangerous. One should follow the golden mean. Let not
go to extremes.
JLK: This line in the 3rd position may point to problems in (and/or related to) the hips and/or lower
back, as when having exercised too much (and/or inapropriate) force on these members.
~ Profile
Those depicted here are not judicious, and do not know when to stop nor when to seek the support of
others. Their actions in general are rash, willful, self-centered and, above all, excessive. They are
reluctant to delegate authority and responsibility to others. As a result of their traits their friends and
their accomplishments are few.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a brave, ambitious and impetuous person, anxious to
help people, and his country, but too tough and fierce to be truly effective. His results, in most cases,
will be negative rather than positive.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He has little or no judgment or common sense. He is very
violent and fierce, and disasters follow in his wake.
Carelessness results in misfortune.
If the extraordinary situation is not handled correctly misfortune will result.

4
breaking through, inner preponderance, supremacy, and/or dominance) (as) in (for) the heart
Exceeding Greatness (Great excess, breaking through, inner preponderance, supremacy,

and/or dominance) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the
way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant, the
one who is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or reliability).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like a ridgepole curving upwards.
The ridgepole is (was, might, will, or should be) holding (capable of withstanding what
occurs).
This is (was, might, or will be) significant.

There will be good fortune!
If things were not so, one could be blamed for this.

If one should look for help elsewhere, in inferior ways, and/or if there are hidden motives,
there will be cause for regret."
The "good fortune connected with the ridgepole curving upwards", arises from the circumstance that it
does not bend to what is below.
Here, "good fortune" means that the misfortune (peril, danger, or difficulties) that was (were, or could
be) otherwise expected is (was, might, or will be) not coming (not occurring, and/or not to be
experienced).
"If one should look for help elsewhere": if independence, yet with commitment, is not exercised, this
may result in humiliation."
In relational matters this may point to a situation where through friendly relations with people of lower
rank (or with those who are female, small, unclear, dark), a responsible man succeeds in becoming
master of the situation.
But if, instead of working for the rescue (salvation, or benefit) of the whole (the others, the "general
good", or "general interest") he were to misuse his connections to obtain personal power and
success, it would lead to humiliation.
The image that is attached to the Chinese ideogram "lung" that is used to indicate the ridgepole,
shows "crowning" things, placed above all others, at the peak, high, surpassing, as well as strong.
The commentary stresses the significance of this being the case.
The warning attached to this is that if what is as a "ridgepole" (that which is at the center of ones
inquiry) is (was, might, or will be) hanging loose, "disconnected", unsolidary or weak, and/or if things
are carried excessively far, this will bring shame and unexpected disaster. On the other hand, if it is
being independent, yet committed, solidary and strong, keeping things within safe bounds, this brings
good fortune.
Thus, under the occurring circumstances, conditions are innately good and (what is as) the ridgepole
is (was, might, or will be) strong. However, one must remain vigilant such as not to let things evolve
into a state of excess.
This line may (also) hold the advice that with appropriate reinforcement and/or strengthening one will

overcome and/or avoid vulnerability. Yet it is of major importance to be (and remain) generous and
unselfish (and/or not greedy).
The image that is attached to the ideogram "chi" which is used to indicate the "significance" of what
occurs, is that of a scholar (i.e. a student and/or learned person) and a mouth, which is also
associated to the wise words (and/or expressions) of a sage.
The overall resulting image is that of someone (or something) being strong, committed, high, learned
(thoroughly studied) and sage (generous and balanced), and how this "crowns" things.
~ Profile
The arching of metal or glass structures makes them able to uphold more weight or withstand more
pressure than they could otherwise. Therefore these are individuals who have found that little
something extra which makes for true greatness. Their knowledge, wisdom, habits, actions, thoughts,
and conversation are all superior. It is divine will that if one has gifts and talents one should use them
to help nourish and sustain others. If this is not done, humiliations will result.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be greatly talented, wise, valiant, farsighted and energetic.
He will be a pillar of the nation, accomplishing many things of great merit, and will be respected both
nationally and internationally. He will have a good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a similar life to the most auspicious, but not to such
a high degree. He will be quite valuable wherever he is assigned or finds himself, and his work and
household will flourish.
Talent plus inspiration makes for superiority.
You now know the right way to deal with the situation and good fortune will result.

5
breaking through, inner preponderance, supremacy, and/or dominance) (as) in (for, with) the

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a withered willow tree producing flowers;
(Or) like an old(er) (infertile) wife in possession of her young (fertile) husband.
JLK: What occurs will not hold very long (and/or will not be strong).
There will be occasion neither for blame nor for praise."
JLK: The association occurring here is (was, might, or will be) not fertile, and/or can't hold for a very
long time (although it can hold for some time), and/or will not be (genuinely) strong (right, creative).
It's tolerable since it's not wrong (evil), but can't lead to (more, and/or genuine) respect or praise.
Thus, this line may hold the warning not to try gaining advantage through inappropriate (albeit not
wrong) means and/or associations.
In difference to line 2 where the image shows a withered willow producing new shoots, here the
willow is producing flowers. The difference indicates that the situation of line 2 bears new life, while
here the flowers that are produced will only hold one season (a limited and relatively short time).
This is a strong yang line in the place of the ruler (the 5th position), so what occurs (the matter at
hand) should show strength, but its strength is broken due to the general deterioration that occurs,
which is further described in the 5th line of hex. 58, Oceans Exchanging (the Joy and Sadness,
Wealth). One should let things deteriorate "gracefully", and not build something new with (on) them.
Conversely and/or alternatively, this line may call one to avoid investing oneself in relationships
and/or activities (projects), and/or doing things in a way that will be short-lived (and/or that will not be
strong), even if in itself it would not be wrong.
It may hold the advice to avoid a situation where (things are like when) a young man spends his
energy (fertility, resources, wealth) on an older woman (what is weak, passive, receptive) who will be
fertile in a limited way or for a limited time, or who is unfertile.
In a general way it could advice not to give ones energy to infertile situations (positions), and/or to
situations (positions) that are not long-enduring, and/or are certain to be unstable. In that case one
should look for alternative solutions that are more in accord with ones nature and/or position.
Gathered sources: "A withered willow produces flowers": but how can this secure its long
continuance?
"An old wife and a young husband": this also is something to be ashamed of.
A withered willow that produces flowers exhausts its energies and thereby only hastens its end. An
older woman may marry once more, but no renewal takes place. Everything remains barren.

Thus, though all amenities are observed, the net result is only the anomaly of the situation.
Applied to politics and business, the metaphor means that if in times of insecurity one gives up
alliance with those below one (and/or those who have little or nothing useful to offer one) and keep up
only the relationships one has with people of higher rank (and/or those who have something useful to
offer one), an unstable situation is (or has been) created.
JLK: The reason for this (preceding paragraph) is because it is the purpose (nature) of a man to
create (give), not (merely) receive (experience). Additionally, it is the purpose (nature) of a woman to
receive (experience) when she is fertile, and not (merely, or inappropriately) once her fertility is gone
(spoiled, and/or ill-matched).
~ Profile
The symbolism of this line stems from the correlation with line 6 (see the commentary under line 2).
Basically, it says that individuals who wait too long in life to try and accomplish something worthwhile,
when they finally convince themselves that they are ready find that the persons then willing to join
them are of the wrong kind, so that nothing fruitful results. Such people are not to be blamed for their
late effort, but when nothing truly worthwhile is accomplished they can not be praised either. Such
persons demonstrate dual characteristics throughout their lives, until they eventually reach a firm
decision. Subsequently, they are no longer flexible.
Most auspicious (in the best case): Will be vacillating early in life, and later extremely unyielding. He
will enjoy the association of strong but mean people, but with a good possibility of changing in this
regard later in life. While he will have adequate food and shelter he will not accomplish anything
worthwhile, and hence have no fame. His actions will not be subject to blame either.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is likely to have an older, shrewish, vigorous wife, or be
subject to a domineering mother. What ability and talents he will have will be ordinary, and his life will
be difficult.
Sometimes waiting too long can be disastrous.
Using ancient or outmoded methods will not be productive, even though nothing wrong or unjust is
done.

6
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) exceeding Greatness (Great excess,
breaking through, inner preponderance, supremacy, and/or dominance) in (for, with) the head
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) wading through a stream (or acting)
with (extraordinary) boldness;
One is (was, might, will, or should be) so bold as to let the water hide the crown of ones head
(till the water rises over the top of ones head).
In that case there is (was, might, or will be) misfortune, which might result in evil, but there is
(was, might, will, or should be) no ground for personal blame; No guilt."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances "wading through a stream (or acting) with boldness"
(possibly with "extraordinary" boldness, with the risk of being "excessive") is (was, might, or will be)
bringing misfortune, but there is no blame. This implies that dealing with the circumstances in
particularly circumspect and cautious ways will help to remedy the matter (and/or situation) at hand.
It may be that one has to act with a certain boldness, and it might have to be with "extraordinary"
boldness, yet one must avoid the risk of being "excessively" bold, i.e. to a point of no return.
This means that essentially, there is (was, might, or will be) no error, however, one has to carefully
consider if what one is considering (ones goal, endeavor, objective), and/or the way to do things, is
worth the sacrifice (effort, action) one is (was, might, or will be) ready to do. There might be an
alternative, and/or a way to limit negative consequences (and/or implications), and/or one may have
to be more cautious and less bold.
There may be no error in "wading through water until ones head is immersed", as it might be
necessary and the only way out of an extremely difficult (dangerous, lively, and/or incalculable)
situation, where one is literally inundated by the difficulties. But maybe it's more appropriate (and still
possible) to use a boat (to get to the other side, and/or to realize ones goal). In other words, there
may be an alternative that gives results that are better (more just, equitable, fair, safe, and/or
comfortable).
Conversely, this line may indicate one should question if one (and/or what occurs) is (was, might, will,
or should be) (as) "wading through a stream (or acting) with boldness", and/or if this should really be
necessary (required).
Thus, depending on the context and the options one still has left, a useful advice for the situation at
hand may be not to take the shortest (most direct, fastest) route, but instead to explore another
itinerary, an alternative path, a detour, so that one avoids having to wade through the "stream". It
might offer the possibility to see (and/or explore) more of the country where one lives (ones kingdom,
and/or ones body, physically and/or spiritually). Avoiding unnecessary difficulties (danger,
incalculableness) is (was, might, or will be) leading to (more) peace.
This is the top line of the upper trigram, the ocean. The nature of the difficulties occurring here are
further described by hex. 58, Oceans Exchanging (the Joy and Sadness, Wealth), which shows one
who is dealing with pleasure (exchange, wealth) of inferior quality, which has its place in some cases,
but which is not (necessarily) of the type suitable for those who are superior, and/or which here may
not occur at the right time.

Gathered sources: Misfortune which might result in evil, follows on (what is as) wading with boldness
through a stream: but the act as such gives no ground for blame.
This indicates misfortune for which one can not in any way be held responsible for. Thus, there is (or
should be) no blame, and no guilt.
Here is a situation in which the unusual has reached its climax. One is courageous and wishes to
accomplish ones task, no matter what happens. This leads into danger. The water rises over ones
head. This is the misfortune. But one incurs no blame in giving up ones life (or safety) that the good
and the right may prevail. There are things that are more important than life.
~ Profile
In life there are circumstances that demand great effort, courage and self-sacrifice from a limited few.
These persons are adventurers and explorers, scientists, engineers, astronauts, etc... They will have
much in common with the early American pioneers. In combat, they are the leaders of advance units.
They are the masterminds and executors of worthwhile movements, and their sacrifices pave the way
for the less courageous.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have great strength, talent, and courage. He will be in high
positions and face serious dangers, and he will be righteous and selfless. He may die for his cause
and have his name recorded in history.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be ambitious and will strive with high intentions, but he
will be limited in talent and tend to be reckless and to act without due consideration, which will result
in troubles and disasters.
Pursue only worthy goals.
Striving for success when one is inadequately prepared to master the situation leads to failure, but
one should not be condemned for the attempt. If adequately prepared, be adventurous and willing to
take the consequences. [JLK: Choosing what seems to be the shortest route, might not bring the
results one would hope for, in the best possible way].

Hexagram 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness)
- Kan (K'an)
The theme of this hexagram is incalculably vast: life, as in 'liveliness', peril, the danger (like with an
abyss or pit in which one may fall and/or get stuck), the difficulties, the incalculable (unpredictable),
the originality (unique creativity), as well as the memory (history) these show (contain) and/or leave
behind, and the way they influence what is occurring or what is lying ahead. It's about that which, like
water, can take any direction, move any way, and therefore can be incalculable, unpredictable,
difficult, and/or dangerous.
Yet, on the other hand, it's water that occurs in all that is alive on this earth, and none can do without
it. Likewise, danger, just as much as what one remembers, is used to protect one's "kingdom", one's
being and possessions.
The Image says:
"the water; the river; the stream; peril; the difficulties; the danger; the incalculable;
that which is considered beyond the possible; what is lively and incalculable like water;
liveliness; what is nourishing, the original (and incalculable);
the memory of life; the river of memories (history); the memories; the traces;
the incalculable repeated; the repeated but yet unrecognized or uncontrolled danger;
the pit; the repeating pit; the abyss; multiple abysses:
The water (the incalculable, liveliness) within the water (the incalculable, liveliness).
The water that is flowing endlessly, incalculably.
Ever-flowing, never changing, and always changed.
This is the image of the water (the incalculable, that which is Ultimate, dangerous, lively, and
unknown) flowing through the abyss.
Abyss after abyss.
JLK: Traces after traces. Memory unto memory.
One can fall into an abyss, as into a pit, or one can put it to good use (if one knows how).
Traces can entrap or warn one.
Memories can cause or avoid difficulties.
The Dao De Jing: Nothing in the world is softer or weaker than water.
Yet nothing is better at overcoming the hard and strong.
JLK: Water recycles ('reincarnates') itself in incalculable ways.

Water communicates in incalculable ways.
Water has an incalculable destiny, and manifests ('expresses') itself in incalculable ways.
Water (the incalculable, liveliness) has, receives, and/or transmits (projects, imprints) a
memory (a record, an imprint, an emotion, a resonance, and/or a vibration);
Like the waterbed (and/or abyss) that it follows, creates (manifests), and/or leaves behind
itself.

The water of the river is (was, might, will, or should be) following the path determined by the
circumstances that brought it forth (and/or into existence), and/or that is in accordance with
its nature and tendencies.
If the water is well taken care of, it nourishes (heals, and/or tastes) well.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) 'going with the flow', and/or is learning
from (and/or is remembering) its direction(s), as well as what is (was, might, will, or should be)
reliable (what one can trust) about it, and what not;
Thus he is (was, might, will, or should be) avoiding errors and the misfortune (evil) these can
cause, and will instruct (teach) about these to those who can receive in a sympathetic way.
The Great Man will act in accordance with the virtues as they are known and defined, with
consideration of the incalculable and Ultimate, and in accordance with the circumstances.
He will invest a lot of his time leading and giving instruction(s) to others.
JLK: The Great Man will act in accordance with what is (was, might, will, or should be)
remembered (reliably);
He will take the virtues as they are known and/or found in himself (in his own heart) into
consideration and will respect (obey) them, because he knows they are the fruits of many
generations of accumulated (acquired) experience (knowledge, memory), emotions
(vibrations), and dealing with what is incalculable, still holding in mind that at any time errors
can slip in (and cause failure) for certain practices (and/or ways of doing things)."
JLK: Hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness), shows water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger,
the incalculable, the memory) upon water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the
memory). This shows its endlessness and incalculableness.
Water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) nourishes, but it also takes
nourishment. All that surrounds water sooner or later will occur in (or be closely related to) a context
of nourishment, and/or the way of nourishing, as described by its inner hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing
(the Nourishment, the Jaws).
The time and/or circumstances of the water, is one of being in the middle of a stream ("things", action,
liveliness, the incalculable, danger, difficulties), and/or dealing with such a stream. Hex. 30 allows for
(dealing with) understanding things, while hex. 29 is a time of dealing with (experiencing through
being immersed in, and/or staying on top of) things.
The inverse of hex. 29 is occurring in hex. 30, the Fire (the Illuminating, That Which Sticks And
Exhausts), where one is (was, might, will, or should be) clarifying things, shining and/or experiencing
brightness (clarity, intelligence), consuming (exhausting) or giving (manifesting) "energy" (warmth).
Hex. 29 is a time of (dealing with) experiencing things, while hex. 30 is a time of (dealing with)
understanding things.
Water is found in all that is alive. Water has the ability to sculpt the path it will follow. An abyss and the
danger it can represent are the visible results of the water's ability to create its own path. Similarly, the
difficulties of life are the visible (observable) results of life (liveliness). They have the capacity to be
experienced as "evil" (sickening), or on the contrary as "blessings" (healing), depending on the
context and the way things (experiences) are received (lived).
As long as one is in control of things, one can set the path one wishes to follow. However, if one
doesn't respect the fundamental truths of life and its incalculableness (its dangers, as well as its
nourishing and/or healing qualities), and/or if one doesn't live in accordance with these, the path will
be destroyed (blocked, broken, wasted, and/or dissipated) at some point (in the end).
Therefore, the superior one will act in accordance with what is (was, might, will, or should be)
remembered (reliably).

The repetition of the water trigram, symbolizing the re-occurrence of water (liveliness, difficulties, the
danger, the incalculable, the memory) shows how one learns from certain things repeating over and
over again. Only a lesson that gets repeated, will result in a lesson learned. But in this also lies the
danger of taking and repeating the wrong lesson, which then results in errors that can hold for many
generations. Someone who learns that there are times one should defend oneself (by being
dangerous, or incalculable), learned a good lesson. But someone who learns that life is only (mainly)
about fighting, learned the wrong lesson.
The lower inner trigram, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), and the upper inner
trigram, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information), show how their principles are at work in this hexagram. They show resp. the properties
of causality (arousal, awakening, shock, i.e. the consequences of a series of events, and otherwise
that of immobilization (rest, things being stacking up and growing tough).
Thus, the repetition of doing things a certain way can result in practices that are either good, or
flawed, that will lead to what's either good, or bad. This hexagram may hold the advice to scrutinize
what one practices and/or remembers, and re-evaluate and/or reform them if deemed necessary.
When people or animals keep repeating something over and over again, this (generally) results in a
"trance" from which it can be extremely difficult to break free. If what is repeated this way is good,
then the result can be a heightened state of awareness or other positive gain. But the results can be
disastrous, if what is repeated in such a way is bad, flawed, and/or erroneous.
Repeating something over and over again tends to exclude the occurrence (and experiencing) of
good (healthy) alternatives, can result in flawed behavior (stupidity), folly, and/or frustration, and is a
tell-tale sign of such folly and/or stupidity, or an early indication that such will occur at some point in
time, in some way or fashion.
Likewise, there's nothing as devastating for an intelligent and creative (active) spirit, then to be forced
to listen to (or produce) music (and/or do any activity) that is extremely repetitive and monotonous,
and which offers little to no variation or new ingredients (imagination) to attract ones curiosity and/or
interest. It can lead to psychological trauma (as demonstrated by the use of music for the purpose of
torture), stupidity, or complete disengagement (loss of liveliness).
Someone who endeavors to become strong, athletic and muscular, will have to repeat certain
exercises and routines over and over again, which is right, good and appropriate. But in order to
obtain results that are really outstanding, one should regularly vary the exercises, program, and
protocol, in a way that is intelligent and well-designed (based on memory of what has proven to
work).
Thus, this hexagram may warn against doing the same thing(s) over and over again, without
variation, and without critical re-evaluation and/or reform, as this in itself will lead to difficulties (and
entrapment).
The fact that this hexagram shows water upon water, and/or water within water, also shows how
through studying the smallest occurrence that can be found (experienced, observed), one learns
about the whole (the path, the way). Similarly one can know what is true, and/or what will be, by
studying the signs (omens) that are indicative of it.
This holds the idea of things being embedded ("nested", and/or born) in one another, and/or the
fractal reality of the Universe. Similarly, genuine goodness will give birth to goodness and ultimately
success, even though one may not be aware of it or know when (or how) it will occur, while evil will
bring forth more evil and failure, albeit not necessarily in a way one can see or understand (observe),
or when one expects it.
Water that is clean and/or managed correctly will nourish, provide, and/or purify (heal things), just as
memories that are correct and truthful will help one find the right ways and avoid difficulties (danger,
peril). On the other hand water that is dirty and/or managed incorrectly, will poison things, destroy

(take away), and/or pollute (sicken things), just as incorrect memories and/or untruthful ones will lead
one into ways that are wrong (evil), and/or make one move towards, and/or attract difficulties (danger,
peril).
The superior one will learn from the difficulties he encounters (repeatedly), and thus will find a way to
heal things, and be successful in his endeavors.
Gathered sources:
From the Dao De Jing:
The highest goodness resembles water.

Water greatly benefits myriad things without contention.
It stays in places that people dislike.
Therefore it is similar to the Dao.
Nothing in the world is softer or weaker than water.

Yet nothing is better at overcoming the hard and strong.
The great Dao is like a flood.

It can flow to the left or to the right.
The myriad things depend on it for life, but it never stops.
It achieves its work, but does not take credit.
It clothes and feeds myriad things, but does not rule over them.
The trigram Kan (the lower three lines of the hexagram, and repeated in the upper three lines), the
water, (also) stands for "plunging in": a (strong) yang line has "plunged in" between two (weak) yin
lines, and is closed in by them like the water in a ravine (abyss, canyon, or pit).
It's like the image of an abyss (the two yin lines) through which the water (the yang line) is flowing
without interruption, though it is entrapped, confined, or following a certain (although still relatively
incalculable) direction.
Therefore, this depicts a certain type of entrapment, or the encountering of obstruction, with the risk
of being trapped, drained, "fed" or given away, as by "a stream, or chain of incalculableness" (as it is
also further specified and depicted by the inner hexagram: hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the
Nourishment, the Jaws).
Thus, it can point to (or indicate) somebody, or something living in (or occurring in) a dangerous,
(excessively) lively, or (excessively) incalculable way, with the result of provoking a crisis situation,
allowing for (more of) the incalculable to occur, and to be directing (ruling, and determining) ones
energies. This can happen, due to one having the urge to give a meaning (significance, or certain
condition) to life (the incalculable).
There is continuously danger (peril, difficulty, liveliness, or incalculableness), in incalculable and

unimaginable ways. Thus, in accordance with this, one has to adapt in many, incalculable, (though)
fluid and intuitive ways.
The danger (the liveliness, and/or incalculableness) can bring the hurt as well as the blessing. If dealt
with correctly, it can give progress and growth.
JLK: Water has a memory. It is manifested in a property of water that is called "sympathetic
resonance". Likewise, life (liveliness) "has" a memory, and/or will leave an impression, and/or
vibration, a sympathetic resonance, i.e. a memory.
The idea of "sympathetic resonance" is also expressed in line 5 of hex. 1, the Light (the Creative, the

Active), which shows how the creative gives a certain spirit (consciousness) to things. In hex. 29, the
"sympathetic resonance" is expressed in the path things will follow, the way things will "live" (and/or
move), and/or in what will be remembered (what will remain).
How can one prepare against incalculable danger(s) and difficulties? By making sure that - like the
water of a river - all ones actions and that of others move in the same direction, and/or within the
same limits (and/or possibilities). This will allow one to know where things are headed, and what can
be expected (to the extent of how well everyone and everything moves together, and/or can be
directed). On a personal level this means one has to act in a way that is fully coherent and truthful,
with/towards oneself as well as with/towards God, the Universe, the others.
This also means that if one is acting and living in a way that is perfectly coherent with the Creator, the
Universe, and "the others", one need not have to control all (by) oneself (one need not personally
make certain that every drop of the river flows where it should). One will naturally follow the path that
is safe, right, and accessible, and the river will follow the path determined by the circumstances that
brought it into existence, even if some drops will fall outside of the riverbed. With that, one may
actually achieve having the power to direct a stream of water (danger, the incalculable) where one
wishes it to go - within certain limits, as here one is dealing with the incalculable (the Ultimate,
infinity).
Contrary to those who are superior (great, strong, good), those who are inferior (small, weak, evil)
have (almost) no consideration for the virtues as they are known, and/or found in oneself and ones
own heart, and don't respect them (sufficiently). They have no (genuine, righteous) sincerity in their
hearts, and are bound to be tossed around helplessly, with no way to determine their own direction,
like a piece of wrecked wood in a raging river, hitting any obstacle in its path, with painful (destructive)
results for itself and the objects being hit.
Consequently, for the matter at hand one has to ask the question if what occurs is bringing about the
right kind of coherence (and harmony), or on the contrary, is leading away from it. Beware of
deception (and/or errors)!
In dealing with water, one may have to "ride" (navigate, or cross) the river (the great stream, the
Universe, the incalculable) as on a "boat", skiff, canoo, "tree-trunk", or any other floating material (or
bridging structure), such as to be able to move independently (within known parameters, limits), or
alternatively. It will be advantageous to have such available. If one can ride the multiple stream(s) of
danger (the incalculable) while remaining in the Dao, then this is the supreme and Ultimate way. This
is the idea behind "going with the flow": one is going from one things into another, in a natural and
effortless manner, following the path that is gradually revealed ahead.
Water is endless in its nourishing qualities, and gently adapts to any circumstance. It can be
nourishing and pleasant like the water of a clean brook, or it can be ravaging all on its course, like a
huge river breaking through a dam, or like water that is poluted to the point of having lost all its
nourishing qualities and/or that is poisoning all that it comes in contact with.
There is an anomaly specific to water: the more water there is, the faster it moves. This is contrary to
any other other element (molecule) which will move slower when there is an accumulation of it.
Likewise, the more difficulties there are, the faster difficulties accumulate, and the more difficult things
get.
Another essential property of water and most other liquids, is its capacity to dilute whatever it has an
impact (influence, or "grip") on, which is almost anything. Thus, if the water can symbolize what is
remembered, it can also symbolize the dilution of such memories, until little to nothing remains of it.
Water, its incalculableness, liveliness, difficulties, and memory, can be viewed as closely related the
Buddhist concept of "Samsara", the journey of suffering (birth, death) and rebirth.
On earth, nothing could come alive without a drop of water.

The world above the water (above the surface), and the world in the water (below the surface), are
very different, and incompatible for most beings (in one way or another).
The Judgment says:
"Water, a river, a stream, peril, difficulties, danger, what is incalculable, that which is
considered beyond the possible, liveliness, what is lively and incalculable like water, what is
nourishing, the original (and incalculable), the memory of life, a river of memories (history),
memories, traces, what is incalculable repeated, a repeated but yet unrecognized or
uncontrolled danger, a pit, a repeatedly occurring pit, an abyss, multiple abysses:
The incalculable repeated; The lively, dangerous, and difficult, in repetition!

Abyss upon abyss; Pit after pit; Danger after danger; Difficulty after difficulty.
Difficulty upon difficulty: this leads to ultimately unknown and incalculable liveliness, upon
incalculable liveliness.
The sincerity makes the mind penetrate, and/or organize matters.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) connecting (associating) (through, in,
with) the heart. In that case, action (movement, endeavors) will have and hold honor and
honorable success.
Have confidence. If you have confidence, maintaining a sanguine attitude and a stable mind,
you'll have success in your heart. From this your actions will have success, and be of a high
value.
JLK: To swim with (and learn from) the current (the river of water), to cross it, or to be dragged
away by it: each have their own story (memory) and outcomes.
It is in the nature of a fish (a "water dragon") to be happy when in the middle of the river (the
water, the incalculable, the danger, the difficulties).
A salmon (a fish, a "water dragon") can even climb up a waterfall (or stream), as long as its
forces and agility are able to do it, and it is able to withstand or work around resisting forces;
On the other hand, the water of a waterfall has no other choice than to follow its course
towards the earth, until a dynamic (and/or transforming) force will bring it back up.
A strong fish always has a choice of direction, as long as it knows to move with the forces
(powers) at play (ruling the situation).
But if it moves itself into where there is no water (left), and/or where there's a bear (or other
incalculable difficulty) to catch it, it will not be able to continue without a an intervention (from
beyond, and/or outside forces) that will save it.
Even birds can swim, if the distance is right, and as long as they're in good condition;
Some can even catch fish while doing so.
It is good to analyze (learn from) how others (and/or things) are (were, might, will, or should
be) influencing one (how one is resonating with others, and/or things), and/or how one is (was,
might, will, or should be) influencing others (and/or things) (how others, and/or things, are
resonating with oneself).
Be remembered well (intact, righteously, lovingly, and/or with sincerity), and remember well.

The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) remembered well, and/or is (was, might,
will, or should be) remembering (knowing) in a way that is right (strong, creative, loving);
An inferior one can't realize (do, attain, achieve) that.
If the memory (knowledge, awareness) is wrong (inferior, small, weak, evil) and/or flawed
(and/or sabotaged), there is (was, might, will, or should be) misfortune (and/or sadness).
The repetition of (the re-occurrence of) water (danger, difficulties, liveliness, incalculableness)
allows one to learn (from it). But if one refuses to learn, one will suffer misfortune.
Water can heal, but if it is too polluted (foul, damaged) it can do more harm than good (what is
right, Great, strong, creative, loving)."
JLK: One (what occurs) is threatened by the incalculableness of what is occurring. By being sincere
in and through the heart one will uphold ones honor and find success in a way that is honorable.
Gathered sources: Water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) never
stops from its source to the sea. When it meets obstacles it pauses, builds up until it can go over or
around them, and then proceeds onward. Water is not strong, yet through continued application it can
wear down rocks and metal.
Similarly, even the strongest man can be worn down when confronted repeatedly with danger,
difficulties, incalculableness, or a certain kind of (incalculable) pressure.
On the other hand, just like water succeeds in reaching its goal drop after drop, a man can achieve
his goal(s) going forward step by step, yet ever remaining true to himself and his purpose.
The words "abyss upon abyss" refer to the appearance of the two trigrams, each having a deep
ravine between mounds of earth. Water flows through these ravines as well as overcoming
impediments in its path.
JLK: In an alchemical way, the water hexagram represents the ouroboros, the snake biting its own
tail.
Commentary
The ultimate force and ultimate benevolence is water. Water makes use of the benefits of others, but
never competes with them. Water benefits everything, including man. Everyone needs, drinks, and
even breathes water. Water is indispensable to all, yet it yields its shape to all. If it finds a mountain or
a rock in its way, it makes a turn, and will find a way around or below it. If it finds a pit in the road, it
will fill it up. Water follows a tide, never goes against it. This is an example to ones life and a good
attitude to take, called "reconciling" (adapting) oneself to one's situation.
Water is the softest material in the world, yet it can become the hardest. It is without form. It can flow
or crash. Water flows to avoid height, always to a lower point. Water avoids the strong point and hits
the weak.
Water is qi (chi) in motion.
~ Profile
Those depicted here should emulate water and be ever true to themselves in heart and mind, and
firm in their purposes. They should maintain sanguineness and keep their minds stable. By doing
these things they can attain success upon success, both small and great. Emulating water is a matter
of knowing how to use situations for protection as well as for advancement.

Great wisdom and advantageous progress go with those well versed in the laws of nature applicable
here.
Lines
"JLK: The danger (the difficulties, the incalculable, what is lively and incalculable like water,
what is nourishing, the memory, the unique and incalculable) is (was, might, will, or should be)
of doing things).
Abyss upon abyss; Pit after pit; Danger after danger; Difficulty after difficulty;
Memory after memory.
There is (was, might, or will be) repeatedly danger (difficulties, the incalculable, what is lively
and incalculable like water, what is nourishing, the memory, the original, unique and
incalculable).
In one abyss (memory, traces, difficulties) one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) falling
into a fissure (a hole);
In that case there will be misfortune.
JLK: If it is anticipated and avoided in time and appropriately, if one has a good view (on
things) and knows the terrain one ventures on, there will (should) be no problem."
JLK: There is (was, might, or will be) serious danger, such as when stepping (entering) and/or falling
into a fissure (a hole, or a cave). This is like when accidentally getting stuck into something.
The reason why one is at risk of getting stuck in such a way is due to walking (moving) in a way that
one used to do "at the beginning" (of what is at the center of the matter at hand), and/or when young
(early, and/or when having been in error). It could be an old issue, a habit (a way of doing things), a
passion and/or obsession, which under the circumstances should have served its time.
Alternatively, and/or additionally, the falling into a fissure can be a consequence of how one uses
ones "feet" (and/or the "workforce"), which here, under the occurring circumstances, is (was, might, or
will be) not right (i.e. erratic). One is (was, might, or will be) moving (and/or working) in a way that is
not right (appropriate) (any longer), and that one should have outgrown, and/or consequently one
should (still) grow out of.
If there is still time and a possibility (way) to avoid falling back in such old patterns and/or erratic way
of moving (advancing), if one has a good view (on things, and/or on where one walks) and knows the
terrain one ventures on (and/or understands what one is doing), and/or if there is a reasonable
predictability (probability) of what may occur and things (and movements) are under control, then
there is no problem.
If not, there will be misfortune.
To quote a gem of anonymous wisdom: when you're in a hole (or risk getting into one), stop digging.

~ Profile
Those depicted here have a similar character to that described in the commentary for the hexagram
as a whole, but regrettably they have some great weakness of character which drains their potential
or energy. 'A fissure' is indicative of such weakness, in that fissures let water flow off elsewhere or
become absorbed within the ground. This weakness could be gambling, alcohol, drugs, sex, a sport
or a pass-time, etc., which may not be wrong in other circumstances but becomes too important to
these persons, because of the extensive degree to which its effects are felt.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will recognize the deficiencies within himself, and will adjust to
them or compensate for them, so that even though he will have many difficulties his principal goals
will eventually be achieved.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be timid, injudicious, non-analytical and shy. Fortune will
not favor him, and he will find it difficult to make his own way.
Always be on the lookout for incorrect ideas.
You are muddled regarding some important matter. Re-evaluate the situation, and begin again later.

2
occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary,
The danger (the difficulties, the incalculable, what is lively and incalculable like water, what is
nourishing, the memory, the unique and incalculable) is (was, might, or will be) occurring
will be advantage.
The danger (difficulties, the incalculable, what is lively and incalculable like water, what is
nourishing, the memory, the original, unique and incalculable) is (was, might, or will be)
located (occurring, lying, or threatening) (as) in (or from) the middle (or the deeps) of the
abyss (the pit, canyon, stream, current, memory).
One is in the middle of the danger (difficulties, the incalculable, what is lively and incalculable
like water, what is nourishing, the memory, the original, unique and incalculable) resulting
from following (obeying); (But still,) the middle has not yet been passed.
Prayers only (by what they are meant to achieve) have little effect;
JLK: They only have results when they will (as) 'move the waters'.
Let one make an effort to understand how to resolve things (and/or how things resolve
themselves), and follow-up on it.
In the middle of the river (the water, the stream of difficulties, the danger), the impact of
collision with wreckage (burdens) from the past is felt (experienced) the most;
Let one not be touched by it.
Thus, the superior one must study (learn from, and/or about) the past (what is remembered,
known, and/or understood), and what is (was, might, will, or should be) its impact on the
present and on what lies ahead;
He must be aware that certain practices (and/or ways of doing things) can hold errors, due to
not questioning and/or not researching (verifying, confirming) them to a sufficient extent.
The superior one, even while being superior and having superior intentions, is (was, might, or
will be) at risk of being ignorant of certain things (of, or from the past) that are significant to
his purpose, and/or having to deal with those who are so. This means he is (was, might, or will
be) at risk of making a dangerous error, and/or of encountering unanticipated difficulties.
Until the errors and/or flaws are cleared up, and/or corrected, he must not venture any further
in the direction being considered.
One should strive to attain small things only."
JLK: One is (was, might, or will be) in the middle of the water (the river, the abyss). One is at risk of
having no idea of the dangers that lie ahead, since one has not yet ventured further than the middle
of the water (the river, the abyss).

Gathered sources: One should apply the advice from the image: the Great Man is he who acts in
accordance with what can be (reliably) remembered, and the virtues as they are known and defined,
with consideration of the incalculable and Ultimate, and in accordance with the circumstances.
Here, one is confronted by danger (difficulties, incalculableness) similar to that of the middle and/or
the deeps of a lively stream of water, i.e. the place where there is the most turbulence, and that risks
the most dragging along anyone and anything that will adventure into it. This is (was, might, or will
be) occurring because one is (was, might, or will be) following (someone and/or something).
Fortunately, the middle has not (yet) been passed, meaning that if one acts appropriately, one may be
able to turn back to the safety of the border-side. The way out of the risky situation is found by being
as thorough and as practical as possible, not thanks to merely a prayer for good form and/or the
occurring occasion.
The issue may be what it is that one chooses to put ones faith in, what it is that one chooses to
believe. This is why it says "prayers only have little effect": one must ask oneself if one is resorting to
the right solution or method to solve ones difficulties.
Presently, one is (was, might, or will be) only able to achieve success (or fulfillment) in matters of little
importance (as related to what is small, dark, female, open, unclear). But this (or the way this occurs)
may still be significant in order to achieve wholeness.
The occurrence of this line may hold the advice that when one is confronted by a (potentially)
dangerous (perilous, hazardous or difficult) situation, one should remain centered ("aware", vigilant,
balanced), or find the (right) way to be so. Only then may we venture unto something demanding.
Here, the dangers (perils, or difficulties) occur (as) in the middle of the abyss (canyon, pit, liveliness,
or stream).
One is in a situation of multi-faced (ambiguous) danger (peril, difficulty, or incalculable liveliness) as

occurring out of a "stream" of actions, such as the general past and history, or due to following, or
being part of following something.
This means also, that the situation is like that of being in a pit that is unknown, not clarified, or that
one has to deal with an unknown source, or incalculable threat, and that one should therefore be
exercising extreme caution.
What is unknown or incalculable possesses or implicates a certain ultimateness.
Do not be tempted to resist or to force things, even if in the mind (and conversely, one should not be
tempted to have certain things or ideas be forced on oneself by others). Use common sense. Guide
by what is just, right, ultimate and divine within, as well as outside, making sure that the same logic
and correctness will be found in the order and the line of one own actions or thoughts as well as in
everything else.
During this time, but this applies in a general way, prayers (or "efforts") have only effect if they are
done with supreme higher inner and outer spiritual awareness and concern, and with such strength
and passion, that they will literally and so to speak "move the waters" - even if only to create
wholesome transpiration, as when at work, when laboring, or when fulfilling a virtuous endeavor!
(Thus,) it does not mean (however) that one should entirely stop ones actions in order to be able to
devote oneself truly and fully to this (praying), as it is the sincerity that counts, before as well as after,
but it is ones action that will carry, and bring the (new) life, the blessings, or the danger(s).
Therefore, one obtains some of the deliverance one is seeking, but one will not yet escape from ones
(present) position or environment, as it is caused by (what is the) "following" (which denotes whatever
is appropriate within the context)..

Although here, one is (was, might, or will be) able to achieve success in matters of small (or little)
importance, which may still be significant, especially in order to achieve a certain "wholeness" (truth),
(still) under the occurring circumstances one is (was, might, or will be) in the abyss (while there
occurs the threat of danger, peril, and difficulties).
Therefore this is a time where one may have to be (limiting oneself to) "keeping the head above the
water", while not spending ones energy in excess on what is irrelevant to this; Being extremely
cautious, and apprehensive, such as not to be swept away by (or because of) the "following" (or ones
reaction to this).
When one is in danger (experiencing peril, difficulties, or incalculableness), one ought not to attempt
to get out of it immediately, regardless of the circumstances. At first one must (and may) content
oneself with not being overcome by it. One must (and may) calmly weigh the conditions of the time
and be satisfied with small gains, because for the time being, a Great success can not be attained
(achieved).
One may (was, will, or should) be like a spring flowing only sparingly at first, and tarrying for some
time before it makes its way into the open.
This line (and that which it represents) is strong (yang, Great, creative, active, light, straight, filling)
and at the center (of the lower trigram), and could therefore of its own nature accomplish something
Great. But it is still hemmed in (surrounded) by danger, that is why there is nothing to be done. And its
strength lies in the very fact that it does not seek the impossible, but knows how to adapt itself to
circumstances.
General comment
Here a great many divergent matters have to be taken care of along the way, so that forward progress
is but slight. The situation resembles an obstacle in the path of the Colorado River in the Grand
Canyon. As the water builds up it has to fill many side canyons before the level is high enough for the
water to advance again. Such obstacles are circumstances beyond one's control, but in man's
progress there are certain lessons he must learn, and perhaps even repeat, before he is duly
qualified to proceed further.
~ Profile
These persons are enjoined to be content with that which is available and attainable.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a person of strong character, persevering in his
purposes, and doing everything that is necessary to achieve them. He will be a leader in times of
grave necessity for the nation, and will have the wisdom with which to bring and keep peace among
the people.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is unable to do anything on a large scale. He is annoyed by
any multiple requirements placed on him, but can achieve some small (yet potentially still significant)
gains on a limited basis.
At most times it is best to proceed directly ahead.

There is danger on both sides. Proceed slowly ahead.
occurring (and/or required) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
will be) occurring.
Coming or going (going forward or backward):

Abyss upon abyss; Pit after pit; Danger after danger; Difficulty after difficulty;
Memory after memory.
There is (was, might, or will be) repeatedly danger (difficulties, the incalculable, what is lively
and incalculable like water, what is nourishing, the memory, the original, unique and
incalculable).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) entering (falling) into a pit in a pit (an abyss in the
abyss, a hole in a hole, a memory in a memory).
There is (was, might, or will be) no use (for what is occurring)

One should not act."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances there is (was, might, or will be) extreme danger (difficulties,
incalculable liveliness). One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like being trapped (bound) in a pit
(the abyss).
The original image shows a pit in a pit (an abyss in the abyss, a hole in a hole), and a stake, like
being bound at a stake in a pit (abyss). It's like a force sucking one into danger and darkness,
endlessly. The image of being bound at a stake may refer to being tortured (physically and/or
mentally). It may be that this applies to the one at the center of the matter at hand, and/or to those
(that which is) directly and/or indirectly impacted by it.
The difference between the image of this line and that of the 6th line of this hexagram is that in the
6th line the subject finds itself in a pit (the abyss) because of not finding the right way to do things,
and being subjected to (some form of) punishment and/or revenge (rightly, or wrongly). Here, it is as a
result of being trapped (in some way) and/or being captured (and/or tortured) due to the fact that
there is (was, might, or will be) no right way (solution, and/or escape), given the occurring context
and/or for the matter at hand.
Thus, even though one may still be able to advance (momentarily), and even if things may seem fine
(for a while), one is actually moving into a trap. The advice is therefore not to act (in the way being
considered for the matter at hand).
Since here, there is no right way to do things, one should not merely change ones way of doing
things, one must entirely change ones objective(s).

Gathered sources: With danger (difficulties, incalculable liveliness) like this, pause at first and wait,
otherwise you will fall into a pit in the abyss. Do not act in this way.
Here every step, forward or backward, leads into danger. Escape is out of the question. Therefore we
must not be misled into action, as a result of which we should only bog down deeper in the danger.
Disagreeable as it may be to remain in such a situation, we must wait until a way out shows itself. The
way out may be indicated by the 4th line.
General comment
When there is heavy rain, or snow melts in areas where there are no regular streams, the water first
tries to find its way out through one abyss after another, flowing back and forth, searching for right
way to advance. Here the rivulet reaches a pit and no advancement is possible. The best one can do
in such a circumstance is to remain true to oneself and not try to accomplish great things.
~ Profile
These persons are apart from the main stream of life, and have no fixed goals that they are capable
of attaining.
Most auspicious (in the best case): While not being able to assist, lead or guide others, he is able to
sustain himself and his family without serious troubles.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be very poor, with many hardships all his life. He will
have little or no ambition, yet be critical of others.
When in a quandary, do not advance.
Do not act. Any step taken, in any direction, will lead to difficulties.

4
occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom,
The danger (the difficulties, the incalculable, what is lively and incalculable like water, what is
nourishing, the memory, the unique and incalculable) is (was, might, will, or should be)
reliability).
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (like) a cup of wine, and a basket of rice.
These are (were, might, will, or should be) offered like (and/or with) earthenware (clay) bowls
(vessels) handed out to one through the window, to bind (engage) ones enlightenment
(brilliance, energy).
In the end, there is no error, no blame."
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like someone who gets handed out life-
sustaining resources (i.e. the wine and rice) (as) through a window, in order to bind (engage, hire)
ones "enlightenment" (brilliance, energy, and/or talents).
The fact that these (modest) resources are being handed out to one through a window (in, or with
what is like modest earthenware) suggests that one is experiencing a situation where ones freedom
and/or options are seriously limited, like that of a worker (and/or a slave) or a prisoner (captive) being
given to eat through a window. One is experiencing difficulties (danger, and/or incalculableness) - the
theme of this hexagram - while the help (fee, and/or compensation) that one receives is (was, might,
will, or should be) modest (limited), yet (relatively) sincere and adequate.
In the end, there is no error, as one can not be blamed in any way for accepting what is offered, since
ones survival may depend on it (in a direct way, or indirect way).
Nevertheless, if one still has better options than the one being considered at present, these might
offer a better path to get out of the difficulties (danger, incalculableness) that one is presently
experiencing.
Alternatively, the appearance of this line may concern a situation that is the reverse, where one finds
oneself offering help to someone who is in a difficult (dangerous, and/or incalculable) situation, in the
form of (what is like) food and earthenware (utensils) handed out through a window. The help is
(and/or should be) appropriate and sincere, but relatively modest, and is (and/or should be)
necessarily limited, with "no strings attached", as illustrated by the fact that one goes no further than
to offer it through (what is like) a window (an appropriate context that allows for light and/or
information to shine and/or come through).
The wine and rice being offered may be modest, yet they are entirely appropriate and acceptable
sacrificial offerings (when offered with sincerity). The fact that they are offered "through the window"
suggests that offering these can be done without having to engage entirely on "the other side", i.e. the
side of the one receiving. This may be necessary to avoid compromising oneself, or it may be an
unavoidable limitation due to the occurring circumstances.
Additionally, the image of this line may hold the advice that what one has to offer need not be
complicated, contrived, or extravagant, as long as it holds life-sustaining qualities, and is offered with

sincerity.
All in all, there is no error, and no blame, but one will have to assess if one is considering the best
solution for the matter at hand, it be for oneself or the other(s) receiving the help.
This fourth line occurs in a place that is at the limits of what is strong and what is weak, which
accounts for the ambiguity of the situation. This makes it likely that both interpretations given here
may occur at the same time, to some degree.
Gathered sources: In times of danger ceremonious forms are dropped. What matters most is
sincerity. Although as a rule it is customary for an official to present certain introductory gifts and
recommendations before he is appointed, here everything is simplified to the utmost. The gifts are
insignificant, there is no one to sponsor him, he introduces himself. Yet all this need not be humiliating
if only there is the honest intention of mutual help in danger.
Still another idea is suggested. The window is the place through which light enters the room. If in
difficult times we want to enlighten someone, we must begin with that which is in itself lucid and
proceed quite simply from that point on.
General comment
Remembering that this hexagram refers to an abyss, and that the fourth line is the position of the
minister, this pictures the minister living next to the King, perhaps in caves in the side of the abyss,
and the minister supplying emergency nourishment to the ruler through an opening between the two
dwellings, or vice versa.
~ Profile
These persons will be in high positions, aware of the needs of their families, their work, their rulers
and their nation, and will give support freely, generously, sincerely and honestly. They will do this
within due bounds and limits, such that no obligations accrue. They will not seek any gain from their
support.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be quite wise, with his advice sought and accepted. This
advice can be used to advantage, nationally and internationally. He will be modest, honest and
sincere, and will not seek luxury or fame, but he may obtain both.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will find everything easy to accomplish, but will have
insufficient wisdom for great things, and his will, will fluctuate. Hence he will have easy gains and
easy losses, some good fortune and some bad luck, some good years and some bad. Throughout it
all he will still have adequate means to support himself and his family.
Maintain serenity to the best of your ability.
You are mixed up in troubles which are not your fault, or of your own making. Maintaining clarity and
serenity keeps one free from making errors.

5
occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones
words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in, with) the way things are managed (at large)
by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus), and/or through (in) the way one is

advantage.
The abyss (the canyon, pit, danger, difficulty, memory) is not (yet) full;
Not filled to overflow the rim (over its limit, or past its borders).
Let one respect the (its) completeness and tranquility (or peace).
(Then) it will adjust itself.
Let one heed ones (own) state (condition) and peacefulness.
No mistake! No error."
Gathered sources: Here, while one is hovering precariously on the edge of disaster (the abyss, the
water, the danger), if one will choose the path of peace and tranquility, the danger will be kept at bay.
The superior one will wisely choose to follow this path. On the other hand, the inferior one can't
summon the necessary peace of mind to do so, and will suffer the consequences, thus ending up
being overwhelmed by the difficulties (the danger, the water, the incalculable).
The fact that the water (the perils, dangers, or difficulties) is (was, might, or will be) not (yet) rising
(flowing) to, or "over" the top, is indicated by the central position of this line (in the upper trigram the
water), which thereby indicates that the "level" (or amount) is not (yet) too high (too much, or
"overfilling"): the "pit" (abyss, or canyon) is not (yet) full (fully dangerous, lively, incalculable, or
unknown).
This may suggest that one should choose (is, was, or may be choosing) the way of least resistance,
while not (wanting to be) "climbing" (or rising) too high, too much, or too fast. The advice to "heed
ones own state", may point to the necessity not to let oneself be distracted or put at risk by outside
elements that are foreign to oneself or the way one is doing things.
The peaceful state that is presently occurring at the exterior (at the outside, or on the appearance of
things) is a sign of completion (achievement, or fulfillment). It is an abnormal (irregular) image, which
goes beyond ones usual idea of fullness and completion.
The abyss (canyon, or pit) that is only partially full offers what can be like "a natural reflecting mirror"
(the surface, or "shape" of the water reflecting ones image, or condition). Thus, in (during, or because
of) its peacefulness (or tranquility), the water (or pool) can reflect or absorb (or both), depending on
ones situation (the occurring circumstances), or point of view.
General comment
Here we have water seeking its own level (finding peacefulness, tranquility) and ready to overcome
obstacles as necessary. Furthermore, it has the potential to produce energy or nourish. However, this
potential must be used in the service of others, yet fully respecting and heeding ones own state and
safety.

~ Profile
He is a person who is in a ruling position (the 5th line being the ruler of a hexagram) and makes a
great and wise administrator. He gives his subordinates ample latitude and lets them perform their
duties, while themselves retaining responsibility for their actions.
He exemplifies the natural law that water has only to rise high enough to surmount the obstacles in
order to advance. He especially avoids excess.
Most auspicious (in the best case): You will be someone of wide knowledge and great wisdom, full of
human understanding and kindness, following the golden mean, and guiding and supporting others
with sound judgment and common sense. You will be someone with a cosmic destiny to fulfill for the
benefit of the world, and will consider your life quite serene and joyful.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): You will have above average talents and character. You will be
able to quell small disturbances and settle disputes readily. On the whole, you will have an easy and
smooth life.
When moving ahead, advance in the manner of water.
Just as water only rises high enough to overcome its immediate obstacles, so you should do likewise
in your forward progress in these circumstances.
occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom,
Heaven's law).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) bound (tied, or restrained) with cords (ropes),
and imprisoned (entangled, placed, or disposed of) within thorn-hedged walls (or a bush of
thorns).
For three years (three periods, or "three") one does not find the (right) way (to do things).
For three years no gain.
There will be misfortune (no gain, no profit, no advantage), which might result in evil."
JLK: In a general way, this line may hold the warning that if one continues on the path (in the way)
being considered for the matter at hand, one will end (as) imprisoned within "thorn-hedged walls". If
there is still time, one must change direction.
It could be that the misfortune occurs due to the fact that one is a hardened criminal, but even loving
(being kind, helpful, and/or obliging to) the other(s) too much (inadequately, too compulsively and/or

obsessively) can lead one to being as imprisoned "within thorn-hedged walls".
Loving others too much to the point of neglecting (sacrificing) oneself too much, can lead to being
enslaved (imprisoned) by the (unbalanced) loving. Fighting others too much to the point of neglecting
(sacrificing) oneself too much, can lead to being enslaved (imprisoned) by the fight.
One must act in accordance with what is virtuous, and with known (accumulated) experience. In
some cases, even when being fully virtuous, one can run into difficulties if ones actions and/or
choices are not in accordance with the limitations of life (and/or human nature). Experience and
accumulated knowledge show that there are times where one must prefer staying within the limits of
what is feasible (attainable), instead of attempting to have ones virtuous desires be realized.
Especially when dealing with others, one has to consider each person's limitations (and/or inferior
sides), and reckon with it.
The 6th line represents the leader (the head), the ruling principle, wisdom, and Heaven's law, which
here are compromised by what is weak (small, inferior, receptive, female). One must compensate for
this by not only being virtuous, but practical as well, before it's too late.
While the text of the Image mentions that "the Great Man is investing a lot of his time leading and
giving instruction(s) to others", here, one may have to abandon this (to some extent), as one is not in
the right position, while what is small (weak, open, receptive, female, evil) is in a powerful position.
If this is the only changing line, the hexagram changes into hex. 59, the Dispersing (the Dissolution,
To Have Been, Becoming, and Being "One"). The 6th line indicates how one removes oneself from
bloody wounds. Thus, one will (eventually) get out from the present ordeal.
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) missing (or losing) ones proper course (the right
way). This means that there will be misfortune, which might result in evil.
One (was, might, or will be) not "finding" (or knowing) (about) the (right) way (the right, or correct way,
path, or direction) that one should be pursuing, for three years (three periods, hours, minutes, or
centuries, "three", or what is experienced like this: a long time). One is (was, might, or will be) not
attaining (reaching, fulfilling, or achieving) ones goal (aim, or endeavor), nor is (was, might, or will be)
one able to escape.
The cords are strong, while one is (was, might, can, or will be) placed in (what are as) walls with (or
made of) bushes of thorns: one is like moving in the middle of cactusses.
This may depict someone (or something) who (which) in the extremity of danger has been (might, or
will be) losing (moving away from) the right way (path, or course), while being irremediably entangled
in his (its) sins (mistakes, and errors), and therefore has (was, might, or will be having) no prospect of
escape. He (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a criminal (and/or a convict - i.e. not
necessarily guilty of criminal acts, albeit as a consequence of an inappropriate course) who (that) sits
shackled behind thornhedged prison walls.
The difference between the image of this line and that of the 3rd line of this hexagram is that in the
3rd line the subject finds itself in a pit (the abyss) because of being trapped (in some way) and/or
captured (and/or tortured). Here, it is because of (some form of) punishment and/or revenge (not
necessarily justified, but unavoidable).
In contrast to the six in the 1st line (at the beginning), where one is (was, might, or will be) caught in a
cavern (or hole) within the abyss (canyon, pit, or stream), this line (and that which it represents) is at
the top, which results in the image of being enclosed by a wall behind (or on top of which there are)
thorn hedges (prison walls in ancient China were arranged this way to prevent escape, much like
today's barbed wire). The thorns are indicated, and are the expression of the trigram, Kan, "the Water
(Life)". The unfortunate situation of this line is due to the fact that it "rests" (stands, or appears) upon
a hard line, the nine in the 5th place.

The fact that this is the top line indicates that one is finding, seeing, or experiencing the danger(s),
obstruction(s), weakness, or evil, at a higher location, as at the top of, or (as from) behind "a wall".
For minor offenses (crimes), where repentance was shown, pardon was granted after a year, for more
serious ones after two years, and for very grave ones (only) after three years, so that the case at
hand here concerns a matter of an extremely serious (kind of) entanglement (involvement, or
consequence).
Still, the situation (or occurring circumstances) is (are, was, were, might, or will) not (be) desperate,
but there is certainly no reason for (any) cheers (to understate things).
~ Profile
The individual depicted here, instead of following the flow of the water, has tried to get out of the
abyss by using the sides. He has become entangled in a hedge of thorns, no doubt there for the
protection of someone else's property or possessions. These individuals are prone to try quick
remedies, quick escapes, and quick paths to their goals, instead of the longer but safer, proven
methods. They will experience many entanglements and difficulties as a result of their
shortsightedness, their fear of moving forward step by step, and the follies associated with their
thinking. Eventually they can learn the right way to overcome their difficulties, and make normal
progress again.
Most auspicious (in the best case): It will be beneficial for these individuals to live in seclusion to the
maximum extent practicable, disregarding worldly matters, and developing themselves inwardly. Life
will not be easy, but something worthwhile may eventually result.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be quite unfortunate. He will separate from his family,
and have many troubles and insults. He may even be imprisoned. He will have a short life.
Rashness leads to entanglements.
In keeping with the law of change, a period of inevitable decline is taking place. Hold back.

Hexagram 30, the Fire (the Illuminating, That Which Sticks And Exhausts)
- Li (Li)
The theme of this hexagram is multi-faced: it's the brightness as projected by a fire, and the general
illumination this can provide. It's also about the image that can be seen or be projected (as by a light).
Yet at the same time it is about the double-facedness of an image and the fact that not all can be
seen or understood - there may be a betrayal, a false facade. Since fire depends on some kind of
resource that will allow it to burn, it can never be omnipresent, nor eternal (without end). Likewise,
shining light on one thing, may cause another thing to be left in darkness.
Additionally, it also points to the effects a fire can have, they be good or bad (such as providing gentle
warmth, or on the other hand burning something until destroyed), and the fact it has to be nourished,
and consequently the exhaustion it will generally cause (in some form).
The Image says:
"the fire; the illuminating; the clarifying; the radiance; the brightness; the projection;
the picture; the enlightenment; the warmth; the heat;
that which clings; that which sticks and exhausts; the draining of energy;
the exhausting brightness, or pain;
a knife; cutting; separating; combustion; the breaking apart; the activating; the igniting fire;
the alchemy; the ambiguity of reality; the cosmic mean; the spreading and dividing:
Two fires.
Two Great fires projecting as one flame, or (multiple) brilliancy;
Brightness clinging to brightness.
Double brightness, the way of the universe.
This is the image of fire upon fire.

One fire (image, energy, or action) projects, stimulates, or can hide another fire (image,
energy, or action).
"JLK: Alchemy causes (more) alchemy.

If the alchemy is not balanced, the end result (product) can not be balanced.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) shining the (and/or his) light
(brightness, clarity, intelligence), over the four regions in the world, (re-) considering by
endless amounts all in the Universe and beyond, and he is (was, might, will, or should be)
inquiring and clarifying, such as to make the light last forever;
Adequately; With, through, and in time.
The Great Man will clarify and/or enlighten all and everyone that is occurring, in accordance to
cosmic clarity, ancient wisdom, tradition and practice."
JLK: Hex. 30, the Fire (the Illuminating, That Which Sticks And Exhausts), shows fire (illumination,
clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) upon fire
(illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy). This
shows endless brightness (illumination, clarifying, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of
energy).

Fire provides illumination (clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating of energy), but
it also exhausts (drains energy, betrays). Therefore the time of the fire (illumination, clarifying,
brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) is one of a measure of forces,
as described by inner hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner Preponderance).
The time and/or circumstances of the fire is one of clarifying things, shining and/or experiencing
brightness (clarity, intelligence), consuming (exhausting) or giving (manifesting, activating) "energy"
(warmth). Yet at the same time it can behold betrayal, and/or exhaustion (a draining of energy).
Thus, conversely, this hexagram is viewed as symbolizing the meshes of a net, like that of a fishing
net, symbolized by each fire trigram with their open line ("emptiness") in the middle and strong lines
(like "threads") at the sides (like a net). Fish don't notice the net and/or don't understand how it works.
They are betrayed by appearances, not seeing the danger of where they move into. Therefore, this
hexagram should be taken as a warning (the necessity) to study (learn about) what one is dealing
with, and if it could hold betrayal and/or entrapment such as that of a net.
Another property of fire is that of "sticking" (or "clinging") to whatever can catch fire and that it can get
its grip on. This can be good or bad, depending on the context. It can be enlightening and/or
betraying, nourishing and/or exhausting.
The inverse of hex. 30 is occurring in hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness), where one is
(was, might, will, or should be) in the middle of a stream ("things", action, liveliness, the incalculable,
danger, difficulties), and/or dealing with such a stream. Hex. 30 allows for (dealing with)
understanding things, while hex. 29 is a time of (dealing with) experiencing things.
Gathered sources: Fire and brightness radiate light and warmth, attached or sticking to what gives
support. What is dark sticks to what is bright and thus achieves clarity and clearness.
Thus one is giving, or asking for righteousness as connected to the conditions of work, education,
harvesting, or other "transaction", event or "sacrificing" (fulfilling an endeavor).
energy) burns high, therefore it is said: what is bright and clear comes up. In relation to humans, this
represents the clear disposition which enhances logic response which clarifies the universe. Also,
people that are together see, feel, hear, and exhume heat, radiance and liveliness or other
subconscious signals (as indicated by the trigrams "the fire", and the inner trigrams "the water").
JLK: It is good to look carefully at what is occurring, as one can easily be mislead by what one can
see, or by what is projected (during congregating as well as in general). But looking into a fire, or
light, persistently, is confusing, and blinding. If one is to avoid a dangerous confusion one can apply
further illumination, at the exterior, from a third party, or other. This means that "looking" (clarifying,
understanding, cutting), can be done with the other senses (in other ways) as well.
Gathered sources:Modern meanings for the trigram Li (the fire) are: to separate (to cut apart), to
leave, to fall into, to meet with.
This hexagram, with its inner open lines and the exterior lines that are closed, is like the image of a
net, in which animals are caught. They are being caught because they do not notice the fine net
closing them in. This hexagram is exactly the opposite from hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the
Liveliness).
JLK: Thus, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or
draining of energy) operates like, for example, the reading of this text: at one occasion this will
enlighten, at another this can bear the risk of leading into a certain exhaustion (and/or betrayal).
To some, illuminating, or enlightening (which stands for whatever one wants this to denote) will make
it seem to one as if nothing out of the ordinary has been clarified, but to others, illuminating, or

enlightening adequately, correctly, and in time, can work out in a creative way, and save much time
and effort, as it allows the contemplating and projecting of open, although different realities, or worlds,
truthful, (from) within, as well as at the exterior.
Gathered sources: The difference between the image of hex. 29 and the image of hex. 30, is that the
water depicts what is lively, Ultimate and incalculable, therefore it is dangerous, as it can only be
unpredictable. Here, there is fire, indicating illumination and blessings but also exhaustion and danger
due to ambiguity (doublefacedness) occurring everywhere, within as well as at the exterior, due to the
fact that what is creative has been installing a (type of) "net", or framework, barely impossible for
oneself or others to feel, see, hear, smell, notice or detect. Therefore, those who can not see the net
will be caught, and live through misfortune due to not understanding what caused it.
JLK: That is why the judgment mentions betrayal, "even if there is no evil intended", as something will
always be overlooked. Because nothing is what it looks to be (as on first impressions).
From a positive standpoint, the Ultimate net, or framework, that which is catching everything and
everybody, is divine, bright, and just. Therefore, to act logically, practically, and with virtue, in harmony
with what is good and divine, Ultimate, sincere, and in accordance with Heaven's law (the ruling
principle) is what will protect best against misfortune and evil that may result from it.
"With, through, and in time...", means that here, time itself operates with the capacity of a fire also:
enlightening or aggravating, clarifying or obscuring, stimulating and/or exhausting, etc...
The Judgment says:
"A fire, illumination, clarification, radiance, brightness, projection, warmth, energy, draining of
energy, that which clings, that which sticks and exhausts, cutting, separating, combustion,
breaking apart, activating, alchemy, ambiguity (of reality), the cosmic mean, the spreading and
dividing:
In regard to what is denoted by these it will be advantageous to be firm, persevering,

anticipating, and doing the divination, while being correct, avoiding mistakes, or errors.
Then, there will be free course and success.
There occurs an occasion or the offering of a sacrifice.

There is (was, might, or will be) profit in the divination.
It is (was, might, or will be) advantageous to be anticipating and persevering
JLK: Depending on ones position (and the matter at hand), there may be enlightenment, or (on
the contrary) betrayal!
Similarly, things may be energized, or (on the contrary) exhausted.
Even when there is no evil intended: some things can not be seen, viewed, or (made to be)
understood;
If there is evil intended, then this is even more so.
Due (or thanks) to the fire, one is (was, might, or will be) clarifying (projecting, understanding),
and this leads to enlightenment (brilliance) as well as exhaustion (drain of energy and/or
resources of various kinds).
One has to assess if this might be dangerous (bringing difficulties and peril), or relatively
harmless, and in accordance with the circumstances;
It is, and will certainly be dangerous, perilous, and leading to difficulties, to underestimate it!
Redoubling (ones) brightness, notifying and considering several times (repeatedly) is what
will bring, or lead to what is correct and connecting.
Changes that come about in this way will accomplish and perfect all that appears in the
Universe.

To associate and depend on what spreads the light, or on what carries, and/or communicates
the enlightening (and enlightenment, or clarifying).
JLK: "Read" what you see, and look at it from as many angles as possible;
One might (still) be fooled by what one sees, hears, and/or thinks (reasons) to know (and/or
understand)!
If you look to the light (the brightness, the fire), the darkness of the shadow will stay behind
you; However, if you look too long at what is shining, radiant and enlightening, you will be
(temporarily) blinded, and not able to see (adequately, or in time) what will come out of, or
what may occur, in the darkness (the unclear, open, small, weak, female, or evil), where danger
might reside (or occur).
To take care of the cow and the bull (as well) is what will bring good fortune.
Also, if one (or what occurs) is (was, or will be) nourishing (cultivating, showing, inviting) a
docility like that of a cow, this too, will bring good fortune."
Gathered sources: The profit in the divination indicates there will be profit in looking and acting ahead
of events, by all means.
"To associate and depend on what spreads the light,..." indicates anything and anyone spreading the
light as it is given by God: the love, the creativeness, the passion, the brightness, the capacity to
congregate, communicate, and connect.
JLK: "One might be fooled by what one sees", means one can only see, or feel; What can one know?
Times of brightness are times of intelligent action.
Redoubling brightness will result in more than its sum: thus, when congregating (joining forces), one
is never talking to (and/or being experienced by) only one listener (receiver), but to at least two: the
listener + oneself, the listener + the subconscious, or the listener + a witness or audience (of some
kind).
If you look to the light, the darkness of the shadow will stay behind. But if you look too long at what is
enlightening, you will not be able to see what will come out of the darkness. Also, if one would look
into darkness alone one would be blinded at the smallest light appearing.
This hexagram may point to the fact that there is (or should be) reciprocal dependency in order to get
things right (clarified, energizing). Both parties should be taken care of, and/or present (available). If
this is not the case, there can be no advantage.
Gathered sources: To take care of the cow and the bull means that one takes care (or should), of the
one, as well as of the other; Of the female as well as of the male. With two partners: one takes care
of both partners. Also, to take care of the cow and the bull, indicates that one should take care of the
cattle (livestock), meaning: to take care of what provides for food and help, or of what will provide.
JLK: It is good to note that in some cases the character of the bull takes up a special meaning, if
someone related to the question that made the Yi Jing answer by this hexagram is a bull/buffalo in the
sense of Chinese astrology. In that case the bull deserves more caring, or nourishment.
Gathered sources: If this hexagram is describing an individual, the doubling of the trigram the fire
(illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) is
indicating a person with a fiery, restless, neurotic, short-tempered and impatient character. Thus it can
depict a person who will easily start an argument, or conflict, just like in the case of a successful
businessman or woman, or self-confident and self-contentious lover whose loud, and demanding
"show of love" are only an excuse (consciously, or subconsciously) to stick, or clamp, to the other, in
order to obtain (the) self-confidence and/or resources.

If describing a situation, it indicates an unbalanced, and explosive situation, with a serious threat of
misfortune, although it can lead to Great (cosmic) brilliancy as well.
JLK: The fire trigram symbolizes energy. Everything and everyone generates "energy", in one form or
another. If ones wishes this energy to be positive and productive, one has to make sure that this is
the type of energy one generates, and vibrates with. If there is negativity, the resulting energy will
"exhaust" and drain (resources).
Commentary
The trigram Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or
draining of energy) doubled, symbolizes duration of the light. There are two bright fires (flames,
images), which by perpetuating their brilliance, can light up the four corners of the earth. For there to
be light there must be something for it to cling to, a medium against which it is contrasted.
"Care of the cow" symbolizes nourishment and the protection of docility and usefulness.
~ Profile
These persons are men of strong faith and firm principles to which they adhere in the conduct of life.
They have the potential to be leaders but are inclined to be narrow-minded. They tend to become
experts in specialized matters of interest to themselves, at the same time laying a path for others to
follow. They have leanings towards extremes, e.g. in spiritual matters they may be devoted ascetics
or possibly saints. They perform a very valuable service by being examples to others. Usually, their
actions and lives will become well known, and with the exercise of care their lives can be of great
benefit to others and bring good fortune to themselves.
Those born in the fourth, fifth and sixth months [May - August] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: A fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or

draining of energy) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in
One 'what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) walking with confused steps (and/or
drunkenly). Reverence, care and sincerity makes one evade errors.
This is showing one ready to move with confused steps.

But at the same time one treads reverently, and (then) there will be no mistake; No error.
There are (what is like) imprints (or footsteps) into several directions, running criss-cross
through each other.
One may see (some-) one arriving (coming) dressed (as) with golden shoes (like a brilliant
sovereign). One is (might, was, or will be) seeing the arrival of a "golden opportunity".
They (the golden shoes, or the golden opportunities) are radiating.
Honor (the) one (who, or that which, is arriving, coming), and one will avoid being harmed (or
avoid bringing harm to oneself).
Walk reverently, proceed respectfully.
If one is serious, there will be no mistake; No error, and no blame."
JLK: Here (under the occurring circumstances), there is (was, might, or will be) confusion, in various
ways and on various levels (such as caused by drunkenness, or associated and/or similar to this).
Therefore, if one (or the other) is not being calm, not being reverent, not serious, not caring and/or not
fully sincere, then there are (were, might, or will be) errors.
The opposite is also true, and points to the way to solve the issue at hand and to overcome the
confusion: if one (or the other) is (was, might, or will be) calm, reverend, serious, caring and fully
sincere, then one will be free of errors, and one will see a golden opportunity coming ones way.
One should walk as if wearing "golden shoes". This could point to doing things with a certain touch of
ceremony (seriousness). If that's not possible, then this means things are not right.
Gathered sources: Thus, the "reverent (and serious) attention directed to ones confused steps", is the
way by which error is avoided.
Several activities (events, or developments) are occurring at the same time, like footsteps running
through each other. This is like early in the morning, when one is (just) beginning, and busy. After the
soul has been cut off the exterior world during the period of sleep (receptiveness, or darkness), now,
a new (kind of) contact with the world is (was, might, or will be) establishing.
The multiple "impressions", and "trails" (or experiences) of what is, and has been occurring, appear in
a criss cross fashion, pointing into multiple directions. The abundant (Great amount, and variety of)
occurring activity, or work, is done with a rush. At such a time, ones need for clarity, seriousness, and
concentration are the Greatest.
Thus, it is important to stay calm inwardly, as to not be carried away by the turbulences (and

confusions) of life.
One who is serious and calm, will achieve the necessary clearness of mind, which will allow to deal
with the multiple and diverse impressions that are like invading and intruding ones perception.
Especially in, and at the beginning, such a calm seriousness is extremely important, because the
beginning contains the seed of what will occur later. Thus it is good to stay apprehensive, and on the
alert, but one must stay amiable as well.
This may depict a brilliant and enlightened sovereign, coming on the scene early in the morning. A
brilliant, and enlightened sovereign can as well prove to be like a tyrant, or (to) be good, which may
be depending on the way he is received (or treated). It may point to the necessity of one and another
treating each other correctly, and with respect, as if all were sovereign. If under the circumstances, a
mistake (error) is made, it may mean (some-) one is (was, or will) not be(ing) treated with (enough)
respect.
The golden shoes indicate embroidered shoes, or embroidered with a golden fiber It can also indicate
that which supports (protecting, but also ornamenting the feet), and that has been embellished, as by
golden fibers, or strings (as depicted by the lower inner trigram: the wood, the wind, the strings, the
word, the organism), and which displays finesse, style, and brilliance.
Thus, the wise, when attacking what is evil, acts with determination, but without the use of violence or
blind and angry punishments. He gets rid of what causes the evil by attacking that which, or those
who caused or inspired it, and not by attacking those who befall or gave in to it.
This is a time where many diverse influences (and conditions) are having an effect on one (-self, or
that which is occurring) which may be confusing, or leading one into making a mistake, especially if
one will not act with (enough) reverence, or respect, or if one is not treated with such. It may be that
in ones life, many conflicts are occurring.
But is important not to be lead or influenced by the fears, doubts, worries, nor the many "publicity
campaigns" as they may occur in the world.
At the beginning (when young), or in the morning: pray, and tune in on what is Ultimate, and endless.
Ask for divine leadership and inspiration, according to what is Godly.
Reload your spiritual energies by trusting and tuning in on God, on what is pure and divine, and all
the other good things in life. In the mind, beginning and ending are one. Start with God (that which is
Ultimate), and the end will be what is good.
No blame, means that if one is serious, calm, and amiable, one will avoid to have to be blamed.
Honor (the) one (who is arriving, coming) or "that which is coming (brilliantly, and clearly)", and one
will avoid to be harmed (or to bring harm to oneself).
General comment
Confused steps are invariably made at the beginning of any enterprise or state of affairs. So it is here
at the beginning of clarity. In general, these persons will be energetic and ambitious, with a goal of
sorts in their minds. They will be diligent in their efforts yet ever seeking something more, but
uncertain as to what exactly this should be. They will make considerable progress throughout their
lives, but cannot be expected to rise to great heights.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be reverent and loyal to his obligations, and
responsibilities, and meticulous in their execution. He will be wise in a limited way, and will seek
opportunities to be useful and of service. He will make modest gains.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also know how to perform his duties, and will carry them
out reasonably well within narrow limits. He will make many mistakes early in life, but will reform and

enjoy a good life later.
Light needs contrast to be seen.
In beginning anything one is not certain as to the best way to proceed. Maintain seriousness, and the
right way will be found.

draining of energy) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (as) in (for, at, with) the calves
(ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
A fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of

energy) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the
consensus).
will be advantage.
Yellow light; Yellow and bright.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) in ones place in yellow, shining with brightness.
There is (was, might, will, or should be) Great good fortune."
Gathered sources: The "Great good fortune", and the occupying of ones place "in yellow, shining with
brightness", is owing to ones holding (to) the course of the due mean.
Yellow indicates the earth (as in China most earth is of a yellow color) and its supreme blessings. In
Chinese culture it was the symbol of the emperor. Thus, here, it's a symbol of authority.
This line, and its image of "yellow light", can also indicate the bright bird, as an omen of this
hexagram (also see hex. 36, "the Darkening of the Light", where instead of the fire trigram, there is
the earth trigram above the fire trigram). Then, the Great good fortune of this line, must be
contemplated within the whole context. If there are no mistakes, no error, and if the negativity of the
"omen aspect" has been overcome, then one may be as occupying ones place in yellow, and shine
with brightness.
JLK: On the other hand, if the negative omen aspect has not (yet) been overcome, and/or if there are
clear signs of a bad omen (something being amiss), then this line may point to a missed (golden)
opportunity for the one (or those) at the center of the matter at hand. In that case the good fortune
can not materialize.
In a complimentary way, for the one doing the divination there will still be "sublime good fortune"
sooner or later, as long as one is in ones place, shining with brightness (in what is right).

Thus, if there are good omens, then this confirms the favorableness of the situation.
Gathered sources: Furthermore (when there are no bad omens) this line may indicate "the sun at
noon" (in the middle of the day), symbolizing the virtue that occurs because of the contemplating,
meeting, and associating of both halves of the day (of night-time, and day-time); Of what has begun
in the dark, and ends in the light, with what will begin while there is light, and end when it is dark.
All this indicates (the aiming for keeping at) the center (keeping the middle), and its good fortune.
Thus, this can depict a civilization or accomplished artistry (to be), containing a high degree of
brightness and correctness.
General comment
When someone is working with great clarity for someone else, and doing so fairly and impartially,
sublime good fortune can result.
~ Profile
This line is the strong correlate of line 5, the ruler. Hence this man is in a key supporting role, helping
to provide good administration and government through exceptional clarity.
These persons will have the innate ability to see things clearly and in their proper perspective, at
whatever level they may be operating. Their life will be one of service and benefit to others, and they
will set a good example.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be an advisor to, or an administrator for, the leader of his
country, the local government, or a commercial enterprise, and thereby help the nation to flourish
culturally and economically. He will be a man of virtue, modesty, gentility and consideration, following
the golden mean. Good fortune will be his in all phases of his life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a careful and forthright person, paying close
attention to his every activity, whether personal or professional. He will have an easy and happy life.
Follow the middle way.
Follow the golden mean in thought, word and deed, and much success will result.

3

draining of energy) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (as) in (at, for, with) the hips
After a period of great brightness, the light of the sun declines.
If one beats ones drum and sings when the brightness (the clarity, the fire) decreases, then
there is (was, might, or will be) misfortune, which might result in evil."
JLK: There are times when things are "bright" and rising, and there are times when things are
"darkened" and decline. They are the "ups" and "downs" of life, and depend on the available life-
force, energy, and/or resources, that are required to make the fire (of life) burn and shine briliantly.
Essentially, this line points to the fact that circumstances should be appropriate, if one is to "beat ones
drum and sing": there should be brightness (clarity, fire, energy, life-force, resources) for that.
Vice versa, this line may point to the fact that it is only appropriate to act (and things will only be
appropriate) if circumstances are presenting themselves with the brightness (clarity, fire, energy,
resources) of the sun, or with the enthusiasm of someone who "beats the drum and sings" (who is
alive and "vibrating"). If the issue at hand concerns a matter of contention, then one must beware of
what is not (yet) entirely clear and can not be reckoned with, and/or that can be exhausting.
If one will "beat ones drum and sing" when there is not enough brightness (clarity, fire, energy,
resources), it be because there is a lack of it in the circumstances or in oneself, then there will be
misfortune. This lack of brightness may be due to a decline, but it may also be that it has simply not
yet occurred to a point that is adequate (and/or relevant) for the matter at hand (in which case this
line draws attention to the fact that what lies ahead - or needs to occur - is a brilliant rise, followed by
a necessary decline, i.e. a natural cycle and/or sequence of events, depending on the available
energy, life-force, and/or resources).
Nevertheless, it could be that here there is a golden opportunity waiting to be seized, in which case
this line points to the fact that to profit from it, one should only act if there is enough "brightness"
(clarity, fire, energy), and that one may have to do something appropriate (find an appropriate
solution) in order to let this be the case.
On the other hand, this line can point to a situation where one (or "that which occurs") is, or might be,
like a setting (declining) sun: instead of "playing ones drums and singing", one is sighing and
groaning like an old man / woman. This brings no profit, and will lead to misfortune, which might result
in evil.
Thus, this line may be a reminder that all in life is transitory. Instead of complaining about it, it's better
to find a more appropriate (harmonious) way to deal with things.
Gathered sources: A position (an action, or movement) like that of a setting sun (withdrawing into, or
towards what is dark, small, unclear, open, or weak): how can it continue long? Or be of any real
substance? One may merely end up to be endlessly turning around things, like the earth in orbit
around the sun.

Thus, this line can indicate that what is like the light of a "setting sun" leads one to consider that life is
transitory and conditional. Caught in this way of looking at things, and caught in external bondage,
one is usually robbed of ones inner freedom as well. Sensing this, and sensing the transitoriness of
life, one may either have a compelling desire to uninhibited (exaggerated) fun, in order to enjoy life
while it lasts, or one may be giving in to the (bitter) melancholy (or sorrow), spoiling the precious time
by lamenting about the approach of old age (or about "lost, or wasted opportunities and occasions").
Both attitudes are wrong. The only thing that is "constant" in life, is that things change (constantly
"turning things around", see hex. 32, the Constancy (the Enduring, the Exception). To the superior
one it makes no difference whether death comes early or late. One will cultivate oneself, and await
ones allotted time, and in this way secure ones fate. Only by calmly, and quietly accepting and
appropriately dealing with the (occurring) circumstances will one be able to maintain ones virtue, and
to enjoy what has been granted to one.
JLK: Also, one may consider this: technically speaking, the sun never stops to be rising (somewhere,
along the surfaces it shines on), yet neither does it ever stop to go down (as seen from yet another
position) as well; All is in (-side) all. Therefore, do not waste what can be, if it is to be good.
Everything is, or will be taken care of (automatically, by others, and/or by ourselves).
One may draw from this the idea that there is always some goodness (energy, "life-force") to be found
in a given situation, as long as one wishes (and/or accepts) to see and/or experience it, while there is
always some form of decline (deterioration), even if one has not (yet) noticed it.
General comment
In the trigram the fire (the illuminating, that which sticks and exhausts), the bottom line represents
sunrise, the middle line the main part of the day, and the upper line the period of the setting sun. The
beauty of sunsets is fluctuating and transient, and the time bodes of darkness to follow.
~ Profile
Hence, these persons have a distinct tendency to be inveterately pessimistic, and to always think
that where they have been is better than where they are going. They glory in the past and try to avoid
the future, and their energies are spent in the wrong directions. In general, they are not very helpful to
themselves, their families, or any activity or enterprise with which they are associated.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He wi11 he knowledgeable regarding the cycles in life of rise and
decline, gain and failure, etc., and will act solely in keeping with the law of change, without striving to
overcome it. He will be content with his lot, whether it is good or bad.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): His actions and endeavors will probably result in serious
damage to himself. He may lose any wealth he possesses or accumulates. He will have an
unfortunate family life as well.
The beauty of the sunset is transient.
Your clarity is dimming. Act according to the dictates of the circumstances. Do not dwell on the past.

4

draining of energy) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (as) in (for) the heart (the
A fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of

energy) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of
Ones coming is sudden, and then, like a fire at its end, abruptly dies down."
JLK: A fire either shines (radiates, burns), or it isn't. Here it's set to die down, unless one will fuel it
again with resources (the wood, the lower inner trigram, and the ocean occurring as the top inner
trigram).
In all matters: life can be gone very abruptly, so make sure that what you leave behind is of value,
good, and in good measure, and/or occurring at the right time, the right way. In the end, that's all that
matters.
This line shows the image of a fire dying down, which means that brightness is (abruptly) vanishing,
allowing darkness to set in. This implies that if one (or what is at the center of the matter at hand)
goes on in the same direction (or way) as is presently occurring or being considered, there is a real
risk that things will end in darkness (evil, smallness). Choose wisely!
Thus, this line may on the one hand hold the warning that one is at risk of throwing away ("ending",
destroying) something that is of great value, such as (the brightness of) a fire.
On the other hand, since under the circumstances one has to deal with a decreasing "brightness"
(fire), it may also hold the advice to discard certain things that are proven not to work or be beneficial.
But this should be done with great care, such as not to throw away the wrong thing(s), which could
put at risk more than one intended, and put an end to (all that matters for) that is bright and of value,
at the center of what is occurring.
In a general way, this line may hold the stern warning that going on in inferior ways will not hold for a
significant time. Therefore, one has to decide if what is at the center of the matter at hand is genuinely
right and good, leading to the right kind of endurance, or on the contrary, if it is exhausting (draining
life-force) and/or full of betrayal, and leading away from what is good, not being able to continue (for
long).
In an indirect way this line may hold the advice not to spend all ones energies and/or resources
(wealth, nourishment, strength) too fast or excessively, unless one wishes to end (destroy) what is at
the center of the matter at hand.
In case of doubt, the fire can represent what is illuminating (clarifying, brightening, projecting,
energizing) or something that sticks and exhausts (draining ones energies, and/or resources).
Depending on the context, it may be right that such a fire dies out, or on the contrary is refueled with
life so that it will keep burning on.
Gathered sources: The existence of one (or what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) sudden like a
flaring of the fire, which as quickly dies down and is forgotten.
How abrupt is the manner of ones coming! None can bear one (or that which is, was, or will be

occurring).
The comment does not speak of fortune or misfortune. Under the occurring circumstances, there are
more important matters.
In difference with the 6th line of hex. 36, the Darkening of the Light, the dying down of the brighthness
(enlightening) is caused by a kind of exhaustion that is unbalanced (too fast, and/or too early), and
not the result of a natural cycle.
Clarity of mind has the same relation to life that fire has to wood. Fire clings to wood, but also
consumes it. Clarity of mind is rooted in life but can also consume it. Everything depends upon how
the clarity functions. Here the image used is that of a meteor or a straw fire. A man who is excitable
and restless may rise quickly to prominence but produces no lasting effects. Thus matters end badly
when a man spends himself too rapidly and consumes himself like a meteor.
~ Profile
These persons have great energy and dynamism when they first start a new job or any project. They
show characteristics of being truly great but these usually fade away quite quickly. Their knowledge is
limited in scope, their energies are rapidly expended, and their durability is questionable.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be over ambitious, and unable to hold any position long,
constantly chopping and changing, and hence never rising very high. Endurance will be lacking in
almost everything he does, but despite this he will have an above average status in life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will not follow the golden mean, and will be unjust, arrogant,
unruly, and offensive. He will have many difficulties throughout a probably short life.
Meteoric clarity is inadequate.
Meteoric clarity bodes no permanent good. Base clarity on sound foundations and maintain it
constantly.

5

draining of energy) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (as) in (for, with) the mouth
(the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in) the way

advantage.
One (what occurs) is showing Great tears of dismay and regret. Good fortune.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) with tears flowing in torrents, and groaning in
sorrow.
Tears in floods, sighing, mourning and lamenting sympathetically.
It is good to be (or to have been) (appropriately) sorry, and regretful.

Then, there is (was, or will be) profit (good fortune, or advantage)."
JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) doing something with a certain reluctance and/or sorrow,
which makes one groan and/or cry. But this is a good sign, as in this case it means that one is (was,
might, will, or should be) doing and/or choosing what is best for one (and/or the situation), or at least
it will be relatively advantageous compared to other options.
Alternatively, this line may concern a certain state or result of things, not (directly) caused by ones
own actions. Notwithstanding the tears and dismay that occur, there will be good fortune.
Gathered sources: The good fortune of this line is due to it occupying the position of the ruler (like that
of a King, or prince).
"Sympathetic" is the key-word. Normally, producing tears in floods, sighing, mourning and lamenting
would not lead to fortune. But at certain times mourning is correct and appropriate. Here, to mourn
loudly and sympathetically may be considered virtuous and correct.
On the other hand, this can indicate the reaching of the zenith of life. Were there no warning, one
would at this stage consume (or destroy) oneself like a flame. Instead, one should understand the
vanity of all things, putting aside both hopes and fears, and stop sighing and lamenting (i.e. deal with,
manage, and/or control ones urge to do so), and turn the energy around into something different (like
work, or "singing" (lamenting sympathetically).
Thus, this line has somewhat of a double meaning. The misplaced enthusiasm, and the excess of
energy that is applied by someone who tries to change the (occurring) circumstances, leads to pain,
and sorrow. Nevertheless, ones efforts will be successful. The "tears flowing in torrents, and the
groaning in sorrow", indicate an honest and truthful inward reversal (of ones intentions).
If one is intent on retaining ones clarity of mind, good fortune will come from the grief felt. This is not
just a passing mood. There is, or will be, a real change of heart due to the emotional impact of the
situation.
Thus, within the context of the other lines, the presently occurring sorrow, and grief, may indicate (or
point to) the development of a (more) peaceful, and virtuous nature (and not aimed at destruction
alone). This is precisely what carries the good fortune.

This is a time where initially, at the beginning, even if one will be avoiding mistakes, or errors, one will
experience difficulties, and Great emotional shock. But the result (later) will be positive.
General comment
This is the position of the king or ruler. He sees everything with great clarity, and seeks the best for
his country and his enterprises. He is very knowledgeable and wise, and understands the
weaknesses and frailties of human nature. He observes the inept attempts by those who try their best
to do right but as yet are not on the right path. He would like to help each and every person to
improve himself inwardly and outwardly, and he does his best to set a proper example, and to
promulgate such rules and regulations as will best help the maximum number of people.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of great vision and clarity working for the good of
mankind, with his life and actions resulting in much harmony. He will be peaceful and gentle in nature,
yet firm in his purposes and goals. He will enjoy a long, rich and noble life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have much clarity, but will lack the stamina and courage
to carry out what he knows needs to be done. He is unable to assume the necessary authority to be
great and successful. He will have many hardships, but his senior years will tend to be smoother
through reaping the rewards of some of his earlier efforts.
Overcome fears through clarity.
Conquer fears. Inwardly adhere to what is right and proper and good. Fortune will result.

draining of energy) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (as) in (for, with) the head (the
The King (the ruler) applies punishment and chastising through conflict (and/or military
expeditions).
Since he is good, he (and/or his representative) punishes (breaks-apart) the rebel's leaders
(and/or those who caused problems), but will not let the rebels' evilness stain (and/or touch)
him, and therefore will grant amnesty to their (unwitting) followers.
Thus, the king goes forth and chastises the rebels.

He punishes the leaders but grants amnesty to the followers. No error."
Gathered sources: The King is (was, might, will, or should be) employing one (that which is occurring)
in his punitive expeditions. One is (has been, or will be) employed in (or as the leader of) the King's

(the ruler's) punitive (or corrective) expeditions.
One is blessed in such a way (by Heaven, with achieving a victory), that one is achieving admirable
merit: one breaks, or kills (only) the chiefs of the rebels (that which has caused problems).
Where (if) ones prisoners are (or were) not their associates (of the rebels), one does (or will) not
punish.
There is (was, or will be) no mistake. One is (was, or will be) not missing, not making a wrong move,
or step. There is (or should be) no error; Therefore, no blame.
JLK: The King (the ruler, or the one representing him) chastises those who (wrongfully) rebel against
him (the evil ones), but he will grant amnesty to their (unwitting) followers, so that nothing of the
rebels' evil (and/or ugliness) will remain in his sphere (so that nothing of it will "contaminate").
Therefore this line points to how not all should be punished, nor at all or any cost.
It may mean that one should be merciful to those who have unwittingly opposed one (at the center of
the matter at hand), and/or it may mean that even though one may have followed a path that was
inappropriate (wrong), but without deliberate intent to cause wrongful harm, one should not be
punished for this. In the latter case, this line may indicate that one experiences some form of
"amnesty", avoiding punishment for something one is not (entirely) guilty of.
Gathered sources: What is occurring is like "the King who is employing one (or that which is
occurring) in his punitive expeditions": the object being to bring the regions (the country) to a correct
state.
This line means that one may be forced to act with strength (toughness), vigor, and severity (towards
the rebels, that which is rebelling, or that which is causing problems), but one should not punish those
who have been stimulated, or forced by others, to participate, and behave in a bad, small, weak, or
evil way (especially if such is the case for oneself), and who therefore are not guilty (or to be blamed)
for an initiative, or a decision that was not of their own (free choice), and not spontaneous.
Thus, here, to reach for a goal (to do an endeavor) with a minimum of means (ways) is to be
preferred. It is better to change (adapt) things (with precision, and accuracy), than to (altogether)
destroy them. Likewise it is better to educate (or influence) people (in a correct fashion), than to talk,
act, or move in a way that will (simply) suit them (or their mentalities), thus destroying all truth, or
relevance.
This may be a time where (some) profit (fortune, or advantage) may be obtained, but only if one will
avoid making a mistake, or error (i.e. only when not destroying, or breaking all, and/or intervening on
a scale that is too massive, or forceful). And one may possibly feel very lonely, or deserted.
~ Profile
These individuals are amongst those who are required to ferret out erroneous aims and procedures,
in whatever profession and at whatever level they are operating. The gamut of possibilities is
boundless since perfection does not exist on this earth. These persons are filling a definite need in
eradicating the wrong rules for procedures and wrong leadership. This is a necessity, consequently
they will experience no error in their so doing.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be courageous, wise, valiant and effective, in either, or
both, civil and military matters, with sufficient talents and abilities to be a blessing to the nation. He
will have a rich and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will not have a high status or station in life, yet will assist in

making corrections. He will not be destitute, but will not have much wealth either. He may suffer from
head or eye troubles.
Make corrections with clarity.
Make whatever corrections are necessary, and pass on quickly to other matters.

Hexagram 31, the Influence (the Stimulation, the Courtship)
- Xian (Hsien)
The themes of this hexagram are the (universal) aspects of influence and stimulation, and the
courtesy (good manners, and/or practice) that is required for it. This is exemplified by the wooing of
man and woman as during courtship.
The Image says:
"the influence; the influence showing; the influencing; the stimulation; the stimulating;
the courtship; the courtesy; the courting; friendliness; feeling oneself and/or the other:
The ocean lies high on top of the mountain.
The superior one, likewise, is (was, might, will, or should be) keeping his mind free from
preoccupation, and open to receive the influence of others, encouraging people to approach
him.
Thus he is (was, might, will, or should be) stimulating general wealth, joy, exchange,
togetherness, effort, understanding, association and wholesome unification, thanks to
behaving in a highly courteous and highly sensitive, sensible, responsive, and serving way.
JLK: To achieve the right conditions for this in himself, he is (was, might, will, or should be)
allowing himself to feel (experience) himself, as well as what others feel (experience); This is
(was, might, will, or should be) bringing him understanding (knowledge), and is (was, might,
will, or should be) improving his ways (capacities, abilities) when exchanging
(communicating, sharing) with others, and/or the Universe.
The inferior one can not do this, on the other hand; As a consequence he is (was, might, or
will be) suffering the condemnation of the masses (the others).
The Great Man will influence all to behave in a way that is (was, might, or will be) courteous
(polite, respectful, considerate), and/or balanced (keeping a course that maintains stability and
fairness);
He will be the first to give the right example for this, and be an inspiration for courteous
(polite, respectful, considerate, and/or joyful) and balanced (stable, equitable, righteous)
behavior with others (and/or what lies at the exterior)."
JLK: Hex. 31, the Influence (the Stimulation, the Courtship), shows a massive ocean (joy and
sadness, exchange, wealth, refinement, decadence, wetness, swamps) lying on top of the mountain
(the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information), like a mountain lake.
The mountain is nourished (enriched) by the wetness of the ocean (the lake).
When ocean (lake) and mountain meet, there is an encounter, the circumstances and conditions of
which are described by inner hex. 44, Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching Relationship).
Gathered sources: A mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information) with a lake (an ocean, joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and
openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) on its summit is stimulated by the

moisture from the lake. It has this advantage because its summit does not just out as a peak but is
sunken.
The image counsels that the mind should be kept humble and free, so that it may remain receptive to
good advice (sharing of knowledge and/or experience). People soon give up counseling (and/or
exchanging with) a man who thinks that he knows everything better than anyone else.
Thus, this hexagram can point to there being a risk of one being (excessively) self-satisfied
(decadent, compromised, perverted), which is (was, might, or will be) occurring (by things being
stacked up, pushed around and growing tough) while rising high, through time (immobilization, and/or
rest).
The name of the hexagram means "universal", "general", and in a figurative sense "to influence", "to
stimulate".
The lower trigram, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information), by its persistent, quiet influence stimulates the weak upper trigram, the ocean (joy and
wetness, swamps), here symbolizing a lake, which responds to this stimulation cheerfully and
joyously. The lower trigram represents the 3rd (or youngest) son, for whom the properties of the
mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) apply. The
upper trigram represents the 3rd (or youngest) daughter, for whom the properties of the ocean (joy
and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility,
wetness, swamps) apply. Thus they represent the universal mutual attraction between the sexes.
In courtship, the masculine principle must seize the initiative and place itself below the feminine
principle.

The Judgment says:
"Influence, influence showing and accumulating, influencing, stimulation, stimulating,

courtship, courtesy, courting, friendliness, feeling oneself and/or the other:
These lead to success.
Committing to, and associating with someone who (or something that) is Great (strong,
creative, superior, male, loving), and/or in a way that is Great, while doing this in a receptive,
as well as in a helpful, and material way, means this is (was, might, will, or should be)
occurring on a sound ground;
It is (was, might, will, or should be) indicating goodness and profit (fortune, or advantage).
It allows for influence.
It is good to go on and persist in what is right and just.
The marriage of a young maiden is (was, might, or will be) favorable (it is favorable for
someone or something who/that is receptive to start a long-term relationship).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) persevering, anticipating and doing the divination
(penetrating with understanding) as like when marrying (starting a long-term relationship) a
young woman (someone small, weak, inferior, and/or receptive), or like "a young woman who
is to be marrying", small and receptive.
Perseverance, being firm, anticipating, and doing the divination might hurt much, if it is not
done adequately, and in (or at the right) time.
JLK: To see (a view), or not to see (a view), will prove to be of lesser importance.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) moving, and/or being moved.
All can be turned around, from the inside coming out, from the surface going (down) under,
and up again.
One will only be sensitive and understanding towards others, after growing, seeing, and
feeling things (as) from within."
Gathered sources: The weak element is above, the strong below, hence their powers attract each
others, so that they unite. This brings about success, for all success depends on the effect of mutual
attraction.
By keeping still within while experiencing joy without, one can prevent the joy from going to excess
and hold it within proper bounds. This is the meaning of the added warnings.
It is perseverance that makes the difference between mere seduction and courtship. In the latter case
the strong man takes a position inferior to that of the weak girl and shows consideration for her. This
attraction between affinities is a general law of nature. Heaven and earth attract each other and thus
all creatures come into being.
Through such attraction the sage influences men's hearts, and thus the world attains peace. From the
attraction they exert we can learn the nature of all beings in Heaven and on Earth.
Commentary
The original ancient Chinese pictograph for Xian (Hsien) means "all, united, together", representing
an influence that is unconscious and involuntary, not one that is conscious and willed.
An alternative interpretation of the ideogram is that it should be understood to include a radical written
underneath it, representing the heart. In ancient China such radicals were frequently left out,

assuming that the learned ones studying the texts would know it to be there.
In that case it stands for "gan", meaning "to influence, to move". It refers to the influence that moves
people and the way it shows itself.
~ Profile
Here we have a lake on the top of a mountain, i.e. the trigram Dui, the ocean or lake (joy and
wetness, swamps), above Ken, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and
grown tough, information), indicating the potentiality of great nourishment over a wide area and a
wide variety of conditions, where the water, when used, will stimulate growth and development.
Some lakes on mountains are large and of great value. Others are small and of little intrinsic worth.
All, however, serve useful purposes. Their value depends on where they are, and their availability for
useful purposes.
These persons will have potentialities in whatever fields or enterprises they elect to involve
themselves. Their inherent usefulness is great wherever they may be, but it will be used. This, of
course, will determine the quality and magnitude of their successes. Working with those full of
dynamic energy will prove favorable.
Those born in the first month [Februray - March] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: Influence (influencing, stimulating, courtship, feeling oneself and/or the other) is (was,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) moving (using) the big toe;
That is one of the ways of how the influence (or influencing) is (was, might, will, or should be)
showing itself .
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) holding; Looking and moving.
JLK: Moving without looking how, when, or where: then (and/or in that case) there is (was,
might, or will be) danger, and/or open-ended (endless) darkness (and receptiveness), as a
consequence; One has to advance and make an effort for this, yet one also has to look
carefully where (and/or how) one is moving.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) influencing (stimulating, and/or being
courteous and friendly with) the others (things), and/or himself, while staying within
(respecting) the (known, and/or experienced) limits (of what is acceptable, reasonable,
feasible), but (in a way that is) stronger (more righteous, creative, and/or loving)."
JLK: Here, to move without carefully looking at the consequences of ones movement(s) can lead to
danger and/or difficulties.
Learn from the movement of your big toe. It tells you where you want to go, and where not. Now ask

yourself if it points in the right direction, and/or if what you want is really right for you (and/or for what
is at the center of the matter at hand). It is useful to know about this, before actually setting forth on a
given course.
In a more general way, one has to question in what direction things are pointing at, and what the trend
is concerning the matter at hand as one can read it from various indications.
Alternatively, the fact that one is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) "moving (using) the big toe", may
indicate that one spurs oneself to action, starting by moving ones "big toe". This can be good, or bad,
depending on how right ones way of moving will be.
Additionally, this line may indicate that others (and/or the one at the center of the matter at hand)
need to take the time to understand the consequences of their actions and/or the way one is (was,
might, will, or should be) advancing (moving).
This is the 1st line of the lower trigram, the mountain. The 1st line of hex. 52, the Mountain (the
Immobile, the Stillness), shows how one should hold still, as if growing roots (into the matter at hand).
However, since this is the time of influencing (and/or courtship), one can not stay entirely immobile.
Therefore here, "growing roots" (getting rooted) has to be combined with getting things to move
(avoiding immobility, and/or getting stuck) on another plane (in another way, on another level, and/or
in another domain). It has to be done while awakening (arousing, moving, shocking) the one (the
other, those, and/or that which is) at the center of the matter at hand. It has to be done while staying
within certain limits.
Gathered sources: The occurrence of this line may hold the advice to be sensitive and attuned to
conditions as they begin to occur, but before they are evident or apparent (to oneself and/or others).
A movement before it is actually carried out, at first shows itself in the toes. The influence of the idea
is already there, but not (immediately) perceived by the others. As long as there is no further
manifestation or other visible effect, it is of little importance to the outside world, leading to neither
good-, nor misfortune, nor evil.
General comment
The lake over the mountain, as it is used in the hexagram, is also symbolic of man. A man's progress
in movement begins with the big toe. The lowest line in this hexagram is also the foot of the mountain,
so we therefore have the beginning of stimulation, with its consequent influence. Since it is only the
big toe it is not of great consequence, and as yet the 'stimulation' is neither good nor bad.
~ Profile
Matters are more or less still in the planning stage, and these persons will, by and large, be planners
on a modest scale. The number of actions that they initiate will be small.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He is likely to be born into a family of low status, and he will be
ambitious to rise above his background. He has the power to make good plans, but his influence will
not be great, and hence his achievements will be modest. He will enjoy a more substantial life in his
later years.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): In general, his plans will exceed his capabilities, and he will not
be successful. He will leave his home in middle age. However, he will not be a pauper.

Advance circumspectly.
Ideas can be held in the mind. If no actions are taken, the result is neither good nor bad. Ponder
further before acting.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) influence (influencing, stimulating,
courtship, feeling oneself and/or the other) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the
Influence (influencing, stimulating, courtship, feeling oneself and/or the other) is (was, might,
or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (like) moving the calves of ones legs;
That is (was, might, or will be) one of the ways of how the influence (or influencing) is showing
itself.
In that case there is (was, might, or will be) misfortune.

But if one waits, there will be profit (good fortune, or advantage)."
JLK: The calves represent impulsiveness and the power of movement (the momentum) it results in.
It's what results in the thrust (momentum, and/or speed) of action. It can also indicate a certain
nervousness and/or impatience. One is (was, might, or will be) at risk of trying to obtain results as fast
as possible, regardless of the implications or consequences.
The reason for this is because ones views (knowledge, and/or understanding) are not (yet) wide
(long, and/or deep) enough for the challenges at hand. Therefore one doesn't understand that (and/or
under what conditions) the time to move (and/or take action) has not yet come.
Under the occurring circumstances, one has to resist giving in to impulses and power of movement.
One should wait (and/or find the right way to do that) until the situation has changed appropriately to
take the action being considered for the matter at hand.
Gathered sources: Although there could, or would be misfortune, yet, if one is (was or will be) abiding
(waiting) quiet in ones place, there will be profit (good fortune, or advantage): thanks to compliance
and adapting to the circumstances and conditions of the time and the place, there will be no injury.
It is advised to quietly wait and abide until an influence is felt that will be impelling enough for taking
real action. This way one will avoid (and not be moving towards) injury.

General comment
The calves achieve nothing by themselves, i.e. they represent followers. Their stimulation alone is of
little purpose unless it serves higher aims and goals.
~ Profile
In general, these persons have a specialized function which they must use to cooperate in a larger
enterprise. They are vital cogs in the machinery as a whole.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be well qualified to perform his assigned duties, and will
have a keen sense of timing, especially relating to initiating actions and following them up. He will
have a pleasant personality and an innate goodness of character. His life will be free from disasters,
and will be quite favorable in many aspects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be selfish, egotistical, greedy and over ambitious. He will
face many troubles in supporting himself and his family.
Specialize in something.
If one has no control over a situation it is best to keep clear of it. Remain devoted to what is right.
courtship, feeling oneself and/or the other) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the
The influence (stimulation) is (was, might, or will be) showing itself in the thighs (the organs
used for reproduction, and/or repetitive action).
He (one, it) is (was, might, or will be) holding close to whom (and/or that which) he (one, it)
follows.
To continue (going on) is (was, might, or will be) leading to regret (and/or humiliation)."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, the matter at hand concerns (and/or is influenced by) what
are like the thighs, i.e. the part of the body used for reproduction, and/or repetitive action. This can
refer to what is like a sexual impulse (and/or other impulse that would lead to a form of reproduction,
and/or repetition) which should not be followed up on by one who is Great (strong, superior, creative,
male), but could also concern an ego-issue. These are interfering in some way or to a degree that is
detrimental.

It may be that the issue that is at the center of ones inquiry may be right and appropriate, but one is
(was, might, or will be) basing ones decision concerning the issue in a way that is not independent or
impartial enough (like a man following his wife's guidance, and/or like a wife following her whims,
and/or like someone/something strong following someone/something weak). To remedy the situation
one should look for a way to reach a decision independently (or more so), and/or based on more
reliable ("male", i.e. strong, light, creative) and/or objective criteria.
Also, since this line may refer to a situation where a husband (the male) is (was, might, or will be)
(too) closely following (and/or giving in to) his wife (the female, what is small, weak, and/or receptive),
and/or where one and/or the other is wishing for this to be the case, it may hold the advice for those
who are like a woman (i.e. weak, receptive, open, small) to let others act in (more) independent (free)
ways. A man should not follow his wife (too closely), neither should a wife demand of her man to
follow her (in such a way), instead she should let him act in an independent (free) way.
The necessity to let the man act independent from the woman, and/or on his own authority, may occur
in any interaction between those who are (or that which is) male and female, or between those who
are superior (light, great, strong, good) and inferior (dark, small, weak, evil).
Alternatively, this line may point to the fact that the one (or that which is) at the center of the matter at
hand is (like) a woman following her whims, unconcerned by long-term and/or fundamental issues,
and unwilling to take such considerations into account and act upon them (taking responsibility and
follow-up on it in an appropriate way, not just for "good looks"). Instead, this person will (try to) use
any excuse that isn't really well-founded, but which might give an appearance of legitimacy
(seriousness), and will (may) give a certain degree of emotional satisfaction on the short-term, but
which will necessarily have (relatively) bad results on the long-term.
For a superior one, if gentle pressure (on the other) is not enough to correct such a superficial attitude
to life, then the only peaceful way to deal with such a person (personality) is to let her do her own
findings (however much sadness this might cause, but which one may have to resign in), while
avoiding as much as possible being negatively impacted by it oneself. One should then only provide
guidance and/or help when asked for, to an appropriate and necessarily adapted degree.
The divine Creator would like everyone to have independence within limits. But here, the thighs are
following on the torso so closely that there is no room for independence. Hence, this situation is like
that of a man following the lead of his wife, or following rules and regulations too literally, without
exercising judgment regarding intentions and thereby being inflexible in thought and opinions.
Conversely, this situation is like that of a woman following the impulses from her body, without
interposing her own good judgment and control of it. Unless these persons amend their thoughts,
words, and deeds, they will have cause for regret.
This line may indicate that one may be led (motivated, and/or influenced) by procreation (pysical,
hormonal, and/or "ingrained" impulses, sexual or otherwise), or the way that this occurs (namely in a
way that is too dependent, and/or not reliable), which is not appropriate under the occurring
circumstances or for the matter at hand.
In a more general way, this line may hold the warning that a man (and/or a group of mature people)
should not follow the orders of (who, or what is as) a female (small, weak, receptive, passive). In
matters of minor (small) importance it can be acceptable (if any measurement of strength will be
reasonably balanced), but even then there will be a (higher) risk of things going awry, things not being
reliable, and/or with detrimental effects.
The reasons why this is a fact of life are to be found in the very nature of yin and yang. The one can
not be the other, even if there are many shades of grey.
Thus, here, a good (or better and more appropriate) leadership (and/or leading principle), and a good
(better, more appropriate) moral-code is called for.

Gathered sources: Every mood of the heart influences us to movement. What the heart desires, the
thighs run after without a moment's hesitation. They hold to the heart, which they follow. In the life of
man, however, acting on the spur of every caprice is wrong and if continued leads to humiliation.
Three considerations suggest themselves here. First, a man should not run precipitately after all the
persons whom he would like to influence, but must be able to hold back under certain circumstances.
As little should he yield immediately to every whim of those in whose service he stands. Finally, where
the moods of his own heart are concerned, he should never ignore the possibility of inhibition, for this
is the basis of human freedom.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will not be very independent, but will know when to advance
and when to stop. He will do well in a subordinate position of leadership, where the execution of the
promulgated policies and procedures is vital. In general, he will be free from major mistakes.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be good at planning, but his execution will leave much to
be desired. He will do well working for someone else, but will fail if he proceeds independently.
Strive for independence.
Think carefully. Do you want to follow someone else's ideas, or are your own better?

4
courtship, feeling oneself and/or the other) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body,
Influence (influencing, stimulating, courtship, feeling oneself and/or the other) is (was, might,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) confused and/or agitated ("warped", excited,
and/or affected) in the mind;
There is (was, might, or will be) movement and stiffening of the brain.
That is one of the ways of how the influence (or influencing) is showing itself, and how it will
be experienced.
Divination, anticipation and being persevering brings good fortune;

Regrets vanish if there is sincerity.
If one is confused and/or agitated ("warped", excited, and/or affected) in the mind, with ones
thoughts going in all (of any) directions, then, only those on whom one is fixing (stiffening)
ones awareness (and conscious thoughts) will be associating (will be friends, look, move,
react, and/or be willing to follow).
Only (die-hard) friends will waste their time on someone undecided (agitated in the mind, non-
constant, undedicated, not paying the required and/or appropriate attention)."
JLK: The heart is the place where all thought originates. If the feelings in ones heart are confused,
agitated, and/or unstable, so will ones thoughts be, and ones body will (at some point) act in ways
that are erroneous and/or uncertain.
Therefore, one must give the feelings in ones own heart, as well as in that of others, the importance
they deserve, and let them indicate the way one should follow, while making sure all is in accordance
with what is good (righteous), and relax ones feelings such as to calm down ones heart.
Conversely, to know about the direction where things (concerning the matter at hand) are (were,
might, or will be) going, observe and assess the feelings in the hearts of all those involved. One can
know about these by observing the actions of those involved: most often, action speaks louder than
words. What do the actions of a person (or occurrence) say about his/her feelings? What not? What
does this say about what can be expected? What is the right feeling to hold in ones (own) heart for
the matter at hand, and can it (still) be done?
Under the occurring circumstances, the one (or those) at the center of the matter at hand, is (are)
showing agitation in the mind, i.e. as originating in the heart.
With great sincerity, things can be made to calm down (emotionally and/or intellectually) and put on
the right track. Otherwise, nothing particularly good or successful can come from the matter at hand.
Conversely and/or alternatively, the matter at hand may show that one is far from confused ("warped",
excited, and/or affected), but still, one is (was, might, or will be) influencing others in a way that is
confused, or difficult to understand. If this is good or bad will depend on other indications, such as
other strong lines and the future hexagram.

Gathered sources: Great indecisiveness is (was, might, or will be) occurring, which indicates that one
is not exactly acting in the most brilliant and brightest of ways.
If there is sincerity, regrets vanish, as one has not stimulated any person into any harm or injury, or
moved towards this. One might appreciate, that there might still be a hidden purpose.
Here the place of the heart is reached. The impulse that springs from this source is the most
important of all. It is of particular concern that this influence be constant and good. Then, in spite of
the danger arising from the great susceptibility of the human heart, there will be no cause for
remorse.
When the quiet power of a man's own character is at work, the effects produced are right. All those
who are receptive to the vibrations of such a spirit will then be influenced. Influence over others
should not express itself as a conscious and willed effort to manipulate them. Through practicing such
conscious incitement, one becomes wrought up and is exhausted by the eternal stress and strain.
Moreover, the effects produced are then limited to those on whom one's thoughts are consciously
fixed.
General comment
The external results one attains are the product of the inner self, i.e. the influence and actions
stemming from the heart. If these are correct they stimulate all, impartially. However, if one pursues
narrow goals only those on whom one mentally concentrates will follow (by telepathic stimulation).
~ Profile
These persons will, on the whole, exert much influence on their surroundings, their associates and
their families. The quality of their endeavors will depend on their inner worth and the goals they set
themselves.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a person with lofty aims and definite goals, which he
will pursue with diligence and persistence. He will be flexible in mind yet firm in purpose, and will be
just and sincere, having no evil intentions. He will be a leader in a high position, establishing progress
and order to the satisfaction of a great many people. He will have a good and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be muddle-headed, and will taste the toil and hardships
of a normal struggle for existence. His influence will be local only, yet of value, since he is inwardly
striving for what is right and just.
Be sincere of heart.
Your influence is at its peak. Follow the dictates of your heart.

5
courtship, feeling oneself and/or the other) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through
(in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in, with) the way things are
managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus), and/or through
(in) the way one is nourishing (and/or taking nourishment).

advantage.
The influence (the stimulation, the wooing, the courtship) shows itself in the back of the neck
(the spine).
Appropriate energy in ones (the) spine (the back, and the lower part of the neck) means there
are (were, will be or should be) no regrets.
The influence showing itself in the spine indicates the will is (was, might, will, or should be)
directed towards the ramification (anticipation, balancing of odds)."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) not at the capacity, or enabled, to impose ones will
(that which is wished for), or ones (own) way of moving or doing things (the way one would like to).
One is (was, might, or will be) at risk of being influenced by, and/or (only) occupying oneself with
things that are insignificant, unimportant, inferior, and/or negative, thereby wasting valuable time,
and/or energy, which makes one move (or stiffen) the upper part of ones back (or the lower part of the
neck).
JLK: One is (was, might, or will be) influenced by the matter at hand, while trying to influence things in
a certain direction. This can be like a runner inclining his body to advance faster, or someone who is
ill (affected, weakened) having to bend the head to express himself, and/or to eat (take in
nourishment).
Instead of trying to influence, while being influenced oneself, one should focus on the implications
(accumulation of consequences, possible outcomes) of the matter at hand, and on straitening "the
spine" (the upper back), i.e. hold an upright, sincere, righteous attitude, with no second-thoughts.
Thus, in a simple, general way this line may hold the advice "not to bend the head" and/or (upper)
spine, but to "straighten up", look ahead and gently to the sides, to understand where one is (was,
might, will, or should be) going (and/or standing), to be dedicated and strong (since this is a yang
line).
This line may also offer the idea that by "looking straight ahead" (with awareness of the sides), and
following ones chosen course, one is manifesting (enforcing) ones intention (choice, and/or chosen
destiny. This amounts to following a chosen "synchronicity". If ones intentions are good (right) and
appropriately strong, things will be good. If they are bad (wrong) or too weak, things will be thus.
One may have to look for alternative solutions (and/or ways of doing things) for the matter at hand, if
there are. Doing so (and/or abandoning what is presently being considered) while remaining "upright",
may be the only right way to move on (forward) under the occurring circumstances.
To understand more about the powers at work, see the 5th line of hex 58, The Ocean (Wealth, the
Exchange). One must avoid trusting (and/or giving in to) those who (and/or the things that) could
bring injury. It's best to let things deteriorate (fall apart) "gracefully".

Gathered sources: At this time one may be keyed up and excited, resulting in energy, and tingling in
the spine (back, or lower neck). But all this is for the best.
Applying (focusing) ones energy in (what is as) the spine and lower neck correctly (adequately,
harmoniously, balanced) means that there will be no regrets.
General comment
The back of the neck is the most rigid part of the body. When the influence shows itself there, the will
remains firm and the influence does not lead to confusion. Hence regrets do not enter into
consideration here.
What takes place in the depths of ones being, in the unconscious, can neither be called forth nor
prevented by the conscious mind. It is true that if we cannot be influenced ourselves, we cannot
influence the outside world.
~ Profile
The muscles of the neck and shoulders exert little influence by themselves, but they protect the vital
spinal column and the associated nerves.
Likewise, these individuals may be found in such positions as treasurer, public accountant, quality
controller, or in any other position which helps protect the vital elements and communication networks
in government, business or industry.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have lofty aims and will carry them out with the support
and backing of his superiors. He will possess great fortitude and be quite imperturbable. He will
consider that he has a good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be narrow in vision and phlegmatic in action. He may use
his position for selfish purposes, and will have very little good fortune.
Support others carefully. Do not make them feel under obligations.
You should not try to influence others if you are not sure within yourself.

6
courtship, feeling oneself and/or the other) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (like) moving (or stiffening) the jaws (the cheeks,
and tongue) inappropriately.
One is (was, might, or will be) (as) talking too much (moving too much "wind", and/or causing
too much superficial interaction or turbulence).
That is one of the ways of how the influence (or influencing) is (was, might, or will be) showing
itself.
JLK: Therefore, the Great Man will refrain from using words (ways of organizing, systems)
where words are not necessary (or urgently required);
He will live in accordance with the laws of Heaven (the ruling principle), and therefore (also)
moderate the extent to which he pursues joy (pleasure), remaining disciplined, practical, and
on target with his goals and (ruling, Heavenly) principles."
JLK: There is (was, might, or will be) stiffening ("warped", an erratic or clumsy action or circumstance)
at the top of the head, at the jaws, and/or the mind, closely related to the 4th line where one is
agitated ("warped", excited, and/or affected) in the mind. This may lead to excessive and/or
uncontrolled movement with the jaws (in words, when speaking, and/or breathing).
Conversely, this line may hold the advice to avoid talking too much or too vainly (needlessly, with lack
of meaning or pertinence), and/or to avoid moving too much ("hot") air, and/or to keep ones mind
agile and open.
In other words: one should try to communicate (exchange) with others, while being courteous and
basing oneself on good (sound, mature) wisdom, and apply it with thoroughness.
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may hold the advice to live in accordance with the laws of
natural health (nature's law, the laws of the Universe).
Gathered sources: This line may hold the warning that one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be)
(as) opening the mouth wide open, (and/or) talking (too much), and/or is breathing (or smoking),
potentially moving (too) much air, and/or that one is (was, might, or will be) expressing oneself in
ways that are too pretentious (a lot of superficial and empty "hot air"), futile and/or useless; And/or
one is (was, might, or will be) moving (developing things) towards doing this.
The most superficial way of trying to influence others (or oneself) is through talk (words, or action)
that has nothing real behind it, or that is not substantially useful or efficient. The influence produced
by such mere tongue wagging (or vain action) must necessarily remain insignificant. Hence no
indication is added regarding good or bad fortune.
General comment
The possibilities of stimulation and influence through the tongue and the jaws range from the effect of
idle chatter to the revelation of what lies deep within one's inner self. The latter is usually of great and
lasting benefit, whereas the former may have no real worth, and may be seductive or erroneous.

~ Profile
In general, these persons will be loquacious, as well as being fluent writers. Their natural propensities
will be to try and influence others or stimulate them into actions through the use of words.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a deep thinker of dynamic personality, whose orations
and or writings will greatly influence people, nationally and internationally. He will be trusted and
respected at all stages in his life, and will be praised by the people. He will have a beneficial and
rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is likely to be dogmatic and pedagogic, stirring up the people
with ill-conceived ideas, many of which will be erroneous. He will bring troubles to others, and
probably disaster to himself.
Speak only with depth.
The influence of mere tongue-wagging is not very successful. Be sure that words are backed by real
worth, and that your position is tenable.

Hexagram 32, the Constancy (the Enduring, the Exception)
- Heng (Hêng)
The theme of this hexagram is the constant and enduring, as well as the constancy of change.
The Image says:
"the constancy; the enduring; the exception:
The thunder above the wind.

The thunder is accompanied by the wind;
Such an association (occurrence) can hold for a long time.
The superior one, in accordance to the circumstances, is (was, might, will, or should be) not
changing his direction or method of operation. He is (was, might, will, or should be) remaining
firm, persevering, anticipating, and doing the divination. Nothing can unbalance him.
JLK: The Great Man is constant (enduring) in his wisdom and the way he uses (follows, and/or
applies) it;
He will make sure to instruct all those who can receive his wisdom, and to make the others
(and/or things) follow it (and/or obey) in a way that is natural and unquestionable."
JLK: Hex. 32, the Constancy (the Enduring, the Exception), shows the thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences) roaring (agitating, shocking, moving things) high above the wind (the
wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice
system, banners, the experience). Sooner or later, the wind brings thunder, and the thunder will
produce more wind. Thus, the thunder is supported by, and accompanied by the wind.
Constancy (the enduring, the exception) will occur in (or closely be related to) a context of
resoluteness and/or an angry outburst, as described by inner hex. 43, the Resoluteness (the Angry
Outburst, the Settling of a Decision).
Gathered sources: The strong trigram Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences),
is above, the weak trigram Sun, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly
organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) below. This hexagram
is the reverse of the preceding one, hex. 31, the Influence (the Stimulation, the Courtship). In the
latter we have influence, here we have union as an enduring condition. The two images are thunder
and wind, which are likewise constantly paired phenomena. The lower trigram indicates gentleness
within, the upper indicates movement without.
Thunder rolls, and the wind blows. Both are examples of extreme mobility and so are seemingly the
very opposite of duration, but the laws governing their appearance and subsidence, their coming and
going, endure.
In the same way, the independence of the superior man is not based on rigidity and immobility of
character. He always keeps abreast of the time and changes with it. What endures is the unswerving
directive, the inner law of his being, which determines all action.

The superior one achieves changing the world, and the Universe, thanks to being firm, anticipating,
persevering, sincere, and constant in his virtues and lifestyle, noticing the influences, the changing
and the enduring through time, but without the influence, the change, or the endurance being
imposed, as this occurs as a natural phenomena and consequence of (past, present or future) events
and actions.
To be constant: enduring without getting stuck. A difficult matter.
JLK: If what occurs seems to be constant, then surely, (sooner or later, somehow) the opposite must
occur (and be true) as well: the exception. It is the exception which confirms that which is constant,
and, likewise, it is the constant which confirms what is an exception (extraordinary, or different).
This means there is (was, might, will, or should be) constancy in the extraordinary character of the
circumstances.
The Judgment says:
"Constancy, what is enduring, an exception:
The circumstances thus described indicate successful progress and no mistake; No error.
The advantage (the fortune) will come from being firm, persevering and correct;
Movement (moving, or taking action) in any direction (or way) whatsoever will be
advantageous.
It is good to envision a place to go to (to have an aim, a goal, or to envision an endeavor).
Try to possess (dominate, occupy, manage) as many fields (territory, regions, channels, or
ways) as possible.
JLK: Keeping constant, what has to stay so.

Making an exception if something is (might, or will be) staying inferior (small, weak, dark,
unclear, too receptive, evil).
Advantage from doing the divination, anticipating and being persevering, firm and correct.
Something different (and/or an exception) might occur when comes the time. Therefore, one
contemplates what is (or will be) the (occurring) answer: one must (should) not be annoyed by
what is advising in a technical, or riddling type of way, but contemplate (its constancy, and
endurance)."
JLK: This hexagram may indicate that one should ask the question if for the matter at hand it is (was,
might, or will be) favorable for things to continue the way they are (and remain the same), i.e.
constant (enduring). Sometimes this is good, sometimes it is bad. Sometimes things need to stay
constant for a while before they can change, sometimes change can't wait, and won't.
One has to ask the question if what shows to be constant for the matter at hand is good (right), or bad
(wrong). In the first case it is right to let things go on, in the second case (probably) not.
Thus, conversely and depending on the context this hexagram may indicate the occurrence of an
exception, an event and/or something that is not constant (enduring). In that case, the exception
occurs as a confirmation (proof, evidence) of what is (was, might, or will be) (otherwise) constant
(enduring).
Gathered sources: This hexagram denotes and indicates long continuance.
The strong trigram is above, and the weak one below. Thunder (arousal, shock, movement,

consequences) and wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the
organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) are together, in mutual
communication. They have the qualities of motive force and docility, activity combined with
friendliness (or correctness). The reciprocal sensitivity of the strong and the compliant, results in
constancy (or "that which will continue for a long time). Their strong and weak lines all respond, each
to the other: these things are all found in this hexagram.
The constancy (the endurance, the persevering) indicates successful progress, and no mistake (no
error) in what it denotes. The advantage will come from "being firm and correct": this indicates that
there must be long continuance in ones (or its) way of operation. The way of Heaven and earth is to
be long continued in their operation, without stopping.
The success, the avoiding of making any mistakes, and the reward (fortune) that is obtained by
pursuing a certain direction, all this means that one is (or will be) able to continue for a long time the
way one is doing things at present (under the occurring circumstances).
Movement "in any direction whatever will be advantageous": this implies that when the moving power
is spent, there will be a new beginning.
The sun and moon, realizing in themselves the course of Heaven, can perpetuate their shining. Their
trajectory is so long, that it seems endless. Likewise, the four seasons, by their changing and
transforming, can perpetuate (and make constant) their production (as long as that there will be
seasons).
The wise, sage, and holy ones persevere in their course, and all under the sky are transformed and
perfected.
When we look at what they continue doing during a long while (time, or period), the natural
tendencies of Heaven, earth, and all things become apparent.
Commentary
Here we have the eldest son, Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), the
upper trigram, leading the eldest daughter, Sun, the wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and
confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience),
the lower trigram. Zhen is firm and Sun is yielding. Thus they are in perfect harmony and equilibrium.
This signifies constancy and durability, like the motion of the Heavenly bodies of the Universe. Each
has its own orbit. Each exerts a constant degree of influence, and each sheds light according to its
strength. All exhibit a constancy throughout their existence. They perform their roles with ease, and
no error results from their actions.
~ Profile
Those born under this hexagram have the potential to manifest these qualities of the Heavenly bodies
through making progress in pursuit of their goals. Being human they will probably show weakness
and vacillation occasionally, but in the end they will arrive at whatever destination they have set for
themselves.
Those born in the first month [Februray - March] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: Constancy (the enduring, the exception) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
(and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are
doing things).
If one is (was, might, or will be) striving for (and/or wishing) constancy (what is enduring) too
hastily, this will result in misfortune. Such a course is not advantageous.
JLK: If one is (was, might, or will be) not striving for constancy too hastily, instead taking the
required time for things, being constant over time (a long period), there will be fortune. This
course will be advantageous.
To want constancy (continuance) too soon and too fast (too hastily), brings constant(ly) and
persistent misfortune.
It is not good to keep things constant (or to have to endure things) in a way that is without any
exception (constant, or going on endlessly, for a long time).
One may be at risk of being like one who, In order to continue ones existence (ones life), digs
what is (as) a hole in the ground (a pit). This type of persevering brings misfortune.
In that case even with firm correctness, or perseverance, there will be misfortune, which might
result in evil; Then there will be no advantage in any way."
JLK: Under the circumstances occurring for the matter at hand, this line may refer to the fact that one
is (was, might, or will be) deeply desirous of constancy (long continuance), and therefore not leaving
enough room (opportunity, possibilities) for what is irregular (non-constant, unpredictable) and/or that
the time (and/or conditions) for the constancy (in the way of doing things) that one is applying is not
(yet) right (i.e. it being too early). This may be the case for the one at the center of the matter at hand,
but may also concern an antagonist or other party that is involved.
Digging a hole means one will not be able to continue advancing. It may indicate a bad decision, or a
tactical error. Here, one digs (such) a hole in the hope of attaining ones objective(s). In that case one
chooses to be (as) "sinking into the ground" instead of moving around or away, which would make
one find new options and opportunities.
It may mean that one should not hold on to merely one position and/or option. One should be able to
move (around) and/or change.
Gathered sources: The "misfortune, which might result in evil" attached to "the deep desire for
constancy (long continuance)", arises from the deep seeking for it at the beginning (or early state) of
things.
Thus, there will be misfortune because one wants durability (constancy) from the (very) beginning,
which obstructs all wholesome (generally consistent or effective) solutions (or decisions), or a way to
this.
a) To want constancy too soon and too fast, brings constant misfortune.
b) The misfortune that comes from the wish for constancy, occurs because one wants too much too
soon, as in "from the outset".

c) Constant divination, misfortune. Anticipating too much too constantly will bring misfortune, because
one anticipates something that is not constant. One should look at what will be constant, or already is.
d) To dig or to penetrate too deeply too constantly (also) will certainly bring misfortune.
General comment
Those things in nature which are enduring develop gradually and consistently. Nothing which
develops quickly is durable. Consider, for instance, trees growing, in comparison with swamp plants.
Furthermore, if one tries to help things grow by stretching them, one soon destroys them. Only proper
cultural activities are beneficial.
~ Profile
Regrettably, most of these persons will strive for quick results by taking short cuts. These individuals
are likely to be egotistical, conceited, opinionated, and impetuous, and thereby, on the whole,
unable ,to make correct and proper evaluations.
Most auspicious (in the best case): A few will know how to judge actual situations and make
appropriate plans before taking action, and will therefore be able to achieve modest results and a
good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): Most will be too impetuous, and not content with their lives. They
will tend to act without due deliberation, and will encounter hindrances in whatever they try.
Do not seek lasting results hastily.
Do not be hasty. Allow things to develop according to their nature.

2
(and/or required) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate,
and/or regional).
Constancy (the enduring, the exception) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required)
in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately),
will be advantage.
All occasion for repentance, or regrets, disappears.
What occurs is (was, might, will, and/or should be) (as) an ability that is lasting."
JLK: One must determine if the one who (or that which) is at the center of the matter at hand is (was,
might, or will be) showing (proving) an ability that is lasting, that will endure, be constant, and stable.
Gathered sources: All "occasion for repentance or regrets" on the part of the subject of this line
disappears: one can abide long in the due mean. If there were regrets, they are now being
extinguished.
Also, that which is at the center of ones inquiry is (was, might, or will be) resulting in an ability
(capacity or potential) that is lasting ("constant").
All this means that it will be possible to stick to the middle (way).
The situation is (was, might, or will be) abnormal. The strength of (ones) character is (was, might, or
will be) stronger than the material power. One could fear therefore that one would be swept along into
something that would be beyond ones capacities. But, as it is the time of endurance (and constancy
changing) one will succeed to control the inner strength, so that all excess will be avoided, and that
regrets (occasion for repentance) will disappear.
~ Profile
This line is the ruler of the hexagram, and is a positive line leading a negative line. It is also supported
by its proper correlate, line 5. Therefore these persons are in leading positions and follow the golden
mean exemplifying constancy in all their actions. They base their decisions on sound evaluations
using good and wise judgment, and then pursue their aims, both great and small, with a praiseworthy
constancy that invariably achieves its purposes.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a noble and honored person, following the golden mean
and cherishing virtue and goodness. He will quickly turn away from erroneous paths and make his
reforms permanent. The results will be a blessing and a benefit to many, and he will have a long, rich
and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also have a beneficial life without misfortune, but on a
lower level or smaller scale. He will be honored locally, and have a good family life and adequate
means.

Follow the golden mean.
Following the golden mean will produce the results you want.
(and/or required) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones
occurring.
This shows one who is (was, might, or will be) not continuously maintaining his virtue.
There are those who will impute this to him as a disgrace.
One is (was, might, or will be) at risk of embarrassing oneself, bringing humiliation to oneself.
Going on (to continue pursuing) in such an embarrassing way would be regretful.
It is not good to continuously change ones way (of doing things).
In that case, however firm one may be, there will be ground for regret."
JLK: One can not be one thing and its opposite.
Depending on the context, this line may indicate that under the occurring circumstances one should
not attempt to do more than one thing (several, or too many things) at the same time, if any good
should come of it. Some things can't be combined at all! If one would persist in doing things that can't
(or should better not) be combined, one will be constant in neither, not maintaining the "virtue" it
should express. Pursuing such a course will (eventually) end in a situation where one will be
disgraceful towards those one is dealing with, and/or which will be humiliating (in one way or
another).
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may point to the fact that one is trying to do something in two
different ways that are incompatible with each other for the matter at hand.
The nature of the problems that occur here are described by hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly
Penetrating and Organizing), line 3, and has to do with (as engaging in) "penetrating violently and
repeatedly", and a need for what is yang (strong, male, creative).
Let one take the text of this line as a warning. Choose to be one thing, and let it be good, as
represented by the fact that this is a yang line in the 3rd position, the place of the ego and know-how.
Moving in a straight line to resolve ones isssues is required here, such as not to embarrass oneself,
and without unnecessary waste and/or loss (of means).
In some cases it might refer to a mental fight between opposing tendencies. The consideration should
be to give balance between these opposing tendencies, and let each be their own in reciprocal

harmony, without harm done to each, in reasonable balance. There must be firmness in avoiding
humiliating tendencies and embarrassment (it be towards/from oneself and/or others).
Gathered sources: One does not "continuously maintain ones virtue": nowhere will one be "borne
with".
To go on the way that it occurs at present, would be regretful, because (constantly) nobody could be
able to tolerate (support or endure) one.
If inwardly one is (was, might, or will be) going in all kinds of directions due to moods that are caused
by the outer world, one is (was, might, or will be) losing the straightness of ones character. Such lack
of stability in ones character brings constantly painful, and humiliating results. These humiliations will
not (necessarily) come from, or occur where one would expect it. Still, this may concern not so much
the mistakes of others, but more so the constitutional ("lawful") results of ones own nature.
In this context, someone who is always behaving badly will be better endured or tolerated than
someone who is behaving now virtuously, and then criminally (or lowly), and who thus does not allow
others to know what to expect and what to trust.
~ Profile
Weak-willed and vacillating individuals are depicted here. They are easily led by others, and change
their desires and goals frequently. To them the grass always seems greener on the other side, and
they live in day-dreams rather than reality. Prolonged activity of this sort leads nowhere, hence,
regrets result.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He is unable to hold what is right, and hence is constantly
criticized and jeered at. His life will be troubled.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be impervious to all that is good, and he will become
infamous.
Vacillations end in disaster.
Vacillation and inconsistency lead to humiliation and disgrace.

4
(and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones
Constancy (the enduring, the exception) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or
A field where there is (was, might, or will be) no game (no prey, and/or not the right prey).
Constancy (endurance, or perseverance) is (was, might, or will be) occurring, where there is
(was, might, or will be) no use for it."
JLK: One should not be hunting where there's nothing to be caught. Don't chase clouds (unless
clouds are what you're hunting).
Since this line is in the 4th place, it (also) represents the heart. It points to the necessity to detach
from chasing something merely in response to the impulses of the heart, without guidance from the
head. If the head is in control, and harmony reached (on all levels), then there need be no problem.
Alternatively and/or additionally to the general meaning of this line, it may mean that one is in a
position to point out (to others) and/or realize (for oneself) that under the occurring circumstances
there is no game to be had (won), whatever one does. Because things are warped and/or constant in
their non-constant and/or confused way(s).
The problems that occur are further described in line 4 of hex. 51, the Thunder (the Movement, the
Arousing), and have to do with mired and/or "muddy" thinking, or "making things muddy".
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) hunting (in pursuit of something) where there is
(was, might, or will be) no game (no results, no gains) to be acquired; And/or one is doing so the
wrong way.
How can someone who is at the wrong place, or doing things the wrong way continuously, ever hope
to acquire anything (genuinely) worthwhile at all? Going on for long in what is not ones (the) proper
place, how can one get (or obtain) game?
Likewise, someone in a position that is not suitable to (or in accordance with) his talents, or
circumstances (and condition), can never really become successful.
Here, persistence in ones search is not enough. What is not sought in the right way is not found.
General comment
One cannot find something which is not there to be found. If you want to make money, for example,
you must go to where the money is. If you want to go skiing, you must first go and find some snow.
~ Profile
These persons are fairly gifted in childhood, but their impracticality keeps them from advancing, and
they will possibly also lose whatever advantage they had. They are envious of their neighbors and try

to outdo them by wrong means. Their aims and purposes are invariably erroneous.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He may make money and obtain a favorable position by
uncommon means or skills, but his fortune will not last long.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a humble and mundane existence.
Search only where one's quarry can be found.
One cannot attain the unattainable, nor that which is not meant for one.
(and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words

advantage.
Constancy (endurance, or perseverance) should occur in accordance with ones nature and
position.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) continuously maintaining the virtue indicated by
it.
Such constancy brings fortune for someone who is small (a woman, the wife, one who is
receptive, and/or a servant);
For someone who is Great (the man, the husband, one who is active, and/or a ruler) this will
bring misfortune.
JLK: The Great man knows when to make an exception, while not continuing with it.
He knows what things will, and should remain small (weak, inferior, passive, dark, evil)."
JLK: Act in accordance with who and what you are, as found deep inside, and as a manifestation of
nature which must be in harmony with the laws of the universe, if any good should come from it.
However, for someone who is Great (the man, the husband, or one who is active) there can occur
times where he must explore alternatives that are not necessarily in accordance with his nature. It is
an exception in order to fulfill the task (duty) at hand, and something that should not be continued for
a long time (and/or constantly).
Alternatively, when dealing with what is small, this line may indicate one should expect more of what
one has experienced with it. When dealing with what is Great, one should expect exceptions. When
dealing with what is Great, and when there are no exceptions (in some shape or form), then one

should expect misfortune.
Still, one who is truly Great will know when and how to make an exception, therefore this line should
not be unfavorable if one is being sincere and righteous.
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (must, or should be) continuously maintaining the virtue
indicated by this hexagram: constancy, perseverance, and endurance.
Such "firm correctness" in a woman (the wife, the small) will be "fortunate": it is hers for the rest of life
to follow with an unchanged mind. The man (the husband, the Great) must decide what is right, and
lay down the rule accordingly: for him to follow (like) his (a) wife is (or would be) bringing misfortune,
which might result in evil.
Thus, for a woman (the wife, the receptive, the small) it is good to be soft (or to totally "accept" the will
of her husband). For a man (the husband, the creative, the Great), this is not (always) good. So, a
woman "follows" her husband (or creative purpose) her "entire" life, but a man (or a husband) should
preferably embark on a public type of endeavor (and be outgoing). If he follows and submits entirely
(to) the woman (the wife), he (or the couple) will draw upon him- (or themselves) disgrace as well as
humiliation.
Accordingly it is altogether right for a woman to hold conservatively to tradition, but a man must
always be flexible and adaptable and allow himself to be guided solely by what his duty requires of
him at the moment.
This means it is good for a man (or for what is Great, strong, creative and light) to be managing, to
decide, to enforce, to penetrate, and to work at maintaining this.
Divination is better becoming to the woman, or when one is in a position of "smallness", or
"receiving". Thus, this also means that it is good for the woman (or for what is small, weak and dark)
to listen, to follow, to be receptive and to be persevering at this.
Note that with this commentary, for "the man", "the Great", one can read "strong woman" (or creative,
firm), and vice versa for "the woman, "the small", one can read "weak man" (or receptive, open).
The occurrence of this line may hold the advice that while it's good to be accommodating, finding
accordance and/or honoring tradition or ones established methods, one should not let this obstruct
ones obligations (necessary tasks).
General comment
The symbolism is that it is right for a wife to follow the lead of her husband through thick and thin, and
brings good fortune to the couple. Conversely, such action on the part of the man, i.e. being an
unquestioning follower, an obsequious person or a yes-man, is the wrong procedure to follow for a
successful life. To advance this man must be an independent thinker, adjusting to changing
circumstances and always ready to take action according to the dictates of the situation, yet keeping
his goals constantly in sight.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will receive help from his wife or a female member of his family
which will enable him to establish himself in a moderately good position and circumstances.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will let others assume authority and hence will never attain
any substantial responsibility. He will not be able to make adequate plans, and those that he does
make will never materialize or are of no real importance. He is likely to have a nagging, shrewish wife.

The creative must lead for success.
Be creative and lead in a superior manner. Constantly following leads only to misfortune.
(and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's
law).
A constancy of nervous agitation results in misfortune."
JLK: Here, being impatient and/or easily upset, is inappropriate. One should not give in to such
impatience oneself, nor accept it from others.
Alternatively and/or additionally, the "nervous agitation" may be the result of indecision, as a
consequence of (or associated with) misdirection, confusion, and/or lack of constancy in what one
uses as reference(s) to guide by. It may also point to deliberate agitation, to stir things up and/or
break up what is constant and/or cohesive/coherant, which under the circumstances is (was, might, or
will be) inappropriate and will result in misfortune.
Gathered sources: This line reflects the most extreme state of impatience and agitated behavior. This
person cannot wait for a natural sequence of events to take place, and is constantly striving for hasty
culminations and foreknowledge of final results instead of relying on proper analysis, good judgment
and experience.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be wise and strong enough to curb and overcome his
natural propensity towards recklessness and agitation. He will control his impatience to within due
limits, and the result will be an average life with few troubles.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be unable to curb his eagerness and recklessness. He
will try to do some good occasionally but, on the whole, will accomplish little. Sometimes he will
display unseemly behavior and as a result have trouble with his superiors.
Indecisiveness is dangerous.
Indecisiveness, especially in a position of authority, will result in nothing worthwhile being

accomplished. Sometimes even a wrong decision resulting in some action is better than no decision

at all.

Hexagram 33, Withdrawing (Retiring, Obscuring)
- Dun (Tun)
The theme of this hexagram is withdrawing, retiring and/or obscuring oneself or something from the
view, or otherwise, and how or why this occurs.
The Image says:
"the withdrawing; retirement; retiring; obscuring; to hide; the hidden; taking a distance;
the hermit:
Under the Heaven (the sky) lies the mountain.

Below Heaven lies what is immobile.
Heaven and light have an upward energy while the mountain stays immobile.
The light moves away of what is rested, or has been stacked up
The superior one keeps the vulgar, small, inferior and inconsiderate at a distance, covering,
obscuring, hiding, withdrawing without anger, (but) appropriately. Not by showing that he
hates them, but by his own dignified gravity.
Thus, he avoids having to show his disapproval, avoiding to be compromising his dignity.
JLK: The Great Man will know what is hidden, when it's right to hide (withdraw), and why."
JLK: Hex. 33, Withdrawing (Retiring, Obscuring), shows the image of the light (Heaven, the creative,
active, Great, strong, right, loving) occurring high above the mountain (the immobile, what is rested,
what is stacked up and grown tough, information). The light moves upwards, while the mountain
moves downwards. It shows how the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, loving)
withdraws from what is stacked up and grown tough (the mountain, what is stilled).
Withdrawal (retiring, obscuring) occurs after there has been an encounter, the conditions and
circumstances of which are described by inner hex. 44, Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching
Relationship).
Gathered sources: The power of the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male,
loving) is ascending. The light retreats to security, so that that which is dark, stacked up and grown
tough as a mountain, cannot encroach upon it. This retreat is a matter not of man's will but of natural
law. Therefore in this case withdrawal is proper. It is the correct way to behave in order not to exhaust
ones forces.
In the calendar this hexagram is linked with the sixth month [July - August], in which the forces of
winter are already showing their influence.
The image shows how the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown
tough, information) rises up under Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male,
loving), but owing to its nature it finally comes to a stop. Heaven on the other hand retreats upward,
before it moves into the distance and remains out of reach.
This symbolizes the behavior of the superior one toward the climbing (hierarchy ascending) inferior:

he retreats into his own thoughts as the inferior one comes forward. He does not hate him, for hatred
is a form of subjective involvement by which we are bound to the hated object. The superior one
shows strength (Heaven) in that he brings the inferior man to a standstill (mountain) by his dignified
reserve.
Thus, the superior one, in accordance with these circumstances, keeps small or vulgar men and
circumstances, at a distance, not by showing that he hates them, but by his own dignified
seriousness, gravity, and way of behavior.
Keeping the inferior at a distance: avoiding that things will be stacked up (immobilized, pushed
around, or growing tough) in an inferior (small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, yielding, or
open) way. The creative capacity of this radiates unto everything (as) from a high and superior
position.
The withdrawal is obscured or hidden. This means something is obscuring or hiding (this may be the
case for oneself).
The Judgment says:
"Withdrawing, retiring, obscuring, hiding, being hidden, taking a distance, like a hermit:
These circumstances indicate successful progress.
There is fortune in firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination related to
small things.
The little pig eating up to gain weight; Success.

It is better to withdraw a little bit than to proceed entirely onto what one doesn't know."
JLK: Hex. 33 is the reverse of hex. 34, the Great Use of Strength (Upholding Great Strength,
Solidifying). If one can not hold ones position and/or strength, then ones only option is to withdraw,
adapt ones degree of involvement, and/or find alternative ways to manifest ones strength (creativity,
activity, light, love).
Gathered sources: Like a little pig staying in its corner-box, eating up in order to get fat, peacefully
and undisturbed, this situation can depict a person living in modest conditions (either spiritually,
materially, physically, or other), like a hermit, who should stay where he or she is, in order to (re-) gain
strength. The situation is positive, even if the subject is held in place or immobile against its will.
Thus, the situation is one of conflict and subsequent seclusion, or limitation. One is withdrawing or
retiring from ones affairs at hand, as to conceal oneself in obscurity.
It is (was, might, or will be) not right to use Great strength, nor restraint. It is (was, might, or will be)
better to turn the situation "into" one of Great strength, thanks to the - partial - withdrawal, or retiring,
refraining from a "small, or "vulgar" action which one might be envisioning), correcting and healing.
"There is fortune in firmness ... related to small things" indicates that by anticipating on matters
related to "small things" there will be fortune.
The withdrawal, here, indicates "successful progress": that there is such progress in the very retiring
and withdrawal that it denotes.
Success lies precisely in the right timing of the withdrawal and in the way it is done. Therefore, during
the period of the withdrawal one contemplates the importance and influence of time and timing (of it).

Commentary
The symbolism is derived from the motion of the two trigrams and the nature of the inner hexagram.
The trigram Qian, depicting the light, the Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right,
male, loving), which moves upward, is over the trigram Gen, the mountain (the immobile, what is
rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information), which stands still.
The inner hexagram, hex. 44, Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching Relationship), shows a
return of small (vulgar) matters.
The Chinese set great store by being wise like Qian, the light, and also by retiring from difficult and
inflexible situations like Ken, the mountain, whereby through their silence or lack of contact both
parties can save face.
~ Profile
The meaning of such actions is well understood by the persons concerned, and the key to success is
the wisdom with which the right moment for retirement is chosen and implemented.
Persons exhibiting these traits can be found in all walks of life and at all levels. These persons will
have a natural propensity for or the potential to, retire intuitively when in straits, sometimes to
regather strength and subsequently renew the struggle, and at other times they will make the
withdrawal permanent. Their actions constitute wisdom and not cowardliness.
Naturally some cowardice will be found in less auspicious persons and sometimes their withdrawals
are endeavors for personal gain rather than for the over-all good of the situation. Strength of will and
character are needed as well as wisdom in order to use the retirement propitiously.
Lines
"JLK: Withdrawing (retiring, obscuring, hiding, the hidden) is (was, might, will, or should be)
of doing things).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) withdrawing (retiring, obscuring, hiding, the
hidden) at (in, with, for) the tail (at the end, the rear): This is where (when) the position is (or
becomes) dangerous (and/or leading to danger, difficulties, the incalculable, the memory).
If one undertakes nothing while exposed to the danger, what misfortune could befall one?
No goals should be sought"
Gathered sources: The danger (peril, or difficulties) of the position (of the person this line describes)
is related to (the ending phase of) withdrawal, and/or what is hidden (and/or unknown) at the end of
something.
But if one undertakes nothing (and/or if one does not go on til the end, and/or until things end), what
disaster can there be?

The "hiding (and/or withdrawing) at the tail", also indicates that the persons to whom this line applies
should be trying to obtain clarity about how to reach "the end of things", and/or where at the end there
is (will, might, or can be) danger (and therefore, that under the circumstances one should not move,
but look for stability, or achieve control over "the end", the tail, or the completion of things).
The advice to seek "no goals" concerns external goals.
JLK: Depending on the matter at hand, the "tail" may (also) have to be understood as a metaphor for
the male sexual organ, while "rear" may refer to the (an) organ (or instrument) used for evacuating
garbage. Here, taking action related to these will bring danger and/or difficulties.
The way to deal with, or altogether avoid the danger, is described by hex. 52, The Mountain (The
Immobilizing), line 1. The times call for "keeping the toes still" and "taking roots".
General comment
This line is the foot of the mountain and at the tail end of retirement.
The time and position are not right for any advancement, hence goals should not be sought
(externally). Being at the tail is obviously a dangerous position in any withdrawal.
In addition, the base of the mountain is solid and stodgy.
The two symbols combined imply a certain lack of wisdom, judgment and dynamic energy.
~ Profile
For the most part, too, these persons will let others do the leading.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have hardships early in life, but will enjoy a good and easy
life later. He will start in a humble position, but subsequently will attain and enjoy a respected position.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be full of fears and worry all the time, and have many
hardships. He will be unable to establish himself well, even if appropriately helped by others.
Patience and calmness are virtues.
Remain calm and do not try to do anything at this time.

2
"JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) withdrawing (retiring, obscuring,
hiding, the hidden) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate,
and/or regional).
Withdrawing (retiring, obscuring, hiding, the hidden) is (was, might, will, or should be)
occurring (and/or required) in (by, through, with) the way of (or at the the level of) managing
If it is (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed), and/or alert, the results will be good, and there
will be advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) holding (it) fast; (As) with yellow cowhide (a piece of
skin).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) holding on to ones purpose (as if) by a
thong (a skin, or a belt) made of the hide (skin) of a yellow ox, which cannot be broken (not by
anything).
This means the will is (was, might, will, or should be) firm."
JLK: Here, if one is holding on to what is higher (great, good, creative, loving), in a superior (strong)
way, then this is right under the occurring circumstances.
Conversely this line may indicate that one should question what (the) one (or those) (at the center of
the matter at hand) is (are) holding unto, and if it is indeed higher (great, good, creative, loving), in a
superior (strong, loving) way.
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) holding "it" as by "a thong (or a belt)
made of the hide (the skin) of a yellow ox": ones purpose is (was, might, or will be) firm, and ones will
strong.
Yellow is the color of the middle. It indicates that which is correct and in line with duty. Ox-hide is
strong and not to be torn.
While the superior man retreats and the inferior presses after him, the inferior man represented here
holds on so firmly and tightly to the superior man (and/or superior principle) that the latter cannot
shake him off. And because he is in quest of what is right and so strong in purpose, he reaches his
goal.
Thus the line confirms what is said in the judgment: "There is fortune in firmness, perseverance,
anticipation, and doing the divination related to small things". Here, the latter stand for "the inferior
man", or for small or "minor" things and/or issues. In other words: it will bring luck to foresee by all
means the consequences of small (evil, weak, passive, female) people's actions, meanness, as well
as the consequences of small (minor, weak, bad, unclear, or evil) things (people, actions, or ideas) in
general.
~ Profile
This person is like the center of the mountain, which cannot be torn apart by men. Line 2 is a Yin line,
holding fast to its correlate line 5, a Yang line. Both lines are in their proper places, and strong in their
own way.

Small individuals are indicated, who look up to some live person as their idol or guide, or admire and
use the biography of some famous individual as a model. Once their minds are made up their beliefs
are strong and unshakable. Those amongst them who are wise, diligent, analytical and discerning will
benefit greatly from such strength of mind, and at the same time they will be flexible in adjusting
readily to new conditions.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be full of virtues and will follow the golden mean. He will be
unshakable in his purposes, and will choose his associates carefully, staying away from inferiors. He
will attain a good administrative position at a national or local level.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be lazy and undiscerning. He will select the wrong
characteristics of his superiors and predecessors to emulate, and his accomplishments will be few.
Cooperate with those both above and below.
Hold firmly to all that is superior, even though inferior elements are pressing forward. Be persevering.

3
"JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) withdrawing (retiring, obscuring, hiding, the
hidden) in (at, with, for) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues
Withdrawing (retiring, or hiding) while bound (tied) to ones distress (difficulties, or danger).
Withdrawing (retiring, or hiding) and/or going on like this (and/or with force) results in all sort
of trouble; But if one would (or will) deal with the (occurring) bonds (the ties, or that which is
holding or binding) as when dealing with (or nourishing) (what is like) a servant (a concubine,
a cow, or cattle) this could be bringing fortune."
Gathered sources: The difficulties, here, are those that occur (like) when one is overly tired and/or
under stress (suffering difficulties).
The stresses, frustration, perils (dangers), ills, and misfortune connected (bound) to withdrawing,
(retiring, hiding - from something, or into, or towards something - retaining, or withholding), are (in
reality) caused by a continuous, consequential and hidden distress and/or exhaustion.
That which is below, like a mountain, stacked up, stilled, or pushed around, receives an exhausting
pressure due to the gravity (or weight) of what is light (Great, creative, strong, straight, flexible, or
filling).
If one (who is at the center of what is occurring) would deal with what is binding (ones bonds, ties,
relations, or "that which is holding") as with (or alike) a servant (a concubine, or ones cattle, livestock)
this would be advantageous - yes, but a Great affair can not (continuously) be dealt with in this way.
JLK: Thus, this line may indicate (amongst other things) that one must take into account that servants
can only provide for what one is asking of them, up to certain limits, beyond which exhaustion and/or
other forms of degradation will occur.
Alternatively and/or additionally, one may try, and be able to reach a compromise with the forces at
work, such as to keep (or assure) ones freedom (in ones actions, and thinking).
Gathered sources: This is not a time to look for (or expect) help, although some unexpected help can
occur (or be "encountered").
On the other hand, this line may hold the advice to give special attention and care to those who are
(or that which is) (like) servants (those working in the background, a concubine, a cow, and/or cattle),
but without overdoing things.
JLK: Since this is the 3rd line of this hexagram, one has to address potential problems related to the
ego, a period of transition (change), and/or practical know-how.

General comment
The symbolism of this line stems from the hexagram as a whole retiring (from the bottom to the top),
and this being the first Yang line, supported and urged forward by the two Yin lines below, while
having strong Yang lines above it.
~ Profile
Average individuals are indicated but ones who have the weakness of "hiding behind their mother's
skirts" or letting someone else protect them, being unable to stand up and defend themselves
adequately on their own. However, helping those below them will prove especially beneficial and
bring good fortune.
Most auspicious: He will be a clever man, who retreats to avoid troubles and dangers. He will
probably be helped frequently by a female (perhaps a member of his family) or by those dependent
on him. He will not be very dependable when the going is rough, but he will try to help others
occasionally, with moderate success.
Least auspicious: He will be absorbed in trying to live a life of ease, liking to associate with, and
frequently supported by, females. He will not adhere to accepted standards, and although he will
express some consideration for others, he will not be very effective.
Renew your courage as and when necessary.
Change your attitude. You appear to be bound and held back by your own thinking. A way out is
available.

4
hidden) in (at, with, for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones
emotions).
Withdrawing (retiring, obscuring, hiding, the hidden) is (was, might, or will be) occurring
(and/or required) in (by, with, through) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the
reliability).
Voluntary renouncement (withdrawal, retirement, hiding, and/or diminishing)

Good fortune for the superior one (for who is Great).
This diminishes what is inferior.
Renouncing (withdrawing, retiring, hiding, and/or diminishing) voluntarily brings good fortune
for who is Great, while it brings misfortune for the one who is small.
If one is small one can not attain to voluntarily renouncement (withdrawal, retirement, hiding,
and/or diminishing); Nor can or will one be able to sustain it."
JLK: The comment for this line uses the term "renouncement" instead of "withdrawal". It suggests a
withdrawal that goes one step further, being an actual abandon of what is at the center of the matter
at hand, a detachment.
Since this is the 4th line, the place of the heart, the renouncement is felt there. If one is Great, this will
bring good fortune. If one is small, one can not attain nor sustain the renouncement that is necessary
here.
Gathered sources: What is superior is (was, might, will, or should be) renouncing (or is withdrawing,
or diminishing something), in order to achieve what is superior. What is inferior, vulgar, or small, can
not achieve this, nor attain to this.
In retreating (hiding, diminishing, renouncing, or losing) the superior one is (was, might, or will be)
intent on taking his departure (hiding, diminishment, renunciation, or loss) willingly and in all
friendliness. He easily adjusts his mind to retreat (hiding, diminishment, renunciation, or loss),
because in retreating (hiding, diminishing, renouncing, or loosing) he does not have to do violence to
his convictions.
The only one who suffers is the inferior one from who he retreats, who will degenerate when deprived
of the guidance of the superior man.
[Also see general coda note to line 6]
General comment
Here in the position of the minister (the fourth line) retreating and withdrawing from situations is a
matter of sound judgment, with the interests of the ruler and the people in mind. Acquiescing in such
circumstances while maintaining the dignity and poise befitting one's station, brings good fortune.
~ Profile
These knowledgeable and experienced persons will present their points of view in a superior

manner, and once a firm decision has been made, will carry out that decision in a distinguished way,
from which good fortune comes.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of high ideals, of broad vision and eminent
ability, starting on his chosen career early in life, and advancing rapidly and courageously by his
merit. He will keep away from unnecessary difficulties and disasters, and will have a long and good
life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be in a low position, and be obsequious and sycophantic.
His abilities will be poor. He may become disgusted over his failure to advance, and retire from
worldly activity and vegetate.
Cast out all that is inferior.
When you are no longer bound by inferior elements you can make your own decisions.
hidden) in (at, with, for) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions,
nourishment).

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) withdrawing (retiring, obscuring, hiding,
the hidden) in an admirable (friendly, courteous, polite, and/or controlled) way, when the time
is right.
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and divination will bring good fortune because thereby
the correct choice (decision) is (was, might, or will be) made, (coming about) correctly and
adequately, in, as well as through time."
JLK: Here, one is (was, might, will, or should be) withdrawing, yet this is not on ones own initiative,
but a consequence and logical conclusion of how things have been evolving (developing). One is
(was, might, will, or should be) renouncing to what is at the center of the matter at hand, as from the
position of an executive officer. This can (and should) be done in an "admirable" (friendly, courteous,
polite, and/or controlled) way.
Conversely, this line may call one to inquire if what is at the center of the matter at hand is showing
such an "admirable" (friendly, courteous, polite, and/or controlled) withdrawal, and/or if a (timely)
withdrawal can actually be done at all.
Thus, depending on the context, one may have the wish to withdraw, yet at the same time one may

not have the capacity to do so, or do this in an "admirable" (friendly, courteous, polite, and/or
controlled) way. In that case there is no (real) advantage.
Alternatively, this line may hold the advice to wait until (and/or decide when) the matter at hand
reaches a natural conclusion (end), and then withdraw (retire).
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) withdrawing, retiring, or hiding
in an admirable (and/or friendly) way. With firm correctness there will be good fortune: due to the
correctness of ones purpose.
It is the business of the superior one to recognize in time that the moment for retreat has come,
and/or to recognize when is the right time for retreat. If the right moment is chosen, the retreat can be
carried out within the forms of perfect friendliness, without the necessity of disagreeable discussions.
Yet, for all the observance of amenities, absolute firmness of decision is necessary if one is not to be
led astray by irrelevant considerations.
On the other hand, depending on the circumstances, withdrawing in a "friendly" (i.e. gentle, or
elegant) way may imply that it should not be immediate, but only when the time is right (without
unnecessary extra delays).
[Also see general coda note to line 6]
General comment
This is the position of the leader or ruler, who, according to the Chinese, should exemplify Heavenly
and spiritual qualities as well as worldly leadership. The meaning of this line is that a complete
withdrawal from worldly influences, in order to follow the will of Heaven, is praiseworthy, and that the
pursuit of such a course will bring good fortune and should therefore be continued.
~ Profile
These are persons who discern, or learn, that there is more to life than many surface appearances.
They study and learn the laws of Heaven and Earth within their capability, and apply them for the
benefit of themselves and others wherever they are.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man who upholds virtue, with high morals and correct
principles. He will turn away from waywardness to travel the right path, and his life will be an example
and a blessing to others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also follow a just and middle way, resulting in an easy yet
beneficial life. He will not be ambitious in a worldly sense, and he will not suffer hardships or insults.
Be an example of what is right.
You can now retire from a dangerous situation in an amiable way. Continue in what is right.

6
hidden) in (at, with, for) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
Withdrawing (retiring, or hiding) in a noble (honorable) way.

This is helpful. There is no longer any possibility of doubt.
It will be advantageous in every respect."
JLK: This may concern hiding ones riches, hiding the lack of riches, and/or hiding due to a lack of
riches or due to hidden riches. Withdrawing, retiring, and/or hiding is occurring in relation to riches
(the available means and resources).
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) withdrawing, retiring, or hiding
in a noble way, and ones doing so will be advantageous in every respect: one who does so has no
doubts about ones course.
The situation is unequivocal. Inner detachment has become an established fact, and we are at liberty
to depart. When one sees the way ahead this clearly, free of all doubt, a cheerful mood sets in, and
one chooses what is right, without further thought. Such a clear path ahead always leads to the good.
Ancient bone inscriptions give for this line the image of "riches concealed". Under the occurring
circumstances (concerning the issue at hand), this is what brings profit.
[Also see general coda note to line 6, below]
General comment
Here, at the top of the hexagram, the withdrawal is complete. All external impediments have been
discarded, and the right inner way has been found, from which external good comes by itself.
~ Profile
These persons will be found in many walks of life. They will know that rendering of service to others is
part of the will of the Creator, and they will not strive for gain with selfish or egotistical motives. Their
purpose will mainly be to help others, using their own capacities to the maximum.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be fortunate in all aspects of life, having good health, a
good position, and adequate wealth. He will follow the golden mean, and will not be concerned about
position or esteem, as these will come to him automatically. His decisions will always be sound and
beneficial.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also have a good life with ample remuneration. He will
have no special glory or achievements, yet no great difficulties either. He will be helpful to others.
Render maximum service without depleting oneself.

You have the wisdom to proceed correctly. The way is clear. Follow your intuition and what you know
to be right.
Coda note for all upper three lines (general):
In the last upper three lines of this hexagram, we have concealment (hiding, withdrawal) of goodness,
excellence, and riches. These hidden actions, accomplished with modesty, could certainly be qualities
of the superior one. Acts of generosity should not be done for public knowledge or boasted about.
This fits with Daoist practice, that power is in the non-doing and the hidden.

Hexagram 34, the Great Use of Strength (Upholding Great Strength, Solidifying)
- Da Zhuang (Ta Chuang)
The theme of this hexagram is the great use of strength or power and the way this strength or power
is used, or explicitly not used. Especially how much strength is used, or absent, and its
appropriateness is taken into consideration.
The Image says:
"the Great use of strength; upholding Great strength; the Great strength;
the Great one(s) using strength; the Great amount, or lack of strength;
the appropriate, or inappropriate use of Great strength; the power of the Great;
the Great power; the solidifying (of ones position):
The thunder high in Heaven.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) not acting in ways that are (were,
might, or will be) inferior, without due consideration, or without doing the right thing;
He is (was, might, will, or should be) not acting unless knowing it is right for one to use Great
strength, or on the contrary opposing to (using) it.
The Great Man will never act contrary to what is proper and righteous.
He will know when, and why Great strength is (was, might, will, or should be) used in an
appropriate way, and when not. He will know when the use of strength will be Great enough, or
(on the contrary) inadequate.
JLK: Ultimately (through time), the Great Man will serve what is Great (creative, active, right,
loving), and consequently Greater than himself.
There are no compromises to be made with who (what) is (truly) Great (strong, creative, right,
loving), unless who (what) is Great concedes to it well-willingly (to let goodness, strength,
and/or creativity have its way).
Thus, the inferior one (what is inferior) will have to give in accordingly, in accordance with
what is right (Great, strong, creative, loving)."
JLK: Hex. 34, the Great Use of Strength (Upholding Great Strength, Solidifying), shows the image of
the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) roaring high in Heaven (manifested through
what is light, creative, active, Great, strong, right, loving). This results in the idea of "Great use of
strength", and the restraint that is required for it, so that strength will be used in a way that is right and
appropriate, and not needlessly destructive.
Any Great use of strength (Great strength, solidifying) will be occurring in (or closely related to) a
context of resoluteness and/or an angry outburst, as described by inner hex. 43, the Resoluteness
(the Angry Outburst, the Settling of a Decision).
Another analogy for the thunder is the foot. The light is "Great" and "right". This describes the foot
finding support on something firm, on a high location or on something creative (active, strong, right,
filling). This means that (what is as) the foot is allowed (meant, or caused) to move around with
strength and with force, this can cause thunder.

The foot symbolizes that which supports, or ones way of moving. The image generally indicates that
one is moving, or meant (supposed) to move with Great strength, or not, depending on the
opportunity, and on this being appropriate, on ones will, and ones capacity.
This hexagram is associated with the image of a strong ridgepole like that of a big house, that is
capable to withstand the impact of rain and wind. This hexagram may point to the necessity to
question if the occurring strength is (or will be) adequate, or inadequate.
Gathered sources: The great lines, that is, the yang, strong lines, are powerful. Four yang lines have
entered the hexagram from below and are about to ascend higher. The upper trigram is the thunder
(arousal, shock, movement, consequences). The lower trigram is the light (Heaven, the creative,
active, Great, strong, right, male, loving). The light is strong, the thunder produces movement. The
union of movement and strength gives the meaning of "the Great use of strength".
This hexagram is linked with the second month [March - April].
JLK: "Great use of strength" may either result in things being set in motion, and/or solidifying of ones
position. This can be good or bad, depending on the context.
The Judgment says:
"Great use of strength, upholding Great strength, Great amount or lack of strength,
appropriate or inappropriate use of Great strength, solidifying of ones position:
Under these conditions, it is advantageous to be firm and correct; But there is smallness on
top: two yin lines, like two mice on top of an ox. If one lets smallness direct ones strength,
there can be no advantage.
There is profit in the divination, anticipation, and in being persevering;

This means that at the end, all comes naturally.
Thus, the superior one shall not behave in the way of those that befall to uncontrolled, and
inconsiderate anger (evil, inferior and/or corrupt behavior and/or practices).
The shock (the thunder, the arousing, or awakening) brings out the light;
It displays the reasons for behaving in a responsible, and righteous way.
It is good (advantageous) to continue, and to be persevering in what is right."
JLK: Hex. 34 is the reverse of hex. 33, Withdrawing (Retiring, Obscuring). It is Great strength and the
(correct, rightful) use of it that allow one to hold ones position, to manifest (show, enforce, and/or re-
enforce) ones strength (creativity, activity, light, love), and not be forced to withdraw (and/or leave
ones position) in ways that are not in accordance with persevering in what is right and successful.
All success can be compromised, as illustrated by the two yin line at the top, like two mice on an ox
(or buffalo). That's why it is not only necessary to be strong, but also Ultimately important to be right
and enduring, always acting in accordance with Heaven's law (the ruling principle).
Every action has consequences, as symbolized by the thunder trigram at the top. The idea of using
Great strength correctly, is similar to that of the necessity to be innocent, as described by hex. 25, the
Innocence (the Spontaneous, the Unexpected and Surprising), which shows the same trigrams as
those of hex. 34, in reversed positions.
Gathered sources: In this hexagram we see that which is Great, becoming strong. We have the lower
trigram (representing the interior, or lower level), the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong,

right, male, loving), denoting strength, and directing the upper trigram (representing the exterior, or
higher level), denoting movement. Hence the whole hexagram is expressive of vigor.
The hexagram points to a time when inner worth amounts with great force and comes to power. But
its strength has already passed beyond the median line, hence there is danger that one may rely
entirely on ones own power and forget to ask (pursue) what is right.
There is danger too that, being intent on movement, we may not wait for the right time. Therefore the
added statement that "perseverance in what is right" is advantageous. For that is truly great power
which does not degenerate into mere force but remains inwardly united with the fundamental
principles of right and of justice. When we understand this point - namely, that greatness and justice
must be indissolubly united - we understand the true meaning of all that happens in Heaven and on
earth.
"Great output of strength: under (the consideration of) these conditions, it is advantageous to be firm
and correct. But there is smallness on top: two yin lines (like two mice)": that which is Great should be
correct. Given correctness and Greatness in the highest degree, the character and tendencies of
Heaven and earth can be seen.
JLK: Thus, "Great output of strength" also indicates one should not "split", "break", or "destroy with
Great strength", that which does not need to be destroyed, unless, as when constructing something,
breaking through in order to be renewing.
Conversely, this hexagram may indicate a notable absence of "Great output of strength". This would
be like the "solidifying" of a certain position (status) of strength, but without any (genuinely)
constructive (positive) results, and with possibly needlessly destructive results. Depending on the
context, this will be significant and contain the answers one is looking for. If what occurs does not
serve what is good, then it amounts to Great (gross) negligence.
"Upholding strength", "Great output of strength", absence of "Great output of strength", solidifying or
breaking-up can all occur at the same time, viewed from different angles.
Commentary
Gathered sources: The great lines, that is the light, yang, strong lines, are powerful. In this hexagram
four light (strong) lines have entered the hexagram from below and are about to ascend higher. The
upper trigram is Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), which also represents
the energy of spring. The lower is Qian, the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right,
male, loving). Qian is strong, Zhen produces movement while being in the realm of Heaven (as it is
the upper trigram). This produces great strength. The union of movement and strength is what gives
the meaning of Great Use of Strength (Upholding Great Strength, Solidifying).
Great Use of Strength (Upholding Great Strength, Solidifying) is also depicted in the four strong Yang
lines rising and about to replace the upper two Yin lines. In its visual appearance the hexagram is like
a ram, with the four Yang lines being the body and the two Yin lines the horns.
Strength is the main aspect depicted here. This must be coupled with wisdom to be appropriate and
beneficial. Hence the statement that persistence in what is right is advantageous. As will be noted in
the commentaries on the individual lines, the degree of auspiciousness is determined by how the
power is used.
~ Profile
Some of these individuals will be stubborn to an obnoxious degree. Others will merely be adamant in
what they think is right. Many will demonstrate their power as persistence in attaining objectives,
regardless of whether the objective is right or wrong. A few will use their strength for improving

themselves, while even fewer will use it for the benefit of others. The power referred to here is
primarily an inner strength, although physical strength and vitality are indicated too.
Those born in the second month [March - April] will be the most auspicious.
Those born in other months when thunder occurs, i.e. the second through the eighth month [March -
September], will also be auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: Great use of strength (upholding Great strength, appropriate or inappropriate use of
Great strength, solidifying of ones position) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
doing things).
There is (was, might, or will be) strength in the toes (at/in the beginning, and/or at/in what is
low);
Continuing or trying to advance like this (as is or was considered) brings misfortune and
failure.
But the confidence (trust) remains."
Gathered sources: The toes are in the lowest place and ready to advance. So likewise great power in
a lowly position is inclined to try and obtain results by force. Here, the warning is that if at this stage
such an approach is carried further, it would certainly lead to misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) manifesting ones vigor (strength) in ones toes (at/in
the beginning, or at/in what is low): this will certainly lead to exhaustion.
The confidence (trust) that is symbolized by the strength (manifested) in the toes (at/in the beginning,
or at/in what is low) is (or may be) quickly exhausted and/or small (and/or of a lower or smaller level)
while reducing the vigor of the movement (to come, or arrive) may mean more of it will remain.
Also, movement, i.e. strength occurring (as) "in the toes", at the beginning, "early" (or in "the
earliness" of things, and/or when young), i.e. too fast, and/or at/in what is low or inferior, will lead to
misfortune, which might result in evil.
Still, confidence and trust stay (remain).
General comment
A man's forward movement commences in the toes. This line is somewhat similar to the first line of
hex. 31, the Influence (the Stimulation). There the dominant trait is influence, while here it is strength.
In this lowest position, the strength is likely to be used without adequate preparations, and results in
rashness and brashness. To try to advance under such circumstances would lead to misfortune.
~ Profile
While this line contains a warning by way of advice, these persons, however, also have the potential
for knowing their limitations, so the wise ones will wait for the most propitious occasions.

These persons are likely to be impetuous, headstrong, impulsive, adventurous, indiscreet, ardent and
fiery.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be wise and talented, with common sense and good
judgment. He will curb his impulses and wait for the right moment to act, and therefore will not
become involved in any serious trouble. He will protect his enterprises, family and possessions well.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will act rashly, without due preparations or consideration. He
will have many hardships, and end up being poor.
Rashness is dangerous.
Using too much power at the beginning of any enterprise is dangerous. Exercise care.
(and/or required) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate,
and/or regional).
Great use of strength (upholding Great strength, appropriate or inappropriate use of Great
strength, solidifying of ones position) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in
(by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately),
will be advantage.
Maintaining (and/or persisting in) a right course brings good fortune."
JLK: To follow the right course, one should navigate basing oneself only on what one knows and feels
to be (absolutely) right. Use your knowledge, as well as feelings and intuition.
This line might offer the statement: just go right to it!
Gathered sources: This line means exactly what it says. The person who follows a right course is
already inwardly correct. This is indicated by this being the central line in the trigram Qian, the light
(the creative, the strong), which also stands for Heaven.
~ Profile
The person depicted by this line naturally brings blessings and benefits to whatever he engages in.
Such persons are supported by Heaven and intuitively do what is right and best for the circumstances
in which they find themselves. The world is blessed by there being a few of such people wherever
one goes.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will follow the golden mean, and will know how to make
corrections and bring about reforms propitiously. He will be in a high and influential position,
benefiting a great number of people.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a firm and steady leader and administrator, but
on a local level. He will have a modest but good life.
A right course should always be followed, for advantages.
The influences are correct. Resistance begins to disappear.
(and/or required) (as) in (for, with, at) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones
occurring.
The inferior one uses all his strength; The superior one’s rule is not to do so.
Even being correct, the situation is dangerous.
Persistence in the use of strength now (or at the time of what is at the center of ones inquiry),
or not using enough of it adequately, would be serious, much like a ram butting against a
hedge and getting his horns entangled, and/or lacking the strength to free itself.
The small (bad, weak, small, or inferior) men (people, or occurrences) succeed in using
(applying) their power (only) when (under the occurring circumstances) the Great Man is
refraining from using his."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances one must carefully assess if one is using ones strength in the
right way, and/or in right amounts, considering the issue one is dealing with. Sometimes using
strength (at all) is right, sometimes not. Using too much strength is usually not right, but neither may it
be right to use too little strength, or none at all.
Here, what matters is to free oneself, as is the case for a ram with entangled horns: one must use
enough strength and it should be used in a highly agile manner. By using too much strength, the ram
could hurt itself or get into more trouble. Using too little strength, or using it in an awkward way (too
clumsily), will give similar bad, unwanted results.
Thus, if what is occurring shows an excessive (or wrong) use of strength, this line probably holds the
warning that this is not appropriate for the matter at hand.
If what is occurring shows a moderate (appropriate, well-aimed, and well-measured) use of strength,

this line may point to the fact that this is correct, even if there is (some) danger (difficulties,
incalculableness).
If what is occurring shows a lack of the use of strength by those who are Great (good, superior), this
line may point to the fact that some appropriate use of strength by them is necessary, or things will
turn for worse, with the inferior (the small, the weak, the dark, the female) gaining in power.
Gathered sources: Small men use all their strength. In the case of the superior one, it is his rule not to
do so.
On the other hand, here, if the superior one refrains from using his strength, i.e. if he does not use
enough of it, or if he doesn't use well measured restraint (i.e. unless one uses neither too much, nor
too little strength), then the small men (small, weak, or bad people, and/or occurrences) will get the
upper hand, making things get for the worse.
In the case of smallness (weakness, receptiveness, darkness, unclearness, openness, or female) the
use of strength leads to exhaustion. In the case of Greatness (creativity, strength, activity, fullness, or
male) there should be conscious self-restraint (avoiding unnecessary collision(s), or entanglement),
thus, not behaving like the ram butting against the fence, while at the same time applying an
appropriate amount of force to guarantee a good state of affairs.
(Restrained) strength that will (only) occur when it is (really) necessary, will be (only the more)
effective.
Going on if there is no real opportunity for it, or if this would only lead to (unpleasant) collision(s), is
pointless (even if, to the small, this may temporarily seem to satisfy ones "appetite", or "forward
drive", or energy).
Thus, the occurrence of this line may point (also) to the fact that small men (people, or occurrences)
are using (applying) their power (strength), and that the Great Man is (was, might, can, or will be)
running the risk of being troubled (or bothered) by it.
On the other hand, in some cases it may point to the fact that making a boast of power leads to
entanglements, just as a goat entangles its horns when it butts against a hedge. Whereas an inferior
man revels in power when he comes into possession of it, the superior man never makes this
mistake. He is conscious at all times of the danger of pushing ahead regardless of circumstances,
and therefore renounces in good time the empty display of force.
This line may therefore hold the warning not to foolishly display ones power (resources, strength, or
skill) unnecessarily, or without a significantly valid reason for it. One should not use force concerning
the issue at hand, except with thorough deliberation and good cause.
~ Profile
At the top of the trigram Qian, the mentally weak man is inclined to use all his power, without guiding
it judiciously, and the result is 'like a ram butting against a hedge and getting his horns entangled'.
The hexagram as a whole is symbolic of the ram, so here an inferior man is using every means, both
good and bad, to achieve his aims. Naturally a superior man does not act in such a manner. The
position of this line is such that the traits of the inferior man predominate.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a good man, but shallow with respect to worldly
conditions and his responsibilities regarding them. Therefore, for the most part, he will be unable to
handle matters in a productive and beneficial way, and will have many troubles.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be mentally weak and mean, frequently behaving in an
outrageous manner, sometimes violent, sometimes threatening. He will attempt to use intimidating

methods on others, and consequently will lose his friends, money and family.
Small-mindedness results in entanglements.
You may be trying to use too much strength for your position.
(and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones
Great use of strength (upholding Great strength, appropriate or inappropriate use of Great
strength, solidifying of ones position) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or
required) in (by, with, through) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister,
the negotiator, the confidant, the one who is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or reliability).
Firm correctness leads to good fortune, and occasion for regret disappears.
The hedge parts away and one is (was, might, will, or should be) free of entanglement (not
stuck). One can go upward (higher).
The strength is (was, might, or will be) like "that in the wheel-spokes of a large wagon"."
Gathered sources: This shows the image of a ram who got its horns entangled in a hedge, but here
succeeds to free itself. That's why it says: the hedge parts away and one is free of entanglement.
It indicates how, when someone goes on quietly and perseveringly working at the removal of
resistances, success comes in the end.
The obstruction gives way and all occasion for remorse arising from excessive use of strength
disappears.
Such a person's strength and power does not show externally, yet it can move heavy loads, like a big
cart whose real strength lies in its axle. The less that power is applied outwardly (at the exterior), the
greater its effect.
Conversely, here it may be that one has to ask the question if what is at the center of the matter at
hand is showing one genuinely getting disentangled (from what is as a "hedge"), or on the contrary
one getting more and more entangled. It may be that one experiences some degree of
"disentanglement", but it is only temporary and/or inadequate. The only way out is to act in
accordance with what is truly right, and in accordance with what can be trusted (for the right reasons).

~ Profile
Meticulous and progressive persons who go forward step by step, overcoming difficulties through the
use of wide knowledge and correct procedures, are bound to find that troubles disintegrate of their
own accord, with good fortune ensuing. The cart is ready to move, so when entanglements are
overcome the time is propitious for further advancement.
This procedure is obviously a wise one for every stage of ones life's journey.
The success of these individuals depends on their starting point, and thereafter on their use of their
innate wisdom. Since this line is in the position of the minister, these persons will either support some
noble person or some worthy cause.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will always follow a righteous and just course, and nothing can
prevent his progress. He will help himself, his enterprises, his family, and the general public as well.
He will begin to build merit, reputation and wealth in his early youth. and he will have a long and
favorable life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also have a good and beneficial life. His strong desires
will be achieved easily, and his household and enterprises will flourish modestly.
Caution is advised when using power.
Your strength and influence can be used to advantage now, but be careful not to overdo it.
(and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) sacrificing (losing) ones (little) sheep
(goat, small livestock), due to what is (was, might, or will be) changed.
There will be no occasion for repentance! No regret."
JLK: Here, one is about to lose something that holds no great value in itself, comparable to losing
some small livestock. If this is for reasons that are supportive, and/or for overcoming conflict, this is
good.

Furthermore, the degree to which doing such a sacrifice could turn out to be a Great mistake or not
depends on other occurring lines and the general context. Any small loss or misfortune can turn into
something much worse, if managed in a bad way. In other cases, not being ready to sacrifice
something that would not incur a great loss or misfortune, could also lead to a catastrophic situation.
One should choose wisely: neither squander (waste), nor aim to hold onto everything one can
(hoard).
Gathered sources: Here, one may be too easily (too lightly) deciding on sacrificing something of value
to (some-) one, or on using violence and/or great strength, which is not advisable.
This is indicated by the unfavorableness of this line.
One has (had, might, or will have) to carefully decide if the sacrifice one is ready to do is appropriate
or not. Loss is not a fortunate thing. However, at times taking a loss is the appropriate action.
Thus, one may have lost ones strength and/or ones way, but this could open up new opportunities.
One should not panic, and there is no reason for regret.
On the other hand, here, it may be that one is (was, might, or will be) sacrificing something related to
doing things in a way that is inferior or too simplistic. Then the sacrifice is purely practical and
necessary, and there will be no reason for regrets.
~ Profile
Broadminded individuals see things from an impersonal point of view, and readily sacrifice their own
desires and wishes for the benefit of the greater whole. In the main, these persons are leaders and
managers, this being the fifth line, and have the potential for acquiring the requisite knowledge and
experience to overcome difficulties and bring about better conditions for others and their enterprises.
Regrettably this is a Yin line where it should really be a strong Yang for the best results. Hence, many
of these persons will not be the stalwart leaders they ought to be.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a calm and soft-spoken leader, who can readily quell
violence and disorders through the implementation of just rules and procedures, which others accept
and follow. He will operate mainly on a local level rather than nationally or internationally.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be timid and weak. Although he will know what needs to
be done he will be hesitant to put the right course into effect. He will have but few long term gains,
and a short life.
Never be too pushy.
Give up using excessive strength. Use only the right amount, duly guided.

6
(and/or required) (as) in (for, at, with) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) a goat that butts against a hedge.
It cannot go backward, it cannot go forward;
Unable either to retreat, or to advance as he would happily try (and/or fain) to do.
One is (was, might, or will be) unable either to retreat or advance, owing to ones want of care.
There will not be advantage in any respect;

But if one realizes the difficulty in (of) ones position, there will be good fortune.
Recognizing and re-evaluating the situation brings good fortune.

If one notes the difficulty (danger, or incalculable), this will bring good fortune.
Then the mistake is (was, might, or will be) not lasting.
Then one is (was, might, or will be) not going on with the mistake (or error)."
JLK: The commentary mentions that "one is (was, might, or will be) unable either to retreat or
advance, owing to ones want of care". This may describe one who is too perfectionist, and/or too
much holding on to his objectives and/or goals (good or bad) which can be paralyzing and/or cost
strength that would be better used in other ways.
On the other hand, if one is following Heaven's law (the ruling principle, wisdom), one will (eventually)
find the right balance in ones (the) Great use of strength (upholding Great strength, appropriate or
inappropriate use of Great strength, solidifying of ones position).
Gathered sources: "If one realizes the difficulty in ones position, there will be good fortune": ones
mistake (error) will not be continued (or prolonged).
If we venture too far we come to a deadlock, unable either to advance or to retreat, and whatever we
do merely serves to complicate things further. Such obstinacy leads to insuperable difficulties. But if,
realizing the situation, we compose ourselves and decide not to continue, everything will right itself in
time.
General comment
People universally dislike anyone who uses excessive power, regardless of the level on which such a
person is operating.
~ Profile
These persons have the propensity to use excessive power. The result is that no one wants to
support them, cooperate with them, or to come to their aid. Consequently, no matter what they try to
do they get nowhere. However, if they recognize this failing, and re-evaluate their situation, they have
the potential to change and gradually attain good fortune. This can best be accomplished by their
exercising calmness in their activities, by quietly improving their academic knowledge, and through

observation and analysis in their profession.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be sufficiently wise and knowledgeable to know when to
act and when to remain quiet. The use of this sense of timing will prove advantageous, and
substantial gains and advancements will be made.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be over ambitious, with but little talent or wisdom. This is
dangerous. He will also be greedy, and will try unsuccessfully to outdo his peers and superiors,
creating enmity. He will frequently be in trouble.
An excessive use of power induces adverse reactions.
You may have gone too far. Re-evaluate and redirect your efforts as necessary, and good fortune can
still be yours.

Hexagram 35, the Time of Advancing or Not Advancing (Progress, Flourishing)
- Jin (Chin)
The theme of this hexagram is advancing (progressing, flourishing), or on the contrary, not advancing,
and the progress and prosperity this brings (either way), and/or fails to bring.
The Image says:
"the time of advancing or not advancing; the progress; the prosperity; the flourishing;
the restrained passions; the expansion;
to be creative in a receptive and material way, while being unbeatably strong:
The sun rises high above the earth.
This is the image of the advancing, progressing, the progress, and expansion.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) brightening up his virtue and wisdom
by himself.
JLK: The Great Man will bring about (manifests) clarification (fire, brightness, illumination,
clarifying, intelligence, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy)
concerning (and/or for) those who are (and/or that which is) small (inferior, weak, receptive,
female, evil);
He does this so that it will be clear (for all) what can progress (advance, and/or prosper), what
can bring (and/or stimulate) progress (advance, and/or prosperity), and what not."
JLK: Hex. 35, the Time of Advancing or Not Advancing (Progress, Flourishing), shows a fire
(illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) high
above the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). The fire clarifies
(enlightens, warms) the earth, like the sun warming up all that lies within its sphere of influence. This
brings an opportunity for all to advance (progress, flourish).
Any advance (progress, flourishing) sooner or later will (or should) be confronted by (or be closely
related to) a context of obstruction and/or opposition, as described by inner hex. 39, the Obstacle (the
Obstruction, the Opponent).
The fire high above the earth shows the fire (enlightenment) clarifying (enlightening) what is (was,
might, or will be) dark (the earth, female, small, weak, open, receptive, evil). This has the capacity of
strengthening (of bringing advance and/or progress to) what is small and like the earth.
In the Mawangdui version of the Yi Jing text, the symbol used to name this hexagram is "jin", which
means "aquatic", referring to the way water moves. The water trigram is found in the inner upper
trigram position. Since the lower inner trigram is the mountain (the immobilization, that which is
stacked up), the resulting inner hexagram is hex. 39, the Obstacle. It shows a context where advance
is obstructed.
Thus, under the occurring circumstances things can only move, and/or advance (evolve) with help
from the exterior. Success will come with help from what is like the fire (enlightening, clarifying,
exhausting, and/or heating things up), or a sun (literally, or metaphorically).

The superior one will have to find (and/or detail) his own answers. He will use the capacity of what is
like the fire (enlightening, clarifying, exhausting) to achieve this.
This hexagram may hold the message that one should be a good example for others - like the fire
which appears high above the earth - and act in ways that are impeccable (right).
Under the occurring circumstances, this is a time where one (what occurs) clarifies (makes something
clear) about those who are (and/or that which is) small (inferior, weak, receptive, female, evil). This
means one can come to understand about ones possibilities for progress (advance, prosperity), or on
the contrary that progress (advance, prosperity) is (presently) impossible.
If there are no active lines, this indicates that no particular dynamic forces are active, and then the
chances of there being progress (advance, prosperity) are slim. Still, this offers an opportunity to learn
about how to deal with what is small (inferior, weak, receptive, female, evil), which constitutes
progress (advance, prosperity) in itself.
Gathered sources: This hexagram which consists of the upper trigram Li, the fire (illumination,
clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) and the lower
trigram Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark), represents the sun
rising over the earth. It is therefore the symbol of rapid and easy progress, which at the same time
means ever widening expansion and clarity.
The light of the sun as it rises over the earth is by nature clear (enlightening). The higher the sun
rises, the more it emerges from the dark mists, spreading the pristine purity of its rays over an ever
widening area. The real nature of man is likewise originally good, but it becomes clouded by contact
with earthly things and therefore needs purification before it can shine forth its native clarity.
The progress comes with the release of energies. The energies also release what is receptive, small,
dark, and female onto a lower location.
JLK: Conversely, this hexagram may indicate that one should question if for the matter at hand there
is actually progress (like that of a rising sun), if it is rapid, or slow, or occurring at all.

The Judgment says:
"Advancing or not advancing, progress, flourishing, prospering, restrained passions,

expansion, being creative in a receptive and material way while being unbeatably strong:
These indicate a way, a ride, a path, a career, being (or getting) "there" (spiritually, and/or
physically), or the lack of these.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) offering the affiliated (his partners)
support, and/or something (and/or a way) to be moving (and regulating) things: (what is like) a
horse, a carriage (chariot, vehicle).
Like the King bestowing the duke with a large number of horses (or fief, something of great
value).
What is (was, might, will, or should be) given away (or obtained, taken back) is (was, might, or
will be) like a house (offering protection, rest, and/or stacking things up), but at the same time
it can be used "to carry" and/or move the receiver, and/or can be used by the receiver to carry
a certain load, and be helpful during battle (or labor) like a horse.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) giving something, but what is given away will remain
ones property, and will return, reoccur, or be received back in three months (three periods, or
in "three").
(And/or) One is (was, might, or will be) receiving, and (being) received, three times on the
same day.
Rise, and progress occur thanks to sharing what can be shared, and thanks to giving
truthfully, and fullheartedly."
JLK: Here, what is like a house (a domestic situation), and/or like a horse (a useful gift), is (was,
might, or will be) at the center of an exchange. Either it is (was, might, will, or should be) given away
(to be lost, to be let go of, and/or shared), or it is received or taken back. These may be part of a
sequence.
If there are no favorable strong lines, then the occurrence of this hexagram shows that what occurs
will lead to enlightenment, and insight about advancing or not advancing, i.e. not necessarily to
wealth (flourishing, progress) and/or a (particularly) favorable outcome.
Advance can be achieved by sharing wealth (advancements), like the King giving his associates
useful gifts, like a house and/or horses.
Gathered sources: What is given away or received, appears with the same characteristics of a horse,
or several horses. This means that what is given away or received can be used "to carry" and move
the receiver, or to be used by the receiver to carry a certain load, and to be helpful during battle.
JLK: One has to determine for the matter at hand what is like a house and/or like the horse(s), what
is, and/or if, this is the time to give such away (share), or the time to take it back, and/or if the one
who (and/or that which) is being considered for the matter at hand, actually deserves it.
Gathered sources: During the life of the Duke of Zhou (a tyrant), this hexagram came to depict a
situation where a feudal nobleman was given a piece of territory by the King, rewarding his
helpfulness.
Thus, as applied on human society, this hexagram depicts a sovereign (or powerful human) who is
(was, might, will, or should be) blessed with obeying helpers [JLK: regardless of the King's
righteousness, as the Duke of Zhou was a tyrant]. The sovereign rewards his helpers richly and
invites them to a closer intimacy.

"One is giving something, but what is given away will remain ones property, and will return, reoccur,
or be received back in three months (three periods, "three", or what is experienced like this).
"One receives, and is received, three times on the same day...", indicates that something is received,
and given, occurring by (or in) three (of the same type, or kind).
JLK: This hexagram therefore may describe a situation where while one is (was, might, will, or should
be) given certain rewards, one must expect to have to give something in return, before or after what is
at hand, sooner or later.
Or in other words: certain rewards will only come when one gives (to others, and/or to that which one
is dealing with) appropriately.
Gathered sources: The hexagram also pictures a certain separation, or breaking apart; Like the sun
moving away from the earth: the sun leaves the earth, but she will rise again.
A progress that will be too fast, will behold or attract danger (peril, difficulties, or what is incalculable).
For more on this, also observe hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness), and hex. 36, the
Darkening of the Light (the Hidden Brightness, Oppression).
If a relation, or bond with what is small (receptive, earthy, weak, passive, dark, unclear, vulgar,
yielding, or open) will be too big, too "bright", or too passionate, this is (was, might, or will be)
considered to be inappropriate.
Commentary
The upper trigram Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating
or draining of energy), is over (above) the lower trigram Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive, small,
weak, open, female, dark). This represents the brilliance of the Heavenly heart and Heavenly mind of
man.
~ Profile.
Since Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark), symbolized by the
lower trigram, also represents the people. This hexagram indicates that light, symbolized by the upper
trigram, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining
of energy) is (was, might, will, or should be) available to guide them. In a ruler or leader it shows
wisdom, knowledge, magnanimity, confidence, and freedom from jealousy.
These are truly kingly persons, in the best meaning of the word. Lesser men are like noble princes,
who support their ruler with fealty for the good of the country. They are rewarded generously (horses
were scarce in ancient China, which explains the reference of the text).
These persons lead in external matters , while in inner wisdom they are an example to others. Their
external lives are a reflection of their internal worth and greatness. As a ruler or leader one welcomes
such noble princes, is glad to see them frequently, and rewards them freely for their support and
advice. Those who are truly great reflect the glory and virtue of Heaven.

Lines
"JLK: Advancing or not advancing (progress, restrained passions, expansion or implosion) is

(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the
As one is (was, might, or will be) advancing (progressing, flourishing, prospering, enriching
oneself, and/or gaining wealth), so one is (was, might, or will be) held back (confronted by
arrest).
One thing comes with the other. There is (was, might, or will be) no fault in this.
Perseverance, firmness, anticipating and doing the divination bring good fortune!
Handle (or meet) lack of confidence (or trust) in what is different (in other ways, and/or the
others) by acting in a somewhat free and/or independent way, and by remaining calm (sparing
ones life-energy and/or resources).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) aquatically (fluids) deep (immerged).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) returning to the bath (to what will clean,
and/or purify); An abundance of opportunities for cleaning.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) returning to (and/or finding) an
abundance of opportunities to clean (purify) (himself, others, and/or something), as this will
brighten things up (clarify things, give energy to things) in a superior way (above, and/or at a
higher place).
He will make certain to clean himself (others, and/or something) outwardly (at the exterior,
physically, and/or in a material way) and inwardly (at the interior, spiritually, and/or mentality
wise), as well as the way he is (was, might, or will be) doing things (the way he moves);
He gives special care to do this (as when) related to what lies at the beginning (of things),
when early (when young), at the feet, and/or for when moving (taking action).
No error."
JLK: While one is (was, might, will, or should be) held (or holding) back (restrained), one has an
opportunity (a reason, and/or duty) to clean (purify) oneself (another, things, and/or things).
It may be time (an opportunity) to clean (purify), but one must question if one is (was, might, or will
be) doing this the right way, and/or if it's the right opportunity.
The time (period, and/or experience) of cleaning (purifying) will be experienced as being "held-back".
As long as this doesn't remove (destroy) anything that is of value (useful), this is good; Then there will
be no error. If it ends up removing (destroying) something that is of value (useful), then this is not
good; Then it will be an error.
The association for this line with that of being "aquatically deep" and "returning" to "the bath" (to what
will clean, and/or purify) is mentioned in the Mawangdui text.
Alternatively, the occurrence of this line may point to an issue regarding cleanliness (hygiene,
logistics) as related to the way of moving (advancing), when in the beginning (when young), and/or on
the floor (the terrain) or related to the workforce. If one is (was, might, or will be) seizing the
opportunity to clean (purify) this is good. If not, it means there is (was, might ,or will be) no advantage,

or loss.
Gathered sources: Here, if one is to advance (progress, flourish, prosper, enrich oneself, or gain
wealth), this is accompanied by some form of being held back (in another domain), and/or some type
of arrest (of things). One thing comes at the cost of the other, and/or one thing accompanies the
other. However, there is no fault in this.
That which is at the center of ones inquiry is related to the beginning (or earliness) of things, or to
what is young and beginning.
The fact that a certain kind of advance (progress, flourishing, prosperity, enriching oneself, or gaining
wealth) is being obstructed (or hindered), while there is another kind of advance (progress,
flourishing, prosperity, enriching oneself, or gaining wealth) going on, indicates an individual (free, or
independent) attempt (action, move) to do what (one thinks) is right. Such an independent (or free)
way of acting is without fault and can not be blamed on one, while (or where) one has not (yet) been
(able to be) receiving indications (orders, or directions) (correctly, adequately, in, as well as through
time) (as) from above (from ones superior, the ruler, or authority) to do things in another way.
It may indicate that one is (was, might, will, or should be) generous, or noble, towards those who are
(or that which is) lacking trust (confidence) and/or not (yet) able to solidify (install, localize, or position)
it (in a correct way).
It may (also) mean that one installs (confirms, or solidifies) trust (confidence) while one uses (or will
have to use) the help of others (or other ways), although these may be mistrustful or not yet offering
what is perceived as trust and confidence.
Thus, this line may point to a situation where one (what occurs) is at the beginning of advance
(progress, flourishing, prosperity, enriching oneself, or gaining wealth), while contemplating, studying
and considering, looking for confirmation of what will be correct orders (indications, or directions),
adequate, in, and through time.
A standstill (arrest, or lack of progress) is (was, might, or will be) imposed upon (what occurs in) the
lowest line, weak in itself, by (what is indicated by) the lower inner trigram the mountain (or what is
stacked up) occurring above it. Hence it is stopped in its tendency to progress, while prospering
(gaining wealth).
Nevertheless one goes ones solitary way on the path of duty and calmly awaits the (right) time (to do
things differently) that will surely come.
Even though there still be mistrust, one is (was, might, will, or should be) giving (investing oneself)
freely, thus prospering (enriching oneself) albeit without hope of (immediate) progress. Things may
change in the near future, so it's best to maintain (or cultivate) relationships and the advance
(progress, flourishing, prosperity, enrichment of oneself, or gaining of wealth) this can bring, and not
to burn any bridges.
General comment
In trying to enlighten the lower strata of the people (the bottom line of the trigram Kun) one often runs
into difficulty by such persons being inadequately prepared, or literally incapable of receiving the
message or teachings. Persevering, as well as being liberal-minded regarding deficiencies (or
obstructions), is the right course.
~ Profile
These persons are likely to be teachers or instructors who deal with considerable number of people

needing training or illuminating They will be quite knowledgeable, teaching with calmness, patience
and persistence. They may be, but need not be, professional teachers.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a person of firm resolve and noble in character. He will
be just, dealing with others without favoritism. He will exercise great self-discipline, and his affairs will
always be in good order, and progressive.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will try to achieve his goals without proper preparations or
cooperation, and will meet with frequent hindrances. He will not accomplish anything great, and is
likely to live a short life without much satisfaction.
Be magnanimous.
You will find yourself held back if you try to proceed single-handedly. Meet the situation with love and
kindness.

(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves
Advancing or not advancing (progress, restrained passions, expansion or implosion) is (was,

will be advantage.
Sorrowful advance: one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) advancing (progressing,
flourishing, prospering, enriching oneself, and/or gaining wealth), but in sorrow (with Great
efforts);
As one is (was, might, or will be) advancing (progressing, flourishing, prospering, enriching
oneself, and/or gaining wealth), so one is doing this in sorrow (with great efforts).
There is profit (good fortune, or advantage) in being firm, persevering, anticipating, and in
doing the divination;
Then one is (was, might, or will be) obtaining Great happiness and blessings (like a great
armor) thanks to ones ancestress (ones ancestral mother, or someone in authority, a woman,
that which has been nourishing in the past), in a spiritual way."
JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) advancing (progressing, flourishing, prospering, enriching
oneself, and/or gaining wealth) in sorrow, but if one persists in what is right one is (was, might, or will
be) obtaining what is like a great armor (tools, or a way to defend), thanks to ones ancestress (the
accumulation of wealth and/or resources through what is small).

Conversely, this line may point out that sometimes, advancing in sorrow (with great efforts, and/or
while moaning) is better than not advancing at all.
Gathered sources: Here, advancing (progressing, flourishing, prospering, enriching oneself, and/or
gaining wealth) is seriously paired with sorrow (pain, evil and/or darkness), with a very real risk of
being halted (stopped). (Some-) one (or something) is at risk of being stopped (kept) from getting in
touch, or "obtaining" the man (the strong, creative, or "filling" one, and/or that which is) in authority
(and/or the general consensus), with whom (which) one has a connection. One is (was, may, or will)
not (be) having access to the (true) source of ones status, position, influence, or to one (or that) on
whom (which) one is depending.
When this happens, one must remain firm, and persevering, although one is (will, or might be)
grieved (sorrowful). If ones relation to the other (or that which occurs) is virtuous, and correct, this will
arrange things (and improve and/or soften the attitude of the other, or of oneself). Then (as) with a
"maternal gentleness", the man (one, the other, or that which is) in question, will bestow Great
happiness on one, which will be like receiving a great armor (spiritually). This happiness comes to
one (and is well deserved) because in this case mutual attraction does not rest on selfish
(nationalistic, or partisan) motives, but on firm and correct principles, beneficial to the interest of all (in
the Universe).
It may also mean that ones (own) perseverance, while being softened by grief (or other
circumstances), is opening up, offering and leading one (into) a different way (of solving things). Thus,
it is a time of difficulties, followed by what is harmonious.
"One is (was, might, or will be) obtaining Great happiness and blessings (like a great armor) thanks to
ones ancestress (ones ancestral mother, someone in authority, a woman, what is receptive, small,
dark, or open)": what is said about the happiness is indicated by the central position of this line in the
lower trigram (the earth, the receptive, the open, the unclear, the dark, the small).
Thus, something will work out in ones favor, which does not depend on ones own efforts (but comes
from what is received). There may be occurring help from what is in authority (possibly a woman, or
that which is receptive, small unclear, or dark). All this may occur after a time of rest, or immobilization
(after some time has passed).
The fact that blessings will come in the form of "a great armor", indicates that one is (was, might, or
will be) acquiring a new way to defend oneself and/or to face up to danger and difficulties.
This line is similar in character to the ruler of this hexagram, the six in the 5th place. That (5th) line
appears (should be interpreted) as being the image of the ancestress (ancestral mother), because
according to ancient customs (rule), the grandson is associated with the grandfather, not with the
father. Both lines (the 2nd, and the 5th) being weak, the images here indicate the feminine: the
grandson's wife and the ancestress; Or "that which marries to the (grand-) son", as in relation to the
"ancestral mother" (the passively active, or the receptiveness).
The line is at the base (the beginning, or early stage) of the (nuclear) trigram Gen (the mountain, the
immobilizing and pushing around, stacking up and gradually growing tough, the (piece of)
information), keeping still, and therefore, something is stopped in its advance. But the association
between this, and the receptiveness associated to this line, will bring Great happiness.
General comment
The meaning of this line is quite similar to that of line 1, except that the teaching is on a higher level.
The persons depicted here are sorrowful because their own advancing (progressing, flourishing,
prospering, enrichment of oneself, and/or gaining wealth) does not seem to be what it ought to be,
nor does that of others. They instantly recognize the great many things that need to be done, but their
helpers are few. Most other people are uncaring. Persistence in what is right will eventually bring

good fortune. This line is the correlate of line 5, a Yin line, so one is supported by one's ancestress (a
female who has gone before).
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in an influential position, and concerned about the
future of his country and its people, if they are not pursuing wise and judicious courses. He will be
firm in his goals and strive persistently to fulfill them. He will follow the golden mean. In the end he will
be rewarded, and will receive good fortune from an external source, perhaps from a woman.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a person striving to follow the right path and
achieve that which he knows to be for the good. He will have many changes in his life, some
sorrowful and some joyful. He will be auspiciously helped by his mother, or by another woman.
Teach slowly for durable results.
Some progress is being made, but it is not happy progress. Blessings and benefits may come from
outside, probably from a woman.

(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the
If (for what occurs) one can say:
All are (were, might, will, or should be) in accord;

All is (are, was, were, might, will, or should be) true (genuine, or sincere).
In that case regrets vanish."
JLK: Here, what matters is that all (everyone, everything) are in accord, and/or that all (everything) is
true (genuine, or sincere). If this applies for what is at the center of what is occurring, than things are
right. If not, then one might have to consider alternative options for the matter at hand.
The occurrence of this line may indicate that one has to make sure that one has the support and
agreement of all those who have some kind of influence on the matter at hand.
The issue may concern matters of the hip, the backbone, morality, and/or the ego. Since this is a yin
line, one should be receptive to influences in these areas.
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may warn against letting ones ego (ones backbone, and/or
ones strength) take on burdens bigger than it can carry, and/or that could "darken" or exhaust it. One

should not look for new tasks, but hold oneself available for demands at a later time (and/or under
different circumstances).
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will, or should be) moving and/or striving onward in
association with (or with the agreement of) others (or other things), whose backing encourages one.
This dispels (wipes away) any cause for regret over the fact that one doesn’t have enough
independence to triumph unaided over every hostile turn of fate.
It may be that one may decide to enforce (obtain, or work on) that which will be of help (to oneself).
This is a period where there may be some loss, or misfortune, but if one will decide, move, or act in a
way that will enforce that which leads to agreement (truth, and/or a consensus), advance (progress,
flourishing, prosperity, enrichment of oneself, and/or gaining wealth) is possible.
Thus, there occurs wholehearted determination, firmness, and perseverance, in moving forward
(rising, or coming up).
The fact that this line is close to the upper trigram the fire (the - time of - brightness, brilliance, and/or
exhaustion), just below (or before) it, indicates that misunderstandings are (were, might, or will be)
cleared up. Since it is at the head of others of the same mind (or same attitude, or way), progress is
possible for it (or for one).
General comment
Here a man has progressed high on the earthly plane, i.e. line 3 of the trigram Kun (the earth, the
receptive, the small). Now he is ready to investigate the illumination and enlightenment attainable
from Heaven, i.e. the upper trigram Li (the fire, the enlightenment, the exhaustion).
The inner light is strong in this man and attracts others without conscious effort.
Through diligence in what is right he maintains his inner strength, and thereby attains successful
results for his efforts. His accomplishments will cause any previous occasions for remorse to be
forgotten.
~ Profile
These persons have magnetic personalities.
Most auspicious (in the best case):
He will have many like-minded friends and associates, who work to improve themselves and to be of
benefit to others. Their results are truly successful, and blessings accrue for all concerned.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a good man associating with wise and good
people. He will have some helpful fiends and few enemies, and his life will be quite easy and
progressive in a modest way. No great sorrows or worries are anticipated.
Proceeding in what is right is advantageous.

Now is the time to make progress, both inwardly and externally, with the support of others.

(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the
Advancing or not advancing (progress, restrained passions, expansion or implosion) is (was,

might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with, through) the way of
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) advancing (progressing, flourishing,
prospering, enriching oneself, and/or gaining wealth) like a marmot (a mole cricket, and/or a
small animal).
One appears to be advancing (progressing, flourishing, prospering, enriching oneself, and/or
gaining wealth), but this is (was, might, will, or should be) like the advance of a marmot (a
mole cricket, and/or a small animal).
JLK: One is (was, might, or will be) at risk of not seeing (finding, and/or understanding) the
"big picture" (the wider view, or context) of things;
One is (was, might, or will be) at risk of a lack of understanding (knowledge, and/or clarity).
When one sees oneself being reduced to a position of being small (inferior, weak, evil), what
matters is removing what is small (inferior, weak, evil) from ones own heart (life, kingdom,
domain, and/or body) (first), not from those of others, as it (the other's smallness) may be
ingrained (a consequence of the way things are, and/or have evolved), and/or may be too hard
to remove by oneself (alone, for what one is able to achieve given ones own situation).
However one will be persevering, and however firm and correct one may be, the situation is
(was, might, or will be) dangerous and/or uncertain.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) confronted by what is small (inferior,
weak, evil), which may bring (drag) him down (to the same level).
He will choose to avoid misfortune (and/or avoid being reduced to making almost no
progress) by not giving in (yielding) to the others' smallness (inferiority, weakness, evil)."
Gathered sources: This is describing advance (progress, flourishing, prosperity, enrichment of

oneself, and/or gaining wealth) (of someone or something) like that of a marmot (rodent, rat, cricket, a
small animal), and/or it points to someone who is (was, might, or will be) like such a small animal
(and/or creature).
This may be in accordance with the circumstances, but it does mean that the situation is dangerous
and/or uncertain.
JLK: A marmot, cricket, and other (very) small animals have all a very limited view of the world, and/or
the way things evolve over time (i.e. history). Such (very) small animals have various ways to
(adequately) compensate for this limitation, but in the end their options to understand the world are
(more or less) as limited as their size is small. Thus there is the warning that one is at risk of not
seeing the "big picture" (of, and/or what is behind things).

As a consequence of having a very limited view of the world and/or the way things evolve, one ends
up being worried of being crushed, destroyed, or harmed by dangers (difficulties) and/or entities that
seem incomprehensible.
Conversely and/or alternatively this line may hold the advice not to be like a marmot (lemming,
cricket, a small animal), and/or not to treat oneself nor others like (merely) marmots (lemmings) that
should be content with relatively small means (and/or inferior solutions), and/or a small (limited) view
on (and/or understanding of) things. Don't give people (beings, and/or things) a bad deal! As they
might actually react in ways that are very small (inferior, evil). Vice versa, one should not satisfy
oneself with getting a "bad deal".
One may also see in the marmot, a lemming (a "long-tailed marmot"), which is an animal that, when
its population becomes too dense, will find a way of killing itself (often doing this by collectively
jumping off a cliff, into the ocean...).
Thus, this line show a situation of excess and danger (difficulties). It may amount to, and/or take the
form of a suicide.
What occurs is not at its proper place as indicated by the fact that this is a strong line in a weak place.
One may understand from this, that it is in accord with the circumstances, not to go too fast, nor too
high, nor too slow, nor too low, thus avoiding oneself to become trapped in some kind of an extreme
situation.
General comment
Americans would speak of prairie-dog like progress, since that animal is the closest American relation
to the marmot. The prairie-dog lives within a limited territory, and needs the companionship of others.
It acts like an emperor over his domain, yet runs to its burrow when danger threatens, and in general
makes little or no progress.
~ Profile
People exhibiting such characteristics will find many hazards in the course of their lives, with others
taking advantage of these innocuous characteristics. Their progress will be very limited unless they
become more dynamic.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a high position, but since he does not have the
qualities of a true leader, he will be envied by others and disparaged, and will find the maintaining of
his status and position difficult.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a troublesome man with little or no virtue, sometimes
even vicious or obnoxious. He will have a difficult life, with few or no achievements.
The possibilities of caution should never be overlooked.
You are trying to make progress too quickly, and an adverse reaction will set in.

5

(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the

advantage.
Regrets disappear.
Do not worry (or have anxiety) about fortune, or misfortune (profit, or loss, advantage, or
disadvantage).
It brings fortune (profit, or advantage) to pursue a goal (to fulfill ones aim, or an endeavor, to
have a place to go to).
All is advantageous (favorable).

All things cooperate favorably.
JLK: The superior one always endeavors to act in accordance with what is Great (strong,
creative, active, right, light, loving), therefore what is Great will be favorable towards his
efforts (actions), and there will be no reason to worry.
When dealing with what is small, he must understand that not all are true (sincere), and
therefore must be made to comply with (and/or adapt to) what is Great, and/or that he must
adapt (himself, and/or things) appropriately when dealing with what is small."
Gathered sources: When one will move forwards, without worrying (having anxiety) about fortune or
misfortune (profit, or loss, advantage, or disadvantage) with firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and
doing the divination, ones actions will be blessed (and bring blessings as by themselves).
The situation described in the text for this line is that of one who, finding oneself in an influential
position in a time of progress, remains gentle and reserved. One might reproach oneself for lack of
energy in making the most of the propitiousness of the time and obtaining all possible advantage.
However, this regret passes away. One must not take either loss or gain to heart, they are minor
considerations. What matters much more is the fact that in this way one has assured oneself of
opportunities for successful and beneficent influence.
A yin line in a yang place, as is the case here, should really cause regrets. But since here it is in the
center of the great light (the fire, the enlightening), the upper trigram, there is no need for regrets.
Furthermore, the line is "empty", that is, divided in the middle. This is an indication that it does not
take gain and loss to heart, because it is not dependent on external things.
Fire has no definite form, it flames up and goes out. This gives the image of gain and loss.
Moreover, although the line is the uppermost one in the upper nuclear trigram Kan, the water (the
danger, the difficulties, the liveliness, the pit), which suggests sorrow, it is the ruler of the hexagram,
therefore sorrow is not necessary.

~ Profile
The persons who have this controlling line in their Natal Hexagram are truly Kingly and noble in
character, and everything automatically flows to them, by virtue of their great and righteous inner
selves which act as a light for the world.
These persons are approaching sainthood in their evolution, and may be found in any walk of life
where the Creator feels they will be most useful.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of great virtue, knowledgeable in cultural matters
and in the arts. He will be independent but will serve others well if needs be. He will not strive for
merit, yet will achieve it. He will not seek profits, yet will make continuous gains. He will not
necessarily deliberately work for reforms or to improve the people, but these things will automatically
come about wherever he is.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a man of good character and wide knowledge.
He also will not concern himself with gains or losses, yet everything will go as he wishes, on a modest
scale.
Nobleness produces its own rewards.
The time is favorable for action. All things should now fall into their proper place.

(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) in (for, with) the head (the
One is (was, might, or will be) (as) advancing (progressing, flourishing, prospering, enriching
oneself, and/or gaining wealth) with the horns pointing downwards (like a wild bull).
This is only right for punishing (disciplining, and/or improving) ones own cities (and/or
oneself).
There is danger and good fortune.

What occurs is (was, might, or will be) not a mistake.
If the matter at hand does not concern punishing (disciplining, or improving) ones own cities
(people, oneself, those whom or that which one is leading or working with), then the divination
(the oracle) indicates there will be regret."
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) advancing (progressing,
flourishing, prospering, enriching oneself, and/or gaining wealth) while approaching (moving, or
acting) like a (wild) bull, through the use of force, remaining true, exclusively occupying oneself with

subduing (dominating, winning from, or punishing) the cities (the towns, or "ones enemies").
Whether ones affairs are going well, or bad, one has no merit in it, nor can one be blamed for it, but
going on like this will not serve well ones name and reputation.
To exclusively occupy oneself with subduing (dominating, or winning from) the cities? Hold on!
Consider this: the punishing of rebels (or criminals) is the duty (task) of the ruler (the governing, or the
one(s) in authority). If one is only occupying oneself with punishing (disciplining) ones enemies
(opponents, or rivals) one is rather not showing oneself to be an enlightened tyrant [cynical].
If one has the unmistakable obligation to be using force (applying radical measures), one should not
go on, or pursue this, any longer than it be (strictly, and absolutely) necessary.
Advancing (progressing, flourishing, prospering, enriching oneself, and/or gaining wealth) with
"lowered horns" (like a bull attacking) - i.e. acting on the offensive - is permissible in times like those
referred to here, only in dealing with the mistakes or shortcomings of ones own people (oneself, those
whom or that which one is leading and/or working with).
Even then we must bear in mind that proceeding on the offensive may always be dangerous. This
way we avoid the mistakes that otherwise threaten, and succeed in what we set out to do.
On the other hand, perseverance in such over-energetic behavior, especially toward persons with
whom there is no close connection, will lead to humiliation.
The indication is that the attack and chastising, even if occurring for good reasons, such as to bring
discipline, in the end will lead to regret, because the chastising will have no lasting value.
JLK: In a more general way, this line may advice to be disciplined (and/or follow or use a certain
disciplining procedure), but only with the goal to improve oneself and/or others who belong to ones
clan (family) and/or those who one is working with, and/or ones tools, weapons, and or with the goal
to improve things related to these.
General comment
The time is past being propitious (line 5 was the most propitious) for rapid and smooth advancement.
Here trying to make forceful progress is wrong, except in so far as it concerns correcting and
improving oneself in character and knowledge.
All self-correction should be made courageously and with thoroughness. Care should be exercised
that what is done is right and just. By trying to correct anyone other than oneself one will encounter
difficulties.
~ Profile
Others must develop and improve their own leadership, for effective results.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of great virtue, knowledgeable in cultural matters
and in the arts. He will be independent but will serve others well if needs be. He will not strive for
merit, yet will achieve it. He will not seek profits, yet will make continuous gains. He will not
necessarily deliberately work for reforms or to improve the people, but these things will automatically
come about wherever he is.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a man of good character and wide knowledge.
He also will not concern himself with gains or losses, yet everything will go as he wishes, on a modest

scale.
Improve yourself constantly.
Do not press forward except in the matter of correcting and improving yourself. Deal cautiously with
strangers.

Hexagram 36, the Darkening of the Light (the Hidden Brightness, Oppression)
- Ming Yi (Ming I)
The theme of hexagram 36 is that of a bird, much like a pheasant with bright colors which is as flying
up while making shrieking sounds and thereby disturbing a ceremony, much to the irritation of those
attending. This irritation can then be without great consequences or, on the contrary, more or less
fatal. This situation is like that of an individual who has to face a crowd that is highly unsympathetic
towards him.
It indicates how (as a consequence) ones "brightness" (ones light) can not shine freely and is
darkened or hidden from the view.
The Image says:
"the darkening of the light; the hidden brightness and exhaustion; restraining of the light;
hidden clarity; sunken light; hiding ones light; oppression;
the bright bird as terrorized, flying up and away; the bird being noticed:
Fire beneath earth.

Fire hidden below the earth.
Fire darkened by the earth.
Thus does the superior one live with the masses: he is (was, might, will, or should be) hiding
his brightness, or having it restrained;
He is (was, might, will, or should be) veiling (hiding, obscuring, and/or concealing) his light,
and/or it is (was, might, will, or should be) veiled (hidden, obscured, and/or concealed), yet he
is (was, might, will, or should be) still allowing it to shine within (below, and/or out of reach of
the darkness).
The Great Man, when ruling (governing) the people (the crowds, the others, and/or things), will
make certain that his brightness is hidden (out of the view), while (yet, still) allowing it to shine
(within, and/or in a different way).
JLK: Wherever and whenever possible, the Great Man will set (install) and enforce a limit to (of
what he is willing to tolerate of) the darkness (weakness, smallness, evilness) that could
threaten his (inner) peace. He will do this in a way so that what is small (weak, dark), in the
end, will give in, and/or be kept at the exterior (outside)."
JLK: Hex. 36, the Darkening of the Light (the Hidden Brightness, Oppression), shows a fire
(illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) below
the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). The brightness of the fire is
thereby darkened by the earth, and/or the circumstances force one to hide ones own brightness (fire,
energy, clarity, warmth).
The circumstances of "darkening of the light" (hidden brightness) lead to the wish for (or will be
occurring in a context of) liberation (freeing, loosening), as described by inner hex. 40, the Liberation
(the Freedom, to Loosen).
Alternatively, and/or additionally, this hexagram may be a call to access intelligence (clarity, insight,

brilliance) that is presently hidden (out of sight, occurring deep within).
A volcano may look inactive, and even be hidden, it generally has the capacity to irrupt at any time.
Similarly, all beings (and/or things) have incalculable and explosive resources that bring brightness
(clarity, energy, warmth, understanding, solutions), if only one knows how to access them.
The image of a fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or
draining of energy) occurring below (within, under) the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak,
open, female, dark), also gives the idea of riches, wealth, and/or resources contained within the earth.
This is similar to the situation in hex. 15, Hidden Richness (the Modesty, Hidden Qualities), where
there is a mountain hidden within the earth. In hex. 15 the "wealth" has the form of what is stacked up
and grown tough, like a mountain. In hex. 36 the "wealth" occurs in the form of fire and "clarity"
(illumination, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), and/or
opportunity for it. Due to how force is stalled (pacified) within the earth, if accessed properly, it will
have an upward dynamic due to the pressure below and around the reservoir, or due to the conditions
of fire. It can hold the idea of great riches (wealth, resources) to be found in understanding (clarifying,
learning) how to be dealing with what is small (the earth, the receptive, passive, weak, open, female,
dark), and stubborn (angry).
Traditional translations/versions of the Yi Jing (such as the one by Richard Wilhelm / Cary. F.
Baynes), associate the concept of "oppression" to hex. 47. However, that hexagram should primarily
be associated with "exhaustion", i.e. as a result of dealing with adversity (whatever it may denote) and
resources (strength, qualities) leaking away (which can however be experienced as having to bear
"oppression" and/or repression, or be a consequence of having to fight these). Hex. 36 on the other
hand deals with crushing forces that would tend to "darken the light", and/or "ones light". It is only
reasonable to imagine one would desire to free oneself of such oppression and/or repression, as
expressed in the inner hex. 40, the Liberation (the Freedom, to Loosen).
Gathered sources: The fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating
or draining of energy), stands for brilliance, passion, heat and projection on one hand and the
exhaustion, that which sticks on the other hand.
Here, brightness is below (restrained or hidden) inside the earth, or below what is dark (small, vulgar,
open, unclear, receptive or yielding).
The sun has sunk under the earth, and therefore it is (seeming to be) darkened.
The original Chinese name of this hexagram, "Ming Yi", literally means: (the) "wounding of the bright".
That is why the commentaries to the (individual) lines contain frequent references to wounding.
In times of darkness it is essential to be cautious, apprehensive, and reserved.
Thus, one should not needlessly awaken overwhelming enmity (opposition, or adversity) by
inconsiderate, immodest, or inappropriate behavior. During such times, due to the darkness of the
circumstances, one ought not to fall in with the practices of others. Nor should one drag them
censoriously into the light (exposing them). In social intercourse one should not try to be all-knowing
(or all-capable). Under the occurring circumstances, one should let many things pass, while avoiding
being duped.
In this hexagram, the situation is the exact opposite and reverse of hex. 35, the Time of Advancing or
Not Advancing (Progress, Flourishing). Under that constellation one who is wise and at the head of
affairs, has able helpers, and in company with them, one makes progress. But here, (some-) one of a
dark nature is in a position of authority, and brings harm to (the) one who is wise and able (or that
which is clarifying).
On the other hand, when reversing something, and depending on the circumstances, the situation
(still) offers a chance to be reducing, avoiding, or restraining exhaustion. But one should not expect to

be (as) "flying high", with brilliance.
The symbolic image is used of a pheasant (a bright bird that is fairly clumsy at moving around) which
suddenly flies up and away, (as if) being terrorized for a reason that remains (mainly) unnoticed, and
unappreciated by the people who see it fly (up). They only get (a little) annoyed (or sad), by its
appearance and interference at (what is as a) a ceremony.
The people that are attending a ceremony, fail to understand why the bird (suddenly) flies up, or
produces strange, (intriguing or irritating) movements, and noises.
Like the pheasant that is (seeming to be) disrupting a ceremony, the minister, who is very capable,
serves (his country) under a weak and (extremely) unsympathetic sovereign, but he can try to
improve matters by placing them into a different, reversed (or reversing) way, or by going "outside" (of
the context).
The implication of the time of this constellation is that there is an accumulation of opposing, negative
(small, weak, unclear, dark) forces, which has a devastating (crushing) effect, as well as that there is
a powerful authority that might be harmful, or bring damage to ones convictions, or "brightness",
unless one is able to escape things.
In ones relations with others, one may (or will) find the occurring situation sad, and pathetic, while
(the) others seem totally unaware of these circumstances (that are particularly difficult to one).
The difficulties of the situation should be appreciated. Under such circumstances, the Great and
superior one hides his light, appearing outwardly flexible, giving and manageable. Thus, he maintains
a low profile, while still remaining inwardly firm to his convictions.
The six in the top line of this hexagram is the line that influences, stimulating or darkening the light of
(the subjects of) the other lines, depending on the circumstances. It is the ruler determining the
meaning of the hexagram. Both, the six in the 2nd place and the six in the 5th place have the
attributes of being of central and devoted character, and it is they that might be injured (influenced, or
afflicted).
To this image is another image attached related to the ordeal King Wen had to endure when he was
imprisoned before he managed to escape and become China's emperor. It says:
"Hiding, but maintaining brightness: like prince Chi (King Wen afterwards).
One is (was, might, or will) not (be) in the position where one can overcome the (present, or
occurring) power (and strength) of the darkness (the small, weak, or bad) by revealing ones light (to
the others), and therefore one is (was, might, or will be) hiding it, or keeping it out of the view while
avoiding exhaustion."
This comment is about how King Wen managed to avoid being harassed when in prison and
eventually succeeded in escaping by pretending to be crazy.
It indicates how under the occurring circumstances one can better hide ones light thus avoiding being
exhausted or broken by those in authority.
JLK: In a general way, this hexagram is indicating that one is dealing with oppression and how to
overcome it, and/or that ones actions are leading to such oppression and/or repression (of oneself,
and/or others).
In hex. 11, the Peace (Great and Massive, Massive Prosperity), the light (male, creative, strong,
good), due to the fact that it is stronger than the earth (female, receptive, weak, evil), attains balance
with the earth (female, receptive, weak, evil) removed to the fringes. Here, in hex. 36, the fire lacks
such strength. It needs to rise and shine high, which is made impossible or obstructed by the forces
of the earth (female, receptive, weak, dark, evil). Thus, to be in harmony with the times, one should

cultivate "the fire (brightness) within", while avoiding exhaustion.
The Judgment says:
"Darkening of the light (fire, brilliance, energy), hidden brightness and exhaustion, restraint of
what is light (fire, brilliance, energy), hidden clarity, sunken light (fire, brilliance, energy),
hiding ones light (fire, brilliance, energy), oppression:
Understanding these and adapting to the conditions these denote will lead to success.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) experiencing darkening of the light (fire,
brilliance, energy);
Darkening, or hiding ones light (fire, brilliance, energy); (And/or) Restraining exhaustion.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) hiding, withdrawing, and/or concealing oneself (ones
brightness, clarity, energy) (as) deep below, or within the earth (the small, weak, receptive,
passive, yielding, giving in, or open).
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination brings fortune."
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, (some-) one encounters what is disturbing,
oppressing, rebuffing, or unsympathetic and dark (small, weak, receptive, passive, unclear, vulgar, or
open). Therefore the superior one is (was, might, or will be) hiding (or restraining) his light
(brightness, brilliance, or exhaustion).
energy) is (as) hidden (or withdrawn) deep below (or inside) the earth (the receptive, passive, small,
weak, open, female, dark).
One must not without resisting (in time) let oneself be swept along (or away) by the unfavorable
circumstances, nor permit ones steadfastness to be shaken. One can achieve such, by maintaining
ones inner light, while remaining outwardly yielding (giving in) and tractable (manageable, well-
willing). And when one encounters opposition, unfriendliness, or enmity, one can achieve such by
refraining from openly contesting, or being immodest. With such an attitude one can overcome (even)
the greatest difficulties (adversity, or opposition).
In some situations indeed, one must hide ones brilliance (fire, brightness, activating or draining of
energy), in order to make ones will prevail (survive), in spite of the difficulties (in ones immediate
environment).
Thus, likewise, it may be right not to let ones plans (or intentions) be known, as to not be touched by
ones enemies. And neither is it the time to try to influence, or convince (the) others (with ones
concepts or ideas): one does not listen or tries to surpass one (outsmarting one), or (ab-) use ones
position (of power, or authority).
Likewise, this may depict (some-) one who associates in his personality, up to the deepest level of his
being, with refinement (finesse) and understanding, and who in his behavior is expressing gentleness
(tolerance, and well-willingness), and (joyful) acceptance, in order to overcome the misfortune (and
darkness) that is experienced.
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination in order to obtain profit from this
difficult situation, here, means that one is (was, might, will, or should be) hiding, withdrawing,
concealing, and/or restraining ones light (fire, brilliance, brightness, energy - of ones mind and
personality, or nature).
In some situations indeed, a man must hide his brilliance (fire, brightness, activating or draining of
energy), in order to make his will prevail in spite of the difficulties in his immediate environment.

Perseverance must dwell in inmost consciousness, and not being discernible from without (the
exterior, at the surface). Only thus is a man able to maintain his will in the face of difficulties (the
incalculable) - which here is represented by the lower inner trigram the water.
It may be that an unpleasant side of ones personality is dominating, or that one is destroying ones
opportunities. Only if ones inner light (brightness, or brilliance) is not extinguished, is one able, (as) by
the reading of the comments to this hexagram, to take the advice, and change, or take measures in
accordance with it.
It may in certain cases be recommended to travel or go out, moving away from oppressing forces or
circumstances.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) keeping ones will aimed at what is virtuous and correct. Only
thus, is (might, or will) one (be) able to maintain ones will, in the face of the difficulties.
Commentary
The symbol of the darkening of the light (fire, brilliance, energy) comes from observation of the
hexagram itself, where Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting,
activating or draining of energy) is under (within) Kun, the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak,
open, female, dark). The fire is thus hidden and is therefore darkened externally.
The lessons one has to learn during the course of ones evolution are many and varied. Here,
potentially strong and good persons are faced with many hindrances and adversities, so that they
cannot directly be of benefit to others, just as King Wen was held in captivity before the time was ripe
for him to escape and take over the throne of China. People of lesser status often find themselves in
situations where all their endeavors seem to be in vain, or something inevitably occurs to keep their
desires from materializing. In such times one must veil one's light, and let silent inner strength take
over. Eventually good will prevail.
~ Profile
Basically, these persons are of good character, and will try to do their best according to the dictates of
the circumstances in which they find themselves.
Observe how a mother veils her light, and puts herself on the level of the child she is teaching.
Superior persons in any position will do well to emulate the mother's good example.

Lines
"JLK: Darkening of the light (hidden brightness and exhaustion, hiding ones light, hidden
clarity, oppression) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in,
for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or in
the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
will be misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) a crying (sobbing, or restless) pheasant.
During the flight the light is darkened.

One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) a (bright) bird "flying" (moving, or
progressing), but with drooping (lowered) wings.
The Great Man (the superior one), when busy (when fulfilling an endeavor, or pursuing a goal,
or aim), sometimes does not eat for three (or several) days, so much does he try to achieve
success; (Even if) this leads others to gossip, or make jokes about it.
If one has a place to go to (an endeavor, goal, or aim to fulfill) there will be gossip;
The host is (was, might, will, or should be) making a joke of one, or gossip.
JLK: If one doesn't persist in what is bound not to be (or remain) strong, no harm should
remain of things."
JLK: Flying with "drooping wings" is not something that can be sustained for a long time - if possible
at all - compared to flying with strong wings that are used the right way, in the right angle(s). Neither
does it look right, which may cause others to gossip or ridicule one.
All this means that one has to find a better way of doing things, and/or find help, and/or not go on for
much longer with what is at the center of the matter at hand. In the absence of any of these solutions,
one will have to reckon with not being able to achieve success (with ones endeavor, and/or with what
is at the center of what is occurring), and/or not being able to reach the desired (right, and/or
targeted) end of things, and/or recovery (of ones health, or other).
This is the first line of the lower trigram, the fire. To deal with the situation, the 1st line of hex. 30, the
Fire (the Illuminating, That Which Sticks And Exhausts), speaks of "walking drunkenly", yet with
"respect".
Gathered sources: Here we see how during an endeavor the light is darkened and how "the bird"
seems to go through great tribulations while the others gossip.
Nothing is said about the present circumstances potentially bringing good or bad fortune. It will
depend on how well the one (or those) at the center of the matter at hand will handle the occurring
situation.
General comment
Many birds, in nature's world, will droop their wings and feign injury, even though they slightly hurt, in
order to escape danger.

Here at the bottom of the hexagram, the light is only slightly harmed and darkened, and attempts to
protect itself, following nature's example.
Thus, this line is about how some people will do anything they think is necessary to survive or that is
necessary for their goal.
It may mean that one withdraws from the struggles or it may mean that, so to speak or actually, one
goes without food for three days.
This line can in some cases be about how one may be engaged in a struggle that pushes one to the
limits of ones own resources and strength, while in other cases it may be about how one makes
others think that one is incapable of fending for oneself, in order to escape difficulties.
The "host" or persons who are present, observe what one is doing. They may speak disparagingly
about ones actions and apparent weakness, while in reality one follows a wise and fortuitous course.
~ Profile
Some of these persons develop themselves so effectively in their quiet way that nearly everyone else
is surprised when they are chosen for promotion and positions of responsibility.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a wise, knowledgeable and experienced man, who
knows how to protect himself and others. He will be honest, trustworthy and sincere, and therefore
free from blame. In times of peace he will be in a high administrative position. In times of anarchy and
disorder he will be in a position of authority to quell the disturbances and restore order. He will have
an active life and face many dangers, but will avoid disaster.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be quite ambitious, will meet hindrances often, and he
will establish some merit but will never be wealthy. He will feign illnesses, etc..., in order to gain
sympathy and control over others.
Beware of trying to progress too fast.
When working for the public good put aside selfish considerations. Move ahead only so far as you
can go in safety.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) darkening of the light (hidden brightness
and exhaustion, hiding ones light, hidden clarity, oppression) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves
Darkening of the light (hidden brightness and exhaustion, hiding ones light, hidden clarity,
oppression) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the
consensus).
There is (was, might, or will be) darkening of the light.

The bright bird is (was, might, or will be) (as) crying (sobbing), having been wounded (and/or
"overturned").
Due to the darkening of the light (or brilliance, and due to exhaustion), one (what occurs) is
(was, might, or will be) (as) wounded at the left thigh.
But one is (was, might, will, or should be) succeeding in saving (giving help to) oneself (and/or
things) thanks to the strength (and help) of (what is like) a horse (or several horses).
In that case, Good fortune!"
JLK: Here, one is (was, might, or will be) suffering an injury that may effectively disable ones capacity
to move normally, although the injury is not very serious (not fatal).
However, one is (was, might, or will be) helped by what is as a strong horse (or several horses).
This line may hold the advice that one should not get dramatic or preoccupied by what is (or could be)
as an injury (or setback), but concentrate on helping others, and oneself as well, while at the same
time accepting help when it's offered and useful.
This is the 2nd line of the lower trigram, the fire. The 2nd line of hex. 30, the Fire (the Illuminating,
that which Sticks and Exhausts), shows one being "in ones place in yellow, shining with brightness",
which indicates how one should aim to be under the occurring circumstances.
One might have to adapt to the help one will receive from the "horse(s)". It might make one go slower,
or faster, depending on the context. One should be "shining" and/or "bright" (clear, energetic, cutting)
whichever way it is.
Conversely, this line may indicate one should question if for the matter at hand there is indeed help
such as from a horse (or several horses), to compensate for ones wounds (and/or reduced capacity
to move). If this is not occurring in an obvious (material) way, still, the way of doing things can form
such a help. Therefore good fortune can be obtained whichever way one moves, as long as one uses
the way of moving to ones advantage (to help ones situation).
General comment
Line 5, the center line of trigram Kun, earth, and the correlate line 2, tries to control the latter, being
the center line of trigram Li, light, but only succeeds in inflicting a disabling wound in the thigh.
Despite the wound, the man depicted here can still ride, so he uses a horse (or several horses) in

effecting deliverance of himself and those dependent on him. Horses represent mobility and flexibility,
under the control of wisdom, adjusting to time and circumstances.
~ Profile
These persons are likely to be in medical, legal or certain scientific careers, or in the military service
as officers.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He has dignity, power and analytical ability, in both his
professional and personal lives. He will try to cultivate the right way and follow it courageously. He will
be in charge of important enterprise whereby evil will be kept away from many people.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have sufficient ability and experience
to attain his aims, but at times will exhibit outrageous behavior and treat others cruelly. He is likely to
have many troubles.
Use nature as an example.
Your progress seems impeded. By flexibility you can overcome all hindrances.
and exhaustion, hiding ones light, hidden clarity, oppression) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the
Darkening of the light
While hunting in the South, the rebel chieftain is captured;

The light (the active, the strong) is wounded (hurt).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not acting, anticipating, and/or persevering in a haste.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not doing the divination hastily."
JLK: Here, it must first be determined who (or what) is (as) "the rebel chieftain", and what the reason
is why "the light" is wounded.
Under the presently occurring circumstances, those who are light (creative, strong, right, good) must
take things slowly, i.e. "not act in a haste". If one is (was, might or will be) not taking things slowly,
there will be a "darkening of the light", a time of darkness where what is light (good, strong, male) will
be wounded (hurt).

This means that here, in many cases waiting (refraining from the action being considered, and/or
adapting accordingly) can result in things getting resolved by themselves.
The "rebel chieftain" is the one resisting to the forces in power while actively pursuing a goal
(hunting). Even if this is in good faith (not necessarily always the case), presently it's not the right time
to resist forcefully to what would seem to be overwhelming difficulties. Being captured, loosing ones
freedom of action, is no light ordeal and may result in a genuine experience of "darkening of the light"
(which is, was, or will be wounded). Instead, if still possible one should avoid pursuing the action
being considered (the hunt), and/or one should patiently adapt to the circumstances, as the difficulties
may resolve by themselves, or in alternative ways one is not yet considering.
On the other hand, if the matter at hand shows those who are light (creative, strong, right, good)
capturing the rebel, the entire operation (or hunt) on itself is what causes the light to be wounded, due
to the darkness (smallness, weakness, evil) involved. Again, taking things slowly can avoid things
getting out of hand.
This line is the 3rd line of the lower trigram, the earth (the female, the passive, the receptive). The
nature of the occurring difficulties is further described in the 3rd line of hex. 2, the Earth (the
Receptive). It shows how one should keep ones abilities under restraint, complete ones mission
(working for the King) not seeking new (other) employment, and focus on doing things at the right
time (and with the right circumstances).
This is also the lowest line of the upper inner trigram, the water (danger, difficulties, the incalculable).
The 3rd line of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness) shows how (under the circumstances)
there is no "right way" to do things. One must change ones objectives (goals).
Since this is the upper line of the lower trigram the fire, a yang (active, strong) line, it will help to
enforce strong clarity and brightness, in other words: to see things with the clarity of daylight, and not
to give in to dark forebodings without due reason (i.e. such as not to be "captured" by these).
Additionally, line 3 of hex. 30, the Fire (the Illuminating, That Which Sticks And Exhausts) shows that
one should only act when circumstances are appropriate, when there is brightness (clarity, fire,
energy, life-force, resources), and/or if circumstances ("things") are presenting themselves (as) with
the brightness (clarity, fire, energy, resources) of the sun, and/or with the enthusiasm of someone who
"beats the drum and sings" (who is alive and "vibrating").
Also, it's not right to complain. One must (learn to) understand (and work with) the "rhythm of life".
Gathered sources: Darkening of the light (hiding brightness, hidden exhaustion) during (what is as)
the hunt in the south.
One (what occurs) might be (is, was, or will be) as a crying (moaning, or shot) pheasant.
The Great leader (of what is, was, might, or will be occurring) is (was, might, or will be) captured
(shot, or won over). It means that one is (was, might, or will be) succeeding to be capturing the
(Great) leader of those who are (or that which is) rebelling, but it may (also) mean one runs the risk to
be captured (shot, or "wounded") when being the leader (beginning, or taking the lead) - in particular
when acting (and/or doing the divination) in a haste.
One must not expect to be successful with (ones) action, firmness, perseverance, anticipation, or
doing the divination too soon (too much in advance of things).
Going on (with things) in a way that is too fanatic, madly persevering, and or hastily, should be
avoided; One should not try to correct all at once.

While hunting in the south the light is wounded. The rebel leader is captured. Do not expect
corrections to be made all at once. Excesses must be avoided.
There occurs a darkening of the light (hiding brightness, and/or hidden exhaustion) during (what is as)
the hunt in the south.
JLK: The "rebel chieftain" mentioned in the text, represents someone who is rebelling against an
oppressive power. Here, the leader (against oppression and/or other negative circumstance) is
captured (and/or subdued), which results in a (figurative) "darkening" of the light.
It may seem as if success is with the one (or those) at the center of the matter at hand, but it must
always be remembered that those who are powerful today, may be fallen tomorrow.
One should take ones time to assess the situation (and not decide too hastily based on the
divination). This can mean that one should either take the time to do the divination, and/or take ones
time to act.
Alternatively, it may also mean that going on (with things) in a way that is too fanatic, madly
persevering, should be avoided; One should not try to correct all at once.
Gathered sources: The fact that one is (was, might, or will be) prepared to be undertaking the hunt
(chase, pursuit, traveling) in (or towards) the south, indicates ones firm intention to achieve good
(truthful) results.
On one hand it may mean that (certain) signs (or facts) which have (might, or will) come to the
surface, are (have been, might, or will be) ignored, which captures, or wounds the leader (in name).
That is why in that case, one has to be expecting a throwback, which is (might, or will be)
experienced as difficulties (peril, or danger).
On the other hand, this may (also) indicate that one is (was, might, or will be) gaining insight why, or
how, things went wrong. One may (be capable to) neutralize (or capture) the one(s) who (or that
which) caused the problems (or darkness). But the difficulties (and resulting evil) are deeply rooted,
and widely spread.
The south (also) indicates the work. Therefore this line may indicate ones preparedness to (go to)
work. But one should not pursue things with too much firmness, perseverance, anticipation or (while
doing the) divination, trying to achieve too much, too soon.
It may seem as if chance were at work. While one who is strong, and loyal, is striving eagerly and in
good faith to create order, one is (was, might, or will be) meeting the ringleader of the disorder, as if
by accident, seizing (or catching) him (or her). Thus victory is (was, might, or will be) achieved. But in
abolishing abuses, bad practice, habits, and/or issues, one must not be too hasty. This would turn out
badly due to the fact that the abuses have been existing so long.
What really matters, and what is really important, is the way things will be enduring (persevere, or
hold) (adequately) through (with, and in) time (as the constancy, or the "constantly changing" of
things, can (also) allow for exceptions).
This is a time of traveling (wandering), and ambiguity (quarrel, dispute, double-facedness). A speedy
augury (prognosis, or outcome) is not (yet) possible.
General comment
The trigram Li, light, and south, seeks to rise, in the natural course of events, and in doing so
encounters the trigram Kun, which represents the south-west. Kun also signifies a multitude of
people. It is only natural that one runs into trouble if one tries to bring light to many people at once.

Furthermore, the most difficult thing to impart to people is the need to break away from the old and
inject something new. Habit is strong, and overcoming it is no simple task.
~ Profile
While these persons know what ought to be done, their position (line 3) is such that it is definitely not
right for them to try it in practice. Judiciousness and caution are advised regarding all actions, but this
advice quite probably will not be followed.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a leader and a rabble-rouser, trying to promote change
to overcome longstanding ills but without much success: He will have frequent disputes with others.
However, his personal life may be quite satisfying.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a demagogue, with poor judgment resulting in a life
full of constant difficulties in every department
Proceed slowly with reforms.
Meditate and concentrate. Find new ideas and put them into action.

4
and exhaustion, hiding ones light, hidden clarity, oppression) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the
Darkening of the light (hidden brightness and exhaustion, hiding ones light, hidden clarity,
oppression) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with, through)
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) entering into the left side of the belly (of the
dark land);
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) penetrating, and taking away (the heart of it).
(And) (should be) escaping (going out, or passing) through the gate (the door).
Thus, one is (was, might, or will be) able to carry out the mind appropriately in this way, and
one is (was, might, will, or should be) quitting the gate and courtyard of the lord of darkness.
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) getting at the heart of the matter (of the
darkening, restraining of the light, brilliance, or exhaustion); And leaves gate, and courtyard.
Taking (obtaining, finding, or penetrating) the (crying) bright bird's "heart", thanks to going
and coming (leaving, or passing) through "ones door (or gate) and courtyard (garden, and/or
community space)".
The bright bird (energetic, exhausting, and/or cutting) is darkened (darkening, restrained or
restraining) by what is light (but brilliant, or bright, clear energetic, exhausting, and/or
cutting ).
The "heart" of the bright bird (or of "the matter") is (was, might, or will be) (as) hidden (or
hiding), but (also) captured (catching, seizing or seized, turning around, or turned around)."
JLK: The understanding of this line can be complex in some cases, since this is a time of darkening of
the light, and one might not be able to view things with the brightness required. There might be
underlying themes that are more important than being considered for the matter at hand.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) finding (and/or penetrating) the heart of the matter at hand.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) escaping (going out, or passing) through the gate (the door).
The one who is (or should be) escaping, is moving away from the darkness (evil, weakness,
smallness). Thus here, if one is in the position of escaping something that could be experienced as a
darkening of the light, one is improving matters for oneself.
Still, various interpretations of the original Chinese ideograms result in many layered meanings.
One has entered "the domain of the lord of darkness" (not a small feat), penetrating, and taking away
"the heart" of it, and one is escaping: that must certainly be advantageous.
The question will be: who is (as) "the bright bird", and who is the one "taking its heart". If the bright
bird symbolizes the darkness that might be occurring (even if that would seem contradictory, seeing
the bird is "bright", yet representing darkness), then this can only be advantageous.

On the other hand, the Yi Jing allows for symmetry in this kind of symbolism, thus the bright bird
might also symbolize brightness, which here would be darkened - the theme of the hexagram. In that
case, if the bright bird escapes, this would be good.
In case of doubt, one should let oneself be guided by what is good (right, strong, creative, loving).
Gathered sources: There is brightness, and radiance overpowering, and dominating, like that of a
noisy and strange moving bird. One (or something) is entering into the left side of "the middle of the
body of the matter", the "belly of the dark land", the land of the earth (the smallness, the darkness, the
openness and the vulgarity).
This is indicating one (who) is (or may be) (like) "looking (penetrating) into the heart of the matter" (or
of "the bright bird" which is, or may be hidden, or hiding); Looking (or penetrating) deep inside (the
other), or at the basis of a situation.
One is able to carry out the purpose of the mind appropriately in this condition, and is quitting the gate
and courtyard of the lord of darkness, or "that which is dominating" in a "small, dark, and vulgar, albeit
major way"."
Opening, hiding, resisting persistently and unceasingly, but benefiting penetration of the heart of the
matter.
This is depicting a physical or practical seizing of the heart of the matter. But (one is yet to be)
avoiding to be seized, or captured.
The heart of the bright bird is seized: this means one has to assess who (or what) is bright (brilliant,
or exhausting), and who (or what) is seizing its heart. (The symbolism can be analogous to the
occurring situation in different ways at once.)
Physically, this can (also) indicate points or regions in the body, as with acupressure, or acupuncture.
It can specifically indicate body points like "the Central Courtyard", also called "Christ Consciousness
point", located on the mid-line of the body at the breastbone, slightly above (= 3 fingers above) the
Plexus Solaris. Penetrating at the left, one finds "The Dark Door" located two inches below, at half an
inch to the side.
Spiritually it depicts entering the dark (unclear, or open) side of the belly of the "dark" or receptive
land or domain.
One is able to carry out the matters of the mind, or the matters that are at hand, penetrating the
essence, free of being dominated by what is dark, vulgar and small.
One who is capable of understanding (the nature of) the hostile (enemy) forces, understands the
gravity of the danger, but nevertheless be capable to escape them.
It does mean some ritual blood-shedding however, which means one may be like "going through
darkness", as the heart is taken out of the "bright bird". But this does not necessarily has to be done
by associating with what is small (dark, low and vulgar). It can (and always should) be done by
pursuing (and following) the influence and anticipation of the mind, as this (and what will follow on it,
as well as everything else), causes projection by that which is (the) spiritual as well as (the) physical.
This line may depict a situation where one finds oneself close to the commander of darkness, closely
looking into his (or her) state of mind, and so discovering his (or her) most secret thoughts. In this
way one realizes that there is (was, might, or will be) no longer any hope of improvement, and thus
one is enabled (enabling, allowing oneself, or the other) to leave the scene of disaster before the
storm breaks.
In order to avoid the difficulties, one should (always) resolutely turn away of what is (unnecessarily)
dark, unclear, vulgar, bad, or, evil, though this should make one no less determined in dealing with

what is encountered.
Thus, this is a time where one may find some help (such as given by the Yi Jing), or where one is
(might, or will be) asking for it, but there is (was, might, or will be) difficulty (peril, or danger), and
darkness.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a high administrative position, probably in the
government. Will be wise, knowledgeable and judicious, with a keen sense of timing. He will ably
support his country, his enterprise, and his family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will use his talents for selfish purposes, He will possess little
virtue and be inclined to trickery, cunning and dishonesty. His activities will be injurious to himself and
others.
Revitalize your energies frequently.
You now intuitively know the heart and meaning of your opposition. You can bypass the situation if
you want to.

5
and exhaustion, hiding ones light, hidden clarity, oppression) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the

will be advantage.
The bright bird is (was, might, or will be) encountering (and/or is surrounded by) darkness;
The darkness (what is small) is (was, might, or will be) testing its brilliance, strength, and
endurance.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a bright bird that is crying (screeching, and/or
sobbing).
One (it) has to endure and manage living through the ordeal of being surrounded by darkness.
There is (was, might, or will be) darkening of the light as with Prince Chi.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like when Prince Chi's light was darkened.
Similarly, the superior one is (was, might, or will be) proceeding as a "restrained" or
"darkened bright bird".
JLK: In order to endure (manage, and/or cope with) things, one may have to withdraw from
(and/or not challenge) those in power (under the occurring circumstances), and/or feign being
not up to the task at hand, such as to avoid being crushed by the ruler (those in power, the
ruling consensus, and/or the trend), and/or by the occurring omni-present darkness (absence
of light, and/or lack of opportunity).
The firmness, and perseverance of Prince Chi shows that the light can (was, and will) not be
extinguished (that it could, and can not be supressed endlessly).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) a son at a trial (being tested), winnowing
(sifting, and/or analyzing); In that case one is not permitted to pause (rest, immobilize,
stacking up, pushing around or growing tough), indeed.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) like the Great Man's son, winnowing, sifting
(and/or analyzing) and separating (what is as) grain from chaff by (what is as) tossing it onto
and into the wind, distinguishing (considering, knowing, and/or clarifying) the Great and the
small, but (while) hidden, restrained and/or darkened.
Perseverance in righteous goals is (was, might, or will be) advantageous.
There is (was, might, or will be) profit (fortune, or advantage) in firmness, perseverance,
anticipating, and doing the divination."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, will, or should be) as a prisoner and/or
slave (or humble servant) and/or in an otherwise extremely disadvantageous position, while still trying
to hold on to what one believes in (and/or trying to be righteous).
Still, since here, persevering in what is right is (was, might, or will be) advantageous, if one is
"obscuring" (darkening, reducing) ones light (brightness, beauty, energy), i.e. by pretending to be
small (inferior, weak, receptive, female, dark, or evil) one is (was, might, or will be) escaping the

darkness one is (was, might, or will be) experiencing, or obtaining some form (degree) of advantage
and/or release.
Thus, alternatively and/or conversely, this line may indicate that one is (was, might, or will be) at risk
of getting ones light darkened (and/or being hidden), as would occur for a prisoner and/or slave (or
humble servant). If there is (was) still time, one may be (or has been) able to escape and avoid such
an ordeal.
From the life of Prince Chi and King Wen we can learn that even though presently one is living
through extremely unfavorable circumstances forcing one to "hide ones light", eventually one is (was,
might, will, or should be) finding (retrieving) ones freedom again, and see the removal of the
oppressive power (ruler) presently in place. But this will depend on how far things will have been
destroyed, or not, and how much (life-force) will remain to build things up anew.
This is a yin line in a place that is yang, and moreover representing the ruler (and/or ruling
consensus) of the hexagram (what occurs). This may mean that what is weak and inferior (bad, dark)
takes on too much power. It may on the other hand indicate it's necessary to be more receptive and
intuitive (giving support to ones inner voice) to deal with the dark forces that may influence the matter
at hand.
Gathered sources: The text refers to a historical situation that occurred in ancient China.
It depicts prince Chi when living at the court (under the regime) of the corrupt, and dark tyrant Zhou
Hsin. He was a relative of the tyrant and could not (allow himself to) withdraw from the court.
Therefore, he concealed (hiding, keeping out of the view) his true sentiments, and feigned insanity.
Thus could he survive the extremely unsympathetic and cruel circumstances of his dynasty (time).
Although he was held a slave, until King Wen overthrew the Zhou dynasty, he did not allow external
misery to deflect him from his (inner) convictions.
This provides a lesson for those who cannot leave their posts in times of darkness (smallness,
weakness, passiveness, openness, opacity). In order to escape danger, one needs invincible
perseverance (endurance) of spirit and redoubled caution in ones dealings with the world.
One who is not (adequately) strong, must be (appropriately) smart. This may be a time where one has
to put up a mask, hiding ones real face, or convictions. Here, the circumstances are the excuse for
the means that are used to overcome the difficulties. One may (even) have to lie, or "bend the truth"
(to what can not communicate, or associate by what is enlightened).
Thus, the instruction is to be light, even when submitted to restraining, receptive or dark
circumstances, or when forced to hold back.
During (what is like) a trial (and/or testing times), one will not allow a pause; Indeed. It is better to
anticipate, organize, disperse and confuse.
One is (was, might, or will be) (as) separating the "grain from the chaff"; Considering, and assessing
what is right, and what not.
One who wants to stay unharmed in the middle of danger (peril, or difficulties) must be firm,
persevering, anticipating, and doing the divination, while combining this with restraint (holding back),
and temporary acceptance (resting in things).
With these considerations in mind, the augury (prognosis, forecast) is favorable.
~ Profile
Prince Chi was held a prisoner and a slave. He feigned insanity to avoid being slain, yet inwardly held

on firmly to his beliefs. This is an example for persons born under this line to follow, should they
become involved in similar situations. These persons will work for others throughout their lives, and
mainly in conditions where they disagree with the policies and procedures in force.
They must remember that it is not what one does, but rather how one thinks and feels about one's
situation, the way one reacts, and one's freedom to control one's inner self that are important, not the
fact of being subservient to or dominated by others. External conditions exist for the lessons one is
meant to learn from them, and for the service one gives by coming to terms with them. There are
many ways to think, and many ways to serve.
These persons have a good number of lessons to learn.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be very knowledgeable, as well as having the necessary
common sense and wisdom to protect himself and his family from adversities. Worldly possessions
will have little or no meaning for him.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have many hardships, frequent changes of job, and
lengthy wanderings. His life will be full of sorrows and worries.
Keep your goals to yourself.
You may be called upon to perform an emergency function. Carry it out to the best of your ability.
and exhaustion, hiding ones light, hidden clarity, oppression) (as) in (for, with) the head (the
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) as a bright bird rising high up in Heaven (towards
what is bright, illuminating as well as exhausting), then descending down to earth (into
darkness, causing darkness, weakness, receptiveness, and/or evil).
Initially, mounting towards, and illuminating the four directions of the Universe;
Afterwards, descending into darkness (smallness, weakness, receptiveness, and/or evil) like
that of the earth.
There is (was, might, or will be) completion by (in the way of) giving in to the consequences."
JLK: This line describes the rise and fall of what is as a celestial body, like the sun. Notwithstanding
the apparent eventual gloominess of the image of this line, it doesn't exclude initial success and/or
good fortune. It merely indicates how darkness is destined to be abolished at its peak, while what is
light (from the fire) is destined to (ultimately) descend down to earth (hidden by darkness, smallness),
in a continuous cycle, like that of the sun orbiting the earth. The critical issue is how things will be

brought to their conclusion, and how one will deal with the inevitable darkness (smallness,
passiveness, and/or receptiveness) that will occur at that (later) stage.
This may indicate someone who is incompetent (and/or dishonest), after having given the impression
of being capable (and/or appropriately honest) for the task at hand. While at first things look good and
full of potential, this is only to be followed by failure and/or a state of not being able to bring things to
a good conclusion.
The right path to a good conclusion is that of "giving in to the consequences", i.e. by taking into
account the direction where things were already heading, and working with that.
Gathered sources: The image of this line depicts ones mounting to Heaven (towards what is light,
Great, strong, full of love, and creative) changed to a descending into (or towards) the earth (the
darkness, that which is small, giving in, yielding, and receptive). First one (what occurs) rises up and
succeeds (shines) brilliantly, but it is ones destiny to fall back (sink) into the earth (as a consequence
of not acting in a way that is appropriate, and/or that can be sustained).
When applied to state affairs, it shows how one (and/or that which is occurring) rises to power, yet
one is destined to lose it as part of a natural cycle and/or course (as one can not maintain ones
position).
The descent into darkness can be painful, brutal, and devestating (for "the bright bird"). It ends - after
all - in darkness (smallness, weakness, receptiveness, passiveness, and/or evil).
To one who has risen high, it is humiliating to (eventually) sink (this) deep (to end so low).
But, thus is the cosmic light of the sun in its daily round. Darkness and earthiness are the tombs.
Death always comes after life. After death comes a life.
Therefore, this is the time to gather strength and to be ascending. Like letting go and giving in to the
consequences, as to achieve completion. At the end (a later stage), one should anticipate a descent
into darkness (smallness, evil, weakness, receptiveness, passiveness), and if possible adapt ones
strategy to this (however, this line shows what is at the center of the matter at hand being in a
trajectory that is typically like that of the sun, meaning that it can't be changed).
Here, the forces of darkness abolish themselves at the very peak of their power. This gives room
(opportunity) for brightness to shine (to rise), illuminating "the four directions of the Universe".
The "bright bird" is rising through (amidst, in an environment of) darkness (smallness, evil,
receptiveness), as pictured by the lower trigram fire, rising through the higher trigram, the earth. Yet
this rising of brightness (fire) is destined to be followed by darkness (as it sinks back down).
Let one remind oneself: if there would be no darkness, there could not be light (and/or the experience
of it).
Thus here, the climax of the darkening has been (or will be) reached. Completion occurs in the way
of, or by "giving in to the consequences".
When understanding the cyclical character of the image of this line, and interpreting how it applies
both within and without, it also shows how after the dark force has reached its climax, it is (will be)
moving downwards (back) into the earth, (as) being destroyed. The dark power at first is (was, might,
or will be) holding so high a place, that it is (was, might, or will be) able to entangle all who are (were,
might, or will be) on the side of the good, and of the light. But in the end it perishes due to its own
darkness (smallness, weakness, receptiveness, passiveness, unclearness, openness, and/or evil), for
what is bad (inferior, and/or evil) must itself fall at the very moment when it has (or seems to have)
wholly overcome the good, and thus consumed the energy to which it owed its duration.

This line may indicate how one is (was, might, or will be) still under the shock of the impact of things,
and left behind, but one is (was, might, or will be) at the end of ones suffering: things may look dark,
but times will get better (albeit only slowly, and gradually). A better time is (might, or will be)
beginning, although all rising is to be followed by decline (darkness).
One should be very careful (on the alert, and apprehensive) such as not to risk losing what one
already owns (what is already, or still there), or to risk difficulties (peril, danger) which may occur after
the progress, or change.
The image of this line can also refer to (what is as) a Yoga stand, where one is standing on the head
(the brightness put below) while the feet are high up in Heaven, only as to come down (harmoniously,
while there is, or will be improvement) later.
Thus, here, mistakes (errors) are (were, might, or will be) corrected (or disappearing, moving down
"into" the earth): the light (greatness, and/or creativity) is allowed to come back, and shine, which (it is
important to emphasize!) will however be followed by a new period (or type) of darkness (smallness,
and/or receptiveness).
In difference with the 4th line of hex. 30, the Fire (the Illuminating, That Which Sticks And Exhausts),
here the decline of both brightness and darkness are the result of a natural cycle, and not the result of
a lack of balance (and/or an untimely exhaustion).
In a broader context, this line may hold the advice that one should know when to follow the natural
cycle as that of the sun and the stars, and when not to, as humans can follow their own versatile
(non-circular, non-fixed) trajectories. The wise man knows how to defeat the forces of darkness, by
remaining appropriately receptive and/or passive (applying the properties of the upper earth trigram to
counter the effects of the inner upper thunder trigram symbolizing movement, shock, arousal) as well
as appropriately bright and/or exhausting (applying the properties of the lower fire trigram to counter
the effects of the inner lower water trigram symbolizing difficulties, danger, incalculableness) with
appropriate modesty and/or discretion (due to the fire having sunk into/below the earth), always
staying with the light, knowing when to keep a straight (fixed) course like the sun (the stars), yet
always keeping freedom in his actions when the time calls for it. He knows when it is the right time to
shine the light, and when darkness (smallness, and/or evil) has to be left to its own devices while
waiting for the time that brightness will return.
Additionally, from the 8 elements cycles (see appendix) it can be understood that to counter and
break-up the impact of the earth (the darkness, smallness, evil, passiveness, and/or receptiveness),
one should apply the properties of the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and organizing, the
word, the legislative system).
~ Profile
This depicts a king or ruler who has it within him to become as a bright light in Heaven, but by having
no trust or faith in his subordinates and by wounding them at every turn, he meets his fate by being
deposed. These persons will rise to positions which they have either not duly earned, or are not
appropriately qualified for. They then run into difficulties and find they must start again elsewhere.
Some will profit early in life from their experiences, and will take steps to avoid similar difficulties in
the future. Some will never learn.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be wise and farsighted enough to profit from past mistakes
and adjust his plans to those which are firm and attainable. He will be in a high position, where he can
benefit others by leading properly and propitiously in times of disaster.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a very selfish wastrel, and he will use or walk over
others in his attempts to progress. In later years he will be punished for his earlier mistreatment of
others.

Learn from past mistakes.
Implement something new to replace something old. Also, make sure whether or not you have
transgressed divine law.

Hexagram 37, the Family Bond (the Allegiance, the Commitment)
- Jia Ren (Chia Jên)
The theme of this hexagram is the bond (relationship, and/or commitment) that exists and/or is
required within a family, a clan, a household, a group of individuals (or things) with similar affinities
(preferences, commitments), or as related to a commercial commitment. It's about the state of the
bond (relationship, commitment), the laws that the family (and/or allegiance) lives by, and the way it is
organized and managed.
The Image says:
"the family bond; the way of managing the family; the allegiance; the clan; the bonding;
the household; the way of organizing a household; the blessings and troubles of the family;
reciprocal commitment; the commitment and/or lack of commitment; the affinity; proximity;
a deal that has been made; the commercial commitment; honoring a deal or failing to honor it;
alchemy that is organizing, confusing, and/or penetrating; the propaganda show;
the message from (through, and/or by) the light:
The wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and organizing) below the fire.
The wind (is) projected by the fire.
The wind comes forth from fire; The wood feeds the fire.
The brightness and the smoke created by the fire is carried into all directions by the wind.
This is the image of the family and managing it, which displays and teaches the way(s) of
managing the family (the clan, those of kin, that which is alike, the household, ones
allegiance).
Enlightenment is organized and organizing but also confused, confusing, and carried into all
directions.
The superior one, in accordance with this, is (was, might, will, or should be) ordering his
words (and/or ways of expressing himself) according to the truth of things, and his conduct in
such a way that it is uniformly consistent. His words and actions are (were, might, will, or
should be) beholding substance, and are (were, might, will, or should be) constant and
consistent with family (house) or clan rules.
JLK: The Great Man will know when, how, and why things join (come, bond) together, or not;
He will know in advance who and/or what will do so, or not.
Even when some things are joined at one time, they can be separated (dissolved) at a later
time."
JLK: Hex. 37, the Family Bond (the Allegiance, the Commitment), shows the image of wood (the
wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice
system, banners, the experience) that is rising high, with at its feet a fire (illumination, clarifying,
brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), and/or it can be seen as
representing wind and smoke (what is confusing, spreading, turbulence) being projected high by a fire
(heat), like the smoke of an open-air camp-fire that is carried in all kind of directions by the wind, or
the smoke of a chimney of a (fortified) house. This results in the idea of a fire around which a family
(household, and/or other allies) is gathered, and the bond that is thus created (and/or occurring). This

fire gives support (energy) to what is occurring in an organic way (as symbolized by the wood / the
wind), yet at the same time it will consume (exhaust) it.
The conditions and circumstances of a family bond (allegiance, commitment) will strongly depend on
how these are at the beginning of the family (allegiance, commitment) coming into existence, while it
brings opportunity for many new beginnings, as described by inner hex. 64, Preparing and Beginning
(Before Completion, At the Beginning).
While the wood trigram contains a preponderance of light (yang) elements (its 2 yang lines), trees
and plants can not grow on fire, just like they couldn't grow on burning lava (only after lava cools
down, loosing its "fire", can it provide the most fertile soil).
In a general way, this hexagram may indicate that what matters for the issue at hand, is commitment,
and/or dealing with commitment or the lack of it, as within a family or clan, or for business relations.
One may have to cast the Yi again to assess if those involved have such commitment, to what
degree, and/or in which way. Appearances can be deceiving!
The opposite of commitment is opposition and estrangement, which here comes from negligence
(excessive passiveness, weakness), which the inferior one (those who are small) may indulge in, but
which the superior one will always avoid. The conditions of opposition and estrangement are
described by the reverse of this hexagram, hex. 38, the Estranging Opposition (the Alienation, the
Strange). The present hexagram describes the conditions of commitment, but also about dealing with
estrangement and opposition, by applying the right ways of managing a family (a clan, a business
relation).
There is a parallel to be made with hex. 22, Considering Grace (the Beauty, the Appearance),
showing a fire below the mountain, where there is beauty (and/or a beautiful image), but where there
is a risk of betrayal (not viewing things in full), which is a characteristic of fire (illumination, clarifying,
brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), which is the lower trigram,
both for the present hexagram and hex. 22. In hex. 22 the fire changes (betrays) the image of the
mountain, and/or the mountain hides a part of what can be known, in hex. 37 the fire changes
(betrays) the image of the wood, and/or the wood hides a part of what can be known.
It may be that opposition occurs as a result of the image or ideas one has advertised (expressed),
and that are carried around (spread) by the wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the
softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience), occurring as the
upper trigram. However, if one has applied the correct rules for managing the family, there should be
no significant problems, and there will be advantage in the end.
Gathered sources: The "substance" of what is created by the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness,
projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), such as the light and smoke, is carried
into all directions, as symbolized by the wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the
softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience).
This indicates the uniting (or the undoing of it), the union, commitment, or lack of these, of those of
kin, or those within the clan.
Something is created by the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting,
activating or draining of energy), and carried around in all directions by the wind (the wood, the softly
the experience). Therefore it comes "back" to the family.
Likewise, real authority finds its basis in knowledge and skill [JLK: as well as a fundamentally
supportive attitude, in a way that is right], not in a difference of position, or in some hierarchy, or
mannerism.
Heat creates energy: this is signified by the wind stirred up by the fire and issuing forth from it. This

represents influence working from within outward.
The same thing is needed in the regulation of the family. Here too, the influence on others must
proceed from ones own person.
In order to be capable of producing such an influence, ones words must have power, and this they
can have only if they are based on something real, just as a flame depends on its fuel. Words have
influence only when they are pertinent and clearly related to definite circumstances. General
discourses and admonitions have no effect whatsoever. Furthermore, the words must be supported
by ones entire conduct, just as the wind is made effective by its duration. Only firm and consistent
conduct will make such an impression on others that they can adapt and confront to it. If word and
conduct are not in accord and not consistent, they will have no effect.
The Judgment says:
"A family bond, a way of managing the family, allegiance, a clan, bonding, the household, a
way of organizing a household, the blessings and troubles of a family, reciprocal commitment
and/or lack of commitment, affinity, proximity, honoring a deal or failing to honor it, a
commercial commitment, alchemy that is organizing, confusing, and/or penetrating, a
propaganda show, a message from (through, and/or by) the light:
The conditions these indicate are showing the truth (essence, and/or crucial aspect) of the
matter; Considering these will lead to success.
The truth need not be proved true with anything else but itself;
Truth shines by itself.
JLK: But one must be willing (open) to receive (see, feel, and/or understand) it.
The truth is (was, might, will, or should be) shining by itself, wide and afar, for all to see;
Yet the inferior one can not see it, nor understand it, nor put it into practice.
He hides truth with lies, confuses ugliness with beauty, and abomination with success.
The reasons for this are hiding in his heart. Sometimes the reasons are good, generally they're
not. He lacks the power to separate the corn from the chaff, and thus he is (was, might, or will
be) making the wrong choice(s), and does the wrong thing(s).
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) aware of all this, and adapts to it in the
most practical (adequate, and/or effective) way(s).
He knows, and thus immediately recognizes and acknowledges genuine truth, beauty, and
success.
He will make sure to understand who (and/or what) can be trusted (and/or to what extent), who
(and/or what) belong(s) together, and who (and/or what) doesn't.
He understands things because he keeps the feelings (emotions) in his heart stable (straight,
honest, sincere) in what is good (right). That is why he is (was, might, will, or should be)
making the right choice(s), and does the right thing(s).
The superior one knows that those who are inferior can not receive what is (truly) superior,
and that those who are (truly) superior can (and/or should) not be led into inferior ways.
If one is (was, or will be) associating (engaging) with those with whom one has no (genuine,
sincere) inner bond (allegiance, affinity, proximity), and/or who have no bond with ones
causes (goals), there will be problems (difficulties, danger).
Those who associate (engage) with those who are alike, and/or with those with whom one
shares interests, will get results in accordance with their nature, and the nature of their bond
(allegiance).
There is (was, might, or will be) profit in the divination, anticipation and perseverance as by a

woman (what is small, weak, or receptive)."
Gathered sources: For the realization of what is taught in this hexagram, or for the regulation of the
family (or household), what is most advantageous is that the woman (the earth, the receptive,
passive, small, weak, open, dark) is firm and correct and/or to look and act ahead of things from the
perspective of a woman (the earth, the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, dark).
This means one should carefully listen to what the woman (what is female) has to say (indicate), or
not, and follow up on the information.
Thus, if one is (as) a woman (small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, or open) this hexagram
indicates fortune (profit, or advantage) for her. When one is (as) a man (Great, strong, creative,
active, light, straight, or filling) this hexagram is fairly negative for him, unless there is a changing line
being (specifically) positive.
The foundation of the family is the relationship between husband and wife. The tie that holds the
family together lies in the loyalty and perseverance of the wife. Her place is within (like the second
line), while that of the husband is without (like the fifth line).
Commentary
The trigram Sun, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the
organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience), representing the eldest daughter, is
above and leading Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting,
activating or draining of energy), representing the middle daughter. Hence the symbolism is that it is
advantageous for women to be firm and correct.
The individual lines depict the family and the proper relations within the family, e.g., line 1 is the
youngest son, while line 6 is the patriarch or father. Lines 3 and 5 are symbolic of brothers while the
relationship between lines 5 and 2 represents the relations between husband and wife. Lines 2 and 4
(yin lines) represent women in the family, properly surrounded and protected by their menfolk (the
yang lines). Hence the over-all meaning for the hexagram of the family.
Correct family relations are the pillars of Confucianism, especially those depicted above. Quite
naturally, too, wind (the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society,
the justice system, banners, the experience), Sun, rises from fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness,
projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), Li, reflecting the inner spirit which should
pervade family relations. For this spirit to continue there must be substance in which to generate it.
This comes from the patriarch, or superior man, who gives duration to the way in which things should
be done, through the profundity of his words.
~ Profile
Persons born under this hexagram are knowledgeable regarding the customs of their society, and
adhere to them instinctively. The superior ones try to establish correct relationships in all activities
with which they are associated. They are cautious in their speech, only speaking after due reflection
as to the probable consequences of their words. Their character is stable and resolute, and can be
relied on by others. They act firmly according to the dictates of whatever circumstances they are in.

Lines
"JLK: The family bond (managing the family, the household, reciprocal commitment, honoring
a deal or failing to honor it, affinity) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or
The superior one (and/or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) regulating the way of
managing the family (the clan, the bonding, the allegiance) at the beginning (the feet, when
young, in the earliness), and/or in the way of moving (advancing).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) establishing (applying) restrictive regulations in
ones household (family, or clan).
The will has not yet changed.
Regrets vanish.
JLK: But if the way of managing the family (the clan, the bonding, the allegiance) at the feet,
and/or at the beginning (when young, in the earliness), and/or in the way of moving
(advancing), is not in accordance with what is superior and right, then there will be (new)
regrets."
JLK: This line concerns the way one is regulating ones household and/or family (or clan). If it is done
the right way, there will be good results in numerous and unsuspected ways. If not done right, results
will be bad or worse.
Thus, conversely, if the way one is regulating ones household and/or family (or clan) is not right,
and/or lacking wisdom (maturity, knowledge, understanding), then there will be regrets.
The fact that one (what occurs) is (as) "establishing (applying) restrictive regulations in ones
household (family, or clan)", may refer to regulations (or ways of doing things) that are either well-
designed and balanced, or too harsh (in particular when dealing with those who are young, and/or
what is young, new, early), and/or some form of isolation, and/or keeping things at close proximity,
that it produces. This can be good, or bad, depending on the context.
Gathered sources: "One establishes restrictive regulations in ones household": before any change
has taken place in the wills (of (the) others).
This also means that one is (was, might, will, or should be) regulating that which occurs, before this is
(to be) noticed by (the) others and/or before disorder could come about.
The family must form a well-defined unit within which each member knows his place. From the
beginning each child (or member) must be accustomed to firmly established rules of order, before
ever its will is directed to other things. If we begin too late to enforce order, when the will of the child
(or member) has already been overindulged, the whims and passions, grown stronger with the years,
offer resistance and give cause for regrets.
JLK: If one tries to enforce order in ways that are too harsh, too unjustified, and/or too frequent and
unnecessary, then the results will never be as hoped for, and there will be regrets (at some stage, in
some form).

Gathered sources: If we insist on order at the outset, occasions for regret may arise - in general
social life these are unavoidable - but the remorse always disappears again, and everything rights
itself. For there is nothing more easily avoided and more difficult to carry through than having to
correct a situation that is spoiled and has turned sour.
This line is at the beginning, in the lowest place. Hence it represents the time when the will of an
individual has not yet changed for the worse. Here is the point at which to intervene and prevent
change.
General comment
If everyone’s position within the family (or any other grouping) is firmly and rightly circumscribed, all
cause for regrets vanishes. Everyone then knows his or her responsibility, as well as the limits within
which they have the freedom to act (or within which things occur). All things are then carried out
properly, arguments are kept to a minimum, and the feelings of individuals are duly respected.
~ Profile
These persons try to emulate the foregoing principles, wherever they are and at all levels of activity. It
is a pleasure to be associated with such people, especially because of the harmonious results they
attain.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be highly talented in his specialty, and a man of virtue and
integrity. He will analyze all matters deeply and initiate appropriate actions, whether these be for
himself, his enterprises, his family or his country. He will know how to adapt to any situation and will
invariably have favorable results. He will also gain wealth and position.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a talented person, on a lesser scale, who is
careful and humble. His life will flow smoothly and he will have considerable affluence. He win be
happy and contented.
Define all matters.
Establish firm rules and guide lines for whatever you are engaged on, or are commencing.

2
required) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or
regional).
The family bond (managing the family, the household, reciprocal commitment, honoring a deal
or failing to honor it, affinity) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the
way of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by)
the orders being given by the regional chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King (ruler,
ruling consensus).
will be advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not following ones whims;
One must attend to the preparation of food (life supporting activities).
The good fortune of this occurring in the second line depends on devotion and gentleness.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) as a woman (small, weak, receptive) who is taking
nothing on herself, but in her central place attending to the preparation of food (of what will
nourish).
Through correctness like that of a woman there will be good fortune."
Gathered sources: Here, nothing is (was, might, or will be) achieved, unless the matter at hand
concerns a household matter (and/or life supporting activities), and ones actions are constructive
and/or nourishing.
The good fortune attached to this line is due to ones docility, and the humility of ones action.
Line 2 symbolizes the wife (a woman, the receptive, the small, the passive, the vulgar, the weak). She
is admonished not to strive for independence, but rather to carry out her normal duties in the society
in which she is living. Such behavior reflects a willingness to serve others (a fundamental precept for
all mankind) within the limits of her means and to the best of her ability.
The general advice given here is to seek nothing by means of force and/or impulsively, but to quietly
confine oneself to the duties at hand.
JLK: If what is at the center of the matter at hand is nourishing (in a way that is appropriate), then this
is good.
However, conversely this line may indicate that one is occupying oneself too much with (exclusively)
life supporting activities, such as acquiring and/or preparing food, and/or that one is exclusively
concerned by ones own (short-term) affairs (interests, profits, even if small). This is right for who is
small (female), but for who is Great (male) it is regrettable.
~ Profile
These persons will always do the best they can for others, and render the maximum of service within
the limits prescribed for them. They will constantly be aware of the needs of others and will try to fill
them, as well as carrying out their duties and responsibilities with a minimum of supervision.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a person who likes people, to be with them and to help
them, and who enjoys notable social relations with others. He loves well, and will be loved well in
return. He will be prosperous, healthy and happy, with a good family life. Women with this controlling
line will make exceptionally good wives and mothers.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a good life of service. However he will achieve only
a modest degree of affluence.
Attend to assigned duties meticulously.
Be receptive. Carry out your assigned duties well. Do not try to lead now.
required) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues
Sharpness and severity within the family brings remorse.

Good fortune comes from seriousness.
If women and children dally and laugh, misfortune."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, seriousness and commitment are required, but without
(excessive) sharpness and severity. If the members of the family (or clan) dally and laugh, then the
seriousness will be gone, and this will bring misfortune.
On the other hand, if lack of seriousness doesn't seem to be the problem at present, then this line
may point to the fact that one is actually being too sharp and severe, and/or that the matter at hand is
(was, might, will be) causing things to be (too) sharp and severe.
In some cases, both may be the case at the same time. One may be too severe, and/or the matter at
hand may bring too much sharpness and severity, while at the same time there is too much dallying
and laughing by those who are like women and children, which destroys whatever seriousness that is
(was, might, will, or should be) occurring otherwise.
Being too severe or demanding on the members of the family will bring regrets. But neither will it be
useful to be too lenient. If the members of the family are not taking things seriously in an appropriate
way, then there will be problems.
In an alternative context, this line may point to the fact that if the matter that is at the center of ones
inquiry doesn't demand too much effort and/or severity of one, then it will be fortunate to go on with it
while being appropriately serious and dedicated.

Gathered sources: In the family the proper mean between severity and indulgence ought to prevail.
Too great severity toward one's own flesh and blood leads to remorse. The wise thing is to build
strong dikes within which complete freedom of movement is allowed each individual. But in doubtful
instances too great severity, despite occasional mistakes, is preferable, because it preserves
discipline in the family, whereas too great weakness leads to disgrace.
General comment
Those who go to either extreme, i.e. being too severe and domineering on the one hand, or too lax
and unconcerned on the other, are bound to have difficulties. This is too evident to need further
comment. The right course is a thoughtfulness that respects others as individuals of worth and dignity.
Seriousness also includes being kind and forgiving.
~ Profile
Persons with this controlling line may vary widely in the traits they display in their relationships, within
their families and with others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be thoughtful, serious and humane in all his relationships.
He will be a person of stable character and personal dignity. He will be an example to others, and a
leader who can regulate major enterprises and maintain order with ease. He will have a good life in all
respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is likely to be temperamental, with an easily roused temper.
He is also likely to be a vehement iconoclast, and indulge in carnal pleasures to extremes. He will ruin
his family.
Sharpness and severity in human relations are damaging.
Beware of using harsh words, or you will lose control of the situation.

4
required) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household,
ones emotions).
The family bond (managing the family, the household, reciprocal commitment, honoring a deal
or failing to honor it, affinity) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in
(by, with, through) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) enriching the family (the clan, those
related).
Like a woman (one who is open, receptive, passive, or dark) enriching (being a treasure to) the
family (the clan, or household).
Great good fortune, for one is devoted and in ones place."
Gathered sources: "The family is enriched, and there is Great good fortune": due to the docility of
what is occurring, and due to the fact that the line is in its correct place.
Someone (or something) small (weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, yielding, or open) is (was,
might, or will be) enriching those who are alike (the others, those of kin, the clan).
It is upon the woman of the house that the well-being of the family depends. Well-being prevails when
expenditures and income are soundly balanced. This leads to great good fortune.
In the sphere of public life, this line refers to the faithful steward whose measures further the general
welfare.
JLK: This is the 4th line of this hexagram, which symbolizes the heart. Thus what is at the center of
the matter at hand is (was, might, will, or should be) enriching ones emotions (feelings).
Conversely, this line may indicate that one should question if the matter at hand (or what is at the
center of it) is actually "enriching" one, ones family, and/or ones emotions (feelings). The richness
may occur or be lacking in more than one way, on multiple levels, materially and/or spiritually.
Alternatively and/or additionally, depending on the context this line may indicate one should question
if the richness (wealth) that is occurring here is necessary and/or right (appropriate). There are times
one has to pass on what seems like a (very) good opportunity to enrich oneself (and/or others). One
of the reasons for this could be that the richness (wealth) is somehow corrupted and/or potentially
leading to misfortune, which may be something one may be able to remedy against.
General comment
Line 4 is a Yin line in its right place, and hence the picture of the wife enriching the household is
suggested. This line reflects the great blessing to any enterprise which the person at one's right hand
can be.
~ Profile
By keeping everything in proper order this person frees the leader for greater undertakings and

endeavors, for expansion, for nobler service, for planning, and for many other activities, all of which
would either be neglected or given minimal attention if this freedom were not available.
This line teaches that one can be of far-reaching service, no matter what position one is in, and these
persons will be among the noble ones who render true and lasting service to mankind.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a position akin to that of Cabinet Minister who
enriches the country and the people through noble leadership. The economy of his enterprise, or of
the country, will flourish. He will have a happy and satisfying life, with much affluence.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a similar life to the most auspicious, but on a local
level.
All service is beneficial.
Carry out your responsibilities well, have others do the same, and you will have good fortune.
required) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions,

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) as a King (a ruler) approaching his (ones)
family (clan, or household).
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) as when the influence of the King (the ruler) is
extending to the family (clan, or household);
The King (the ruler) is (was, might, or will be) coming close to (moving towards, or extending
his influence to) the family (clan, or household).
They associate with one another in love.
There need be no anxiety (no fear); There will be good fortune."
JLK: This line refers to how one (who is as a king) is (was, might, will, or should be) asserting ones
(his) autonomy and authority, yet without going too far (or being too violent, aggressive), going
(moving) towards those of ones clan (those who are alike).

Gathered sources: "The influence of the King extends to his family": the intercourse between them is
that of mutual love.
A King is the symbol of a fatherly man who is richly endowed in mind. He does nothing to make
himself feared; On the contrary, the whole family can trust him, because love governs their
intercourse. His character of itself exercises the right influence.
This line (and what occurs in it) is correct, strong, and central. That is what results in the image of a
King. As a ruler of the hexagram, it influences (what occurs in) the other lines. Being central, it does
not effect its ends by means of severity.
General comment
Noble and wise leadership is depicted here.
~ Profile
Despite the power and authority available to this person, he has only good intentions, directed to
improving all relationships in his family and work, so there is no basis for any fear arising, nor need
for any relief from these conditions to be initiated. Much mutual trust and confidence exists, and is
self-sustaining and regenerating, thereby resulting in much good fortune and support, all concerned.
Most auspicious (in the best case): His thoughts, speech and behavior will be a model for the people.
He will love and respect people as individuals, and will aid them. In return, they will help and support
him. Great harmony will exist, and all will be blessed and will benefit.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be wealthy and influential, and have a harmonious
relationship within his family and among his associates. His life will be beneficial and satisfying.
Noble leadership is propitious.
Be noble and magnanimous in your leadership. Good fortune.

6
required) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will or should be) possessed of sincerity, and arrayed in
majesty; Thus commanding respect.
In the end there will be good fortune."
JLK: Here, one is (was, might, will, or should be) displaying great sincerity and "majesty". If this is
(already, indeed) the case, then this means that in the end there is good fortune. If this is not yet the
case, then the occurrence of this line holds the advice to look for (or bring about) great sincerity and
"majesty".
Alternatively, this line may point to the fact that under the occurring circumstances, there is a display
of much "majesty", splendor and "show", but it remains superficial, missing a certain degree of
sincerity and/or depth. Notwithstanding this fact, it has the virtue of clarifying certain things, for better
or for worse.
Conversely, one may have to question if what is at the center of the matter at hand is showing
"sincerity, arrayed in majesty" at all.
Gathered sources: The "good fortune connected with the display of majesty", describes the result of
the recovery of ones true character.
It means one should proceed with confidence and with majesty, and (then) the result will be good
fortune. One should be confident in ones own powers and rights, and act accordingly.
In the last analysis, order within the family depends on the character of the master of the house. If he
cultivates his personality so that it works impressively through the force of inner truth, all goes well
with the family. In a ruling position one must of his own accord assume responsibility.
~ Profile
Sagelike, rather than worldly leadership is indicated here. These are men of great inner development,
who express themselves through the media of art, religion, philosophy and literature. The worth of
their writings, thoughts and efforts may not be recognized at the time they are produced, but they will
eventually result in lasting benefit. Hence "good fortune in the end".
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have an advancing and refining influence on art and
learning. He will be dignified and inspiring, and he will have adequate worldly goods to meet his
needs, but these will not be important to him.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a man of virtue, producing benefits throughout a
good and influential life.

Sageness helps the world.
Rise above mundane matters today and try to create something of lasting benefit, either within
yourself or for others.

Hexagram 38, the Estranging Opposition (the Alienation, the Strange)
- Kui (K'uei)
The theme of this hexagram is that of strange and fantastic confrontations and/or opposition, unusual
juxtapositions, strange subjects and events. It's about how things are connected (linked) but not
(necessarily) joined or unified (together).
The Image says:
"the estranging opposition; the estrangement; the strange;

the confrontation with the stranger(s); the alienation; the polarization; the confrontation;
the period of conflict; to get estranged (to get "wet");
the "what is real?" (or the eternal: "I don't know"):
The fire over the ocean (the lake).

The fire above the ocean (the lake).
The fire moves upwards, the ocean (the lake) moves downwards, its water leaking away.
This is the image of the opposition estranging; the estrangement; the strange.
Thus, the superior one, in accordance with this, where there is a general agreement, is (was,
might, will, or should be) admitting to (allowing) diversity (and/or what is opposing). He is
(was, might, will, or should be) keeping his individuality (personal characteristics) whatever
the nature of the company he is with.
The Great Man will achieve diversity (opposition), thanks to what is united.
And/or he will achieve unity, even if there is diversity (opposition), or alienation."
JLK: Hex. 38, the Estranging Opposition (the Alienation, the Strange), shows the image of a fire
(illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) high
above a vast ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement,
decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps). This is like the sun shining high above the ocean, or like a fire
burning above a reservoir of oil (or other inflammable body of liquid). While both situations can lead to
estrangement, each can be either useful or estranging and opposing. Fire and ocean (and the water it
contains) don't mix, but keep their own identities, sphere of influence, and capacity of impact. This is
the source of estrangement.
The conditions and circumstances of estranging opposition (alienation, the strange) will strongly
determine on how things will be at the end, as described by inner hex. 63, Finishing and Completing
(At the End, Being Aware).
This hexagram is associated with the image of one who is facing an opponent with bow and arrow
(weapons), and/or who is opposing (contesting) (others) using bow and arrow (weapons).
The opposite of estrangement is commitment, and will be found that way, as described by the reverse
of this hexagram, hex. 37, the Family Bond (the Allegiance, the Commitment). The present hexagram
describes as well estrangement and opposition, as the necessity to unite and agree, while still
keeping ones individuality.

Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, things are connected, but they should not join
(or be joined, unified). Things are put (or occurring as) in opposition (being polarized), while one is
acknowledging their essential link.
Even when the two elements fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting,
activating or draining of energy) and water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the
memory) - symbolized by the upper inner trigram, and as found in the ocean, the lower trigram - are
in each others company, they don't mix, but keep their own identity. Thus the cultivated and superior
person will not let himself become like those of a different nature than his own, not even because of
some common interest can he loose his own individuality.
While this is a good attitude for who is superior or noble, it would be poor behavior if one knows, or
discovers, that one still has a lot to be learning. Then, it is important to "absorb" what can be
observed, to look and to listen carefully, if necessary, day and night, but always being aware that one
can only contemplate, or see a small part (or just a fraction) of (what represents) reality, thus avoiding
oneself to be deluded by outrageous ideas and alienation.
This hexagram is composed of the trigram Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection,
warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) above, which burns upward, and Dui, the ocean (joy
wetness, swamps) below, which seeps downward. These two movements are in direct contrast.
Furthermore, Li represents the second (or middle) daughter, and Dui the third (or youngest) daughter,
and although they live in the same house they belong to different men. Hence their wills are not the
same but are directed in ways that are divergent (in contrasting directions).
Passion is high. Joy, happiness and general wealth are (were, might, or will be) leaking (or have
leaked) away.
The Judgment says:
"Estranging opposition, estrangement, what is strange, a confrontation with strangers,

alienation, polarization, confrontation, a period of conflict and estrangement, getting
estranged:
Understanding what these denote, making a difference between what is (merely) strange (or
estranging) and what is real, will lead to success.
Estranging opposition is annoying and restraining, only when what is unreal is opposing what
is real; Or when two things that are both unreal are in opposition to each other.
Notwithstanding the condition of things as denoted by this hexagram (the estranging

opposition), in small (limited) matters there will still be good fortune."
JLK: For the matter at hand one must ask the question: are people and/or things opposing and
working against each other, or are they joining sides (with oneself) and working together (i.e.
overcoming or resisting opposition) in a way that is harmonious (and/or genuinely effective)? This will
allow for clarifying things.
Gathered sources: When people live in opposition and estrangement they cannot carry out a great
undertaking in common; Their points of view diverge too widely. In such circumstances one should
above all not proceed brusquely, for that would only increase the existing opposition. Instead, one
should limit oneself to producing gradual effects in small matters.
Thus, to be in accordance with the circumstances, one must accept that things are polarized, that
things can have different polarities (and move in different directions).

Success can still be obtained and expected, because the situation is such that the opposition
(polarization) does not preclude all agreement.
In general, opposition appears as an obstruction, but when it represents polarity within a

comprehensive whole, it has also its useful and important functions. The oppositions of Heaven and
earth, spirit and nature, man and woman, when reconciled, bring about the creation and reproduction
of life. In the world of visible things, the principle of opposites makes possible the differentiation by
categories through which order is brought into the world.
From the Ta Chuan, section II, chapter II, par. 10:
"They bent wood by means of string, so as to form bows, and sharpened wood so as to make arrows.
This gave the benefit of bows and arrows, and served to produce everywhere a feeling of awe. The
idea of this was taken, probably, from the hexagram Kui, the Estranging Opposition (the Alienation,
the Strange)."
Commentary
The trigram Li, fire, over trigram Dui, ocean, definitely indicates opposition, because of their very
different natures. They also represent the second daughter and the third (or youngest) daughter living
in the same household. These belong to different husbands so their tendencies are divergent. The
trigrams also stand for beauty (Li) and joy (Dui). Furthermore, the lake is available for nourishment,
and fire, in addition, means clarity.
~ Profile
Those depicted here have diverse characteristics, some beneficial and some superficial. They are
inclined to be dual-natured individuals, presenting their different personalities in different situations
and circumstances. They like to be helpful but are inclined to love the limelight more.
General salesmen, minor diplomats, and some artists have many of the characteristics of Kui, the
Estranging Opposition (the Alienation, the Strange). Regrettably, they will have good fortune only if
they properly define their lives, limit themselves to seeking modest and attainable goals, and unify
their divergent interests.
Those born in the second month [March - April] will be more auspicious.

Lines
"JLK: Estranging opposition (polarization, confrontation) is (was, might, will, or should be)
of doing things).
If it is (or leads to what is) (excessively) superior (Great), the results will be good, and there
will be advantage.
If it is (or leads to what is) (excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and there will
be misfortune.
Regrets are (were, might, or will be) disappearing.
When one loses ones horses, one must not run after them. They will return of their own
accord.
Should one meet with what is inferior (small, dark, unclear, or evil), one must not dwell in this.
Should one meet with bad men (small, dark, unclear or evil), one must not err (make the error
and/or dwell) in communicating (interacting) with them.
One should be (or make sure of how to be) avoiding mistakes (errors) and what is small (weak,
female, open, dark, or evil)."
Gathered sources: "Should one meet with bad men (the small, dark, unclear or evil), one must not err
(make the error and/or dwell) in communicating (interacting) with them": this may mean that "one
meets with bad (small) men (or what is weak, receptive, passive, yielding, dark, or unclear) and
communicates (or interacts) with them (or it)" to avoid the misfortune and evil of their (or its)
condemnation, exclusion, or blame. (Possibly, the occurring - people, men, or other occurrence -, is -
or are - not only bad, wrong, or mistaking, but also (very/relatively) powerful.)
Also, even in the case of inferior (or evil) men who are like a "horse" (a useful aide), one should not
dwell in meeting with them, and one should not follow them.
The commentary merely establishes this fact, it does not indicate if a mistake (error) occurs in this
fact (specifically) or not, but it does stress that one should not dwell, or go on in meeting, or
communicating with, and/or handling what is small (dark, unclear, or bad, wrong, and/or evil).
The "horses" that have run away (panicking, or misunderstanding), indicate horses (forces, helpers)
that are supposed to be (as) "pulling" ones "carriage" (that which is used for transportation, work, or a
vessel), or the horse(s) one may use to be riding on, but which here, is (are) lost (out of control, or
moving "in the far distant"), due to panic, misunderstandings, or other incalculable, or "wild" behavior.
Even in times when oppositions prevail, mistakes can be avoided, so that remorse disappears. When
opposition begins to manifest itself, a man must not try to bring about unity by force, for by so doing
he would only achieve the contrary, just as a horse goes farther and farther away if one runs after it. If
it is one's own horse, one can safely let it go; It will come back of its own accord. So too when
someone who belongs with us is momentarily estranged because of a misunderstanding, he will
return of his own accord if we leave matters to him.
On the other hand, it is well to be cautious when evil men (or things) who do not belong with us, force
themselves upon us, again as the result of a misunderstanding. Here the important thing is to avoid
mistakes. We must not try to shake off these evil men (or things) by force (and/or forcefully); This
would give rise to real hostility. We must simply endure them without dwelling in this, and treat them
appropriately (sticking to the golden mean). They will eventually withdraw of their own accord.

To return, is the central action of the Dao. Another important concept in Daoism is non-action. Here
there is action in non-action. Things will right themselves [JLK: but only if both action and non-action
are right, appropriate, and in accordance with Heaven's law, the ruling priniple].
General comment
Some men's mannerisms are naturally soothing and placating, while others experience difficulties
even in minor matters, because they will dwell on them.
~ Profile
These persons are advised never to act in haste, neither to dwell on minor issues. They should make
certain when to be careful and wait and when to pass on certain things that are of minor importance
or inferior, since the laws of nature have a tendency to equalize differences without man's
interference or wishfulness.
Most of these persons will have great patience, and, in general, will be aggressive in an unirritating,
yet quite competitive way.
Most auspicious (in the best case): His nobleness and virtue will cause people to respect him. He will
be just, sincere and impartial. His wisdom will be able to eradicate evil from people's minds. He will
not be successful at an early age, but will attain his goals and have his desires fulfilled later in life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will face many difficulties, and will find it hard to establish
himself. He will be poor at first, and slowly gain wealth later in life. He will at first work alone, then
later associate closely with others.
When confused, let things work themselves out.
Should you occasion some loss, do not worry about it. You cannot lose what is rightfully yours. Be
cautious when dealing with evil people.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) estranging opposition (polarization,
confrontation) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate,
and/or regional).
Estranging opposition (polarization, confrontation) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
One is (was, might, will, or should be) meeting (joining) the ruler (that which is ruling, the way
of ruling, and/or the dominant consensus) in a by-passage (a remote alley, street, or region)
and/or sideways ("on the side", and/or without full commitment).
This is (was might, or will be) indicating that one has not lost ones way (of doing things)
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, the way to remain on the right track (ones
path, or method) is by meeting and/or acquainting oneself with people and/or things (in the position of
ruling the situation or region) sideways, informally and/or without fully committing oneself.
The image of the line also indicates that what occurs (what is at the center of ones inquiry) is located
in "the remoteness" of ones circumstances, or in a by-passage (a road that is next to it, or parallel),
while it can be found (or met) without deviating from ones way (or path).
The line is firm and central, therefore, it may also indicate that one is not attempting to meet (ones
object of pursuit, and/or that which is at the center of ones inquiry) at all costs (but allowing it to
happen in the remoteness, in a way that occurs "on the side", informally, without fully committing
oneself, and/or loosely). As attempting to attain something by crooked (or excessively forceful) paths,
is to lose one's way.
Here, there is no reason for reproaching oneself, as the meeting, although informal, (not according to
rule, to protocol, or to ones standards), or peripheral (loosely), is still brought about, made possible,
or allowed by the ruler (the lord, prince, that which is ruling, or governing, the way of ruling, and/or the
dominant consensus).
The ruler (lord, prince, way of ruling, and/or the dominant consensus) in this commentary, who (or
which) one meets in a by-passage (a "back-street", or remote alley, casually, or sideways) may also
be indicating a master (a wise, sage, or holy one, or masterful way) whom (which) one is meeting as
through "remote", or indirect circumstances, from whom help and instruction will come. This meeting
is not coincidental (although it may seem so), but is "(pre-) destined".
This line may also indicate that, as a result of misunderstandings, it has become impossible for those
who by nature belong together, to be meeting in the correct (and right) way. (With the consideration
of) this being so, even (what seems) an accidental meeting under informal circumstances may serve
the purpose, provided that there is an inner affinity between those who meet.
The kind of meeting referred to in this line is one that is pleasant, unexpected, a result of a lucky
coincidence, or it may refer to agreement.
Since the meeting is breaking with protocol and/or informal, it might lead to slight embarrassment,

surprise or constraint for the ruler (and/or that which is ruling, the dominant consensus), which might
be experienced as minor trouble. But one should not feel regret or shame over this, as the encounter
was meant to be informal and free of commitment to begin with, and/or merely the result of a
coincidence.
JLK: This line may describe unfavorable circumstances, as the superior one is forced to adapt, and
attain his goals in a marginal, side-ways and/or temporary fashion. However, as is mentioned in the
Judgment: "Opposition is annoying and restraining, only when what is unreal is opposing what is real;
Or when two things that are both unreal are in opposition to each other." Therefore, the superior one
will resort by doing things in a "sideways" manner, so that the opposing forces can be bypassed.
~ Profile
Line 2 is the center line of trigram Dui, nourishment, so these persons quietly and unassumingly
render service to others, avoiding opposition as far as possible. They are blessed with an intuitive
foresight, which aids them in steering a safe course.
Since the two trigrams are in opposition, line 5 cannot straightforwardly support line 2, hence the
picture of an accidental meeting in a narrow lane. This symbolizes the occasional help these persons
receive from superior persons.
These individuals, in general, will be well versed and effective in whatever they specialize in.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a loyal statesman, spokesman or negotiator, or even in
the legal profession. He will be a man of excellent character, correlating and ameliorating the
mistakes of his superiors, as well as improving the morality of the people. He will have a good and
worthwhile life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also render much service, and communicate well with
people. He will receive help from friends and associates. Eventually he will probably lead a secluded
life, desiring no worldly acclaim. He will have no great ills in his life.
Intuition and foresight will be very helpful.
Good often comes in unexpected ways. You will unexpectedly meet a person, or intuitively find an
idea, beneficial to you.

3
confrontation) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones
occurring.
Ones carriage (wagon, chariot) is (was, might, or will be) dragged back, while the oxen
attached to it (and that should be pulling) are pushed back and/or beaten;
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) being subjected to having ones hair shaved
off, and the tip of ones nose cut off.
This occurs because the place (and/or timing) is not the right one.
There is (was, might, or will be) not a good beginning, but there will be a good end;
By not beginning, this gives an end.
Not a good beginning, but a good end: this happens through meeting one that is firm.
No beginning, and thus ending: this happens through (and/or for) one who is avoiding the
difficulties."
JLK: The image shows how one (at the center of the matter at hand) is made to loose ones strength,
and/or ones capabilities to advance, and/or ones normal appearance and/or looks (as shown by the
losing of ones hair, due to being shaved-off or due to other reasons, leaving one as being bald, and/or
as shown by the cutting off of the tip of the nose, resulting in a scarred face).
By following the principles of what is strong (firm) and right, there will be a good end.
On the other hand, if one has not yet started with what is at the center of the matter at hand, not
beginning will avoid the problems described.
Gathered sources: This complex reading carries a warning. If still possible, it is (was, will, or might be)
best not to pursue (or start) with what is at the center of ones inquiry. By not even beginning what one
has planned (at least not for the time being), this will end bad forebodings.
On the other hand, if what is at the center of ones inquiry is already occurring, then one has been or
will be experiencing difficulties, but after this, in the end, things will turn out in a favorable way.
"We see ones carriage dragged back": this is indicated by the (disadvantaged) inappropriateness of
the position of this line (and thus of ones position, or of that which is occurring).
"There is no good beginning, but there will be a good end": this is indicated, and arises from ones
meeting with the strong subject of the topmost line.
~ Profile
This man's opposition or estrangement is so intense that the individual is insulted or treated with
disrespect in every possible way. His progress is impeded and he is dragged back. His oxen (ideas,
and/or works) are beaten (down), so that further progress will be very slow. His topknot is cut off. This
knot was a symbol of status, so his pride is injured. Slicing off the nose was a mild form of

punishment for robbing or stealing.
There will be much adversity in the lives of these people early on, and they will have many varied
handicaps to overcome. Thus progress will be stunted, but their calamities and opposition will bring
out the best in them and they will eventually take the challenge, and rise above their initial conditions.
This will be very beneficial for them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a smart and intelligent person, but too much concerned
with details and ramifications. He will examine and criticize everyone and everything too much. Later
in life he will, through self-analysis, realize that his earlier methods were erroneous and ineffective,
and will change. He will then attain peace, harmony, and the fulfillment of his desires.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be in a low position of menial labor, and have many
hardships. He will suffer considerably, but his later life will tend to be smoother and easier.
Rise to meet challenges.
There is a set-back. Do not be misled. Continue to persevere in what is right and just. The result will
be good.

4
confrontation) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones
Estranging opposition (polarization, confrontation) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
(and/or required) in (by, with, through) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the
reliability).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) isolated through estrangement (opposition, or
polarization), and/or alone (solitary, without a protector) and experiencing polarization
(enduring, and/or working through, and/or with duality).
Mingling, associating and conforming in good faith (with who is like-minded, or with what is in
accordance) is (was, might, or will be) without fault (no blame).
Meeting leads to finding (what is as) the head of the family (the leading principle, or
responsibility).
Yet still, the other(s) may (under the occurring circumstances) not (yet) be aware at all of
having any interest (or potential fortune) in the matter at hand whatsoever.
The position is one of peril (danger, or difficulties), but despite of this, there will be no
mistake; No error."
Gathered sources: One must be guided by what one can really trust, and should ignore the rest (or
the others).
This line may point to a situation where one is isolated (deserted) amidst the prevailing disunion. But
one is (was, might, or will be) (like) meeting with a good person (a good being, or entity, the one as
described in the first line), and one blends ones sincere desires together.
This can be (like) a woman (the small, receptive, passive, or weak) who is (has been, or will be)
suffering alienation, and loneliness, and who is meeting with an admirable man (husband, the
creative, the filling), after which (reciprocal) trust is (has been, or will be) growing between them.
The fact that "meeting leads to finding (what is as) the head of the family (the leading principle, or
responsibility)", indicates that the meeting and mingling will lead (cause, originate) to finding (shaping,
or generating) (what is as) a husband and/or head of the family (or clan).
"They (the woman and the man) blend their sincere desires together, and there will be no error": their
common aim is (was, might, or will be) carried into effect.
If a man finds himself in a company of people from whom he is separated by an inner opposition, he
becomes isolated. But if in such a situation a man meets someone who fundamentally, by the very
law of his being, is kin to him, and whom he can trust completely, he overcomes the dangers of
isolation. His will achieves its aim, and he becomes free of faults.
Thus here, when one is associating in good faith (with those who are like-minded), this is (was, might,
or will be) without blame. This means that the will shapes the purpose.
One experiences unpleasantness, but nothing bad will remain (of it), or go on!

General comment
Since the two trigrams are in opposition, line 4 and line 1 cannot get together without a great deal of
difficulty. Once they manage it, a very beneficial union ensues.
~ Profile
These are analytical persons, who are very knowledgeable of the laws of nature and up to date in
their profession, and who apply such intelligence very capably. Their analyses helps them to master
any opposition encountered, and to be both an example to and a nourisher of others. A wise use of
his knowledge will produce success.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be greatly talented and very diplomatic. He will receive
help when needed from good and beneficial friends. He will be a highly capable administrator, and
one capable of restoring order if necessary. He will meet with adversity early in his career, but later he
will have an auspicious life in all respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will need to stand alone for much of his life. He will be
honorable in his relations, and modest in his living. He also will have unfavorable conditions at first,
which will then improve later in life.
Choose cooperative companions.
You feel isolated, but you will find or meet another whom you can cooperate with and trust.

5
confrontation) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words

will be advantage.
Regrets vanish. The companion bites through the flesh.

Advancing thus, what error can there be?
With ones relative (member of the clan, or that which one has intimate ties with) one unites
closely and readily as if one were biting through a piece of skin (putting ones teeth in the
flesh).
Where one goes forward with this (help), what mistake (or error) can there be?
One is (as) biting through a piece of skin in order to meet (the other).
If one goes to the other (or goes to pursue ones aim thus), after such a display of sincerity,
what mistake (or error) can there be? It brings blessings.
This line shows that to one, all occasion for repentance, and regrets, will disappear."
Gathered sources: "With ones hereditary minister (relative, or counselor) one unites closely and
readily as if one were biting through a piece of skin": ones going forward will afford ground for
congratulation.
This may depict someone sincere, whom one fails to be recognizing as such at first, because of the
general estrangement (opposition, or polarization). However, he bites his way through the wrappings
that are causing the separation. When such a person (and companion) thus reveals himself in his true
character, it is ones duty to meet with him, and to work with him (or it).
JLK: The "biting through" or "getting through" that is occurring here, is paired with some considerable
effort, which may indicate unfavorable circumstances. It can be related to parties who are making an
effort to "get through" to each others, or on the contrary, it can be related to litigation (bringing
someone to justice) and/or chastising.
Conversely, this line may indicate that the one at the center of (or related to) the matter at hand
(and/or what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) showing no or very little genuine effort to unite with the
other(s). One is not willing to "bite through" for this, not enough, or not with enough effort. One may
lack the capabilities for this, and/or it may not be appropriate (yet) to unite and/or "bite through". If
there's no (genuine) relationship, then associating and "biting through" might be inappropriate. The
question then becomes on what basis one wishes to associate (if that is what's desired), and/or to
find a common goal, objective, and/or way of doing things.
~ Profile
Whenever these individuals meet with estrangement or opposition, some associate or friend joins
them. Troubles disappear and there is no regret over their not being able to conquer the difficulties
independently. This applies to both the physical and metaphysical realms.
Leaders and persons of influence are indicated, but there are times when they too need help and

support. Advancing in this manner will be beneficial for them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a noble person and a man of talent and virtue, in a high
and respected position. His actions and dealings will be sincere and humble. He will be supported
and helped by wise and able men, and will render support in return. His attainments will be worthy,
and he will have a rich and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He 'will receive some help from others, mainly from members of
his family. He will have and enjoy inherited wealth. In business matters he will find cooperative
associates, but he may have serious disputes with his brothers or sisters.
Value all help from others.
Proceeding with current plans will result in blessings, even though there may have been previous
doubt about them.

6
confrontation) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's
law).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) solitary (alone, isolated), for reasons that are
perverse (due to inappropriate estrangement, alienation, and/or polarization).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) seeing (the other, ones partner) (as) a pig covered
with mud, appearing together with a cart carrying ghosts (demons, and/or enemies).
At first one draws ones bow (weapon), aiming the other.

After understanding the way that the cleaning (sacrificing, the endeavor, or offering) could be
done, one lays aside ones bow (weapon, ones ways of defending or attacking), and relaxes
ones will to attack.
One might be forgetting that the other (ones partner, or companion) was born alike oneself:
naked and without the knowledge and skills required as they could be of use, or as they could
be applied at this moment.
The other (ones partner, or companion) is not a thief (a criminal), although he will be asking
(claiming) for what is due (or understood); he will "woo" when the right time comes, when one
will return, and when everything will meet.
If one succeeds in taking these considerations into account, then while one is moving, the rain
starts to fall: this means fortune is coming.
Then going and meeting the rain (what is fertile and nourishing, blessings), by consequence,
is significant.
If one doesn't succeed in taking these considerations into account, then nothing good can
come from things, aside of (polarizing) estrangement. In that case there is (was, might, or will
be) misfortune."
Gathered sources: Here, there is (was, might, or will be) isolation due to misunderstanding(s). It is
(was, might, or will be) not brought about by outer circumstances, but by inherent (underlying)
conditions that are the result of estrangement (polarization) caused by perversion (evil) and/or other
inappropriateness.
This may depict one who is (or might be) misjudging ones (potentially best?) friends (or beneficial
occurrence), taking (considering) them (it) to be as unclean dirty pigs, and as dangerous as a wagon
full of demons (strange entities). One adopts an attitude (or strategy) of defense. But in the end,
realizing ones mistake, one lays aside the bow (that which one has "drawn" and "aimed" in anger),
perceiving, and becoming aware of the fact that the other is approaching (or manifesting) with the
best intentions for the purpose of close (or harmonious) union. Thus the tension is relieved. The union
resolves the tension, in the same way as falling rain relieves the sultriness (and heavy atmosphere)
preceding a thunderstorm. All goes well, for just when opposition (estrangement) is reaching its
climax, it disappears (changing into its antithesis).
Thus, this does not (necessarily) show a hostile approach, but a well-meant approach, for a mutual
relation. As soon as this is recognized, doubts disappear, and misunderstandings are cleared up.
Going forward, one shall be meeting with genial rain, and there will be good fortune.

The falling of the rain indicates that previous (or certain) doubts will disappear. This is what will bring
the fortune. Thus, the good fortune symbolized by meeting with genial rain springs precisely from the
passing away of all (or certain) doubts.
JLK: The rich image of the text shows how at first "one draws ones bow (weapon)", then relaxes (or
abandons) the desire to attack. This is the logical evolution of a superior one who is sincere, and
learns about his opponents innocence and/or sincerity, thus loosing the will to attack.
Unfortunately, those who are inferior will not be able to reach such a state of understanding and
forgiveness. For them, all that remains is the desire to attack, and/or view the others as enemies (and
treat them as such). This type of behavior is most common, and guaranteed to bring misfortune.
It may be that for the matter at hand there is one party being like a superior one (relaxing the wish to
attack or strike), while there is another party being like an inferior one (never relaxing the wish to
attack or strike). In that case this line may point to the fact one has to reckon with this fact, and adjust
ones expectations and/or strategy.
The Riddle: If you still don't know ("it", or how to resolve things), then start by using small ways,
organisms, systems, or thoughts, and tiny words; Small (LITTLE), or effective names; Use small (or
little) words, or small and simple questions. This will allow for (enough) receptiveness, allowing for
communication, or to be communicating over a distance, through time, space and/or other difficult
circumstance or condition that one is dealing with.
There is nothing you can't look in the eye. Just don't throw your light into that of others' at the
supreme moment, it might involuntarily provoke unnecessary anger. However, don't (just) hide them
either: it looks silly, and one might still unconsciously be fooled (lured) into an inappropriate reaction
or situation.
General comment
The symbolism of the image mentioned in the lines commentary comes from the characters and
position of, and the effects produced by, lines 6 and 3. At first, line 6 is alone and against much
opposition. One looks at those who should help one and imagines that they are dirty pigs, or a wagon
full of fiends. One starts on the offensive, but then realizes that they are friends after all. As the
situation clears, just as the air is made clear by a fall of rain, good fortune results.
~ Profile
In general, these persons are too smart for their own good and for that of others. They see many
things that others do not observe. However, by becoming tolerant and able to live with limitations, and
by giving others due credit, they can achieve unions, and their work and efforts will then be
productive.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be intelligent, sagacious and discerning. However, he will
be unyielding on many occasions, resulting in solitude until he changes his ways. He will have
hardships early in life, and then better fortune as he mellows. He may get married several times.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have much solitude and lonely activity. He will be quite
intractable and will cause many disputes. He will have an unstable life.
If you are alone against your wishes it is your own fault.

Through the law of change your opposition is waning. When this is completed you will have good
fortune.

Hexagram 39, the Obstacle (the Obstruction, the Opponent)
- Jian (Chien)
The theme of this hexagram is the obstruction one can encounter when trying to realize ones
endeavors (goals), and how to deal with it. It shows the occurring obstacle(s) (obstruction, and/or
opposition) as a mountain that is either blocking the way, or that is gradually eroded and removed by
the water, and/or as a mountain over and/or around which the water will move to pursue its course.
The Image says:
"the obstacle(s); the obstruction; the difficulties obstructing;

the obstructing and blocking difficulties; the blockage; the opponent; the opposition;
dealing with opponents and/or opposition; the limping:
The water on (above) the mountain.

The water (the liveliness, the danger, the memory) encounters a barrier: the mountain (that
which has been stacked up, pushed around, growing tough, and shaped with time).
The water can not pursue the direction it was heading for.
If the water cannot pursue its direction it will flow in the direction of the earth (from high to
low, or from being great to being small).
JLK: The mountain can withstand the water for as long as its fundamental strength can assure
(hold), but with time and in sufficient quantity, the water can end up eroding the mountain until
(almost) nothing remains of it.
However, once the mountain is no more, then the water has no other choice then to turn into
the earth until it can be brought up again.
This is the cycle of opposition (difficulties) turning unto (attacking, striking, inflicting) itself.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) investigating (on) himself and (thus) is
(was, might, will, or should be) forming his character (the expression of his self).
JLK: An inferior one can't do this, and will forever find an obstacle (an obstruction, an
opponent) in himself and/or the Universe.
The Great Man will bring increase (to his virtue, and/or the Universe) by creating a revolution
(a change) within himself; He will change, in order to overcome (and/or move around)
obstacles (obstruction, opponents), and succeed.
JLK: By extension (in a natural way) he will change the (his) world (the universe), or on the
contrary, will abstain from (hold back) (his) intervention."
JLK: Hex. 39, the Obstacle (the Obstruction, the Opponent), shows the image of water above a
mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information). The water
may gather into a lake, if it finds a place to accumulate, otherwise it will (helplessly) flow down the
mountain and end at its foot, where it will not be able to continue any longer. In both cases, the
mountain becomes an obstacle. In the first, for the formation of a lake, it produces joy (exchange,
wealth), in the second case, it produces stagnation. In reverse, water can erode the mountain from
above as well as below. Thus, the water can be an obstacle (opposition) to the mountain, which can

have favorable or destructive results.
The conditions and circumstances of the time of being confronted by an obstacle (obstruction, an
opponent) will strongly depend on how these are at the beginning of things, while it brings opportunity
for many new beginnings, as described by inner hex. 64, Preparing and Beginning (Before
Completion, At the Beginning).
If the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) can not move forward, it
will naturally flow in the direction of the earth (from high to low, or from being great to being small), yet
the Great man can bring it up to the mountain, so it can give (share, pour) its blessings (liveliness,
danger, incalculableness, fertility) to all.
The mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) can be
an obstacle to the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), but the
water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) can become an obstacle to the
mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) as well, by
undermining (infiltrating, weakening) the opposition it encounters.
The cycle of "opposition turning unto (attacking, striking, inflicting) itself" holds the idea that any form
of opposition can become an enemy of itself. By fighting eternally (without end) according to rules that
are not ones own (and/or not in accordance with ones inner sincerity) one can become the main
agent destroying oneself (and/or ones own). Even if less is at stake, the Dutch have an appropriate
saying for the situation at hand, which holds the advice that "one should not be stealing (wasting)
from one own wallet (resources, interests)". I.e. one should invest ones resources (strength,
liveliness) wisely, and not try to undercut them (it).
For the matter at hand, one must question (determine) if it is (was, might, or will be) showing an
obstacle (obstruction, blockage, an opponent), or not (truly), and/or if it shows a way to overcome,
remove, and/or avoid (such) an obstacle (obstruction, and/or opponent), and/or shows a way around
it (him, them), or not.
When dealing with opponents (obstacles, obstruction, blockage) one is (was, might, will, or should be)
ending up doing things better (and/or "stronger") then before, and/or better ("stronger") than the other
(the opponent). One must determine if here, "better" ("stronger") will mean that what is good (creative,
right, loving) is increasing.
Thus dealing with obstacles, obstruction, blockage, and/or opponents can be constructive, unless it
shows (what is like) "the end of the road". However, this hexagram shows that the confrontation
between water and mountain never ends. Things can always evolve (unwind) in incalculable ways
one may have no knowledge about (yet).
Gathered sources: The hexagram pictures a dangerous abyss (the water, liveliness, difficulties, the
danger, the incalculable, the memory) lying before us and a steep, inaccessible mountain (the
immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) rising behind us. We are
surrounded by obstacles. At the same time, since the mountain has the attribute of keeping still, there
is implicit a hint as to how we can extricate ourselves. The hexagram represents obstructions that
appear in the course of time but that can and should be overcome. Therefore all the instruction given
is directed to overcoming them.
JLK: The flow of the water (the life, the danger, the incalculable, the difficulties) is restrained by a
mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information), meaning:
by something already formed due to the erosion by the water (i.e. the application over time of danger,
the incalculable, life, difficulties), and hardened by the piling up of things and/or actions during a
period of time or rest. Or it is stopped by introducing a period of resting or immobility, which allows for
reflection and growth.

Gathered sources: Thus, if the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown
tough, information) can not be penetrated or broken down by the water (liveliness, difficulties, the
danger, the incalculable, the memory), the water will flow downwards into the direction of the earth:
into that which is receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark.
This can result in a limp, or "limping": moving and penetrating by minimal amounts, slowly and with
difficulty, or not at all.
Thus, this hexagram pictures what is literally like "a mountain of obstacles", incalculably diverse,
dangerous or "lively". Like the water, one (or "that which is occurring") can not pursue the direction
one was heading for.
The Judgment says:
"An obstacle, obstruction, obstructing and blocking difficulties, blockage, an opponent,

opposition, dealing with opponents and/or opposition, limping:
The appearance of these means one has to act in accordance with what has (already) been
created, built up, stacked up, pushed around, and grown tough during the course of time, a
period of rest or immobility.
There is advantage to the south-west.

There is no advantage to the north-east.
It is advantageous to see (learning from, or consulting) the Great man.
The divination brings good fortune.

It is advantageous to be anticipating, firm and persevering"
Gathered sources: The South-West is the region of retreat, the North-East that of advance. Here an
individual is confronted by obstacles that cannot be overcome directly. In such a situation it is wise to
pause in view of the danger and to retreat. However, this is merely a preparation for overcoming the
obstructions. One must join forces with friends of like mind and put oneself under the leadership of a
man equal to the situation: then one will succeed in removing the obstacles. This requires the will to
persevere just when one apparently must do something that leads away from ones goal. This
unswerving inner purpose brings good fortune in the end.
An obstruction that lasts only for a time is useful for self-development. This is the value of adversity.
In a personal context, this hexagram may hold the advice that however hard the situation is hurting
one, one must stay calm, and not make things worse. One will do best by accepting the
circumstances being imposed, taking position in the danger (or life), and acting with all the wisdom
that is available, according to the nature of the obstacle, without worsening the situation by
weakness.
JLK: The water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), symbolized by the
upper trigram, also indicates a pain in the ears, a reluctance to listen. Likewise, the danger can
sometimes be created by a lack of courage to ask or admit to oneself what the real reason is why one
is neglecting, or refusing to understand that which causes one to be confronted with the obstacle.
This lack of courage can come from an erosion because of the circumstances, by things having been
incorrectly stacked up, pushed around, and growing tough with time.
This is why one could be in the situation that one is giving in to dark passions and desires to
overcome the situation one is living. Only light pushes darkness away, only fire will make the water
evaporate, only love will dismiss the hate.
Gathered sources: "It is advantageous to see the Great Man", means that it is advantageous to be

advised by someone of Great experience and wisdom, and/or to learn from his ways. It will bring
fortune to look and act ahead of things by all means available.
It is advantageous to go South-West: the South stands for the fire, the passion, the love, the hate,
that which sticks and/or exhausts. It creates the light (fire) in which all beings get to know each other,
in which all things are being clarified and pulled out of the shadow. It also indicates working, being at
work.
The South-West stands for the receptive, the earth (the passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). It
is what gives nourishment to all beings. It is the sign within which all beings are at the service of one
another. It indicates the future.
The West stands for the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness,
refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps). It is what gives the peace, joy and happiness to
all beings.
Commentary
This hexagram is made up of the two trigrams, Kan, the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the
incalculable, the memory), over Gen, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up
and grown tough, information). These are both obstacles. They are also the North and North-East
trigrams in the Sequence of Later Heaven, with Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness,
projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) and Kun, the earth (the receptive,
passive, small, weak, open, female, dark).
Obviously, mountains and chasms are obstacles, whereas clarity and openness are favorable. The
strong line in the fifth position leading to its proper correlate, a weak second line, makes it
advantageous to seek (and/or learn from) the Great man, i.e. a minister from Heaven.
Perseverance in what is right will result in good fortune in the face of obstacles.
~ Profile
Those who have their controlling line in one of the first three positions have the potential to be strong,
sturdy and steadfast like a mountain, while those with their controlling line in the upper three positions
will be more inclined to nourish and help others in a step by step manner.
All possess a keen awareness of the potential dangers as well as an intuitive knowledge of the easier
and better courses to follow in any given situation. They will be found where strength of character is
advantageous, and will be involved with many other persons. The more auspicious will make good
judges and legislators. A number will be aviators. All will spend much time improving themselves
inwardly.

Lines
"JLK: An obstacle (obstruction, blockage, an opponent) is (was, might, or will be) occurring at
(and/or in) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or
in the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
If one succeeds in overcoming it (him, or the others), and if it leads to what is (excessively)
superior (Great), the results will be good, and there will be advantage.
If one does not succeed in overcoming it (him, or the others), and if it leads to what is
(excessively) inferior (small), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
Advancing (going on) is (was, might, or will be) leading to difficulties (obstruction, limping,
peril, or danger).
Coming back (to oneself, and/or to quietude) is (was, might, or will be) bringing praise
(respect)."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, moving on (advancing) with the matter at hand, and/or in the
way being considered, leads to difficulties, so one should still oneself and take root into the situation,
as described by hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness). Then, one might find a more
appropriate direction to move in, or find it unnecessary to move at all.
"Coming back (to oneself, and/or to quietude)" is a reference to the text of the Image: "the superior
one is (was, might, will, or should be) investigating (on) himself." This is what will bring the right
answers. Here, there is a risk that one is not listening "to oneself", ones inner voice. This can be due
to inexperience, having to learn to listen to ones inner self and ones intuition, and/or due to dealing
with something that is new, young, unknown, and which one has not yet learned to know. Coming
"back" (to oneself, and/or to quietude), will be praiseworthy, and lead to understanding.
Gathered sources: This line may hold the advice that it is (was, might, or will be) better to wait (i.e. to
not advance) - for the moment.
If some degree of advance with what is at the center of the matter at hand has already occurred, then
this line indicates that it will (at some point) lead to difficulties (obstruction, limping, peril, danger,
incalculableness). Stopping the advance (if one has the possibility to do so) may avert this.
When one encounters an obstruction, the important thing is to reflect on how best to deal with it.
When threatened with danger (difficulties), one should not strive blindly to go ahead, for this only
leads to complication(s). The correct thing is, on the contrary, to retreat (or withdraw) for the time
being, not in order to give up the struggle, but to await the right conditions, circumstances, or
opportunity.
Thus, boldly pushing forward against obstacles can result in one encountering many unnecessary
obstacles or difficulties. Here, where things are at the beginning (early, or at the front or bottom), as
indicated by the position of this 1st line of the hexagram, it is best to quietly ponder, and then lay firm,
sound plans which one knows one can carry out. Impetuosity is dangerous.
~ Profile
These persons will be planners and administrators, and blessed with a substantial amount of
common sense.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be greatly talented and will achieve a worthy and well-
earned reputation. He will know how to stop in the face of impending dangers, and how to surmount

or circumvent them. He will have a slow and difficult start in his career, but will have a favorable life
later.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be reasonably energetic, but unambitious. He will keep
clear of difficulties by not charging into them, and will be content to lead a simple and virtuous life.
Obstacles and haste results in opposition.
Stop, look and listen. Forging ahead rashly will only lead to difficulties.
"JLK: An obstacle (obstruction, blockage, an opponent) is (was, might, or will be) occurring in
(for, at, with) the calves, and/or ones impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
An obstacle (obstruction, blockage, an opponent) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
unavoidable) in (by) the way of (or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or
If one succeeds in overcoming it (him, or the others), and succeeds moving in a way that is
(excessively) well-controlled (well-timed) and alert, the results will be good, and there will be
advantage.
If one does not succeed in overcoming it (him, or the others), and/or if one is moving in a way
that is (excessively) impulsive ("jumpy"), and/or too slow (sluggish), the results will be bad,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like the King’s (the ruler’s, the ruling consensus',
and/or the trend's) minister (and/or servant) who is (was, might, or will be) encountering (beset
by) difficulty after difficulty (obstruction upon obstruction, limping over limping, or danger on
danger); But this is not ones own fault (not caused by one own mistake(s), or error(s)).
JLK: The problems occur due to a mistake (an error) in the ways that things (or events) are
(were, might, or will be) piled up (stacked up, pushed around, growing tough, or immobilized).
The superior one is (was, will, might, or should be) adapting, and not persisting where
persistence is not needed (required).
If he can (and is aware he should), he will "step out of line", interrupt, and/or disobey (disagree
with, and/or diverge from) the ruler (the ruling consensus, and/or the trend), if it can be done
at a cost (risk) that is not too high (to himself, and/or the others), if it's not too dangerous, and
only if it is avoiding (more) significant difficulties (i.e. as much as possible).
He will (thus) choose to obey a higher reason (a higher purpose, and/or principle)."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, those serving what is ruling (the King, the ruler, the
governing, those in power, the dominant consensus, and/or the trend) encounter difficulties (danger,
the incalculable). If one goes on like this, things will get worse.
Even though initially one can not be blamed for the difficulties (due to acting on the orders of, and in
submission to the one - or those - in power), it's one's duty (of being a good servant) to recognize the

mistake(s) being made and to avoid the mistake of going on in the way that is occurring at present, or
the difficulties (and/or danger) will get worse. Only a tyrannical ruler could ask for such a personal
sacrifice. One has to carefully assess if such sacrifice is called for and/or genuinely appropriate under
the occurring circumstances.
On the other hand, if the circumstances allow it, and if overcoming the difficulties is within ones
power, then doing whatever is necessary to overcome them will bring good fortune.
Alternatively, the advice to "step out of line" may hold the idea that it is (was, might, or will be)
advantageous to find alternative (and/or uncommon) ways to achieve ones goals and/or deal with the
local chiefs and/or the (temporary, intermediate) King (the ruler, the authorities, and/or the ruling
consensus). It may therefore also refer to, and/or recommend "civil disobedience", and/or an
unconventional way of doing things.
Gathered sources: The fact that here, problems occur due to the fact that "there may be a (dark,
unclear) mistake, or error, in the ways that things are (already) piled (or piling) up (pushed, or pushing
around, grown, or growing tough, immobilizing, or immobile)", is expressed by that fact that this is a
yin (weak) line, at the center of the lower trigram the mountain (the rest, the immobile, stacked up,
pushed around, and gradually grown, or growing tough).
General comment
Line 5 represents the ruler or King. Line 2 is the proper correlate of line 5, and represents the King’s
public administrator (and what this symbolizes), who here runs into a great many difficulties. These
are due to the situation he is in rather than being self-generated, hence he is not held at fault.
~ Profile
Stable and strong persons, who work for the ruler or leader, and who are in difficult situations are
indicated. They are able and effective administrators and are supported by their superior or leader.
Their work will constantly involve dealing with troublesome matters, both in quantity and quality, but
they will be equal to whatever task face them. Naturally some will be more successful than others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be patriotic, loyal to his superiors and to his parents, and a
noble father to his family. Whatever he does will be well planned and his results will be effective. This
applies in both his personal and professional life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be honest, loyal and sincere, with his family and in his
enterprises. Father and son will cooperate in meeting difficulties. Wife will work with husband, but
they will not be socially minded. He will be respected in his community.
Always proceed step by step.
Often when working for someone else one meets with difficulties that are not ones own fault. Cope
with these as best you can.

3
"JLK: An obstacle (obstruction, blockage, an opponent) is (was, might, or will be) occurring at
the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), in ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the
free (unlimited) and joyful, yet avoiding danger (difficulties, entrapment), the results will be
If one doesn't succeed to overcome it (him, or the others), and/or if it leads to what is
(excessively) restrained (limited) and/or leading to danger (difficulties, entrapment), the results
Advancing (going on, moving forward, pursuing an endeavor) is (was, might, or will be)
leading to difficulties (obstruction, limping, peril, or danger).
Therefore one is (was, might, will, must, or should be) coming (approaching ones destination,
centering or settling), and/or turning back (returning, or reversing).
Come back! Return (and/or reverse)!

Advancing leads to troubles, so one stops and returns (reverses).
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) investigating (on) himself, such as to
adapt his character in a positive way (appropriately, in accordance with the laws of the
Universe, and/or Divine will) and its practical (daily) application;
He is (was, might, will, or should be) persistent in learning what is practical (what "works").
By extension, this is (was, might, will, or should be) changing the world (the universe) in a
positive way."
JLK: The text indicates that under the circumstances, "going on" (advancing) brings difficulties
(danger, the incalculable), and therefore necessarily (some) misfortune.
However, this line does not necessarily indicate misfortune. It depends on where one stands and is
going to. Here, "advancing" stands for "going on", "moving forward", and also implies going towards
something new, while "coming" stands for "approaching ones destination" (i.e. not a new goal), and/or
going back, settling and/or centering.
The call to come back, may be a call to return inwards, i.e. to oneself or "ones own". This is (was,
might, will, or should be) where one will find ones answer(s), and/or solution(s).
What occurs (and/or what is at the center of the matter at hand) leads to learning about what is
practical (what "works") for following Heaven's law in day to day life.
This line is in the 3rd place, which symbolizes the hips and/or the backbone. Thus, by returning
inwards one will find answers concerning morality and which rules to live by, as related to moving,
and/or procreation. It might point to the necessity to inspect ones health (and/or ones "liveliness") (as)
from the inside.
If for the matter at hand there is a "coming back" or "arriving at ones destination" (after a long time
having started moving towards it), this is good. If not, then one should stop moving in the direction
being considered.
period of transition (change), and/or practical know-how. Ones biggest obstacle could be ones own

ego. One could be betraying oneself! Alternatively, the problem could be the ego of others, while one
is lacking the right knowledge (and/or understanding) to deal with this in a practical way.
Gathered sources: While the preceding line shows the official compelled by duty to follow the way of
danger, this line shows someone who must act as the head of a family or of his kin. If one were to
plunge recklessly into danger, it would be a useless act, because those entrusted to ones care cannot
get along by themselves. But if one withdraws and turns back to ones own, they welcome one with
great joy.
A return to the Dao (or "the way"), will make the problem(s) pass (or make one be "skipping" them,
not influenced by what may occur, thanks to not approaching, associating with, or venturing into it).
It is good to return to basics; Or to the root of things.
It is good to return to (what occurs as at) the beginning of things.
This indicates fortune (profit, or advantage) for the woman (the small, weak, receptive, passive, dark,
unclear, open, and yielding) within the family (literally: "for those who will not go out" (or on), or "for
those who will stay in").
General comment
At the top of the mountain (the stacked up and immobile), the third line of the trigram Ken, one is
overawed by what one sees.
~ Profile
This person does not have the wherewithal to proceed alone (line 6 does not support line 3 here). He
is sufficiently wise to be aware of his situation at all times, and so forgoes dangerous advances,
returning instead to his family and friends, where he finds mutual trust, comfort and support.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will know the right time to act, and how to get help and support
from his friends, peers, and people in general. He may be assigned to a government position, and his
life will be peaceful and comfortable.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be in local government or in a business position, where
he will assist in making changes and improvements. He will follow accepted mores. Also, he will
receive help from his wife or her family.
Help your own family first.
When great dangers are being faced, fall back on your known support. Do not plunge recklessly
ahead alone.

4
(for, at) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
An obstacle (obstruction, blockage, an opponent) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
(and/or unavoidable) in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the
well directed (stable), the results will be good, and there will be advantage.
(excessively) confused (unstable), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
Advancing (going on, or moving forward) leads to difficulties (obstruction, limping, peril, or
danger).
Coming (approaching ones destination, settling and/or centering) brings union and
continuity."
JLK: The text indicates that under the circumstances, "going on" (advancing) brings difficulties
(danger, the incalculable), and therefore necessarily misfortune.
However, this line does not necessarily indicate misfortune. It depends on where one stands and is
going to. Here, "advancing" stands for "going on", "moving forward", and also implies going towards
something new, while "coming" stands for "approaching ones destination" (i.e. not a new goal), and/or
going back, settling and/or centering.
The call to come back, may be a call to return inwards, i.e. to oneself or "ones own". This is (was,
might, will, or should be) where one will find ones answer(s), and/or solution(s).
This line is in the 4th place, which symbolizes the heart and emotions. Thus, by returning inwards one
will find answers related to ones heart and emotions, and what can be trusted.
Conversely, it may indicate that there is (was, might, or will be) an "obstacle" in the heart, i.e. as
related to trust and/or trustworthiness.
In a general way this line may hold the advice to do the things one is used to do, and/or in the way
one is used to, and/or in an environment one is accustomed to and/or already knows (about).
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, moving on (advancing, moving outwards
and/or towards a new goal or destination) leads to difficulties, while coming together (centering
oneself, returning inwards, to a destination already embarked on, to "ones own") brings union
(wholeness) and continuity (cohesiveness).
Going on with with what is at the center of what is occurring (or of ones inquiry) will lead to
unnecessary trouble (difficulties, obstruction, limping, peril, or danger) because one (what occurs) is
in a weak position (as symbolized by the Yin line in the 4th place, a weak line in a subordinate
position).
One must come (return or settle) at ones (ultimate) destination, which will bring union ("oneness")
and/or allow one to center oneself. This may mean that one has to reverse (change course) and/or
that one has to restrain oneself.
Finding (settling for) the appropriate (right) situation (place, or way) leads to substance (real, solid or
full results, riches, possessions).

Similar to what occurs in the 3rd line, this line may indicate a situation that cannot be managed
single-handed (easily). In such a case the direct way is not the shortest. If a person were to forge
ahead on his own strength and/or without the necessary preparations, he would not find the support
he needs and would realize too late that he has been mistaken in his calculations, inasmuch as the
conditions on which he hoped he could rely would prove to be inadequate. In this case it is better,
therefore, to hold back (settle) for the time being and to gather together trustworthy companions who
can be counted upon for help in overcoming the obstructions.
General comment
Line 4 is at the brink of the chasm, and thus serious obstacles are faced.
Since this is the position of the minister it is right for this man to pause and unite the divergent
elements in every situation so that a successful advance can be made when the time is propitious.
~ Profile
These persons will become factory managers, union organizers, psychologists, and in all similar
activities where coordination (centering) of divergent activities or ideas is involved.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will associate with leaders and intellectuals and he himself will
be well versed in their concerns. His knowledge and character will naturally attract others to him, and
he will be of benefit to his country and his business. He will receive a substantial inheritance, and will
have a good family, with several children.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also have a good and productive life, and will receive
help from others.
Unite divergent elements.
Unite divergent elements, and seek outside strength and influence as necessary, to overcome your
obstacles.

5
(for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or
through (in) the way things are managed (at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the
supportive (sympathetic) and/or overcoming conflict (being knowledgeable, full of experience,
practical), the results will be good, and there will be advantage.
(excessively) authoritarian (repressive) and/or foolish (ignorant, lacking experience,
In the midst of great difficulties (peril, and/or danger) due to obstruction (dealing with
opponents, and/or limping), friends (or associates) come (and/or a partnership comes).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) using articulation (instructions, shaping
words, ideas and/or formulas, and/or eulogies) that are bringing (and/or leading to) union
(and/or centering things)".
JLK: Here, it's the Great Man's duty to remove obstacles that block the way to realize his goals,
and/or to move around the obstacle (obstruction). For this he uses "articulations", which can be
occurring in a number of ways: words, ideas, instructions, "constructions" (contraptions, concepts),
eulogies, and/or certain specific ways of action (handling things) on the executive level. This will make
(various) forces gather up around oneself, in the form of friends and associates.
For the matter at hand, the words and/or ideas mentioned here may manifest in written or spoken
text, and/or instructions through other methods. The original Chinese word "chieh" used for
"articulation" is associated with the idea of separating and distinguishing, as well as joining, linking
and/or associating (things). In a literal way it shows nodes on bamboo stalks (a way to track things,
time, and/or ideas).
One may have to question if the "articulations" (and/or instructions) are done correctly, and if they
show the right way out of the difficulties. Expressing oneself through these, sooner or later will attract
friends (associates, and/or certain associated things). Only the right kind of words and/or ideas,
manifested in the right way, will attract the right friends (associates, and/or associated things).
Gathered sources: Here, while dealing with great difficulties (peril, and/or danger), which occur due to
obstruction (or limping), one is (was, might, will, or should be) finding (and/or is joined by) friends
and/or partners. Union (and/or a centered and harmonious result) is brought about thanks to
"articulating" (shaping words, ideas and/or formulas).
The fact that articulating (shaping formulas, words and/or ideas) is bringing union (and/or a centered
and harmonious result) is the direct result of being able to separate and distinguish things, as well as
recognize links and make associations, joining various elements together. This articulation can occur
through words, formulas and ideas, but it can also occur through movements (actions) and other
manifestations. Furthermore, the articulating may be linked to distinguishing time (what is
remembered) and how time-periods occur, how they should be marked or identified (such as by the
nodes on bamboo stalks), and/or how to regulate (organize) things in this domain.
The friendship and/or association is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring for mutual benefit. In the
original text, the ideogram associated to this is that of linked (associated) strings of cowries or coins.
Thus, the association that is occurring here may be of a commercial nature, or a practical one.
In times of difficulty, one learns how to recognize ones true friends and/or reliable partners. Under the
occurring circumstances, good and/or trustworthy help should be accepted, as it wouldn't have

occurred or been offered if one wouldn't be worthy of it, or if it weren't appropriate. By uniting forces
one is (was, might, or will be) overcoming the difficulties (obstruction, limping, peril, or danger).
This line may refer to a situation where a man is called to help in an emergency. He should not seek
to evade the obstructions, no matter how dangerously they pile up before him. Since he is really
called to the task, the power of his spirit and ideas is strong enough to attract helpers whom he can
effectively organize, so that through the well-directed co-operation of all participants the difficulties
(obstructions, limping, perils, or dangers) are overcome.
~ Profile
This line is the ruler, and is proper in all respects. It is however, in the chasm, so this man faces many
obstacles, but by virtue of the line’s correctness, friends come and he receives all the help and
support he needs to overcome or circumvent the impediments, and achieve his aims.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a wise, able and respected leader or manager, who
follows the golden mean (such as the laws of the Universe and sacred geometry!), and carries out
what is right and just at all times. He is trusted and respected by his juniors and seniors alike, and will
always receive whatever support he needs. He will contribute to the welfare of the world, his country,
and his community. He will have a good and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will come from a poor family, but because he always does
things correctly and has a good character, he will be helped by others, and will gradually improve and
increase his status, influence and affluence.
Always use whatever leadership you have.
The difficulties are truly great. Through continued progress and right actions you will automatically
receive the help you need.

6
(for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
wise (correct), and if the application of correct wisdom (the ruling principle, Heaven's law) is
right, the results will be good, and there will be advantage.
(excessively) unwise (flawed), and/or if the application of correct wisdom (the ruling principle,
Heaven's law) is wrong (flawed), the results will be bad, and there will be misfortune.
It is (was, might, or will be) not good to give in to (follow) new ruling principles (and/or
destinations) if they are untested, unproven, unreliable, and/or potentially flawed wisdom.
It is (was, might, or will be) good to return to, and/or arrive at, what one (already) knows to be
true, and superior wisdom.
Going (departing to a new destination) is (was, might, or will be) leading to obstruction
(difficulties, peril, or danger).
Coming (arriving at a destination that was already determined) is (was, might, or will be)
producing Great good fortune (merit, or abundance).
It will be advantageous to view things from the perspective (to look for advise, or learn from
the ways) of the superior one (the Great man, or Great people)."
JLK: Here, there is a risk of obstruction (blockage, and/or an opposition) occurring in the leading
principle(s) one chooses to adhere to (and/or follow). Unproven and/or untested wisdom can lead to
disaster. Therefore one must come (return, or arrive) to what one (already) knows to be (genuinely)
true, and reliable (appropriately tested).
If one is (was, might, or will be) going somewhere, as when starting a journey (to a new destination),
then this is leading to difficulties (obstruction, peril, or danger). In that case this line contains the
advice not to dash ahead (into something new), and to let things rest (immobilizing things, or stacking
up things) before moving on, possibly after having found a new way (new solutions) for the matter
one is dealing with.
If on the other hand, one is (was, might, or will be) arriving at ones destination (that is already within
sight), as after a (long) journey, then this is producing Great merit (abundance). In that case, this line
still contains the advice not to dash ahead, and thus to peacefully reach ones destination without any
unpleasant disturbances.
It may also point to the fact that at this stage, one should not change ones destination (or start any
new project, or way of doing things), but head for the target that has already been chosen, until one
has arrived.
Gathered sources: This line may refer to a man who has already left the world and its tumult behind
him. When the time of obstructions arrives, it might seem that the simplest thing for him to do would
be to turn his back upon the world and take refuge in the beyond. But this road is barred to him. He
must not seek his own salvation and abandon the world to its adversity. Duty calls him back once
more into the turmoil of life. Precisely because of his experience and inner freedom, he is able to
create something both great and complete that brings good fortune. And it is favorable to see the
great man in alliance with whom one can achieve the work of rescue.
General comment
The top line (and what is indicated by it) has gone as far as it can. Either it (one) has gone too far (or

is at risk of doing so), or it (one) is arriving (coming) at its (ones) destination.
These persons have learned how to overcome obstacles, so simply proceeding further would not be
beneficial. Instead, it brings great blessings to them if they stay where they are in life, and support,
help and bring along those under them. "Seeing the Great" man here means turning inward to find the
guidance and inspiration for the actions they should take in their magnanimity. They will be great
teachers and leaders, whether in the employ of others or acting independently
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be greatly talented, and a man of strong virtue, who works
unselfishly to serve his ruler (or that which is ruling) and the people, directly or indirectly. His efforts
will be effective and he will establish great merit. He will have a favorable reputation and will probably
become famous. He will exert much influence, and will have a good family and personal life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also lead a good and influential life at a fairly high level.
He will receive much support from others.
Always help others where you can.
Rely on your intuition, or on the advice of a great and good leader, and you will conquer your
difficulties.

Hexagram 40, the Liberation (the Freedom, to Loosen)
- Jie (Hsieh)
The theme of this hexagram is the liberation (the freedom, or loosening) of something or someone.
Like the liberation (freedom, or loosening) of things as happens after a rain-shower or thunderstorm.
The Image says:
"the liberation; the freedom; to loosen; breaking free; to eliminate obstacles:
The thunder releases the rain.

This is the image of the loosening, the liberation, breaking free.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) forgiving errors and deal with crimes
(and/or errors in behavior) in an unsevere and soothing way.
JLK: As the superior one might say: "Just know it and be aware."
The Great Man will be inclined to forgive mistakes. He will be full consideration when crime
(negativity, and/or evil) occurs, dealing with it in an unsevere and mild way."
JLK: Hex. 40, the Liberation (the Freedom, to Loosen), shows the image of thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences) releasing (and/or accompanying) water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger,
the incalculable, the memory), in the form of rain (nourishment). This gives the idea of a liberation
(breaking free) of the forces of nature.
The liberation (freedom, loosening) is meant to end something (that can not last), and the way it will
occur will strongly determine on how things will be at the end (how they will be completed), as
described by inner hex. 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware).
Gathered sources: This is the image of nature, cleaned up and purified like after rain, or a
thunderstorm.
Here the movement goes out of the sphere of danger. The obstacle has been removed, the difficulties
are being resolved. Deliverance is not yet achieved; It is just in its beginning, and the hexagram
represents its various stages.
A thunderstorm has the effect of clearing the air. The superior man produces a similar effect when
dealing with mistakes and sins of men that induce a condition of tension. Through clarity he brings
deliverance. However, when failings come to light, he does not dwell on them. He simply passes over
mistakes, the unintentional transgressions, just as thunder dies away. He forgives misdeeds, the
intentional transgressions, just as water washes everything clean.
JLK: While the theme of this hexagram is that of liberation, being free or being set free, conversely
this hexagram may point to a lack of these occurring under the present conditions.

The Judgment says:
"Liberation, freedom, loosening, breaking free, eliminating obstacles:
Considering the circumstances described by these will indicate what will lead to success, or
on the contrary, excess.
There is advantage to the west and the south, and the south-west.
There is (was, might, will, or should be) a place to go to (a goal, aim, or endeavor to fulfill, or to
move towards), early; Good fortune.
If there is a place to go to (a goal, aim, or endeavor to fulfill, or to move towards), then hurry
and take the first opportunity to get there; This will bring fortune.
If one is (was, might, or will be) acting too slow (and/or inappropriately), there is (was, might,
or will be) no place to go to (a goal, aim, or endeavor to fulfill, or to move towards).
In that case come back; This will also bring fortune."
JLK: When going forward is productive and bringing liberation, doing this early (swiftly) brings good
fortune.
When going forward is not productive (any longer), and/or not bringing liberation, and/or if one is too
late or too slow, going back (returning, and/or reversing) brings good fortune.
One has to ask the question if what is at the center of the matter at hand is bringing liberation
(freedom, loosening), or on the contrary, if it is (was, might, or will be) limiting, reducing, or destroying
it, or putting it at risk.
Being free ("liberated") to a degree that is excessive, and/or in a way that is unbalanced, can have as
its effect that one ends up loosing all genuine freedom (liberation).
Gathered sources: This refers to a time in which tensions and complications begin to be eased. At
such times we ought to make our way back to ordinary conditions as soon as possible. This is the
meaning of [advantage being in] "the South-West". These periods of sudden change have great
importance. Just as rain relieves atmospheric tension, making all the buds burst open, so a time of
deliverance from burdensome pressure has a liberating and stimulating effect on life.
One thing is important, however: in such times we must not overdo our triumph. The point is not to
push on farther than is necessary. Returning to the regular order of life as soon as deliverance
(freedom) is achieved brings good fortune. If there are any residual matters that ought to be attended
to, it should be done as quickly as possible, so that a clean sweep is made and no delays occur.
Commentary
This hexagram is made up of the trigrams Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement,
consequences), over Kan, the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory),
which also stands for rain. The name Hsieh implies untying something difficult. The air is always clear
and smells fresh again after thunder and rain, hence the names "to Loosen" (as in "loosening up the
atmosphere"), "Liberation", "Deliverance", "Release", "Clarification" all express its essence.
Kan, the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) also stands for step
by step progress and Zhen the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) signifies the
renewal of life in the springtime.

~ Profile
Thus these persons will be inwardly tenacious, persevering, progressive, purposeful and resolute
individuals. They will take their time reaching decisions, but once their mind is made up they will do
everything possible to achieve their goals expeditiously. Some may be criticized for being too
laborious, but on the whole most will be noble, understanding and considerate, forgiving freely, and
being lenient yet just regarding crimes and wrongdoings.
The South-West is symbolic of where the people are to be found, so these persons should work in
public or concern themselves with public matters.
Lines
"JLK: Liberation (freedom, loosening, breaking free, eliminating obstacles) is (was, might, will,
or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) loosening (freeing and/or liberating)
the toes (what lies at the beginning, at the earliness, or at the basis of things).
JLK: Therefore, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) loosening (freeing and/or
liberating) things at (in, for, with) the toes (what lies at the beginning, at the earliness, or at the
basis of things), and/or in the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing
things), in particular so that errors will be resolved and/or forgiven, which will bring (more)
liberation.
In this, there is no mistake; No error!"
JLK: The fact that one is (as) liberating "the toes", may indicate that one is liberating "the means one
uses to move oneself", to set oneself in motion. This can be the case in a material or spiritual way.
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may suggest one should not take things too strictly in one
way or another, since the toes are made to move in many different directions. Therefore the advice is
that if here, advancing is paired with liberation and what is superior, then this is good (right).
When this yin line changes into yang, the lower trigram of the water (the danger, the incalculable)
changes into that of the ocean (exchange, joy). From this it can be understood that the occurring
"freeing of the toes" (or of the toe) will (ultimately) lead to what is represented by the ocean, i.e.
exchange, joy and sadness.
If this is the only strong line, then the result is hex. 54, Who is Marrying (the Marrying Maiden), where
the first line shows a man taking a concubine as his wife, which symbolizes a certain advance, albeit
not an ideal situation.
Alternatively, this line may indicate that one should question if what is at the center of the matter at
hand is (was, might, will, or should be) showing a "loosening (freeing and/or liberation of) the toes",
especially in relation to the beginning (the earliness, or the basis) of things, and/or ones goals and
endeavors.

Conversely, it may be that the one and/or that which is at the center of the issue at hand is behaving
in a way that is too free and/or independent, without regards for others. Ones own freedom, when let
loose enough, eventually ends up trespassing on the freedoms and rights of others. One has to
determine if this is right and appropriate, or not.
Gathered sources: Loosening and/or freeing up the toes, and/or acting in a way that is free or
liberated at the beginning (or concerning the basis) of things, is appropriate. It removes certain
obstacles to progress.
In keeping with the situation, few words are needed. Things are (what occurs is) proper and just,
meeting the standards, and in their proper place.
The coming together (meeting) of the receptive (what gives in, the yielding, small, weak, passive,
dark, unclear, or open) and the creative (enforcing, full of love, Great, strong, active, light, or filling) as
depicted by the 1st and 2nd line of this hexagram, indicates that (in this case) there is no mistake (no
error).
The hindrance is (was, might, or will be) past, deliverance has (might, or will) come. One is (was,
might, or will be) recuperating in peace and keeping still. This is the right thing to do in times when
difficulties have been overcome.
JLK: There is "no mistake" if what occurs (that which is at the center of ones inquiry) means that one
is (was, might, or will be) creating new possibilities. It comes only after difficulties (perils, dangers)
have been overcome, and not during times when one is still in the process of resolving such
difficulties (dangers).
As this is the first line of the trigram Kan (the water), there is a risk of getting "stuck" (or trapped) in
the way associated with the first line of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness). That's why it's
crucial to make no mistake about ones position.
There will be no mistake if what is at the center of the matter at hand will make one be "unstuck". If
one is in the process of creating new possibilities (at the beginning stage, and/or after completing
things and moving towards something new), then there is no mistake in what is at the center of ones
inquiry.
However, if one is (still) in the process of completing (finishing things, rounding things off) and/or
overcoming difficulties (danger, peril), then this line may hold the advice to understand this aspect,
and act appropriately (i.e. in a different way than is presently being considered, but which will still
bring liberation and new possibilities).
Commentary:
To this line the image is attached of something with "solid and supple borders". It may point to a field
of creative tension between the whole (the situation) and the open lines (the receptiveness of the
situation) and their qualities. It may also indicate a field of psychological and/or psychic movement.
What occurs is the opposite of actively harvesting, or actively seeking advantage and/or profit, but
rather that things are already right, not requiring further action.
~ Profile
The persons indicated by this line possess the basic traits described in the commentary above, but
since this is the first line of the hexagram they are not as strong nor as deeply ingrained as they could
be. In general, the actions of these persons will be innocent rather than conniving or devious and their
lives will tend to be free from major error, especially in the area of their character development.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have a well-balanced character, combining toughness with
gentleness in his leadership and in the division of family duties and responsibilities. He will know the
right times to use severity or gentleness, and his leadership will produce lasting benefits. He will be
free from serious troubles and will have an auspicious life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be persistent, stable and calm, acting correctly and
leading in the right manner. Others will readily cooperate with him, and he will have a good life.
Calmness is propitious.
Relax and rest. Remain calm and peaceful today.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) liberation (freedom, loosening, breaking
free, eliminating obstacles) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary,
Liberation (freedom, loosening, breaking free, eliminating obstacles) is (was, might, or will be)
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) killing three foxes ("three things")
with one arrow (in one movement).
One is (was, might, or will be) receiving a yellow arrow: a liberation, a freeing and delivering
yellow (gold or copper) arrow.
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination will bring fortune (profit, or
advantage)."
JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) destroying (and/or halting) what is small and stealing ones
riches (nourishment, means). One must destroy greed, ignorance and fear. It must be done in the
most efficient and practical of ways.
Those who destroy greed, ignorance and fear in themselves, will free themselves of a cumbersome
burden, and therefore move more swiftly and efficiently.
Gathered sources: The fortune (profit, advantage) consists of the fact that one is (was, might, or will
be) able to keep the middle (in the way one is doing things).
The image of this line is taken from the hunt. A hunter catches three cunning foxes and receives a
yellow (gold or copper) arrow as a reward.

According to ancient symbolism, the "three foxes" symbolize greed, ignorance and fear. In public life
they may take on the appearance of people who try to influence one (the ruler) through flattery (lies,
gossip, or other). They must be removed before there can be any deliverance. Yet the struggle must
not be carried out with the wrong weapons.
The yellow color of the arrow points to measure and mean in proceeding against the enemy. The
arrow itself symbolizes the straight course. If one devotes oneself wholeheartedly to the task of
deliverance, one develops so much inner strength from ones rectitude that it acts as a weapon
against all that is false and low.
The image of the golden (copper or yellow) arrow also points to the fact that it was a highly prized
award received only when something truly great had been done.
~ Profile
Persons capable of eliminating the "three foxes" (greed, ignorance and fear) within themselves, and
in others, are exceptional. If they succeed, they definitely merit a substantial reward. These
individuals will have inherent leadership qualities, and their lives will be favored, by the localities in
which they live and the education they receive. They will develop into moral and spiritual leaders
(some may even become religious leaders) wherever they are and irrespective of their worldly
careers.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will follow the golden mean and will be a just and impartial
person. He will have good morals, personal integrity, and a favorable reputation. He will be able to
inspire others, promote good, and expel evil. His life will be beneficial and favorable on many levels.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also associate with, and help, good people. He will have
wise persons as close friends, and he will avoid evil. He will always have ample wealth and, may get
married two or more times.
Conquer yourself before trying to conquer others.
Eliminate greed, ignorance and fear from considerations, and the results will be favorable.

3
free, eliminating obstacles) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
will be) occurring.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) moving (traveling) riding a carriage, while
nonetheless (occupying oneself with) carrying a burden on ones back (oneself);
And/or: one is (was, might, or will be) (as) using a carriage, as well as carriers (for the
carriage).
One thing one does appropriately (efficiently, smoothly), another thing is done, but totally
inappropriately (inefficient, not smooth, consuming strength, or wasting an opportunity for no
reason).
One thereby encourages robbers (and/or evil) to draw near.
Going on like this is (was, might, or will be) bringing misfortune.
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination leads to humiliation."
Gathered sources: This refers to someone who has come out of needy circumstances, into comfort
and freedom from want. If now, in the manner of an upstart, one tries to take ones ease in
comfortable surroundings that do not suit ones nature, one thereby attracts robbers. If one goes on
this way, one is sure to bring disgrace upon oneself.
Carrying a burden on the back is the business of a common man. A carriage is the appurtenance of a
man of rank, robbers plot to take it away from him. If a man is insolent (immodest) toward those
above him, and hard (without compassion, or any respect) towards those below him, robbers plot to
attack him. Carelessness in guarding things tempts thieves (or bad elements) to steal. Sumptuous
ornaments worn by a maiden (then) are (understood as) an enticement to rob her of a virtue.
JLK: This line may (also) point to clumsiness, and doing things in an awkward, needlessly ineffective
way. This is bound to result in difficulties, at some point.
Any inferior way of doing things can become a "robber" of ones wealth (resources, capability to
exchange, joy). Therefore in a general way this line may hold the advice or warning not to do things in
ways that are inferior (weak, small).
When those who are superior (strong, Great, active, creative, male, good) are led (or lured) to adapt
(and/or adhere to) the ways of those who are inferior (weak, small, passive, receptive, female, bad),
this attracts robbery (difficulties and misfortune). When those who are inferior are given the same
considerations and privileges as those who are superior, none are well served (helped), and none are
in the right position (and/or place). What is truly Great will unite all, in a way that is right (loving), yet
with discernment and respect (of the nature, or character) of each and everyone's position (place),
strength and weakness.
This line is in the 3rd place, which also represents the hips. Thus, there is clumsiness with movement
as from the hips. Since force of movement comes from the hips, if the hips move clumsily, the
movement becomes flawed.

~ Profile
This line shows that pretending to be something that one is not leads to dangers and difficulties. On
the other hand, it is auspicious for those to whom pretense is a requirement, such as actors and
actresses, or those connected with advertising and careers of a similar nature. Regrettably this trait
will have a tendency to enter into their private lives, and this can result in difficulties.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He may rise to a high position and income, in a well chosen and
appropriate field, but it will have much artificiality associated with it.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will tend to be cunning, vicious, mean, corrupt, ugly and
unsociable. His life will be one of hardships.
A void false pretenses.
People readily discern false pretenses. Be yourself.

4
free, eliminating obstacles) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom,
Liberation (freedom, loosening, breaking free, eliminating obstacles) is (was, might, will, or
should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with, through) the way of negotiation and trust
(the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant, the one who is trusted, ones
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) freeing (liberating, or delivering) oneself from the
feeling (or reflex) in ones big toe (loosening up the toes).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) freeing (liberating, or delivering) oneself from the
urge to be moving (and/or acting) at (or before) the beginning of the action (or move).
If then ones companion (a friend, or assistant) is (was, might, or will be) coming, it is (some-)
one whom (or something that) one can trust (and/or rely on).
JLK: One can only receive (and/or unite with) others, and/or what is right, if one will (and can)
forgive (and/or accept). Therefore the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be)
cultivating a judgment (view, an opinion) that is sincere and mild, as much as possible and
appropriate.
If the other(s) (and/or things) will not unite (not move towards one, nor in ones direction) with
sincerity, and according to what is right, then there's no need to offer such forgiveness
(acceptation, tolerance), nor to pursue association and/or collaboration;
This will be liberating in itself."
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) freeing oneself (itself) of moving merely on
the first (trivial) impulse one receives, and/or of moving towards (in the direction, and/or in ways of)
those who are inferior, and/or towards things that are inferior. By not giving in to such impulses (in the
heart, ones emotions, the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant), better things will
come ones way, and one establishes the right circumstances for finding the right friends and/or
assistants.
This freeing is (was, might, or will be) having a positive (liberating, healing, and/or soothing) effect on
the heart, symbolized by the 4th line.
Alternatively, additionally, and/or conversely, this line may indicate that here (under the occurring
circumstances), if the other (ones companion, partner, or associate) is not (already) moving towards
one (in ones direction, and/or when someone is not cooperating), then there's no advantage to move
towards them, or to accept them as friends.
One must understand (analyze) what is (was, might, will, or should be) the right basis for accepting
the other as a friend, to associate and/or collaborate. Maybe one is not being mild enough to
recognize one true friends, or on the contrary, one may not be discerning enough to avoid certain
associations that should (indeed) be avoided (to a certain extent).
Gathered sources: Here, one is (was, might, will, or should be) freeing oneself from (the urge to
associate with) inferior influences, ways and/or individuals, so that there will be an opportunity for
genuinely good influences, ways and/or individuals to reach (or access) one.

The fact that (initially) under the occurring circumstances only something small (receptive, weak,
passive, yielding, or open) is (was, might, or will be) coming towards (or moving away from) one, is
indicated by the unfavorable position of this line.
The situation is (was, might, or will be) inappropriate. But freeing (delivering, liberating) oneself of the
feeling (or reflex) in ones big toe, and/or from the urge to be moving, or acting (at, or before the
beginning of movement or action) leads to finding ones (reliable, or more appropriate) friends.
Thus, in times that one is moving (and/or taking action), though (on a general level) things are
standing still, it will happen that inferior people attach themselves to (some-) one who is superior, and
through force of (what is like a daily) habit they may grow very close to that superior person and
become indispensable, just as the big toe is indispensable to the foot because it makes walking
easier.
But when the time of freeing up, liberating, and deliverance draws near, and with it the call to deeds,
one must free oneself from such chance (coincidental) acquaintances (relationships, or way(s) of
meeting), with whom one has no (real, or close) inner connection. For otherwise, those friends who
share ones views (taste, or other), and on whom one could really rely, and (together) with whom one
could (actually) accomplish something, mistrust one, and stay away.
So, now is the time to choose: separating oneself of the occurring negative influence, or separating
oneself of what lies hidden in the future. Choose for liberation! (freeing-up, delivering, or loosening)
General comment
Some inferior internal elements, or some external weaknesses (in associates, career, position, ideas
or situation) are impending rapid progress, as would happen with an individual suffering from an ailing
big toe. Advancements can be made, but they will not be easy or without suffering until the big toe is
well. But, since like attracts like, a friend will come, in whom one can and should put ones trust.
~ Profile
These persons have great potential, but they must find themselves first before it can be of beneficial
use to them. Their degree of success will depend on correct self-analysis, and on the extent to which
they are willing to be of service to others (the fourth line is the position of the minister).
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will find the right path early in life, and will then have a good
career, with many friends and associates. He will eventually rise to a position of influence and
affluence.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will not find the right path, and will fumble and stumble
through life. His talents, efforts and perseverance will be minimal, resulting in a poor life.
Overcome your pushiness.
Stop driving so hard externally, and refine yourself inwardly. Cooperate with a companion.

5
free, eliminating obstacles) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones

advantage.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) bringing (or offering) liberation (freedom).
(Only) the Great Man will bring (or offer) liberation (freedom).
Good fortune ensues!
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) receiving the confidence (support) of
inferior (smaller) persons.
Inferior (smaller) people (the small weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, or open) should put
their trust in him."
Gathered sources: Thus, the Great Man (and/or that which is Great) is (was, might, will, or should be)
proving to inferior (small) men (occurrences), and/or the woman (weak, passive, receptive), that he is
in earnest. Times of deliverance demand inner resolve. Inferior people cannot be driven off by
prohibitions or any external means. If one desires to be rid of them, one must first break completely
with them in ones own mind. They will see for themselves that one is in earnest and will withdraw.
Confucius' commentary on this is: "But when the Great Man brings (or offers) liberation, they (the
small, or weak) quickly run away (escape)."
This line points to the fact that here, only the very Great (creative, strong, light, or right) will bring the
liberation and/or the solution. It may (also) indicate that it's necessary to make a great(er) effort to
prove that one is sincere and/or really determined about the matter at hand.
JLK: Alternatively and/or additionally, this line indicates that here, the Great one (or that which is
Great, the light, strong, male, active, superior) provides the right and/or appropriate solution for
(and/or adapted to) what is small (female, weak, passive, inferior, open, receptive, dark, evil), thus
bringing liberation (freedom).
Conversely, it may be that here such liberation by a Great man is painfully lacking, possibly because
the confidence of those who are small (evil) is (was, might, or will be) not obtained. In that case, there
can be no advantage. Those who are small (inferior, weak, passive) will rebel, which will need a
response.
~ Profile
No human being is perfect, but these individuals develop themselves to such an extent that inferior
elements are automatically repelled, and good fortune consequently results for these superior
persons. Their greatness brings respect and confidence, without any jealousy, even from inferiors,
whatever their position. The function of those born under the line demands great self-sacrifice and
only a few people can attain such a high degree of evolution.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a sage and sagacious person, with a keen insight into,
and understanding of, human nature. He will correct evil and evil persons, and will help all people. He
will select individuals wisely when meeting needs, and will be in an influential position benefiting
many people.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also attract people through his sincerity and honesty, and
will have a favorable and locally influential life.
Self-confidence is ever desirable.
Have faith, confidence, and respect for yourself and your subordinates, and you can accomplish great
things.
free, eliminating obstacles) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom,
Heaven's law).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like the prince (the duke, the ruler, the
governing) shooting at a hawk (falcon, bird, or prey) on a high fortified city-wall.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) "killing" (catching) it (the object of ones hunt or
pursuit).
Thus, from this (one should) catch the hunt!

Without doubt, then, this will be advantageous.
The effect(s) from ones action(s) then will be advantageous in every way."
Gathered sources: The hawk (falcon, bird, or prey) occurring on a high wall is the symbol of someone,
or something powerful, but inferior (small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, yielding, open, or
female), in a high (or superior) position. The person or occurrence is hindering the loosening (being
freed, or the deliverance).
Here, the hawk is therefore the representation of a wrong (as it concerns an inferior) attitude, or an
inferior individual who is (was, might, or will be) gaining importance. This person (or something) is
withstanding the forces of inner influence, because he (she, or it) is hardened in his (hers, or its)
wickedness (badness, or weakness).
He (she, or it) must be (is, was, might, will be or should be) forcibly, as well as promptly (swiftly, or
quickly) removed (or avoided), but this requires appropriate means, and one should carefully
consider, and discuss things before going on.
Thus, this line may indicate that one is (was, might, will, or should be) getting rid of (moving away, or
neutralizing) bad people, and/or that which is small (the inferior, weak, receptive, or passive); And/or
that one catches or neutralizes (from this, while aiming, and "passifying") something small, or inferior.

In some cases, the reading may take on a more complicated double edged meaning, if the person or
entity being at the center of the matter at hand is found to be of a bad (small, weak) nature, in which
case this line may point to the fact that what is occurring will cause this negativity (smallness) to be
neutralized ("captured"). Then it may point to a humbling experience.
The hawk (the bird, the prey) is the object of the hunt. Bow and arrow are the tools and means. The
marksman (hunter) is man (and human): one who must make proper use of the means to the end.
The superior one contains the means of his own person. He (one) bides his (ones) time and then
acts. Why then should not everything go well? One acts and is free. Therefore all one has to do is go
forth, and one takes ones quarry. This is how a man fares after one has made ready the means
(ways, or tools).
This may be a time of promotion, recognition, and success (or achievement).
General comment
The highest degree of effecting liberation, deliverance or release is depicted here. The prince is a
truly noble person. The hawk is symbolic of evil or inferior elements, which the prince eliminates with
the proper weapon, i.e. an arrow.
~ Profile
These are, or will be, persons who are highly developed and who will leave the normal mundane
manner of existence behind them and devote themselves to higher causes and spiritual matters. They
are to be found in several different spheres of activity, and will usually be quite successful.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be greatly talented, and enthusiastic in his efforts to
achieve results. He will be a man of influence and favorable reputation, courageous, brave and
effective, with sword, tongue or pen. He will make great contributions to his country and to the world,
as well as having a good personal life, especially with his family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a fortunate and influential individual, highly
respected, and with a favorable life, in a modest way.
Be helpful to others.
Continue perfecting yourself. Then help others.

Hexagram 41, the Decrease (the Diminishing, the Balancing)
- Sun (Sun)
The theme of this hexagram is the decrease as a balancing force in nature. It is about how balance
comes about by taking something away from what is too full, giving it to what is too empty, like the
water taken from the sea (condensed into clouds) that is made to rain down on an arid mountain hill.
The Image says:
"the decrease; the diminishing; the balancing; the sharing:
The ocean at the foot of the mountain.

The water of the ocean lying at the foot of the mountain condenses into rain which will nourish
and be beneficial to the mountain.
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) restraining his anger, desires and
passions, contemplating them, staying ahead of his instincts.
The Great Man will be moderate, will diminish what is in excess, and will bring balance to what
lacks it. This way he is certain to allow others to share in (his) wealth."
JLK: Hex. 41, the Decrease (the Diminishing, the Balancing), shows the image of a massive ocean
(joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility,
wetness, swamps) at the foot of a mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and
grown tough, information). The water of the ocean condenses, rises upwards, and falls down as rain
on the mountain, nourishing all that lives on or in it. Thus, the ocean shares its resources (wealth)
with all above. This give the idea of beneficial decrease, sharing, and balancing of resources and
wealth (exchange).
Decreasing (diminishing, balancing) is occurring due to (and/or within a context of) a "closing of the
roads" (reversing, and/or returning), as described by inner hex. 24, the Return (Reversing, the
Temporary Closing of the Roads).
Gathered sources: The water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) of the
fertility, wetness, swamps) condenses, and falls down as rain on the mountain. Thus the ocean
decreases and nourishes the mountain with its humidity.
The ocean pictures wealth and joy [JLK: and the exchange associated with this] that is not being
contained or under control, which allows for uncontrolled passion to the point of being detrimental to
life energies. Instinct and desire drown the heart as in the deeps of the ocean.
Thus it becomes important to decrease, to diminish. The anger should be attenuated, the giving in to
impulses, the dwelling in (inappropriate or) unhappy pleasures, and basic stress should be restrained,
by imposing strict limits.
The mountain beholds the image of stubborn strength that can materialize into anger (so to speak: it
"condenses", adds up into anger). The anger that grows high as a mountain is not contained, it might

grow big and immobile like the mountain, it then might be there for a long time. If on the other hand it
is joy and peace that grows high like the mountain, than this is (was, might, or will be) bringing good
fortune.
As the two occurring trigrams indicate the youngest son (the upper trigram, the mountain) and the
youngest daughter (the lower trigram, the ocean), the occurring passions, desires and anger are
extremely powerful.
Therefore, the rising anger may be mastered by applying the properties attributed to the upper
trigram, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information), and those of the lower trigram, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive
fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps).
JLK: This image can also closely be linked to that of "stacking up" (pushing around, putting "at rest")
wealth (happiness, sadness, or exchange) - or the growing "tough" of it.
Since this is the time of the decrease, when balancing things, this will occur at first by decreasing
something (related to wealth, happiness, sadness, and/or exchange, or to immobilization and/or
"stubbornness" in these areas), which will depend on the matter at hand.
The Judgment says:
"Decrease, diminishing, balancing, sharing:
The circumstances and conditions these describe, when associated with sincerity (honesty),
produce supreme fortune with no blame.
It is good to do the divination, to be anticipating and to be persevering

It is advantageous to have a place to go to.
How, and what to sacrifice?

One can use (what is, was, might be, or will be like) two saucers (and/or two baskets) to offer
the sacrifice.
Even sacrifices to Heaven may be simple.
JLK: If one does not pay Great attention to the way of moving (or taking action) this can lead
to a delay, a minor accident, and/or a calamity.
If (and/or as long as) one lacks the capability (and/or possibility) to communicate and/or share
(balance things, fairly, honestly, and in good faith) so that one gets adequate help to remedy
(and/or manifest) things, ones difficulties will not be remedied;
If (and/or as long as) one is not communicating and/or sharing (balancing, being fair,
equitable) adequately (efficiently as well as fairly, honestly, and in good faith), then things will
get worse.
Even a minor accident (calamity) can become disastrous, if left without remedy (a solution).
Use the eyes, and/or be aware. See all in, and with time, adequately, even when (momentarily)
out of sight.
What is Great must respect (reckon with) what is small (inferior), and its stubborn (hidden,
evil) anger (weakness, and/or hate).
What is small must respect (reckon with) what is Great (superior), and its eternal (visible,
righteous) love (strength, and/or goodness).
If these are the case, then there is a balance (equilibrium), which leads to a decrease in
discord, and things will be remedied.
If these are not the case, there is a decrease of balance (equilibrium), which leads to decrease
of harmony, and things will turn bad."

Gathered sources: Increase and decrease occur at set times. What is essential is to understand the
times and to not hide poverty under a pretentious facade. One should not get shy because of the
simplicity of what occurs, if this concerns an inner truth. It will engage the right attitude, and thus the
right energy, such as to be able to act.
Modest means can be sufficient in lightening up the passions and desires of the heart. Poverty need
not be covered up with empty pretenses. Also, poverty (or modesty) in (or of) the means (the
physical) does not necessarily indicate a poverty (or modesty) in (or of) the spirit. It can quite on the
other hand be specifically its chosen form of manifestation.
Here the "two saucers" indicate the simple means to provide inner strength for further undertakings. It
symbolizes how something like nourishment can be shared in a simple but effective way.
JLK: The idea of decrease is paired with "two saucers" (or "two baskets"), which can be used to
"share", to split what one has (fairly, honestly, and in good faith), to decrease one thing in order to
increase the other.
Sharing leads to communication, which is based on an exchange between at least two entities (even
if it's oneself and ones subconscious). Having the capability (and/or possibility) to communicate
and/or share means one is able to speak and/or give, as well as to listen and/or receive.
Using two saucers (and/or two baskets) to share something, therefore symbolizes a form of
communication, and occurs at the center of the matter at hand.
During the time of this hexagram, the two saucers may thus for example materialize in the form of
electronic devices such as a telephone (two receivers and transmitters) or two audio speakers.
However, the Universal and archetypal meaning of the two saucers (and/or two baskets) reaches
even further. Therefore, they may also materialize in other objects as diverse as two cups (as could
occur in a pair of scales), two baskets, two shells, two shields, two wheels (used to transport things),
two speakers, the telephone (allowing communication in two directions), a satellite system (used for
communication), two computer-screens and/or hard-discs, and anything else that somehow manifests
as a set of two (or more) and that is used for, or expresses, sharing and/or communicating.
In an ultimate way, the theme of "two saucers" can be found in the yin and yang, the "motor" of the
Universe. Thanks to the ocean nourishing the mountain, life evolves.
The idea of sharing something between "two saucers" or "two baskets" also contains the idea of
dividing something through the middle: division. Thus, one may have to determine if the matter at
hand shows division, or sharing (repartition), and its nature. If it's done right, and if there is no discord,
this will be a remedy. If not, there is discord, and things will get worse.
Commentary
When a mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information),
lies above (higher then) an ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and
openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), part of the ocean is absorbed into the
mountain, and part of the mountain is immersed in the ocean, so there is a decrease in each.
~ Profile
These are persons who present a stern, strong front, who need to soften their natures and traits
inwardly for maximum effectiveness. Some will be stubborn, fixed, and set in their ways. Others will
have different faults which need to be decreased.
The lower trigram is the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness,

refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), which also stands for a lake, which indicates that
these persons have the potential to nourish others.
These people will develop their potential more and more as they sincerely rid themselves of harmful
attributes, especially anger and irritability, and increasingly adopt more beneficial characteristics.
They should be particularly wary of their tendency to try and live in the past. Being humble, reverent,
and thankful for all the blessings bestowed by the Creator will be helpful, both to these persons and to
those whom they are helping.
Lines
"JLK: Decrease (diminishing, balancing, sharing) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
doing things).
One's own affairs, being in a hurry and going.

Consider diminishing (decreasing) things.
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) suspending ones (his, its) own
affairs, and hurrying away to help (the subject of the fourth line, the one who is in distress or
ill).
One will commit no error, but let one consider how far (or how much) one should contribute of
(what is of) oneself (himself, itself), to the other (to one, or to what is considered).
It is not wrong to quickly go away, when the work is done (when ones aim has been attained,
or when the endeavor has been fulfilled), but one must at first (before going on) think, and
consider carefully if going away (stopping, or immobilizing) this fast (quickly, or soon), will not
harm the work (the aim, goal, or general intention of the endeavor)."
JLK: It is (was, might, will be) good to help the one (or those) in distress. But this should be done with
some reserve and restraint, thus preserving ones own strength and/or resources. What matters is
finding the right balance between these.
Gathered sources: Here, the question is how much one should invest (of oneself) in the matter at
hand, if it will be enough, if it will be too much or on the contrary still requires more (effort, or means).
Since this line occurs in the hexagram "the Decrease", in accordance with this one should consider
diminishing what is appropriate for the matter at hand.
One suspends ones own affairs, and hurries away "to help the subject of the fourth line": the subject
of that line mingles his wishes with the one occurring in this (1st) line.
It is not wrong to "(quickly) go away, when the work is done...", but one must at first (before going on)
think, and consider carefully, if going away (stopping, or immobilizing) this fast (quickly, or soon), will
not harm the work (the aim, goal, or general intention of the endeavor). Furthermore, one has to
obtain the approval of (or to agree with) ones superiors (what is Great, or lying "above").
One must determine, to what extend it will be right for the one who is at the center of the matter at

hand, to give of what is of oneself (himself, or itself) to the other (which may denote whoever, or
whatever one wants to).
It may mean one should do what should be done (the task at hand) without further (second)
intentions.
Help (or action) that occurs under the rule of certain (specific) conditions, may not (at the end) be
help, but trade (by change of goods, or service). Thus, one may have to see (analyze) if ones help (or
services) occurs at the cost of some one (or something), and if it is legitimate (correctly fulfilling its
purpose).
"Consider diminishing (decreasing) things": in the original text to the Yi Jing, the Chinese word
(ideogram) used for the verb "consider" is "zhuo". Zhuo shows a picture of pouring out liquor (a
sacrificial drink) as a graphic representation of the diminishing (pouring something out of a "vessel"
that is too filled). It may suggest ritual libidations, but also water evaporating from the cooking of rice.
It represents what is like nourishing of all (Heaven, earth, people, or "others") by giving from oneself.
Thus, it may (also) suggest the use of libidations combined with music (and song), at what are (like)
sacrificial ceremonies, or rites.
~ Profile
Normally it is the best policy to move on quickly without fuss to a new task when the previous one is
completed. The world, however, is based on people helping and supporting each other, directly or
indirectly. So when this person's task is finished he should help any others who need it. He is
cautioned that being too helpful and doing too much for others may be just as harmful as not doing
enough. He must give help only after due thought, and only to the extend that it does not place the
other under an oppressive obligation.
These persons will continually help themselves and then help other, no matter what position they may
hold.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a high position, serving his ruler or leader unselfishly.
He will adapt quickly to changing circumstances and handle matters in such a way as to bring praise.
He will discern the true needs of others and will assist them judiciously when necessary. He will
become wealthy and famous
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a man of virtue, but lacking common sense, so that
he neither helps himself nor others advantageously. Therefore he will have a hard life and will be very
busy. Unfortunately he will remain poor.
Follow the golden mean when helping others.
Help others after you have finished your own work, but do not help them unnecessarily.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) decrease (diminishing, balancing,
sharing) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or
regional).
Decrease (diminishing, balancing, sharing) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
will be advantage.
There is (was, might, or will be) profit (fortune, or advantage) in firmness, perseverance,
anticipation, and in doing the divination, while being correct.
Action (attacking, engaging, chastising, going somewhere, pursuing an aim, or goal), under
the occurring circumstances, is (was, might, or will be) leading to misfortune, which might
result in evil; Then things will not decrease, but increase.
This also means that this is not a time of decrease (things decreasing), but of increase (things
increasing).
One can give an increase to others, or related ones, without taking from oneself."
Gathered sources: Here, one is (was, might, or will be) fortunate by questioning things, such as with
the Yi Jing.
Taking action (with "bravado") such as attacking or chastising (engaging) is considered to be a pitfall
(dangerous, and/or full of difficulties). Then there is (was, might, or will be) no diminishing. Things will
be (are, were, might be) increasing and augmenting.
Profit from the divination and anticipation indicates that either profit has been obtained, or that this will
occur thanks to anticipating or doing the divination.
Thus, it will bring profit (fortune, or advantage) to persevere (with what is already going on). It is not
good to attack (to undertake something anew, and/or to be violent).
Here, self-sacrifice is not beneficial to (and of no use to) anyone. If one would give (or accept) help,
this is only of use if it will not make one dependent on the other, and if it will not compromise
(question, or insult) ones (human) dignity and/or well-being. One must carefully (vigilantly, with
anticipation and apprehension) weigh (consider) the interest of each and all, and keep to the middle
(at solving things).
If one is (was, might, or will be) not keeping the middle (at solving things), or neglecting the interests
of others (to a significant extent) or oneself, or of other things, then misfortune must necessarily
follow.
One should not forget that ones first obligation is to be responsible for oneself (ones own way of
behaving), and/or ones most important priorities (concerning oneself), which here may mean that one
is anticipating, doing the divination, and (thus) avoiding mistakes (errors).
This means that under the circumstances, it's better to conserve ones energies (and/or resources),
yet at the same time, if one can be of help while doing this (i.e. giving to others, or something else,
without taking from oneself, or of ones "essence"), one has the duty to give such assistance.

The central position of this line in the lower trigram (the ocean, the wealth, the exchanging, the
happiness and sadness) indicates that firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and (doing the)
divination, is (was, might, or will be) rewarded with the fulfillment of what is wished for (wishful).
JLK: In a more general and indirect way, this line may hold the advice to do things gently, and
moderately (in a "diminished" way).
~ Profile
All life is a matter of service in one form or another, and there are an almost limitless number of ways
one can serve.
Those depicted here will fare best if they pursue only established ways, and do not try to take that
one extra step into the unknown. Also, the more service they may render to others, the greater their
own advantage, but only if this will not demand more sacrifices than they can comfortably bear.
Hence the comment: "One can give an increase to others, or related ones, without taking from
oneself".
The gifts of the Universe are unlimited, and the more one gives the more one receives. The basic
principle here is to find needs and then fill them, within due limits and in accordance with existing
mores.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be upright in character and diligent in the pursuit of
benevolence. He will continuously make beneficial contributions to his country, his work and his
family, as well as uplifting many others. He will have a rich and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be largely unselfish. He will make conscientious
efforts to be of service to others, and will have ample means for a modest life.
Serve others well.
There is a time of giving and a time for receiving. Be correct in all the actions you take.

3
sharing) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues
(If at present) three men are walking together, then one is (was, might, or will be) going off
(away, leaving), and another is (was, might, or will be) walking on, finding his friend when
joining the third.
Then, three people traveling are (or will be) diminished by one person.
Then, one person traveling is (or will be) finding (obtaining) a companion (friend)."
Gathered sources: If three are together, (some-) one will go away (lose the way, or not be behaving
correctly). If one is alone, one will find company.
It may mean that three (men, persons, groups, "things", etc.) traveling together now (under the
occurring circumstances) might rise suspicion (or lead to doubt), and that it is therefore better to be
traveling alone (finding ones friend).
(Also), here, traveling two by two is considered to be more balanced (appropriate), stronger and
happier, than travel by (a group of) three, or as a single person (although the single person will
eventually find a friend).
If things occur as a unit of "two", like when being "dualistic", this is good (in accordance with nature), it
allows for one (thing), to find (move towards, or react in consideration of) the other, without (much)
further interference. It means a third element (influence, or companion) would lead to suspicion, or
quarrel.
The one, leaving a group of three, might go, or be as having "lost his way", separating himself
because of incorrect (or irregular) behavior.
(Thus,) the occurrence of this line may (also) indicate that what is unnecessary (or in excess,
disagreeing, a third party, group, or individual that will not associate correctly) disappears (goes away,
or "diminishes"); And/or that something that is in shortage (lacking, or alone) is increased (gaining, or
finding companionship, friendship, or "what is befriended"). This creates balance.
What (at first) was one group of people, may become three groups, or two: one uniting two "parties",
and another separate (separating, or separated, or alone) joining others (the befriended, befriending,
finding): all end up with finding a friend (the befriended), although for the one leaving a group
(consequently) some time (movement, or adaptation) will be involved.
In another context, this line may mean that if there have already been two occurrences of something,
then having a third occurrence of it is (was, or will be) excessive. If there has only been one
occurrence of something, then having a second occurrence of it is (was, or will be) balanced.
From the Ta Chuan, section II, chap. V, par. 13:
The master said: "There is an intermingling of the genial influences of Heaven and earth, and
transformation in its various forms abundantly proceeds. There is an intercommunication of seeds
between male and female, and transformation in its living forms proceeds.

What is said in the Yi Jing, "Three individuals are walking together and one is made to disappear;
There is but one man walking, and he gets his mate", tells us of nature's effort at oneness of
operation."
JLK: Alternatively, when assessing certain companionship, this line may point out that if one is
walking alone, one will eventually find a true friend, while any friend - to be considered as such -
should be compatible with 3rd parties one is eventually to have to deal with as well, such as to not run
into suspicion and/or cause a falling out.
Conversely, if the matter at hand is about a partner (associate), this line may advice not to let ones
partner alone, and/or to join (and be with) him/her, otherwise he/she (or oneself) will find another.
~ Profile
This reflects a balanced pattern in keeping with the balance between Yin and Yang.
These persons will be good arbiters and administrators, who equalize matters for the maximum
benefit of all concerned. Their private lives will be as well balanced as their professional lives. This
holds true in all spheres, mental, physical and spiritual.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have excellent associates, with whose cooperation much
can be achieved. He will be virtuous, judicious and benevolent. His deeds and accomplishments will
merit praise, and will have the approval of both his juniors and his seniors. He will have a good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be successful in cooperation and social activity, with
his desires and actions readily accepted by others. He will have an easy life, with ample material
possessions.
Strive for balance in all matters.
One is too lonely. Three is a crowd. Strive for proper balance.

4
sharing) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household,
ones emotions).
Decrease (diminishing, balancing, sharing) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or
One (what occurs) is (was, might be, will be, or should be) decreasing the amount of
difficulties (distress, or ill-being) one is (was, might, or will be) dealing with (experiencing, or
encountering), and thus one truly favors the occurring of joy and happiness.
Being able to proceed swiftly (and/or efficiently) is what leads to the joy and happiness.
Applying, allowing and facilitating the use of swift communication (messages, signals, or
signs) will (also) decrease the amount of difficulties (distress, or ill-being) one is (was, might,
or will be) dealing with.
No mistake; No error."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might be, will be, or should be) decreasing and/or controlling ones
sickness (difficulties, distress, or ill-being), and must hurry up (and/or move swiftly, efficiently) with it,
so that there can be (more) joy and happiness.
Here, one decreases difficulties (distress, or ill-being) by being able to proceed swiftly (and/or
efficiently, i.e. not necessarily fast). One may have to use communication (a message, signal or sign)
to achieve this.
A decrease of the difficulties (peril, or dangers), as such, is something to be happy about. If one takes
away, or decreases one faults (afflictions, or misunderstandings) this creates an approach
(association), thus making the other (-one, or -thing) (as) hasten "to come and rejoice" (although the
latter may only occur in a spiritual, or conceptual fashion).
If one employs, or uses the help of the one (the subject) described in the commentary to the first line,
this will be taking away from the pressure, or calamities one is (was, might, or will be) experiencing at
present (under the occurring circumstances).
This may also indicate communication of care and affection, which can do wonders (especially if one
or the other is ill, or healing). Thus, this may be like an endorsement for what are like "get well" -
cards, or messages, and an (early) understanding of psychology.
This may indicate that something negative is disappearing, or that one is separating oneself from
something negative (making an effort to make it go away). This (by itself) is positive to (ones) life in
general.
~ Profile
To correct external conditions one must first correct oneself inwardly. To reduce one's troubles one
must first overcome ones faults. When this is being done others (under the aegis of line 1) are glad to
come and help. This brings happiness and freedom from error.
These persons will be in a position where they can render service to others, and will have the intuitive
understanding that by constantly improving themselves they will gradually become of greater benefit

to themselves and to others. This will bring happiness to all those concerned. Some will make much
more rapid progress than others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will forge ahead and try to do what is right at all times. He will
gladly correct his own faults, and judiciously point out faults in others. He will attain much knowledge
and experience which he will use to advantage by establishing something truly worthwhile. He will be
favored.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will correct his own faults rapidly. He will have many
hardships during his early years and in middle age. His senior years will be easier and more effective.
Correct internal conditions first.
Before being critical of others, first correct your own faults.
sharing) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions,

advantage.
Some are (were, may, or will be) adding to ones benefit what are as ten pairs of tortoise shells
(or shields), accepting no refusal; Indeed.
Not anything, nor anyone, is able to oppose to Great good fortune.
There is (was, might, will, or should be) no controlling obstruction, negation or trial.
Augmenting and shaping;
Partners shape, create, and fill as on indication and stimulation by oneself.
The spring (of blessings) is significant. It is originating from the shielding (protection) above."
Gathered sources: The tortoise shells depict all sources of divination (like that of the Yi Jing), but also:
shells and shields; Or (the image of) the macrocosm. This is like a strong house (or housing
construction), that will be able to protect and shield against what is opposing and/or perverse.
Here, it is indicated that all oracles, as for instance those that are read from the shells of tortoises, are
bound to occur giving favorable signs. According to this, one need not fear over what one is inquiring
about, nor is one able to oppose to the fortune that comes with the outcome and oracles obtained by
divination, anticipation and perseverance.
The source of fortune is significant, as it originates from protecting Heavenly spiritual power (coming

as "from the above", the superior).
This is like when one has received blessings, comparable to those of a spring, but one is not yet
accepting or recognizing them, avoiding or denying what is obviously there for ones own, and
therefore as well beneficial and profitable to the general well-being. Nothing can avoid that one is
obtaining the benefits.
Here, the way goes up (-ward). All good things come to one (as from the above).
General comment
The changing of this line into a Yang results in hex. 61, the Inner Sincerity (the Inner Truth, Inner
Reliability). When inner truth is great, no external force can prevent good fortune from materializing. It
is like receiving the good fortune of ten pairs of tortoise shells (tortoise shells were used for divination
in ancient times) all giving auspicious omens. Thus, when one truly decreases ones faults nothing can
prevent ones good fortune.
~ Profile
These people are leaders and managers who have learned a lesson similar to that expressed by
Napoleon when he said: "If I could keep my anger beneath my chin, I could rule the world."
These persons achieve great control over other faults as well, and are examples for others to
emulate.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a strong, open-minded administrator for, and supporter
of, the leader in his enterprise. He will be in a high position, and helped by wise and able associates.
He will be respected by his juniors and seniors alike, and will attain wealth and fame.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be respected and well known locally. He will have a
favorable life and a good family.
Inner truth is the key to all success.
Inner greatness automatically brings external reward. Develop your inner self.

6
sharing) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) increasing (and/or giving profit to) others (other things,
and/or or aspects), without taking away from (nor depriving) oneself.
Increase (and/or profiting oneself) without this taking away from others (other things, and/or
or aspects), is also not wrong.
It is advantageous to have a place to go to, to have something to do.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) gaining more help, and obtaining more servants, than
can be counted by the families (the clans, the businesses, or the places) that they are coming
from;
But one should not look for any more (homes); Nor will one (be able to) secure (and isolate)
more of ones own (and separate home) to be (fully) available.
It is possible that one is (was, might, will, or should be) finding followers (a following,
something that follows, or serves), but no (new) family (no established and/or definitive home,
and/or association)."
JLK: Here, for the issue at hand it has to be determined if what one has to offer (to increase others, or
things) can be (and/or is) given away (shared) on a fair basis (as within a "house", or family), or not.
Gathered sources: There are people who dispense blessings to the whole world. Every increase in
power that comes to them benefits the whole world, and therefore does not bring decrease or harm to
others. Thanks to perseverance and hard work one finds success, and obtains help (helpers), which
is well needed.
One should look for help (hiring people, or assistants), and may succeed finding it, as this is a good
time for it, but not (look) for a home (or homes, and/or start a (new) household or family), as under the
occurring circumstances, one will not succeed at that; (Or) it is not of importance to the context of
what is presently occurring. What one accomplishes (and fulfills) is not (like) a limited private
advantage. It is a public good, and (might, or will be) available to everyone.
"Increase (or profit) without (that) this (is) taking away from others...", means that ones wishes are
(might, or will be) fulfilled.
Thus, it is good to accept what will be given to one (or what is obtained, at no cost to others). If one is
able to help someone, wouldn't one indeed be doing so? Here, one may receive something (or make
someone receive, giving something), without one being obliged (as by rule) to offer something in
return.
This line may (also) indicate that a gift will loose its meaning when this (aforementioned) attitude is
impossible; If all will be like a kind of trading.
Here, one may give something (in return) to someone (other, or in an indirect way) when he (or she)
will really be in need of it (in due time, when such is appropriate).
JLK: Thus, this line may (also) indicate that for the matter at hand, it will be useless to offer (what is
like) a gift (an item that one negotiates, and/or a compromise), as it can not be received on fair

grounds, and may not be reciprocated (fairly).
General comment
Unselfish devotion to duty for the benefit of others results in directly helping others, and indirectly
helping oneself as well. Naturally this is not erroneous. Furthermore, the more correct ones actions
are, the better the good fortune produces.
~ Profile
Since this man has firm goals he will attract followers. The demand for his services will be so great
that he will have to sacrifice his home life to devote his energies to the public good. Men of great
strength of character, coupled with deep wisdom and able leadership, will be the most successful.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will establish universal goals for himself, designed to benefit
the masses, and will work unselfishly to achieve these goals. Indirectly he will attract wealth and
satisfaction for himself. What he establishes will be lasting and worthwhile.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will set higher than average goals for himself, but will not be
ambitious. He will tend to talk rather than act, and hence his accomplishments will not be great. His
travels will bring him in contact with the upper classes, and he will be moderately successful in most
of his activities. He may even become a religious leader or a monk.
Have a universal goal to work on.
If you look at matters from a broad rather than from a selfish point of view, then others will help you in
your efforts.

Hexagram 42, the Increase (Gain, Overflowing)
- Yi (I)
The theme of this hexagram is increase and gain, like when the amount of water in a bucket is
increased up to the point where it starts to overflow.
The Image says:
"the increase; the gain; the augmenting and elevating; the vessel overflowing with water;
overflowing; the fertile, expanding, additive, healing and constructive condition like when
exposed to the nourishing qualities of water and liveliness;
the help coming from above (and/or Heaven):
The thunder appearing together with the wind.

The thunder amplifies the wind, the wind brings more thunder, and thus, it brings the rain.
Likewise, the superior one, if he sees something good, he is (was, might, will, or should be)
moving towards it, and/or imitating it; If he encounters or sees errors, or flaws, he is (was,
might, will, or should be) turning away from them, correcting them or making them disappear
(in himself, and/or in the others).
JLK: The Great Man will increase what is good and supportive in all, and let what is good and
supportive be increased (as by itself, naturally, effortlessly), by letting things grow, and
stacking things up correctly (righteously, lovingly) in accordance with Heaven's law."
JLK: Hex. 42, the Increase (Gain, Overflowing), shows the image of thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences) giving support (strength) to (and/or accompanying) the wind (the wood,
the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system,
banners, the experience). Thunder and wind operate in opposite ways. The thunder manifests itself
through shock and forcefully, the wind manifests itself through what is softly penetrating, confusing
(spreading), and organizing. Together they bring the rain (the nourishing). Thus, the association of
contrasting forces (qualities) leads to increase. Operating together, the end result is more than merely
their sum.
Sooner or later, increase (gain, overflowing) will only be possible if certain things will fall away and/or
be let go of, as described by the inner hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling
Away), even when only temporary.
Gathered sources: The vessel overflowing with water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the
incalculable, the memory) indicates water to be consumed and to be spilled. The water is brought and
released by the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences).
The thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) and the wind (the wood, the softly
the experience) achieve more by operating together, than by themselves. They are each other’s
opposites. The thunder pierces abruptly and with force, the wind penetrates (organizes, and
confuses) softly.

While observing how thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) and wind (the wood, the
banners, the experience) increase and strengthen each other, a man can note the way to self-
increase and self-improvement.
When he discovers good in others, he should imitate it and thus make everything on earth his own. If
he perceives something bad in himself, let him rid himself of it. In this way he becomes free of evil.
This ethical change represents the most important increase of personality.
The Judgment says:
"Increase, gain, augmenting and elevating, the vessel overflowing with water, overflowing,
fertile, expanding, additive, healing and constructive conditions like when exposed to the
nourishing qualities of water and liveliness, help coming from above (and/or Heaven):
The circumstances and conditions these describe, when associated with sincerity (honesty),
produce supreme fortune with no blame.
It is advantageous to have a place to go to;

Under the occurring circumstances, there will be advantage in every movement that shall be
undertaken.
It is advantageous to cross the Great stream (to cross the Great water, to begin an endeavor,
or to have a place to go to)."
JLK: One must determine if that which is at the center of the matter at hand shows increase on the
basis of (and/or into, towards) what is good (strong, creative, male), or what is bad (weak, receptive,
female). In the latter case, there can be no genuine (real) advantage.
Alternatively and/or additionally, if one is merely working for ones personal gain, the consequences
will be unfavorable (in one way or another), even though at first things may look advantageous.
Gathered sources: It is good to have something to do.
However, there are several small "streams" that should be crossed before crossing the "Great
stream", which means there are several smaller things that should be done before one can begin
ones main endeavor.
The receptive nature of the situation, allows for divine inspiration, which can lead towards an abrupt
awakening of those that are not aware, those that are inert or sleeping.
The sacrifice that those superior offer to benefit the increase of those inferior, creates great joy with
the crowds, which is extremely good for the community as a whole. When people follow their guide in
such a fashion, one can achieve a piece of work, and even difficult tasks. This is why one should
benefit from the opportunities offered during the time of the increase.
It has to be underlined, that this sacrifice might not take away the destructive consequences of ones
earlier actions. This need not be regrettable, it might just mean one is acting in accordance to ones
inner convictions.
Commentary
The image associated with this hexagram symbolizes increase. It advises the superior man when he
sees good to imitate it, and when he sees faults to correct them. The action of the wind (the wood, the

banners, the experience) driving clouds together, producing thunder (arousal, shock, movement,
consequences) and rain, clears the air and nourishes others. That is the action of the two trigrams in
this hexagram. Hence, this is a time for rendering service to others. Through service one gains control
of one's life, which increases others and oneself as well.
~ Profile
These persons will be men of vision, with beneficial ideas. They will be wise and energetic, and have
a strong liking for people as well as a pleasing personality.
Their worth will become obvious to others early in their lives, and the more auspicious will rise quickly
in their careers. They will never stop learning, nor will they ever cease rendering service.
Those (that which is) born in the seventh month [August - September] will be the most auspicious.
Those (that which is) born between the second and the eight month [March - September] will be more
auspicious than those (that which is) born from the ninth to the first month [October - February],
inclusive.
Lines
"JLK: Increase (gain, augmentation, overflowing) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring
doing things).
This shows that it is (was, might, or will be) advantageous for one in ones position to make a
Great movement (to undertake Great deeds).
If it be Greatly fortunate, no blame will be imputed to one.
The time is favorable for undertaking Great projects (endeavors) or pursuing a Great goal.
All will go well; (And) there will not be occurring any mistakes (no errors);
(Therefore) one will not be blamed.
This shows that it will be advantageous for one in ones position to make a Great (kind of)
movement.
It does not (pre-) supposes that the movement one has in mind (ones goal, or aim) is Great,
but that one should consider things from the perspective of (a) "Great Movement", or
"Greatness Moving".
Gathered sources: "If the movement be Greatly fortunate, no blame will be imputed to one": generally
it is not for one (or that which occurs) in so low a position (and/or in such unfavorable circumstances)
to have to do with (such) Great affairs.
What is said about "the time being favorable for undertaking Great projects (endeavors)...", also
means that those who are below (oneself, or that which is occurring), will (might, or should) not
complain about having too much to be doing (that they will gladly participate, or cooperate).
On the other hand this may mean that the help (spiritual, or material) one has received (or obtained)
is (morally) obliging one to fulfill a Great endeavor (to do, or consider a Great action, or movement),
which would be impossible for one (to do, pursue, or consider) if one would have to do without the
help.

Without feeling guilty about the Great (and enormous) fortune that is (has been, might, or will be)
coming ones way (very possibly at the cost, or expense, of someone else), one should use this time
(these circumstances) to achieve (or reach for) something. But one should beware of (ones own)
greediness!
This is a time to be doing something that demands a lot of courage, or energy. There may be good
results, and formidable success.
General comment
This line is the ruling of the trigram Zhen, arousing, and, since it is in the right place, it is a time for
deeds of great quality. There is no blame, whether they be great or small in scope. The important
thing is that they should be noble of purpose.
~ Profile
These individuals will have a strong vitality, imagination and enthusiasm. They will analyze their
possible actions thoroughly in advance, formulate feasible plans, and then execute them precisely.
Rarely, if ever, will they do anything on the spur of the moment without a purpose.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will become capable of undertaking great works, of a nature
that will establish long term benefits, and be considered meritable. He will intuitively know and
support those things which are durable or worthy of duration. He will serve the Creator, his country,
his family and his work well, and will have an auspicious life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a man of worthwhile character and much ability. He
will not be over ambitious, and not inclined to undertake deeds of great magnitude, but he will
manage his household affairs ably and successfully.
Great deeds should be done only when they are timely.
The time is favorable for action. Do not hesitate any longer.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) increase (gain, augmentation,
overflowing) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate,
and/or regional).
Increase (gain, augmentation, overflowing) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
will be advantage.
Some are (were, may be or will be) adding to ones benefit (what are as) ten pairs of tortoise
shells (or shields), accepting no refusal (and/or whose oracles cannot be opposed); Indeed.
The benefits, augmentation, perseverance, and sustaining, are originating and coming from
(the shielding as it is or will be occurring) outside.
Not anything, nor anyone, is able to oppose to Great good fortune."
Let one persevere in being firm and correct, and there will be good fortune.
Let the King (the ruler, and/or ruling consensus), having the virtues thus noticed and
distinguished, employ them when presenting his offerings to God, and thereby stimulate
Universal good fortune.
Kinghood and wise rulership (governing) will obtain benefits from a supreme sacrifice or
endeavor; Significant.
The trial (inquiry, research, or judgment) is (was, might, or will be) perpetual and significant;
One is (was, might, will, or should be) separating the wheat from the chaff;
With ever-flowing and ongoing firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination,
one might be fortunate."
JLK: In a general way, this line indicates that one can't avoid receiving many blessings, as symbolized
by the "ten pairs of tortoise shells (or shields)". It could be that this happens, even if it has to occur in
ways that one is presently not even considering (nor thinking of).
Even if things seem lost, this line predicts benefits (advantages) of a magical nature, as symbolized
by the ten pairs of tortoise shells (or shields).
This is the 2nd line of the lower trigram the thunder. The 2nd line of hex. 51, the Thunder (the
Movement, the Arousing), shows how one has to "relinquish ones treasures" (ones riches), but that
one will get them "back" (in some form), and/or that one has to "climb the nine hills". The presently
occurring circumstances will show either or both to be the case for the matter at hand.
Gathered sources: "Parties add to ones stores": they come from beyond ones immediate circle to do
so. Here, this may therefore mean that blessings, fortune, or enrichment, comes from somewhere
else (than from where it seems to come at present).
The reception of ten pairs of tortoise shells indicates one is receiving Great blessings. One can not do
anything that would result in not receiving them.

The tortoise shells depict all sources of divination (like that of the Yi Jing), but also: shells and shields,
or (the image of) the macrocosm. This is like a strong house (or housing construction) that will be able
to protect and shield against what is opposing or perverse.
Here, it is indicated that all oracles, as for instance those that are read from the shells of tortoises, are
bound to occur giving favorable signs. According to this, one need not fear over what one is inquiring
about; Nor is one able to oppose to the fortune that comes with the outcome and oracles obtained by
divination, anticipation and perseverance.
The source of fortune is significant, as it originates from protecting Heavenly spiritual power, although
here, they occur as from the outside coming in.
This is like when one has received blessings, or when one is receiving them, but still, one is not fully
aware, not able to see, hear, feel, or not yet accepting and recognizing them consciously at their
fullest. Still, one is not able to be avoiding or denying what is obviously there for ones own, and
therefore to be beneficial and profitable as well to the general well-being. Nothing can avoid that one
will be obtaining the benefits.
Thus, here, Heavenly blessing occur at, or from, the "outside", while one is allowing these blessings
to increase what is "within". The "inside" is increased, without this decreasing (taking away from) what
is at the "outside" (exterior).
The image of the protection resulting from the tortoise shields, thus, can be seen as the metaphor
relating to blessings (agreement, compliments, and protection), coming towards one in view (and
because) of the "Heavenly Principle" ("Highest Principle"). They represent, and confirm that ones
successes (and achievements) are the result of ones inner love for all that is good. Ones actions
(achievements), and the results from them, (then) add up to what is (may, or will be) as protecting (to
oneself, and as a consequence to others as well) like "the shield of a tortoise". The effect from this
can occur in an indirect way. That is why it is said that "blessings come from somewhere else" (from
ones immediate, usual, or household circle).
It is not necessary to be looking for success (forcefully trying to achieve things). Success will find you.
If one will be sincere (and truthful), positive forces will cooperate with the strength (and possibilities)
that is (or are) lying within oneself (or within ones reach, within the reach of what is occurring).
Likewise, the appearance of this line may indicate ones restraint (refusal, or denial) in accepting help,
as it is (was, might, or will be) offered (coming towards one) by fate (ones destiny). (But,) as even the
tortoise shells (shields) will confirm, here, fortune is on ones side.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a well-qualified person of noble character, possessing
noteworthy traits, and a strong inner desire to render service. He will be humble and open-minded,
associating with good friends in proper places. He will be in a high position, respected by those in
authority, by his peers and by the people. He will have a long, favorable and prosperous life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be of noble character, but not too intelligent nor too
ambitious. He will have a modest life, with ample wealth. His few accomplishments will be beneficial
ones.
Inner truth overcomes external difficulties.
When your inner nature is truly good, external benefits will automatically come to you. Examine your

character.
overflowing) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones
occurring.
One is (was, might, will or should be) gaining (advantage) through unfortunate circumstances
that are not of ones own making.
Walking in the middle one is (was, might, will or should be) announcing oneself to ones prince
(the heir to the ruler, or to those who are ruling) by the emblem of ones office (and/or the signs
of authority at ones disposal).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) speaking (expressing oneself) in a sincere way, openly
and upright."
Gathered sources: Here, at the top of the trigram Zhen, the thunder (the shock, the awakening), one
is very ambitious but one's position (as symbolized by line 5) is precarious and insecure. Divine
manifestations are not always in keeping with man's ideas.
The advice to be taken from this is that one should make the best of circumstances, without
attempting to push things excessively far, or better, by setting ones goals well within what is known to
be attainable.
JLK: For the matter at hand, it's possible to gain advantage through making the most of unfortunate
circumstances. There is nothing wrong in this, and someone who is (or that which is) profiting from
the misfortune of others is not to blame if he is not precipitating it, or at the cause of it.
If such is the case, one may be confident and walk the middle way, using the authority one has (or the
signs of authority at ones disposal), informing the prince (the heir to the ruler, and/or those ruling).
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may indicate that while there is no harm in gaining
advantage even when circumstances are unfortunate, and/or even when others are experiencing
such circumstances, one may have to do a greater effort to improve matters, it be for oneself and/or
the others. Since this is a yin line in a yang position, one might have to resist excessive weakness
(passiveness, receptiveness, darkness), by stimulating what is right (active, creative, strong, light).
However, this should be done in a way that is receptive (open), especially as related to "the hips", the
strength of movement, ones morals, and/or sense of ego.
Since this is the 3rd line of the lower trigram, the thunder, we find the circumstances further described
in hex 51, the Thunder (the Movement, the Arousing), which shows how there is shock (arousal and
awakening) causing one to be distressed (frightened). If the shock, arousal and awakening spur one
to (appropriate) action, one can remain free from misfortune.
Gathered sources: Taking the unfavored position is sometimes the means of obtaining positive
results. What is unfavorable often evokes the opposite response. Good fortune is frequently hidden

within misfortune. One should take care of a difficulty, but not take credit if there is any benefit. One
wins the friendship and appreciation of others by so doing.
One should at present discover and put into use the benefits of difficulty. This is like drinking bitter
herbal tea, which tastes bad but brings good results by improving ones health. Going through a hard
experience often helps one achieve higher goals.
~ Profile
These persons will be able and sincere, devoted in their efforts to be of service to their leaders and
their country, but they will often find themselves in difficult situations. In many dire circumstances
there will be an unexpected turn of events which will be enriching and rewarding. Such matters are
controlled by the Creator, who knows far better than man what should truly be and why. These
persons do not seek fame or glory for themselves, yet will find themselves well known and sought
after, as a result of their ever increasing reputation. Any hardships and worries are due to their karma,
which they are in process of coming to terms with.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be loyal, upright and diligent in his service to his leader,
and will serve equally well in times of peace or war. He will be dynamic and courageous, and will seek
opportunities to be of ever greater service to his country, his work, and his family. He will establish
himself in a high position, socially, professionally and financially.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have considerable knowledge and much common sense,
and will know how to deal with almost any situation that is not too difficult. He will be trusted and
respected, and his senior years will be very favorable.
Insincerity reaps its own reward.
You will probably be enriched by seemingly dire or adverse circumstances.

4
overflowing) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones
Increase (gain, augmentation, overflowing) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or
If one keeps to the middle course, ones advice to (planning, and/or ones work for) the prince
(or central person, entity or cause to the matter) will be followed (accepted, enjoyed) when
comes the time for it.
One (it, and/or the advice) can (or should) with advantage be relied on, when moving towards
(or when as relocating) the capital (ones center of interest, and/or a major concern)."
JLK: Here, only if ones advice (recommendation, offer, proposition) is genuinely good for all those
who are (and/or all that is) good, can (and should) it be accepted and followed. If this is the case, and
if the advice (also) means one is (was, might, or will be) moving towards (or as when relocating) the
capital (ones center of interest, and/or a major concern), then this is indicating things are in
accordance with the occurring circumstances.
If things are not genuinely good, then the occurrence of this line may indicate it is good to move
(relocate) things to what is already existing and large (the capital), or to a different place than what
one is (was, might, or will be) considering (and/or where one might already be located).
Gathered sources: Ones advice to ones prince is (was, might, will, or should be) followed (ones view
and/or ones work is accepted, or realized): ones only object in it being the increase of the general
good. Consequently this also means that the advice is (can be) only followed if it is genuinely good for
all those who are (all that is) good.
This may depict (some-) one who comes into a negotiating type of position, where one is (beholding
the status as) negotiating (inquiring and/or researching) between what is higher (superior, or Great),
and below (inferior, or small). Here, one may accept this responsibility without fear, as it is in
accordance with the circumstances; One will be able to "handle" things.
If one will be neutral (objective, without specific preference), unprejudiced (open-minded, devoid of
superficial opinions), and keep to the middle way, one will be trusted, and respected, and
consequently be successful when giving advice or offering ones view or work to the prince (or central
person to the matter).
"Moving towards" or "relocating the capital" may point to the necessity to change ones point of
interest, the place where one is doing things, or that which one is working on. It may be that the
necessity is to change either one of these, or all taken together.
On the other hand, this line may (also) point to the fact that (some-) one who is in a position involving
trust (or that which is "confidential"), should never abuse this fact. If something Great needs to be
accomplished, one must carry ones responsibilities (for this) in accordance with the circumstances,
and time. Here, this may already be occurring, or it may be an issue that has to be addressed.
It is important that there should be men who mediate between leaders and followers. These should be
disinterested people, especially in times of increase, since the benefit is to spread from the leader to
the people. Nothing of this benefit should be held back in a selfish way. It should really reach those for

whom it is intended. This sort of intermediary, who also exercises a good influence on the leader, is
especially important in times when it is a matter of great undertakings, decisive for the future and
requiring the inner assent of all concerned.
This line indicates a time of change, new (Great) responsibilities, and opportunities that carry
(contain) success
~ Profile
Noble, capable and trustworthy individuals are depicted here. Full confidence can be reposed in them
to do whatever needs to be done, great or small. They will carry through all duties and responsibilities
laid upon them. They will work for, and close to, great leaders.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a high position in the government, working for the
ruler. His efforts will be fair and just, for the people as well as for the ruler. He will make contributions
of lasting benefit, and will gain fame and wealth and have a rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be an effective administrator, but in a business or
other enterprise. His ideas and efforts will have much merit, and will be readily accepted. He will have
a good life. In yearly hexagram:
Trustworthiness is ever essential.
Serve others well, and you will be serving yourself well.

5
overflowing) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words

advantage.
When you have a truly sincere and kind heart you need not ask questions.
If one be full of trust and confidence and will avoid asking questions, one will be remarkably
fortunate
This shows one with a sincere heart seeking to benefit all below.
The result will be Great good fortune!"
Gathered sources: The ruler with a sincere heart seeks to benefit all below: there need be no
question about the result.
Thus, this may depict one who seeks to benefit (all) others. All those below with (also) a sincere heart
acknowledge ones goodness (and the people, crowds, or others will trust it): one gets what one
desires on a Great scale.
It is advised that one "avoid asking questions", and be full of trust and confidence.
Likewise, one may be full of trust and confidence, and be friendly, then one need not fear a negative
reaction. But one should not ask and/or look for gratitude, or (special) reward(s). Thus, will one be
(remarkably) fortunate Under the occurring circumstances, to be full of confidence (faith, and trust)
are appropriate virtues for one.
Likewise, sincere seriousness (and effectiveness) is not realized if one is expecting (a) special
reward(s), or expecting that (some-) one will consider this (seriousness) to be of (extraordinary) merit.
Good deeds (will) speak for themselves, and will be recognized.
True kindness does not count upon nor ask about merit and gratitude but acts from inner necessity.
And such a truly kind heart finds itself rewarded in being recognized, and thus the beneficent
influence will spread unhindered.
This may indicate a time of self-improvement, promotion, more responsibility, and opportunities that
carry (contain) success
The ruler of the hexagram, strong and central in a correct, strong place, has a truly kind heart and
seeks to give increase to those below. Here there is no question: the effect is inevitably favorable, and
because the good intention is recognized, all is well.
All this may indicate that ones wishes may be fulfilled
General comment
The highest degree to rendering service to increase others is depicted here. It stems from a deep
inner desire so strong that it moves everything externally in the desired direction.

~ Profile
Ones actions are right and just, and consequently these persons have no need to ask the oracle for
advice or guidance. The right answers are already there inside, merely waiting for the opportunity to
be made manifest.
These persons will be a blessing and benefit wherever they are.
Most auspicious (in the best case): His talents and abilities will be great enough to control his country
if necessary. He will love people and will do his best for them. They, in turn, will respect him. He will
achieve well-deserved fame and wealth.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also have a great love for people and will want to do the
best he can for them, but in a quieter and more private way than the most auspicious. He may control
an enterprise of benefit to others, or be a minister or a monk.
True sincerity is unquestioned.
With unselfish and noble motives you can achieve fulfillment of your desires.
overflowing) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
There is (was, might, or will be) no increase (to anyone beyond oneself).
Instead, there is (was, might, or will be) an attack.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will) not trying to add to the benefit of (the) others (to
more than only oneself or ones own group), and someone is (was, might, or will be) blaming
this (inconsistency, insincerity, or lack of perseverance) on one.
There will be misfortune, which might result in evil!"
JLK: Here, one (or those at the center of the matter at hand) is (are) unwilling to contribute to the
acquisition of wealth and/or advantage by others and/or certain parties. Generally, this is a limiting
attitude that those others (parties) will blame on one.
Still, there are exceptional cases where this attitude is justified, when such acquisition of wealth
and/or advantage is done under (and/or associated with) duress and/or other form of injustice, and/or
when overly excessive and/or flawed. Unless one is still able to avoid such a difficult situation by not
continuing in the direction that is being considered, it may not be possible to avoid misfortune (evil).
If under the occurring circumstances one encounters difficulties while one has nothing (of

significance) to be blamed for, one has to determine if one is (indeed) being at the right place, at the
right time. If one is forced to share (give wealth, resources) under duress, things may not be right.
Thus alternatively, the occurrence of this line may indicate that the one (or those) who one is (was,
might, or will be) dealing with, is (were, might, or will be) not (disposed to) trying to add to ones
benefit, which may even provoke one to attack.
If on the other hand there is something (of significance) to be blamed on one, it may indicate one has
to devote oneself to sharing with, and/or giving (more) of oneself (ones wealth and/or resources) to
others, or one may suffer an attack.
The circumstances described in this line may occur in more than one direction (or way), and/or be
reciprocal.
This line is the top line of the upper trigram the wood. The nature of the occurring circumstances
and/or difficulties is further described in the 6th line of hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly
Penetrating and Organizing). It shows one who is "kneeled down in submission", not holding ones
power, authority and/or stability, being brought down to ones knees, and losing ones wealth.
This line is also the 6th line of the inner hex. 23, the Deterioration (the Splitting Apart, the Falling
Away), which shows a ripe fruit that is (and should be) left uneaten, as the superior one does not
need it, while the inferior one can not obtain (benefit from) it.
Gathered sources: One (the one at the center of ones inquiry, or what occurs) is (was, might, or will
be) observing no regular rule (no consistency) in ones heart. Because of this, one is (was, might, or
will be) attacked, or hurt (by one or many, from within and/or beyond ones immediate circle).
The fact that one does not (try to) add to the benefit of others (not bringing increase), or to more than
only oneself or ones own group (and/or interests), suggests prejudice (or presumption). That
someone will be blaming this on one, indicates disapproval from beyond ones own (personal, or
household) circle (as well).
Someone who is capable of helping (being of use to) others (more than only oneself), or of making
others participate in (and/or share) benefits (wealth, or happiness and sadness, as depicted by the
ocean), and who has (was, or will be having) the moral (civic) duty to do so, but who is (was, or will
be) refusing this, will provoke anger (aggression, distrust, or suspicion), and attract assailants (or
robbers). Also, he will become estranged, (therefore) becoming lonely, and (thus) provoke disapproval
(and loathing).
One who is indifferent to others (to ones fellow human being, or more generally 'the world', 'the
universe') makes no friends and/or will become estranged, and therefore be (-come) lonely
(deserted).
Thus, this may indicate a time of antipathy, insults (over and forth), retaliation(s), and loss. Perhaps
one has (been applying) good principles, but (in that case) ones actions (behavior, or movements) do
not reflect ones (this, or these) inner conviction(s).
When this line appears, it is advised to adhere to a calm, and reflecting way of behaving (or attitude).
The master said: "The superior one composes himself before he tries to move others; Makes his mind
restful and easy before he speaks; Settles his intercourse with others before he seeks anything from
them. The superior man cultivates these three things and so is complete. If he try to move others
while he is himself in unrest, the people will not act with him; If he speak while he is himself in a state
of apprehension, the people will not respond to him; If without intercommunication he issues his
requests, the people will not grant them. When there are none to accord with him, those who work to

injure him will make their appearance. As it is said in the Yi, "We see one to whose advantage none
will contribute, while some will seek to assail him. He observes no regular rule in the ordering of his
heart: there will be misfortune, which might result in evil".
General comment
Moral, physical, intellectual and spiritual atrophy are depicted here.
~ Profile
These are persons who have talents and knowledge but fail to use them. The result is a retrogression
leading to misfortune. One should strive to the best of one's ability to keep one's talents active
through use, and especially through service to others. Neglect is a waste and a failure to carry out a
part of one's responsibility to one's fellow men. Lack of ambition, laziness, selfishness, egoism, and a
generally negative attitude are indicated.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be grasping, and covetous of fame and profits. He will tend
to use others callously, and walk over those in his path in order to attain his desires. He may obtain
considerable wealth, but there will be neither happiness nor friendship associated with it.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a vicious, treacherous, lecherous and evil person,
hurting all with whom he comes in contact. He will have a harmful life.
Selfishness is self-destructive.
Any display of selfishness or egotism will harm your efforts. Do not be lazy or greedy either.

Hexagram 43, the Resoluteness (the Angry Outburst, the Settling of a Decision)
- Quai (Kuai)
The theme of this hexagram is about how (in a certain situation) a breakthrough occurs thanks to
resolute behavior (tendency, trend) and/or an angry outburst. It may mean that one escapes from a
situation, that one resolves it, that one achieves something, and/or comes at a decision, or on the
contrary that one will suffer such a resolute behavior, and/or what is as an angry outburst or
unfavorable circumstance.
The Image says:
"the resoluteness; the angry outburst; the settling of a decision; the escape;
the breakthrough; the settling or unsettling; the settling of a decision:
The ocean has gone up high in Heaven.

Like the condensed waters of an ocean collecting high in the sky.
Breaking through, thanks to settling or escaping.

If not escaping, there will occur (what is like) an "angry" (forced) breakthrough (instead of
being smooth).
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) taking heed of (is, or should be
learning about, and/or recording) the early signs of what is to come and probable to occur;
He will study and anticipate how to anticipate, avoid (defend against, and/or evict) evil
(smallness, weakness), before it extends (grows) excessively.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) sharing his wealth with that which
finds itself below him, and is (was, might, will, or should be) righteously fearing to be content
and satisfied with what he has accomplished thanks to thorough self-examination.
He is (was, might, will, or should be) disliking to allow his gifts to accumulate undispensed.
On the other hand, the inferior one can not attain this, and therefore is (was, might, or will be)
at risk of being non-supportive (sympathetic), and/or of (merely) experiencing an angry
outburst.
The Great Man will share what he has received (his "treasures", gifts, and/or talents) with
those below him; His only needs are of a virtuous nature, thus, he has no greed for luxury,
richness or self-gratification.
JLK: The Great Man will make certain to know the direction that things are going (how they are
going to evolve), from reading the early signs and what is shared from them in each and
everyone; He adapts and/or acts accordingly.
He knows that what will matter is how the wealth (the ocean) high above (in the head, and/or in
the way of ruling) is (was, might, will, or should be) shared and reflected by what is strong (the
light) at a lower location (in the workforce, the feet, the body).
He knows that those who are inferior can't receive (much of) the wealth he could offer (share),
as it requires an effort (on their part) to move towards what is superior.

Therefore, if he sees an inferior one being stubborn, he refrains from attempting to do so."
JLK: Hex. 43, the Resoluteness (the Angry Outburst, the Settling of a Decision), shows the image of
an ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement,
decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) high up in Heaven (manifested through what is light, creative,
active, Great, strong, right, loving). This is like the water of an ocean that has condensed (become
vapor) and risen high in the sky. What goes up, will come down. If the resources the ocean contains
(and that will go up) are good (strong, Great, active, creative, right, loving), what will come down in
the form of rain will be good. If not, what will come down in the form of rain will be bad.
The circumstances and conditions of resoluteness (angry outburst, settling of a decision), is one of (or
closely related to a context of) a measure of strength. What strength is, is described by the inner hex.
1, the Light (the Creative, the Active).
Gathered sources: This shows the image of breaking through, breaking-up, or breaking-down thanks
to settling and escaping, resolutely anticipating, achieving, or coming at a decision.
The upper trigram shows an ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and
openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), falling down in the form of rain,
breaking through and breaking the static density of the clouds, symbolized by the lower trigram, the
light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving). This ends the period where the
clouds statically withhold the rain.
JLK: When dealing with what is occurring at the center of the matter at hand, the superior one takes
heed of (learns, records) the early signs of what is to come and probable to occur.
Conversely, this hexagram may point to an absence of such an attitude and/or caution. In that case,
and if light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) is not reflected and/or
shared at a lower position, then there will be difficulties.
Gathered sources: Thus, the water of the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive
fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) has condensed and
gathers together high in Heaven (the light, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving) in
the form of clouds. This indicates an (upcoming) outburst or breakthrough consisting of the water
pouring back downwards as rain. The yin line in the sixth position, at the top, beholds a dominating
position, but all the other yang lines turn against it.
If something powerful sees something placed above itself which is weaker, like the ocean residing
above in Heaven, it will get distrustful, dangerous and defiant.
JLK: This hexagram is indicating that the inferior one, and/or what is small yet powerful, beholds a
kind of secret passion (urge, mission, grudge, sick-fun, bitterness, or otherwise threatening energy or
position) with the real danger of creating an outburst if it is not contained the way the trigrams
indicate: to avoid an outburst one should avoid wealth, pleasure, joy and the opposite, sorrow, to be
piled up or displayed in "high", as well as dangerous or lively locations, like the ocean appearing high
in Heaven.
The outburst also stays contained, and restrained if one succeeds in escaping (it), settling or breaking
through (breaking up), in time and adequately.
Sometimes it is best not to display any pleasure or wealth (happiness, or sadness) at all. One should
keep things (positively) small, or "low key", and (periodically) dismiss, or be sharing the oceans of
pleasure, wealth, joy, and the sadness as well, in order to create general happiness.
If joy and pleasure is high and self-contained like the ocean in this hexagram, it can easily lead into
arrogant and other extreme behavior, or it leads others into frustration and anger. In accordance with

the lower trigram, the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving), which
indicates perfect justness, enlightenment, love and strength, one should avoid to simply be satisfied
with oneself, as this will only lead to disaster. One should (constantly) keep an appropriate and
anticipating fear for the incalculable (the water, on the verge of bursting down like rain).
One can temper the danger with the same elements that attract it. They are indicated by the ocean:
by sharing wealth, pleasure, humor and/or joy, and by being friendly (loving).
It is possible to be stronger and weaker than something (or someone) else at the same time. If two
parties oppose, the mechanism described through this hexagram applies to both sides.
It is the image of holding ones ground, resisting without using violence by "breaking" the
"momentum", as if escaping things with honor. It will allow for society in general to progress.
The Judgment says:
"Resoluteness, an angry outburst, settling a decision, escape, breakthrough, settling or

unsettling:
The conditions these describe must be paired with what is right, sharing, and truthful.
One has to inform (has to express oneself at) the court of ones King (ruler, or government).
The information (the manifestation of the expression) must be given according to the truth.
What is weak is supported by five strong ones.

There is danger in "speaking the truth" (expressing oneself openly, too ostentiously, and/or
visibly), and/or going on with what would seem right after a superficial "glance" or assertion
of the situation.
But living through the danger, enduring and/or anticipating it, will lead one towards the light.
JLK: One will be at danger if one is too self-satisfied, and/or too happy and full of oneself,
and/or if one carries what one owes too highly or shiny (the circumstances will possibly not
allow this).
One has to inform one's own town as well.

It is not right to use weapons, to act bluntly, and/or too strong.
It is advantageous to do something (to advance)."
JLK: The fact that "one has to inform (has to express oneself at) the court of ones King (ruler, or
government)" and that this must be given "according to the truth" (according to what is supreme and
right) indicates that what one has to say (express) or do must be of such high (good, truthful) quality
and rightness, and so well-measured, that it can be presented (experienced) at the highest level of
society (or of ones hierarchy).
This requires that one does so in the most appropriate circumstances, in order to guarantee that the
message of truth can be received in full, uncompromised.
Gathered sources: The top (yin) line represents a vulgar being finding opposition. The upper trigram,
the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement,
decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) indicates the mouth, which relates to "informing the court",
making an announcement, a statement. The lower trigram, the light (Heaven, the creative, active,
Great, strong, right, male, loving), indicates fight and danger. Both trigrams indicate metal, relating to
the use of weapons. However since the situation as such beholds success, external use of weapons
is unnecessary.

Even if there is only a vulgar individual that beholds the power and authority in a town, that authority
doesn't keep the noble from getting overwhelmed and annoyed by that individual. If there is even one
passion, steadily anchored in the heart, this passion can rule out and obscure reason by itself.
Passion and reason can not coexist, because passion causes enlightenment whereas reason asks
for the receptive, the matter, the earthiness. This is why the battle is relentless if one tries to fight for
what is good.
There are nevertheless some rules if one wants to fight what is bad and/or evil successfully:
1) One should base ones determination by combining force and goodwill.

2) A compromise with what is bad and/or evil is impossible. What is bad should always be discredited
publicly [JLK: unless it does more harm than good, considering the circumstances and conditions];
But just as well: personal imperfections and passions should be recognized and not be embellished.
3) The fight should not be (excessively) violent, (excessively) blunt, or (excessively) forceful. When
evil is treated in what is considered an evil or nasty way, it will feel entitled to do so equally. The
weapons of evil become useless when they can not fight what they are not used to fight.
Also, fighting evil with evil may result in oneself being carried away by it, where one ends up
entangled in hate and bitter passion.
4) The best way to fight what is bad is to progress energetically into what is good.
Thus, this hexagram requires - in the one who would fulfill its meaning - the exhibition of "the
offender's guilt in the royal court" (resolutely displaying what has (carefully) been decided or
occurring), and a sincere and earnest appeal for sympathy and support, with Great consciousness of
the peril involved in exposing the criminal. One should also make an announcement in "ones own
city", and show that it will not be well to have recourse (at once) to arms (to use force). In this way
there will be advantage in whatever way one shall go forward to.
The fact that "one has to inform one's own town as well" may also indicate that in order to
successfully address conflicting issues, one should be equally critical of ones own actions as that of
the other, and equally publicly discuss them in a sincere way. For no one is without errors or
imperfections, and discussing and recognizing ones own faults will aid and stimulate the other to
recognize their own and/or take away the other’s possible reasons not to settle the dispute.
See also Ta Chuan, section II, chapter II, par. 13:
"In the highest antiquity, government was carried on successfully by the use of knotted cords to
preserve the memory of things. In subsequent ages, for these the sage (wise, and holy ones)
substituted written characters and bonds. By means of these, the doings of all the officers could be
regulated, and the affairs of all people accurately examined. The idea of this was taken, probably,
from the hexagram Quai (Kuai) - the Resoluteness (the Angry Outburst, the Settling of a Decision)."
Commentary
The last weakness of evil (that one may possess) must be removed (from the top of the hexagram) in
order that the perfection of the Creative may be achieved. This must be done with determination,
openly and in public.
There is always the danger of evil trying to fight its way back to regain its former place. Hence not
only is an open confession required, but one's inner self must know and accept the change, and carry
it through in a peaceful manner. Fighting will give the evil strength. Advancing, and removing the
weeds one by one, in a just way, will be advantageous.
The trigram Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness,
refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) is above Qian, the light (Heaven, the creative,
active, Great, strong, right, male, loving), which symbolizes Heaven (the ruling principle). Heaven
indicates Heavenly nourishment, i.e. the improvement of morals and character in some, and the
enhancement of spiritual development in others.

~ Profile
These individuals have the potential to be superior persons, able to help other individuals to improve
themselves. They will be found in all walks of life and at various levels, always at stations where
destiny decrees they can serve the divine purpose best. Their inner strength and ability is great if they
choose to use it. Through use it will grow and thus be of ever greater value.
Lines
"JLK: Resoluteness (an angry outburst, settling of a decision, an escape, a breakthrough,

settling or unsettling) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in,
for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or in
the way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) at the beginning (of action);
Strength occurs in the toes that are advancing.
If there is merely strength at the beginning, and/or in the toes (the workforce), but not after
this (not over a long period), and/or not in the head (the ruler, the leader), advancing will be a
mistake.
If one lacks the support of a good ruler (leader) and/or leading principle(s) (wisdom), there can
not be any (genuine) success.
JLK: If those who are (or that which is) low (inferior) don't (doesn't) understand (and/or
narrowly cooperate with) those who are (or that which is) high (superior), and/or if one (it)
lacks control (strength, mastery, and/or leadership), one (it) is (was, might, or will be) not
capable to bring things to the right end (to a success, completion).
When one goes on without being capable to bring things to the right end, being unequal to the
contention (while unable to foresee this), it is a mistake;
And/or if one plans on something going on, knowing (full well) it will not be capable to bring
(hold) things to the right end, not having the capacity for the task it is meant to complete, it is
a mistake;
Then there will be ground for blame.
This means it will not be a mistake if one will stop with what may (very) possibly not be
successful.
JLK: On the other hand, if there is also strength over time (over a long period), and in the head
(the ruler, the leader, the ruling principle), advancing will be not be a mistake, and there will be
success.
If one has the support of a good ruler (leader) and/or leading (ruling) principle, and if the
workforce will avoid immature (erratic) behavior, there will be success, and there will be no
mistake."
JLK: Here, one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) at the beginning (of action, or of things), and
(still) strong. One has to determine if this strength can be maintained not just at the beginning, but
until the very end, to successful completion.
If one has "the support of a good ruler (leader) and/or leading principle" while having available a

mature workforce (that will avoid erratic behavior), there will be success. Even if not all tasks may be
completed (due to difficulties in the beginning, or at the toes, the feet), there will still be success, and
therefore a certain amount of completion.
Still, one (who is at the beginning) is at risk of not being at the capacity to foresee (the vastness, or
nature of) the contention (challenge, conflict, and/or fight) one is facing.
If there is a possibility that one might lack the necessary strength over time, and/or if one lacks the
right control and/or leadership and/or "leading principle" (solidarity) to deal with the matter at hand, it
will be a mistake to go on (with things). Then one must stop going on in the present (new) direction,
and/or postpone things until more is clarified or changed (in/about the fundamental way of doing
things).
Gathered sources: The problems occur due to being "at the beginning of things", early, when young,
inexperienced, and/or foolish. One lacks a full view and/or understanding, and/or the capacity for
these.
Although one is strong in one area (i.e. the "feet", and/or the "workforce" - as symbolized by the
position of this line), one (presently, under the occurring circumstances) may lack (the necessary)
strength in other areas (such as certain know-how, business, management, emotional, and/or spiritual
capacities - as symbolized by the other lines) that are of critical importance here, and which one has
not yet recognized (identified).
In that case, therefore, there is (was, might, or will be) no mistake in stopping (and/or interrupting) the
action that is being considered, and that is presently at its beginning stage.
JLK: Note that with the type of comment of this line, it is important to carefully consider the way one
has phrased ones question, and its timing. What matters here, is to identify what action is as "at the
beginning", and what not, and to stop it appropriately, and/or adapt things.
Seeing that here, the problems are at "the beginning", and/or related to youthful folly (erratic
behavior), they might be overcome and/or avoided thanks to excellent leadership, control, and/or
leading principle(s), and/or a good balance between leadership (the head) and workforce (the feet).
If there is genuine control (balance) and competent leadership, and if it is supported by the other
lines, there will be success.
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) going forward (or contemplating to do so) without
being able to succeed: going forward (taking action, fulfilling an endeavor) is (or would be) a mistake
(an error).
If this line appears when asking if one should do something, or on the contrary, refraining from it, this
may indicate that (if one would be) going forward, (this) would bring misfortune, as (in some way) one
(or things) will not succeed (to fulfill ones aim).
It may indicate that one is (was, might, or will) not (yet) (be) able to see what will hinder (and bring
difficulties) to the successful outcome of ones endeavor. One may not be able to see (assess, or
understand) the mistake (error) that is (or may be) made. Even if the mistake (error) is not ones own,
going out, or forward, would bring embarrassment, or shame (due to ones wanting, and attempting to
fulfill an endeavor, and than failing at it).
(Thus,) this may indicate a (time of) conflict, that is caused due to (some-) one overestimating ones
own capacities, and/or being without modesty. This does not necessarily indicates oneself, or the one
doing the inquiry, but may indicate (the mistakes, or errors of) others (anyone, or anything) that may
be concerned under the present circumstances.

If one is (was, or will) not (be) capable to fulfill the task that one sees in front of oneself, or if one has
(or sees) reasons not to fulfill it, one should not (even) pursue, or start (with) it. If one will try to fulfill it,
or go on, then this will certainly bring difficulties and misfortune.
Thus, in times of a resolute advance, the beginning is especially difficult. One feels inspired to press
forward, but resistance is (still) strong. Therefore one ought to gauge (calibrate, balance, or weigh
out) ones strength, and venture only so far as one can go with certainty of success. To plunge blindly
ahead is wrong, because it is precisely at the beginning that an unexpected setback can (or may)
have the most disastrous results.
General comment
This line in the bottom position, does not have sufficient strength to advance and attain success by
itself. Hence, any boastfulness or show of power is erroneous since this will not accomplish results,
even if one is not to blame for this. But if one acts thus, then one will deserve blame.
~ Profile
Primarily, it indicates that those with this controlling line should be cautious in their lives, and only try
to advance at any given time as far as they know they can safely go, yet they should always strive for
advance. All will have great inner strength, but some will use it for purposes of good and some will
not.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will know when, in which direction, and how far to advance. He
will be wise, and capable of avoiding danger. He will be wise inwardly. His external circumstances will
be such, however, that he will not be able to use all his knowledge effectively. He will have a good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a man of no virtue, who will use his powers for gain
and self-satisfaction. He will be boastful and will exaggerate. He will always try to be the leader, but
will lack the basic intelligence to carry matters through effectively. He will have many hardships, and
may bring disaster upon himself and his associates.
Stay within your limits.
It would be a mistake to try to force results today. Proceed only as far as you can safely go.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) resoluteness (an angry outburst, settling
of a decision, an escape, a breakthrough, settling or unsettling) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves
Resoluteness (an angry outburst, settling of a decision, an escape, a breakthrough, settling or

unsettling) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the
consensus).
will be advantage.
Although loud cries, and alarms, are (were, might, or will be) occurring (as) in the middle of
the night (when things are darkened or unclear), one who is prepared and armed (who will arm
himself, and/or who has prepared and organized his way(s) of defending himself, or starts
doing this), will not need (and have no reason) to fear (or be anxious)."
Gathered sources: To be armed (to have a method, or way of defending) and/or to organize (obtain,
or install) arms (methods, or ways of defending) and to be without fear, is indicated by the central
position of this line in the lower trigram (the light, the creative, the active, the male).
Though hostile measures may be taken against one (or if difficulties are encountered), if one is
(correctly) armed and well organized one need not be anxious about them: one pursues the course of
the due mean. Correctly doing things will make one succeed to be maintaining a "quiet composure",
without fear.
Perseverance and firmness (in this matter) are only effective when combined with finesse, sensitivity,
and carefulness. One must be prepared, and apprehensive towards the unexpected and
spontaneous.
This is a time where quiet, active (productive) people may expect (some) profit (fortune, or
advantage).
One lesson that is contained in this line is that here, reason should win over passion. Ones mind has
to control ones emotions.
One has to decide (or assess) if "the way(s) that will be defending oneself" will be functioning
adequately (properly), and in time, or not, and if one should do something about this (or not).
If things are not right, one may reasonably fear any hostile measures (or difficulties) occurring "in the
dark" (the unclear, among the small, bad, or (inwardly) weak). If all is functioning correctly (and
properly) then there need be no fear: not even "in the middle of the night" (or "darkness").
Readiness is everything. Resolution is indissolubly (and inseparable) bound up with caution (and
apprehensiveness). If one is careful and keeps ones wits about one, one need not become excited or
alarmed. If one is watchful at all times, even before danger is present, one is armed when danger
approaches and need not be afraid. The superior one is on his guard against what is not yet in sight
and on the alert for what is not yet within hearing (or within ones reach). Therefore one dwells in the
midst of difficulties as though they did not exist. If one develops ones character, the people (the
others) submit to one of their own accord. If reason triumphs, the (excesses of) passions withdraw of
themselves. To be circumspect (precise), and not to forget one's armor (and protective measures) is
the right way to security.

Dui, the ocean, the upper trigram, (here) means mouth, which results in the image of the cry of alarm.
Dui is in the west, which indicates (the) evening. Qian, the light, is in the northwest, which indicates
night. Metal is associated both with Dui and with Qian, and this indicates arms (weapons, ways of
defending). But (here) there is (yet) nothing to fear, because the line (and what it represents) is strong
(Great, creative, light, active, filling) as well as central (while) in the middle of the lower trigram Qian
(Heaven, the Great, the strong and creative, the light, loving).
JLK: In the Judgment, it is said: "It is not right to use weapons, to act bluntly, and/or too strong.", Thus
here in line 2, "one who is prepared and armed ... will not need (and have no reason) to fear (or be
anxious)" refers to the idea that "being prepared" (and strong) is what may be enough to deter hostile
forces. One need not actually have to resort to the use of weapons. Therefore this line may point to
the idea that there are "other ways" to defend oneself, i.e. without actually using ones (destructive)
weapons, and/or by the mere fact of having those available (and ready to use, i.e. "prepared"), which
may be enough to intimidate and rebuff hostile forces.
This is a yin line in a yin position. Thus, one should avoid giving in to what is weak (inferior, small,
bad), and/or avoid letting it become too strong.
General comment on the line
One who is alert and prepared can cope with any situation.
~ Profile
These persons are strong energetic and diligent in their efforts, and in correcting and improving. They
have the innate intelligence to know what needs to be done, and how to do it. They then have the
necessary strength of character, and a sufficiently propitious personality, to carry it through to
completion. They also know how to protect themselves against even the most artful people.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be wise and thoughtful. He will take logical precautions
against calamities, and will help save the nation from imminent dangers. He will follow the golden
mean. People will readily submit to him, and he will achieve fame in literary and/or military matters.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be good at planning and in strategic matters. He will
like to be active. Sometimes he will have joy, and sometimes sorrow. He may establish merit and gain
a favorable reputation in the government or military, but not to such a high degree as the more
auspicious.
Always be prepared.
Check your preparations. If you are well prepared, have no fear.

3
of a decision, an escape, a breakthrough, settling or unsettling) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) manifesting (displaying) ones (its) strength in
the jaws (or cheekbones).
The superior one is firmly resolved and is bent on cutting off the criminal (the inferior).
He will walk alone and encounter rain, getting bespattered by mud, and will be hated by his
proper associates as if he were contaminated (by his offensive correlate).
People will murmur (gossip) against one.
Ultimately this is (was, might, or will be) not a mistake and in the end there will be no blame
(against one).
But there will be misfortune, which might result in evil.
JLK: The Great Man (the superior one) adapts in, with, and through time.
He shares his wealth in a way that is righteous, joyous, and easy;
As it is this that reflects the power of the light."
JLK: The fact that one is (was, might, or will be) manifesting strength in the jaws, may (also) refer to
"biting" violence and/or strong words (offensive language). If there's still time and/or an opportunity to
avoid these, even though one is in ones right (as one is resolved on containing those who are
criminal, bad, evil), the misfortune might be averted.
This the meaning of: "The Great Man adapts in, with, and through time."
Gathered sources: The superior one looks to be inclined and bent on "cutting off the criminal"
(eliminating the inferior): there will be no mistake (no error) in the end.
At this time there are (were, might, or will be) difficulties, and there is (was, might, or will be)
unpleasantness with others. If one is (was, or will be) determined to take the proper attitude, and
behaving correctly, without displaying, or using arms, one may expect (some) profit (fortune, or
advantage).
This depicts (some-) one who is in an ambiguous situation. While all (the) others are (were, might, or
will be) engaged in a resolute fight against all that is inferior (or small), one alone has a certain
relationship (or dealing) with someone (or something) inferior (small, or weak).
If one were to show strength outwardly and turn against this person (or something) before the time is
ripe (or appropriate), one would only endanger the entire situation, because the inferior one would too
quickly have recourse to countermeasure (too radically).
The task of the superior one becomes extremely difficult here. One must be firmly resolved within
oneself and, while maintaining association (or dealing) with the inferior one, hold back adequately, in,
through, and with time, and avoid any participation in the inferior ones evilness.
One will off course be misjudged. It will be thought that one belongs to the party (or group) of the

inferior one(s). (Therefore,) one will be lonely because no one will (want to) understand one.
Ones relations (or dealings) with the inferior one will sully one in the eyes of the multitude, whose
crowds (the others) will turn against one, grumbling, or cursing. But one can endure this lack of
appreciation, and makes no mistake, because one is (was, might, or will be) true to oneself (and what
one knows to be right).
Alternatively, this line may refer to a situation where one is dealing with an inferior (re-)occurrence,
issue, item, and/or behavior, with similar implications as for if it was an inferior person.
Qian, the light (the creative, active, strong, and flexible, as indicated by the lower trigram) is "the
head". The third place is at the top of this trigram, that is what results in the image of the cheekbones.
This yang (strong) line belongs to the strong primary trigram Qian (the light, Great, strong, creative,
active, straight, or filling), and also stands in this hexagrams lower inner trigram (which also is Qian).
It is this which results in the image of redoubled resolution.
The line (and what it represents) is solitary (lonely, but with a (single) association) because it alone is
in the relationship of correspondence to (dealing with) the dark (yin, small, weak, vulgar, yielding or
open) line at the top.
Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement,
decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), depicted by the upper trigram, is a body of water, and
suggests the idea of rain bespattering (making "wet") the line.
The strength of its nature protects it from contamination by the dark (weak, small, receptive, passive,
dark, unclear, vulgar, yielding, or open) line above, therefore, despite (the) unfortunate (and resulting
evil) appearances, there is no mistake (no error) at the end.
~ Profile
These persons are quite strong and intelligent, but unfortunately over eager. They like to talk, but if
their efforts are primarily talk with nothing concrete behind it, or if they are injudicious and
inadvertently make their plans known in advance to the wrong persons, then misfortune will result.
Their eagerness will make them hasty, and in general, they will not be able to wait for, or cooperate
with, slower thinking and acting people. So they will set forth to attain their goals on their own.
The rain symbolizes that they will tend to achieve their purpose, but if they are muddied on the way,
people will think adversely of them. Since their purposes, in general, are correct, they should not be
blamed even if they go about trying to attain their goals in the wrong way.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be greatly talented and knowledgeable, and possess
toughness and fortitude. He will thoroughly think matters through before acting. He will be able to
destroy separatist cliques and help remove the troubles of the country, for the benefit of the
government and the people. He will achieve great merit.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be smart yet hawkish, liking to fight, and generally
troublesome. He will enjoy solitude, and will have few friends. He will be very critical and will worry
frequently.
Back your words with deeds.

Try to be well balanced. Do not try to influence others by words alone. Support words with strength.
of a decision, an escape, a breakthrough, settling or unsettling) in (for) the heart (the thorax,
ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
Resoluteness (an angry outburst, settling of a decision, an escape, a breakthrough, settling or

unsettling) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) as one whose skin has been stripped from ones
buttocks, (hips, or thighs) and who walks slowly, and with difficulty; Walking comes "hard".
If one could act like a sheep led after its companions [JLK: and/or study why the sheep move
in the direction they are moving, and/or the way this occurs], occasion for repentance would
disappear.
JLK: But, if one is too inexperienced (with using the Yi Jing) and/or too shallow (superficial),
though one hears these (ones) words, one will not believe them.
On the other hand, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) listening, believing
(what need be believed), and is (was, might, will, or should be) adapting (himself) to things,
while considering (scrutinizing, studying, learning from) the herd's (the trend's) direction."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, or will be) at risk of not being at the right
place and/or not doing things the right way. One must avoid basing ones decision(s) merely on
assumptions and/or wishful thinking, brought about by the desires (passions, emotions, obstinacy,
stubbornness) one holds in ones heart, as indicated by this line being in the 4th position, which
symbolizes it.
The way to escape impending misfortune is to go with (go in the same direction as, and/or get
indications from) the herd (the masses, those who are of the same kind, the trend), and/or with what
is abundantly clear, obvious, and confirmed by many (observable, verifiable) facts (elements, and/or
indications), and not merely an isolated (possibly exceptional, and/or wrongly understood)
occurrence. Facts speak louder than words, so they are a good basis to take decisions, since here,
words (advice) will (mostly) not be believed.
Still, moving with (and/or getting indications from) the herd (the masses), here (under the occurring
circumstances), does not necessarily mean the herd moves in the right direction, or that it is right for
the one at the center of the matter at hand. It is the fact of going with the herd (the masses), and/or
seriously taking it in consideration (under scrutiny, investigating it, and/or reckoning with it) that averts
misfortune, not the direction in itself.
If one sees things going into the wrong direction and would like to warn the others, ones words will
not be believed, and there might even be sanctions (resulting in walking with difficulty). So one has to
adapt to this, in the first place by not causing friction (conflict) with the herd (the masses).
Thus, alternatively this line may indicate that one is (was, might, or will be) misled like a sheep, but

that this is a consequence of wishing (and/or having) to avoid friction with others, and it makes one
avoid punishment (while being amongst the herd, not necessarily indefinitely, or when alone).
It is (was, might, will, or should be) right to follow the advice one is (was, might, or will be) given,
and/or it is right to scrutinize it thoroughly (to take it into consideration with seriousness). One may
have to learn to trust (the other). It is (ones) experience that teaches one when to trust (others and/or
things), and when not to (yet reckon with it).
Without (the right) experience, one tends to be distrustful of advice, or merely ignore it (and/or be
negligent about it), especially when already embarked on the wrong path (and/or a mistake). Still,
there is nothing wrong to look for confirmation by studying the facts (to an appropriate degree, without
wasting time and/or opportunity). However, in that case one must make sure to take enough
(relevant) facts (elements) into account.
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) walking (moving) slowly, and with
difficulty: one is (was, might, or will) not (be) in the place that is (was, might, or will be) appropriate.
One hears these words but does no believe them: because one fails to understand.
Here, (some-) one is (was, might, or will be) suffering from inner restlessness and can not abide in
ones place. One would like to push forward under any circumstances, but encounters unsupportable
obstacles. Thus, ones situation entails an inner conflict. This is due to the obstinacy with which one
seeks to enforce ones will. If one would desist (abstain) from this obstinacy, everything would go well.
But this advice, like so much other good counsel, will (or might) be ignored. For obstinacy makes one
unable to hear or see, for all that one has ears or eyes.
This line (and what it represents) is in the lowest place of the upper trigram Dui (the ocean, the
exchanging, the wealth, the happiness and the sadness). This is what gives the image of thighs (hips,
or buttocks). The fact that the line is hindered in its forward push by the strong line in the fifth place
suggests the idea that walking (or moving forwards) is impossible (and "hard").
A symbol of Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness,
refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), is sheep, and it is this which results in the advice
to let oneself "be led like a sheep". The fact that the sheep follows after its companions indicates that
he should follow those (or that which) he has been with for a while and with whom trust has been built
up.
As the line (solely) changes, the (resulting new) upper trigram will be the trigram Kan, the water
liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), which (also) indicates the ears (or
the reluctance to listen). But since the line is neither correct (adequate, in, with, and through time),
nor in its proper (appropriate) place, it (the one, those, or that which it concerns) is (was, might, or
will) not (be) paying heed to what is said.
General comment
Normally the fourth line depicts the minister and the actions appropriate for him. In this case it speaks
of an intelligent culprit who has been punished for not listening or not following the advice given to
him. If he would accept the suggestions made, as a sheep will allow itself to be led, then his troubles
and irate feelings would disappear. But he will tend to remain stubborn and not listen to this advice
either, but follow his own way, as a minister should be, he will use this advice as a guide for removing
mean people and evil influences. Some will take action and some will not.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a knowledgeable and experienced man of virtue,
working for the maximum good. He will work unobtrusively, and will readily accept valuable advice

from others. In general, he will make correct decisions and do what is right, and thereby attain fame.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will hold to wrong beliefs obstinately, and his plans will fail.
He may become crippled or deaf. He may become a cowboy, a shepherd or a zoo-keeper.
Accept sound advice, regardless of its source.
You are being stubborn. Be willing to listen to, and accept, the advice of others, including this advice.
of a decision, an escape, a breakthrough, settling or unsettling) in (for, with) the mouth (the

advantage.
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) (as) small men (the inferior, weak, female, and/or evil)
(or) like a bed of weeds, which ought to be uprooted (discarded, avoided) with the utmost
determination and firmness.
The one indicated in this line having such determination, ones action, in harmony with ones
central position (in the middle), is (was, might, or will be) leading to there being no mistake;
Following the middle way one remains free of error and there will be no blame;
However, the middle is not yet in the light.
JLK: The Great Man (and/or the superior one) is (was, might, will, or should be) sharing what
he has (his "treasures", gifts, and/or talents), without greed or wish for luxury, richness and/or
self-gratification.
It is by being open and receptive, or attaining to be so, that one can (should) receive his rich
blessings.
Not all are conscious (informed, knowledgeable, aware) and/or Great (strong, right, loving)
enough, and/or can be influenced (experienced) enough to achieve this (yet)."
JLK: The Great Man (the ruler, and/or ruling consensus) has to do what is necessary to eliminate evil
(smallness, weakness). One avoids errors, by acting in harmony with ones central position (the
middle).
The way to address what is at the center of the matter at hand is described in the text of the image:
by sharing (ones "treasures", gifts, and/or talents) with those who are "below one". Ones only needs
should be of a "virtuous nature", not being greedy or wishing for "luxury, richness and/or self-
gratification". This may have to be the case in more than one direction, between different parties. It
may concern some sort of heritage.

Alternatively and/or conversely, depending on the context, one may have to share (ones gifts,
"treasures", or talents) with those "below one", but this is (was, might, or will be) somehow impossible
and/or inappropriate. This can be the case if one is not in a strong (and/or superior) position. It is
(was, might, will, or should be) regrettable but may be something one has to resign in.
Conversely, this line may indicate one should question (for what is at the center of the matter at hand)
if what is inferior (bad, small) is (was, might, will, or should be) indeed being removed (uprooted),
and/or if the Great Man (the ruler, and/or ruling consensus) is (was, might, will, or should be) indeed
(and appropriately) sharing his "treasures" (gifts, and/or talents).
One may also have to question if the determination that occurs to remove what is bad (evil), and to
share ones "treasures" will hold (endure). One may be determined, but presently (under the occurring
circumstances) one is not yet "in the light". For that, things have to be completed in a way that is right.
Gathered sources: If ones action be in harmony with ones central position, there will be no mistake
(no error): but ones standing in the due mean is (was, might, or will be) not yet clearly displayed.
What is like weeds (or grass) always grows back again and is difficult to exterminate. So too the
struggle against who (or that which) is inferior (but) in a high (superior) position, demands firm
(persevering) resolution. Here, one has certain relations (or dealings) with what is so, that is why
there is the danger (risk) that one may give up the struggle as (being) hopeless. But this must (and
should) not be. One must (and should) go on resolutely, and not allow oneself to be deflected from
ones course (way, or path). Only in this way does (did, may, and will) one remain free of blame.
This line (and what it represents) is (in the position of) the ruler of this hexagram (and what it
represents). It is this line that must (or should) lead the resolute struggle against what is represented
by the yin line at the top, which represents the inferior one(s) (the weak, small, receptive, passive,
dark, unclear, yielding, or open). But while the nine in the 3rd place is in the relationship of
correspondence to (or dealing with) the six in the 6th place, the nine in the 5th place is in the
relationship of holding together with it. This makes the (occurring) struggle more difficult. But the line
(and what it represents) can be resolute.
This line (and what it represents) is on the one hand the ruler of the hexagram, and moreover ruler in
the most distinguished place. On the other hand it is the top line of the vigorous upper inner trigram
Qian (the light). Furthermore, it is in the middle of the upper trigram. Thus, there is a hope that it will
succeed in remaining consistent.
General comment
The elimination of persistent and insidious evil is depicted here. The analogy is the difficulty of
removing parasite grass, which establishes roots wherever its tentacles touch the ground, as well as
having long and hidden roots in all directions underground.
~ Profile
These persons will be leaders, but in difficult and dangerous positions. They must be indomitable in
spirit and strong of purpose. They must analyze each situation correctly, and then unrelentingly and
persistently pursue the best action possible. If they can do this, following a middle course will help,
and not be wrong. The task is great.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be intelligent, perspicacious and quickwitted. He will follow
the golden mean, and will correct many evils for the benefit of his country. He will improve the morality
of the people, and will curb evil, and evil persons. He will have a rich and rewarding life.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be cowardly and lackadaisical, and will shrink from taking
necessary corrective actions. He will lack determination but will try to compensate by being
stubbornly biased. He will not be easily accessible. He will be unpredictable, subject to flattery and
favors, and will have many difficulties and serious troubles in his life.
Be thorough.
Utmost determination must be used to root out and eliminate adverse influences. With forthrightness
it can be done.
of a decision, an escape, a breakthrough, settling or unsettling) (as) in (for, with) the head (the
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) not heeding warnings (and/or bad omens).
And/or one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) not calling (crying) out (communicating, or
exchanging) when anticipating or encountering problems, and/or has none to call upon, and
therefore one is not receiving help.
In the end, one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) with no helpers (on whom to call,
or who could call out - or signal - helping when a warning, advice or assistance is needed).
At the last moment, without warning (or advice), something is (was, might, or will be) going
wrong. Ones end will (or might) be full of misfortune, which might result in evil.
Also, the nature of the misfortune will only be understood at the end.
Thus, misfortune occurs in the end.
However, the misfortune of not heeding (the) warnings (and/or bad omens), and/or not crying
out (communicating, or exchanging), or having none to call upon, should in the end not be
allowed to persist, and one must settle things appropriately, and in the most practical of
ways."
JLK: Here, one risks being "cast out", or "cut-off" from what is light (superior, strong, active, creative,
right, loving), as symbolized by the fact that this is the only yin line of this hexagram, being at the top,
with 5 strong lines below it and that are removing it (excluding it). It may mean one is at risk of
missing an opportunity to stay with or move towards what is genuinely right and loving. If one
manages to communicate with others, and/or with the Yi Jing (about what is at the center of what
occurs, and/or in order to find help), this may remedy things (to some degree).
Gathered sources: There is (was, might, or will be) the misery of having none on whom to call (or
"none who can be calling-out", or no warning): the end will be that one cannot (or will not be able to)

continue any longer (pursuing ones way, a goal or an endeavor).
Thus one is (was, might, or will) not (be) warned (adequately and in time) about something that can
only be noticed (or known) by someone else than oneself ("at the end"), although reading this, in
itself, can represent (such) a timely warning.
Also, at the last moment something is (was, might, or will be) going wrong due to the fact that one is
(was, might, or will) not (able to be) persisting (enduring, persevering) to the (very) end (and/or not
correctly, not in the right way). Thus, one is (was, might, or will be) unable to succeed (at things).
The particularity of the situation is (was, might, or will be) that here, victory seems (or may seem) to
have been achieved. There remains merely a remnant of the misfortune (and the evil that may have
been its result) and/or opposition, resolutely to be eradicated (destroyed) as the time demands (it).
Everything is (was, might, or will be) looking easy. But just there(-in), however, lies the danger. If one
is not on guard, evil (and the resulting misfortune) will succeed in escaping (ones interception, and/or
attention) by means of concealment (by being "out of the view"), and when it has (or will have) eluded
one, new misfortunes will develop from the remaining seeds, for what is bad, evil, or inferior does not
die easily.
So too in dealing with what is bad, inferior, or evil in ones own character, one must go to work with
thoroughness. If out of carelessness anything were to be overlooked, new badness, inferiority, or evil
would arise from it
This line is the representative of the misfortune and the (resulting) evil that is to be rooted out. The
undertaking requires caution. It appears easy, because there are five strong lines as against one
weak (yin, small, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, yielding, or open) line. But the dark nature of the
present line suggests that it knows how to silence (eliminate) those who would raise the warning.
However, its kind must not be tolerated, otherwise it is to be feared that from the neglected solitary
(lonely) yin line, misfortune, which might result in evil, will sprout forth as from a seed.
As it is indicated by the fact that this is a yin (open) line at the top of the hexagram, it is only at a later
time that the yang (creative) aspect of the present situation will occur (appear, or become clear).
JLK: Heeding the warnings such as obtained through the Yi Jing, the superior one is (was, might, will,
or should be) adapting his plans.
The nature of the problem (for the matter at hand) is further described in the 6th line of hex. 58, the
Ocean (the Exchange, the Joy and Sadness), and has to do with gratifying the senses in inferior ways
- which, although it has its place, should not let one be taken off-guard, and/or limit ones capabilities
(and/or resources). One should call out (exchange), and anticipate that there are (or will be) problems
as of yet unknown, that should be avoided.
Under the occurring circumstances, one can't know in advance what will be the problem. This is due
to the fact that a certain "connection", and/or familiarity with the matter at hand, is missing.
By using the help of what is light (creative, strong, right, male) this can help avert difficulties.
~ Profile
Line 6 receives no support, either from line 3 or line 5, so this person is alone. He has arrived at a
high place through his own hard effort, and feels himself superior to others, not hesitating to show it in
many ways. This becomes damaging to his long term development.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will attain wealth and status, but will develop arrogance with it.
He will tend to abuse his power by taking advantage of others and harming those with lesser power.
He will receive constant sniping at his wealth, and will not find happiness.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be extremely jealous, with an acrid disposition. He will
have few friends, if any. Misfortunes of one sort or another will be associated with all his efforts.
Never lose the support from others.
If you find yourself isolated you have overstepped the mark. Re-assess and redirect your efforts at
once.

Hexagram 44, Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching Relationship)
- Gou (Kou)
The theme of this hexagram is encountering someone (or something) small and/or inferior, and the
influence that person (or thing) can have on one. Special consideration is given to how to stay in
control of the encounter.
The Image says:
"the encountering; the contact; the approaching relationship; coming to meet; to meet;
the coupling; keeping or loosing control; controlling the encounter, or loosing control over it;
the encounter with what is creative, confusing, beautiful and seductive;
to be controlled by what is small, but seductive, or controlling this;
the guardian awake or asleep; to be on ones guards; paying attention:
Under the Heaven the wind blows.

The energies of Heaven and the wind do not mingle, nor cooperate, but do shape destiny.
This is like one who is acting and giving orders in the capacity of not being aware, or
conscious, of what is (the) essential, due to losing the control to what is small, but seductive.
The superior one must be on guard, such as to not befall to what seems seductive, and easy
(coming towards one), but which is lacking Greatness.
The Great Man on the other hand, will succeed in having his orders be carried out, and in
having his will being materialized and understood, in every corner of the Universe.
He knows that it is the truth and righteousness of his decision, that will determine the ease or
difficulty to expect when executing it."
JLK: Hex. 44, Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching Relationship), shows the image of the
wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the
justice system, banners, the experience) reaching out to the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great,
strong, right, male, loving). This is like plants and trees growing upwards, in the direction of the sun
(projecting light). Heaven and vegetation never actually meet (touch). This is like Heaven keeping
what is small at a safe distance (below). As much and as high as plants and trees can grow, they
never actually reach the sky, but can only receive the sun's light (and its creative, activating
properties) by integrating it into itself (and/or processing it), in the way of photosynthesis. This is like
an encounter between two forces, where one party stays in control over the other, and where the
other makes the best of things (in a gentle way).
The circumstances and conditions of encountering (contact, an approaching relationship), is one of

(or is closely related to a context of) a measure of strength. What strength is, is described by the inner
hex. 1, the Light (the Creative, the Active).
Gathered sources: In this constellation the wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the
softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) carries
(supports), while (dis-) organizing (confusing, dispersing, or spreading) (what is) the light and creative
(Heaven, the active, Great, strong, right, male, loving). Nevertheless, the upward motion of Heaven is

more powerful than that of the wind. The unifying and meeting of their energies is fatally misdisposed
(or confusing), but may nevertheless be stirring things up.
This indicates structural, organic, legislative or organized creativity, activity, or strength which is at risk
of being misdisposed, incorrect, incoherent, confusing or misleading, but which influences destiny.
It shows a situation where extraordinary primal energies may be encountering.
JLK: To act in accordance with the time, it is best to meet, to couple, while considering and seeing
through everything by the connection of objective forces, and while being apprehensive of where one
might lose ones control over things, by seeing (understanding) to what point a "meeting" should
prevail, and where (and why) it ought not to occur.
While the lack of cooperation between Heaven (upper trigram) and wind (lower trigram) may lead to
an abnormal (disturbing, confusing, chaotic) situation, this hexagram also shows how the wood
reaches upward for Heaven, and the nourishment it provides (such as through photosynthesis). Trees
and plants grow (up) towards the light.
While according to the 5-elements cycle Heaven (metal) "breaks" the wood, the wood needs the
metal to grow and evolve (such as found in the minerals obtained through the earth below, and
through photosynthesis obtained by interacting with the light from the sun above), if not being
destroyed by it altogether. Thus, regardless of the abnormal situation, the circumstances described by
this hexagram indicate growth of some nature. The strong lines will indicate if such growth is
stimulated, or notably absent (lost, or destroyed).
Depending on the context, this hexagram may also point to how one can befall to (blind) ambition that
is seductive, yet lacking Greatness. A superior one should stay in control of such ambitions, and give
preference to what is superior.

The Judgment says:
"Encountering, contact, an approaching relationship, coming to meet, meeting, coupling,

keeping or loosing control, controlling the encounter, or loosing control over it, an encounter
with what is creative, confusing, beautiful and seductive, to be controlled by what is small, but
seductive, or controlling this, a guardian awake or asleep, being on ones guards when
encountering, paying attention:
Learning about (understanding) what these conditions and circumstances entail (cause,
effectuate, and affect) will lead to success.
The woman (that which is small, receptive, weak, and/or evil) is (was, might, or will be)
powerful.
There is (was, might, or will be) no use in marrying (associating with) a woman like this.
For one who is Great (strong, light, creative, active, male, good), there is (was, might, or will
be) no use in marrying (beginning a long-term relation, and/or endeavor) with what is (was,
might, or will be) as small (weak, dark, receptive, passive, female, unclear, vulgar, open, or
evil) as this (what is at the center of what is occurring).
JLK: The encountering stimulates growth. This is in accordance with the laws of Heaven and
nature (the Universe).
If such growth is (was, might, or will be) occurring, and if this is of the favorable (righteous,
light, good, strong) kind, then this will be advantageous and bring various forms of prosperity,
albeit possibly in confusing ways.
If not, this means one is (was, might, or will be) giving in to what is inferior; There is no use for
that."
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, one is interacting with a woman (the female,
the receptive, the weak, the small, the bad) who is (was, might, or will be) powerful. It is (was, might,
or will be) not useful to let the situation be dictated by her dark (or vulgar) desires. Meeting, and
encountering can not be avoided, but one should not be associated for a long time and/or to a great
degree. The fact that it is (was, might, or will) not (be) good to marry (start a long-term association),
indicates that such a bond, or relation, under the occurring circumstances is (was, might, or will) not
(be) right, or risks to be leading to abuse (weakness, or evil), because someone is (was, or will) not
(be) respecting the best interest of all.
Thus, this may depict something, and/or a person (or persons) which/who is (or are) like a woman
who is (was, might, or will be) bold and strong. It will not bring any advantage to "marry" (or allow for
another receptive set of circumstances), unless the man (the other) wishes to be dominated, with no
consideration for his (or ones) best interest.
This means one should not go on (or pursue a long-term relation) with one who (or that which) does
not (spontaneously) serve, or wishes to consider, the best interest (of the country, oneself, or the
others), or with one who (or that which) is not to be trusted, and is lying (or cheating), or who will
impose a limit to ones creativity (love, strength, or activity) that is (was, might, or will be) unnecessary
(unfair, restrictive, or destructive).
On the other hand, it may be that one is (was, might, or will be) already encountering, thus one can
not avoid meeting up to a certain degree.
A female (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) comes to meet the male (the light,
Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, loving), and succeeds to dominate because the
male stays distant from the situation, like a (detached) guest. This way the yin element (the female,
the darkness) gains power, because she is allowed to. This occurs because (here) the noble person
does not consider what looks small (dark, earthy, receptive, vulgar) and of a female nature to be
(really) dangerous.

The way of bad and evil people (the weak, dark, small or unclear) imposes itself, because their power
and influence is not (adequately) restricted by the noble (or superior) person. Thus, bad and evil
people always get their opportunity by a happy coincidence.
Then, it may seem one has been mislead, where in reality one has not correctly, from the beginning,
chosen for what is right (or may not have had the opportunity to do so, due to difficulties, or
ignorance, which may be coming from a lack of vigilance, and/or other circumstances). It is (was,
might, or will be) best to stay calm, and under control.
Nevertheless, under the constellation of hex. 44, Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching
Relationship), there can occur extraordinary circumstances and powers at work when Heaven and
earth encounter, when they come to meet with each other; Although as a rule what is small and weak
should not come before what is Great and strong.
When Heaven and earth meet, all beings (will) become prosperous. When the prince and his minister
get to meet together (with understanding), order comes back into the world (into "reality").
JLK: Thus, conversely, if one encounters (who is like) a woman who is not trying to impose her will
(desires, and/or inferior temptations), and who shows adhering to what is superior (following,
conforming), then the encounter will be favorable, and it will be appropriate to consider entering into a
long-term relationship (marriage). Still, women (or those who are, or that which is like this, the small,
weak, receptive, bad) tend(s) to be very capable and astute in hiding their (its) actual intentions, and
they (it) can change their (its) ways, therefore one must do due diligence in assessing the situation,
and a man (or those who are, or that which is like this, the Great, strong, active) must carefully
assess to what extent he (it) is to invest himself (itself). One should not be (excessively) rigid, nor stiff.
Commentary
A double symbolism is contained in this hexagram. The first is given by the Yin line, which is bold and
strong, and has entered at the bottom of the otherwise all Yang hexagram. Such a maiden consorting
with five men, is not the type one should marry.
The other symbolism is given by the trigram Sun, the wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and
occurring below Qian, the light (Heaven, the creative, active, Great, strong, right, male, loving).
Heavenly matters are thus made known and their influence is felt everywhere. Conversely, whatever
things are happening on earth will be known by those above.
The controlling lines determine the nature of the meetings and relationships, for all those affected by
them. In the adverse lines, inferior individuals are trying to rise primarily, while in the auspicious lines
Great personages are exercising commendable leadership.
~ Profile

Lines
"JLK: Encountering (an approaching relationship, coupling, keeping or loosing control,

paying attention) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for,
with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor), and/or in the
way of (and/or when) moving (advancing, in the way of doing things).
Halt the movement; Feed up.

The movement must be brought under control, and one has to be well nourished.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will or should be) bound to (and/or restrained by) metal
chocks (brakes, restraint);
One has to halt and control the movement as with brakes, that are (as) made of metal (bronze,
or other).
What moves is creative, thus something creative has to be protected, kept under control, or
halted, by what is organic, or organized.
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and divination brings good fortune.

Moving in any way (or having a place to go to) will bring (or make one encounter) misfortune
(although it may not be certain that one will notice much of it).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a skinny, young pig, that is continuously
moving into all kinds of directions.
An undernourished pig that will entangle itself, can be trusted to falter and limp.
If one lets it go (by itself), this will surely bring misfortune.
A small pig, albeit small, still has the true nature of a pig!
Even the anger of a small pig can still be (-come) destructive.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) not befalling to what is (excessively)
small (weak, inferior, empty, evil), especially when at the beginning of things (at the feet,
and/or in the way of moving)."
JLK: Here, one has to stop with any movement that is causing smallness (evil, and/or weakness), and
regather ones (own) forces. If one stops and feeds up, this is good and misfortune will be averted. If
instead, one moves on, there will be misfortune.
Gathering ones forces may have to occur in any domain that is necessary under the occurring
circumstances, it be nutritional, conditional, material, financial, know-how wise, experience wise,
affectionate wise, etc.
Gathered sources: This indicates that something is (was, might, will, or should be) halted. This may
mean that one is (was, might, or will be) having to drag (or "tow") along something that is weak
(undernourished, or feeble) or that one will have to feed (it) up.
Chocks are brakes, meant to stop a vehicle when it is moving. They are depicted by the lower trigram
of the hexagram: the wood, the wind, the organism, the structure.
As such, the brakes or chocks are made out of one piece, one organism, one structure, that operates
by penetrating repeatedly, softly, but gradually.
In this case, the organism that can keep something that moves (and creates) under control, is holding

something in place. It is said that if one stays in one place, analyzing what the divination - looking
ahead of events by any means available, like the Yi Jing - will give, there will be fortune.
Having a place to go to, or having something to do, at this time, will change ones original, and
therefore naturally protecting and safety ensuring dispositions. Therefore, to have a place to go to
now (under the occurring circumstances), or having something specific to do, will bring misfortune,
because moving will end up being difficult, like the moving of a pig, when stuck and trapped in a net.
In the other case, the situation does not concern oneself, but somebody or something else that is not
to be left alone, or go out by itself, if a worsening of the situation is to be avoided.
If an inferior element has "wormed" its way in, it must be energetically checked (or cleared) at once.
Here, constantly checking, and anticipating, will make one avoid bad effects, or misfortune. If things
are allowed to take their course, misfortune is bound to result.
If one lets things go by itself, this will bring misfortune. Therefore, "the little pig" should not go out, and
walk by itself, without having been exposed fully to what is "like light" (being clarified, or purified).
Thus, something small becomes (or should be) protected by what is indicated by the lower trigram,
the wood, which also stands for something organic, or organized, like the organism, the organization,
the word, the Yi Jing, a communication network (like that of the telephone system, or the (computer )
internet), the justice system, etc...
Even when things don't look very harmful, they should not be left unattended, or be taken lightly.
As long as the pig is young and skinny, it will not be able to destroy much. But when it has grown
enough, its true nature will come out if not restrained in time.
Only move when it will be (most obviously) appropriate to do so.
General comment
When inferiors or evil forces try to enter, they must be held in check properly through the pursuit of
righteous courses. This keeps everyone and everything in their right places, and brings good fortune.
The evil or inferior man, given an inch will take an ell, and will be dangerous like a lean pig. If
permitted, his actions will not be in keeping with the customs, and he will go around fighting and
scraping for advantage or gain. Strong persons must be in control.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will try to do what is right but will have insufficient talent and
strength to accomplish anything truly great. However, he will provide for himself and his family
adequately.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will possess very little talent or experience, and limited
abilities. He will tend to act rashly or recklessly in his efforts to succeed, but this will only produce
more difficulties.
Curb evil at its inception.
Something wrong and evil is trying to enter your life. Check and correct the situation immediately.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) encountering (an approaching
relationship, coupling, keeping or loosing control, paying attention) (as) in (for, at, with) the
calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Encountering (an approaching relationship, coupling, keeping or loosing control, paying

attention) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the
consensus).
will be advantage.
There is (was, might, or will be) a fish on the plate.

It is a duty not to let it reach the guest(s) (visitor, stranger, and/or the other).
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) without profit to the visitors (the strangers, and/or the
others).
No mistake; No error, and therefore no blame."
JLK: The image connected to this line is that of "a fish on the plate", which is being like "dead" or
"cold" meat, thus indicating an inferior, potentially dangerous, destabilizing and/or (otherwise)
inappropriate element or organism that should be kept under control. Under the presently occurring
circumstances it should not touch, or be touched by the ones one loves or respects, nor by visitors
(guests, or strangers). If appropriate and if the "fish" is not poisonous (corrupting), It can be enjoyed
by oneself, but not for too long (or too much).
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may hold the warning that others might have different views
on what is suitable nourishment. Some people delight in fish, others hate it. This may be a time to be
particularly aware of differences in culture, nature, character, circumstances, and/or purpose, and that
not everyone appreciates the same things (such as what is presently "lying on the plate").
Gathered sources: This may indicate (a period of) help and promotion, but asks for a critical attitude
concerning the content, or the quality (norm) of what occurs.
General comment
The "fish on the plate" represents line 1, which this line, being immediately above it and one of the
rulers of this hexagram, has to hold in check and repel so that it does not mingle with "the guests", the
remaining four lines above.
~ Profile
Individuals of strong character, capable of controlling difficult situations, are depicted here. These
persons can be found in nearly all walks of life, and they will be protectors of good government and
good ethics.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be greatly talented, experienced, open-minded, open-
hearted and benign, with a deep love of people and a willingness to cooperate. He will automatically
attract people and be helped by them, and he will have a favorable life.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will become a rich person by the wrong means, and will be
niggardly, miserly, narrow-minded and obstinate. He will not like people, and will try to make gains at
the expense of others. He will not have an enjoyable life.
Check and control evil whenever and wherever found.
You are close to evil influences. Do not let them infect you.
relationship, coupling, keeping or loosing control, paying attention) (as) in (at, for, with) the
There is (was, might, or will be) no skin (protective layer) left after having been given (what is
as) a beating as with a whip (and/or by words, the legal system, through organizing), and/or
after living through (what is like) an ordeal (trial).
One walks haltingly, slowly and with difficulties.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) allowing the encounter (contact,
and/or an approaching relationship) in a superior (strong, active, creative, right, loving) way,
while making sure there will be no abuse and/or excess (in either way).
If one is mindful of the danger (perils, or difficulties), then there is no Great mistake;
Not a Great error."
JLK: The beating mentioned in this line is not necessarily occurring because of a punishment, and is
not necessarily deserved (different to what is mentioned in some other Yi Jing commentaries). It might
occur in a (very real) physical way, and/or in a non-physical way, depending on the context of the
matter at hand. It may also involve self-inflicted wounds (as a consequence of non-physical wounds
and/or difficulties).
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will, can, or should be) given a beating, which will leave one
as "with no real skin on the buttocks".
JLK: One may then see (and understand) that it (the matter at hand) can make one walk (act, go on)
with less power and ability (or reliability). It causes one to have to halt periodically, when one is
moving, or when one has to be. There is (was, might, will, or can be) danger (or difficulties).
"Not a Great error..." indicates that an error is (was, might, will, or can be) made anyhow. The error is
literally "not Great", meaning that a fairly small, and common or "natural" error is made.

The "whip" that causes one to walk with less power, is of an organic, structured, social or legislative
nature, as related to the characteristics of the wind, the wood, and the word.
The whip (symbolically) further depicts all wood related occurrences: the wind, the soft and
penetrating, the organizing, the society, the justice system, the vessel, the nervous system, the string,
the network, etc...
Gathered sources: There occurs the danger (causing perils, and difficulties) of one being influenced
by weak, or inferior elements, but if one is mindful, something might prevent (more of) this
(happening).
The fact that one walks (moves, or progresses) with difficulty, or that one may not be able to use ones
own legs (ways, limbs, or tools) properly or correctly, shows that one may not be able to do without
help (from others), or that one feels the urge to be looking for such.
Thus, this line (generally) indicates misfortune, although quiet (unruffled) personalities, with a
peaceful lifestyle might find (some) advantage (as, for instance, the appearance of this line might be
confirming ones inquiry in a profitable, or advantageous way).
~ Profile
This image refers to what would happen if this line (the third line is normally unfavorable, as it is here)
were to try to meet half way, and have a relationship with, line 1. Line 3 does not here receive help
from line 6, which normally does assist it, so the position of this person is dangerous.
Since he decides to strive upwards he will fare reasonably well and make no great mistakes, even
though, for the most part, he must work alone. This will develop a toughness of character which will
be both a blessing, keeping him on the right path, and a handicap when dealing with others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will not be sufficiently skilled or gifted to accomplish anything
truly great, but he will attain enough affluence to keep his household and have a good family life. His
later years will be more fruitful than his earlier life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will work and strive in solitude, and receive no assistance.
He will face many hardships, including illnesses. His feet may give particular trouble.
Being a loner is erroneous.
Are you fully qualified to cope with the situation facing you? Get help if necessary.

4
relationship, coupling, keeping or loosing control, paying attention) (as) in (for, with) the heart
Encountering (an approaching relationship, coupling, keeping or loosing control, paying

attention) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with, through)
There is (was, might, or will be) no fish on the plate (in the fish-trap, or container).
Nor is (was, might, or will) there (be) any other fresh fish left.
Undertaking something is (was, might, or will be) leading to misfortune, and leads away from
the experience of true meaningfulness and/or the real reasons.
To attack (start an endeavor, or pursuit) now, would be bad.
The misfortune resulting in there being no fish on the plate occurs because of (some-) one
having kept out of contact with (being distant, or aloof from) the people (the crowds, the
others, those below, or the incalculable).
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) averting infertility, and learning about
the ways to realize this.
He is (was, might, will, or should be) naturally finding the right way to new life, by following
the principle(s) of what is light and above (superior), while avoiding the turbulence (of life)."
JLK: The occurring situation is ominous and, if left as such, will not bring anything that is nourishing
(and/or life-sustaining) if one continues in the same direction. In order to resolve things appropriately,
one must be courteous and easy to communicate with. If still possible, one must interact
(communicate) in a way that will allow for fertility, while at the same time avoiding unnecessary
"turbulence".
There is (was, will or might be) no fish on the plate, nor swimming in the fish-trap, fishpond, fishbowl,
or other location where fresh or live fish could be kept. Thus, no fresh fish is (was, will or might be)
served, nor can it be. It means there is nothing that can be used for nourishment.
In ancient China, willow-wand fish-traps were placed in the river, and were used to divine marriage
omens. If a fish was captured in a trap, then this would indicate good luck. If not, this would be an
ominous (bad) sign.
All these indicate that under the occurring circumstances, this is (or could become) a time of infertility.
If one is not engaged in (some form of) an attack (violence), then there is no problem. If instead, one
is engaged in (the beginning of) an attack (violence, or some form of conflict), then there will be
misfortune.
The occurring circumstances are further described in line 4 of hex. 1, the Light (the Creative, the
Active), which shows how one "dances" and/or jumps over vortexes of turbulence (occurring in the
deep of the river), thus avoiding (and/or "magically" protecting against) their disturbing influences.
In a general way, this line may hold the advice to avoid infertility and/or an infertile situation.
This line may also hold the warning not to be led away from "the experience of true meaningfulness
and/or the real reasons", and/or may point to the fact one should (gently and moderately) look deeper

into things to unveil their true meaning and/or the true reason(s) why they occur, so that fertility can
be found and/or restored. Still, even doing this, there's the danger of never reaching the end (a
conclusion) of things, which is also something which one has to reckon with, and to which one must
adapt appropriately.
Gathered sources: This may indicate a situation where one is (was, will or might be) distancing
oneself from others, or not having contact. For the superior one, the reasons for this to be happening
are probably right. It may be a matter of saving his life-force, as the situation itself offers nothing
nourishing.
There is no profit in undertaking something now, as it will lead away from "the experience of
meaning".
The fish indicates blessings from Heaven, abundance, life, nourishment, inspiration. Here, there is
none left.
Thus, this line may indicate a person (or group of people) that is (was, will or might be) seduced by
something or somebody inferior, (or in an inferior way), after which this inferior element deserts
(withdraws), and leaves (the one who has been seduced), with no "fish" (nothing nourishing) being
left.
This may hold the warning that who looks at others as inferior, should actually try to tolerate and
understand them, or (if this is the best option that seems left) completely ignore them, if only to avoid
that one will be taken, attacked, abused or betrayed by surprise, or be like (total) strangers and/or
enemies to each other.
Thus one should patiently tolerate (and/or not get involved at all with) those who are (or that which is)
small (weak, dark, petty), so that they (it) will have a positive and cooperative attitude (as much as
possible), when times will ask for it. If one is not ready to be outgoing and/or tolerant towards the
other, sooner or later, the other will turn his or her back and/or react badly (in other ways). For this,
one will have to thank oneself only.
This means that in some cases one has to be outgoing towards the other (mostly to gain adherence,
and not in order to fulfill a goal), in other cases one has to merely tolerate the other without any
intervention, depending on how nourishing things are and will be.
This line may also point to adversity, and gossip.
The Riddle:
"Just "spit" on it! Might bring luck to ones considering of things with true sincerity.
General comment
The "fish on the plate" is line 1, which correlates with line 2 and hence is not available to this line, its
normal partner, thus "no fish". The world is designed on a basis of interdependence, mutual support
and service, so if one remains alone, as line 4 does here, misfortune will eventually result.
~ Profile
These persons are somewhat more auspicious than those of line 3, but not a great deal more, even
though the possibility of rising higher is present.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be an individual of noble character, but will not have a
position or substantial base from which to operate. People will not be naturally attracted to him, and
he will not have followers. He will, however, have a gift of timing and an intuitiveness, which will keep
him from having great difficulties. He will have modest means, but not a particularly happy
life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will not receive cooperation, and so will not have the benefits
that come from associations with good friends and able peers. He will have a generally unhappy life.
Friends are necessities.
No man is an island. Cooperate with others and solicit their support.
relationship, coupling, keeping or loosing control, paying attention) (as) in (for, with) the

advantage.
Like a willow tree enveloping the fruits (big as melons), a contained elegance can, and will fall
spontaneously from Heaven.
Just like the pains enveloping the good things of live, Heaven can spontaneously bestow an
elegant gift.
Likewise, if one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) keeping ones (its) brilliant qualities
concealed (or restrained), a good issue will descend as from Heaven."
JLK: Here, under the occurring circumstances, there is (was, might, will, or should be) (what is like) a
"ripe fruit hidden amongst the leaves", which sooner or later is (was, might, will, or should be) falling
spontaneously (as) from Heaven.
Alternatively, conversely, and/or additionally, since this is the time of the small encountering (meeting)
what is Great, the image of a "ripe fruit hidden amongst the leaves" may illustrate how the one (or
those) at the center of the matter at hand is (are) hiding and/or retaining (holding back) what is like a
ripe fruit (and already available) from the other(s), thereby not sharing and/or giving away what is
sweet and nutritious, such as generosity and kindness are to human relations, and that could easily
be shared and/or given away. This happens because one is hoping some good issue will fall from
Heaven, hoping on more (disproportionate) gain (profit, and/or advantage) for oneself (an egotistical
motive), and/or due to avarice (a miserly view on life and/or human interaction). In that case there is
no advantage (gain, or profit) for anyone involved.
One has to determine who and/or what is symbolized by the ripe fruit, and who and/or what is

bestowing it, or on the contrary withholding it, as well as who or what is (like) the man (great, good),
and who or what is (like) the woman (small, bad). The endlessness of the image may mean that these
are occurring in more than one way, in both directions (i.e. one party giving to or withholding from the
other, and vice versa).
Gathered sources: The melon (the gourd, or ripe fruit) depicts something seductive, that might putrefy
(be damaged, or otherwise harmed) easily, but which is protected as by the leaves of a tree. This may
indicate qualities that are thus (as) concealed (hidden, enveloped, and/or protected) by (the leaves of)
"a willow tree".
"One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) keeping ones (its) brilliant qualities concealed": as
indicated by ones central and correct position.
The good issue descends as from Heaven: ones aim does not neglect the ordinances, and will of
Heaven.
The melon depicts (like the fish in the previous lines) something nutritive of a dark and receptive
nature. Here, it is sweet, but may rot or putrefy easily; Or its seductiveness will not allow it to ripe, due
to another finding, or "harvesting" it before the right moment. This is why the melon is contained or
enveloped by protective leaves; Or hidden from the sight, protected against bypassers, like feeding
birds, or insects.
The (leaves of the) willow tree enveloping the melon indicates the melon is enveloped and to be
found at, or to be falling (as) from, a high location, like from high out of a willow tree.
Likewise, this can depict a situation where a strong individual, at a high position, firm and self-
contained, is patiently protecting what is inferior and put into his or her trust, without making an
explicit display of this virtuous behavior (of his actions). The characteristics of this individual are
depicted by the upper trigram: the light, indicating the creative, strong, full of love, and beautiful,
flexible and orderly. Nevertheless, he or she never lets his virtues be known, and never brags about it.
The individual lets what he has been entrusted with behave at free will, trusting fully in the power to
transform, by what is strong and pure.
Thus, this may indicate (a time of) help, and recognition, or protection and "concealment".
This may also mean (with a slightly different way of putting things) that one keeps concealed "the
brilliant (enlightening or exhausting) qualities" of what occurs, as with "the leaves of a tree", so that
which comes from Heaven can fall freely, and spontaneously.
"Hidden splendor", may also indicate "hidden creativeness": hidden writings, essays, music, or art.
~ Profile
This line refers to the kind of person who quietly and unassumingly goes about his business, and at
the same time is always improving himself. No one pays particular attention to such persons, and, in
general, they are not well known, until suddenly the time is propitious and they reap their reward as if
it came from Heaven.
These persons reflect great wisdom and common sense, since their rising in this unobtrusive manner
creates no opposition or enemies. This is very beneficial.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be very wise and open-minded. He will love people and be
able to treat all, the good and the bad alike, impartially. He will be an exceptional speaker and writer,
by the means of which, with his learning and innate intelligence, he will gain fame and fortune.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be diligent in learning as well as being practical, with
a love of people, but he will not rise as high nor gain as much as the most auspicious.
Quiet development is most propitious.
When what one wills is consonant with the will of Heaven, it will come to one like a ripe fruit dropping
from a tree.
relationship, coupling, keeping or loosing control, paying attention) (as) in (for, with) the head
There occurs an encounter, but one is (was, might, or will be) pointing downwards with the
horns (like a wild bull attacking).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) "scratching" (moving with roughness, or abusive
strength over, or against a surface) with ones "horns".
At the top (of the ruling hierarchy) it is (was, might, or will be) coming to an end;
Things are (were, might, or will be) coming to an end there (or in that way).
Some humiliation and regrets, but no mistake; No error; No blame.
JLK: If one finds the middle way, acting in accordance with the laws of Heaven (the light, the
creative, the strong), what error could there be?"
Gathered sources: There is (was, might, or will be) some humiliation, and there are (were, might, or
will be) regrets due to the fact that ones moving, or (what is like) "scratching" (of walls, or surfaces) is
(was, might, or will be) making one use all ones strength, leading to exhaustion.
This may depict a situation where someone has been taking distance of what will bring misfortune, or
inferior and evil elements, but who has been behaving brutish or rash, and possibly needlessly
aggressive at doing so (attacking like a "wild bull"). Therefore the individual is not respected, and is
even loathed. This calls for contemplating, and observing (gaining insight on) the necessity to behave
in a dignified manner.
JLK: The situation might also occur in it opposite form, where one is needlessly evasive
(unconcerned, distant, escapist, and/or superficial) to deal with the occurring misfortune. This too
ends up being needlessly aggressive (as a result of arrogance - see line 6 of hex. 1, the Light (the
Creative), because it is (a form of) violence through exclusion (lack of acknowledgment of the others,
and/or of the circumstances), which will in its turn, ultimately, provoke violence and more misfortune.
Thus, an advice that could be taken from this line is that when dealing with others (or things), one
should neither be "penetrating (too) violently", nor be "too distant". I.e. one should (definitely) make an

effort to "penetrate" (fill, be active, creative), but only when and where appropriate.
Gathered sources: This line indicates a time of difficulties (and danger) but also of Great
consequence, in which one carries Great responsibilities.
JLK: The occurring situation may also be associated with the image of the bull at a bullfight, at a
"corrida". The bull "only" (according to protocol) gets the sword because he gets too angry, and out of
control, aiming mindlessly, and with loosing dignity at what looks to be "alive": the "bandero" (the
cape, which is always hiding the fatal sword of the torero).
The advice that can be taken from this is that the best thing one can do is to remain calm, dignified,
serene, and not pursue explicit use of force.
~ Profile
These persons are inclined to be impractical and reject the world. They fail to realize that there is a
right place for everything, and will tend to withdraw from what they consider to be worldly matters.
When such matters encroach on them they will try to guard themselves as if meeting them with horn.
For these persons such conduct brings few regrets and results in no great error. Regrettably, they will
be of little benefit to others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be lofty and upright, and have a strong personality. His
thoughts, actions and advice will be more moral than practical, and evil persons will strive to harm
him. His life will be unstable, but adequate financially.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be strong-minded, indomitable, and unreasonable, and
for the most part will disregard other people’s rights and feelings. Will tend to arouse ill will through his
dislike of people. He will be very busy, but to no great avail. Will have many hardships.
Too much good can be harmful if not properly protected.
Do not adopt a "holier than thou" attitude. If you do, it will be injurious.

Hexagram 45, the Gathering Together (Collecting, Conforming)
- Cui (Ts’ui)
The theme of this hexagram is the gathering and/or collecting, and subsequent (or implicit)
conforming that is associated with this, like that of an ocean gathering water as well as creatures and
various organisms that all somehow end up conforming to each other, or not. This can also be like a
person, or group of individuals gathering and/or being formed into a collective, and/or the collecting or
gathering of things (material and/or immaterial), as can occur naturally for beings or various
occurrences, and in the Universe in general.
A property of what is gathered in the ocean is that all ends up conforming (and/or reacting) to, and/or
exchanging with each other, in one way or another, if one wishes it or not.
The Image says:
"the gathering (together); the collecting and gathering; the assembling; to assemble;
conforming; adaptation; putting things together; "to follow you" (French: "te suit"):
The ocean lying on the earth.

The ocean (is) at the capacity to be bursting beyond its already existing boundaries, due to the
accumulating of what is small (dark, vulgar, earthy, unclear or female).
This is the image of the gathering, the assembling.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) renewing (checking, and/or improving the
condition of) his arms (tools, or ways to defend himself) to meet what is unknown, Ultimate,
and incalculable.
The Great Man will have his arms (ways to fight and/or defend) in good order (strong, reliable,
available), and/or gather new ones."
JLK: Hex. 45, the Gathering Together (Collecting, Conforming), shows the image of a massive ocean
(joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility,
wetness, swamps) lying (resting) on (above) the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open,
female, dark). The ocean shows the gathering (conforming, and/or adaptation) of an abundance of
resources (wealth, exchange, joy and sadness, fertility, refinement, decadence, wetness) that
nourishes the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark).
Gathering together (collecting, conforming) naturally leads to abundance, which means there will be
an abundance of opportunities for things to turn good or bad. Results will only be good if one lives a
highly virtuous lifestyle, as described by inner hex. 53, the Gradual Development (Gradual Progress,
Progressing into a Whole).
Gathered sources: This hexagram, Cui (Ts'ui), is about gathering together; Happy and with joy. The
fertility, wetness, swamps) is high (moving upwards), the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak,
open, female, dark) is low (moving downwards).

This is also the image of (what is like) an ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive
fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) lying on the earth (the
receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark), which is nourished by the ocean's resources.
The 5th (and strong) line is in the central position (of the upper trigram), followed by the other lines,
thus, depicting the gathering together (and the union that results from this).
The "gathering" operates like: "assembling and disassembling, gathering together around a center (or
central idea) creating a collection (collective wealth, and/or a collective)."
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) renewing, and taking care of his arms, in order to
to be prepared for difficulties that can not be expected at this time (it is good to anticipate problems
that are not yet (appearing to be) there.
The picking up, or checking (maintaining) of ones arms (or "safety-tools", or measure), shows (and
indicates) the necessity to be apprehensive (on the alert) as to what will be happening (what will
come), but which can not yet be anticipated (correctly).
This hexagram is related in form and meaning to hex. 8, the Solidarity (the Supportive Association,
Unifying Support). In the latter, water is over the earth, here an ocean is over the earth. But since the
ocean is a place where water collects, the idea of gathering together is even more strongly expressed
here than in the other hexagram. The same idea also arises from the fact that in the present case it
are two strong lines (the 4th and the 5th) that bring about the gathering together, whereas in the
former case one strong line (the 5th) stands in the midst of weak lines.
JLK: The two strong yang lines (in the fourth and fifth position) symbolize the joining of forces, starting
from the heart or the core (symbolized by the yang line in the fourth position). Thus, in the context of
this hexagram, gathering means joining, grouping and/or assembling, based on certain (strength,
and/or creative) qualities or characteristics, that will have an impact or influence on ones emotions,
trust, and reliability, and/or the direction(s) related to these that occur.
A consequence of gathering and joining people and/or things in one group (union, or unit) is that they
are led (supposed, and/or meant) to conform to each other, to a certain degree. This may occur even
before the gathering and joining, as it may be a precondition for it. If someone or something can not
adhere in a way that conforms to the rest of the whole, it can not be joined, i.e. gathered in the same
union.
Therefore, this hexagram may point out that conformism is (was, might, will, or should be) an issue
for the matter at hand. Under the occurring circumstances, the conformism may be appropriate and
required (leading to strong adherence and coherence), or it might be be excessive (leading to
stagnation and lack of creativity and renewal), and/or it may be otherwise inappropriate (and/or
dangerous).
One may have to ask the following question: are things conforming adequately, enough or too much?
Is there adequate renewal and creativity, or is it lacking, as a consequence of the gathering that
occurs, and/or due to stagnation it may cause? Is the gathering (joining, grouping and/or assembling)
right or wrong? Are those who are at the center of the matter at hand locked in a (conforming)
"comfort-zone", or do they get out of it when appropriate and/or necessary? Are things appropriate
from the perspective of "gathering" (conforming), or not?

The Judgment says:
"Gathering together, collecting, assembling, conforming, putting things together:
Offering a big or beautiful sacrifice in accordance with the circumstances and conditions
these describe will bring good fortune and success.
What is Great is (was, might, or will be) drawing near to the place of worshiping
This is like the King drawing near to the ancestral temple, and/or repairing (improving) it.
It is advantageous to see (and/or consult) the Great man (the accomplished one, or that which
is superior) about the sacrifice, or the occasion.
This will bring progress, and success, with time.
There is profit (fortune, or advantage) in firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the
divination.
It is advantageous to have a place to go to (to have a goal, or to take action).

In whatever direction movement is made, it will be advantageous."
Gathered sources: Gathering together, assembling that which occurs into one unity, requires a
collective moral force, together with a strong leadership.
With unity the time is right for Great deeds. If there is no unity, how can one achieve anything that will
last, or be (wholesomely) complete?
The King, or the superior one, goes to the temple to fulfill his duties as a worthy son (of his ancestors)
and to devote himself to the general well-being.
It is advantageous to see, or visit the Great man, and/or learn from his ways. It is implicated by the
gathering together combined with the aims at improving the general well-being, to arrange (or
improve) order in matters.
The beautiful sacrifice, and the advantage of having (or moving towards) a goal, indicate that ones
actions will correspond with the will of Heaven.
By analyzing and contemplating what and how Heaven (the ruling principle) and earth (what follows)
give and take away, one will come to understand the deeper reality of things between them. Likewise,
by observing what (some-) one (or something) will give, or take, one understands the deeper nature
of one (or things).
Commentary
The gathering together is symbolized by the two trigrams forming the hexagram, i.e. the ocean (joy
wetness, swamps) over (above) the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark).
Water gathers from all directions to form an ocean (or lake), and thus assembled in one area, it is
available for nourishment. The upper trigram also denotes joy, which reflects the pleasure of engaging
in the enterprise depicted.
~ Profile
Only great leaders can bring about true assembling. Such persons will do whatever duties are
required, just as the king carries out the rituals. Naturally, strength of character and singleness of
purpose are needed, along with a knowledge of what is right and how to achieve it (symbolized by
"seeing the Great man"), and the offering of sacrifices. People instinctively adhere to what they know

to be right, so a proper goal is a necessity as well.
Few are the individuals who can truly carry out the full import of this hexagram as a whole. Many will
face these demands but will have short-comings, as reflected in the individual controlling lines.
Lines
"JLK: Gathering (collecting, assembling, conforming, putting things together) is (was, might,
will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) gathering (and/or conforming) in a way that is
immature (in the beginning, at the feet, and/or when taking ones first steps).
If not persisted (for too long) in moving in the direction that is (was, might, or will be)
considered for the matter at hand nothing (very) bad need come from it.
It is good to study (research, inspect) matters further, as well as alternatives for the matter at
hand (to be receptive and follow what is light);
It is good to call for help, if available in a natural (easy) way.
There is (was, might, or will be) sincerity, but there could be (was, might, would, or will be) no
result (or not the result one is hoping).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) with a sincere desire to gather (things)
together (to unite with others, or to unite things), but unable (or not yet at the right time) to
carry it out (to achieve it), so that (indicating that) disorder has been brought into the sphere
of ones union.
At times, one may have succeeded in uniting several elements together, but then (later),
everything (again) falls apart.
When (once the time is right) one is (was, might, will, be) (as) "calling (crying) out for help" (to
ones proper correlate), then after one grasp of the hand all at once ones tears are (were,
might, or will be) giving place to smiles.
One need not mind the difficulties (perils, or dangers) that are (have been, might, or will be)
experienced over a limited time-span (temporary).
At present (under the circumstances) there is (was, might, or will be) nothing to fear.
Advancing (going) will be without error (with no blame).
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) giving special attention (care, reward)
to what is (was, might, or will be) young (immature) and/or early, in a supportive way,
otherwise there can be no good issue."
Gathered sources: There is an intention and/or appearance of sincerity (honesty, and/or union), but
something (and/or someone) is (was, might, would, or will be) blocking (sabotaging, opposing and/or
hindering) this.
One is desiring union (to get things gathered together) but is (was, might, would, or will be) unable to

achieve it (to carry it out). In consequence "disorder has been brought into the sphere of ones union":
ones mind and aim are in confusion.
Union, and gathering together that is not constant, things coming together while (later) falling apart,
here, (may) indicate indecisiveness, and/or a form of sabotage (opposition).
This line may point to a situation in which people desire to gather around a leader (or a leading
principle, idea) to whom (or to which) they look up, but since they are in a large group by which they
allow themselves to be influenced, they waver in their decision (are disorganized, unsympathetic, or
not supportive). Thus they lack a firm center around which to gather, and/or clarity (transparency,
honesty, oversight).
However, if expression is given to this need, and if they call for help, one grasp of the hand from the
leader (or the one at the center of the matter) is enough to turn away all distress. Therefore they must
not allow themselves to be led astray. It is undoubtedly right that they should attach themselves to this
leader (or central entity).
This line may also point to the fact that even though one is sincere, one still may (would, or will) fail
what one has planned if one doesn't find (genuine) human warmth (in general).
Aside from this, at present there are no insurmountable difficulties (danger, peril, or obstacles), so one
can set forth with what is at the center of ones inquiry, as there is nothing to fear.
~ Profile
These persons will not be capable of meeting all the demands imposed upon them without personal
improvement and reforms.
People want strong leadership which provides acceptable guidance. They will vacillate if the
leadership wavers.
The fourth line normally helps the first, but the two intervening weak lines which would also like
support make this difficult. Help only comes to these persons if they reach out and ask for it.
Since this line is weak where it should be strong, the help is not adequate to overcome innate
deficiencies.
Cooperation, sociability and support from friends and peers will not be readily forthcoming (although
some of it will, if one will call and reach out), so these persons will not automatically fare well in life.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a leading position, but stubborn, and will stick to his
own opinions despite facts and good advice. Frequently he will accept the wrong advice. His
gathering and assembling will not be very beneficial to himself or to others unless he reforms.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will lack in ability and moral character, and will vacillate
frequently between good and evil. His life will be one of hardship, with no real accomplishments.
Avoid stubbornness and accept advice.
You are indecisive. Keep searching for the right guidance. You will find it.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) gathering (collecting, assembling,
conforming, putting things together) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the
Gathering (collecting, assembling, conforming, putting things together) is (was, might, or will
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) gathering (collecting, assembling,
conforming, putting things together) (as) near (close, or closer) to the place of worshiping.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) led forward by ones correlate.
It is (was, might, or will be) good to be drawn into something.
There will be good fortune, and freedom from mistake (free of errors.)
There is entire sincerity, and in that case even the small offerings of the vernal sacrifice are
acceptable.
Thus, it is good to be full of confidence and trust, and to obtain advantage (profit, or fortune)
from offering a sacrifice."
JLK: Under the presently occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, will, or should be) led into
doing something by (through) someone and/or something closely (intimately) related to one. Like
being dragged (led, invited) into a certain direction by ones little goat (domestic livestock). This can
turn out favorably, or less favorably, depending on the strong lines, and those of inner and future
hexagrams.
Additionally, this line may indicate how what is at the center of the mater at hand is occurring
(gathering) nearby (the "place of worshiping"), and therefore not yet at the actual destination where
worshiping is to occur. This can turn out favorably, or less favorably, depending on the context.
Conversely, this line may indicate that neither of both are actually occurring, which indicates a missed
opportunity.
Alternatively, this line may hold the advice to pay attention to details (related to what is temporary,
regional, and/or intermediate), and what their effects are on what is being gathered (for the matter at
hand). It may mean that there is work that remains to be done, especially concerning urgent (time-
dependent) matters.
Gathered sources: "One is led forward; There will be good fortune, and freedom from mistake (one is
free of errors)": the virtue proper to ones central place has not undergone any change.
Although one should (as a rule) never be led (in any direction) without feeling the rightness of the
purpose (deep) within, (if) here, there is confidence, (and) one may be offering a sacrifice, and obtain
advantage (profit, or fortune).
This line may hold the advice that one should remain thoughtful, sensitive and open to change
(and/or to doing things in a way that is not as usual).

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have a broad viewpoint, coupled with practicality, common
sense and energy. He will be loyal and honest, and will be a good administrator, choosing the right
people for the right positions, and assigning them appropriate duties within their capabilities. Thus
work will be effectively and efficiently accomplished. He will set a high personal standard, which will
be emulated readily by others. He will be above reproach, and will have a highly favorable and long
life. He will become known internationally.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a good administrator who can
communicate well. He will easily obtain help from his juniors and seniors alike. He will fulfill his
strongest desires, and have a favorable life.
Specialization will help you. Have a goal.
Be receptive to spiritual impulses and let yourself be drawn into what you ought to do, rather than try
and select for yourself.
conforming, putting things together) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
will be) occurring.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) gathering together (collecting, assembling,
conforming, putting things together) while sighing (amid sighs).
One (what occurs) is (as) sighing and mourning (there is nothing happy).
There is (was, might, or will be) no profit (fortune, or advantage) in (or while) moving towards a
goal (fulfilling an endeavor, or having a place to go to).
One is (was, might, or will be) finding nowhere any advantage.
Going on (fulfilling the endeavor, ones aim, or goal) will (is, was, or might) not be a Great
mistake (Great error), and will be (is, or was) without blame, but one might come to (slightly)
regret it; One will not err, but there may be some small cause for regret.
There might be slight humiliation."
Gathered sources: "If one go forward one will not err" (this will not be a mistake): in the subject of
ones (improper) correlate there is humility and condescension.
"Going on" will not be a Great mistake (error), because what is (was, might, or will be) lying further

("down the road") is friendlier. This means one might end up going on in a way that is (was, might, or
will be) slightly different then planned (or "foreseen").
One may feel an urge to unite (gather, or reach an agreement) with others (someone, or something),
but the individuals around one (the person, the others, that which occurs, or the circumstances) have
(or has) already formed themselves (one-, them-, or itself) into a (solid, or firm) group (or under/in a
certain condition/way), so that one remains isolated (not able to approach, or unite).
This (whole) situation proves (appears to be) untenable. Then one ought to choose the way to
progress, resolutely allying oneself with (some-) one (or something) who (which) stands (or is) nearer
to the group (or close to what one wishes to unite with), and who (which) can help one to gain
admission to the close circle (or "help one on the way"). This is (then) not a mistake, even though at
first ones position as an outsider (new-comer, or stranger) is (or will be) somewhat humiliating.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of many talents, capable of achieving great
things through his own thoughts and efforts. He will use the services available efficiently and
effectively, but will not need to associate directly with others. Many people will be willing to assist him.
He will be healthy, jovial and content, and later he will become wealthy as well.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): Cold feelings will exist among his relatives. His family business
will decline. He will have to leave the clan and make his own way alone, which he will do reasonably
well, despite many hardships and handicaps.
Sometimes one must work alone.
You are trying vainly to find people who will cooperate with you. Try their leaders instead.
conforming, putting things together) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones
Gathering (collecting, assembling, conforming, putting things together) is (was, might, will, or
Great good fortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) in such a state, that if one be Greatly fortunate,
one will receive no blame.
Thus, no mistake; No error, and no blame!"
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances there is (was, might, or will be) "great good fortune". This is

the case regardless of the outcome of the matter at hand (i.e. it does not necessarily mean ones
goals for the matter at hand are realized, although it may be the case). The fortune occurs not as a
consequence of the outcome, but of the way one handles things (i.e. how they are gathered, joined,
accumulated, conforming, and/or made to conform).
Gathered sources: "If one be greatly fortunate, one will receive no blame": ones position is not (the
one) proper to one (due to the fact that one may be acting in the name of those who have authority,
ones ruler, the governing, and/or the dominating consensus, while not being in the ruler's - ruling, or
appropriate - position, which may be inappropriate, or "out of line", but here can be fortunate as well).
The fortune, and the fact that there is no mistake (no error) is indicated (by this line), because
although it is a strong (yang) line, it is not in a ruling (governing, or "decreeing") position (but yet
acting in the "name - or spirit - of it") .
This may describe one who gathers people (goods, knowledge and/or ideas) around oneself in the
name of ones ruler (what is governing) or (what is the) superior. Since one is not striving for any
special advantages for oneself but is working unselfishly to bring about general unity (gathering
together what is yet considered to be truly good), ones work is crowned with success (or fulfillment),
and everything becomes as it should be.
General comment
Great good fortune comes about because this is a strong line, representing the minister, whose duty it
is to gather matters together for prosperity and peace. It is also the beginning of the trigram Chi, joy,
the function of which is nourishment. Kun, the lower trigram, amongst its several meanings, stands for
the people.
~ Profile
Line 4 is below line 5, the primary ruler of the hexagram. Thus we find the minister appropriately
supporting the ruler or leader, and nourishing the people as well. This is a fortunate combination,
producing great good fortune. Line 4 is strong, whereas normally it should be weak, but in view of the
accomplishments attained, this engenders no blame. The masses will flock to this man naturally.
Regrettably, he may lose a proper perspective and let himself be swayed from his course by the
adulation.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be an extremely able administrator, who will establish
beneficial programs and methods which will be effective and of value to the country, to its leader, and
to the people. His efforts will bring prosperity and peace. He will have a very satisfying life, with many
friends, a good family, and wealth.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be talented, and ambitious, but as he rises he will
become vainglorious, and thereby lose his worth. He will eventually bring harm to his enterprise and
his family.
Render service, following the golden mean.
In work of an impersonal nature you will make great strides forward, and find favor.

5
conforming, putting things together) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with)

advantage.
Gathering together (assembling, or putting things together) in a proper (correct, self-assured,

affirmative, or authoritative) way, and/or in an appropriate position (posture, or place).
There will be no mistake; No error.
If one (oneself, or the other, the people) is (are) lacking confidence, it must be gained through
persistent correctness (efforts) and by acting in the most exemplary way (or by using ones
actions as examples). Then regrets disappear.
If there is a lack of faith (confidence, trust), then divination, anticipation and perseverance will
bring it forth."
Gathered sources: Here, what occurs is a gathering (assembling, or putting things, people, or other,
together) that is (was, might, will, or should be) done in a proper (correct, self-assured, affirmative, or
authoritative) way, and/or in an appropriate position (posture, or place).
This line may indicate that the time and place is right for what is at the center of ones inquiry, but that
one may lack faith in ones ability to do what must be done. The way to overcome this is to act in the
most correct and exemplary way one can, and to use the experience and examples that are gathered
to strengthen ones faith and position. One should learn from things, using what will come as an
example.
On the other hand, using the wisdom of the Yi Jing to clarify matters further may provide the
confirmation one may be in search of. Divination, anticipation and perseverance will bring faith
(confidence, trust).
"There is the union of all, under one in the place of dignity": but ones mind and aim have not yet been
brilliantly displayed.
When people spontaneously gather around a man, it is only a good. It gives him a certain influence
that can be altogether useful. But of course there is also the possibility that many may gather around
him not because of a feeling of confidence but merely because of his influential position. This is
certainly to be regretted. The only means of dealing with such people is to gain their confidence
through steadfastness and intensified, unswerving devotion to duty. In this way secret mistrust will
gradually be overcome, and there will be no occasion for regret.
Thus, this line may point to how when a gathering (assembly, or union) is taking place, even though
one may have chosen a great site (or way of doing things), there may be some in the group who lack
confidence. These individuals will find the confidence that is wished for, by being given a great
enduring spiritual message and/or a significant example of what is right and correct.

General comment
Line 5 is a Yang, thus is a strong line in the right place, and in a favorable position for gathering
together. Those depicted here always have the potential to be leaders, but are not always assigned to
leading positions (owing to the strong influence of line 4). Therefore, when they do take over, if people
do not already have confidence in them, this must be earned by exemplary virtue of conduct and
persistent correctness. This will overcome all opposition, and any occasion for remorse will
disappear..
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be humble, modest and sage in the exercise of true
leadership. He will attain a high position and a large salary, but he will not regard this as a glory.
People will be naturally attracted to him, and he will have a large following which he will hold in
respect rather than accept as an honor. He will work persistently and diligently for the good of others.
He will have a long, rich and noble life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a good leader in a minor capacity, and will provide
well for his family and himself while rendering service to others.
Position alone is not enough to achieve success. One also must have confidence.
You need (the) confidence (of others) to attain your aims.

6
conforming, putting things together) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle,
Union (unity) in what is right (superior) and diverse is (leading to) joy (happy exchange).
Division (separation), infertile uniformity, and/or forcing union (through what is forceful and/or
wrong), is (was, might, or will be) (leading to) sadness (painful conflict, and/or waste).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) gathering together (assembling, and/or
putting things together) (even) while (yet) sighing and weeping;
But there will be no mistake; No error. No blame.
JLK: Those who are superior will choose to bring all beings, people, and/or things together,
honorably, in best standing, and with superior wisdom (with the best of conditions, and/or
with reasonably obtainable results), wherever necessary, and/or are (were, might, will, or
should be) aspiring to that.
It is good to follow such a path; It is regrettable when it is (was, might, or will be) not
achieved, and/or if the coherence is not good (if there is no harmony). Then there is (was,
might, or will be) sadness. But if the reasons are fair to oneself, one will get through the ordeal
(avoiding excessive sadness, and/or exchange).”
JLK: There is (was, might, or will be) a gathering(s) together (assembling, putting things together,
striving for union, unity, and/or solidarity), but there is (was, might, or will be) sighing and weeping
(sadness);
Ones aim (goal, wish, destiny) is (was, might, will, or should be) to achieve unity (union, alliance,
wholesomeness, solidarity). This is (was, might, or will be) paired with difficulties and sadness, and/or
it is causing this.
The difficulties and sadness are (were, might, will be, or should be) making what is at the center of
the matter at hand (or that which is at stake) increase (larger).
After the ordeal, one is (was, might, will, or should be) able to attain the unity on good (fair)
conditions.
One has to assess if the difficulties and sadness are worthwhile considering ones goals (i.e. the unity,
union, alliance, or solidarity), if the increase of the matter(s) at hand (or that which is at stake) is right,
and what the right conditions are (or should be) for success, and decide if one has to go on in the
direction one is presently considering.
This line is also the top line of the upper trigram the ocean, and therefore the sadness and difficulties
are the result of what is described by hex. 58, Oceans Exchanging (the Joy and Sadness, Wealth),
i.e. of joy, wealth and exchange that is seductive and/or vain. Ones success will depend on the extent
to which one will be able to avoid (and remedy) this.
This line is in the 6th place of the hexagram, which symbolizes wisdom, the ruling principle (practical,
technical, or spiritual). Genuine wisdom brings all beings, people, and things together, or is (was,
might, will, or should be) aspiring to that.
Those who are superior will choose to follow such a path.

Gathered sources: "One sighs and weeps": one does not yet rest (one is not tranquil) in ones top-
most position (or "at the top").
Here, one (what occurs) would like to ally oneself (itself) with another (or something), and/or achieve
a certain state of things, but it is (was, might, or will be) not appropriate to do so (in the way that is at
the center of ones considerations), which leads to sighing and weeping. It may be that ones good
intentions are misunderstood, and/or that the conditions for ones intentions (or goals) are not right.
Even though there is sadness and one is (as) sighing and weeping (over it), the course (the line of
action that is occurring, taken or considered, i.e. the goal or type of action) is right. This is because
the result of it (the action) may be that (with time) the other (person) comes to his (her, its) senses
(appropriate state), and/or that things fall into place, so the alliance (or state of things) that has been
sought and so painfully missed is achieved after all.
What is indicated by this line (the occurrence, or the person at the center of the matter at hand) has
no relationship that corresponds to it (like f.i. the six in the third place). This is why there is sadness
(lamenting) and tears (while in the third line there is sadness because no advantage can be found).
However there is no error and no blame. This is because although what is indicated by this line is not
at ease (tranquil or resting) in its exalted (top) yet solitary position, it conforms to the relationship of
holding together and turns (as) downwards toward what is indicated by the ruler of this hexagram, the
ninth in the fifth place. The gathering together (the union) is achieved because the idea that it is
favorable to see the Great man (what is Great) accords (fits) with the constellation, conditions and the
hexagram as a whole.
~ Profile
Line 6 is isolated, and has no line with which to unite. That makes this man sad, and he will tend to
bemoan his fate.
However, being in this high position he will turn his gaze inward. Externally, he will not accomplish a
great deal, but he will find satisfaction in making inner improvements. Thus, at the top of the
hexagram, the gathering together is internal rather than external. This may lead to a favorable
spiritual development.
Most auspicious (in the best case): Whenever things are peaceful he will remember that disaster can
strike, and hence he will prepare himself as best he can, and will avoid troubles. He will not rise high
in worldly status, but through self-development he will find peace in his soul, and with his family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be timid and weak in the external world. He will not have
many friends or associates to help him, and will achieve little. He will not help himself to any great
extent either. He will be timid and weak in the external world. He will not have many friends or
associates to help him, and will achieve little. He will not help himself to any great extent either.
Inner improvement brings satisfaction.
It will not be a good day from an external point of view. Work hard to improve yourself inwardly
instead. With better foundations you can achieve more.

Hexagram 46, Rising (Growing Upwards, Ascending)
- Sheng (Shêng)
The theme of this hexagram is the rising and growth, like that of a tree, or like the blood that rises in
an organism, giving life to it.
The Image says:
"rising; growing upwards; the ascending; the elevation; the gradually rising; like blood rising;
raising ones awareness; ascending towards a higher perspective:
The wood below the earth.

The wood rising through the earth.
In, from below and through the earth, the wood is rising and growing, softly penetrating and
organizing.
This is the image of the rising, the elevation, of the growing upwards:
gradually rising, like "blood".
Thus the superior one, in accordance with the time and the circumstances, is (was, might, will,
or should be) paying careful attention to the way his sincerity and virtue (knowledge) is
developing, while accumulating, and gathering what is small (female, receptive, weak, dark,
open), considering their aspects, in order to make something big, and elevated (as well as
elevating);
JLK: He is (was, might, will, or should be) cautious when dealing with what is small (weak,
inferior, female, dark, evil), and/or when (forced) in an inferior (weak, inferior, female, small,
receptive) position, and is (was, might, will, or should be) avoiding to spend (invest) his
strength (forces), wealth (resources), and/or virtues (knowledge, talents) on what is small
(weak, inferior, dark, evil) (advancing) in a way that is (was, might or will be) excessive, and/or
small (weak, inferior, female, dark, evil).
The Great Man will let his strength (forces), wealth (resources), and/or virtues (knowledge,
talents) rise (elevate) in himself, and in all that he touches (influences).
When confronted with what is small (weak, inferior, female, dark, evil), he will not waste his
strength (forces), wealth (resources), and/or virtues (knowledge, talents) where they are not
well received (appropriate, well-spent)."
JLK: Hex. 46, Rising (Growing Upwards, Ascending), shows the image of the wood (the wind, the
banners, the experience) growing upwards (rising, ascending) through (from within) the earth (the
receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). This gives the idea of rising (elevation, growing
upwards). While the wood rises and breaks through the earth, it finds a certain stability in the earth,
and nourishment.
Sooner or later, rising (ascending, growing upwards) will lead to (and/or occur in a context of) flawed
relationships (associations, and/or morals), as described by inner hex. 54, The Marriage (the Marrying
Maiden, the Long-Term Association).

Gathered sources: Adapting itself to obstacles and bending around them, wood (the wind, the softly
the experience) in the earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark) grows upward
without haste and without rest. Thus too the superior man is devoted in character and never pauses
in his progress.
The "tree" grows by the roots feeding on [the nutrients in] the earth through which they grow, and
move: the organizing, softly penetrating and confusing, is growing, rising, or elevating (coming up
through what is dark, unclear, weak or female).
The rising can also mean standing up, leveling, uplifting, ascending, or mounting, etc... The organism
grows, through the elevating and accumulating capacities of the vessels that feed on what received it.
The superior one gathers what is small, in order to elevate (things).
The wood is below, hidden or restrained but at the same time feeding by (through, thanks to) the
earth (the small, receptive), when growing upwards, rising or elevating.
The idea of this hexagram consisting of the wood in the earth growing upward stands in contrast to
the meaning of hex. 35, the Time of Advancing or Not Advancing (Progress, Flourishing). This
pushing upward is associated with effort, just as a plant needs energy for pushing upward through the
earth. That is why this hexagram, although it is connected with success, is associated with effort of
the will. In hex. 35, the emphasis is on expansion. The present hexagram indicates rather a vertical
ascent, a direct rise from obscurity and lowliness to power and influence.
JLK: Depending on the context, this hexagram may indicate the occurrence (manifestation) of sexual
arousal, which is associated with "blood rising". In difference to hex. 51, the Thunder (the Movement,
the Arousing), this hexagram is about the manifestation (occurrence) of (or bringing about of) such
arousal, not about it being a consequence of a certain chain of events (shock, movement), or about
having certain consequences.
Alternatively, this hexagram may indicate an uncontrollable ("blood felt") urge to advance, move on,
and/or rise. Depending on the context, this can be good, or bad.
Conversely, this hexagram may indicate a lack of (the manifestation of) such sexual arousal and/or
urge to advance, which means the life-giving force is absent.
For the matter at hand one has to determine which of the possibilities (above) is (was, might, will, or
should be) occurring, and how to adapt (oneself, and/or things).
The Judgment says:
"Rising, growing upwards, ascending, gradually rising, elevation, like blood rising, raising
ones awareness, ascending towards a higher perspective:
These conditions are (were, might, or will be) containing and beholding Great progress and
success, but should not occur without being considered adequately, and in time.
Seeking, or inquiring with, or on, the qualities depicted by the image of this hexagram, it is
(was, might, or will be) useful to see (learn, and/or get advice from) the Great Man.
Have no fear or anxiety.

Going southwards will bring fortune and success."
Gathered sources: The pushing upward of the good elements encounters no obstruction and is
therefore accompanied by great success. The pushing upward is made possible not by violence but
by modesty and adaptability.

Since the individual is borne along by the propitiousness of the time, he advances. He must go see
authoritative people. He need not be afraid to do this, because success is assured. But he must set to
work, for activity (this is the meaning of "going southwards") brings good fortune.
On a social level, this situation is about finding out by which standards and regulations to evolve or to
elevate, there is an attempt to uniform these standards and regulations. When doing this, it is useful
to consult "the Great Man" or in other words: "He who is Great, light, creative and powerful"; i.e. A
man (or entity) who has a certain authority, quality, and greatness. This is the period to set one's
house in order.
One is only sold, or "given" something (for free, or in a way that looks easy and uncontrolled) when
what is giving feels it to be appropriate to do so, and not necessarily, because what is giving is
considering the best interest of the receiver (and only the receiver, without there being further benefits
to others or to the one giving).
JLK: The one who is wise understands that giving the best that is righteously possible to somebody
else (the others) will mean (also) one is (or should also be) giving what is best to oneself, as one can
not avoid that things will reoccur periodically, and reciprocally, in one shape or another. Thus, it is
either the good that reoccurs, or the lesser option.
This is because nothing moves, without it moving something, or something being moved. Therefore
(also), do not ask, nor consume, or give away what is not asked or called for, unless one feels totally
appropriate to do so, or if the benefits from this will be obvious, as receiving or giving what is not
asked for will create a strain, a cycle of actions, or burden, on what is already there structure-wise,
(existing in an organic and constitutional way, "self"-realizing and "self"-fulfilling), and already put in its
right place.
On the other hand, if someone is asking one to give something that one does not want to give (away),
because of a reluctance to do so, but which could be given away easily, then (still) it is still better to
do so. Even if what is given away seems irreplaceable, it might (probably) be the case that what will
be given can easily be made or reproduced again. Almost nothing is irreplaceable, things will only
turn out being a little different.
Gathered sources: Proceeding southwards, means one has to work to obtain the full use and benefits
of the favorable conditions of this situation.
The fact that going southwards will bring success is also a reference to a historical Chinese situation,
where King Wu indicated that it would be the right time for his friends in the South to attack the Shang
in the North.
Commentary
The lower trigram is Sun, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly
organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience), which moves upward
into the upper trigram Kun, earth (the receptive, passive, small, weak, open, female, dark). Thus
rising vertically is symbolized. This is a step by step process, and produces supreme success.
One must strive for and follow what is right in order for one's path to be correct, and to eliminate the
apprehension and anxieties that would otherwise enter in.
The upper trigram represents the South-West in the Sequence of Later Heaven, and stands for the
place where work is done and where matters should be brought to completion. It also signifies the
people.
Thus, constantly progressing, working with people, and helping bring matters to fruition produces
good fortune.

~ Profile
Like the tree which grows slowly, this man's progress will come through patient, persistent and
diligent effort, and the results will be beneficial and lasting. His accumulations by the end of his
lifetime will be great. [JLK: He will meet or consult with great men.] He will be a strong, capable,
intelligent, stable and persistent individual, who will achieve success upon success. Furthermore, the
south represents clarity, so striving to increase one's clarity helps bring good fortune as well.
Those born in the eighth month [September - October] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: Rising (growing upwards, ascending, elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher
perspective) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with)
Rising (elevating, ascending, growing upwards) brings great good fortune."
Gathered sources: This is the lowest line of the lower trigram Sun, wood, and indicates that seeds are
sprouting and trees beginning to rise. This is welcomed by those above.
Thus we have the right work and effort going on below, with the support and cooperation of those
above. This working together produces great good fortune.
JLK: If there are any doubts or moments of wavering diligence, one should remain strong like "a
brave soldier", as described in line 1 of hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly Penetrating and
Organizing).
Here, the issue of being strong (or the risk of lack of strength) occurs as related to movement, as
occurring in the feet, and/or at the beginning of things.
~ Profile
These individuals will naturally attract others by their pleasing personality, their stability and character,
and their serious intentions and diligent efforts.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be sincere, humble and modest, yet also wise, talented
and communicative. He will instinctively draw people to him, and will often be offered unsolicited yet
beneficial assistance. He will rise quite rapidly, but in a strong and stable manner. He will gain fame
and fortune, and will also have a good family life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be liked by others and frequently assisted. He win
cooperate and communicate well, his enterprises will prosper, and his household will be favored.
It is beneficial to become a good communicator.

The seeds are sprouting. Forward progress and good fortune are assured. Those above are in
accord.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) rising (growing upwards, ascending,
elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher perspective) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones
Rising (growing upwards, ascending, elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher

perspective) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the
consensus).
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) rising (growing upwards, ascending,
elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher perspective) through (others, or oneself) leading
(managing on a regional level), and/or being lead (managed), with sincerity;
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) stimulating (managing, organizing)
(things, others, and/or oneself), and/or being stimulated with sincerity, so that there will be
rising (growing upwards, ascending, elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher
perspective).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) having the kind of sincerity that will even
make a small sacrifice (the small offering of the summer sacrifice, or occasion) acceptable.
There will be good fortune.

No mistake; No error, no blame."
Gathered sources: This is showing the subject of the inquiry with the kind of sincerity that will even
make the small offering of the summer sacrifice, or occasion, acceptable and profitable. There will be
good fortune.
The sincerity indicated by this line affords occasion for joy. This is a time to put things in their order
and to create harmony.
This line may indicate a strong man who does not fit in with his environment, inasmuch as he is too
brusque and pays too little attention to form. But as he is upright in character, he meets with
response, and his lack of outward form does no harm.
Here uprightness is the outcome of sound qualities of character, whereas in the corresponding line of
the preceding hexagram it is the result of innate humility.
A strong officer, the Yang line in position 2, is supported by a weak ruler, the Yin line in position 5. The
sincerity of the officer is deeply rooted, and exemplified in all that he does. Even where minimal
support is required it is freely and sincerely given. No errors are committed in such a relationship.
JLK: Here, the key to deal with the matter at hand lies in the fact that ones "sacrifice" is "small",

meaning simple, easy, following ones natural course, and with sincerity.
It is mentioned that what is at the center of the matter at hand is a summer sacrifice, this means that it
is associated with the fruits of fertility, joy, and exchange, as symbolized by the lower inner trigram the
ocean (the joy, the exchange). Also see line 2 of hex. 58, Oceans Exchanging (the Joy and Sadness,
Wealth).
Since it is also the 2nd line of the lower trigram, the wood, it is paired with "softly penetrating and
organizing, and (as) kneeling in submission beneath (below, on the border of) a couch, or bed (or the
heart)."
Here, it is sincerity that brings advantage. Conversely, if what occurs shows the one who is at the
center of the issue at hand having no such sincerity, then there can be no such advantage.
~ Profile
Persons of ability and loyalty, serving their ruler or a cause, as well as themselves, are depicted here.
Such persons are sought after, and are highly esteemed in any organization.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of great virtue and strong character, and greatly
talented. He will be honest, just and forthright, and will follow the golden mean. He will accomplish
great and worthwhile tasks, for others and for himself, and will generate a rich and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be similar to the most auspicious, but his achievements
will be on a lesser scale and at a lower level. In yearly hexagram:
Services sincerely rendered will be duly rewarded.
Be filled with faith gained from ancient wisdom, and further progress will be assured.

3
elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher perspective) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the
One is (was, might, or will be) rising (elevating, ascending, growing upwards) (as) into an
empty city.
There is (was, might, or will be) a gathering together (agreement), yet one is (was, might, or
will be) sighing and mourning (there is nothing happy).
There is (was, might, or will be) no profit (fortune, or advantage) in (or while) moving towards a
goal (fulfilling an endeavor, or having a place to go to);
One is (was, might, or will be) finding nowhere any advantage.
Going on (fulfilling an endeavor, ones aim, or goal) is (was, might, or will be) not a Great
mistake (Great error), and is (was, might, or will be) without blame, but one might come to
(slightly) regret it;
There might be slight humiliation."
JLK: At the center of the matter at hand lies the idea (and/or questioning) of there being an
opportunity (that is to be seized). The question will be: is there actually a genuine opportunity (to
realize a goal), or will it prove to be infertile, and/or no more than an empty promise?
Gathered sources: "Going on" will not be a Great mistake (error) because what is (was, might, or will
be) lying further ("down the road") is friendlier. This means one might end up going on in a way that is
(was, might, or will be) slightly different then planned (or "foreseen").
"Going on is not a Great mistake" also implies that in the subject of ones (improper) correlate there is
humility and condescension.
This may point to a situation where one feels an urge to unite (to gather, or reach an agreement) with
others (someone, or something), but the individuals (and/or occurrences of some nature, entities,
organizations, "things") around the others (the person, that which occurs, or the circumstances) have
already formed themselves into a (solid, firm) group (and/or into a certain closed and/or rebuking
condition), so that one remains isolated (not able to approach, or unite). It’s like moving into a
crowded fortified capital, yet so inaccessible that it seems to be "empty".
This (whole) situation proves (appears to be) untenable. Then one ought to choose the way to
progress, resolutely allying oneself with (some-) one (or something) who (which) stands (or is) nearer
to the group (or close to what one wishes to unite with) and who (which) can help one to gain
admission to the closed circle (thus "help one on the way", or reach ones target). This is (then) not a
mistake, even though at first ones position as an outsider (new-comer, or stranger) is (or will be)
somewhat humiliating.
JLK: On the other hand, the idea of moving into a capital city that is "empty", may indicate that this
means that there are opportunities to be seized, as one can "fill" the capital with ones own (projects),
and no one will be obstructing. It may then mean that all obstructions that generally block progress
have fallen away, that things proceed with remarkable ease, and that one is unhesitatingly following
this road in order to profit by one's success.

Gathered sources: Seen from without (the exterior) everything seems to be in the best of order.
However, no promise of good fortune is added in the text. It is a question how long such unobstructed
success can last, and/or what the actual result will be in the end, and if it will still seem successful.
Things may not be what they seem to be! But it is wise not to yield to such misgivings, because they
only inhibit one's power. Instead, the point then is to profit by the propitiousness of the time.
JLK: Nevertheless, one may have to ask oneself: is there a real and unobstructed opportunity to be
found, or is one merely finding emptiness where one expected to find (or bring about) a prosperous,
lively, happy, crowded, and fertile capital?
The nature of the difficulties and/or obstacles one might encounter, are described by hex 57, the
Wood (the Wind), line 3. They occur as a result of violent (forceful) repeated effort, as related to what
is symbolized by the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and organizing). By remaining moderate,
calm and in control, one will make the best of circumstances.
General comment
Line 3 is a strong line, at the top of the trigram Sun, wood, and has only weak lines above it, so
progress is easy, like taking over an empty city. Its rising is unobstructed and it can be expected to
proceed far. One should bear in mind, however, that this line is symbolically a part of the tree, and
therefore its progress will be by gradual growth. Also, no mention is made of good fortune, and this
should be taken as a warning to be wary of too easy progress. One should always remain true to
one's purposes, and to the goals and mores which one knows to be right. What is easily gained can
likewise be easily lost.
~ Profile
These persons will have to learn how to sift the wheat from the chaff, such as not to be lead into dead
alleys.
Initially, they may have difficulty in finding allies, which may lead to a sens of loss of direction.
However, once they find their own ground, they will do well, but may do even better if they can
envision new goals for themselves along the way, and pursue them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will rise to an important position and govern part of the country,
or become the president of a large organization and lead well. He will have a good life with adequate
means.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a good administrator, publicly and privately. He
may have a strong gambling instinct. Eventually he may choose a life of greater or lesser seclusion.
Beware of seemingly easy situations.
The course of action taken will cause no doubts to rise in the minds of others. Even though things
seem easy, check again that no mistakes have been made.

4
elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher perspective) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the
Rising (growing upwards, ascending, elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher

perspective) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with,
through) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the
What is Great uses, and employs, the one who (or that which) is (was, might, or will be)
occurring (or appearing) at the occasion, to present offerings and worshiping.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) employed by the King (the ruler, the
governing) to present his offerings on mount Chi.
There will be good fortune;

There will be no mistake; No error, no blame."
Gathered sources: The mount Chi (symbolizing "the mount of the Big Breath") is where one is
honoring and worshiping for the sake of the family (ancestors, clan, or household). The presenting of
offerings means one is (was, will, might be or should be) doing a service to spiritual beings, and
spirituality in general, which here is in accordance with the state (of mind) of those who are (or that
which is) employing, or using one.
This is illustrating the idea that "wholesome" charity begins at home, or within ones own "household"
(or body). It is the most consistent way to be influencing the outer world.
One is (was, might, should, or will be) doing what is right, where one is (was, might, or will be) living,
before venturing afield (any further). One is (was, might, will, or should be) in touch with ones roots
(and/or the roots of the issue at hand).
Mount Chi is in western China, the homeland of King Wen, whose son, the Duke of Chou, added the
words to the individual lines. The pronouncement takes us back to a time when the Chou dynasty was
coming into power. At that time King Wen introduced his illustrious helpers to the God of his native
mountain, and they received their places in the halls of the ancestors by the side of the ruler.
This indicates a stage in which pushing upward attains its goal. One acquires fame in the sight of
gods and men, is received into the circle of those who foster the spiritual life of the nation, and
thereby attains a significance that endures beyond time.
JLK: Alternatively, depending on the context, this line may offer the idea of how "God has certain
(and/or other) plans" for the one who (or that which) is (was, might, or will be) at the center of the
matter at hand. When one is invited by "the King", how could one refuse, even if it doesn't agree with
our own plans (or ideas of how life should be or unfold)?
In case of doubt: such plans will always be close to ones inner values and sincerity, as well as in
accordance with what is right (good).
General comment
Mount Chi was the place of worship for King Wen. Line 4 is the "minister", so the implication is that
the minister was invited to join in the sacrifice/offerings. To be invited to participate was a great honor,

indicative of being accepted and favored by the king.
Thus this line symbolizes a time when the individual finds that he can attain his goals as well as
rendering much service to the ruler and the people.
~ Profile
These are truly remarkable persons, both in character and ability. They set a fine example, which
others would do well to emulate, with good fortune and no error resulting.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a minister by nature, and he will lead by example. He
will be kind, considerate and yielding (like water), yet will remain true. He will approach the acme of
sincerity, and will be favored by those in authority. His work will be beneficial and of lasting quality,
and he will be fortunate in all aspects of his life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will strongly influence people through his ability and
integrity. He will obtain a moderately high position and adequate wealth, and will have a good family.
Righteous development brings its own rewards.
Now you will start to attain your goals. Do not forget reverence to God and adherence to duty and
tradition.
elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher perspective) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the

advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) firmly correct, and therefore enjoying good fortune.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) climbing the steps (rising, elevating, ascending,
growing upwards) with all due ceremony."
JLK: The fact that one is going up the stairs "with all due ceremony", shows that one is proceeding
while following a certain protocol and/or method, displaying and celebrating an aspect (at the center)
of the matter at hand.
Alternatively, this line may recommend to "hold ones own" (and/or stay composed), by acting with (a
certain amount of) ceremony, regardless of others showing appreciation (and/or agreement) or not,
and/or of those who are (possibly) acting in inferior ways.

Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will, or should be) firmly correct, and will therefore be enjoying
good fortune. One is (was, might, will, or should be) ascending the stairs with all due ceremony, and
correctness of procedure: One grandly succeeds in ones aim, obtaining and reaching ones goal(s).
One should go up one level at the time, working in phases, going ahead with ones plans. It is possible
to do things by going over them several times, or by gradually building things up, step by step.
This may point to the fact that when one is advancing further and further, it is important for one not to
become intoxicated by success. Precisely when one experiences great success it is necessary to
remain sober and not to try to skip any stages. One must go on slowly, step by step, as though
hesitant. Only such calm, steady progress, overleaping (missing) nothing, leads to the goal.
~ Profile
Able leaders, who administer their duties and responsibilities in an efficient and effective manner, in
keeping with the golden mean, are depicted here. They will be natural leaders, and will develop their
leadership potential through learning and the wisdom of experience. They will be a blessing wherever
they are.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be recognized for his leadership and abilities early in his
career. He will be a man of broad vision, a capable communicator who will promote and consummate
large and worthwhile undertakings. His desires will be fulfilled and he will have a long, rich and
rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): His life will be similar to the most auspicious, but in a lesser
degree.
Service to others is always beneficial.
It is only through righteousness, persistently and correctly made a part of one's life, that full success
can be achieved. Be guided accordingly.

6
elevation, gradually rising, rising to a higher perspective) (as) in (for, with) the head (the
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) rising (elevating, ascending, growing
upwards), and/or advancing (as) towards what can't be seen (blindly, or in darkness).
Advantage will be found in firmness, perseverance, and a ceaseless maintaining of

correctness, and sincerity.
JLK: If one wishes to rise (ascend, grow upwards) successfully, and remain so, one must first
rise (elevate) awareness in (of, with) ones "higher-self" and ones relation with Heaven (the
ruling principle)."
JLK: This line points to the fact that one is (was, might, will, or should be) moving (ascending) either
as if being blind, and/or as if moving in darkness. There is advantage in advancing, but only if one is
compensating for the fact that one can't see what lies ahead (over time, and/or terrain wise).
Alternatively and/or additionally, this may hold the advice to appeal to (use, cultivate, and/or train)
ones extrasensory perception (ESP), ones intuition, and/or (other) paranormal abilities. It may hold
the advice to use a form of divination like the Yi Jing (more often).
The darkness is represented by the upper trigram the earth, which also stands for the female, weak,
small, evil, receptive, open, unclear.
The nature of the situation is further described in line 6 of hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the
Passive), which shows 2 dragons, symbolizing good and evil, that are fighting in the wild.
The fact that one can't see (what's ahead) may further indicate that there is a lack of understanding
by those who are (as) leading, and/or those who are being lead. It may indicate a moment of great
(excessive) doubt, due to the darkness (openness) of the circumstances.
When one is advancing in darkness (openness, weakness, or evil), one has to know and/or learn
what to trust and/or what to focus on. One should base ones decisions on what one can really be
certain of (and/or feel inside), not merely on unconfirmed suspicions and/or speculations. If one
"rises" (advances) too high (too fast, and/or too strongly) above and beyond what one can, and
should know about, then there will be problems. The opposite is true as well: if one acts too slow,
considering what one knows one has to reckon with, then there will also be certain problems.
When one is leading (and/or dealing with) others, one should base ones interaction with them on
what one can know and trust about them and/or the situation at hand. When being in the position of a
leader (and/or when leading for an occasion) one should take great care to maintain good (fair,
productive) contact with the "workforce" (the feet) and the officers (chiefs), as symbolized by line 1
and 2, or the results will be bad (small, dark, weak, evil). Since here one is advancing (rising) through
darkness, the contact (relation) may have to be realized in an indirect way, on an intuitive level, and/or
in a non-implicit (passive, open, receptive) way.
The situation represented in this line is very much like when flying a plane through thick fog, at night,
with no light reflected by the moon. One has no visible clues of where one is (to be consciously aware
of, and/or to learn from and come to understand) or goes, if it weren't for the navigation instruments,
equipment, and radio-contact with the outside world. In the end, one will still have to decide about

things that one can know nothing about (it be now, or at some point in time). Hence the importance of
connecting to ones own good sense, intelligence, intuition, and acting in accordance with Heaven's
law (the "ruling principle", wisdom).
After the experience of advancing (rising) through the darkness (the earth, weak, bad, evil), one ends
up raising ones awareness (insight, and/or intuition) to a higher level (based on "higher grounds").
When this is the only strong line occurring, one obtains hex. 18, the Decay (the Work on what has
been Corrupted). Line 6 shows how one should not occupy oneself with "the business of Kings, nor
princes", nor even with family matters (per se). What matters is what is (or should be) (as) the
business of the very highest (in man, the Universe, God), and/or of the highest moral (spiritual,
ethical, logical, and/or objective) order.
Gathered sources: When advancing upwards (or going on) blindly (in darkness, without seeing where
one is), advantage will be found in perseverance, and firmness, but only if this is combined with a
ceaseless maintenance of correctness, and sincerity.
If one is advancing (moving upwards) blindly, then there might be a decay in store, and one might not
be preserving ones riches, or there might occur (unwanted) darkness (smallness, passiveness,
unclearness, openness or evil).
Moving upwards (pursuing ones way in an upwards direction) may be correct, but the warning here, is
that there should be Great care, firmness, perseverance, and anticipation, with correctness and
sincerity.
One who pushes upward blindly (without remaining aware of possible difficulties) deludes himself.
Such a person knows only advance, not retreat. But this means exhaustion (of resources). In such a
case it is important to be constantly mindful that one must be conscientious and consistent and must
remain so. Only thus does one become free of blind impulse that is always harmful.
On the other hand, if what occurs shows that one is (was, might, or will be) taking particular
precautions during ones advance (and/or taking a pause for this), even though one has no clear sight
(or knowledge) of the difficulties, then one is acting appropriately, and there will be advantage.
This line also indicates that even though the times (circumstances) may be difficult (with many
unknown or invisible dangers and/or difficulties), one should not waiver from doing what is right and
continue to advance, albeit with taking the necessary precautions or pauses.
If under the occurring circumstances one is not taking the necessary precautions and/or pauses that
are required to deal with what is unknown ("dark"), then one is not acting appropriately, with
accordingly bad results.
~ Profile
Some individuals have a compulsive drive to constantly keep moving forward. They never truly stop to
rest and relax, or to reassess their situation. It is a blind inner urge that keeps them trying to move
ahead, without adequate plans and preparations, or knowledge of possible support.
That no man is an island is one of the basic tenets of the Yi Jing, and forging ahead alone, here will
lead to difficulties and disasters, unless actions are unremittingly correct.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will overcome compulsive urges and cultivate himself
personally and professionally to the point where his inner being will create a successful life for him,
both in his work and with his family.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be greedy, mean inconsiderate, and constantly pushing
in his efforts to gain status and profit. His actions will bring much unavoidable opposition and ill will.
He will have a hard life.
Constant pushing forward is damaging.
Constant advance today may be dangerous. Reassess your situation. Learn what is the right thing to
do before proceeding. Blind impulses can be dangerous.

Hexagram 47, the Exhausting Adversity (the Entrapment, Endless Stress)
- Kun (K'un)
The theme of this hexagram is exhausting adversity (stress, and/or entrapment), and the way one is
(was, might, will, or should be) dealing with it.
The Image says:
"the exhausting adversity; the exhaustion; the exhausting entrapment;

the endlessness; the endless stress; a story without end;
the courage; (the) bravery; the consistency of disaster; the besiegement;
being exhausted (overwhelmed, entrapped, or overloaded) by a burden (a body, or substantial
resistance); being overloaded; listening or refusing to listen; learning or refusing to learn:
The ocean losing its water.

The water (the incalculable, the danger, the difficulties, the liveliness, the current) below (at
the bottom of) the ocean (the exchange, the wealth, the happiness and the sadness).
Like a lake or a swamp, where the water has withdrawn into a deep hole.
When there is no water in the lake, one reaches for the limits (there are none, they are
incalculable, and/or there is peril, difficulty, and danger doing this);
That is why occurs: the adversity, the stress, the exhausting entrapment.
This is the image of the exhausting adversity, the stress, the endlessness, the entrapment:
being exhausted (overwhelmed, or overloaded) by a burden.
One is (was, might, or will be) like (creating) an ocean, moving and withdrawing towards, or
into, what is the incalculable.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) risking his life in following his will (desire,
goal).
The Great Man will risk his life in pursuit of the fulfillment of his will (desire, goal)."
JLK: Hex. 47, the Exhausting Adversity (the Entrapment, Endless Stress), shows water (liveliness,
difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) leaking out of a vast ocean (joy and sadness,
swamps). If this goes on long enough, the ocean will end up empty and drained of all its rich
resources. This gives the idea of exhaustion and adversity.
The conditions and circumstances of the time of adversity exhausting (entrapment, endless stress)
will strongly depend on (and/or closely be related to a context of) what is as a family, as symbolized
by inner hex. 37, the Family Bond (the Allegiance, the Commitment).
This hexagram is the reverse of hex. 48, the Well (the Source, the Association), where there is an
abundance of nourishment to be drawn up and used. Here there is exhaustion. One is (was, might,
will, or should be) dealing with a measure of strength between ones own strength (wealth, and/or
abundance of resources), and the strength (abundance, and/or resources) of the elements (the
circumstances).

Depending on the context and/or angle, this can indicate a fight between good and evil, and the
exhausting effects of their struggle.
Thus, the superior one deals with risk(s), and/or exhaustion (stress), when pursuing his goals, and/or
fulfilling his will (desires). One (and/or it) reaches the limits of ones (their) resources (resistance,
understanding, resourcefulness, possibilities, and/or abilities).
In a general way, this hexagram may advise to avoid and/or remedy endless stress and exhaustion.
Traditional translations/versions of the Yi Jing (such as the one by Richard Wilhelm / Cary. F.
Baynes), associate the concept of "oppression" to hex. 47. However, it should primarily be associated
with "exhaustion", i.e. as a result of dealing with adversity (whatever it may denote) and resources
(strength, qualities) leaking away (which can however be experienced as having to bear "oppression"
and/or repression, or be a consequence of having to fight these). The present text prefers associating
the idea of oppression and repression with hex. 36, the Darkening of the Light (the Hidden
Brightness, Oppression), which shows one dealing with crushing forces that would tend to "darken
the light", and/or "ones light". The exhaustion of hex. 47 is a result of the fact that one is "following
ones will" (desire, goal), while dealing with adversity. If one is guided by what is right, results will in
the end (ultimately) be good. If one is guided by what is wrong and/or inappropriate, then the
exhaustion may be leading to more difficulties, or even be fatal.
Gathered sources: When the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) is
low in the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement,
decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), flowing away or condensing, the ocean becomes exhausted
and dries up. This is like the materializing and dematerializing of destiny and fate.
JLK: This hexagram represents adversity and opposition as it occurs in life: full, difficult, and causing
exchange. Thus, it is best to accept the circumstances, and to remain faithful to oneself, and to what
is Great and Ultimate. Because of this dealing with adversity, and extremely difficult or exhausting
circumstances, it may also be a reference to courage and those who are courageous.
Gathered sources: Here, one finds adversity at the deepest level of ones being, as (in accordance
with the nature of destiny) it is only at the deepest level and as from "within", that the energies that
can fight destiny will be fully addressed, and that adversity will be overcome.
"Kun", means distress, anxiety, and confinement. (Thus) It can also mean "weary", or "tired".
The ancient Chinese ideogram (as found in the "site of Yin" text) for "kun", shows "mu", representing
"a tree", inside (or surrounded by) "wei", representing "an enclosure".
Thus, what is suggested is that "kun" (exhaustion, adversity, confinement) is a condition in which the
subject of the inquiry is finding himself (one-, or itself). (Then) It is a condition of confinement,
exhaustion, and duress (constraint), which may occur more on the mental level, than on the physical.
Another way of writing "kun" results in "mu", representing a tree, with branches (reaching, or rising
up), and roots (reaching, or moving, downwards), while (above it, or approaching it) there occurs
"chih", indicating a foot, which may either be indicating a movement or a standstill.
Thus, (then) it may represent how someone is (approaching, or halted and) forced to rest below a
tree.
JLK: The trigrams show how the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and
openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) projects, restrains and beholds the
water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), at a lower location. The water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) projects and releases the ocean (joy

wetness, swamps) at a higher location.
Gathered sources: One reaches for the limits (or the "borders") of the ocean, but, (it is as if) there are
none. Exhausted and stuck in adversity, one tries to reach the end of "it" (of "things", while trying to
succeed finding a dry piece of land, or an island, when (as) "shipwrecked", or the opposite: to
succeed in finding what is as "fresh water", when in "the middle of the desert"), but there are no limits
to the circumstances that are presently occurring.
Thus, there occurs a continuous threat of mental, but also of physical exhaustion. It is like when a
tree (symbolized by the upper inner trigram, the wood) which is bound ("immobilized", or constraint) to
a (certain) place (or "spot") on the earth, but with its branches and leaves it is trying to penetrate as
much space as possible, (as) to compensate its lack in mobility.
This may depict one who may need freedom (in action), but unlike the tree, (here) one can only
penetrate space by (continuously) moving (or acting). If one is (was, might, or will) not (be)
continuously moving (going on, penetrating into, or clarifying (the) "space"), one will not (ever) find the
(correct, or adequate kind of) nourishment that one needs for ones growth. Thus, change,
transformation, renewal, and movement is needed in order to avoid exhaustion, adversity, and "drying
up" (exhausted) inwardly (symbolized by the lower inner trigram, the fire).
The Judgment says:
"Exhausting adversity, exhaustion, exhausting entrapment, endlessness, stress, courage,

bravery, consistency of disaster, besiegement, being exhausted (overwhelmed, entrapped, or
overloaded) by a burden (a body, or substantial resistance):
Taking into account these circumstances and conditions indicate success.
There is advantage in doing the divination, in anticipating, and in being persevering;

Adequately, in time.
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) knowing (aware) when words
(expressions) are (were, might, or will be) unimportant: if this is the (logical) result of vigilance
(due diligence), and/or understanding the other(s), beyond (spoken) words, then this is good.
And/or one is (was, might, or will be) unwilling to listen: if this is not the (logical) result of
vigilance (due diligence), and/or of understanding the other(s) beyond (spoken) words, and/or
if this is how one is received (listened to, or read), then this indicates negligence.
Be, and do; One is (was, might, will, or should be) focusing on what is essential, on what
actually matters (as felt inside).
The superior one always endeavors (and takes action to) to manifest happiness, and/or is
(was, might, will, or should be) moving towards it, even when surrounded by doubt, and/or
when exhausted (trapped).
He will focus his efforts on being (i.e. reposing in himself, being substantial), and doing
(taking action), as well as what matter for this, not merely on words that could be (felt as)
"empty" (holding no impactful meaning, having no impact) to the receiver (the listener, the
other and/or oneself).
The Great man is (was, might, will, or should be) operating a happy fortune.
There will be no mistake; No error, and no blaming.
There are (were, might, or will be) words, but no belief (no trust).

Thus, if (under the occurring circumstances) one thinks words (ideas expressed through the
mouth, messages, phrased concepts) are (were, or will be) important, this brings misfortune.
If one has something to say one will not be believed! One will be too reluctant, or too
obnoxious to listen.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) aware that words are (often) not
believed by those who are stubborn (unwilling), and/or ignorant (foolish, inexperienced,
ignorant).
Therefore he is (was, might, will, or should be) dedicated to being true (genuine), by being,
living, and giving the right example, in his action and/or non-action (before anything else)."
Gathered sources: There is adversity (and/or entrapment), which is exhausting and diminishing, due
to relentless (endless) challenge (provocation, or stress).
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, words (that which is spoken, the ideas expressed through
the mouth, messages, phrased concepts) are (were, might, or will be) not important. What matters is
being. Therefore, one should focus on "being", on what "is" (was, might, will, or should be), and/or on
"doing" (what will become).
When one points a finger at the moon, the moon is not at the tip of the finger. Words point at the truth,
but the truth is not in words (as goes an insightful quote by Dajian Huineng). Therefore, be truth, in life
and/or in action.
This is not a time to waste energy and/or resources on vain dreams, appearances and/or make belief.
This is a time to appreciate what is real (or what one experiences as such).
Few things can be as exhausting as dealing with disbelief. One should let the disbelief erode away,
not strengthen it. One need help such eroding (exhaustion) process with no more than just focus on
being, on what is (the essential aspect of things), what will act, what will be done, and what will work.
Gathered sources: Times of adversity are opposite to times of success. Nevertheless, if the strong
person comes along adversity, he or she will remain serene and happy, and withstand all dangers.
This serenity will form the basis for future success. It is the firmness, to be stronger than destiny. The
one who will allow to be broken and exhausted as from within (as indicated by the lower inner trigram,
the fire), will surely never be successful, or find fortune. But the one who will respond, and only bend
to adversity, re-acting as re-energized by it, will definitely achieve enlightenment, given time. The
pressure, and stress exercised on this person, will sooner or later provoke or ignite a Great strength
or power, which will allow for adequate action. When there is evilness, smallness, or vulgarity, this can
not be achieved.
(Only) One who is Great operates a happy fortune, and will remain without blame, as well as avoid to
(merely) blame (oneself, others, or "things").
"The Great Man operates a happy fortune", means consulting the Great Man (or that which is
superior), and/or learn from his ways, is what is operating this.
"There are words but no belief (no trust)", means that trust is (was, might, or will be) lost. It means
that due to this there will (can, or might) be estrangement, and worse. One will not be believed (be
understood, or listened to), nor will one (possibly) believe (understand, or listen to) the other!
Thus, at this time, influence is denied to the Great Man (who is at the exterior), as nobody believes
(understands, or observes), or listens to what is being said (or brought forward). That's why, during
this period, it is good to remain inwardly strong (or literally to remain "at the inside"), and to use little
or "small" ways of organizing (systems or words) projecting this high and as from "within", softly,
consistently, cohesively organizing and confusing, as it is indicated by the upper inner trigram, the
justice system, banners, the experience).

Thus, this indicates one who encounters opposition and (who risks) adversity, until exhaustion is
occurring.
Exhausting and opposing adequately; Brave; In time.
Therefore, the fact that one is (was, might, or will be) exhausted (overwhelmed, or overloaded) by a
burden, can be seen as something that is (has been, might, or will be) beneficial: it forms the
character, and may carry the testing, and maturing of (ones) experience, or knowledge.
It is a good sign if the superior one is (was, might, or will be) firm, persevering, anticipating, and doing
the divination, while avoiding that any harm will happen (or be done) to one.
One is (continuously) at risk of not finding (any kind of) confidence (or trust).
Knowing if it will be good to go on (under the given circumstances) may depend on the outcome of
the (strong) lines.
The overall morbid tone of this hex. 47, the Exhausting Adversity (the Entrapment, Endless Stress),
depicts someone who (or something that) is enclosed on four sides, distressed and imprisoned
(and/or entrapped). This loss of freedom, even amidst what would seemingly be the bounty (reward)
of freedom - i.e. the food and drink described in the second line - presents a difficult state. The key
instruction in such distress is to offer sacrifices, and to worship.
This hexagram represents a time when material attempts are not going to succeed, but spiritual ones
may.
Commentary
The hexagram is composed of the trigram Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth,
massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), over Kan, water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory), indicating that the water has seeped
out of the ocean (or lake). This symbolizes adversity because the ocean (or lake) is dry and
exhausted, no water being available for nourishment.
~ Profile
These persons have the potential to be beneficial. If they do not use it, or fail to develop it properly,
they can expect adversity. By a similar token, if they do not let themselves be overcome by adverse
conditions they can still achieve success through indomitable will-power, perseverance in right
courses, and by cultivating the inner optimism and faith of a great man. In this way they free
themselves from error.
Regrettably, the factors influencing this man's life are largely negative, since both trigrams have a
downward trend. Therefore his accomplishments will not be great and he will be hampered by
conditions beyond his control, unless he heeds the warnings and advice given. Actions, and not
words, are required.

Lines
"JLK: Exhaustion (exhausting adversity, entrapment, stress, being overwhelmed, listening or

refusing to listen) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for,
advantage.
misfortune.
One is (was, might, or will be) overwhelmed by adversity.

One is (was, might, or will be) (as) sitting down under a naked tree, and/or (as) reaching a dark
(gloomy) valley.
One is (was, might, or will) (as) not (be) seeing the light for three years."
Gathered sources: Surrendering to misfortune and gloomy feelings will only make matters worse.
Even in the worst of circumstances there are ways to see the light and get some amount of relief.
Under the presently occurring circumstances one will have to reckon with the fact that it is (was,
might, or will be) taking some time before the difficulties will be resolved (entirely). By adapting ones
attitude, one will find the necessary strength and capacities to deal with the situation.
The fact that one is (was, might, or will be) (as) sitting down under a "naked tree", indicates that one
is (was, might, or will be) in a place where one is finding neither shelter from sun and rain, nor is one
finding any fruits that a tree could have offered. Still, there may be alternative ways to make the most
out of what one has available.
The "naked tree" may also indicate what are like dry twigs (branches) that fetch (entrap) ones lower
limbs when one goes (moving downwards) into the dark (gloomy) valley (dealing with difficult and/or
dangerous circumstances). It's imperative to anticipate such extra difficulties, and escape being
entrapped and/or made to fall.
The "dark, gloomy valley" symbolizes difficulties and/or dangerous circumstances, as well as
darkness (smallness, weakness, receptiveness, passiveness, unclearness, or openness) that is not
made to go away (not disappearing) for a while (for three "years", periods, or "three").
When struck by adversity, what matters most is to be strong, and to overcome from within what looks
impossible to overcome. (To be like "a drop in the ocean", or to be like "an ocean dropping down", as
can be found in the image of this hexagram, with the trigram of the water under that of the ocean).
(But) if one is weak, one is overtaken by the adversity, and instead of going on, pursuing the way, one
sits down under a tree (that is not even capable to protect, as it has no leaves), being eaten away by
dark and melancholic feelings. This way the situation only gets worse. An attitude like this comes from
a blindness within, which has to be overcome at any price.
Still, if one succeeds to develop the ability (as) to "see" in the darkness, one will be able to discover
many hidden treasures, and learn from this. Thus, one can still profit from even a (dark) situation like
this one.
One should compare this to the story of the prisoner, who was locked away in a (kind of) cave, in total
darkness, not seeing any light for three years. With time, he managed to obtain (a new kind of)
"vision" (or "feel") of what was around him (or of "what was the world"), even when there was not the

smallest reflection of light (or obvious sensation).
Thus, this (ordeal) learned him the way to other dimensions and realities, and learned him new ways
of using his senses.
It might mean however, that when (eventually) one will come "to see the light" (as when setting ones
first step in the sunshine, or "outside" (which may be in), this will come as (somewhat of) a shock, and
one will pass some time to get acquainted with it.
"Three years...", indicates what is felt, or experienced as such, or any three time-periods (like
seconds, minutes, hours, weeks, millenniums, etc...).
JLK: Conversely, this line may indicate one is (was, might, will, or should be) avoiding an ordeal such
as described in the text for this line, thanks to having learned "seeing in the dark".
General comment
Becoming exhausted is dangerous, for chance will then take over. However, through rebuilding and
application, good fortune will return.
~ Profile
The words used here present the picture of a person at the lowest point of adversity. Everything is
dark and dismal around him. He sees nothing, and takes no action. Also he has no protection, like a
man sitting under a bare tree. If he lets adversity conquer him, he must resign himself to failure. If he
is strong and wise enough to continue in what is right, he will eventually find a way out of his situation.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of noble character and virtue but will have little
or no opportunity to be useful. His sphere of activity will be limited, and he will gain neither fame nor
fortune. On the other hand, life will not be particularly bad either.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be muddle-headed and lacking in common sense. He will
not see things clearly. He will find himself in financial or other straits, and not know how to, or be able
to, work his way out of them.
Never let adversity conquer you.
It is not the situation but what you think about it that counts. Do not let gloom take charge.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) exhaustion (exhausting adversity,
entrapment, stress, being overwhelmed, listening or refusing to listen) (as) in (for, at, with) the
Exhaustion (exhausting adversity, entrapment, stress, being overwhelmed, listening or

refusing to listen) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at
the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the orders
being given by the regional chiefs and/or the temporary (intermediate) King (ruler, ruling
consensus).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) overwhelmed (oppresssed, exhausted) by
adversity, while being surrounded by wine and food.
There is (was, might, or will be) (who, or what is as) a man with (what are as) the scarlet-red
knee-bands (the official representative of the power in place, and/or the dominant consensus).
It is (was, might, or will be) good to offer sacrifices with sincerity.
To move onwards (to advance and/or continue in the way that is at the center of
consideration), and/or without appropriate preparation, is (was, might, or will be) bringing
misfortune, even if there is (was, might, or will be) no error.
This means that to "break" things up (to separate, to quit, moving (things) away with a rush
and/or inadequately, not at the correct time, with no preparation and/or anticipation), is (was,
might, or will be) leading to misfortune, which might result in evil, although it could still be
"morally" acceptable to do so.
JLK: The superior one bides his time, enjoys the nourishment, recuperates (rests), and thus
avoids things getting worse, preparing himself for a better opportunity."
Gathered sources: Here, there is (was, might, or will be) adversity, stress, and exhaustion within. On
the exterior everything seems to go well: one is surrounded by food and drinks, Meanwhile, one is
stressed and exhausted due to tension that comes from having to deal with the commonness
(common dangers, difficulties, and/or incalculableness) of (day-to-day) life, which one does not know,
or see, how to escape or avoid.
But help is (was, might, will, or should be) coming from above: a prince (a ruler, government, a way of
governing, or dominant consensus) as indicated by "the man with the scarlet-red knee-bands" (as
princes, rulers, or governors, used to wear these in ancient China) is (was, might, or will be) looking
for quality assistance and help (support).
This may indicate that under the occurring circumstances, by giving service to those in power (and/or
the dominant consensus) one may improve things (for oneself, or the matter at hand). Note that this is
only indicated for the presently occurring circumstances, and should not be taken as a general
principle, as it depends on how right and just things (and/or those in power, the dominant consensus)
are.
Therefore it is (was, might, or will be) appropriate to overcome incalculable, and invisible obstacles, or
adversity, by offering sacrifices with sincerity (doing sincere efforts), and by praying (thanks to the
"vibrating", or "vibrations", that will be caused by this, thus attracting, and calling for the blessing
energies of what is Great, Ultimate, and full of love).

JLK: It may be that here, one has to bear with some degree of exhaustion and/or adversity, yet while
still enjoying wine and food. This situation may be forced on one due to the circumstances. Trying to
break through the situation may not yet be right. So one has to wait and prepare for a better
opportunity, while enjoying the wine and food, recuperating, resting and strengthening.
Additionally, this line may call one to make certain the right conditions (circumstances) are occurring
(established, present) for passing the time of waiting, while enjoying wine and food.
Gathered sources: Here, one has to overcome adversity, thanks to the endurance, firmness,
perseverance, and strength "within".
General comment
Some people rise in spite of themselves rather than because of themselves. This is the result of their
karma, or destiny.
~ Profile
These persons are sincere in their attitude to the universe and life, and are helped by persons with
greater authority (in ancient times princes wore scarlet-red knee bands). However, if these persons
try to lead or to strike out on their own, misfortune will result. Cooperating with others, and accepting
help, is the best way for them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a very personable man, with much knowledge and a
good character, who will attain a high position as a result of help from others (perhaps through
inheritance) rather than through his own merit. He will enjoy a large salary, and will avoid troubles and
let others make decisions.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be ostentatious, biased, aloof, sensuous, and self
indulgent. He will have sufficient means for food and drink. He will not accomplish anything lasting.
Sincerity will often bring unexpected help.
One must give before one can receive. This applies in all realms, mental, material and spiritual. Give
as necessary.

3
entrapment, stress, being overwhelmed, listening or refusing to listen) (as) in (at, for, with) the

One is (was, might, or will be) allowing oneself to be overwhelmed (as) by a stone (moving
with, and/or while (as) carrying its heavy weight, or by being blocked by it), (while) looking for
support from (walking on, or grasping at) thorns and thistles (inappropriate and pain causing
support).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) (the one who is) entering (or walking with
difficulty towards) ones house (or home), and (who is) not finding (seeing, and/or noticing)
ones wife (ones partner, and/or close associate).
Misfortune!"
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) attempting to move (or act) while the opposing
forces are too great (like when carrying a heavy stone, or when ones path is being blocked by a large
rock), while at the same time one is not looking for support in the right way or at the right place. In this
way it will be impossible to attain ones goals, and one is (was, might, or will be) missing a good
opportunity. Here, at issue is the fact that one is allowing this to happen (and to be "overwhelmed" by
the situation) unnecessarily.
The image attached to this line is that of someone who is moving a weight that is too great for one,
and/or against an obstacle that can't be removed, and/or while being entrapped by rocks, and/or who
is as walking on a surface that can't support ones weight (such as when walking on, or grasping at
weak bushes of thorns and thistles).
The occurrence of what is as "thorns and thistles" symbolizes the infertility of the situation, the lack of
strength, and/or lack of opportunity.
In some cases this may represent one who is (was, might, or will be) worrying, hesitant and indecisive
during a time of adversity, and stress. First one wants to go ahead, then one encounters obstacles,
which would actually only be overwhelming if dealt with in an unanticipating or unsteady way.
One wants to penetrate a rock of strength (something that has been stacked up, pushed around, and
grown tough through time), which is (was, might, or will be) felt like "going through a wall, head first",
only to find oneself to be annoyed and exhausted by the wall. (Or,) one is (was, might, or will be)
finding oneself (or things) to be moving with (or as carrying what has, might, or will have) "the weight
of a (heavy) stone (the stone can also indicate a "mountain", the immobilized, stacked up, pushed
around and growing tough, or also "the stacked up - piece of - information").
Then one tries to find support, and help, with things (thorns, and thistles, "small" wood, underbrush,
ways of organizing, systems, or "networks") that due to their nature can not be (fully) relied upon (as
they may not represent what is needed at the moment, or be risky, unreliable, weak, and even hurtful
when used as a basis or support).
Full of uncertainties and indecisiveness, one returns (where one is at) home (or to the house), only to
be deceived again: the wife (the woman, the receptiveness, the openness, and/or fertile condition) is
gone (absent, not found, not available, non existent, or can not be seen). [JLK: Or what occurs is, or

will be: "a husband" who doesn't see, or find, his wife"].
Confucius says about this: "If someone is overwhelmed by something that should not be
overwhelming, his or her name will surely know shame. If one looks to be supported by things that
can not be supporting, his or her life will surely be at risk. One who lives in shame, surrounded by
danger, is nearing the hour of death. How can such a person then be able to see his wife (and/or
fertile conditions)?".
The "wife", here, can indicate (symbolize) any set of receptive, and potentially fertile circumstances
(the woman, the receptive, small, weak, passive, dark, unclear, or open).
On the other hand, depending on the context, the fact that one does (or may) not find (or see) ones
wife (the small, or receptive), may indicate fortune (advantage, or something fortunate), as this is in
accord with the presently occurring circumstances.
The thorns (thistles, twigs, or underbrush) here, may (also) stand for what can lead, or give direction
(though without being able to carry ones "weight"), but it may also be what obstructs ones (clear) view
on (or of) it. The stone may indicate what beholds (stacked up) information.
Thus, still, here there is nothing that is nourishing, or giving support in a "substantially" active way. It
may mean that one should more care for (fruit baring) deeds, than for the (dry) studying, or
contemplating of them (or of other, inactive, "dry" things), or that one should look for other alternatives
to attain ones goals.
This line may also hold the warning that if misfortune (or confusion) blinds one to common sense,
then even close friends will depart and fertile opportunities will not be seized. This is not only sad, but
disastrous.
General comment
As this is the topmost line of the trigram Kan, danger, there is virtually complete exhaustion here.
~ Profile
These persons will be restless and indecisive, with a tendency to fail to see things as they really are.
The result is that only menial tasks are able to be performed successfully, and then only under
specific guidance and direction.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will become a doorman, waiter, or butler, or have some similar
job, or else he will live in the mountains and forests and largely idle his time away. He will most likely
never marry, or if he does it will not last. He will remain generally healthy throughout his life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have no character, talent or ambition, and will lead a
solitary life plagued by many hardships and troubles.
Restlessness and indecisiveness blur one's vision.
Special indications for daily actions: You are faced with adversity and have put your trust in the wrong
things. Search out and use those things which will truly help you.

4
entrapment, stress, being overwhelmed, listening or refusing to listen) (as) in (for, with) the
Exhaustion (exhausting adversity, entrapment, stress, being overwhelmed, listening or

refusing to listen) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with,
be advantage.
misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) lingering (journeying, and/or coming) very
slowly (gently, or smoothly) and overwhelmed (but) (as) in a golden carriage.
There are (were, might, or will be) regrets and humiliation, but one will reach the end of it.
Ones purpose is (was, might, or will be) below (small, or inferior);

Ones will is (was, might, or will be) directed (or directing) downwards;
One is (was, might, will, or should be) reaching the end of things, even though it is not the
appropriate place, nor the right (or optimal) way, notwithstanding the help."
Gathered sources: One is proceeding while being (as) enclosed in a carriage (vehicle) of gold (and/or
metal). A golden and/or armored carriage can symbolize riches and/or ultimate exhaustion of life-force
(either because the carriage is like a metal prison, or because it is used to carry the deceased,
thereby symbolizing death).
This line may describe a situation where a person who is "wealthy" (gifted, and/or full of potential,
and/or qualities) sees the distresses of those below him, and wants very much to help. But one is
(was, might, or will be) not acting quick and energetically enough when it is necessary to do so,
dealing with things in a hesitant and limited way.
One is (was, might, or will be) (as) taken in (led, seduced, and/or challenged) by rich and powerful
friends (and/or an environment of wealth and riches). One has to participate in the activities, without
the capacity to do so. This brings great regrets and humiliation.
Still [JLK: if the adversity has not already led to total exhaustion, i.e. death], the adversity will be of a
temporary nature. Ones original strength allows for the mistakes to be corrected, and the original goal
is reached and attained.
The lower trigram Kan, the water (difficulties, the incalculable), represents the carriage. Dui, the
ocean (joy and sadness, exchange), represents the metal. This fourth line has the position of the
minister. It depicts the duty to help, and to be obliging.
Thus one has the obligation to break with the endlessness of the situation, and to end the stress, or
exhaustion, but one is (was, might, or will be) overwhelmed, and influenced by the honor (and/or
pressure) bestowed upon oneself (as pictured by the golden carriage that is received from the
prince), unable (incapable) to fulfill fast (or efficiently) enough what one has to do. This brings
humiliation, and regrets. Still, at the end, everything is (was, or will be) going right.
The line is not in a good position: the position is weak, the line is strong. But it has a harmonious
relation with the six at the first position, towards which the will is directed. This is why there is a
companion that is helping, motivating, and influencing to action.

General comment
Anyone who is riding in a carriage, even though he may be in authority, is relying on inferiors. Line 4
should receive support from its inferior, line 1, but that line's efforts are diverted by, the strong line (2)
above it. Since line 2 is symbolic of a metal carriage, the adversity of line 4 is blamed upon it.
~ Profile
Thus, this person will find himself advancing slowly, and often relying on inferiors who do not render
the proper support. He will be reproached as he is not wise enough to choose better helpers. Noting
his mistakes as a result of analyzing his slow progress, he can make corrective changes. The results
will be good.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will rise very slowly in his career hut eventually will reach a
high and respected position. He will receive little help along the way, and his achievements will be the
result of constant self-improvement, both personally and professionally. Apart from his slowness, and
having to work largely alone, he will have a good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have many hardships at first. Later he will be helped by a
rich or powerful person, and will have achievements, but always under the control and guidance of
this person. In his senior years his life will become easier and he will be more independent.
Be certain of your support at all times.
Your faith and trust in one higher than you is not well founded!
However, you will get some help and achieve part of your aims.

5

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) as one whose nose and feet are (were, might, or
will be) cut off.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) suffering exhaustion and adversity (difficulties,
danger) inflicted by the man with the scarlet-red knee-bands (the official representative of the
power in place, and/or the ruling consensus).
But choosing to advance in a way that is balanced (smooth, level, peaceful, and/or easy) is
(was, might, or will be) leading to joy (happiness, wealth, exchange).
It is advantageous to offer sacrifices and libidations;

The joy (happiness, wealth, exchange) thus comes slowly, gently, and gradually."
JLK: Here, those who are (or that which is) meant (or alleged) to give assistance and/or support
(strength, power, nourishment, or resources) are (were, might, or will be) not actually providing it.
Those in authority, "the man with the scarlet-red knee-bands" (the official representative of the power
in place, and/or the dominant consensus), are (have been, might, or will be) inflicting serious injury, or
might have this in store. This is discouraging and/or leads to exhaustion.
This could hold the warning that one is (was, might, or will be) at danger of relying on tools (means,
resources, and/or people), and/or a strategy (and/or the way it's applied), that are (were, might, or will
be) inadequate, but which are imposed upon one (or what occurs) by the official representation of the
power in place (and/or by an inadequate dominant consensus).
Attempting to realize a goal using tools (means, resources, and/or people) and/or a strategy that are
not adequate, will surely lead to unsatisfying results and/or exhaustion (of the will).
Consequently, this line may point to the fact that one has lacked an adequate strategy to deal with the
situation at hand (due to following or obeying inadequate but authoritative powers), and/or is lacking
in applying a strategy that normally could give good results, and/or that one has to adjust (fit) ones
goals to the circumstances (and in accordance with what one believes to be right and just).
It may point to the fact that one has to carefully consider which tools (means, resources, and/or
people) and/or strategies one should be using, and to what extent these will be adequate. This may
be a time to renew such tools.
Gathered sources: The ordeal of "the nose and feet being cut" shows that the path to joy (wealth,
exchange) is (was, might, will, or should be) found after having been left as without (adequate) means
of moving, nor clear perception through the senses - a most painful and/or handicapping experience.
It must surely be right to leave such circumstances behind.
JLK: The circumstances that have lead to the ordeal are described in the 5th line of hex. 58, Oceans
Exchanging (the Joy and Sadness, Wealth). It's the result of trusting (putting faith into) what is

disintegrating (i.e. not "whole" or holistic"), i.e. in what is falling or already fallen apart, and/or in
division (and/or dishonesty).
Consequently, under the occurring circumstances, the road to happiness (wealth, exchange) is found
by choosing what is genuinely truthful, sincere and whole.
Gathered sources: Joy (happiness, wealth, exchange) is (was, might, will, or should be) found by
choosing to advance in a way (or along a path) that is balanced (smooth, level, peaceful, and/or easy)
and whole. In that case one will maintain ones center, and not get confused. Then one (what occurs)
is (was, might, will, or should be) like a quiet and solitary person (occurrence, manifestation), to whom
(for which), if one be firm and correct, there will be good fortune.
JLK: It may be that the risk of an ordeal like having the nose and feet cut off, has not yet been
experienced, or not yet to the full extent. Then the occurrence of this line shows that by choosing to
follow what is balanced, true, and wholesome, one might be able to avert it altogether.
Gathered sources: Thus, this line may depict someone who has the good of humankind at heart, but
who is being overwhelmed from above and from below (as indicated by the nose and feet being cut
off).
One receives no help from those that have the duty to give it, and who should be concerned about
general human well-being (those indicated as wearing the "scarlet-red knee-bands", like ministers in
ancient China used to do).
Still, things are (were, might, or will be) progressing gradually into an improved situation. Until then,
what will matter the most is to act within an honest frame of mind, calling for the help of what is Great
and Ultimate, and full of love, being strong as from within.
The nose and feet that are cut, indicate that one doesn't succeed to pursue and fulfill ones will.
This line is enclosed by a weak line above and below (the 3rd and 6th line). To try and remove the
dark line above, will be like having the nose cut off. To try to remove the weak line below will be like
having the feet cut. This is why one can't fulfill ones will. The companion (or company), to whom one
is (was, might, or will be) associated due to ones resembling (comparable) nature, or character (as
indicated by the fourth, strong line), can not help, due to the same dark, weak, but enclosing lines.
Still, the strength of ones nature as well as that of the other(s) will guarantee (the) success at the end.
It is advantageous to offer sacrifices, to be giving or doing something to the benefit of a general well
being.
The Riddle: What is needed here, is like when sawing a piece of wood (into its right size), or laying
(installing) a (clean and beautiful) cornerstone (a certain kind of protection, by chosing the right kind
of support for ones goals and/or orders). A (rather) complicated and difficult principle, requiring much
strength and endurance.
General comment
Having the nose and feet cut off was a mild form of punishment in earlier days. The judgment was, of
course, rendered by those in authority, i. e. the persons wearing scarlet-red knee-bands.
~ Profile
Through persistent and righteous actions, and appropriate reverence, a reprieve will be granted to

these persons and joy will gradually enter into their lives. They have character traits that will handicap
them early on in life, and their efforts and intentions will often be misunderstood, as they do not
conform to the customs and mores of their society. Eventually their value and usefulness will be
recognized, and, since this is the fifth line, they have the potential to rise to high positions.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be diligent in the learning of ancient wisdom, and will
courageously carry out what he believes is right. His actions will not always conform to present
practices, so he will at first have many difficulties in his profession. Eventually he will rise to a high
position, and have a good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have hardships at first, but an acceptable life later. He
may have serious health problems, or his close friends or relatives may be jailed.
If you are misunderstood, analyze to determine why.
You seem to be oppressed from all sides, but since it is not entirely your own fault the situation will
gradually clear.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) overwhelmed (encumbered, or held back) by
(what are like) wild wineshoots ("wild wines", legislation, banners, false advertising).
One is (was, might, or will be) entangled, confused, and/or entrapped, thinking: 'If I move, I
shall regret it'.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) expressing regrets about ones actions, in the past
and/or future.
One's arrogance (self-assuredness, and/or high-heartedness) is (was, might, will, or should
be) causing discomfort.
One should be humble and gather oneself in order to break out of the bondage (that which is
bonding, tying up, or a relation).
If one is concerned by all this, one will experience regrets; Then it is good to start, or move
along the way; This will lead to happy fortune."
JLK: One is (was, might, or will be) overwhelmed (encumbered, or held back) and stressed by (what
are like) wild (pure, original, wholesome or authentic) wineshoots or vegetation ("nature's liveliness",
and/or incalculableness, vegetation, legislation, banners, false adverting), or what is related to this.
This occurs in the context of a relation or bond from which one has to break oneself away.

If one recognizes ones mistake(s) in time and lovingly, and take appropriate (corrective) action, there
will be good fortune.
The wild (pure, original, wholesome or authentic) wineshoots or vegetation ("nature's liveliness",
and/or incalculableness, legislation, banners, false adverting) are symbolized by the wood trigram,
that is found as the upper inner trigram. Here they are causing exhaustion and difficulties.
Line 6 of hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly Penetrating and Organizing), shows one who is
kneeling in submission, having lost (or losing) ones ax (the property, or "that") with which one is used
to execute ones decisions. It may indicate that one has to let go of it (and/or of certain things), so that
one can find a better alternative, or a better version of it.
Gathered sources: One is overwhelmed and stressed by a bond or relation that could easily be
ended, broken up, and/or appropriately adapted (changed). The end of the stress or exhaustion is
within sight, but one can still not round off things conclusively, unable to decide (and/or understand).
Still impressed, and influenced by what has been experienced before, one suspects that one will have
to regret ones actions. Only when obtaining a clear view on things, doing away with the restraint felt
within, and by making a choice in a resolute fashion, will the stress, and exhaustion be overcome.
Amid difficulties, to experience regrets is the result of a change, and considered to be a good sign, as
sincere regrets will be stimulating what is good in oneself. But it will only result in good fortune if it is
followed by appropriate action.
A weak line at the top of the adversity is not yet the right or perfect way. But due to the movement,
and the intelligence that is waking up within, one will get out of the adversity. That's why there is
fortune to be expected, when the time of the adversity, or the stress, has come to an end.
One image that is attached to this line is that of a sinner, with a Chinese "hair shirt" of creepers and
vines, who preaches that salvation comes with repentance. Under the occurring circumstances,
repentance by itself, or merely talking about it, will not offer a viable solution to what one is dealing
with. Only if recognizing and admitting ones mistakes is followed up by taking appropriate corrective
action will there be good fortune.
The wild wineshoots (or "wild wines") are pictured by the upper inner trigram "the wood" (the wind, the
word, the confusion). The sixth line is not part of it. Thus, the "wild wineshoots" occur and are
influencing as from a higher intermediate level, as from within, but they have yet vanished or
disappeared.
General comment
The adversity is coming to an end, and one has only a few creeping vines to remove. This can easily
be done by recognizing ones mistake(s) and not pursuing the path that one has engaged, and/or
renunciation (in general). Repentance as such will merely be a hollow act, if it is not followed by
appropriate action. Considering this, proceeding forward will bring good fortune.
~ Profile
These persons will start out in life with many hindrances, both externally and those resulting from
their own attitudes. These can all be easily overcome. It will be through a deep introspection, analysis
and reassessment conducted at some point in their lives that they will see truly the errors of the past,
and set forth on a new and highly successful course.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will learn, and discover how to reform early in life, and will then
cultivate and follow the golden mean. He will gain sound professional knowledge and experience, and

this will permit him to overcome adversities.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be weak-minded and unambitious. He will always be the
scapegoat for troubles and adversity. Later in life, and after much loneliness, he will begin through
great personal effort to establish himself.
Periodically reassess your situation honestly.
You are oppressed by your own attitude and character. Change

for the better and you will start achieving good results.

Hexagram 48, the Well (the Source, the Association)
- Jing (Ching)
The theme of this hexagram is about how nourishment (physical or non-physical) can be obtained
from a source, just like the water that can be obtained from a well. Consideration is given to the
nourishment (the water) as well as how one obtains it, like when getting the water from a well with the
help of a bucket and rope which must (both) be in good order. It questions the quality of the
nourishment (the water) of the well, as much as the adequacy of the means (the bucket and rope)
used to access it.
The Image says:
"the well; the source; the association; the collaboration;

the ways to draw the water of the well; the ways to find (gain, draw) nourishment (water):
The wood (the wind) carries (projects, and/or changes) the water;
The water carries (projects, and/or nourishes) the wood.
JLK: This (what occurs) is like a well whose water is (was, might, will, or should be) drawn
upwards for which one is (was, might, will, or should be) using a bucket and a rope.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) encouraging all and everyone into mutual
helpfulness (association), by sharing and offering his help and advice.
JLK: He is (was, might, will, or should be) encouraging all to help one another, he is (was,
might, will, or should be) working (or considering working) with all; He is aware (and warns) in
time when there is (was, might, or will be) no (adequate) help, and/or be vigilant (warning)
against failures (in the ways of bringing up the water, and/or in the qualities of the water), for
then the water can not be drawn (and/or is wasted).
He will learn (and/or teach) about the bucket, the rope, the way these are used, as well as the
water (what should be nourishment, and/or its qualities), the well, and the conditions of all
these, as well as how each thing nourishes another;
He adapts (himself, and/or things) accordingly.
The Great Man knows when the bucket and the rope will hold, and when not, and if the water
of the well is (was, will, or should be) nourishing (clean, pure), or not.
He shares (offers) his help and advice with all, and/or to advance his purpose, and knows how
to apply (value) that of others, and/or of what can be of service (useful)."
JLK: Hex. 48, the Well (the Source, the Association), shows the image of wood (the wind, the softly
the experience) bringing up (drawing) water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the
memory). This gives the idea of a well with a bucket and a rope to draw its water (and bring it
upwards), and/or that of a plant or tree sucking up water through its roots. Here the roots are below,
bringing the water to a higher place.
The time of the well (the source, the association) is a time of overcoming estranging opposition, as
described by inner hex. 38, the Estranging Opposition (the Alienation, the Strange), which can either

be constructive, or obstructing.
Similarly to drawing water from a well with a bucket, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should
be) learning (and/or teach) about the bucket, the rope, as well as the well, and their conditions, and
adapts himself (and/or things) accordingly. One may have to determine for the matter at hand what is
(was, might, will, or should be) like the bucket, the rope, and what is (was, might, will, or should be)
like the well, as well who (or what) is (was, might, will, or should be) drawing the water.
This hexagram is the reverse of hex. 47, the Exhausting Adversity (the Entrapment, Endless Stress),
where there is exhaustion. Here, there is an abundance of nourishment, like water, but first it must be
brought up, before one can benefit from it.
Gathered sources: Wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the
organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) is below, water (liveliness, difficulties,
the danger, the incalculable, the memory) above. The wood goes (or is brought) down into the earth
to bring up water. The image derives from the pole-and-bucket well of ancient China.
The well from which the water is drawn conveys the idea of an inexhaustible dispersing of
nourishment.
The idea related to the image of this hexagram is that of associating (and/or obtaining nourishment)
at (or through) (what is as) the (water-) well, either appropriately, and adequately, or not.
The Judgment says:
"A well, a source, association, collaboration, a way to draw the water of the well, a way to find
(gain, draw) nourishment (water):
Learning about (and understanding) these will lead to success.
The water from the well flows endlessly;

The water never increases nor decreases.
Whoever tries to find, will be able to receive from it.
The city can be moved, but not the well.
However, if the rope (or string) carrying the bucket that will catch and hold the water is too
short, or too inadequate, as to reach the nourishing substance, or if the bucket will break,
This means as well, that if one will not be associating (collaborating) correctly, wholesomely,
sincerely, or righteously, there might be Great risks that will not be overcome in time."
Gathered sources: The image of a well also represents association, as it is being a result of various
water currents that have merged together, thereby "associating", and which will generally be a place
where people gather, associating. This hexagram therefore indicates how everything works through
association and fulfillment and cohesiveness, as it appears through the most minute or magnanimous
in the entire Universe: the holistic association or "associating".
Every success is based on the right type of association. One is always associated to, or with
something, as indicated by the rope of the image, thus one has to analyze and know if the
associations and/or methods involved of that which one is envisioning (and/or that is at the center of
the matter at hand) will be adequate enough as to reach "the deeps of the well"; If one will obtain fruit
from what is envisioned.
In answer to this, it is said: "whoever tries to find, will receive. The city can be moved, but not the

well", indicating that association works from out of the "within". Thus will fulfillment be achieved
through association, but only if this occurs at first.
In ancient China cities were sometimes moved, partly for the sake of a more favorable location, partly
of a change in dynasties. The style of architecture changed in the course of centuries, but the method
of how the well can be used has basically remained the same to this day.
Therefore the well is a symbol of social structure which, evolved by mankind in meeting its most
primitive needs, is independent of all political forms. Political structures change, as do nations, but the
life of man with his needs remains eternally the same - this cannot be changed. Life is also
inexhaustible. It grows neither less nor more. It exists for one and for all. The generations come and
go, and all enjoy life in its inexhaustible abundance.
However, there are two prerequisites for a satisfactory political or social organization of mankind. We
must go down to the very foundations of life. For any merely superficial ordering of life that leaves its
deepest needs unsatisfied is as ineffectual as if no attempt at order has ever been made.
Carelessness, or applying a wrong method or mean - such as when the bucket is broken, or which
causes it to break - is also disastrous. If for instance the military defense of a state is carried to such
excess that it provokes wars by which the power of the state is annihilated, this is like a breaking of
the bucket.
Yet the image of this hexagram can also apply to the individual: notwithstanding how much men may
individually differ in disposition and in education, the foundations of human nature are the same for
everyone. And every human being can draw in the course of his education from the inexhaustible
wellspring of the divine in man’s nature.
But here, likewise, two dangers threaten: a man may fail in his education to penetrate to the real roots
and essence of humanity and remain fixed in convention - a partial education of this sort is as bad as
none - or he may suddenly collapse and neglect his self-development.
In some cases, the image of the string of the bucket at risk of being too short, may indicate the Yi Jing
and the limits of the advice of the commentaries attached to it. Then it advises before anything else:
association; To associate and connect; Gathering without receiving all at once. Answers - but also
dangers - will naturally occur from this. As the water flows always, everywhere, incalculably, outside
as well as inside, answers and associations can be felt best within, or "from the within" (as in the
deeps of the ocean occurring low inside, symbolized by the lower inner trigram, the ocean). If there
seems to be nothing to associate with, then associate with what is right.
Commentary
The well is symbolized by the upper trigram Kan, the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the
incalculable, the memory), and the lower trigram Sun, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and
giving the picture of water in a bucket being lifted from a well. It indicates that nourishment is
permanently available for all who come and go.
~ Profile
Those depicted here will have the potential for doing good deeds and rendering beneficial service and
for teaching the right things to others. All men, by the nature of earthly existence, are both salesmen
and teachers. One is a salesman in that one is constantly selling oneself to others, consciously or
unconsciously. Similarly, one is a teacher through the words one speaks or writes, the acts one
performs, and by the example one sets whenever and wherever one is observed.
Those depicted here will have a well above average tendency to influence others. They should be

aware of this, so that their speech and actions may be as beneficial as possible. Regrettably, this
power will sometimes remain unconscious, or else be forgotten.
Lines
"JLK: A well (a source, association) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (like) a well (a source, association) so muddy
that men will not drink of it.
An old well will neither attract birds nor any other creatures to come and resort."
JLK: What occurs shows a well with mud instead of clear fresh water.
Thus, this can indicate Great misfortune, but for those who have to try and look for shelter when there
is nothing proper left (as can be the case for creatures living in "mud"), it may lead to supreme
happiness. In both cases, it indicates that great dangers and "fungi" ("mold", or contamination) must
be overcome.
This can hold the advice to "clean ship". Clean, use (the situation), or avoid!
Alternatively, this line may point to the fact that if one can't clean or clear things up, one may at this
(such a) stage as well give up. But if the situation of a "muddy well" (or a well not to be drinking from)
is appropriate, then there may be (some) advantage.
What one is (was, might, or will be) trying to keep going, and/or what one is (was, might, or will be)
trying to obtain (in the way being considered), is (was, might, or will be) not (or no longer) worth the
effort.
This may also be understood as a warning against doing things in a "muddy way", moving through
"mud", or resorting to (or drawing from) what may be muddy or "contaminated".
~ Profile
The bottom of the well is so muddy that neither humans nor animals will drink from its water. The way
that a well can become muddy is through agitation, or else through need of renewal.
Wise persons do not cause agitation. Hence persons with little knowledge or common sense are
depicted. Many will be rabble rousers, with extreme ideas which people in general will not want to
accept. They will have little of true value to offer.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have some talent and knowledge, but will not have the
common sense to use it properly, and so his life will be ruled by chance. He will not accomplish
anything worthwhile, and will have difficulty earning a modest living and providing for himself and his
family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will live in poverty in a ghetto or evil surroundings. He will be

unambitious, a drifter, an idler and a wastrel.
Unnecessary agitation is damaging.
No one is sought who has nothing of value to offer. What have you to offer? Are you being sought?
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) well (a source, association,
collaboration) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate,
and/or regional).
A well (a source, association) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the
ruling consensus).
will be advantage.
Water is (was, might, will be) leaking from the broken bucket (the container, the well, the
association);
The fishes (small creatures, and/or occurrences) are (were, might, will be) darting at the well
hole (the source, the association).
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) as when water (liveliness, incalculableness) is
leaking away from a broken bucket (association), resulting in a loss of consistency (volume,
strength, and/or liveliness).
A well (a source, association) from which by a hole the water (liveliness, incalculableness) is
escaping, and flowing away to (or containing) small fish (shrimps, other small creatures,
and/or occurrences);
Additionally or alternatively, at the hole of the well (the bucket) (and/or as a result of the leak
and/or failure in the association, collaboration) one is (was, might, will, or should be) targeting
(or shooting, chasing) (what are) (as) small fish (small creatures, and/or occurrences)."
JLK: The image of this line shows what is like a well, or a basket (a container), that has a hole in it,
which here means it is broken, showing some kind of opening (deliberate or due to a failure) that
results in water (liveliness, incalculableness) leaking away, i.e. in a loss of consistency, volume,
strength, and/or liveliness. This may be good or bad, depending on the matter at hand. It might be an
opportunity to benefit from circumstances that would otherwise be unfavorable, similar to when
hunting fish at a well hole.
The well also represents association (being a result of various water currents that have merged
together, and generally being a place where people gather, associating). Here, the association
(resourcing, combining, and/or gathering of means and/or forces) may manifest either in the way of
the well, or a basket (some kind of container and/or construction), associated with the occurrence of
what are like small fish (small creatures and/or occurrences), and/or those that are targeting them

(displaying a strategy to "catch" things and/or fish), or vice versa - fish feeding at the crack (hole).
"Fish", stands for all types of "liveliness", such energies emitted from/by the heart, persons, ideas,
etc... Here, the "fish" are like "leaking" away, but this allows the other party (this might be oneself) to
be shooting and hunting when they flow out of the hole. To capture the fish, a net can be used, which
might be a useful metaphor in some cases: use a "net", or network, to resolve the matter at hand.
The second line symbolizes the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
If the well (a source, association) is found to manifest (materialize) in these (those), there will be
advantage.
Conversely, this line, may indicate a lack of such a (functional, clean) source or its manifestation in
(what is as) the calves (impulses). In that case there are difficulties and loss.
Thus, here there is (was, might, will, or should be) a loss of strength (volume, and/or consistency),
and/or the strength that is applied is inadequate. One has to determine if this is appropriate or not in
light of the matter at hand, and in what way(s) it occurs. Sometimes reducing strength and/or volume
is required and appropriate and/or an opportunity, sometimes it is unfortunate and/or showing a
leakage of resources.
It may be that the image of the fish and the hole of the well (the association, the bucket) manifests in
several ways at the same time, appropriately as well as inappropriately.
Similar to shooting (hunting, catching) the fish (small creatures, nourishment, or energies) that are
darting at the well hole, the superior one will endeavor to make the best of circumstances, and use
everything according to its own possibilities. Under the presently occurring circumstances, this may
mean one has to adapt to, or even work with some form of loss of strength (volume, and/or
consistency), to ones benefit. This can be like hunting fish at the well hole, and/or by making good
use of a crack in a (large) bucket, it could appear in the form of decompression (releasing air, wind,
and/or confusion). Alternatively, the image of "shooting" the fish, targeting small creatures or
occurrences, may refer to taking appropriate measures against the leakage of resources and/or
strength.
On the other hand, when the image refers to unfavorable occurrences or events, the water leaking
away indicates misfortune for one of the parties involved, or even a small kind of calamity. However,
the image of fish darting at the well hole indicates that on the scale of things, the misfortune or
associated liveliness is not of a Great kind, and can behold (some) blessings as well.
Some ways in which the image of this line has been seen to manifest itself: kids playing in a
swimming pool with one kid having a minor accident (loss of strength); a concrete floor with cracks
that weakens that which it should give solid support to, which needed a solution (in the form of a type
of "net", similar to what can be used to catch fish); a network (an association of forces, i.e. a web-
forum) that has failures, but which offers opportunities for new forms of association, a broken plane in
the ocean.
The occurrence of this line may be a call to finding and/or applying a solution to problems, similar to
those caused by the well hole (or broken bucket, container), or the fish (small creatures, or
occurrences) that are darting near it and/or escaping out of it. The solution will manifest either in the
form of the hole or crack (in the occurring association, as symbolized by the well), or in the form of
fish darting nearby (another form of association), or in the (controlled, targeted) loss of strength,
and/or any combination of these.
Alternatively, the image of this line may point to the fact that while (what is like) the water itself is
clear, it is not being used. Thus the well is a place where only fish will stay, and whoever comes to it,
comes only to catch fish. But the bucket is broken, so that the fish cannot be kept in it.
In the case of an inferior person, this then can describe a situation where this person may possess
good qualities, but neglects them. No one bothers about him. As a result he deteriorates in mind. He

associates with inferior (small) men and can no longer accomplish anything worth while.
~ Profile
Both of these sentences indicate that very little nourishment is available. When fish dart out from a
well hole it means that the water has nearly all leaked away. The implication is that this person can
nourish himself adequately but will never be qualified nor in a position to nourish, and truly be of
benefit to others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will refine and cultivate himself by studying the humanities and
the arts. His work will never come to the attention of anyone of influence or real importance. He will
lead a modest life and find contentment in his studies rather than through accomplishments.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also study, but will not learn much, and in general he will
be impractical. He may have a serious illness or injury, or long-standing troubles. He will barely be
able to support himself and his family.
Never waste energy if it can be avoided.
You may be associating with the wrong people for the achievement of the success of your desire. Be
careful in everything you do.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) a well (a source, association) (as) in (at,
for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego,
the design and/or application of the laws to live by, and their influence on (their capacity to
The well (the association) has been cleaned (purified, healed), but it is (was, might, will, or
should be) not (yet) used.
Men's hearts sorrow over this, for the water might be drawn and used.
If the king (the ruler, and/or governing) were wise, mutual good fortune might result."
JLK: The occurrence of this line does not necessarily mean one should attempt to draw "the water"
that occurs in the well and/or association. It may just mean that an opportunity is lost to do so, which
is sad, but which may be something one has to resign to if certain conditions are not right to draw the
water.
Additionally and/or alternatively, it may hold the advice to resign in the fact that not all can be used
and/or saved (to ones advantage), but this should motivate one to make the best of any opportunity

that comes ones way, and to carefully study (consider) all important matters that could be related to it
and that could come up.
Gathered sources: The well is clean and offers good water, but it isn't used. Hence, this line indicates
that there are resources (materials, means, or a solution) but they are not being used or correctly
applied. The King (the ruler, those who are ruling the situation, and/or the dominant, ruling consensus,
and/or the trend) is (are) not drawing the water. It's left to waste.
Line 3 is the top of the bucket. This is the point from which nourishment should be drawn. It is a
strong line in a strong place so its potential is great, and the people wish that the king would make
use of his asset. But having no correlate, the line remains isolated, and no one gains any real value
from the situation.
~ Profile
Fate or destiny often prevents persons from rendering valuable service to others, even though they
may be excellent, well-qualified individuals. Such is the case here.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have a noble character, and be a man of vision and
knowledge. He could be useful to the government and the ruler, but he will remain relatively unknown.
He will render service to the poor and the needy, and will gain a favorable reputation over a limited
area. He will also gain wealth through good investment.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a man of good character who will accumulate
some money. His efforts to be of use will always be frustrated by outside influences or an unexpected
turn of events. He will have many worries and few friends.
Occasionally stop and see of how much benefit you are being to others.
Opportunities are beginning to open up. Take advantage of them.

4
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) a well (a source, association) (as) in (for,
with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household, ones emotions).
A well (a source, association) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in
(by, with, through) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the
A well (a source, association) that is (was, might, will, or should be) built or taken care of
(maintained, or fixed) in a good way.
No error, and therefore no blame."
Gathered sources: This line gives the image of a well that is being maintained. A well of which the
lining - the protecting masonry, or other protecting layer (on its walls), protecting the interior, and the
way of drawing water (or other "nourishment") from it - is well laid (well designed, worked out,
developed, realized, or maintained).
It indicates that things are (were, may, or will be) well repaired (or built) and that one is (was, might,
will be) making the best use of what one has.
JLK: Conversely, this line may hold the warning that (what is as) the well (and/or an association, and
what is symbolized by it) is not built or taken care of (maintained, or fixed) in a good way. In that case,
there is an error, and there will be blame.
~ Profile
The general message of this hexagram is that one should nourish (and teach) others, but only when
one is truly prepared. As this is the lowest line of trigram Kan, the water (the difficulties, the lively)
these persons are not yet fully ready to teach and guide others. Their destiny is primarily to cultivate
themselves. Then, when due progress has been made, they can turn to external matters beneficially.
In the meantime it behooves them to learn every possible lesson, wherever they are and whatever
they are doing. They should be perpetual students both in and out of school.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be mild and cautious, and will obey customs, mores, and
laws rigorously. He will be reverent. However, he will be indecisive and will lack the courage to take a
firm stand or make major decisions. He will provide modestly for himself and his family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will always have ideas as to what should be done, but he will
never get others to accept them, nor will he carry them through himself. He will accomplish virtually
nothing.
Renew your energies periodically.
A delay will probably occur. Continue to improve yourself inwardly.

5

advantage.
A well (a source, association) that is fed by a clear, cool spring (source) from which one can
drink freely.
There is (was, might, or will be) association (collaboration), from which everyone can freely
benefit."
Gathered sources: The well, or envisioned occasion and/or association, gives nourishment like that of
a cold brook's water in the spring. It relieves and gives spillingly refreshment, allowing one to diminish
the thirst.
A well that is fed by a spring of living water is a good well.
A man who has virtues like a well of this sort is born to be a leader and savior of men, for he has the
water of life.
JLK: Likewise, every occurrence that is fed (or that has come about) (as) by (with) clear, cool spring-
water, will offer the best basis for healthy (harmonious) continuance.
Gathered sources: Nevertheless, there is no mention of "good fortune" here. The all-important thing
about a well (or association) is that its water (or nourishment) be drawn. The best water is only a
potentiality for refreshment as long as it is not brought up.
So too with leaders of mankind: it is all-important that one should drink from the spring of their words
and translate them into life.
JLK: Thus, conversely, this line may indicate that there is a blockage for the matter at hand, and
therefore the water that could have been drawn up can't be accessed.
~ Profile
Great leaders are depicted here, who have the welfare of others at heart and lead primarily through
service. The more they give the more they have to give. They are like a clear, cool spring, giving
inexhaustible nourishment. Line 5 is the ruler, and as it is a strong line in the right place, much good is
presaged for all concerned.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have the talent to become the leader of a nation, and also
a world leader. He will be a man of vision and strong character, virtuous and decisive, with a great
love of people. His work and efforts will be beneficial to many and will have far-reaching effects. He
will be famous, rich and noble.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a good man like the most auspicious, but at a
lower level, with only modest accomplishments. He will have a very satisfactory and satisfying life.

A humanitarian outlook is well worth while.
You can help others wisely and well today. However, it must be accepted as a blessing. You may
receive some help too.
A well (a source, association) whose liveliness or water is repeatedly and continuously

brought up, and of which, therefore, the top is not allowed to be covered.
The well is (was, might, will, or should be) not concealed, and the rope is available. It is
dependable.
A well (a source, association) indicates that one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be)
receiving everyone and all in intimacy alike.
The well (a source, association, collaboration) can be trusted;

It is conform and proper. There is sincerity.
The origin (the source), its generating power, supremacy, and excellency, is located in the
above and superior (strong, creative, active, right, loving);
It can be of any size (and/or kind).
What is Great is accomplishing. There will be Great good fortune."
Gathered sources: In ancient times of drought, wells were often concealed or protected against
unauthorized use. Here the well is freely visible, and the means for obtaining the water are readily
available. Therefore, the well is there for all. No one is forbidden to take water from it. No matter how
many come, all find what they need, for the well is dependable. It has a spring and never runs dry.
That's why it is a great blessing for the whole land.
The same is true for the superior one, whose inner wealth is inexhaustible. The more that people
draw from him, the greater his wealth becomes.
This line may indicate that one should go on acting in ones natural way.
JLK: Conversely, if one allows the well to be covered, and/or let the association at the center of the
matter at hand be broken or die, then accomplishment is not achieved, and there can be no fortune.
~ Profile
Consequently this line represents sage persons who freely and impartially dispense blessings,
through their deeds, teachings, writings and advice. This brings many benefits and great good

fortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a great humanitarian, in thought, word and deed,
showering many blessings on others, and helping them to develop and prosper. He will also make
gains personally and professionally.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be in a consultant, research, teaching or artistic position
where his work will have much influence on others. He will have a modestly affluent and smooth life.
Never fail to help others when you reasonably can.
Some achievement is presaged. Continue to be sincere and dependent, and you will have good
fortune.

Hexagram 49, Change (the Revolution, the Molding)
- Ge (Ko)
The theme of this hexagram is change, like that of a snake changing its skin, or the chemical and/or
thermal change occurring in something that is being heated above a fire, like when cooking
something, or when molding metal.
The Image says:
"the change; the revolution; the molding; the transformation; the alchemical reaction;
to change ones skin:
The fire heats up the ocean (the lake).

This is the image of change.
The fire creates a change (a revolution) in the ocean (the lake).

The change (of temperature) transforms what lies in the ocean (the lake).
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) taking care of the calendar, regulating his
astronomical calculations, and clarifying the seasons, time and events.
The Great Man will clarify and record the changes as they occur by the calendar (within their
astrological or Universal context);
He will ensure that all and everyone will understand and be clarified about change (the way
that it occurs, and its timing).
JLK: When a change (of things) is required, the Great Man will first operate change in his mind
and heart (in the interior) with the brightness as that of a fire, and then produce (manifest) the
change through exchanging with the Universe (at the exterior);
He will make certain to let the change be in accordance with Heaven's law, and/or the ruling
principle."
JLK: Hex. 49, Change (the Revolution, the Molding), shows a fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness,
projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) below a vast ocean (joy and sadness,
swamps). The fire is heating up (clarifying, energizing or exhausting) the ocean. This will change what
is found (living, and/or occurring) in the ocean (i.e. "things").
Change (revolution, molding) occurs after there has been an encounter. Therefore the conditions and
circumstances of this hexagram are occurring within (or closely related to) the context of hex. 44,
Encountering (the Contact, the Approaching Relationship).
Gathered sources: The water of the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and
openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) extinguishes the fire (illumination,
clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy). If strong (massive)
enough, the fire makes the water evaporate. Opposing forces are involved in the revolution created
by the fire heating up the water. The change in temperature changes what is in the ocean, by which
something new is created.

Thus, this hexagram indicates a time where the forces of "the light" and those of "the darkness" are in
combat.
The seeker becomes master of the transformations if he notices the occurrence of the forces at work,
and its timing, i.e., if he succeeds in creating, or reading, the calendar for the occurrence of the
periods of revolution and transformation.
The Chinese character for this hexagram, in its original sense, indicates an animal's pelt, which is
changed in the course of the year by molting. From this the word is carried over to apply to the
"molting" in political life, the great revolutions connected with changes of governments.
JLK: The impulse (stimulus) of the Great Man operating change in his mind (in the interior) is
symbolized by the lower trigram of the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth,
cutting, activating or draining of energy) manifesting it in the feet, making things move.
The exchange with the outer world, the effects of the first impulse (the heating up by the fire, below),
is symbolized by the upper trigram, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness
and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps).
The original Chinese ideogram used to name this hexagram illustrated the tanning process as it is
done for changing the appearance and functionality of skin into leather (a stronger, more sturdy form
of what preceded).
This hexagram may indicate one should question what about ones being (identity), and/or in what
way ones appearance and/or quality is (was, might, will, or should be) changed, i.e. transformed,
"tanned", and/or influenced, or not, and/or if (or in which way) it is appropriate (righteous, strong,
superior, light, loving) for the matter at hand.
Once something is changed, this means one has eliminated (destroyed) what existed before. Thus,
additionally and/or alternatively, this hexagram may point to the fact that for the matter at hand, there
is (was, might, will, and/or should be) such a destruction (of what is at the center of the matter at
hand, and/or of past circumstances). Depending on the context, this can be good (required), or bad
(to be avoided).
Hex. 49, Ge, is the reverse of hex. 50, the Boiling Pot (Transmutation, the Vessel Rejuvenating),
Ding, and they represent a sequence and/or cycle in themselves, where hex. 49 represents
destruction of what is old, and hex. 50 represents transmutation into what is new. They are so closely
linked that Yi Jing scholars of the past used to call the process they represent "Ding Ge".
The Judgment says:
"Change, revolution, molding, transformation, an alchemical reaction, changing ones skin:
When the circumstances indicated by these have been completed it is believed.
Supreme success.
Determined perseverance in correctness is advantageous.

Regrets vanish.
Heaven and earth operate the revolution, thus they allow for the occurrence of the four
seasons.
Great in truth, is the time of change (the revolution, molding, and/or transformation)."
JLK: It may be that for (or related to) the matter at hand one has to acknowledge that there is a
"revolution" (change, molding, and/or transformation) going on, i.e. change, and/or that one is dealing

with a form of "influence" (that makes things be a certain way). This may mean it's necessary to find a
different (changed) way to deal with things (and/or the matter at hand), and/or to carefully manage
any change that is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring for the matter at hand.
Gathered sources: In most cases it's only after the revolution has taken place, that faith is accorded to
it.
Political revolutions are extremely grave matters. They should be undertaken only under stress of
direst necessity, when there is no other way out. Not everyone is called to this task, but only the man
who has the confidence of the people, and even he only when the time is ripe. He must then proceed
in the right way, so that he gladdens the people and, by enlightening them, prevents excesses.
Furthermore, he must be quite free of selfish aims and must really relieve the need of the people.
Only then does he have nothing to regret.
Times change, and with them their demands. Thus the seasons change in the course of the year. In
the world cycle also there are spring and autumn in the life of peoples and nations, and these call for
social transformations.
Commentary
Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of
energy) is below Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and openness,
refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), and therefore a change is inevitable. Either the
fire will boil away the water of the ocean, or the water of the ocean will extinguish the fire.
Also, Li is the sun and Dui is the West, and the sun in the West denotes the change from day to night.
In a personal sense, the hexagram shows enlightenment (the fire) within and exchange (the ocean, or
lake) without. Thus the potential for nourishing others with clarity (enlightenment) is depicted, and this
is achieved through change.
No action in this respect should be taken unless it is a definite necessity and the time is ripe, and only
by one who is duly qualified and called to the task.
People tend to view change with suspicion. It is only after changes have been successfully
implemented that faith and belief develop in them, through the perseverance and determined
correctness of the leaders.
~ Profile

Lines
"JLK: Change (revolution, molding, transformation, changing skin) is (was, might, will, or
should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when
will be misfortune.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) bound (tied, protected, strengthened, or restrained)
by (what is as) the skin (hide) of a yellow ox.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) bound (held in place, held together,
or strengthened) in (with) a hide (a skin)."
Gathered sources: Here, what occurs is that things are (were, might, will, or should be) as bound
(held together, strengthened) in (with) a skin (a hide, an envelope).
The image is associated to that of a yellow ox (animal strength). The occurrence of a yellow ox can
be particularly positive. It means the hide is bounding, tying, restraining and/or protecting, and that
under the present circumstances this is considered to be fortunate.
This line may therefore indicate that one is kept from - or should not be - taking action, unless one is
as certain of success as one could wish for, and completely comfortable with the action being taken.
If this means that under the (present) circumstances one can not yet take (additional) action, then this
will be advantageous.
Alternatively, if that which is at the center of ones inquiry is bringing about, or is associated with this
(aforementioned) guarantee of success (confidence in general, cooperative association), then this
means it is fortunate to set forth with it.
Changes and actions ought to be undertaken only when there is nothing else left to be done, when
one is confident, perfectly strong and up to the task at hand. Therefore, before any big action or
enterprise, at first the utmost restraint is necessary. One must become firm in one's mind, control
oneself and refrain from doing anything for the time being, because any premature offensive will bring
evil results.
As found in the "site of Yin" text, the original Chinese ideogram "gong" indicating "bound", intimates
the idea of strengthening. This means that the recipient (of the yellow bull’s hide, skin) is
strengthened by (what is as) a formidable dress (a skin, a cloth, a sheet, or something that is covering
and/or ornamenting).
It may (also) mean that one is (able to be) drawing strength from a new insight, or energy.
It can indicate that one may be using what is like "the hide (or skin) of a yellow ox" at ones endeavor,
to tie, protect, strengthen, or restrain. This is necessary, as (what is represented by) this line can not
adapt to its position.
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like a shaman (as) draped in the skin of (what
is as) a totem animal - in this case the skin of (what is as) a yellow bull - which indicates and induces
change. The yellow bull portrays great animal power. Yet if it’s only the bull’s skin (that occurs), the
carcass (the inside) may have been sacrificed to the spirits (or entities) who guide and assist (or

influence) humans.
Here, the change is symbolized and characterized by wearing the skin (the "ways") of a strong and
powerful being.
JLK: In a general way, this line may hold the message that even though one is held in place (as by
the skin of an ox), there is (was, might, will, or should be) an opportunity to strengthen things.
Alternatively, it may point to the fact that one is (was, might, will, or should be) as "tied up" (taken
prisoner) by a certain context (situation). This can turn out favorably, or unfavorably. By making the
best of things in a superior way, there's always some form of advantage to be found.
Since this is the first line of the hexagram, the holding back and strengthening, are occurring related
to the way of moving.
General comment
In this hexagram, line 1 is not only the lowest point of the evolution but is also without a correlate or
outside help, so this man is (and should be) limited in his actions, as if bound by yellow ox-hide.
Yellow is the symbol of the mean, and the ox represents docility.
~ Profile
These persons see many things which need to be changed or corrected, but recognize that change
should only be initiated when no other alternative is available, and only when the circumstances are
right. They will follow the golden mean and have a calm existence, but fate and destiny will not place
these persons in a position to take action. Thus they seem bound.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have much knowledge and ability, and will find satisfactory
positions, but never the ones best suited to him. He will be content, however, since he will have a
modest life free from major difficulties.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will live in lowly surroundings and perform menial or difficult
tasks. He will be quite poor, but he also will have no major difficulties.
All changes must be timely.
Reflect. The time is too early for change. You are still limited in your possible actions, and you are
alone.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) change (revolution, molding,
transformation, changing skin) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary,
Change (revolution, molding, transformation, changing skin) is (was, might, or will be)
When the time is ripe (and/or after some time has passed), one is (was, might, will, or should
be) making ones revolution (changes).
Then (and only by that time), action taken (advancing) is (was, might, or will be) fortunate.
There will be no blame; No mistake; No error."
Gathered sources: "One makes ones changes after some time has passed": what one does will be
the subject of admiration.
One will be taking action, after (some) things have changed and/or when the time is ripe (and not
before, nor too late).
This line indicates blessings (as well expected as unexpected, both thanks to ones own merits, and
some not thanks to ones own merits).
JLK: Alternatively and/or conversely, the occurrence of this line may hold the warning that one is not
making enough effort to change and adapt to the (changing, or changed) circumstances, and/or one
is not questioning ones beliefs, understanding (of how things are and/or work) and/or habits (of
oneself or the others). This occurs even when the time and circumstances are amply ripe for change
and/or questioning things, while these are urgently required in order to progress/advance. In such a
case there can be no advantage, nor progress, and the stagnation may even lead to one disaster
after another.
The reason for this stagnation may be that one is not brave, diligent, and/or honest enough to move
out of ones "comfort zone" (when appropriate and necessary), and/or too much used to a bad
(inferior) way of doing things, and/or to stupidity (lack of intelligence, diligence, compassion, and/or
general awareness).
If you don't question your beliefs, understanding, and habits, how can you expect to evolve, ever?
Take appropriate time for it, and learn about what matters, but when it's right, then change.
If one can be reasonably certain that the change one is (was, might, or will be) effectuating is right,
then all will be in agreement.
General comment
Line 2 is the center of the trigram Li, clarity, which is in the inner position. These persons possess
therefore an inner clarity, and the ability to analyze, to lay strategic plans and to understand cause
and effect. In addition they have a keen sense of timing as to when changes should take place. They
are strong individuals, who will support their ruler or leader through thorough staff work, and in the
execution of approved plans. They are knowledgeable persons of firm character and broad vision.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be an exceptional person who is able to correctly analyze
situations, determine the seeds of the future in present conditions, and wait for the seeds to ripen. He
will be trusted by the ruler and respected by the people. He will be assigned heavy responsibilities,
and will carry out his duties efficiently, effectively and beneficially. He will have a favorable life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be broadminded and kindhearted, handling matters
in a proper and useful manner. He will replace the old with something new at propitious times. He too
will have a favorable life.
Changes must be well thought out.
There is now great potentiality for actions that will bring success. One knows the right time to move
forward, and should maintain a correct inner attitude.
transformation, changing skin) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
will be) occurring.
Advancing (going on, moving) precipitously (too soon) is (was, might, or will be) bringing
misfortune.
In that case, persistence (continuing) leads to danger.
When change has been discussed (considered, and/or weighed) three times, one may act and
will be believed."
JLK: If one has reconsidered the changes that are at the center of the matter at hand several times
(repeatedly, to an adequate degree, i.e. the equivalent of reconsidering things "three times"), then it
will be good to go on (to advance), and one will (and can) be believed.
If one has not reconsidered things with due diligence, and/or with not enough pertinence (not
adequately), then one is not genuinely ready for the change(s) being considered here. In that case
going on (advancing, taking action) will lead to danger.
Alternatively and/or additionally, here it may be that one has reconsidered things several times,
leading to the right decision, yet one may and/or should still continue to reconsidered things, as new
elements and/or insights (understanding) may come up.
~ Profile
Line 3 is a strong line in the right place. Hence this man is inclined to pursue courses of action, but as

this line represents clarity on the wane his actions will tend to be made in haste, and without due
consideration. If this were persisted in, danger would result. On the other hand, where matters have
been fully and carefully deliberated, actions can be commenced with the acceptance and confidence
of others assured.
Throughout their lives, these individuals must beware of the danger of acting hastily in matters facing
them, even though there will be a strong natural tendency to do so. They should train themselves to
act deliberately and only after due consideration, and, as far as possible, obtain strong support in
advance.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will always act in a calm, leisurely and deliberate manner. He
will understand the laws of cause and effect, especially relating to people as individuals and as
members of a group. He will act in a careful, thorough and timely manner, and the results will be
beneficial. He will gain fame and fortune.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will act rashly and hastily most of the time, and as a result
will have many hardships, face frequent difficulties, and fail to establish himself adequately.
Changes must be agreed to by others.
Only thoroughly discussed changes, and those having the support of others, should be made. Work
for the support of others.
transformation, changing skin) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones
Change (revolution, molding, transformation, changing skin) is (was, might, will, or should be)
occurring (and/or required) in (by, with, through) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-
This is showing ones occasion (reasons) for repentance and regrets disappearing.
Let one (and/or what occurs) be believed in;

And, though one is (was, might, will, or should be) changing existing (i.e. the chosen)
ordinances (regulations, laws, orders), there will be good fortune."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will, or should be) changing ones (already) existing (i.e. the
chosen) objectives and/or ordinances (regulations, the way of doing things).
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may hold the advice to change what is being considered

under the occurring circumstances, and/or that what is at the center of what is occurring is showing a
change (in what one was considering). One may have to consult the Yi Jing again, to determine which
of either is (or should be) the case.
Here, a change in ones way of governing (ones way of ruling or, organizing ones life, or household),
brings good fortune. This applies, in general, to every - real or radical - change in ones attitude
towards life.
The "good fortune (even) though one is (was, might, will, or should be) changing the existing
ordinances", is due to the faith reposed in ones aims.
Radical changes require adequate authority. A man must have inner strength as well as influential
position. What he does must correspond with a higher truth and must not spring from arbitrary or
petty motives. Then it brings great good fortune. If a revolution is not founded on such inner truth, the
results are bad, and it has no success. For in the end men will support only those undertakings which
they feel instinctively to be just.
JLK: Under the circumstances, if one is believed (by the others), one will be able to achieve the
change (transformation) that is (was, might, will, or should be) required or pursued.
General comment
The total upward effect of the trigram Li (the fire, enlightenment) is first felt here in line 4, which is in
the position of the minister.
~ Profile
These persons will first prepare themselves adequately for the high positions which they know
intuitively they will attain, and subsequently participate in some major change of grave importance.
They will be responsible for turning the old into the new, and their renovations and changes will bring
good fortune, as a result of both the new rules and their just and beneficial administration of them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a highly developed person of strong and good
character, with a love of what is right and just. He will prepare himself constantly and at some time will
participate in a major renovation of the administration. This will be welcomed by the people and
appreciated by the ruler. He will always be a capable administrator, in both his personal and
professional life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be knowledgeable and magnanimous, and a
successful administrator at a lower level. He will have hardships at first, then a good and easy life. He
will travel considerably.
Be in the right position before trying to carry out reforms.
The time is right for making such changes as have been duly prepared. Act, and success will be
yours.

5
transformation, changing skin) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones

will be advantage.
The Great man (one who, or that which is superior) changes (transforms, adapts), like a tiger
changes his stripes.
Even before one does the divination, one has faith; And one is believed."
Gathered sources: "Even before one does the divination, one has faith": one does not (really) need to
use the divination to take a decision, or form a definite (sincere) opinion.
"The Great man changes (transforms) like a tiger changes his stripes": their beauty becomes more
brilliant.
The skin of a tiger, with its highly visible (black) stripes on a yellow ground, shows its distinct pattern
from afar. It can be the same with the revolution (change, adaptation) brought about by a Great Man
(the superior one): large, clear, guiding lines become visible, and understandable to everyone. That’s
why he need not (even) first do the divination (such as consulting the Yi Jing), for he wins the
spontaneous support of all (the people).
"Even before one does the divination, one has faith; And one is believed": even before doing the
divination (such as consulting the Yi Jing), one has faith (ones notion of what is right).
"One is believed": one can allow believing oneself (or the one who is divining). - "Faith reposes in
him": and (as) in the Yi Jing.
General comment
Line 5 is the ruler of the hexagram, and the changes that this man makes are as dynamic and clear
as the stripes of a tiger. He is so highly developed, both personally and professionally, and
possessing such a degree of innate wisdom and perception, that he does not need to employ
divination in order to know what to correct, how and when to make the corrections, and how to obtain
the necessary support. He acts, and faith is reposed in all he does. Everyone will have confidence in
him. He will be a very strong leader and a highly efficient, effective administrator.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of rare talents. Great responsibilities will be
placed upon him. He will be outstanding, personally and professionally, and his work will be of great
and lasting benefit. He will achieve fame and fortune, and will have a very favorable life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be favored by destiny, and will also have a good life. He
will be a good administrator, making reforms as needed. He will accomplish his desires.

Strong leadership is vital for major changes.
You intuitively know what to do, and will spontaneously win the support of others.
transformation, changing skin) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle,
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) adapting (changing, applying himself) like
a leopard (and/or in every way).
The inferior one adapts (changes, applies) merely his face (the surface, and/or only in part).
Advancing now (and/or going on with what is or was considered) brings misfortune.
Being persevering and constant brings good fortune."
JLK: The image of someone superior who is adapting (and/or changing) like a leopard, illustrates how
under the presently occurring circumstances the superior one is (and/or) fully committed to the task or
matter at hand, while taking adequate cover, and always adapting (and/or changing) in any way that
is necessary in order to succeed.
Likewise, a leopard that is hunting, will commit and apply every inch of its body to succeed, is
endlessly versatile (capable to adapt and/or change), and will never strike from a spot where its prey
can see it. To help it, the spots of its fur provide sufficient camouflage to make it resemble its (natural)
surrounding, and to make the leopard "vanish" from the view, providing a visible pattern that changes
(adapts, or "behaves") in ways that won't arouse suspicion when applied appropriately.
In contrast, the inferior one can not achieve such full commitment, and/or will be unable to do what is
required under the occurring circumstances, which not only demand full commitment and the capacity
to adapt (and/or change), but also require one to be extremely discrete (hidden from the view) and/or
efficient (in many different ways, not merely in a superficial way).
However, here, even for the superior one, and even being fully committed (dedicated), it's not the
right time to advance, and/or going on with what is considered. Instead, this is a time to adapt
(change) to take cover (hide), to perfect (deepen) things (out) in order to succeed, and/or to take
more time to prepare more fully (adequately) for the matter at hand.
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may indicate that one is (was, might, or will be) unable to
function "fully" and/or properly (in a superior way), due to ones health, wealth, and/or resources
having been limited (reduced), wasted, and/or made inferior (weak). This is indicated by the fact that
this is the top line of the top trigram, the ocean. The occurring circumstances are further described in
the 6th line of hex. 58, the Ocean (the Exchange, the Joy and Sadness).
Thus, this line may indicate that one is (was, might, or will be) dealing with a force (entity, and/or an
accumulation of wealth, resources, and/or way of exchanging) that is (was, might, or will be) draining

ones capacity to do (truly) well (and/or succeed with ones objectives), ultimately (in the end). This will
amount to a form of sabotage, which may be intentional or unintentional.
The 6th line represents the head, the leader, ones thinking, the ruling principle, and/or wisdom. Thus,
the sabotage is (was, might, or will be) affecting one in either of these areas. It may indicate reduced
intellectual capabilities, a major (working, functionality) principle that is not respected, and/or a
wisdom principle that is not respected, and that are (all) of major importance for the matter at hand.
Gathered sources: Here, as is often the case with the sixth line, the time for propitious action has (or
will be) passed or has not yet come, and/or one has (or will have) outgrown whatever propitiousness
offered by the circumstances.
In this case this relates to making changes, and/or taking significant action.
If changes are made, and/or action is taken, the superior one (a superior person) will make the
changes or take action with the detailed clarity of a leopard's spots, and with the swiftness of a
leopard, but the inferior one (an inferior person) will merely change his allegiance, and/or takes action
for formality's sake, and/or be too slow.
This means that if one is (or was) considering to advance (to move towards fulfilling a goal) in some
way, the occurrence of this line means it will bring good fortune not to go on, and/or that the right time
to move towards (to do, or go on with) whatever one was considering, has (or will be) passed.
On the other hand. if concerning what is at the center of the matter at hand, change has already
occurred, then this line indicates this is appropriate and the superior way of doing things.
~ Profile
In general, it is best for these persons not to initiate any changes, but rather to follow through those
changes which have already been directed or implemented, in order to derive the maximum benefit.
These persons will be potentially good administrators, but on the whole as technicians rather than
planners or strategists.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of strong executive ability, communicative and
decisive. He will gain a favorable reputation and have a high salary. He will have a reasonably good
life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will often act rashly, and pretend to be an expert or to have
more knowledge than he actually does. This will result in extensive troubles unless he changes his
ways.
After changes have been initiated, work persistently to make them effective.
A superior man can take action, but an inferior man should remain firm. Each in his own way should
be satisfied with what is attainable.

Hexagram 50, the Boiling Pot (Transmutation, the Vessel Rejuvenating)
- Ding (Ting)
The theme of this hexagram is the object, or "vessel", that may be used for an endeavor (a
"sacrifice"), or be the catalyst for it, and the role it plays for the endeavor. The object or vessel is
represented in the image of a boiling pot. The vessel may also consist of a set of circumstances or
events.
The vessel is used to make the ingredients it contains transmute into something entirely different, like
lead becoming gold.
In parallel, it's also about how experience (learning by doing, penetrating) leads to clarity
(enlightenment, understanding). Thus, one is as a "boiling pot" (a vessel) where ones experiences
culminate (result) into (in) rejuvenation (something new, regenerated).
The Image says:
"the boiling pot; the vessel rejuvenating; the rejuvenation;

the vessel used at the sacrificing; the cauldron; the athanor;
the effects of transmutation (change into something entirely different); the thing:
The fire above the wood.

The fire burns (projects) thanks to the wood and the air (the wind).
JLK: Alchemy (transmutation, change into something entirely different) causes an experience
(penetration, confusion, organizing) at a higher location.
What one experiences (and/or what one chooses to retain from an experience) is (was, might,
or will be) the result of choices, actions, and/or (certain) ways of doing things, by oneself as
well as by others.
The time and conditions of "the boiling pot" result in adjusting ones (chosen) destiny (and/or
experience).
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) confirming (and/or consolidating) his own
destiny, keeping his every position correct, by adjusting it adequately and in time, thus
maintaining the secure appointment of Heaven, thanks to applying (using) something (like a
boiling pot, or a vessel, a "ding") that will help or stimulate when sacrificing (acting within the
context of this hexagram), rejuvenating, and/or exchanging.
The Great Man will confirm (consolidate, and/or be aware of) his own destiny (in his persona,
his actions and in his thoughts) as he maintains his position according to the way and will of
Heaven, adequately and in time."
JLK: Hex. 50, the Boiling Pot (Transmutation, the Vessel Rejuvenating), shows wood (the wind, the
banners, the experience) giving support to a fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection,
warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy). The wood feeds the fire, and makes it rise high,
bright, and powerful. The wood will eventually disappear, after having been consumed (exhausted).
But the effect its sacrifice produces, together with that of the fire, will influence things far and wide.

This gives the idea of transmutation, a complete change (of things), not merely on the surface. One
uses a boiling pot (an athanor) to bring about transmutation. This is like when cooking something to
the point of changing it entirely. This can be good, or bad, useful, or useless.
A boiling pot (transmutation, a vessel rejuvenating), and the effects it produces, will be occurring in (or
closely related to) a context of resoluteness and/or an angry outburst, as described by inner hex. 43,
the Resoluteness (the Angry Outburst, the Settling of a Decision).
The alchemical concept of transmutation is a that of change, like that of lead changing into gold.
While hex. 49, Change (the Revolution, the Molding), shows a change of "skin", a change on the
surface or in form, and/or in the appearance of things, the change of hex. 50 is complete (fully); One
obtains something entirely new.
Gathered sources: What occurs finds an analogy in what is called here "the boiling pot". The boiling
pot represents "the vessel". It embodies that which is occurring and which is used as a help to
effectuate an endeavor, or which is the catalyst for it. Its alchemical analogy is that of the athanor.
JLK: In a general way, this hexagram indicates the occurrence of an experience (symbolized by the
lower trigram, the wood) that is the result of actions (due to energy, warmth, symbolized by the upper
trigram, the fire) by oneself, others, and/or that which is at the center of the matter at hand, that have
been determining ones (their, its) destiny, and the transmutation (a complete change) this produces.
An Ultimate form of this as realized by Indian masters is called "samadhi". It refers to ultimate and full
union with the divine. In Tibetan, "ting" also signifies a "cauldron" or "boiling pot", while its secondary
meaning is precisely, "samadhi".
The hexagram's configuration with its lower trigram, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and
and its upper trigram, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting,
activating or draining of energy), symbolizes how, through exchange (as symbolized by the inner
upper trigram, the ocean) it transforms metal (occurring in the inner lower trigram) into a Ding, a
boiling pot that can be used for further transformation and manifestation.
The upper fire trigram also contains the "handles" (see the commentary of the upper lines). Thus
transformation power, and ability to handle things are at the center of the matter. The fire nourishes
itself on the wood and wind. It also allows (is necessary) for getting "a handle" on things. Vice versa,
one uses the wood / the wind (an organism, a way of organizing) to feed the fire.
Similarly, an idea (symbolized by the fire) manifests ("radiates", projects) into reality (the wood as
lower trigram, the metal as inner lower trigram, the ocean/exchange in the upper inner trigram place),
i.e. on a lower place.
Conversely, one may have to deal with the negative aspects of such a manifestation, where the fire
(illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) can
exhaust things.
Hex. 50, the Boiling Pot (Transmutation, the Vessel Rejuvenating), Ding, is the reverse of hex. 49,
Change (the Revolution, the Molding), Ge, and they represent a sequence and/or cycle in
themselves, where hex. 49 represents destruction of what is old, and hex. 50 represents what is new.
They are so closely linked that Yi Jing scholars of the past used to call the process they represent
"Ding Ge".
Gathered sources: The wood trigram (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly
organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) is below, while the fire
trigram (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of
energy) is above. Together they stand for the flame kindled by wood and wind, which likewise

suggests the idea of preparing food. It therefore also suggests the creation (and not merely the
occurrence) of wealth.
The wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society,
the justice system, banners, the experience) allows the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness,
projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) to burn (illuminate, clarify).
The wood is the destiny of the fire. While there is wood the fire will burn. Thus, the fate of fire
depends on the wood. As long as there is wood below, the fire burns above.
The same occurs in human life. The superior one confirms (his) destiny, by adjusting his position; His
(way of) life. Besides external sources there is in every human a "destiny" that gives an energy or a
direction to life. When one succeeds in giving the right place to life and destiny, one confirms destiny
by tuning life towards it, as to let the energies of destiny be used to its full advantage.
The endeavor works out like a rejuvenation. Hence the subname for this hexagram: the Vessel
Rejuvenating. This hexagram may in some cases also be a reference to the practice of yoga or other
physical and spiritual health practice, the way to proceed with it, and the life strengthening effects
obtained from it.
The wise, who understands that his or her fate will depend on the way one will behave, is guided by
the inner light, as it gets projected by the fire, that which is illuminating and igniting what one feels (on
a higher ground). This indicates one is looking at things in a realistic, as well as in a religious way. By
adapting what is earthly to what is spiritual, by analyzing the "lights in the waters" (the indications),
the wise can rejoice in prosperity and grow spiritually.
Sometimes something extremely undesirable can only "vanish" or go away, thanks to the capacities
of "the boiling pot": by fixing, heating, combining, isolating, teasing, burning, exhausting or
enlightening, or something alike. The divination, anticipating and being persevering, will be able to
help, as well as be able to stimulate in such situation.
Surely, if this is the case, the opposite can occur as well: then, divination, anticipation and
perseverance will help to attract, and/or project (manifest) what will bring joy, sincerity, faith, fortune
and enlightenment, though it might as well lead to exhaustion.
The six lines of the hexagram give the image of Ding, the Boiling Pot: at the bottom are the legs (line
1), over them the calves (and belly - line 2), then come the hips (the ears, the handles - lines 3 and
4), and at the top the mouth and the head, with the carrying rings (lines 5 and 6). At the same time,
the image suggests the idea of nourishment. The Ding, cast of bronze, was the vessel that held the
cooked viands (meat) in the temple of the ancestors and at banquets. The head of the family served
the food from the Ding into the bowls of the guests.
Hex. 48, the Well (the Source, the Association), likewise has the secondary meaning of giving
nourishment, but rather more in relation to the people. The Ding, of hex. 50, as a utensil pertaining to
a refined civilization, suggests the fostering and nourishing of able men, which redounded to the
benefit of the state.
This hexagram, the Boiling Pot, and hex. 48, the Well, are the only two in the Book of Changes that
represent concrete, man-made objects. Yet here too the thought has its abstract connotation.

The Judgment says:
"A boiling pot, rejuvenation, a vessel used at the sacrificing, a cauldron, transmutation, the
thing:
What is described by these will be the origin of good fortune, Great progress and success.
Offering a sacrifice, an exchange or a rejuvenation.
Like a God looking at what will come out of the vessel or "the boiling pot":
The truth is shaped by the way of reaching destiny.
The boiling pot helps anticipating this; Remember!!
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) making his light and inner truth great,
stable, and gently open (receptive) to positive change, and what will come out of the "Ding"
(the boiling pot);
By letting himself be guided this way, he is reliable in his choices, actions, and ways of doing
things, and will know reasonably well about what is (was, might, will, or should be) going into
the "Ding" (the boiling pot), and what may be expected to come out of the "Ding" (the boiling
pot);
He will do this to produce the right content, context, and/or way(s) to realize his purpose (goal,
endeavor, mission).
An inferior one can't do that, and what will come out of the boiling pot will be a matter of trial
and error for him, and/or the result of old practices that are stuck and unimaginative (not
creative, not bright).
In time: happy and adequately moving and exchanging.
Early, and at the beginning, don't overlook any of the "things", or ingredients that (must or
must not) go in, or with, the boiling pot, the Ding, or "the thing"."
Gathered sources: The "boiling pot" indicates Great, ongoing, cohesive joy, as well as sadness and
also eternal success. There is hidden splendor and supremacy.
There is always a risk of one being immobilized or stuck, involuntarily or by surprise. Destiny, the
energies of what has been, shapes what is occurring: ones fate.
While hex. 48, the Well (the Source, the Association), where the wood trigram occurs below the water
trigram, relates to the social foundation of our life, and this foundation is likened to the water that
serves to nourish growing wood, the present hexagram refers to the cultural superstructure of society.
Here, where the wood trigram occurs below the fire trigram, it is the wood that serves as nourishment
for the flame, the spirit. All that is visible must grow beyond itself, extend into the realm of the
invisible. Thereby it receives its true consecration and clarity and takes firm root in the cosmic order.
Under the circumstances indicated by this hexagram we see civilization as it reaches its culmination
in religion (metaphysical awareness). The Ding serves in offering sacrifice to the Creator. The highest
earthly values must be sacrificed to the divine. But the truly divine does not manifest itself apart from
man. The supreme revelation of the Creator appears in prophets and holy men. To venerate them is
true veneration of the Creator. The will of the Creator, as revealed through them, should be accepted
in humility. This brings inner enlightenment and true understanding of the world, and it leads to great
good fortune and success.
JLK: If one is in a position to be such a man, let's one's superior light and inner truth be great, and
stable, gently open to positive change.

Commentary
The Ding was a tripodal vessel of bronze with two handles, used in ancient times primarily for
sacrificial rituals. It is a symbol of spiritual power and an emblem of imperial power.
~ Profile
The hexagram, being composed of fire over wood, signifies purification of the self and an unlimited
spiritual nourishing of others. The highest earthly values are sacrificed in the support and the fostering
of divine purposes, and this is what these individuals should strive to emulate. The controlling lines
begin with the emptying of oneself to make room for the good, and progress to the apex where the
good is dispensed with the blessing of Heaven.
The sixty-four hexagrams cover all aspects of life, and this one primarily deals with the mental and
spiritual development of oneself and others, and is considered one of the more important hexagrams
from the point of view of acting in accordance with the plan of Heaven. This is not a separate career,
per se, but a seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day activity.
Those who have this as their natal hexagram will have a special purpose in connection with matters
of spiritual development. Some will be involved visibly and others will be active behind the scenes.
They may be found in almost any worldly career.
Lines
"JLK: A boiling pot (transmutation, rejuvenation, the cauldron, the thing) is (was, might, will,
or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when
The Ding (boiling pot, transmutation, rejuvenation) is (was, might, will or should be) turned
around.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will or should be) as a boiling pot (a cauldron, a tripod, a
sacrificial vessel, rejuvenation) that is (was, might, will or should be) (as) turned around.
There is (was, might, or will be) advantage in getting rid of what was bad in it (the spoiled
and/or rotten meat).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) taking a concubine (a servant, and/or aid)
for the sake of bearing sons (progeny, life bearing results).
As a result, a concubine’s (the servant’s, or aid's) position is improved by means of her son
(progeny, life bearing results).
Gathered sources: That which is like "the boiling pot" (the "vessel", or "thing" used at the sacrifice,
that which is occurring) is turned upside down (such as) to remove the inside, which is (as) rotten (or
old, putrefied, deteriorated).
"A boiling pot turned around": even though at first this may seem inappropriate (as it's not the way a

pot is normally meant to be used), here (under the occurring circumstances) it's not (entirely) contrary
to what is right, and (here, actually) has its (beneficial) uses.
"There will be advantage in getting rid of what was bad": thereby the subject of the line will follow
his/her apparently noble correlate.
JLK: The fact that there is (was, might, or will be) advantage in getting rid of "what was bad", may
mean one first has to remove (from the pot, or as related to the pot) what was bad, before one is able
to go on, and/or that one will in the end have to remove what was (or will be) bad (rotten), in order to
associate with what is noble (right, creative, good, love). Both can be the case under the occurring
circumstances.
The image of the "pot having been turned around" may also illustrate that one should take things (as)
from "the other side", i.e. from a different angle (the "other" angle, and/or perspective). Most people
all too easily forget to think of how things are perceived by the other(s). If one is not considerate
enough towards others, their interests and/or position, one risks getting "overthrown", and/or
removed, oneself.
This line may also point to a "spoiled" situation or position which one should get rid of.
Gathered sources: This might indicate how one rids oneself of old and rigid ideas or concepts. Some
actions that would seem inappropriate, still might be very considerate, responsible, and in accordance
with the circumstances. That is why it is not good to have very rigid, or blind ideas, about what is good
and bad.
This can indicate how a woman (a concubine, a small person, a servant, the receptive, or "the small")
enters into a (new and better) relation; Or, on the opposite, how a man (the creative, the Great) will
have a concubine to improve the situation. The fruit of this will be her son (her child, progeny, life
bearing results, or "that which will be created").
Here there is nothing wrong in taking a woman who is (as) a servant (a concubine), in order to obtain
a son (and/or to realize progress).
Similarly, here, there is nothing wrong to take recourse to a solution that might not seem to be ideal,
or of a superior nature (as long as it is in accordance with what is right and good), in order to realize
ones goals.
Neither is there anything wrong in turning the boiling pot (the "vessel", or "that which is occurring")
"upside down", in order to remove what has "rotten" (even if this might not be the most "ideal" way to
resolve things). These actions can be necessary to pursue and realize what is pure, and noble
General comment
The two images have different meanings but are equally applicable. In the first instance, that which is
old and useless must be removed in order to make room for something new and more beneficial to
enter in. A man's mind will not accept two divergent ideas simultaneously. In the second instance, it is
set forth that if the motive for an action is right then the action itself will be right. A vital part of a man's
immortality, according to the Chinese, is the continuation of his lineage, which can only be achieved
by having sons. Thus, taking a concubine for the sake of having a son is not wrong.
While the previous hexagram dealt primarily with changes in the physical realm, this one is concerned
more with the mental realm.

~ Profile
Teachers, artists and literati are depicted here.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will cultivate virtue, learning and techniques of communication.
He will rise early in his career and establish a favorable, influential reputation. His later life will be very
beneficial and fruitful.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will face hardships early in life, with conditions slowly
improving. He will leave home and travel considerably, and will gain some wealth but will fail to
achieve fame. He may marry several times in order to have an heir.
Get rid of useless material.
Anyone with good ideas can achieve success. Get rid of any that have not been helpful to you, and
replace them with new ideas.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) a boiling pot (transmutation,
rejuvenation, the cauldron, the thing) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the
A boiling pot (transmutation, rejuvenation, the cauldron, the thing) is (was, might, or will be)
will be advantage.
The Ding (boiling pot, transmutation, rejuvenation) is (was, might, will, or should be) having
highly valuable food in it;
One (what occurs) is as a boiling pot (a cauldron, a tripod, a sacrificial vessel, transmutation,
rejuvenation) that is (was, might, will, or should be) holding the (highly valuable) nourishment
to be used for the sacrifice (the occasion).
If one is (was, might, will be) in the position to say (i.e. if one can say): "My enemies glare at
me, glowing enviously, but I can not be moved ahead to bear upon myself their injurious
influence.", in that case there will be good fortune.
Attentively and carefully considering things will allow for everything to be put in their right
place and order.
What is accompanying and enlightening (what is at hand) might bear injury;

If not anticipated, one is to bear (with) this.
What matters is completing without surpassing, being overbearing and/or overdoing

something."
JLK: Ones (own) vessel (the "Ding", or "thing" at the center of the matter at hand) contains valuable
substance (that is to be used for sacrifices), while that which is (was, might, or will be) accompanying
one (that which is at the exterior, or that which is occurring and/or exhausting) is (was, might, or will
be) harmful, under the occurring circumstances.
At present, it is good to be serious and concentrate on what one finds of value and substance in
oneself (and/or the "Ding, the "thing"), instead of looking for support from what accompanies one
(and/or which lies at the exterior).
Moving outwards and/or engaging in conflict can be injurious.
Moving inwards and/or finding peace will bring good fortune.
If one is finding peace, one can know (understand, see) that one is (was, might, or will be) on the right
track to deal with the situation at hand.
General comment
Another law of mental life is expressed here, i.e. that when a man is full of faith, that which he
believes will tend to be realized. This is the next step in personal mental cultivation after the old has
been removed. This line implies great determination, positive hope, and a true ability to concentrate,
which are three attributes common to all Great men.

Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have positive goals, strong determination, and great
powers of concentration. He will have a noble character and will work for the betterment of himself
and others. He will be in a high position, with heavy and far-reaching responsibilities, and will be an
important figure in his nation and the world. He will have an active and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will also be a magnanimous, sincere, honest and upright
person, with keen mental faculties. He will serve others well, and will have a more than ample income
for himself and his family. He will be envied by others.
Be full of positive faith and thoughts.
You can be of benefit to others today and it is right that you should, even though it may create some
envy.
rejuvenation, the cauldron, the thing) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
will be) occurring.
The Ding (boiling pot, transmutation, rejuvenation) is (was, might, will or should be) having
changed (new) handles.
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) as a boiling pot (a cauldron, a tripod, a
sacrificial vessel, transmutation, rejuvenation) with changed handles (and/or with a different
way of handling): this is what makes it difficult to move (handle) it.
There is (was, might, will, or should be) a delay (in ones progress) due to a small negligence (a
small mistake, or error).
The fat flesh of (what is like) the pheasant inside is (was, might, or will be) not (yet) eaten;
But the genial rain will come, and ones grounds for regret, and repentance, will disappear.
There will be good fortune in the end.
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, things are (were, might, will, or should be) changed. To
handle the situation, one must change the way one holds (manages) the object (the Ding) at the
center of the matter at hand.
If one anticipates these changes, one is on the right track, but one is bound to make some small
mistake(s) due to ones inexperience with the new situation and/or way(s) to handle things. This can
lead one to miss (what is like) the fat flesh of (what is like) the pheasant inside.
However, in the end blessings will come, as illustrated by the nourishing (and/or purifying) rain, and
things will end with good fortune.

Gathered sources: That which is (was, might, or will be) like "the boiling pot" (the cauldron, the tripod,
the "vessel" or the "thing" used at the sacrifice, that which is - was, might, or will be - occurring)
appears (as) with its "ears" (or "handles", "that which allows a hold", or "grip" on things) changed (or
taken away, broken): one is (was, might, or will be) failing to see (or understand) what is (was, might,
or will be) required of it (or of one).
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) at risk of neglecting ones duty (or purpose). One is
(was, might, or will be) failing to act in accordance with the circumstances, which is indicated by the
fact that "the fat of the pheasant (inside) is (was, might, or will) not (be) eaten."
Ones progress (movement) is (was, might, or will be) stopped, or delayed (the progress of what
occurs is - was, might, or will be - stopped, or delayed). But suddenly there will be "rain" (indicating
blessings), ones regrets will disappear, and there will be fortune at the end.
The handle is the means for lifting up the Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation). If the handle is altered, the
Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) cannot be lifted up and used, and, sad to say, the delicious food in it,
such as pheasant fat, cannot be eaten by anyone.
This may describe a man who, in a highly evolved civilization, finds himself in a place where no one
notices or recognizes him. This is a severe block to his effectiveness. All of his good qualities and
gifts of mind thus needlessly go to waste. But if he will only see to it that he is possessed of
something truly spiritual, the time is bound to come, sooner or later, when the difficulties will be
resolved and all will go well. The fall of rain symbolizes here, as in other instances, release of tension.
General comment
Line 3, a part of the body of the Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation), does not receive help from line 5, the
ears, so it is as if the ears have been altered. Consequently, the sacrificial food is not available for
eating. Gradually line 6 gains the strength to overcome line 5, and help line 3. Once this is done the
situation clears, as after rain, and regrets disappear. Thus good fortune comes in the end. The
concepts involved in this line are, first that, in the mental realm as in the physical, to every action
there is a reaction, and, second, that every thought or idea brings about a corresponding physical
reaction.
~ Profile
This person is confused and hampered in his progress by erroneous thinking. Through continued
effort his mind will gradually clear, and his life and development will then become stable, beneficial
and rewarding.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will devote much energy in his early life to self-development
and self-improvement without having a specific external goal, and hence will not have a basis from
which to grow until he sees his error and makes the necessary changes in his life, which will then
improve.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): His life will be full of hardships and difficulties. He may even use
immoral means to attain his aims. Later he will reform, and with his altered attitude begin to achieve
something worthwhile.
One's every thought produces a reaction.

You are not getting the recognition and support you need. Reassess your ideas. Something a little
better will bring you good fortune.
rejuvenation, the cauldron, the thing) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones
A boiling pot (transmutation, rejuvenation, the cauldron, the thing) is (was, might, will, or
The legs (the foundation, the basis) of the Ding (boiling pot, transmutation, rejuvenation) are
(were, might, or will be) broken.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) as a boiling pot (a cauldron, a tripod, a sacrificial
vessel, transmutation, rejuvenation) that doesn't keep its balance.
The prince's (the Duke's, and/or the ruler's) meal is (was, might, or will be) spoiled and his
person soiled.
One is (was, might, or will be) made to blush for shame.
Misfortune."
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) failing to follow-up on things (to clarify, understand,
and/or energize them) in a way that is appropriate, due to what one holds in ones heart (emotions),
and what one wishes to be true, but isn't (i.e. due to wishful thinking). One may have been put off-
balance, because of not understanding something (as it may not yet be in sight, and/or experienced).
This doesn't necessarily mean that all is failing or wasted. Something (part) of what is at hand
(activity, creativity, and exchange) will succeed (remain), but not all of it. Just as when a pot breaks
and spills its content, not all of the content necessarily gets lost when some of it can be saved.
Gathered sources: Through gross carelessness (and/or oversight), one (what occurs) is (was, might,
or will be) not only losing something, but also creating additional trouble for oneself.
JLK: The basis (or foundation) of what is at the center of the matter at hand is broken (and/or
compromised).
This may indicate that the problems that (may) occur are caused because one is (was. might, or will
be) using old (and/or rigid) ideas (beliefs) and methods (principles, supports) which ought to be
replaced.
Something about the foundation of what is at the center of the matter at hand (the Ding's legs) should
have been removed (changed, adapted) before causing the problems occurring here. This is
expressed in the 1st line, which shows a Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) having been turned around
to remove what is spoiled (rotten, decayed).
The image of the legs of the Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) that are broken show how the foundation

of what is at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, or will be) not providing the support
needed (anymore). This may be due to an accident, carelessness, or erosion. Things should have
been remedied before the present situation came to be.
This line is in the 4th position, which represents the heart, the emotions. Here, one may be like a
"boiling pot", literally with emotions that are "boiling", but with a foundation (basis, grounding) that is
broken, which make it fall over, causing the content to be spilled, while soiling the prince (the Duke,
the ruler, an authority and/or prominent entity). This is (was, might, or will be) unfortunate and
humiliating. It is a result of not having done what's necessary to avoid problems at an earlier stage, by
oneself, or the one in charge of (managing, manipulating, and/or influencing) the Ding (boiling pot,
rejuvenation).
Spilling the food is unfortunate and humiliating, but it is a consequence of earlier actions (ones own
and/or that of others), and unavoidable at this stage.
Gathered sources: The fourth line is the position of the minister, who ought to disseminate
nourishment to the people and support the ruler. In this case he does not receive the support of line 1,
as indicated by the legs of the Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) being broken. In serving alone, the
minister is inept, and spills the food in the Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) over the prince.
As far as mental activity is concerned, this implies that ideas must have a sound foundation in order
to be useful, and also that the longer an idea remains in the mind the more opposition there will be to
its replacement. The actions of the minister (the negotiator) are ill considered, and since the actions
are wrong, the attitude of mind behind them is wrong also. He is using old ideas and methods which
ought to be replaced. If this person does not exercise due forethought, misfortune will result.
The master said: "Virtue small and office high; Wisdom small and plans Great; Strength small and
burden heavy: where such conditions exist, it is seldom that they do not end in misfortune and evil. As
is said in the Yi: "The feet of the boiling pot (cauldron, tripod) are overthrown, and the ruler's food is
overturned. The body of him who is thus indicated is wet: there will be misfortune resulting in evil."
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will hold a high position, but will employ obsolete ideas and/or
unsuitable persons for the advancement of his country. This will result in opposition, much bickering,
and other troubles. While having ample means to meet his personal needs, he will not be happy or
satisfied with his life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be in a high administrative position and will use his
mental powers for evil purposes and personal gains. He will frequently rely on force rather than
persuasion, and will have an unstable personal and professional life.
One must have foundations to be useful.
Beware of negligence today, so that an opportunity for progress is not lost.

5
rejuvenation, the cauldron, the thing) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with)

advantage.
The Ding (boiling pot, transmutation, rejuvenation) is (was, might, will or should be) (as)
having yellow (golden) handles (and/or rings).
sacrificial vessel, transmutation, rejuvenation) with yellow (golden) handles (and/or fitted with
golden carrying rings).
There is (was, might, or will be) profit in the divination, anticipation, and in being firm and
persevering."
JLK: The golden handles of the Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) are there so that the Ding (boiling pot,
rejuvenation) can be moved and/or manipulated. The Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) can thus be
moved where one wishes it to be, and/or used the way that suits ones purpose.
The handles are not only sturdy - as they're made of metal - they are also magnificently beautiful,
made of gold, symbolizing all that is noble.
This image may hold the advice that one is (was, might, will, or should be) in control of the matter at
hand. However, one should carefully decide and/or understand what one wishes to achieve, and in
which direction one wishes to move the Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) to. No matter how beautiful
and/or effective the Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) and/or its handles may be, if one doesn't know
what to do with it, it's of no use. Or in other words: things are what one makes of them. This line may
therefore (also) hold the advice to take appropriate control of things.
Since the main theme of this hexagram is that of the "boiling pot" (the cauldron), and since the 5th
line also represents what is used as nourishment, not only should one take control of where and how
to move things, one should also be very careful about what one decides to put into it, and what to use
it for. No matter how beautiful the boiling pot, if one decides to put poison into it, only something
poisonous (corrupting) will come out. Therefore, one should make sure to use the best possible
ingredients (elements, methods) for the matter at hand.
Questioning ones actions is (was, might, or will be) beneficial, if appropriate, controlled, and in good
measure.
Alternatively and/or conversely: This line may indicate that one should question if what is at the center
of the matter at hand has the required "excellence", and/or "golden" quality, like the handles of the
Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation) of the image. Is it appropriate and "excellent" ("golden", "sturdy",
"maniable"), or isn't it?
Gathered sources: Line 5 is correctly placed and duly supported. Yellow implies following the golden
mean. The golden rings imply that one's actions are particularly effective.
From the point of view of mental activity, this line points to the fact that imagination is more powerful
than knowledge when dealing with one's own mind or with the minds of others.

Firm correctness is essential, in order for good and not evil to result, especially when influencing the
minds of others, as is done by leaders.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of noble character and great virtue, and wise in
the ways to handle men. He may be employed in the government of his country or to negotiate for his
country, and he will be an example well worth emulating. He will be trusted by the leaders, and
respected by his associates and by the people. He will have a rich and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be an honest, noble person, good at communicating
with people, and of benefit to any enterprise with which he associates. He will have a good and
prosperous household and business, and will have much good fortune.
Imagination is more powerful than knowledge.
You are free from the mistakes and errors of the past few days, and are now on a beneficial course.
rejuvenation, the cauldron, the thing) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle,
The Ding (boiling pot, transmutation, rejuvenation) is (was, might, or will be) having jade
handles (and/or rings).
sacrificial vessel, transmutation, rejuvenation) with jade handles (and/or fitted with jade
carrying rings).
When (and/or for) handling (and/or managing) it (and/or things), there will be Great good
fortune, and action taken will be in every way advantageous."
JLK: The image of this line shows a boiling pot (transmutation, rejuvenation, the cauldron, the thing)
with rings made of (what is as) jade.
In order to address (and/or focus on) a problem, one needs some kind of handle on things, a way to
seize things and get a grip on them. This is like being able to use the rings of a boiling pot to move it
around.
For the matter at hand, not only are there (or should there be) handles (and/or rings), they are (or
should be) made of "jade", which means they are not only sturdy, but beautiful and elegant, as well as
efficiently protective (insulating) against the heat of the boiling pot.
Thus, this line may hold the advice to use (find, or create) such "jade handles" to move (handle,
and/or manage) "the boiling pot" occurring at the center of the matter at hand, or it may point to the

fact that this will be the result of what is presently occurring.
Alternatively, this line may hold the warning that if one doesn't know (oneself) how to make use of the
"jade rings" (presently available) to move (handle) "the boiling pot", and/or fails to use them, then
others will (not necessarily to ones advantage), which may constitute a missed opportunity.
Conversely, this line may warn against not having "jade handles" (and/or rings) available for dealing
with the matter at hand. In that case, there can be no advantage (to anyone).
Gathered sources: That which is like "the boiling pot" (the "vessel" or "thing" used at the sacrifice, that
which is occurring) has rings (as made) of jade.
The "yellow rings" are at the very top: the strong and the weak line meet in their due proportions.
Everything is advantageous.
In the preceding line the carrying rings are described as golden, to denote their strength. Here they
are said to be of jade. Jade is notable for its combination of hardness with soft luster. This counsel, in
relation to the man who is open to it, works greatly to his advantage.
Here the counsel is described in relation to the sage who imparts it. In imparting it, he will be mild and
pure, like precious jade. Thus the work finds favor in the eyes of the Creator, who dispenses great
good fortune, and becomes pleasing to men, wherefore all goes well.
~ Profile
A truly wise person renders service to his leader and nourishes the people, just as the rings serve a
Ding (boiling pot, rejuvenation). Jade is hard, pure and valuable, and possesses a soft luster, thus
signifying that this person possesses an exceptionally beneficial quality of leadership in what is
desirable and right. This is enhanced by a love of people, which shows itself in penetrating
consideration and tolerance. On the mental plane, this line indicates that the finest actions spring
naturally from a perfected, conscious inner self. Those depicted here will be among the most highly
developed individuals in the world, and will exert a beneficial influence wherever they are.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be exceptionally wise in leading, guiding, and
understanding people. He will be a man of great virtue, thoughtful and communicative. Everything will
go his way, and he will be of great benefit to others. He will have a rich and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be fine and noble, but will live in seclusion, helping
others indirectly, through ideas, writings and philanthropy. He also will have a highly satisfying life.
All external influences begin within.
The circumstances are entirely favorable, and the work being done is in accordance with the will of
Heaven. Good fortune.

Hexagram 51, the Thunder (the Movement, the Arousing)
- Zhen (Chên)
The theme of this hexagram is movement, shock, awakening and arousal, like that provoked by the
thunder.
The Image says:
"the thunder; the movement; the arousing; the awakening; the shock; the stirring up;
the sudden; the displacement; the release of explosive energy; the ignition;
the consequences:
Several waves of shocks and sounds.

This is the image of the repeating thunder.
Stirring up; Laughter; Fear; Speech; A noise:

the sounds of excitement, awakening, movement, and arousal.
JLK: Movement upon movement; The movement within the movement.

Arousal upon arousal; The arousal within the arousal.
Movement causes (ignites) movement. Arousal causes (ignites) arousal.
The thunder carries as far as a hundred to fifty miles, or less, depending on the amount of
loss, absorption, integration and the capacity to guide what is a "current" (a charge, tension,
electricity).
There is (was, might, will, or should be) no loss of the spoon, nor of (the) sacrificial liquor.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) cleaning the house (within), and is
studying his own shortcomings, improving himself, in fear and terror of what can move, strike
and shock like thunder.
JLK: Everything is connected.

One thing is (was, might, or will be) leading into another.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) learning (understanding) from, and/or
is (was, might, will, or should be) directed by (steered by, set in motion by, awakened by) a
sequence of events.
The Great Man will show the answers to the greatest questions in the smallest of occurrences
(what is small, weak, passive, receptive, evil), and those to the smallest questions in the
Greatest of occurrences (what is Great, strong, active, creative, good, loving);
Like those revealed in the clapping of (small) hands, and that of thunder and (Great) shock.
The Shuo Kua: God comes forth in (manifests himself in, operates through, stimulates
through) the sign of the thunder (the movement, the arousing)."
JLK: Hex. 51, the Thunder (the Movement, the Arousing), shows the image of thunder (arousal,

shock, movement, consequences) upon thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), which
gives the idea of awakening and movement.
Sooner or later, thunder (movement, arousal, consequences) will face obstacles and obstruction
(and/or occur in a context of) obstacles (obstruction, opposition), as described in the inner hex. 39,
the Obstacle (the Obstruction, the Opponent).
The thunder shows (embodies) the principle of causality: a chain (sequence) of events, one thing
causing another. Thunder always unchains in (ignites) a series of bangs (shocks, flashes, sparkles),
even when rapidly decreasing in intensity. Likewise, movement causes (ignites) (more, new)
movement, arousal causes (ignites) (more, new) arousal, and shock causes (ignites) (more, new)
shocks.
Since thunder shows (embodies) the principle of causality, it shows the effects (impact,
consequences) it has on all that lies within the reach of its influence. Thus thunder shows life
regenerating stimulation.
The thunder shows (manifests, expresses) the power of God (the Big Spirit, the mega-
consciousness), "Heaven's law", and/or the "ruling principle".
The thunder (movement, arousing, shock) reveals the supreme and extraordinary power and/or
importance (impact) of life (the water, the incalculable, the difficulties, the danger, the memory). The
water trigram appears as the upper inner trigram. The occurrence of thunder (movement, arousing,
shock) is closely associated with the appearance of water (liveliness, danger, difficulties) in the form
of rain falling down and nourishing the land. The water of the rain has sympathetic resonance. It
"reflects" (mirrors, reproduces, and/or reacts to) what it resonates with (and/or what it's influenced
by). The occurrence of thunder can be stimulating (bringing regeneration), or it can be terrifying
(bringing fear), or both.
Alternatively and/or additionally it shows the power of mantra, the repetition of a word or a short
phrase (an expression of feelings, or a certain experience). It stimulates a reaction of sympathetic
resonance (symbolized by the water, the upper inner trigram). This can occur so that the effect is
good, or to the effect it is bad. Thus, this hexagram can represent the repetition of a vibration (feeling,
and/or expression), a "vibe", and the giving in to a vibration (feeling, and/or expression), a "vibe".
The power (shock, arousal) of (by) the thunder shows the power of nature (life), and the way it
influences all it has an impact (influence) on. Its shock (boom of sound, resonance, movement) and
electric discharge (ignition) causes movement (arousal, awakening) in all of nature (liveliness, the
Universe) that is within its reach.
Gathered sources: The hexagram Zhen, the Thunder (the Movement, the Arousing), represents the
1st (or eldest) son, who seizes rule with energy and power. A yang line develops below two yin lines
and presses upward forcibly. This movement is so violent that it arouses terror. It is symbolized by
thunder, which bursts forth from the earth and by its shock causes fear and trembling.
The shock of continuing thunder (arousal, movement, consequences) brings fear and trembling. The
superior one is always filled with reverence at the manifestation of God. He sets his life in order and
searches his heart, lest it harbor any secret opposition to the will of God. Thus reverence is the
foundation of true culture.
Likewise, one can be stuck or immobilized by adversity after adversity, yet the wise one will only be
stimulated, and inspired to introspection, looking for ones own strengths as well as ones own
weaknesses, which will allow for one to take appropriate action, in time, after which order can (re-)
occur.
No loss of spoon, nor of sacrificial liquor, also indicates "that which is of major importance, relevance
or of spiritual consistency" (including money), is (was, is, might, or should) not (be) lost, nor given

away; Not lost: not by itself nor "by the spoon", liquor, or other way of sacrificing or spiritualizing.
The original (ancient) Chinese ideogram for "zhen", combines the radical "yu", and the phonetic
"zhen".
"Yu", here, stands for rain. It represents the blessings that can not be missed, and that fall follow a
Heavenly pattern (or rhythm, falling periodically, or regularly).
"Zhen" represents the third month [April - May]. It is the period between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m., in its use
as the 5th early branch in Chinese astrology.
It can (also) be seen as symbolizing a woman bending over, hiding her sex (as hiding her period, or
menstruation). It is what may indicate the idea of time, era, or "period". Or in other words: there is a
right time for everything.
As a celestial mark, "zhen" archaically may have represented the tail of a dragon, which therefore is
the animal associated with the trigram zhen, which represents the thunder. Differently, in hex. 1, the
Light (the Creative, the Active), and hex. 2, the Earth (the Receptive, the Passive), the dragon (fully)
is used to symbolize (or "carry") the nature of their respective energies, state and condition.
"Zhen" by itself means "to shake", "to excite", "to shake", "to terrify", or "to quicken".
Thus, shaking up (oneself), excitation, but also (even) fear, will later produce Greater composure and
clarity.
In contemporary Chinese "zhen" means "truth" / "truthfulness", "sincere" / "sincerity", "genuine".
Blessings occur with a regular, or Heavenly pattern, while someone, or something is hiding something
(embarrassing, but without mistake, or error), bending over, or withdrawing, like the woman hiding her
menstruation (her passing through a change, or rejuvenation, allowing for a renewed fertility).
Both rain, as well as menstruation (both indicating a change in the conditions that determine the
fertility of a situation), occur in a periodic way, but yet, still, their exact time of appearing is never fully
predictable. Before (they are, were, might, or will be) occurring, there is always a certain tension
(suspense), which gives to their appearance their liberating character, which comes with the feeling of
relief.
It is in the same way that ones feelings of tension, anxiety, fear, or loneliness, will (might, or should)
come to pass away and disappear, if (only) one will have patience, and be able to give (or allow for)
the opportunity to let thing come to a solution (as) by themselves.
Efforts to try to force solutions (on others) will have the opposite effect (to ones aim), and will bring
difficulties (peril, or danger): the solution is determined by what occurs following a Heavenly pattern.
One is not at power (it is not correct, and inappropriate) to interrupt it by force (which does not
exclude action, but demands that action be in accordance with the powers at work).
The appearing of this hexagram may also indicate that ones actions (should, or will) occur with the
righteousness (as that) of the thunder: while following a Heavenly pattern, while hiding (or indicating)
the Greater powers at work.
Thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) is what makes things expand (increase in size)
and/or break out of their bonds/limits.
Therefore, under this constellation, one contemplates the (amount of) correctness (or rightness) of
the impact (or shock) that will be caused by what is (was, might, or will be) occurring.
JLK: What occurs under the conditions indicated by this hexagram will have a big impact, like that of
the thunder. Therefore, if things are not right, the results will be disastrous, i.e. they will have a big

"impact". one must make certain things are right from the beginning, and/or as early as one can
anticipate.
The Judgment says:
"Thunder, movement, arousing, awakening, shock, stirring up, what is sudden, the
displacement, ignition, the release of explosive energy, a chain of consequences:
What these describe generates success.
Thunder comes amid gaiety and glee. It terrifies people for a hundred miles.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not letting the sacrificial spoon spill its spirits (its
valuable content).
First the shock, the excitement: Oh, oh...!

Then, laughter and happiness: Ha, ha...!
Even when everybody is (was, might, or will be) in fear (shocked, moved, and/or aroused)
(within a radius of what is like a thousand "Li"), the one who is doing the sacrifice is (was,
might, will, or should be) not allowing (not letting) the sacred sacrificial vessel (and/or the
sacrificial liquor it is containing) to be lost (or dropped) from ones hands (grip, and/or
ownership).
JLK: Something Great (strong, active, creative, good) can be small (weak, passive, receptive,
evil) on another level, while something small can be Great on another, while still what is Great
can never be small on the same level, and/or in the same things: thus truth (awakening, shock)
of (and/or in) one thing shows itself (lies, occurs, appears) in the truth (awakening, shock) of
(and/or in) another thing.
Likewise, what is right (good, strong, creative) in one way (on a certain level), can be wrong
(evil, weak, receptive) in another way (on another level), and vice versa, but still never by
being the contrary of itself in the same thing(s).
From this one learns what impulses (ignition, movement, arousal, awakening, warning, and/or
alerts) to follow (give in to), and which not to follow.
It should keep the heart truthful, stable, and loving (when dealing with the incalculable)."
JLK: The fact that one (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) "not letting the sacrificial spoon
spill its spirits (its valuable content)", shows that for the matter at hand, the tool and/or way to handle
and/or administer "nourishment" is at stake, and/or at the center (and/or origin) of movement (arousal,
shock, awakening). If not handled properly one is at risk of wasting and/or loosing its valuable
(nourishing) content.
Depending on the context of issue at hand, the nourishment may be of a spiritual nature. The tool can
be like a "spoon" or a "vessel" (such as a Ding, a boiling pot, see hex. 50). Consideration must be
given to the idea that all nourishment is of a spiritual nature, one way or another.
If one is in a position that shows that the (spiritual) nourishment is not spilled (wasted), this is good,
and is associated with arousal, awakening, movement, happiness. On the other hand, if it is spilled
(wasted), then this is associated with fear, terror, shock, sadness.
If the movement, shock, arousal, and/or awakening follows the right course, is being controlled,
and/or within natural limits, then this will be nourishing. If the movement, shock, arousal, and/or
awakening is side-tracked, not following the right course, not controlled, and/or not within natural
limits, then the nourishment is (was, might, or will be) spilled (wasted).

Gathered sources: Even if the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) comes terrifyingly
loud and shocking, and if everyone is (was, might, or will be) in fear, or laughing (in a radius of) a
thousand "Li" ("miles") around, still, this is a favorable sign. Thunder generally comes (occurs)
together with rain (which indicates blessings), and it is the symbol for (or expression of) the primal
force that makes everything grow, and bear fruit.
Thus, thunder indicates accomplishment (like the awakening, the lightening, the sound, and the shock
of thunder).
Ones voice (sound, or action) is (was, might, or will be) "terrifying and frightening", but this (precisely)
indicates (the nature of) the fortune. Fear is often a good (honest, and instinctive) advisor, although it
should never be the only one [JLK: One should look at the light, at what is right, to overcome fear]. It
can lead one into adapting ones behavior, and thus make one be more balanced, and happier.
The words "First the shock, the excitement: Oh, oh...!", mean one should be cautious. Caution will
bring good fortune.
The words "Then, laughter and happiness: Ha, ha...!" are the symbol of inner calm in the midst of
storm.
One "roars, and laughs", now terrified, then finding confidence, or happiness, but at the end all will be
well (and in accordance with the circumstances).
One is (was, might, or will be) scaring, terrifying, awakening, arousing, or stirring-up (all) the others
(the people, the crowds) over a distance of a thousand "Li" ("miles") around one; As well those who
are (were, might, or will be) close (and near), as those who are (were, might, or will be) far.
It (also) means one knows how to make oneself be respected by all those around one, yet being
careful and exact in the smallest detail.
The "sacrificial liquor" is (was, might, will, or should be) not spilled (wasted, or lost). It means that the
one who is (was, might, or will be) (as) holding "the (cork of the) bottle (or sacrificial vessel)" is (was,
might, will, or should be) wise, under control, and restrained and will not spill (waste, loose) what is
valuable and/or important. One is (was, might, will, or should be) not confused or put off balance by
what is only seeming (looking, appearing) to be dangerous (or difficult).
The fact that "the sacrificial liquor is (was, might, will, or should be) not spilled (wasted, or lost)", thus
indicates that (now) someone - is (was, might, or will be) appearing who - is worthy of managing the
temple of the ancestors, and the shrines of "the God of harvest"; Someone who is able to go on with
the sacrifice (or at the occasion, going on with what is right, respectable, worthy, and virtuous).
Commentary
The name of the hexagram derives from it being the trigram Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences), doubled. Zhen also represents springtime, when the renewal of life
becomes evident and the earth restores its bounty. This brings joy and success. The manifestations
of the divine also bring renewed hope and cheer to those capable of understanding them, while they
induce great fear in the heart of others.
Anyone who is highly developed, and full of virtue and understanding, will be so calm under all
circumstances that even if thunder occurs during sacrificial rites it will not disturb him. From a
personal point of view, this is a time for renewal and for coming out from within oneself to develop
(things) and be of benefit to others.

~ Profile
These persons will be innovators, instigators, and prime movers in progressive movements. Their
actions will be mainly impartial rather than for gain, although some will use these traits for selfish
purposes.
Those born in the tenth month [November - December] will be more auspicious than the rest, of which
those born between the second and the eighth month [March - September] will be the more
auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) thunder (movement, arousing,
awakening, shock, consequences) (as) at (and/or in) the feet (in the beginning, when young,
will be misfortune.
Apprehension when thunder comes.

Afterwards gaiety, laughing and glee.
Shock, arousal and awakening (like a bolt of lightning) come and occur: "Oh, oh...!".
Then follow laughing words: "Ha, ha...!"
Good Fortune!"
Gathered sources: The fear and trembling engendered by shock come to an individual at first in such
a way that he sees himself placed at a disadvantage against others. But this is only transitory.
When the ordeal is over, he experiences relief, and thus the very terror he had to endure at the outset
brings good fortune in the long run.
"Shock, arousal and awakening (like a bolt of lightning) come and occur: "Oh, oh...!": this may
indicate a warning that arrives like thunder and the fear that it produces.
One can change a fearful circumstance into something positive through correct conduct.
This line is in the right position, and it represents the time of growth and achievement. Though
apprehension may arise in achieving ones goal(s), rightful actions and a sense of awe can lead to
success.
General comment
There is a movement stirring within the society, and much apprehension regarding its possible
success. Since this is a time for growing and advancing, the movement will be productive and
followed by happiness and good fortune (albeit not necessarily the way one would expect, or at the
time one would hope).

~ Profile
Since this line is correct and in its right place, the leadership of this individual will be strong, dynamic
and progressive, and he will bear a reverence for divine manifestations.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of uncommon personal and professional
brilliance, dignified, awe-inspiring and deep thinking. He will be in a high position, and influential in
revitalizing the spirit and enthusiasm of the nation. He will establish great merit, and his life will be rich
and rewarding.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be aware of the pitfalls of life, as they relate to the
nation, to corporate enterprises, and to his own personal affairs, and he will be able to make the
necessary corrections when needed. He will have hardships early in life, but things will gradually
smooth out later.
The inner self must be developed, as well as the external self.
Some unusual thought or event will occur, which may spur you to either change or revitalize
something.

2
awakening, shock, consequences) in (for, at, with) the calves, and/or ones impulses (the
Thunder (movement, arousing, awakening, shock, consequences) is (was, might, or will be)
Thunder approaches;
Shock, arousal and awakening (like a bolt of lightning) come and occur, bringing (what seems
like) danger (difficulties).
One sadly is (was, might, or will be) (seeming to be) losing ones treasures (valuables), a
hundred thousand times; Often.
One must relinquish ones treasures (valuables).

One should not go in pursuit of what has been lost, ones treasures, and/or that which one is
(was, might, or will be) failing to get a hold of (or keep ones grip on).
One must let go, and climb (over) the nine hills (climb above to the heights).
After 7 days one will find back what was (seeming to be) lost."
JLK: Here, one is (was, might, or will be) losing ones "treasures" (valuables), and/or should be
renouncing them in order to ascend (and/or journey over) what are like "the nine hills".
Still, the text mentions that these "treasures" (valuables) will be found back (in some way). The
Judgment mentions that "one must not allow "the sacred sacrificial vessel (and/or the sacrificial liquor
it is containing) to be lost (or dropped) from ones hands", yet here, one is (and should be) letting it go
for a period of time equivalent to 7 days (a moderately substantial time).
The journey (ascension) across "the nine hills" symbolizes how one embarks on a quest or
exploration of some sort. The "nine hills" symbolize the equivalent of what would be climbing nine big
mountains and/or attaining lofty goals.
Gathered sources: This pictures a situation in which a shock endangers a man and he suffers great
losses. Resistance would be contrary to the movement of the time and for this reason unsuccessful.
Therefore he must simply retreat to heights inaccessible to the threatening forces of danger. He must
accept his loss of property without worrying too much about it. When the time of shock and upheaval
that has robbed him of his possessions has passed, he will get them back again without going in
pursuit of them.
General comment
It is as if the thunder has left a flood in its wake and one has to flee, leaving one's possessions and
valuables behind, while one ascends some high hills away from danger. But there is no need for
alarm. One will regain the valuables in time, and there is no need to go in pursuit of them. The words
'seven days' represent a cycle of events based on this hexagram. In the process of renewal many
strange seeming events take place, which are a reaction to the new attitudes being generated. One

must not resist or fight evil coming to the fore, but flee to safety, since evil gains strength from being
resisted. When a man has fully renewed himself, i.e. at the completion of the cycle, he will regain all
his losses and much more besides. Persons capable of achieving this are un. usually gifted.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have great innate intelligence and wisdom, and will follow
the golden mean. He will plan ahead and avoid many troubles, and he will be a capable negotiator
and mediator. He will not start a new enterprise, but will materially assist in promoting and elevating
an existing one. He will be amply rewarded.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will not possess foresight and will often be encompassed by
dangers which could have been avoided. He will also be greedy, which will add to his difficulties. He
will be a wanderer and philanderer, and his life will be full of worries.
New thoughts will produce new conditions if implemented.
There is evil at hand, and you may suffer a loss. Do not try to force its return. Later you will regain
your losses.
awakening, shock, consequences) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
will be) occurring.
Shock, arousal and awakening (like a bolt of lightning) come and occur, causing one to be
distressed (frightened).
If the shock, arousal and awakening spur one to action, one can remain free from misfortune."
Gathered sources: There are three kinds of shock: the shock of Heaven, which is thunder, the shock
of fate, and, finally, the shock of the heart. The present hexagram refers less to inner shock than to
the shock of fate. In such times of shock, presence of mind is all too easily lost: the individual
overlooks all opportunities for action and mutely lets fate take its course. But if he allows the shocks
of fate to induce movement within his mind, he will overcome these external blows with little effort.
Thus, this line may hold the advice to gather oneself together, and act with clarity as well as
steadfastness.
Here, previous events are (have been, might or will be) causing a state of distress, apprehension and
nervousness that may block one from acting resolutely in the way one knows to be right. If one can
gather enough strength to act as is (was, might, or will be) called for (in the way one knows to be
right, at the moment that one knows to be right), one will remain free of misfortune.

~ Profile
The third line is the 'lower line of man' in any hexagram, and is often considered the representative of
the common man. (Lines 5 and 6 represent Heaven, lines 3 and 4, man, and lines 1 and 2, the earth.)
Hence the dilemma of the ordinary man is here shown, regarding his selfdevelopment. He is
awestruck and fearful of the wonderful manifestations of the divine, which he is beginning to
understand. If these inspire him, and stir him to try and make further progress, then he will slowly
advance and make no grave mistakes.
These persons are beginning to become aware of the laws of nature, and of how to apply them in the
world of man.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be an intelligent and cautious individual, advancing
modestly and safely. He will not forget the possibility of danger in times of safety, or of disorder in
times of peace. He will not be single-minded, and so will not accomplish anything very great. He will,
however, lead a moral, virtuous life, meeting his commitments, and having a modest yet contented
existence.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be intelligent but very timid, which will result in an
unstable life, with no accomplishments and only minimal reward.
Too rapid progress is dangerous.
Are you being lethargic? Search for new opportunities, or take corrective measures as necessary.
awakening, shock, consequences) in (for) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom,
Thunder (movement, arousing, awakening, shock, consequences) is (was, might, will, or

Shock, arousal and awakening (like a bolt of lightning) come and occur, but it is (was, might,
or will be) mired, inert and/or confusing (confused).
There is (was, might, or will be) shock, arousal and awakening (like a bolt of lightning), then
there is (was, might, or will be) mud."
Gathered sources: This line indicates "muddy" thinking.

JLK: "Muddy" thinking will make things (something particular, and/or generally) "muddy". It may be
that ones own thinking is "muddy", or it may be that for the matter at hand one is dealing with "muddy"
thinking (and/or its consequences) by the other(s).
This line indicates that the one at the center of the matter at hand is at risk of not understanding how
a certain chain (sequence) of events occurs and/or works out, i.e. how one thing causes another.
The 4th line represents the heart, ones feelings. The lack of understanding has an impact on these
that is (was, might, or will be) disturbing, and/or that will lead to a kind of "shutdown" (blockage).
Gathered sources: There is (was, might, or will be) danger (difficulties, or incalculableness) when
there is apprehension (fearful, or excited, and needless anticipation) without clarity (and/or clear
thinking).
Also, this may indicate a situation after something has been occurring with the impact like that of the
thunder (like a bolt of lightening). Like when after a disaster, or other greatly exciting (shocking) event.
This might result in a kind of fall-out, like a landslip after a storm. It means that if one has to go on
(and continue) one better brace and endure what will (have to) come.
Movement within the mind depends for its success partly on circumstances. If there is neither a
resistance that might be vigorously combated, nor yet a yielding that permits of victory, and if instead,
everything is tough and inert like mire, then movement is crippled.
General comment
This Yang line, with a pair of yin lines on either side of it (in part forming the nuclear trigram Kan,
danger, water), symbolizes the thunder sinking into the mud. It is as if a man is surrounded by
sensuality and desire (yin lines are female) and lets himself be overcome by them. In another sense,
it indicates that the mind is inert and cannot see clearly the things which would help it.
~ Profile
These things keep this person from having the auspicious life, position and accomplishments that one
born under the fourth line can normally expect.
Most auspicious (in the best case): Unless he proceeds slowly and carefully he will frequently let his
personal wishes and desires override his good judgment, even though he will know how to control
them. He will gradually lessen his faults by striving to improve himself. He will not have a business of
his own, but he will prove useful to others, will keep out of trouble, and will have a moderately
comfortable life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will not rise to a very high position, and will live in poor
surroundings. He occasionally will make an effort to improve himself, but in general he will have a
miserable life.
Eliminate fears and erroneous desires, one at a time.
You will be inert or muddled in your thinking today.

5
awakening, shock, consequences) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones
words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in) the way things are managed (at large) by the

will be advantage.
Shock, arousal and awakening (like a bolt of lightning) are (were, might, will, or should be)
going in every direction, over here and over there; Danger (peril, or difficulties).
However, nothing at all is (was, might, will, or should be) lost.

Yet there remain things to be done."
Gathered sources: What occurs here is a case, not of a single shock (awakening, or arousal), but of
repeated shocks (awakening, or arousal) with no breathing space in between. Nonetheless, the shock
(awakening, or arousal) causes no loss, because one takes care to stay in the center of movement
and in this way is spared the fate of helplessly being tossed in every direction.
Under the occurring circumstances one is (was, might, or will be) afflicted by troubles (as a result of
shock, awakening, or arousal), but one knows what ones course is (and will not deviate from it), as
one has been on it for a long time.
Here, one is (was, might, will, or should be) moving away from the shock (awakening, or arousal), it
be in time or in place, while one is (was, might, or will be) moving towards danger (peril, difficulties
and/or adversity).
The original Chinese ideogram that is used shows a sheltering cliff and a stinging insect. Hence, this
may depict a situation where one finds shelter but is still nagged or being caused harm as by a
stinging insect(s).
General comment
The difficulties of self-improvement without a guide are truly great. There are many times when one is
perplexed as to the best direction to proceed.
~ Profile
This man is in the position of the ruler or leader (being line 5), but even so, auspiciousness is not
presaged. It is true, however, that exercising care will avert losses or retrogressions. In such
circumstances it is highly desirable to have a firm goal.
These persons will, generally speaking, try to do their best with what they have.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of high morals and virtue, but will not be highly
qualified professionally unless guided. He will be of benefit, to an average degree, in whatever
enterprises he is associated with. His home life, too, will be averagely beneficial.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be an honest person, wandering in his early years,

and traveling considerably all his life. Matters will turn out quite favorably in his later years.
Perplexities are to be expected during any self-development.
Repeated dangers often threaten ones activity, but if you devote care and consideration to your work,
no loss will be occasioned.
awakening, shock, consequences) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle,
Thunder brings devastation. Shock, arousal and awakening (like a bolt of lightning) come and
occur, causing and bringing terrified gazing around (to who is at the center of ones inquiry).
Going ahead will bring misfortune.
If it (what occurs) has not yet reached ones own body, but has reached the neighbors' first,
there is no blame; No mistake, and no error.
People gaze with apprehension and terror.

Advancing brings misfortune.
If it (the thunder, the shock, the terror) has not affected us but only our neighbors, no error.
Like with a marriage, there is (was, might, will, or should be) cause for comment."
JLK: Here, if one has (or achieves to have) the capacity and clarity to recognize impending disaster
(calamity, destruction, danger, or difficulties), then one is (was, might, or will be) able to avert it.
On the other hand, those who don't have the capacity and clarity to recognize impending disaster
(calamity, destruction, or difficulties), it be out of incompetence or out of negligence, will surely suffer
from it.
One can learn about current risks, by observing what is (was, might, or will be) happening with ones
neighbors, by analyzing ones own earlier experiences (as related to the matter at hand), and by
analyzing history in general - in the most diligent, honest, and pertinent of ways.
Since this is the top line of this hexagram, the (impending) problems may be related to (ones own, or
the others') spiritual values, and/or leading (ruling) principles and/or strategies, and/or to problems at
(in) the head, and/or for the ruler (that which is ruling, and/or the general consensus).
As a consequence of the potential for disaster, the superior one carefully studies and discerns what
brings about good fortune, and scrupulously applies (follows) its principles.
If this is the only strong line occurring, one obtains hex. 21, the Organized Biting Through (the

Litigation), which at line 6 shows a head (as) being in a (wooden) cangue, indicating problems with
hearing and/or understanding. Under the occurring circumstances, either the leader lacks (good)
hearing and/or understanding, or those who are being led do, or both.
~ Profile
Those depicted here who lack inner sincerity, will misguidedly try to emulate great spiritual leaders,
martyrs, or leaders in the material world, without having the necessary development or qualifications.
They will believe that they can absorb some of the greatness through physical imitation of actions or
appearances, rather than strive consistently to achieve the same mental or spiritual qualities. Religion
of one sort or another is invariably associated with such actions. Their lives will be so unusual that
they will become the source of much comment.
However, if one strives to emulate greatness in the right way, while learning from the experiences of
others as well as ones own, no error will result, regardless of what one's neighbors or others may do.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will constantly strive for improvement in his personal
development. He will take precautions against possible calamities, and will nip troubles in the bud.
His character and dignity will earn the respect of his neighbors. His family life will be modest but
good.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be self-centered, egotistical and misguided. His only
concern will be himself, and he will have little or no regard for others. He will be a disturbing influence
where ever he is, and if married will have much family discord.
Never overdo anything, even self-development.
Remain calm today, even if things seem dire. Any action you take may only make matters worse.

Hexagram 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness)
- Gen (Kên)
The theme of this hexagram is that which is immobile, rested, and/or stacked up and growing tough
(and/or strong), as is the case for a mountain. By extension, it is about the immobilization, resting,
stacking up and/or growing tough (and/or strong) of things.
The Image says:
"the mountain; the immobile; the stillness; to be stilled; the rest; to stop; to be stopped;
the inaction; the rigidity; to be stacked up and accumulated; to grow tough (and/or strong);
to be pushed around; the information (like DNA, "Gen": i.e. the gene):
Several mountains; Stilled.

The mountains are immobile; consisting of what is stacked up and slowly pushing around.
JLK: Rested, but also resting;

Stacked up, but also stacking up;
Pushed around, but also pushing;
Immobile, but also immobilizing.
This is the image of the mountain: keeping still, being at rest, immobile.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) not allowing his thoughts to dwell beyond
the situation that he is facing.
JLK: The Great Man will rest (be immobilized) "in the moment"."
JLK: Hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness), shows the image of mountain (the immobile,
what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) upon mountain (the immobile, what
is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information), which gives the idea of immobilization
and rest.
The mountain (immobilization, stillness) allows for (and/or will occur in a context of) liberation (freeing,
loosening), as described by inner hex. 40, the Liberation (the Freedom, to Loosen).
Several mountains occurring in sequence, immobilization (standstill), rest and/or stacking up

(accumulating), growing tough, strong, and/or accumulated, occurring repeatedly: this is as well about
immobilization (rest) as "stacking things ups", such as can be manifested with any material,
substance, item or issue (physical or spiritual) that is earth (smallness, weakness) related, as about
information (understanding, lessons), genes, etc...
Since the theme is about immobilization (rest) and "stacking things ups", conversely it can point to
resisting the immobilization (moving too much, and/or without rest), and/or an error in the way things
are "stacked up", as indicated by the inner lower trigram, the water, and the upper inner trigram, the
thunder
Gathered sources: Thus the superior, and wise one, does not allow his thoughts to dwell beyond the

situation to be faced. One would (because of that) be at risk of being brought to a standstill
involuntarily, due to having been immobilized, stilled, or pushed around, without one being in control
of ones destiny.
JLK: The mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information) is
strong while still being immobile. Its strength lies precisely in the fact that things can not be stacked
up any more (or any more "tight", more compact) given the circumstances. This is why things grow
tough (when given some time), or start to stack up as by themselves, on top of each other, after they
can not be pushed around any further.
Like with an ice-berg, the mountain can not (easily) be cracked. This is the case because the water
(the liveliness) is melting down and freezing up at the same time, this improves and assures mass
resistance.
Real rest occurs when one stops, when it is the right moment to stop, and when one moves once the
right moment has come to move.
Thus, what is resting and what is moving, does so in harmony with time. One becomes capable of
contemplating what is the birth and the death of what is light and what is creative.
Gathered sources: The image of this hexagram, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is
stacked up and grown tough, information), represents the youngest son of Heaven and earth.
The male principle is at the top (as represented by the yang line in the 3rd and 6th positions) because
it strives upward by nature. The female principle is below (as represented by the yin lines), since the
direction of its movement is downward. Thus there is rest because the movement had come to its
normal end.
In its application to man, the hexagram turns upon the problem of achieving a quiet heart. It is very
difficult to bring quiet to the heart. While Buddhists strive for rest through an ebbing away of all
movements in Nirvana, the Yi Jing teaches that rest is merely a state of polarity that always posits
movement as its complement.
In some cases, the words of the commentary to this hexagram carry directions for the practice of
yoga and various (other) forms of meditation.
In other cases it may hold advice concerning human emotions and exercising free will. The heart
thinks constantly. This cannot be changed, but the movements of the heart - that is, a man's thoughts
- should restrict themselves to the immediate situation. All thinking that goes beyond this only makes
the heart sore.
JLK: Due to the nature of things being immobilized and/or stacked up, this hexagram may also signify
"information", it be in the form of knowledge, text or DNA. It's quite significant and perplexing that the
other word for DNA, the building block of all biological life, is "gene", while the thousands of years old
Chinese word for this hexagram is "gen", which (also) means "root". Thus, it can be understood to
indicate information that is "immobilized", "crystalized", or "bred" into things.
The idea of "information", a form of "memory", is further indicated by the lower inner trigram, the water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory). The thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences), occurring as the upper inner trigram, shows how the information can be
released, and led to "awaken" (shock) things.

The Judgment says:
"A mountain, immobilization, stillness, being still(ed), resting, stopping, being stopped,
inaction, rigidity, being stacked up and accumulated, growing tough (and/or strong), being
pushed around, information:
Timely considering the circumstances and conditions these denote will bring success.
Immobilizing (resting) ones back (that which is supporting and/or holding ones body upright),
so that (until) one no longer feels ones body.
This should free the mind; But there is reason to consider things repeatedly, as the
mountain(s) (immobilization) can be holding and containing stubborn (hidden) anger,
toughness, and/or quiet (stagnation).
One enters ones palace (courtyard, or personal living-sphere) and does not notice (anymore)
the ones that are like oneself (ones people, or the company one is with).
No error. No blame."
JLK: To be strong as the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough,
information), due to the immobilizing (stacking up, or putting at rest), and due to the fact that
everything grows tough due to the pushing and the weight of what is immobilized (stacked up, or
rested), will allow for supporting an impact, or even to avoid one.
Gathered sources: "One enters ones palace (courtyard, or personal living-sphere), and does not
notice (anymore) the ones who are (or that which is) like oneself": one comes home, not being able to
communicate about what goes on, or what one is thinking, beyond that which can be (immediately, or
superficially) seen and faced.
If one doesn't feel or moves ones (own) body, then neither will one (be able to) feel or move that of
others. If one doesn't feel the bodies or impact of others, then neither will one (directly) feel the
negative influence, nor the positive influence, that could come from this.
True quiet means keeping still when the time has come to keep still, and going forward when the time
has come to go forward. In this way rest and movement are in agreement with the demands of the
time, and thus there is light in life.
This hexagram signifies the end as well as the beginning of all movement. The back is named
because in the back are located all the nerve fibers that mediate movement. If the movement of these
spinal nerves is brought to a standstill, the ego, with its restlessness, disappears as it were. When a
man has thus become calm, he may turn to the outside world. He no longer sees in it the struggle and
tumult of individual beings, and therefore he has that true peace of mind which is needed for
understanding the great laws of the universe and for acting in harmony with them. Whoever acts from
these deep levels makes no mistakes.
Commentary
The hexagram is the trigram Kan, mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and
grown tough, information), doubled, which bespeaks a stillness, calmness and imperturbability. The
spinal column is the center of the nervous system. When it is so calm as to be insensitive the
individual has attained a state of perfection where the body is of no great consequence other than to
be a vehicle. When one's eyes notice no one, one has an inner security from which fears and vanity
have been eliminated. Vanity is the hardest of all traits to be free from.

~ Profile
These persons have the potential to become persons of such a free nature, and the controlling lines
provide guidance for such development. In the end one can rise to the grandeur of a mountain (the
immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information).
Keeping still does not mean inactivity. Rather it is the taking of propitious actions at the right time, and
using the expedient of tranquility to attain freedom from selfish thoughts and yearnings, when
appropriate. No errors are committed when one has fully attained this freedom.
Those born in the fourth month [May - June] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: A mountain (immobilization, rest, rigidity, stacking up and accumulating, growing tough
and strong, the information) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as)
at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor),
will be misfortune.
One 'what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) keeping the toes still.
Then there is no blame. Firm correctness wit this is (was, might, will, or should be)
advantageous.
It is advantageous to continue divination, anticipation and persevering;

Without giving in to every first impulse, but without drifting;
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) "taking root" into things (the situation)."
Gathered sources: "Immobilizing, resting, or stiffening (of) ones toes" also indicates keeping still (or
resting) (at) the beginning or (at) the lower side of what is at the center of ones inquiry (the feet, or the
toes).
The Chinese word "gen" which here is translated as "to make still", in the Mawangdui text version of
the Yi Jing stands for "root". Therefore, this line may indicate that it is appropriate to still oneself (or
what occurs) and (sort of) "grow roots" (into the matter at hand). Some roots can grow endlessly into
the soil, likewise, in this case it may be required to do the same, such as to get all the desired
nourishment or strength as possible.
If the matter at hand benefits from one "growing roots" (into the situation, or things), and/or from
immobilization, then this is the right way to proceed.
If the matter at hand requires more mobility (and/or options), then one should look for alternatives.
JLK: In a general way, this line may advise to be "grounded", i.e. in close contact with the earth and
all that could concern finding stability and being centered, it be for being still, or moving.
General comment
As in other hexagrams, this lowest line symbolizes the toes, in which originate physical progress
forward by a man. This line is the base of both mountains, and therefore represents firmness and

immobility.
~ Profile
Hence these persons should be firm and anxious to do what is right at all times. At the beginning of
matters they will usually be quite unsullied by external influences. If they maintain firm correctness,
the right direction to proceed will become known when needed, and progress can be made.
Knowledgeable and just, yet cautious and conservative individuals are depicted here.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will follow the golden mean, and will therefore be free from the
harms that attend following an evil path. His conservatism will keep him from rising high or making
great gains, but he will have a personally satisfying and easy life, with no major troubles.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be modest and sincere, but not as knowledgeable
as the most auspicious. He will have a good family, and a humble life, with no major difficulties.
Think before acting.
Be unwavering in what is right. Then you can advance.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) a mountain (immobilization, rest,
rigidity, stacking up and accumulating, growing tough and strong, the information) in (for, at,
with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
A mountain (immobilization, rest, rigidity, stacking up and accumulating, growing tough and
strong, the information) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of
(or at the the level of) managing things regionally (and/or intermediately), and/or in (by) the
ruling consensus).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will or should be) (as) immobilizing (resting, and/or
stiffening) ones calves (the power of movement, and/or the momentum);
Keeping the calves (the power of movement) immobile (rested, stilled, and/or stiff).
One can not rescue (help, and/or be of service to) whom (and/or that which) one is (still)
following (the leader, the one at the beginning, and/or the one whom one outlives).
Ones heart is (was, might, or will be) not glad; Not happy."
JLK: The one (or that which is) at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, will or should be)

(as) immobilizing (resting, and/or stiffening) his calves (the power of movement, and/or the
momentum). It's as a consequence of this immobilization (rest, and/or stacking things up) that the
rescue, help, and/or being of service can not happen. Therefore, here the idea is not that one fails to
rescue (help, and/or be of service to) the other (or part of oneself) because one can not make the
other (part) stop moving (be immobile), but because of ones (own) (the) immobilization (interruption)
itself, that can not be avoided at present (and/or that is necessary), and that is (was, might, will, or
should be) somehow occurring, at some stage, in some form.
As related to the matter at hand, under the presently occurring circumstances one can not rescue
(help, and/or be of service to) the one whom (and/or that which) one is (still) following. This is due to
the fact that one has to keep ones (own) calves immobile, i.e. one has (and/or is forced) to stop
(interrupt, pause) the movement (occurring at the center of the matter at hand). This may cause
sadness, as one would prefer to rescue and/or help (be of service to) the other (part).
The relationship of leader and follower can appear in various forms, at various levels, and in both
directions. A servant and/or follower may wish to rescue or help (be of service to) his leader, but be
unable to do so due to having to remain immobile (and/or having to interrupt ones movement). On
another level, a leader may wish to rescue or help (be of service to) a lofty goal or principle, and/or
something (a plan, project, or other) initiated (led) by the servant and/or follower, but be unable to do
so due to having to remain immobile (and/or having to interrupt the movement). In both cases, this is
paired with sadness.
This multi-layered aspect can mean that here, part of the difficulty is the fact that one is dealing with
several immobilizations, and/or in various forms, as is also suggested by this hexagram as a whole,
by the repeating of the trigram the mountain (immobile, stilled, rested, stopped, stacked up, and/or
pushed around). These can interfere in various complicated ways that can lead to difficulties.
Thus, this line may hold the advice to "keep your calves immobilized" (and/or to stop ones
movement), and/or it may hold a warning related to such an immobilization, that it will cause one to
be unable to give the help (rescue) that one wishes to offer, and that this is paired with sadness.
In a more general way, it points to how the one (or that which is) at the center of the matter at hand is
(incorrectly, or inconveniently) immobilized (rigid, stiff, stacked up), which leads to difficulties for the
other(s), and/or for oneself (if it means one can not control ones own movement any longer).
When this 2nd line of this lower trigram becomes yang (active), the trigram turns into that of the
wood/the wind, which indicates how one ends up as "kneeled at the foot of the couch" (see 2nd line of
hex. 57, the Wood / the Wind). One will not hold ones stability and has to look for help on a lower
(more modest) and/or uncommon level.
Gathered sources: This may be describing (some-) one who can not make clear to others how unwise
(foolish, inexperienced, unlearned, dumb, and/or erratic) they are acting (behaving, or pursuing their
ways).
Ones decision to be staying reaches that which has (or those who have) gone (along the way
presently occurring) before (i.e. leading, beginning) too late. One may not be able to save "what is
following", or "being followed" (indicating precisely that, oneself, or others) due to not waiting (resting,
stacking up, or pushing around) adequately, and in time.
The movement is (has been, or may be) already started, but it is stopping ("stacking up", or
immobilizing) at, or "by", the calves (the lower part of the leg). The feet are already moving, but one
stops what lies (remains) above them (or what is carried by them, or "following").
The calves are most involved during vigorous action, such as when running fast or jumping. They
provide power to these movements. If they are immobilized or blocked, the body can't move
appropriately.

The leg(s) cannot move independently. The way they move depends on the movement of the (entire)
body. If (even) one of the legs is stopped, while the whole body is in Great (vigorous) motion, the
continuing body movement(s) (or, other material, or spiritual irregularities) will make one fall or limp.
The same type of thing may occur to one who is (was, might, will be or might be) serving (following)
someone who is stronger than (or in some way has prevalence or priority over) oneself. One is swept
along, and even though one may oneself halt (the occurring action, practice, behavior, or other), or
may come to do so, one can no longer check (adjust, or "upgrade") the other(s) (the leader, the
one(s) whom one was following), (while being) in (the middle of) the powerful movements that are
occurring (ones own movements or the others').
Here, under the occurring circumstances, like the calves that are especially involved during vigorous
movement, one would like to jump into action. But the action is stopped and/or blocked right at the
start of the movement.
Where the master (Great, "more learned", or experienced one), presses forward, the servant (the
small, unlearned, or (yet) inexperienced), no matter how good his intentions, can not (anymore) save
him (the one whom one is following (up), or "the other's").
Thus, if one is (was, might, or will be) following someone (f.i. the master, teacher, or leader) onto a
wrong path (into a wrong way), but if (at the same time) ones calves (and the rest of the body) will not
be capable to be moving (f.i. because one is inwardly, or intuitively "being in touch" with the right
way), then one will be forced to leave the other(s) (those whom one was following) to him-, or
themselves (being unable to help them), or pursue ones way towards (ones own) disaster and
misfortune.
All this indicates a time of worries, and disappointments
This line may in some cases point to the fact that ones decision to be staying (to immobilize, "stack
up", or "push around"), is (was, might, or will be) reaching the feet (that which lies at the beginning, or
which is leading) too late. Still, it is important not to go forwards, nor backwards.
General comment
The calves are not an independent part of the body, nor do they control movement.
~ Profile
This man must follow a stronger leader. Since line 2 is a Yin line in its proper place, he will try to do
what is right and just, and try to halt if on a path of wrongdoing. As he is not in control he will be
unable to help the one above him (line 3).
For the most part these persons will pick the wrong careers, and consequently will hamper their own
progress somewhat, while being relatively ineffective in the helping of, and rendering service to,
others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be talented and ambitious, but will be in the wrong
situations to be truly effective. His personal character will improve through the conquest of obstacles,
but as he is impeded in helping others he will not rise high. He will work diligently for what is right, and
his reputation will become favorable after his death.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be quite knowledgeable and have a good character, but
will be timid, shy and wavering. Consequently, his achievements will be quite limited, professionally
and with regard to his family and himself. Regrettably, he will be an inveterate worrier.

"This above all: to thine own self be true."
There is a possibility that you have begun an activity when you should have remained quiet.
Reassess your situation.
rigidity, stacking up and accumulating, growing tough and strong, the information) in (at, for,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) trying to restrain (limit) what is hurtful.
The superior one should be more supple (be less rigid, and/or loosen up) in order to attain
peace (rest, quiet).
If one doesn't loosen up (oneself, or things) in ways that will release the hips (the back-bone,
the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or application of the
laws to live by, and thus the heart (ones emotions), in that case there will be misfortune.
If one manages to loosen (oneself, or things) up in ways that will release the hips (and thus
the heart), misfortune will be averted.
Keeping the hips (and/or the back-bone) stilled.

One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (like) immobilizing (resting, or stiffening) ones
hips (and/or back-bone).
Stacking up and pushing around by the hips (the thighs, the middle, or the ways of
procreation).
This (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) making the sacrum (hips and/or back-bone) stiff;
Can be dangerous (and/or full of difficulties);
It might make the heart suffocate (or ache)."
JLK: Under the circumstances, one is at risk of handling things in a way that is too rigid. Therefore the
advice is to be "more supple" (be less rigid, and/or loosen up) in order to attain peace (rest, quiet).
In a general way, this line may indicate one must overcome immobility in the hips (the back-bone, the
power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or application of the laws to live
by, and their influence on (their capacity to change, and/or transform) what is (was, might, or will be)
occurring.
Gathered sources: This may concern (what is like) the necessity, or an attempt to (what is as sexual,
and/or physical) restraint (restraining or controlling oneself, and/or others), and/or immobilization
(resting, and/or stilling) of the hips (that which gives power and/or energy to ones movements and/or
body), by (ones) will-power (only), at a time where (in reality) one (and/or the other) is not ready for

this, which is a way of acting that may result in spiritual, as well as physical problems.
If the hips (that which gives power and/or energy to ones movements and/or body) are being
restrained (due to what is, was, might, or will be occurring) then the risk occurs that the heart might
"suffocate" (ache, endure pain, be "burdened" with difficulties, or frustration).
It may also mean that (if one goes on) one is (was, might, or will be) "stiffening" (and/or immobilizing)
ones capacity to act intuitively; Unable to follow ones (own) intuition (of what is "real", or full of truth),
due to stiffening of (what is like, or close to the) the hips, or backbone.
Thus, this can depict someone who is artificially maintaining a certain rigidity (or even arrogance),
doing things in a rigid, "immobile" (immobilizing and/or unchanged), or "stiff" way. Such a forced state
(of the mind, or of the way things are going) will certainly lead to danger (or bring peril, and
difficulties).
JLK: It might be that one has a certain desire, but due to rigidity (in ones hips and/or backbone) one
doesn't succeed in finding the (right) way to have what one desires be realized. One may have to
redefine (redetermine) what really matters (spiritually, physically, socially), and give preference to
ease of movement (or movement as such, in order to not be blocked), which is especially important
for being strong. One may have to look for alternative and/or unconventional solutions.
Stiffness "in the hips", on a mental level, may point to the necessity to remove stiffness of what one
has as a moral "backbone / hip". It may call for a necessity to be more supple, yet still in a way that is
right (light, strong) and loving, if any good should come from it.
Gathered sources: One must try to find a real peace (spiritually, as well as physically) instead of trying
to force (such) a difficult (and/or rigid) way or discipline on oneself (and/or on ones clan, group, or
other occurrence).
One can attach to this the image of someone (who is meditating, and/or pursuing a goal) whose
forceful way of doing things (concentration, physical posture, attitude, and/or standards) are only
leading to irritation, frustration, and lack of intuitiveness.
Therefore this line can indicate success (for example because of understanding, or realizing the
problem) as well as difficulties.
JLK: This line is in the 3rd place, which indicates the hips, and not the heart. Therefore the primary
issue for the matter at hand concerns the way of moving, and/or ones posture, as shown in the hips
(the backbone). The way of moving and/or holding oneself will have a direct impact on the heart (in
the 4th place). This can have very important consequences. Ones good fortune (in life) may depend
on it.
General comment
This is the top line of the first mountain, but held still by the base of the mountain above it. This is a
perilous position, and many talents and worthy attributes are seemingly immobilized by virtue of the
situation. If one tries to use force before the situation becomes pliant, irritation, dissatisfaction and
danger will result. This is a time for preparation and development, in both personal and external
affairs. One should avoid artificiality and insincerity, and let things develop naturally. Calmness must
come from within. One should also be cautious regarding the enforcement of stillness before one is
ready for it.
~ Profile
These persons will have difficulty in finding the right balance between fulfilling their duties and

asserting themselves in life. They should strive to find appropriate ways to associate business with
pleasure
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be quite wise and will eventually be assigned to a high
position. But if he is envious and greedy, he will be unable to exercise a stabilizing influence and help
keep good people in office. He is then likely to be blamed severely for not being adequate to the
demands of his position.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is likely to be a man of considerable means, using his assets
for selfish or evil purposes, which will result in great difficulties and a troublesome life.
Never force a situation before the time is ripe.
It is dangerous for you to forcibly try and curb your thoughts and actions from the heart, before you
are ready to do so. Take care.
rigidity, stacking up and accumulating, growing tough and strong, the information) in (for,
A mountain (immobilization, rest, rigidity, stacking up and accumulating, growing tough and
strong, the information) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by,
with, through) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator,
One is (was, might, or should be) keeping ones torso (ones body, ones heart, and/or ones
kingdom, or household) still (quiet, rested, immobilized, growing tough).
Then there is no error."
JLK: One must necessarily keep ones torso (ones body, ones heart, and/or ones kingdom, or
household) still (quiet, rested, immobilized, growing tough), thus correctly adapting oneself (or things)
to the occurring circumstances.
The torso is where the heart is located. Thus, keeping the torso still may indicate that one is (was,
might, will, or should be) stilling (giving rest to) ones emotions. This allows for things being correctly
"stacked up" (consolidated).
Alternatively, this line may point the necessity to keep the torso (thorax, heart, lungs) still(ed). This
might be necessary in order to heal (physically, spiritually, emotionally and/or mentally).

Gathered sources: If the matter at hands is about taking some form of action or taking a decision,
then the occurrence of this line may indicate it's not right to go on, at least not in the way one is
considering at present. Instead, one should still or quiet oneself (ones body, or torso, the center of
ones body), and reconsider things.
Thus, it is (was, might, or will be) good to still ones body, such as when meditating.
This line may contain the advice that one should detach oneself from ones emotions, and/or other
aspects that are causing turmoil and/or disturbance.
As has been pointed out above in the comment on the Judgment, keeping the back at rest means
forgetting the ego. This is the highest stage of rest. Here, this stage has not yet been reached: the
individual in this instance, though able to keep the ego - with its thoughts and impulses - in a state of
rest, is not yet quite liberated from its dominance. Nonetheless, keeping the heart at rest is an
important function, leading in the end to the complete elimination of egotistic drives. Even though at
this point one does not yet remain free from all the dangers of doubt and unrest, this frame of mind is
not a mistake, as it leads ultimately to that other, higher level.
General comment
When the trunk (in particular the spine, central nervous system, and heart) is still, one achieves a
calmness of spirit and the elimination of impulsive and egoistic drives. When this has been achieved
one becomes free from error. It is a worthy goal to strive for, but few are the persons who can truly
achieve it.
~ Profile
These will be individuals of noble character, full of wisdom and confidence, who think, speak and act
in a cool, calm and deliberate manner.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be knowledgeable, sincere, stable and composed, but a
man whose value will be recognized only to a very limited degree. He will not be in a position to be
valuable to his nation, but he will be a pillar of strength in his enterprise. He will be highly respected
for his dignity and virtue, and will have a good, modest life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will have a good character, but his main interests will be
his own goals. He may become a monk or a priest.
Eliminate egoistic and impulsive drives.
Stillness of the mind and body leads to higher personal development. Strive to achieve it.

5

will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) immobilizing (resting, stilling,
or stiffening) ones jaws (the limbs, parts and/or elements involved with opening what is at the
center of ones inquiry);
Ones words (nourishment, or other occurrences at the mouth) are (were, might, will, or should
be) well ordered (well constructed, considerate, reasonable).
In that case one is (was, might, or will be) having no reason for regrets (anymore).
If ones words are not well ordered (well constructed, considerate, reasonable), there will be
difficulties."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) immobilizing
(resting, stilling, or stiffening) ones jaws, and/or giving much care to how these are used to build
something (up): one is (and/or should be) refraining from expressing oneself through words, or other
forms of expression that carry emotion or orders, and/or one is (and/or should be) giving activities that
involve the jaws (and/or words, emotions, orders) a rest, and/or is giving particular care to how these
are "stacked up" (and/or "pushing" things around).
If this is not the case, then there will be regrets.
Gathered sources: This line may point to the fact that the one at the center of the matter at hand,
should think (or take some time, rest or let things mature) before acting (making sound and/or
speaking, or taking/giving nourishment) in order to make the action (sounds and/or words,
nourishment) more effective (and/or reasonable).
Therefore, this line may indicate it is not (yet) the right time to do (or agree on) what one is
considering, or that what is at the center of the issue at hand has to be given more time to improve
things appropriately.
On the other hand, if what is at the center of the issue at hand has already occurred, and if this has
been accompanied by "words" that are well ordered (reasonable), then the occurrence of this line
confirms its appropriateness.
The fact that ones words are (will, or should be) well ordered (reasonable), and that one will not be
having anymore reasons for regrets, is indicated by the favorable position of this line, as it is in the
middle (at the center) of the upper trigram.
General comment
All great leaders have quick, clear and incisive minds, and the ability to communicate readily with
others. By not indulging in idle chatter, and speaking only when one has something worthwhile to say,

using only well chosen words, one's communication is highly effective and every occasion for regret
disappears. Not only can the influence of these persons be great, but their personal development will
be considerably enhanced as well.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of knowledge, wisdom and experience, who can
speak effectively for the ruler of his country and its people. He can also be a valuable advisor. His
own life will be highly favorable in all aspects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a person who communicates and influences others
through singing, acting, public speaking, etc. He will be gifted at telling stories. He will be helped
considerably by friends or relatives, and will have modest success.
Always choose words carefully.
If you choose carefully what you say, and avoid thoughtless remarks, any occasion for remorse will
disappear.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) keeping still (immobilizing, stacking
things up) in a way that is eminent.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) immobilizing (resting, stiffening,
and/or stacking things up) (of) what is superior;
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) keeping what is Great, and superior,
stilled, in a noblehearted, and superior way.
Stacking up and pushing around by what is superior, or by the way of the noble, sage, wise,
and holy.
The highest form of immobilization, stacking up, or pushing around;
Good fortune!"
JLK: Here, one (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) keeping still (immobile) that which
is Great, superior and noble, in a Great, superior and noble way. This may also mean one is stacking
up (adding things up, building) and/or storing something in that way.
Conversely, depending on the context, this line may advice the exact contrary: to keep things in
movement, but so that the result will be that things get stacked up (and pushed around) in ways that

are right, and in accordance with superior wisdom (Heaven's law, the ruling principle).
Gathered sources: One attains (fulfills, or decides upon) "immobilizing, resting, or stiffening of what is
superior", in order to achieve (even) more profit (fortune, or advantage).
JLK: Alternatively, this line may indicate that one is (at risk of being) excessively immobile and/or rigid
(at/in the head, as related to the leader and/or leading principles, the way one decides upon things),
thus not (sufficiently, and/or in every case) adapting (sufficiently) to the demands of the time and/or
circumstances. Everything should be done with good measure and appropriately.
~ Profile
This line is the ruler of the hexagram, and indicates persons who have achieved an inner
development of an exceptionally high order. Their tranquility and acceptance of divine manifestations
results in singular blessings, wherever they are and irrespective of their pursuits. They possess the
majestic dignity and towering strength of a mountain.
Their lives will be peaceful and they will be at ease regardless of circumstances. They will bring
benefits to all matters in which they engage.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a tranquil man of noble character, dignified and
respected, and full of wisdom. He will lead an exemplary life, filled with rewards, health and
happiness.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will lead a beneficial life, but on a lesser scale. He will
also have a long life, and will acquire much property.
Tranquility comes from inner development.
Tranquility of the highest degree can be yours today through the exercise of stillness.

Hexagram 53, the Gradual Development (Gradual Progress, Progressing into a Whole)
- Jian (Chien)
The theme of this hexagram is how things develop (progress) gradually and steadily. It's the progress
like that of a goose flying towards its destination. Its voyage consists of several phases: now it
approaches a shore, then it finds a flat branch to rest, at another occasion it may lose its way.
The Image says:
"the gradual development; the gradual progress; the gradual growth;

progressing into a whole; progressing or not progressing; the swim; the flight; the infiltrating;
to reach:
The wood growing on the mountain

On (top of) the mountain there is a tree; Over the mountain the wind is blowing.
This is like the image of birds skimming, and gliding gradually over the peaks of the
mountains; Moving, skimming, gliding over that which has been stacked up and growing
tough (immobilized) through time.
Progress (or growth) is consistently but gradually infiltrating, and organized, organizing,
confused as well as confusing.
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) maintaining a highly virtuous
lifestyle, to improve upon the general standard of living, and to make the manners of the
people (the crowds, or the other(s)) good.
JLK: The Great Man will live by (with, in, through) what is Great (strong, creative, right, loving),
so that the general condition (and/or state) of all (people, beings, and/or things) will be good;
When there are those (and/or things) who (that) do not (choose to) cooperate (and/or who can
not be united), he will prefer (choose) going on with (and/or move towards) what is Great
(strong, creative, right, loving) and whole (and/or wholesome), or that will guarantee (provide)
the most of it."
JLK: Hex. 53, the Gradual Development (Gradual Progress, Progressing into a Whole), shows wood
(the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice
system, banners, the experience) resting on (being supported by) the mountain (the immobile, what is
rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information). Like a mountain with a vast forest on it, life
finds support and can expand. This gives the idea of development and reaching ones destiny, and/or
wholeness.
The conditions and circumstances of the gradual development (gradual progress, progressing into a
whole) will strongly depend on how these are at its beginning, and will bring opportunity for many new
and/or unique (original, incalculable) beginnings, as described by inner hex. 64, Preparing and
Beginning (Before Completion, At the Beginning).
Gathered sources: This depicts a situation in terms of gradually achieving a goal. The key to handle
the situation lies in advancing through diffused but steady penetration, and organizing.

By progressing into what is virtuous, the superior one achieves governing (ruling, controlling) himself
(or ones own country). Such a person is depicted by the 5th line (the ruler of the hexagram), which is
at the center and strong.
Unifying strength and softness, results in limitless amounts of energy.
Something that is melting (becoming soft, flexible, etc...) can still grow unbeatably strong, as one can
contemplate with hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness), or hex. 23, the Deterioration (the
Splitting Apart, the Falling Away).
One can achieve ones goals in a gradual and persistent way.
JLK: In hex. 56, the Wanderer (the Traveler, the Temporary), we see a fire "wandering", traveling over
the mountain, depicting a temporary situation. In hex. 53 instead of fire we see wood on top of the
mountain. While wood tends to establish and expand itself, the image of this hexagram still
represents a temporary condition, albeit over a long time-span. It shows a state of gradual (and slow)
progress, not necessarily that of reaching ones (intended) goal and/or attaining ones (intended)
objectives.
As pertaining to the image of marrying a young girl: it's not the marriage in itself that matters, it's the
building of a (healthy, strong, prosperous, happy) family, and assuring that life will continue that
matters.
The Judgment says:
"Gradual development, gradual progress, gradual growth, progressing into a whole,

progressing or not progressing, a swim, swimming, a flight, flying, infiltrating, reaching:
The circumstances and conditions that are occurring are like those of "a girl marrying"
(starting a long-term association).
It is good "to marry a young girl" (and/or to behave as when marrying one), or to be like a
young girl marrying (starting a long-term association).
Blessings!
There is profit (fortune, or advantage) in firmness, perseverance, anticipating, and doing the
divination."
Gathered sources: The image used is that of the marriage of a young lady (which also stands for
change, being receptive in a new or different way), and the good fortune attending it. There will be
advantage in being firm and correct.
The "young girl" can also represent a servant, something small and material, or a newly occurring
receptive situation.
The girl is not yet married, but she is given away, promised to her future husband. Thus, she will
prepare for what is to come, by maintaining a highly virtuous and decent lifestyle.
Progress that will occur at present, will result into that which will lead (or determine a situation). That's
why this progress will achieve concrete results.
Unifying stubbornness (strength) and softness, results in limitless amounts of energy.
When the issue at hand concerns achieving a goal, then this hexagram indicates that one will be as a
young bride. However, connected to this is the idea that one will (and/or should) gradually prepare for
"the marriage" or union. The image of the young bride also stands for receptiveness. In this context,

ones receptiveness ("openness" to new influences, or other) may (and/or should) expand or be
renewed.
Commentary:
The hexagram is composed of trigram Sun, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing,
the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience), above Gen,
the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information).
A tree (symbolized by Sun, the wood) grows slowly. [JLK: If it is to become mighty, then all the more.]
Likewise, the preparations for the marriage of a maiden, according to Chinese custom, proceed
gradually, with due liberation and consideration. If these are carried out fully and correctly, good
fortune results.
In this hexagram, progress leads to a commanding position, i.e. a tree on the top of a mountain,
visible for a great distance.
The symbolism of the lines concerns the wild goose, which according to Chinese legend flies towards
the sun. In the Western hemisphere one could find a parallel in the snow goose, which often flies to
the mountains from out at sea.
~ Profile
These persons will acquire ever increasing knowledge, influence and power, especially if a path of
self-development is undertaken.
Lines
"JLK: Gradual development (gradual progress, progressing into a whole, infiltrating, reaching)
will be misfortune.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like when the wild geese are gradually
approaching the shore.
A young officer (a young son, an inexperienced, ignorant, and/or foolish person), in similar
circumstances, will find himself in a position of danger (encountering difficulties), and he will
be spoken against (there will be negative talk, and/or gossip);
But there will be no mistake; No error.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) making certain that he will pursue and
find what is right (superior, strong, loving); In this there will be no error."
JLK: That which one is considering and/or which is at the center of ones inquiry, is right (correct,

and/or in good order) and leads to a situation of stability and safety (like landing on shore after a
journey on the ocean), but one is lacking experience (maturity) concerning the matter at hand. This
could be dangerous or lead to various forms of difficulties (generally mild, comparable to what can
result from negative talk, and/or "gossip" with minor consequences). It's therefore essential to look for
additional sources (information, tools, ways, or methods) to deal with the matter at hand.
How to deal with the present situation is described in the 1st line of hex. 52, the Mountain (the
Immobile, the Stillness). One should "keep the toes still", be "grounded", and/or take "root" into the
situation.
Gathered sources: The danger in which the young (or small) officer (the youngest son, or that which
is in a comparable position) finds himself, is owing to no fault of his in the matter of what is right (and
correct).
The others might be gossiping (talking negatively). But there is nothing wrong (there will be no
mistake, no error).
In the case of a marriage, new relation, or change (in the relationship), this line indicates gossip,
although "the marriage" is not unfortunate.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be clever, talented, and virtuous. Early in his career he will
enter a position of leadership, and will continue or make gradual progress. He will be alert for
opportunities, but will never act in a haste. He will always be progressive in his thinking and deliberate
in his actions. Destiny will favor him with a rich and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have many hardships early in life, but will make slow,
steady progress. Hew ill establish himself, personally and professionally, late in life.
At the start of any enterprise have long term goals.
There is gossip about the union you are striving for. If you are aware of it you can make progress.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) gradual development (gradual progress,
progressing into a whole, infiltrating, reaching) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses,
the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Gradual development (gradual progress, progressing into a whole, infiltrating, reaching) is

approaching the large rocks, where they eat and drink, (while) joyfully, (happy) and at ease.
JLK: Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) establishing (and/or working to
realize) the right conditions "to marry a young girl".
Gathered sources: Like "the wild geese gradually approaching the large rocks": they eat and drink
joyfully, and at ease, but not without having earned their food.
The fortune occurs in the shape of delicious and Great amounts of food (material, and/or physical
satisfaction).
In the case of a marriage, new relation, or change this line indicates material (substantial) success.
One is (was, might, or will be) enjoying material (substantial) fortune. It is (was, might, or will be) a
good setting for achieving ones goals. One should not hesitate to share ones good fortune with
others.
JLK: Alternatively, this line may hold the admonition that while one has (may, or will have) "earned
ones food", this does not imply one has (or will have) acted in a (generally) trustful way or with
sincerity. A lack of sincerity will always have to be paid for, sooner or later, in one form or another.
Thus, conversely, one may have to ask the question if ones "eating and drinking" is well measured
and appropriate (in accordance with Heaven's law, and/or the ruling principle), or merely a matter of
indulging in vain pleasure (and/or ambition), which has its own risks. By being (appropriately)
moderate in ones desires, one creates an opportunity for favorable things to come to one, that one
may not have thought of.
Alternatively, this line may point to the fact that one is at risk of only being concerned by ones own
well-being (such as through eating and drinking), while oblivious to the troubles of those around one.
Sooner or later, the problems of others will affect all, in some way or to some degree, and this line
may indicate that one will have to be of help to those near to one. Also, learning from the problems of
others, will bear fruits for ones own affairs (in the form of experience, knowledge, and understanding).
Therefore, the superior one will be attentive and appropriately concerned and involved with being of
service to those he can help.
Thus, this line may advise to be "eating and drinking" together with (the) others (i.e. share
nourishment), so that there will be solidarity and cohesion, which will lead to new and/or better
opportunities.

General comment
The second line is the position of an official, and as line 2 is here a Yin line in its proper place he will
receive the support of the strong ruler (line 5).
This line depicts a person who has found a safe place in which to live, with plenty to eat and drink. In
the material world, most gains are achieved in a setting of conviviality.
The wild goose is said to share its good fortune, and a man likewise will benefit from sharing his. One
must give in order to receive, and the value of sociability as a means of giving and receiving is well
established.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a high position, supporting the nation and its ruler,
and helping to stabilize conditions and bring about improvements. His efforts will be effective, and he
will be respected at all levels and duly rewarded. He will have an interesting and highly satisfactory
life in all respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a leader in an influential position, with ample
means, and enjoying a generally easy life. Later he may live in seclusion or travel abroad
considerably.
Appropriate sociability is an effective tool.
A path of activity is opening up. Follow it, and good fortune will be yours.

3
progressing into a whole, infiltrating, reaching) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like when the wild geese are gradually advanced
unto the dry plains (an unknown - dangerous, desert, lively, or "dead(ly)", no life sheltering -
place).
If a man (the husband) goes (is, was, or will be) away (on an expedition), he does (or will) not
return.
Then (also) a woman (the wife) may (or will) be pregnant but will not give birth to her (new)
child (or the child will be born too late, things will go "too slow");
And/or she will not be able to raise her child or make it be (live) strong (healthy, and/or in a
balanced way) by herself alone.
JLK: When one is small (weak, in an inferior position) and alone, one will have to look for help
from what is Great (strong, in a superior position), and numerous, to withstand the elements
(difficulties);
For this, one follows the way(s) of what is Great (strong, superior, righteous).
Reaching out to (the) other(s) can help, if done in the right way and under fair conditions.
There is (was, might, or will be) misfortune, which might result in evil.
It is (was, might, or will be) advantageous to resist plunderers (bad, evil, weak, or small
people)."
JLK: If there is still time, if one might be in a situation similar to the man or the woman described in
this line, then the man should not move outward (not go on expedition), but move inwards, while the
woman should pay great attention to the relation she has with her man (or what is like that), and avoid
him going out (on expedition). Neither one should venture onto (especially) the "dry" plains (the
desert).
Under all circumstances one should work on protecting against robbers and thugs, and/or what can
be like this (it may even be ones own bad habits). Move inwards, and protect.
When one is small (weak, in an inferior position) and alone, one will have to look for help from what is
Great and strong (righteous) and numerous, to withstand the elements (difficulties). If one can not find
(obtain) such help, the difficulties will pile up (accumulate). So one has to "reach out".
The superior one will look for nourishment (physically, spiritually, and/or conceptually) in what is Great
(strong, creative, right, loving), and what he can know about. For this he is (was, might, will, or should
be) observing and learning about what has already been "stacked up" and "grown tough", what is
already existing, accumulated, and/or built.
Alternatively, this line may indicate that one is (was, might, or will be) dealing with the loss of what
would (and/or should) otherwise have been a fertile situation. This is regrettable, but may be
something one has to resign in.
One must choose to be practical. One may have to learn about how things are done, what can be
done, and what not. One may have to learn what the practical effects are of ones own action(s),

and/or of not having a good partner in life at ones side (such as a good husband for a woman, or
conversely a good woman for a man, either of which when missing would result in there being no
children, no fertility). One may have to learn to "let go" of things, and find alternative ways to deal with
what is at hand.
Alternatively and/or additionally, the image of the line's comment may also be a reference to the
occurrence or necessity of a close or even secret alliance.
Gathered sources: A man (the husband) is (was, might, or will be) on the point of (leaving, and) going
away, and does (or will) not return: one separates oneself from ones comrades, of ones usual
associates (or way of associating).
A woman (the wife) is (was, might, or will be) pregnant but will not give birth to her child: she has
failed in her course. It means one is (was, might, or will be) loosing ones way.
"It will be advantageous to resist plunderers": this way, one might preserve one another. It means this
is a good time to punish (restrain and resist) those who are bad (weak, small, or who behave
irregularly). It calls for ones readiness to take the appropriate measures for protecting one and
another (protecting oneself means that perhaps, someone else may be protected as well).
There is (was, might, or will be) no use, and no profit in going away (on an "expedition", or to be
fulfilling an endeavor), and not to return (as going towards the dry plains, or desert). It will only lead to
The fact that "the husband does not come back", means that going away (on an expedition, and/or
trying certain alternatives related to the issue at hand) is (will, or would be) like being separated of
ones normal companions (or world), or going (in-) to a hostile area, too far, or too high. The woman
(the receptive, the weak, the small, the unclear, the dark) who (or which) is (to become) "pregnant",
and the child (what is new, creative, and lively) being born (too) late, means that due to one (possibly)
going away, or getting lost, the "birth" is (will, or would) not (be) noticed, not occurring (if the
pregnancy may not be brought about, or if the woman, or the child are "plundered", or destroyed), or
be (too) late.
At this time, it is good to resist acting on the spur of the moment, or in a rush (as this is/would be
resulting in wasting ones energy, vitality, and limiting ones capacity to discern and analyze), and it's
good to resist what may bring harm, or damage. It is not good to have anger over (or towards)
oneself. It is good to elevate ones consciousness, freeing and, liberating oneself, and (the) others.
Forgiveness may be the best medicine, here. One must remain firm, and persevering, but without
forcing things, or being aggressive.
To try to force things, while applying ones willpower, is (was, might, or will be) obstructing, and
blocking that which is (or may be) (truly) good for oneself, and it is (was, might, or will be) causing
loss.
It is good to feel the presence, peace, and power of what is Ultimate, and Godly.
Think right (correctly), and something right (correct) will come from this.
The danger, the unknown, and the difficulties are indicated by the central position of this line in the

lower inner trigram the water (the danger, unknown, Ultimate, lively, unpredictable, and incalculable).
In the case of a marriage, a pregnancy, a new relation, or (radical) change of ones circumstances,
this line indicates misfortune when one of the parties will be going away, or change things in a way
that is too radical, or extreme (or when acting in a way that is inferior, small, weak, unclear, dark, or
open).
General comment
Here, as in some other hexagrams, line 3 is a strong line without a proper correlate. This signifies that
the person it depicts is in a difficult position, as the geese would be, when lost on an arid plateau.
The other statements imply that one is like a husband who does not care for his wife, or like a wife
who does not care for her child. These both are conditions that lead to misfortune.
Specific comment for relationship:
If you or your partner will go away (as on an expedition) or be lead astray, this could bring misfortune.
It may be that in that case a good opportunity will be lost.
The occurrence of this line may be a warning to avoid such an untimely departure or that such can
occur even when maintaining the relation. In the latter case it means that you should watch to keep
your relation close and "in tune", and take care of each other, avoiding that either of you will stray
away into a "lifeless desert".
On the other hand it can be a warning not to act alone, or try to force the culmination of your projects
and activities, and not to be reckless in your efforts at advancement. If you're wise you will see these
potential pitfalls and avoid them. You may also be subjected to unjustified accusations, and will have
to defend your position frequently, through tight words and actions.
~ Profile
The person depicted by this line will have a tendency to act alone, to try to force the culmination of
projects and activities, and to be reckless in his efforts at advancement. If he is wise he will see these
potential pitfalls and avoid them. He is also likely to be subjected to unjustified accusations, and he
will have to defend his position frequently, through tight words and actions.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be courageous and erudite, and, with experience, will be
able to contribute much of benefit to his country and to the world. He will have ample material means,
but will meet with opposition professionally and will face trouble with his wife at home.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will enter a career where traveling and being away from
home much of the time are involved. He will not be noted for his sociability, and he may separate from
his wife and children. He will not have a desirable life.
Never lose faith, even during dire difficulties.
Analyze your situation. Learn the lessons indicated by your recent mistakes.

4
progressing into a whole, infiltrating, reaching) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones
Gradual development (gradual progress, progressing into a whole, infiltrating, reaching) is

(was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with, through) the way of
advanced to the trees.
They may sit (rest, or take position) on the flat branches;
This is (was, would, or will be) no mistake!
There will be no error."
Gathered sources: "They may sit (rest, or take position) on the flat branches": there is docility in the
line, going on to flexible penetration and organization. There is (then, in that case) no mistake; No
error.
The fact that one succeeds in finding a favorable (correct) branch (way) indicates willful acceptance
and softness (penetrating, confusing and organizing).
In the case of a marriage, new relation, or change this line indicates one is marrying someone who is
extraordinarily friendly and considerate.
JLK: Alternatively and/or additionally, being able to "sit" on the "flat branches" symbolizes how one
finds a support (a tool, a way) to manifest ones wishes or ideas, in order to find rest (peace) and
recuperate.
In a more general way it may indicate that one is (was, might, will, or should be) finding rest (peace,
recuperation). For humans this would be equivalent to sitting on a bench in a park.
General comment
The upper trigram is symbolized by the tree, and the geese have now arrived there. Since the goose's
feet are flat it will have much difficulty in trying to perch on a branch.
The lesson to be drawn here is that the person depicted by this line must be sprightly and nimble, but
even so he will be subject to danger. This trigram represents humility, so if he can combine humility
with these other traits there will be no error.
With adaptation on your behalf, you may be able to find a situation that will fit your needs.
The adaptation consists of being reasonably easy to go along combined with a certain modesty.

~ Profile
A weak forth line does not suggest auspiciousness, but these individuals will be able to develop
themselves, personally and professionally, so that they can render valuable service for the benefit of
many.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of exemplary morals and strength of character.
He will be well qualified, and in a high position. He will make an excellent diplomat or negotiator. He
will achieve much merit, and will have a good, satisfying and uncomplicated life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will find it hard early in life to make a living and. to establish
himself. By being circumspect reverent and frugal, he will gradually improve himself and his life, and
in later years he will reap the rewards of his diligent and persistent efforts.
Personal and professional development will overcome handicaps.
Cooperate and act in good faith with good intellectual friends.

5
progressing into a whole, infiltrating, reaching) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat),
through (in, with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in, with) the way things

will be advantage.
advanced to the high mound (or hill).
A woman (the wife, the receptive) for three years does not become pregnant;
But in the end the natural issue cannot be prevented.
If there is (was, might, or will be) a (new) connection (bond, and/or encounter), then in the end,
nothing can hinder, and there will be abundant results. Then there will be good fortune.
JLK: If there is (was, might, or will be) no (new) connection (no bond, and/or encounter), then
there can be no advantage."
JLK: Here, there is a potential for good fortune, but there are delays and/or difficulties.
If there is a connection (bond, and/or an encounter), then notwithstanding the difficulties and/or
delays, nothing can hinder, and there will be abundant results. But even with the circumstances being
right, there are delays, and things will look (be) uncertain, which can cause further difficulties.
If there is no connection (no bond, and/or encounter) with the object of ones pursuit, or with those (or
that which is) related, then there can be no advantage.
Gathered sources: In the end the natural issue cannot be prevented (nothing can hinder) and there
will be abundant results.
"There will be good fortune": the one depicted in this line will get his (or her) desire, but only after
some time.
In the case of a marriage, new relation, or change this line indicates a really happy marriage (or to
become so).
General comment
Having a child and heir is symbolic of achieving ones desires. The summit is a high place, and as one
approaches high positions in life one often meets with envy, slanders, malicious gossip and
opposition. It is only by having firm goals and concentrating on them perspicaciously, and by making
oneself worthy of the higher position, that one can achieve it.
Specific comment
Your desire(s) may very well materialize, and in the end nothing will stand in your way. However, the
result of your efforts may only be seen only after some time.

~ Profile
The person depicted by this line will have the qualities and character necessary to attain his aims and
purposes, but they will only materialize later in life, after much diligent persistence.
Most auspicious (in the best case): In his youth he will be exuberant, ambitious, energetic and
relentless in pursuit of his desires and goals. He will be ready to set the world on fire. After much
experience, which he will refine into wisdom, he will achieve his purposes and be highly successful,
personally and professionally.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will choose the path of devotion to self-development, rather
than work for the improvement of others. He will possess, or will attain, modest means, and will later
live a secluded life. He may marry late in life, but will have few children.
Recognize that opposition is a natural part of advancement. 6. Never cease rendering service to
others.
Remain steadfast through today's early difficulties. They will clear up later.
progressing into a whole, infiltrating, reaching) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the
ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like the wild geese (who are) gradually
advancing to the large heights beyond.
Their feathers (or something to be proud of) can be used as ornaments for the sacred dance
(or rituals).
JLK: The occurrence of this line shows how one (or that which is at the center of the matter at hand)
is in a process of gradual advance. This does not necessarily mean that what occurs is right, but
merely that it is part of a process that will bring one to what is (lying) higher. It is a sacred process.
This line calls for exemplary conduct, so that "ones feathers" can be used as "ornaments" for the
"sacred dance".
Gathered sources: Their feathers can be used as ornaments; "There will be good fortune": one’s
object and character cannot be disturbed.

The "ritual feathers" indicate that what occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) in accordance with
customs and (ancient) tradition.
Seeing wild geese flying up towards Heaven, is considered as seeing the symbol of virtuous,
exemplary behavior. Also, goose-feathers may be used ornaments for a (religious) cover, hat, or cap.
This line indicates ones path rises high toward Heaven, like the flight of wild geese when they have
left the earth far behind. There they fly, keeping to the order of their flight in strict formation. And if
their feathers fall, they can serve as ornaments in the sacred dance pantomimes performed in the
temples.
Thus the life of a man who has perfected himself is a bright light for the people of the earth, who look
up to him as an example.
The achievement, and progress that is symbolized by this image, implicates that one has overcome
(the problems of) the past. One’s virtue is recognized, and one may be awaiting a new life (or new
experiences).
Thus, one (still) carries a joyful, and happy message within oneself. The peace of what is Ultimate,
and Godly, dwells in ones heart, and the light is radiating. One is moving forward, and rising (coming
up).
In the case of a marriage, new relation, or change this line indicates that one is marrying (with) one
who is fulfilling a public position, and who is able to carry the responsibilities that has been bestowed
upon him.
~ Profile
These are persons who will become intellectual leaders, as their mentality will be developed beyond
the material realm. They will be noted writers, orators, educators, spiritual leaders, and eminent
artists, etc., who give of themselves for the benefit of others.
The sacred rituals in ancient China were a means of reminding persons to perform their duties and
follow the right paths for progress in life. Hence the work and efforts of these persons will be of
(greater or lesser) benefit to mankind.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of noble character and great virtue, with a
magnificent ability to communicate. He will have a deep love for people, and will be respected by
them in turn. His work will be of great benefit to mankind. He will have a good life, with many friends
and ample wealth.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will not be concerned about fame or fortune. He will live a
secluded life, or become a monk or priest and work for the benefit of mankind in that way. He will be
beneficent but will have no wealth.
Never cease rendering service to others.
Be thankful for the blessings you have received. Share them with others.

Hexagram 54, The Marriage (the Marrying Maiden, the Long-Term Association)
- Gui Mei (Kuei Mei)
The theme of this hexagram is that of starting a new long term relationship, like when marrying. The
example used is that of a young girl who is marrying (the marrying maiden).
The Image says:
"the marriage; marrying; the one who is marrying; the marrying maiden;
beginning a long-term association:
Thunder over the ocean (the lake).
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) understanding the transitory,
changing and reversible, in the light of (the) eternity, and that of the end, as well as the change
that occurs in periods, or in merely (just) a moment.
Having regard to the far-distant end, he knows, and learns (about) the mischief (the mistakes,
and errors) that may be done at the beginning.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) contemplating, honoring, and
commemorating, what has humanly been created by the ancestor(s) (those preceding), the
other(s), and oneself.
JLK: The Great Man will take into account who (and/or what) will (or should) in the end
(ultimately) associate (work) together (join forces), in a way that is right (harmonious), and
who (and/or what) will (and should) not;
He will know what will be the right basis (foundation, condition) for this, and what not, as well
as what will stay constant for this, and what will change."
JLK: Hex. 54, The Marriage (the Marrying Maiden, the Long-Term Association), shows thunder
(arousal, shock, movement, consequences) high above a vast ocean (joy and sadness, exchange,
wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps). The
thunder is influencing the ocean, and projects its reflections on its waves. Likewise, relationships
and/or their quality are transitory (temporary and changing). This gives the idea of the marriage of a
young maiden, and how some relations will be regrettable (and lead to a regrettable destiny), while
others will be beneficial, even if not necessarily optimal.
The conditions and circumstances of a marriage (a marrying maiden, a long-term association) will
strongly determine on how things will be at the end, as described by inner hex. 63, Finishing and
Completing (At the End, Being Aware).
Gathered sources: The upper trigram Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences),
represents the eldest son. The lower trigram Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth,
massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), represents the
youngest daughter. Together they represent the man leading and the girl following in gladness. It
gives the idea of the girl entering into her husbands house, entering a long-term relationship.
The thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) "moves" (has an impact on) the ocean (joy

wetness, swamps), and projects its reflections on its waves: this image may be seen as a metaphor,
symbolizing all that is temporary, and that is (was, might, or will be) seductive (due to the glistering,
the impact, and the "arousing" capacity of what is reflecting, and occurring).
Likewise, it also symbolizes the transitory nature of certain relationships and/or their quality. Every
relationship between individuals bears within it the danger that wrong turns may be taken, leading to
endless misunderstandings and disagreements. Therefore it is necessary constantly to remain
mindful of the possible end.
If we permit ourselves to drift along, we come together and are parted again as the day may
determine. If on the other hand a man fixes his mind on an end that endures, he will succeed in
avoiding the reefs that confront the closer relationships of people.
JLK: What has been created by the ancestor is expressed in, by, through, and thanks to everything
that remains of the physical and the spiritual heritage, as well as in, and by all that will characterize as
betrayal, it be emotional, spiritual, in ones faith, love, conscience, (good) taste, and associations. It
can be basic, general, cultural, linguistic, musical, sexual, or of any other nature that plays a role in a
relationship and the communication between those involved.
Likewise, if (and when comes the time that) one will understand that ones situation is the result
(consequence) of a long line of actions, started in the (distant, and ancestral) past, and how this
influences ones situation and position, one may come to find, or recognize what has come about as
being artificial, not wholesome, nor truly sane. Then one may come to disengage from the occurring
situation and be led to only give what may be (righteously) expected, while losing ones fate, or inner
truth (and strength). Or one may be led to try leaving the situation altogether (like an ostrich hiding
ones head in the sand, or running on without a sense of direction).
If one has the opportunity to change the situation altogether, and reform what is not right and/or not
working well, and so that things will be more wholesome and true, this is fortunate and will lead to joy.
If not, one will be stuck in a situation that will lead to sadness.
Because of all this, this hexagram does not - as such - indicate a fortunate marriage (relation, or
Great and long-term endeavors). Depending on the lines, the circumstances can turn out to be quite
unfavorable. Here, modesty, discretion, and (silent) withdrawal may be the appropriate way to adapt
to the demands of the time, situation, and circumstances, while one should (or may) even expect the
end of the association at the center of what is occurring (the marriage, relation, or situation).
Hex. 37, the Family Bond (the Allegiance, the Commitment), shows how, and why beings and/or
things join (come, bond) together, or not. Here, in hex. 54, what is at the center of the issue at hand is
the question of what is to be the right basis (foundation, condition) for marriage and/or association
(collaboration), what will be its long-term consequences, and/or what will stay (remain) of a certain
marriage and/or association (collaboration).
Gathered sources: It is by paying attention to what will occur in the (very) beginning (in the smallest,
or what seems to be the least significant of occurrences), that one will know about the errors that are
(were, might, or will be) occurring.
The lower trigram, Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and
openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps), indicates exchange, happiness and
sadness, which may be projected, or which may occur (as) "hidden" ("camouflaged", or while ones
perception of it is influenced), and/or restrained, by the impact (arousing, awakening, consequences)
of the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), the upper trigram.

The Judgment says:
"A marriage, marrying, one who is marrying, a marrying maiden, beginning a long-term
association:
Considering what are the right conditions for these will bring success.
Undertaking something (starting a new endeavor, going/departing to a new destination) now

(under the occurring circumstances), will (or might) bring misfortune.
JLK: Coming (completing, or arriving at a destination that was already determined and which
one has already engaged in) is (was, might, or will be) producing (much of) the result that is
(was, might, or will be) anticipated, although there is no guarantee of obtaining good fortune,
as this demands extra efforts (possibly of other kinds).
To be superficially upright is (was, might, or will be) not advantageous.

An improper match will result in a regrettable marriage (long-term association).
(While) contemplating, assessing, and living through the circumstances, and conditions, one
learns, and knows (about) the mischief (the mistakes, and errors) that (may) occur at the
beginning (early, or when young, inexperienced, and/or erratic).
JLK: One must look for love, and wholesome, truthful unification (and fulfillment).
If such is possible, this is good, and leads towards what is superior, and Great.
If such is (made) impossible, then this is not good, and one should not go on.
One is (was, might, or will be) celebrating the change of, and the commitment to what was,
what will be, and what will become."
JLK: The text mentions that here, "to be superficially upright is (was, might, or will be) not
advantageous". The Mawangdui text simply mentions: "To be upright is inauspicious". However, it is
always right to be upright, if only inwardly. The actual issue is that what might look "upright" in one
way, may well be very wrong when looked at from another angle. It is not right to have preconceived
(stiff, old-fashioned, unnuanced, one-sided) notions (beliefs) about what is right and wrong. One
might always forget to consider a certain angle or aspect. There are many cases where what is right
on one level (in a certain context), is wrong on another level (in another context), and vice versa.
What may be right at the beginning, may be wrong at the end, and vice versa, which is why the
superior one is (was, might, will, or should) carefully studying what lies at the beginning, the origin of
things, as it defines what will be found at the end.
In case of doubt: what is (genuinely) right is what will be right on the long-term, and for what is great
and loving. Yet it may not be right to reveal ones views (or truths) to others (and/or in a way that is too
bold), if the others are not ready for it, and/or are incapable of honoring ones uprightness, especially
when ones uprightness may lead one to being attacked and/or persecuted, of which the risk to benefit
ratio will have to be weighed without any "shallow uprightness".
The opposite can also be the case, where merely adjusting ones views and behavior on those of
others, such as to appear "upright" and/or "correct", without doing a real effort to be genuinely upright
in accordance with the laws of the Universe, results in "shallow uprightness", and/or hypocrisy, which
may not be sufficient to avoid misfortune.
There is also the case where one is not at the capacity of being (genuinely) upright, simply because
one does not actually know or understand what is (genuinely) right, and what is (genuinely) wrong, as
a result of ignorance, a general consensus of "shallow uprightness" (and/or inappropriate "political
correctness"), and/or a (general) lack of sincerity, which has made the boundaries between right and
wrong become (or appear) blurred. It may (also) be that one doesn't (yet) understand what is truly at
stake and/or important (for the matter at hand). The superior one will have to sort things out further,
as appropriate as possible and as required by the times and circumstances.

Under the occurring circumstances, going to a "new destination" (and/or new status of things) might
bring misfortune, while coming to a destination that has already been embarked on will give the
results one can reasonably expect, based on what one can know. This will also depend on the
occurring active lines.
Gathered sources: Here, "the marriage" (the long-term relation, or bond) occurs within a context of
evaluating and assessing one (-self) in relation to someone, or something else (or the other(s)), as
well as the grounds, and fundamental (and "inherited") principles by which things occur.
(Some-) one is (was, might, will be or might be) seduced, tricked or imposed to give ones service,
and is (was, might, will be or might be) influenced, because of a lack of control over external
circumstances. This is not necessarily bad. But the marriage, or (purposeful long-term) relation, as
such will be a risky business. There will (or might) be no control over the situation.
On one hand one is imposed to give ones services (due to "external" circumstances), on the other
hand, one (-self, or somebody else, while hidden, or out of the view) is (was, might, or will be)
seduced to give ones service, in a way that will be detrimental to ones activities, to ones household
(or -keeping), or to ones private life (as well).
There is an ancient Chinese warning attached to this hexagram whereby it says that the situation as
depicted here, is like that of a second marriage. The man (the creative, active, strong, Great, or filling)
obtains a younger girl (the woman, the small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, or open). She will never
obtain the same rights and status as the first wife that got married to him. Nevertheless, whatever one
obtains, it is good to remain grateful for what is, or already has been received (as blessings).
JLK: Likewise, a man marrying, or beginning a long-term relation with a girl that has been married or
involved before, will always be confused by the girl, with those who came to her before he did. This is
because the woman (through her nature) is receptive and passive, whereas the man (through his
nature) is creative and active.
Thus, here, the limit occurs where the woman can only be "receptive" (passive, open, dark and
unclear) to a certain extent before being "spoiled", or "overloaded", and becoming abusive, and/or
misleading (manipulative), which as a consequence makes her loose (the true "fullness", and
attractiveness of) her femininity.
In contrast, the man reaches his limit in being creative (strong, active, right) by his own dynamics
(actions, creativity). Either he finds a way to "expand" (explore) his creativity (and make it evolve,
while remaining free), or he is confronted by a superior power that will altogether crush and/or destroy
him.
Thus, one contemplates real life, where the girl of the image (attached to this hexagram) can occur
(manifest) in the form of a weak (passive, follower) man (or just any occurring set of "receptive"
circumstances), and where the man can occur (manifest) in the form of a strong (active, leading) girl
(or an occurring love, passion, or other creative energy).
Gathered sources: Also attached to this hexagram is the image where (in a polygamous marriage or
association) the younger wife is trying to dominate, or win the influence (or standing) of the first wife
(generally older, and more experienced), (attempting) to fulfill (all) the needs of her husband (the
creative, active, strong, Great, or filling).
Likewise, in (modern) marriage (or relations), success often (mostly) depends on discretion (holding-
back), and on ones acceptance to (a certain amount of) compromise: (often) this may seem as an
essential way of expressing ones affection (and love). But compromising too much is never (durably)
good.
Therefore, the meaning, and warning connected to this, is that (some-) one may be accepted

amongst others (by someone, marrying, or beginning a long-term relation, or bond) on the condition
of practical use, or (easy) opportunity (as the result of hypocrite, unwholesome, and possibly
egotistical, egocentric, non-considerate, or sociopathic intentions, or for the needs of others).
If the circumstances are good, then there is (was, might, or will be) no (or little) doubt, and there will
be opportunity for success (or achievement). If not, there is (was, might, or will be) be misfortune,
which one should assess, decide, and anticipate on with apprehension and vigilance.
Commentary
The hexagram is composed of the eldest son, Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement,
consequences), represented by the upper trigram, leading the youngest daughter, Dui, the ocean (joy
wetness, swamps). This is unfavorable in two ways, firstly because of the wide disparity between the
ages (characteristics) of the partners in the marriage, and secondly, because the bride comes to the
groom’s home, rather than he coming to her home. Hence, the omens for the hexagram are not very
good.
As is well appreciated, situations are often not what they seem, and that is true in this case. There will
be frequent miscalculations and misrepresentations. Extreme caution is recommended, especially at
the beginning of anything new.
~ Profile
Those depicted here will be enthusiastic, and would like to be progressive. However, circumstances
will circumscribe their potential and usefulness. The inner hexagram shows that matters, on the
whole, have already reached a state of completion, and that advancing further would bring about a
state of decline rather than progress. Applying circumspection can result in a satisfying life.

Lines
"JLK: Marrying (one who is marrying, the marrying maiden, beginning a long-term
association) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with)
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) as the young girl who is married
(associated) (while she is as) in the position of a concubine.
And/or one (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like a cripple (difficultly moving)
man who can (did, might, will, or should) walk (advance, go on).
Advancing thus portends good fortune, even if it's not at full strength and/or not sustainable
for very long.
JLK: One should ask the following questions -

Who (or what) will be trustworthy, and (truly) reliable?
Who (or what) will be truly caring (following, obedient, conforming) like a woman can (and
should) be?
Who (or what) will be the wise one managing (ruling, or helping) the other(s)?
And who (or what) will be cripple (and how)?
Good fortune!
For one who is (was, might, or will be) in a disadvantageous situation, going forward will be
fortunate. Knowing when to stop will bring the good fortune to completion."
JLK: While the judgment of this hexagram on its own indicates it is not advantageous to go
(undertake something), and while coming (arriving) to a destination will bring what has been
anticipated, here, it is emphasized that it is good to advance, i.e. to go on with what is already started,
in the way it has been started, while one has to decide very carefully what (and/or who) one will
consider to be trustworthy (and to what extent). Under the occurring circumstances one manages to
"walk" (advance) but it's not in the best (most reliable) of ways. As long as one realizes this, things
might be fine. But if one tries to go beyond (for example walk faster than) what is presently possible
(attainable), and/or to reach a new "status of things", this might go wrong.
Alternatively this line may indicate that one is at risk of not seeing, understanding, and/or knowing
what the long-term consequences will be, for what is presently being considered (the issue at hand).
There is always a risk of not being able to anticipate how things will evolve. While the Judgment
indicates that "undertaking something (starting a new endeavor, going/departing to a new destination)
would (normally) bring misfortune, here as long as one manages to walk (move on, advance, evolve),
and as long as one is guided by what is right (good, loving), one will eventually reach a destination
that will be good (right, loving).
The fact that one who is as a young girl and ready for marriage, and/or becoming a concubine, is in
itself not something favorable, but there are cases where it may be better than what was awaiting
otherwise, at least for the time being. Still, one has to question if the situation will be reliable, and one
should endeavor to manifest (living, social, or other relevant) conditions that are more wholesome
and sincere.
Thus, this line describes a certain improvement of things, even if they are not ideal. It is better to be
somewhat able to advance and/or see, than not at all. Thus here, if (and/or as long as) one can
advance and/or see instead of being forced to stay immobile and/or blind (to things), then this is
good. However it will not occur at full strength, and/or will (or should) occur only for a limited time

(and/or in a limited way).
The image of the maiden being married (associated) as a concubine further suggests that what is at
the center of the matter at hand is meant to be a temporary solution, since such a relationship is not
the right basis for a long-term success (on both sides).
Gathered sources: "The young girl (the sister) is married (marrying), as in the position of a concubine
(or secondary wife)": it is the constant (regular) practice in the presently occurring case.
The girl (the woman, the small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, receptive, or open) marries, thanks to
her firmness (perseverance, or anticipation).
The image of the one lame on one leg, suggests the idea of one helping the other. Thus, one who is
limping (and/or moving with difficulty), yet (under the present circumstances) manages to move along.
Going forward (going on) will be fortunate, although this may be relative and should be (re-) assessed
(reconsidered): it is better to be (or have) a concubine, than to stay unmarried. It is better to tramp (to
limp, to move with difficulty, yet to be progressing) than not to walk (move, progress or advance) at
all!
Thus, one may question who will be the "wise" one ruling (helping, or managing) the other(s)? And
who will be the cripple? And how will (all) this occur?
Should one understand that one was crippled to begin with, or that such occurs only (from) now
(onwards), that this may (still) come (or worsen) later on, or should one understand that one is wise
and helping (the one who is cripple)? Or that (in fact) this is all true at once?
Also attached to this line is the image of ancient China, where the princes maintained a fixed order of
rank among the court ladies (who were subordinated - lower in rank - to the queen, like younger
sisters to the eldest). Frequently they came from the family of the Queen (the wife of the ruler), who
herself led (guided, or negotiated) them to her husband.
The meaning (that arises from this image in the context of this line) is that a girl (the woman, the
small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, or open) who is (was, might, or will be) entering a
family with the consent of the (already present) wife(s) (the woman, or women, the small, weak,
receptive, passive, receptive, or open) will (and should) not rank outwardly (at the exterior, or in
public) as the equal of the latter (the already present woman, or women), and (therefore, she) will (or
should) withdraw modestly (with discretion, or tact) into the background.
(However,) if she (one) understands how to fit herself (how to apply oneself) into the pattern of things
(finding her, or ones correct role, way of behaving, outlet, or type of creativity, activity), her (ones)
position will be entirely satisfactory, and she (one) will feel sheltered in the love of her husband (the
creative, active, or filling) to whom she (then) is (might, or will) bearing children (new life, activity, or
creativity).
This type of relationship can (may) also exist between officials. (Some-) one may be enjoying the
personal friendship of a prince (the ruler, or governing), and (therefore) be taken into his confidence.
Outwardly, this person must (may, will, or should) keep tactfully (modestly, and with discretion) at the
background behind (after) the (other) minister(s) of state. But, although one is (was, might, or will be)
hampered by this status (position, or circumstances), (just) as if one were lame, one can be (was, is,
might, or will be) accomplishing something, (if only this may occur) through the kindness (friendliness,
or gentleness) of ones nature.
This also means that if one is (was, or will be) not gentle, or friendly, and (as a consequence) difficult,
the appearance of this line indicates problems when going on, fulfilling one aim(s), goal(s) or
endeavors, due to (some-) one being unable to adapt appropriately to the present position, or
circumstances).

One may have to "manage" and guide (finding the right directions, and ways for) ones mind, or
behavior If one will be laborious, while happy and precise, in ones subconscious one will react
positively to this, while it allows obstructions to disappear, and to be cleared away.
General comment
Although this is a strong line in the right place, it is held back by the strength of Yang lines 2 and 4.
Thus its effectiveness is likened to a concubine who serves as a secondary wife, and to a lame man,
who can still walk but not as effectively as others.
Hence these persons will be limited by external conditions beyond their control, e.g. the situation into
which they were born, obligations they must fulfill to their families or to creditors, or contractual
commitments. A desire to serve and to rise in the world will be there, but only a few will break through
and overcome the limitations that bind them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be quite well educated and virtuous, but he will not have
the opportunities to demonstrate his abilities or his usefulness. He will follow matters through to
completion, but will receive no help or support from outside. He will have only small accomplishments
in life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will carry undertakings through to completion, and will
finish everything he begins, but he will have severe hardships and impediments along the way.
When in a secondary position still try to do your best.
You are in a secondary role regarding some important matter. Nevertheless, good results can be
obtained by doing whatever is required.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) marrying (one who is marrying, the
marrying maiden, beginning a long-term association) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones
Marrying (one who is marrying, the marrying maiden, the long-term association) is (was,
will be advantage.
The dimmed eye can (still) see.

One (what occurs) is as being (was, might, will, or should be) blind of one eye (seeing,
focusing, "aiming", inquiring, or "studying" in a limited, or "one-sided" way), and yet able to
see.
There will be advantage in maintaining the firm correctness like that of a solitary widow (or a
hermit).
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) good, and/or should be taken, from the standpoint of a
prisoner, for (some-) one who is (was, might, or will be) (as) locked up, put away, or
suppressed and unable to directly see (or observe) what lies hidden behind (what are like) the
walls (or boundaries of confinement).
This can be expected, and is in no way out of the ordinary."
JLK: One's eye is dimmed, or blind(ed), yet one is (was, might, will, or should be) still able to see
(sense). Ones capacity to see, and/or ones view (sense), is very much reduced or limited, due to
being impaired, blocked, and/or as can be the case for a prisoner who wishes to look outside. Yet
somehow one is still able to see, observe, and/or understand. This brings advantage.
Gathered sources: "There will be advantage in maintaining the firm correctness of a solitary widow (or
hermit)": the subject of the line has not changed from the constancy (conditions) proper to a woman
(the wife, the widow, or hermit).
This means that, for the time being, there is no change in the way things are going.
The image attached to this line is that of a girl (the woman, the small, weak, receptive, passive, dark,
unclear or open) who is married (in a relation) to (with) a man (the creative, active, strong, or filling)
who has disappointed her.
The idea (connected to this line) is that man and woman (husband and wife) should work together like
"a set of eyes" (it be 2 eyes, or more), like "one unified organism".
Here, the girl (the woman, the small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear or open) is left behind in
loneliness. The man (the creative, active, strong, or filling) of her (ones) choice has either gone away
(leaving) or has died.
JLK: Or, as the image suggests, he is (as) a prisoner.
Gathered sources: But she (one) does not lose the inner light of loyalty. Though "the other eye" is

gone, she (one) maintains her loyalty, even in loneliness.
The eye also symbolizes spiritual perception.
That on which one will focus ones attention, will lead, or dictate the way along which one moves (or
progresses).If one will focus on what is right, even if one has only one eye, one will move towards it,
and it will react, or come towards one (as by itself, even if late, or later).
Thus, "being blind of one eye, yet able to see", may indicate one moves by the (limited) information
obtained by one eye (by pursuing in one-way, or direction), while this results in a sight on things by
which one can (still) move (act, or go on), and therefore (while going on) this will lead one to see the
rest (or "more").
Therefore, in the case of someone who is confined, "locked up", "put away", or isolated (from
someone, or something), the advantage of being able to see, where one is (was, might, or will be)
(actually) blind, is an advantage that is out of the ordinary.
General comment
Unflinching loyalty and singleness of purpose are symbolized here. It is like a widow who resists all
further offers of marriage, preferring to die rather than be disloyal to her late husband. A one eyed
man can see and can concentrate on one thing at a time, but has no depth perception.
~ Profile
Ancillary matters will not be properly taken care of by these persons, and therefore they will not rise
high. This is because this is a strong line in a weak place, and supported by a weak line 5. A
breakthrough from these limitations can be made if appropriate partners and associates are found.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will cultivate himself, personally and professionally, but his
personality will limit his effectiveness. He will be ambitious and will work diligently. He will be faithful
and true to all his commitments, and will have a comfortable life, despite not rising very high by
worldly standards. He will be respected by his family and by others as well.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will have sufficient, or even abundant, means, and
consequently will have a reasonable standard of living. He will be of benefit to others, but never to the
extent of receiving acclaim or a great reputation.
Have unflinching loyalty and singleness of purpose.
Normally you ought to work with and support your superior. Here you are faced with a matter you
must handle alone.

3
marrying maiden, beginning a long-term association) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) as a young girl (woman) who is married off (starts
a long-term relationship) in a position of slavery (as a servant, or in a low position).
And/or: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) as a servant (maid) who is married off
(starts a long-term relationship) as a concubine, and who accepts this.
JLK: One must question if one ought to accept such a position (perspective, and/or point of
view), how long it can hold, and what should be required of it."
JLK: The one (or that which is) at the center of the matter at hand is like a young girl being married
like a concubine. There is (was, might, will, or should be) some improvement, but things are far from
ideal, and may not hold for a very long time.
The image of the young girl being married (associated) as a concubine further suggests that what is
at the center of the matter at hand is (normally) meant to be a temporary solution, since such a
relationship is not the right basis for a long-term success (on neither side).
Still, for the girl, it may be an improvement. It shows how a maid servant can become a wife. It may
show how the third wife may see her position improved to being the second wife.
Additionally, for a man this line may advice to have more than one wife, but that all should be treated
with as much respect possible, and that each should be allowed to have her position improved when
appropriate.
Conversely, it may be that here, what is (was, might, will, or should be) precisely (and explicitly) not
occurring is that the maid (or what is like her) is marrying (in a position of slavery, as a servant, or
secondary wife). In that case, "not marrying" (not giving oneself away) may improve her self-respect if
doing the contrary would not have been enough to keep it.
Thus, depending on the context, this line may advice to do what's necessary to (let one) preserve
ones self-respect, wealth (means, resources), inner joy, and/or positive exchange (communication)
with others and/or the Universe. This may be necessary for oneself or the other(s).
Gathered sources: The young girl (the woman, the small, the weak, the dark, or the unclear) is (was,
might, or will be) at first a servant (a slave) before becoming a concubine, as is indicated by the
unfavorable and improper position of the line.
There is (was, might, or will be) a certain (amount of) progress, but it is (was, might, or will) not (be)
(of) the most favorable (kind).
Likewise, a girl (the woman, the small, receptive, dark, unclear, vulgar, or open) who is in a lowly
position, and who finds no husband, (here) may in some circumstances (still) win shelter as a (kind
of) "concubine" (a kind of "extra").

This may (also) picture (some-) one who longs too much for joy (happiness) that can (was, might, or
will) not be obtained in the usual way (also see hex. 58, Oceans Exchanging (the Joy and Sadness,
Wealth), line 3). One enters in (going, or moving towards) a situation that, altogether, is (was, might,
or will be) not compatible (in accordance) with ones (amount of) self-esteem.
There is no (specific) judgment attached to this line, except maybe that the progress may not be of
the most favorable kind: the situation was already not favorable to begin with, at the origin. It merely
lays bare the actual situation, so that all (anyone) may draw ones lesson from it.
The main benefit of what is occurring at present may be that here (just as in the first line of this
hexagram), it may be better to "walk (or move) with difficulty" (in a difficult position) than not at all,
though this will (very much) depend on the inner truth (reliability, dignity, respect, friendliness,
gentleness, and love) that one will be experiencing, and encountering (or not). Here, the position
indicates that these (kind of) virtues will be difficult to find (or obtain) in the other(s) (in what is
encountered, what one is returning to, or marrying).
In general, it is better to be aware, and know that one can not compromise with life (itself): there are
no "easy" deals. One never need to compromise what lies inside oneself (and/or things, or "within"),
to which one can turn oneself looking for what is good, and full of love. Ones subconscious will react
to this in a favorable way, and will be rewarding one for such a (re-) quest.
General comment
Line 3 is weak where it should be strong, and at the top of the trigram Dui, joy, but without a proper
correlate. Therefore, this person will have a tendency to seek and to obtain pleasure in other than
right and honorable ways. The result is that the maiden will not have the right background to become
the principal wife, but with a change in her ways she may find a position as a concubine. Sensuality
and sexuality will tend to hold sway over this person's life. He will have many periods of irritability, as
well as fleeting periods of pleasure and joy. Without proper associates and goals, little progress, if
any, will be made.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have limited talent, will be modestly well educated, and will
possess a knowledge of, and training in, virtue, but he will have an effete conscience. He will be able
to accomplish small things with much effort, but all attempts towards major accomplishments will be
blocked.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have erroneous ideas, and will direct his energies
towards the wrong goals. Fortune will not favor him. He may have to be supported by a rich wife or
another wealthy person. He will have a difficult life.
Beware of the dangers of trying to obtain things by improper methods.
Hold back. Wait for a more propitious occasion.

4
marrying maiden, beginning a long-term association) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones
Marrying (one who is marrying, the marrying maiden, beginning a long-term association) is
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) as a young girl who stays unmarried for
an unusually (uncommonly) long time.
She (or one) may be late in being married (entering, or beginning a long term relation), but the
time (the day) will eventually come."
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) waiting, such as to avoid a regrettable
association or move, until the right opportunity will occur.
The waiting, as such, can be viewed as an unfavorable circumstance. But under the occurring
circumstances, not waiting means that there will be no results, and/or no advantage.
Gathered sources: This line may hold the advice that if one will firmly hold on to ones values,
withstanding the pressures to compromise or settle for less, one will be amply rewarded.
One (or what occurs) is like a "young girl" who is waiting to get married, due to certain circumstances
and/or due to her refusing to "settle for less". After the waiting and/or obtaining what is wished, things
(like marrying, or starting a new relationship with someone or something) may be done all the better.
Like the girl (the woman, the small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, or open) who (which) is
(was, might, or will be) deciding to wait with marrying (associating, or communicating), one is (was,
might, or will be) acting in accordance with this by waiting before taking action (or moving).
Here, the girl (the woman, the small, weak, receptive, passive, dark, unclear, or open) is (was, might,
or will be) virtuous. She (one) does not throw herself (or oneself) away and allows the customary
(normal amount of) time for marrying (entering a relation) to slip (pass) by. However, there is no harm
in this. She is rewarded for her purity and, even though late (belatedly), she is (might, or will be)
finding the husband (the man, the creative, active, Great, strong, or filling) intended for her.
One the other hand, it does indicate that one must carefully pay attention to (reading the signs for)
when it will truly be right to proceed (being adequate, with, through, and in time).
Thus (also), this may depict one who is weighing (assessing) what may occur in the future (or may
have occurred in the past), in view of what one intuitively feels to be right.
This line may indicate a time (or period) where one feels, or meets with the necessity (or urge), to
change direction (ones way of acting, moving, ones goal, aim, or endeavor), or to be waiting (holding
back).
If (some-) one feels the obligation to be waiting (e.g. because of ones self-esteem), it may look as if a
Great opportunity will pass by (unused). But here, it is in accordance with the circumstances, and it is
(still) possible that an appropriate occasion (opportunity) is (might, or will) (be) occurring, though one
must (through, with, and in time) avoid to let all opportunity go by unused.

~ Profile
These individuals will have firm goals, and will carry out correctly what is required of them while
waiting for their aims to materialize. They will never use improper methods, preferring always to be
honest, forthright and trustworthy. They will be calm and patient, but by no means placid. They will be
constantly involved in improving themselves, personally and professionally, and will know where they
want to go.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a knowledgeable person of high intelligence, who
follows proper methods and the golden mean. His development in early life will be slow, but in his
later years his goals will be fulfilled and he will have a very favorable existence in all respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be quite well educated, but will only have modest talents.
He will encounter numerous impediments and difficulties. He will probably marry or have children, late
in life. His life will become easier in his later years.
When delays occur maintain firm correctness.
If you are too servile and ingratiating, your advice will only be given secondary consideration.

5
marrying maiden, beginning a long-term association) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat),

advantage.
The emperor's younger sister is (was, might, will, or should be) wearing garments at her
wedding less regal (less beautiful) than her bridesmaid's.
One might be trying to please (some-) one, while being so to the "next one" might (or will be)
be more important (or appropriate).
And/or otherwise: even if one (or what occurs) is not being appreciated, or not being the
center of attention, (yet, still) this does not (need) stop one (from) beholding Great beauty, and
capacity!
This (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like when the moon is almost full:
Then (at that time, or under that condition) there is (was, might, will, or should be) good
fortune!
JLK: Thus, going on with the marriage (and/or long-term association) is (was, might, or will be)
leading to a flawed (unbalanced) measure of strength (talents, capabilities);
(And/or) If going on with the marriage (and/or long-term association) is (was, might, or will be)
leading to such difficulties, then things are not right, and there can be no (genuine) advantage.
If one leaves things unfinished (without rounding off), like the moon not yet being full, this will
be fortunate; One may have to cancel (and/or postpone) ones initial decision (concerning
marriage, and/or long-term association), as there is (was, might, or will be) more to know
(and/or experience).
One must not continue on a path one knows little about, that is (was, might, or will be)
doomed to fail, and/or the consequences of which one has no (reasonable) guarantees for;
Thus, it is good to learn about (and understand) the things that are at stake, and how things
may evolve."
JLK: It is good to renounce to the wedding (establishing, and/or pledging to a certain association, or
bond), or renounce to what is like this, even though there are many positive sides to consider. After
all, there are few things as unfortunate as an unhappy marriage.
There is (was, might, will, or should be) a better option or opportunity laying ahead than what one is
considering at present. This is like when a man is on the point of marrying a woman, but there is a
younger, more suitable woman who would offer a better prospect (for various significant reasons).
An important theme of this hexagram is that of an improper and therefore necessarily unfortunate and
regrettable marriage (match, relationship) - as mentioned in the judgment. Even if the woman to be
married here may have many good sides, she's not the right match. Therefore going ahead with the
marriage, in particular if this is due to being "superficially upright", is (was, might, or will be) leading to
difficulties. If there is still time, one will do better by looking for the alternative.
This also calls for the most courteous (friendly) and respectful behavior and handling of all parties
involved, so that if the marriage (association) is canceled (broken-off), none will loose their face
and/or good reputation. After all, the woman offered for marriage is (like) the emperor's younger

sister. The first is not someone to be insulted, while the latter may well suffer the pride, arrogance,
and haughtiness typical of a heiress to power and wealth!
The fact that the emperor's sister is wearing a wedding dress that is less beautiful than her
bridesmaid's may furthermore indicate that jealousy and/or rivalry may be a potential problem for the
matter at hand. The jealousy and/or rivalry may occur between the bride and her maid, but it may also
occur between the bride and her husband to be, and/or his friends and/or associates.
Furthermore, it is to be expected that the daughter of the emperor may feel entitled to many things,
many of which a husband may well have very different ideas about, especially when it concerns
matters of personal interaction (i.e. between the both of them, outside official duties). This will
necessarily lead to conflict between her and her husband.
It is important to realize that a better (more appropriate) match is awaiting for all parties involved. So
canceling the association can be viewed (and should be presented) as a "win-win" situation.
The appropriate way to handle things is not to cut things off abrubtly, but to let things be like the moon
when "not yet being full". Welcome the moon reflecting the sun's rays, i.e. that which is (was, might,
or will be) good, but don't let things get too full (at this stage, under the occurring circumstances).
The fact that a marriage is (actually, truly) unhappy, is generally only understood after a certain
amount of time has passed, i.e. after (at least) a "full moon", or several full moons (the equivalent of a
month or more). Here, the (main) reason why the marriage is unhappy, is that the bride is too
powerful and/or demanding (due to her background, not due to her personal qualities as such). There
will be a lack of balance between both partners that will lead to a power-struggle (a conflict, and/or a
complete degradation of the relationship). The consequences of this might be kept within bounds, but
it's far from an ideal situation.
In a more general way, this line may indicate that what is at the center of ones inquiry is (was, might,
will, or should be) not appreciated (considered, or valued), even though it beholds certain beauty
and/or capacity, because there is, was, will be) a better opportunity ahead (for what is at the center of
the matter at hand).
This line may come up upon canceling an association (or marriage), which then confirms it is the right
thing to do.
If one is in a situation as described in this line, and unable to avoid it, this line may advice to make the
most out of it, by pacifying things (respectfully) and by not taking matters to their extreme end. There
are still many good sides to be found for the occurring situation.
at hand.
Gathered sources: The situation is like that at the marrying of Emperor Yi's sister (the princess, or
occurrence). The style of the sleeves of her dress (clothing, wrapping, or "ceremonial gear"), then,
(just as in the case of what is occurring at present), were, (and are) not as beautiful (right, correct,
and full of blessings) as those of her still younger sister (the young(er) girl, the bridesmaid, or
occurrence), who accompanied her in an other (different, or an inferior) and/or (even) hidden
capacity:
"The Emperor's young sister, or his (even) younger one (the girl being the one at the center of
attention, or the other (and younger) girl, or occurrence)": who (or what) is to be given away at (what
is like) the "marriage" (and/or to be starting a long term-relation)?

Who, or what to choose (to marry)?
"This is like (or occurs) when the moon is almost full": not yet at its peak, but far from beginning.
"Then (at that time, or under that condition), there will be good fortune!": good fortune is found if
(when, once) )one is completing, not when merely starting (in that case one should adapt and prepare
for long-term).
One might be trying to please (some-) one, while being so to the "next one" might (or will be) be more
important (or appropriate).
In some cases: even if one (or what occurs) is not being appreciated, or not being the center of
attention, (yet, still) this does not (need) stop one (from) beholding Great beauty, and capacity!
The subordination of characteristics and abilities is sometimes necessary in order to achieve one's
aims and purposes. However, once such a course has been decided upon, it is vital to carry it through
precisely. One will not be eclipsed by so doing, and in the end good fortune will arise, both for oneself
and for what one is endeavoring to accomplish. Only knowledgeable and wise persons with strong
characters can successfully act in this manner.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have great innate intelligence, wisdom and strength,
together with virtue and broadmindedness. He will follow such courses as are known to be
successful, and he will be free from vanity. He will accomplish many worthwhile projects, and will
receive fame and rewards. His life will be highly favored in all respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be similar to the most auspicious, but not as daring, nor
will his accomplishments be of such great scope or value. He will be modest and frugal, and will have
a good life.
Do whatever is required, regardless of circumstances.
Guard against ostentation. Even be subservient today if necessary, but not ingratiating.

6
marrying maiden, beginning a long-term association) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the
What occurs is as (when) a young lady who is (was, might, or will be) bearing the basket, but
without having anything (sweet) in it, and the gentleman who is (was, might, or will be)
slaughtering the sheep, but without blood flowing from it.
In that case there is (was, might, or will be) no advantage in any way.
JLK: But if one changes and endeavors to give ones best, how could one fail Heaven?
Thus, the superior one is is (was, might, will, or should be) making certain to give his best,
whenever and wherever necessary, in accordance with Heaven's law (the ruling principle,
wisdom), and will renounce to what is unnecessary (leading to difficulties, danger, and/or
incalculableness)."
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (as) carrying an "empty basket", and "slaughtering a sheep
without blood (flowing from it)".
The empty basket symbolizes the idea that, under the occurring circumstances, there is nothing of
real (or Great) value and/or dedication (which could lead to what is valuable). A young lady is "bearing
a basket", but there is nothing in it; Or, if there is, there is nothing sweet, or "lush" in it.
The gentleman is "slaughtering the sheep", but there is no blood flowing from it, may mean that "the
sheep" was (as) not bearing any (real) "life" (or health) before this occurred, or (also) that his "knife"
does not make "the blood flow".
In that case, "there will be no advantage in any way": the meaning of this is unambigous.
Alternatively, this may mean that not to have an (predetermined, limited) objective (a place to go to, a
goal, or an aim) will be advantageous.
This may (also) be compared to the image of (what is like) a vegetarian meal for someone who is
used to eat meat; Or for someone who is vegetarian, a vegetarian meal without fruits ("tastiness", or
savor).
In ancient China, at the sacrifice to (and in honor of) the ancestors, the woman (the small, weak,
receptive, dark, unclear, or open) had to present (carry, or bring) (her) harvest offerings (such as
fruits, grains, or other "lush" vegetarian produce) in a basket, while the man (the creative, active,
Great, strong, or filling), slaughtered the sacrificial animal (and life beholding nourishment) with his
own hands. Here, the ritual is only superficially fulfilled. The woman carries an empty (or too
modestly, and insufficiently filled) basket, and the man stabs (cuts, or "attacks") a sheep which is
already slaughtered (beforehand), or dead; Only to preserve the forms. This impious, irreverent
(disrespectful, or dispassionate) attitude bodes no good for a marriage (or relation).
Thus, "the basket" leads one to question on what one is (was, might, or will be) finding in it. The
"sheep" leads one to question on what is (was, might, or will be) its "liveliness", or energetic worth.
If one will fill "the basket" with what is "fertile", (fruits, or other) and full of "love", then this is what will
come out of it. If one elevates "the sheep" to be living correctly, when comes the time to slaughter

(sacrifice, or consume) them, this will (then) still be possible, and useful.
At this time one may be at risk of (being forced to be) keeping up appearances, while (in reality) the
situation is (was, might, or will be) devoid of happiness, and not really (be) fertile.
JLK: Thus, this line may (also) hold the advice that if one has no other option than to go on with what
is at the center of the matter at hand, then one should expect no "sweetness" nor "fresh meat" (albeit
some form of nourishment can be found, since there is a sacrifice occurring, it's just not really
adequate). One will have to detach from ones desire for such things. Any advantage will be limited, if
occurring at all (genuinely).
Conversely, this line may advice to only act with the highest sincerity, being fully involved (i.e. not
merely "going through the motions"), and to offer truly nourishing (strengthening, productive) food
(nourishment), and/or resources (means, wealth, joy). One must always consider the possibility of
having to give more of oneself, or do better (possibly differently). Giving the best one can offer, and
more if possible, in that case how could one fail Heaven?
Since here, the ocean trigram is in the lower position, one will have to make extra (substantial) efforts
to bring it up.
Alternatively, in a more general way it may be that the one at the center of the matter at hand is (was,
might, or will be) not obtaining the best possible gain (profit, nourishment), or the best of what is at
the center of the matter at hand, as it has not been offered correctly, or can not (yet) be done so. In
that case there can be no advantage.
General comment
The marriage contract is broken, and the man and the woman both go to the temple to offer a
sacrifice. However, there is evidently great insincerity, as the offerings are a pretense, i.e. an empty
basket and a sheep that is already dead.
~ Profile
The right attitude and correct attributes are not available for union, unless this person undergoes a
change of character. These persons have certain lessons to learn, including that of trying to find
satisfaction wherever they are, since fate prevents them from accomplishing anything great.
Most auspicious (in the best case): Although he will have many talents he will gain neither high
position nor fame. Although he will be noble his salary will not be of comparable stature. He will marry,
but will have few children.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have many periods of solitude and many hardships in
life. The more he tries in the external world, the worse he will fail, until he changes inwardly.
Insincerity bodes evil.
Your thoughts are likely to be insincere today. Do not act.

Hexagram 55, the Abundance (Plenty and Full, the Vast Heritage)
- Feng (Fêng)
The theme of this hexagram is abundance and fullness in their most literal form, which may either be
like a rich source of blessings, or (on the contrary) of difficulties, or even an obstacle for reaching
ones goal(s).
The Image says:
"the abundance; the fullness; the plenty and full; the excessive Greatness; Great arousal;
Great awakening; the vast heritage:
The thunder and the lightening appear, and operate together.

The thunder projects the lightening onto a lower location.
The fire provokes the release of the thunder at a higher location.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) cutting his way through trials, and (if
necessary) chastises (disciplines) (others, and/or himself).
Thus, he learns what is (was, might, will, or should be) rewarded, and what not. He learns how
punishment (loss) and reward (profit) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring, or not, in,
with, and through time.
The Great Man will decide (in matters of justice, and/or divine law), imposing and clarifying the
necessary judgment and/or punishment, or on the contrary, the appropriate reward."
JLK: Hex. 55, the Abundance (Plenty and Full, the Vast Heritage), shows the thunder (arousal, shock,
movement, consequences) feeding on the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth,
cutting, activating or draining of energy). This produces an abundance of movement and clarification.
The time of abundance (what is plenty and full, a vast heritage) is one of a measure of forces, as
described by inner hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner Preponderance).
The abundance shows what is punished, or on the contrary, what is rewarded.
The occurrence of this hexagram may indicate an attitude (a way of doing) that is (was, might, will, or
should be) oriented on how to obtain a profit (a reward) from something, and/or how to avoid a loss (a
punishment).
Thus, this hexagram may indicate the occurrence (and/or result) of a vast "heritage", and the strength
and resources this provides. Conversely, it may indicate a notable absence of such a heritage
(strength, resources), or problems related to what one has "inherited", such as for receiving and/or
experiencing it.
Gathered sources: The abundance (fullness) comes together with exceeding Greatness, as depicted
by the inner hexagram: hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner Preponderance).
Thus, a lot of power and strength occurs, as from within, exploding high and bright, like that of the
thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) high up in Heaven, projecting its brightness (the

fire, illumination, clarifying, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) onto a lower
location.
This hexagram has a certain connection with hex. 21, Organized Biting Through (the Litigation, the
Enforcement of the Rules), in which thunder and lightning similarly appear together, but in reversed
order. In that hexagram, laws are laid down (established), here they are applied and enforced
(executed). The fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or
draining of energy) within (inside, below) makes it possible to investigate the facts exactly (with
lucidity), and thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) without (outside, above) ensures a
strict and precise carrying out of punishments.
JLK: This hexagram is the reverse of hex. 56, the Wanderer (the Traveler, the Temporary). In that
hexagram chastising (or hostility) occurs due to provocation by a wandering entity, or traveler
(confronted by human laws and customs, the temporary principle), as a result of appearances that
are betraying (symbolized by the upper trigram, fire). In hex. 55, chastising is a result of divine
intervention (enforcing Heaven's law, the ruling principle), as a result of consequences (symbolized by
the upper trigram, the thunder).
Gathered sources: The upper trigram Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences),
projects (what is like) lightening, in the form of fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection,
warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), unto a lower location. This is like that which is Godly
and arousing, projecting enlightenment, passion and exhaustion unto (through, under, or in) a lower
place.
Vice versa, the lower trigram Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth,
cutting, activating or draining of energy), projects and allows for the release of the thunder (arousal,
shock, movement, consequences) unto a higher location (in a superior way).
Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), represents movement and its
consequences. Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or
draining of energy), represents flame and clarifying (brilliance). Clarity within, movement without - this
produces greatness and abundance.
This hexagram pictures a period of advanced civilization. However, the fact that development has
reached a peak suggests that this extraordinary condition of abundance cannot be maintained
permanently.

The Judgment says:
"Abundance, plenty and full, excessive Greatness, Great arousal, Great awakening, a vast
heritage:
This is what is (was, might, or will be) bringing success, and/or is (was, might, or will be)
giving difficulties, or obstruction.
The Great Man achieves (attains, finds or encounters) completion and fullness;
Don't be sad.
Be like the sun at midday.
JLK: One must navigate (and decide) by what can clearly be observed (like a sun, a star), what
is abundantly clear, and/or abundantly awakening (a consequence of what came before, and/or
set in movement by it).
If things are eclipsed (darkened), and stay that way (stagnant, with no new and/or alternative
source of light, brilliance, clarifying, warmth, and/or energy), there will be sadness, and no
advantage.
Therefore the superior one is (was, might, or will be) adapting (himself, and/or things), and
shines (radiates) his light (brilliance, clarifying, intelligence, warmth) unto the world."
JLK: If the "abundance" occurring (related to the matter at hand) shows that things are (already) full,
then there may be no advantage. The right state is to let things abound, expand, fill, boundlessly.
The image of the sun shows such limitless abundance in its benevolent radiance. But even the sun
will eventually reach the end of its daily cycle, which is not something to be sad about, but to
celebrate in all its (endless) fullness, albeit not before that time should come. For the moment, be
radiant as the sun at midday.
One must navigate (move, and/or decide) by what can clearly be observed (like a sun, a star), and
what is abundantly clear. Once the sun has sunken into the earth (when darkness has set in), one
can use (what are like) "the stars" for this.
The text advises not to be "sad". Consequently, and conversely, the understanding to be taken from
this is that, if (related to the issue at hand) one is sad (depressed, eclipsed, not radiating and/or
expanding) there will be no advantage. This is especially true when dealing with what is painful
(exhausting, and/or draining energy).
This holds the core idea of what has popularly become known as "the Law of Attraction". By following
a path of radiance and development (expansion) one will attract what goes with it, and move towards
(and/or obtain) something new. By following a path of eclipse and stagnation (contraction), one is
cutting off options, especially good ones (which one may desire) that could otherwise easily be
obtained.
Additionally the advice "be like the sun at midday" may hold the indication that if, for the matter at
hand, one is as "after midday" (such as at the end of the day, or more generally: beyond the middle
ground, over half-ways), and/or if things are (already) too full, there is (was, might, or will be)
sadness. One should remedy this sadness by following the previous advice: one must be radiant (as
best as one can manage), and allow for some relaxation so that things can abound (anew) in a way
that is right.
Thus, conversely, since the advice is "be like the sun at midday", if the sun (or what is like this) is
sinking, it may indicate to follow its rhythm, and give things a rest. This will allow one to "shine as a
sun" inside,

Gathered sources: The significance of hex. 55, the Abundance (Plenty and Full, the Vast Heritage),
Feng, is that of being Great and abounding.
Brightness, radiance, intelligence, but also exhaustion and congregation are the directing energies.
This is like the light of exploding thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences) high in Heaven,
as provoked by the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or
draining of energy), from out of a lower location. Like the sun at the highest point of its trajectory, at
the point of sinking back down.
The warm, passionate and explosive character of the hexagram depicts a general healing and
enlightening selflessness and goodwill towards all, an attitude that will exclude arrogance and strife,
when joy and general wealth will diminish.
Its inner hexagram, hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner Preponderance), depicts
the enjoying and sharing of the wealth, the joy, or sadness, high, but restrained, as kept "within",
occurring with the impact of the thunder and the arousal it brings high in Heaven.
What is occurring is like the realization and establishing of a period of Greatness, of peace and of
abundance, which is not something given to any mortal human, or in (just) whatever a way (and not
necessarily in a way that one will presently be able to fully anticipate). One can only realize such, if all
energies are aimed towards what is Great, and full of love. Such fullness can generally only be
sustained for a limited and brief period. Therefore, as a result, after fullness, one who is wizened and
blessed, might well feel sad in view of the decline, or decay that must follow. But this type of sadness
does not befit him, and is out of place. Only if one is free of worries, care and sorrow, can one lead
during times of abundance. One should be like the sun at noon, illuminating , and gladdening
everyone, and everything under Heaven.
Commentary
The trigram Zhen, the thunder (arousal, shock, movement, consequences), is above, and leading the
trigram Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or
draining of energy), below and within. This combination is bound to produce abundance. This
abundance can be for good or for bad, depending on how it is obtained and the attitude associated
with it. Every rise is followed by a decline, according to the law of change (unless something new is
injected to replace the old). One should not be sad, since every day and every cycle of events serves
its intended purpose. One should maintain an attitude like the sun at its zenith, cheering, sustaining
and helping to enlighten all.
One's individual position, given by the controlling line, is important, since this determines one's
relationship to the abundance and its nature.
~ Profile
All persons born under this hexagram will have good minds and will tend to be active and energetic,
irrespective of their circumstances. All will strive to perpetuate abundance.

Lines
"JLK: Abundance (fullness, Great arousal, Great awakening, a vast heritage) is (was, might,
One is (was, might, or will be) meeting a partner (an association) that is destined for one.
To be together for ten days (or ten periods, i.e. for a limited/short time) will not be a mistake,
and there will be no error; No blame.
Going, doing, will meet with recognition, and honor
To go on for more than ten days (ten periods, or "ten") will be harmful."
Gathered sources: There is no mistake in what is (was, might, or will be) occurring, but it's important
not to let things go on for too long (or too often). If things are left to go on for too long (and/or too
often), then this will cause damage.
This depicts one meeting or being together with a partner that is destined for one, or with what is
(was, might, or will be) ruling "ones destination", or "destiny", it be a friend, a prince (or officer) of the
same kind (or rank) as oneself, a teacher, a King, a mission, a calling or kind of ideal.
To bring about a time of abundance, a union of clarity with energetic movement is needed. This line
may concern a situation where two individuals possessed of these two attributes are suited to each
other, and even if they spend an entire cycle of time together during the period of abundance, it will
not be too long, nor is it a mistake. Therefore one may go forth, in order to make one's influence felt.
It will meet with recognition.
Things have to abound and come together within ten days, i.e. before or within "the completion of
ten", or "before the 10th hour". Thus, ten days can also indicate ten centuries, ten years/a decade, ten
hours, ten minutes, or ten seconds (generally speaking: ten time periods). In most cases, this may
essentially mean that the time period to be considered for what is at the center of ones inquiry, must
be limited, and not too long.
Thus, under the presently occurring circumstances, one may be doing something during ten days (a
"limited time"), but if one goes on any longer than this there will certainly be difficulties and
To abound, or go after, or beyond ten, or beyond what is a complete time period, will bring misfortune
or calamity: things will be too full, too abundant.
This can also indicate that "beyond ten", things might be obstructed from the view, or not be in a state
as that of "the open mind".
General comment
Here, because of the nature of the hexagram, i.e. clarity combined with action, we have an exception
to the normal rule regarding line correlates, and even though lines 1 and 4 are both strong, they are
said to be destined for each other. Therefore, even though they may work together for a complete
cycle of activity, signified by the expression 'ten days,' there will be no error. The progress made will
meet with approval. Wisdom is being supported and helped by appropriate action.

~ Profile
The persons depicted here will have characteristics and abilities that are recognized by their
superiors. They will receive help and support from those above them, as if being specially favored or
tutored. This help will be very beneficial if properly accepted.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be talented, magnanimous, wise and just, and living in a
period of prosperity. He will be drawn to, and work with, persons of like mind, character and ability,
and will achieve major accomplishments. He will have a good and beneficial life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will know that his talents and abilities are above average, but
he will become arrogant and selfish. He will disdain help when proffered, and will frequently have
disputes with others. He will have an unhappy life.
Cooperate with fate and destiny.
You will find yourself associating with a person of like mind. Work with him closely.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) abundance (fullness, Great arousal,
Great awakening, a vast heritage) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the
Abundance (fullness, Great arousal, Great awakening, a vast heritage) is (was, might, or will
will be advantage.
The curtain is so dense that the pole-star can be seen at noon. Ones advancing now will be
viewed with suspicion and distrust.
Through sincerity, confidence is regained.

Good fortune.
There lies so much (circumstances, or time) between oneself (or "that which is occurring")
and the sun (or its rising, the beginning of daytime, "the time of celebration and sacrificing",
or ones (point of) reference, or "landmark"), that it looks like "a dim star" (vague, unclear,
weak).
One is as surrounded by abundant screens and curtains, of such thickness, fullness and
largeness, that (even) at the middle of the day (when activity, or brilliance is at its peak) the
brightest stars or constellations seem dim, hidden and vague, although one is able to see the
Big Dipper (some point of reference).
If one will go on now, this will bring suspicion, and would provoke all sort of misfortune (or
anger), which might result in evil.
If one will go on (towards) enlightening that which is ruling (the ruler, ruling consensus) (either
oneself, or the circumstances), or the occurring "way of governing" (or set of rules) one will
encounter misfortune, or rise suspicion, risking to be viewed with a dislike.
Enlightening will as well carry brilliancy, congregating, betrayal, multi- or doublefacedness,

and exhaustion.
As confidence and faith will accumulate, and if one will nourish and cherish ones feelings of
truth, sincerity and devotion, this may move what is ruling, and there will be good fortune.
This way, trust and confidence will be increasing, which intimates the good fortune."
JLK: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) seeing (knowing, being aware of)
things that others can't see (know, be aware of), and one is (was, might, will, or should be) doing so
correctly. However, one should be very careful about how one proceeds, as the others may distrust
one (because of this), since they lack the vision and/or comprehension one has been blessed with.
Going on (advancing) with what is at the center of the matter at hand, will lead to misfortune. One
must focus on truth, yet without raising suspicion with those who can't handle it.
The reason why things are not bright, is symbolized by the image of an abundance of wood
(vegetation), which is the lower inner trigram of this hexagram. It can also manifest in the form of
"banners" like those of a ruler, government, and/or marching armies, advertisement (a flattering yet

often misleading representation of what is advertised), and/or as a curtain (hiding what is behind it).
Gathered sources: One is surrounded by what are like thick curtains, screens, buildings, bushes,
words, organisms, organizing or organizations, societies and associations, to the extent that even at
midday, or noon, the brightest stars (like the sun, or the polestar, or any type of constellation that will
allow to be guiding us ahead of our road or endeavors), seem dim and obscured. But still, one is able
to see beyond this, and to distinguish and know the positions of stars like the Dipper. It means that (if)
even during the day, "physically", one is not able to surpass or look beyond ones enclosed and limited
environment, house, or enclosure, as one is surrounded or obstructed from the view by thick screens,
curtains, bushes, or other. Still, one is able to distinguish, notice, know, or appreciate things from a
certain overall, cosmic, or environmental perspective or constellation, thanks to an extraordinary
vision, thanks to as for instance when reading and analyzing or localizing things in several ways, with
one or several maps, or systems (which are abundantly available). The latter is indicated by the inner
lower trigram, the wood, which can furthermore indicate the wind, the confusion, a vessel, a channel,
the justice system, the string, the word, the organism, the organizing, society, etc...
Enlightening, here, is capable of rising suspicion or leading to misfortune. Also see hex. 30, the Fire
(the Illuminating, that which Sticks and Exhausts).
Thus, to go on now, would lead to suspicion and provoke misfortune (evil, or anger). But it looks as if
trust and confidence are increasing.
An increase of the trust (and confidence) that has been bestowed on one, means that this will help in
reaching ones aim (accomplishing ones endeavor, or inquiry).
This line may point to a situation where one is able to see what others cannot see. One should not be
impatient with them (as this will raise suspicion and distrust), but take the time to reveal to others
what is obvious to oneself.
~ Profile
Men of clarity, vision and ambition are depicted here, but their fate is to be subjugated by jealous or
envious leaders. It is only through long, diligent, often frustrating, and single-minded effort, carried out
with absolute sincerity, that they can eventually overcome fate and rise to a level appropriate for their
character and ability.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will rise to a high position, but will face many difficulties and
hardships, due to a muddle-headed, jealous leader who believes he is trying to be usurped. Through
consistent virtuousness and sincerity, the handicaps will be finally overcome, and his later life will be
rich and rewarding.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will not be able to sustain himself adequately against
suspicious and bullying leaders, and will be subject to misrepresentation and defamation. Eventually
he will find his right position, and life thereafter will go smoothly.
Always beware of jealous or envious leaders.
You are nearly cut off from the help you need. If you use your intelligence fully you will find a correct
way to proceed.

3
Great awakening, a vast heritage) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
will be) occurring.
The obscurity is so great that one has to navigate (determine things) by the small brilliant
stars, even at noon (in the middle of the day).
Due to the darkness (openness, receptiveness, or smallness), one can come to break, or
cause injury to (what is like) ones own right arm (or leg);
But in this there will be no mistake (no error)! No blame.
JLK: One can remedy things (somewhat) by "shining like a star" (while still being cautious
oneself) for others to navigate by; Still, others may not have the capacity to see one (ones
light, and/or brilliance) clearly (due to the obscurity, and/or "underbrush")."
The obscurity is so great that he can see the small brilliant stars at noon. He breaks his right
arm. No error.
Abounding in profusion; Not allowing things to be (or become) like a Great matter.
Depending on how one will fill, one can end up being either plagued, or teased by the
elements."
JLK: When one is (was, might, or will be) distracted by what is inferior (small, dark, open, vague,
female, or evil) (yet abundant), and/or when certain things that are worth of being seen (or noticed)
are obscured (by the abundance), it is (was, might, or will be) impossible to achieve anything
(constructive).
This situation occurs as a result of being surrounded by what are like abundant banners (or low
underbrush, vegetation, organisms), to the extent that things are like when being obstructed by rain
falling down in abundance. These point to reasons that lie at the exterior, i.e. they occur not as a
direct consequence of ones own actions.
The way to handle the situation at hand is to navigate (determine ones position) by the stars, i.e. by
what shines "bright and clear", even when almost entirely obscured (as when in the middle of the
day).
Still, under the occurring circumstances there is so much darkness (openness, receptiveness, or
smallness), one can come to "break, or cause injury to (what is like) ones own right arm (or leg)": One
is at risk of harming (wounding) oneself, if one is not extremely cautious and accurate in seeing
(understanding) where one is (stands). Since here, there is no error (in what is at the center of the
matter at hand, or ones handling of it), it is a risk that has to be taken.
Alternatively, this line may hold the advice to (let oneself) be like a guiding star ("the stars") so that
others (or oneself) can navigate by it (them), and help them (oneself) avoid accidents (breaking "a
limb"). The matter that is at hand, the way of doing things, or an object, can also have an impact
when in the role of "stars". This should occur while still being cautious oneself (when navigating).
For this one may take the advice from the judgment, to "not be sad", and instead be "like the sun at
midday". Still, others may not have the capacity to see one clearly (due to the obscurity, and/or

"underbrush").
This 4th line is the middle line of the lower inner trigram, the ocean. For the 3rd line of hex. 58,
Oceans Exchanging (the Joy and Sadness, Wealth), the advice is to abstain from, or moderate,
bringing around oneself (and/or doing) whatever can guarantee, give, or create pleasure, or more
generally the fulfillment of ones desires.
Gathered sources: One is surrounded by what appears like abundant or many banners, or (also) a
type of screens, (low) buildings, (low) bushes, words, organisms, organizing, organizations, societies
and associations, to the extend that even at midday, or noon, it seems dark (see also line 2). Still, at
the same time, one is able to distinguish, to see, to notice, to know or to appreciate the smallest of
stars, their smallest detail, or in a general way: "the smallest of things and events", as with an
extraordinary vision, due to a certain overall, cosmic, or other environmental perspective or
constellation that can be observed, thanks to what is for instance like reading and analyzing or
localizing things with one or several maps, or systems (which are abundantly available, they occur in
the same way as the banners). The latter is depicted by the inner lower trigram, the wood, which can
furthermore be indicating a vessel, the wind, the justice system, the string, the organism, the channel,
the confusion, society, etc..., see hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly Penetrating and
Organizing).
The "abundant falling of the rain" (the screening) indicates that under the occurring circumstances, it
is (was, might, or will be) not the right time to accomplish Great things.
The breaking of a right arm indicates that the circumstances are in such a state of obscurity,
openness, smallness or darkness, that the most insignificant movement might allow a "right arm" (or
close assistant, or familiar way of assisting) to be breaking, destroyed, or handicapped. It might also
refer to a sprained ankle, and/or "tied wrists" (an inability to use ones hands, arms, limbs, and/or to
intervene directly, with agility). Therefore it is good to allow for a certain amount of reflection and that
which will be reciprocal (or a certain feed-back), but without "filling-in", or giving too much of whatever
one wants this to denote, or to be the case.
The "breaking of an arm", can also indicate that one has become totally useless. (this may concern
oneself, or someone else (others) whom one is depending on, which has to be assessed from the
context of ones question or purpose).
If one is lucky, one might succeed ending things by reversing the situation for the better, but only if
this can be done in a receptive way, or with a certain kind of passiveness.
General comment
~ Profile
By virtue of past karma, destiny will prevent these able persons from rising to great heights and being
successful, or even from being able to render any degree of useful service to others. They will always
seem to be in the wrong place, subject to incompatible rules and regulations, and to be under those
who deliberately or unknowingly fail to see their potential. They will also often fail to communicate
properly, and their intentions will thus be misunderstood. These persons almost never rise far above
these conditions. It is as if they are perpetually functioning with a broken arm.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be knowledgeable, clear thinking and honorable, but will
be placed under muddle-headed leaders. Any effort towards major gains in status or conditions will be
thwarted and obstructed by leaders and colleagues. He will have no major accomplishments.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have ability but will use it thoughtlessly, thereby harming
himself professionally and frequently hurting the feelings of his family. He will make a few successful

but small gains. In general, his life will be unsatisfactory.
Even the best of intentions can be misunderstood.
You are cut off from the help of others. Be patient, like a man with a broken arm.
Great awakening, a vast heritage) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones
Abundance (fullness, Great arousal, Great awakening, a vast heritage) is (was, might, will, or
There lies so much (circumstances, and/or time) between oneself (what occurs) and the sun
(the circumstances and/or moment of enlightenment, brightness, clarity, and/or its rising, the
beginning of the day, "the time of celebration and sacrificing", and/or ones (point of)
reference), and/or the wood (vegetation, curtain, banners, legislation, and/or advertising) is of
such abundance, that the sun (clarity, brightness) looks like a dim star (vague, unclear, weak).
Enlightening will carry brilliancy (clarity), as well as congregating, betrayal, multi-, or

doublefacedness (ambiguity), and exhaustion (a drain of energies).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) encountering (meeting) a partner
(associate) of like kind (of the same kind, or rank, as oneself).
One is meeting what is ruling in a way that is very much alike ones own (like meeting, or
encountering a prince, or a friend, but of the same kind).
To be meeting with (and/or encountering) what is ruling (and/or compelling circumstances) in

a contained and/or hidden way (in the dark, the shade, or within smallness);
This can be significant, when not bright (clarifying, or projecting); Indeed.
JLK: Here, a partner (or extra element) is (was, might, will, or should be) met who (which) is very
much like oneself, which results in a union that will lead to clarity (brightness, enlightenment), even
though the partner (or extra element) that is occurring (or introduced) may often act independently or
have (or impose) independent ways.
The fact that one is hardly seeing what is as (at) "the beginning of the day", indicates one can only
know little about how things are about to evolve (from what is as a "new start" of things), and/or that
things are cloaked in darkness (i.e. one is still at night, before the rising of the sun, clarity, and/or
illumination). One can not yet anticipate what is (was, might, or will be) required (of one) and/or what
will ultimately matter for the issue at hand.

The reason why things are not bright, is symbolized by the image of an abundance of wood
(vegetation), which is the lower inner trigram of this hexagram. It symbolizes what is gentle yet
organizing, an organism and/or (method of) organization, legislation, and/or confusion. Here it can
also manifest in the form of "banners" like those of a ruler, government, and/or marching armies,
advertisement (a flattering yet often misleading representation of what is advertised), and/or as a
curtain (hiding what is behind it).
General comment
A union of (and for) clarity and action, very propitious, even though it will frequently act independently
of the ruler (the main rules, or standard).
Lines 1 and 4 are proper correlates in this hexagram (see commentary under Line 1) and join their
forces together. This is a union of clarity and action and is very propitious, even though it will
frequently act independently of the ruler. Since guide lines are correctly followed, there will be good
fortune. Such independence needs to be frequently exercised by persons working for muddled or
inadequately qualified leaders. Those depicted here will have the ability and attributes necessary for
success in such a course of action. On the whole, they will be men of action, supported by the
wisdom of others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have a bright and constant virtue, which will shine forth, as
through a veil, like a gentle light. His thoughts, ideas and actions will all be meritable, but he will
always need the support and help of others to bring them to fruition. In this manner he will have many
worthwhile achievements, for which he will be duly rewarded. His family life will be enviable, with
much cooperation between all the members.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will leave his family and their enterprises to establish himself
on his own merit, but will find that he needs cooperation from others, which will be difficult for him to
obtain. He will have many hardships at first, with things becoming smoother later. He is likely to be
involved in financial matters in his career.
Combine wisdom with action for effective results.
If you unite wisdom and action today you can expect good results.

5
Great awakening, a vast heritage) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with)

advantage.
Men of brilliant ability appear. Blessings and fame come forth. Good fortune.
One is (was, might be, will be or should be) attracting, drawing, and/or is (was, might be, will
be or should be) surrounded by (people of) brilliant ability;
Arriving, coming, achieving and moving towards as well as abounding (into) a composition, or
wholeness.
Like the coming and going as it occurs through the times.

Like the rising of the sun (only logically to be followed by its sinking away).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) able to draw or surround by abundant
ways (lines, and words).
What occurs is (was, might be, or will be) congratulation and praise.
JLK: Is it appropriate or is it inappropriate? This will depend on how well what is praised will
be supportive of what is right (Great, strong, active, creative, loving).
One must make sure that all can be trusted. When fame and reputations are at stake, there is
always a risk of deception (betrayal, oversight, and/or errors), it be by the other(s) or oneself.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) observing indications about the "inner
truth" of those (or that which is) at the center of what is occurring."
JLK: At the center of what is occurring is some form of "show" (display of abilities and/or qualities),
which has (or will have) an impact on ones reputation, fame (reputation on a grand scale), and all that
it is related to. There may be fame (good reputation on a grand scale) and "flashiness" (as illustrated
by the fact that this is the middle line of the upper trigram the thunder), but one has to ask: is it good,
right, and/or justified?
Therefore, if it is of concern for the matter at hand, inquire again with the Yi Jing to understand if what
occurs is in accordance with what is genuinely good, light, and virtuous. One may have to use
another angle to clarify things, just as when what can be seen from the front of a stage will look
completely different when seen from the back of the stage.
There's a real risk that things might not be what they appear to be, or what they are made to look like.
There might be deception (betrayal, oversight, and/or errors), with a "golden rim" ("aura") of
benevolent graciousness (elegance), fame and/or praise. When fame and/or reputations are at stake,
there is always a risk of deception (betrayal, oversight, and/or errors), and there generally is to some
degree (even if unwittingly or without intention to cause harm). The crowds know little about what
really goes on behind the facades and glamour of those who are (or become) famous, and/or who are
allowed to be trusted.
Alternatively, it might be that here, one is deceiving (fooling) oneself, either due to ones eagerness in
wishing to see radiant success, or due to (deliberately) being deceived by the other(s) through a
facade of benevolent graciousness (radiance, flashiness).

In some cases, this line may hold the advice to take care of how one presents oneself to others, as it
will have a lasting impact on ones reputation. In accordance with the text of the Judgment of this
hexagram, one should be "like the sun at midday".
at hand.
Gathered sources: Here, various aspects come together, and there is reward, fame and fortune for
the long-term future.
This depicts one as being surrounded by brilliancy, or surrounding oneself with such, attracting and
drawing brilliancy, and people of brilliant ability and capacity.
Openness and receptiveness will allow for all available ways, strings, and organizing systems to be
addressed, or to be of use. Line of action and systematic attraction or surrounding go hand in hand;
Like fortune due to being surrounded by brilliant help.
What occurs is like the rising of the sun (or its rising, the beginning of daytime or "the time of
celebration and sacrificing", ones repairing point). It will at the end of the day sink back "into" the
earth, pursuing its course.
There will be rewards and occasion for congratulation and praise. This indicates really good fortune,
especially if applying correctly and in time the "lines" (like that of the Yi Jing), or ones "strings",
systems, ways of organizing, vessels, words, or other. This will mean that honors and rewards will
come to oneself, and consequently that this will benefit, reflect and radiate onto others as well. It may
mean that because of ones own qualities one attracts qualified, or brilliant people (or other). It may
mean that only now, the time has come that ones qualities may be valued. It is a time of help,
promotion, and recognition.
If the doublefacedness and exhausting capacities and meanings of brilliancy and fire in what is small
or excessive, are recognized, not too fanatically, but adequately and in time, as well as the
congregating, projecting and associating that is connected to this, one will be able to make the
fortune that will occur more solid, and last longer. This is indicated by the thunder projecting and
releasing fire onto a lower location, and the inner hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess,
Inner Preponderance), of which this is (will be bringing) the top line.
General comment
Here the unusualness of this hexagram is again depicted, in that line 5, the ruler, although weak, has
not only the strong support of the minister, line 4, but that of the complete lower trigram as well.
These latter lines are the 'men of brilliant ability.' Combined, their actions presage blessings and
fame. The persons depicted here will have a natural propensity to surround themselves with
intelligent and brilliant people. They will, of course, be highly qualified themselves, as well as being
natural leaders. In this way great accomplishments can result.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a well-educated man, with great common sense and a
noble character, rising from relatively obscure status to become a man of renown. He will eventually
be in an important position, and responsible for many beneficial accomplishments. He will have a
well-earned, favorable reputation, and a good life in all aspects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): His life will be similar to that of the most auspicious, but on a
much smaller scale.

Choose the best qualified associates at all times.
Employ your helpers to the maximum. If you do, the results will be most rewarding.
Great awakening, a vast heritage) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle,
One is (was, might, or will be) experiencing (or being surrounded by) abundance, in a house
as enclosed by a wall (around it).
It is (was, might, or will be) screening his household.
One screens-off ones family, the ones alike, and ones clan, remaining protected and
concealed in the house.
One (or "that which is occurring") is (was, might, or will be) screening off oneself from the
outer world.
One peers through at the door, or at the gate but one can not see, or no longer perceive, or
meet, anyone. One is (or has been) screening off oneself from the outer world. For three years
(or periods) one is seeing nothing (or anyone);
This is like a pitfall, and may be dangerous, or leading to difficulties.
The sun (or its rising, the beginning of daytime or "the time of celebration and sacrificing",
ones repairing point) is screened off (as by ones own actions).
This indicates misfortune, if not adapting appropriately and in time.

It is originated by a kind of concealment, or (en-) closure, due to what is small, dark, receptive,
open, vulgar or female."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, or will be) isolating oneself from others
(the people, ones family, and/or "the world"), which is (was, might, or will be) leading to misfortune. It
is better to go out, and/or pursue another goal, and/or to do things in a significantly different way.
The time and circumstances of abundance here lead people to be alienated to each others. This
could be like when residing in a big house, which due to its size, location (and/or other circumstance
that is a result of the occurring wealth) makes one oblivious to ones neighbors, and/or not having any
notably friendly contact with them.
Alternatively, if the matter at hand offers an opportunity to "reach out" beyond "the enclosure" of ones
house (clan, and/or familiar context), then this may avoid condemnation (by others), isolation, and
misfortune. One should endeavor to let the "outside" (the others) meet what is "inside" (oneself, ones
clan, associates), and vice versa.
Gathered sources: One (or "that which is occurring") is (or has been) screening off (oneself) from the

outer world. For three years one is seeing nothing (or anyone). This is like a pitfall.
This indicates a situation where one has gone too far, or where things are too full, or abounding. It
looks as if things are rising and abounding continuously, but that is precisely what causes one to lose
ones hold on the situation increasingly, moving farther away from what is light; Even more as it is
darkening that which is indicated by the third line of this hexagram.
Likewise, someone who is too arrogant or obstinate will attain the opposite of what one is striving for.
One is seeking abundance and splendor to ones dwelling. One wishes at all odds to be master in the
house, which alienates ones family, or the outer world to the degree that one finds oneself totally
isolated. Thus, one may be striving for Greatness (prestige, or status), but may befall to arrogance.
This brings worries, loss, or self-centered delusions. Ones egocentrism is (has been, might, or will be)
condemning oneself to miserable loneliness.
Thus, this depicts one who is (or a situation of) falling into a hopelessly isolated state, for which one
(it) may only have oneself to blame (although one must be forgiving of mistakes that occur due to
ones "born" ignorance, or condition).
This is a time of struggle, ambiguity, difficulties, and danger, except for modest, or quiet people.
Pay attention when thing have gone (or will go) beyond or after "ten", as in ten hours, days, etc...
Here, there is abundance, but there occurs what is like "a wall" (or gate, door), which closes out
anything (and anybody) during (what are like) three years. There is so much abundance that one
seems "to float in Heaven", but one (or/and the other) has screened off oneself on purpose (so that
nobody will be able to have a share of ones wealth, or of that which is occurring, the sacrificing or
occasion).
One will see nothing or nobody, for a period that will be experienced as three years, (three "periods",
which can also be three millenniums, centuries, weeks, days, hours or minutes, etc...). One may
compare this line to the 6th line of hex. 13, Consideration of Ones Companions (the Friendship, the
Company).
General comment
Here, at the top of the hexagram, the value of abundance is rapidly waning. It is like trying to keep up
a castle or a mansion when times have changed and they are no longer appropriate.
~ Profile
These persons will have a misguided sense of values, and will try to hang on to the past instead of
keeping up to date. The harder they try the worse they will fail, and they will become isolated from
their own families for long periods of time. They will even misinterpret and misuse their education and
experience. There will be but little hope for them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He may inherit an ancestral estate or property, but will not have
the ability to keep it. He will be helped occasionally, but will not benefit by it, and he will later become
isolated through arrogance. He will always believe himself to be in the right, and will act rashly. He will
not reform, and his life will end in disaster.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be talented, but will become so arrogant that he isolates
himself from his relatives and friends. He will vacillate in his occupations, and will experience many
difficulties in all phases of his life.

Arrogance breeds isolation.
Share blessings with others, or else you will become isolated.

Hexagram 56, the Wanderer (the Traveler, the Temporary)
- Lu (Lü)
The theme of this hexagram are the conditions of wandering or traveling and the effects of temporary
circumstances.
The Image says:
"the wanderer; the traveler; the vagabond; the wandering; the traveling; the men with banners;
the vagabonding; the stranger(s); the one who will go away; that which will go away;
the time of moving on or being removed; that which is removed (destroyed); the temporary;
that which is temporary; the temporary condition; the conditions of what is temporary;
the hostile stranger (provoking retaliation); the benevolent stranger (provoking hostility):
The fire (high) at the top of the mountain.

This is the image of the wanderer; the traveler; the vagabond; the wandering; the temporary.
If the fire will have nothing to be nourished by, it will move on (where it can burn on freely).
There is hidden richness below and within the fire.
This is beholding the capacity of prediction, as well as hiding, thanks to divination,

anticipation and being persevering
Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) clear-minded, and exerting his
wisdom, being cautious when applying penalties and when executing punishment, or on the
contrary, when giving rewards;
That is why he is (was, might, will, or should be) avoiding an endlessly ongoing trial (litigation)
or otherwise (endlessly) ongoing and confronting situation.
The Great Man will be wise enough to be cautious when imposing a judgment, punishment,
and (even) rewards, and he will not accept any delay in the cases that are brought forward to
him."
JLK: Hex. 56, the Wanderer (the Traveler, the Temporary), shows the image of a fire (illumination,
clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy) that is moving
(traveling) over (along the sides of) a mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and
grown tough, information), like a forest fire that starts amid the mountain, ending at the top, burning
out or moving on, or like an air-current traveling over the surface of a mountain. The forest and/or air-
current are symbolized by the lower inner trigram, the wood, the wind. This gives the idea of a
wanderer, and/or temporary conditions.
The time, circumstances and conditions of the wanderer (the traveler, the temporary) is one of a
measure of forces, as described by inner hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner
Preponderance).
In a general way, the advice to take from this is that one is dealing with circumstances that will come
to pass, that are (merely) temporary. For this reason, under the occurring circumstances one must
avoid doing anything that is based on long-duration or immobility if it is to be found in what is at the
center of the matter at hand. One should not base ones judgment (merely) on things that are

(ultimately, in the end) temporary.
It might mean that ones must (still) determine (reconsider several times, review, and/or discover) what
will actually (genuinely) offer a long-term solution, and that could help protect what is at stake.
Alternatively and/or conversely, this hexagram may indicate that ones goal (and/or the goal of what is
at the center of the matter at hand) is (was, might, will, or should be) to make something go away
(and thus, make it "temporary"), as when starting a fire to destroy the forest on a mountain, or using
air to blow away an offensive odor. It takes some time before the fire will have destroyed the entire
forest, and for the air to completely remove the offensive odor.
This could amount to an effort (and/or a conspiracy) to make an opponent disappear, i.e. to destroy
the other. Depending on the context this may be a good thing (righteous, necessary), or a bad thing
(evil, unnecessary). It may be radical (excessive, to a great degree), or it may be moderate (limited, to
a small degree). It could take the form of burning someone's house to make someone (a family,
and/or a certain activity) move away (be destroyed, damaged, and/or killed), or it could be like starting
a forest fire, to make the land available for agriculture (allowing the growth of legumes, plants). On a
smaller (moderate) scale, it might be like (covertly) nagging (provoking) someone, or like gently giving
hints to someone, for the same purpose.
Being a traveler (a stranger), it might be that the one (and/or that which is) at the center of the matter
at hand is (was, might, or will be) representing and/or attracting (provoking) a form of retaliation
(vengeance), or even an unprovoked attack from others, meant to "remove" (destroy, scam, and/or
deceive) one (or it). This requires that one be very cautious, like a traveler in a strange (unknown,
and/or unfamiliar) land, where one doesn't know what is or could be dangerous.
Thus conversely, depending on the context, this hexagram may indicate that one (and/or what occurs)
is (was, might, or will be) (like) a hostile stranger who (that) is causing harm (destruction) and/or who
(that) is provoking retaliation (vengeance, an aggressive, abusive, deceiving and/or erratic response).
The original Chinese pictogram for "traveler" used in the "site of Yin" text shows men under a banner,
like a group of traveling army men with banners, or traveling government officials. In this hexagram,
the banners are symbolized by the lower inner trigram, the wood. It can manifest in the form of
"banners" like those of a ruler (and/or the ruling consensus), government, and/or marching armies,
advertisement (a flattering yet often misleading representation of what is advertised, and/or
propaganda), and/or as a curtain (hiding what is behind it).
Depending on the context, this hexagram may indicate that one is dealing with a hostile stranger
(traveler) who is not who he pretends to be (and who is therefore misleading his hosts, and/or the one
at the center of the issue at hand), and/or it may warn not to act in such a way (in the case of one
who has good intentions, but could be misunderstood). In other words, one should not pretend to be
someone different than one really is, especially when hiding hostile (dubious, erratic, unfamiliar,
unaccustomed, inappropriate) intentions (or ways of doing things), and especially if one represents
the ruler (ones country, ones body, and/or the ruling consensus). One should be honest, and
courteous (in as many ways as appropriate).
By extension, and/or in general, this hexagram may show that for the matter at hand there is (was,
might, will be) a "hostile stranger" (something strange, hostile, unnatural, and/or corrupted) that is
(was, might, will, or should be) removed. Thus he (it) becomes "temporary".
Gathered sources: Gen, the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown
tough, information), stands still. Above it, Li, the fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection,
warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy), flames up and does not tarry. Therefore the two
trigrams do not stay together. Strange lands and separation are the wanderer's lot.
This hexagram pictures a fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting,
activating or draining of energy) that burns high, like the burning of the grass (or wood) which is

growing at the middle of the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown
tough, information). The fire can be seen (shining) at the top of the mountain. It is like a big and bright
light (brightness), to be seen everywhere. But the fire will not (be able to) remain at the same place, it
will (have to) go to somewhere else, looking for new fuel ("nourishment") to burn on.
This situation concerns a temporary (or unstable) one, just like the fire appearing suddenly, but
brightly and passionately, high on top of the mountain.
Likewise, punishments (chastising) and trials (inquiries) should be done in a quick, swift, and clear
way, and not kept going on forever. Prisons should hold their prisoners only for a limited amount of
time, as if they were traveling through. As for travelers, a prison should not become like a home, with
fixed inhabitants.
JLK: On the other hand, even what is like "open" (such as an open, empty field or terrain) can be like
a prison, if one doesn't have the right solution (and/or doesn't understand what is the right way) to
deal with it. At the same time one must take into consideration that some beings and/or things can't
be allowed to roam (and/or disturb) freely, without limits to their negatively dispersing and/or
confusing influence (as symbolized by the lower inner trigram, the wind). Here, the right way to deal
with things is indicated by the inner hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner
Preponderance): the right way is the way that will hold (protect) in the long run. Still, this is a difficult
principle, so when in doubt one should question the Yi Jing again about what will genuinely "hold"
(protect) for the matter at hand.
This hexagram is the reverse of hex. 55, the Abundance (Plenty and Full, the Vast Heritage). In that
hexagram chastizing (or hostility) is a result of divine intervention (enforcing Heaven's law, the ruling
principle) as a result of consequences (symbolized by the upper trigram, the thunder). In hex. 56,
chastizing (or hostility) occurs due to provocation by a wandering entity, or traveler (confronted by
human laws and customs, the temporary principle) as a result of appearances that are betraying
(symbolized by the upper trigram, fire).
The Judgment says:
"A wanderer, a traveler, a vagabond, wandering, traveling, men with banners, a stranger, one
who will go away, that which will go away, a time of moving on or being removed, that which is
removed (destroyed), what is temporary, the conditions of what is temporary, a hostile
stranger (provoking retaliation), a benevolent stranger (provoking hostility):
Understanding the circumstances and conditions these indicate will help avert misfortune and
lead to success;
In the conditions which these denote, there may be some little attainment or progress.
One (or "that which occurs") is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) a traveling wanderer (a
vagabond).
Success thanks to smallness (receptiveness, weakness, passiveness, openness, or the
female).
It is advantageous for the traveler (or stranger) to be firm, correct, persevering, anticipating,
and to do the divination."
Gathered sources: If one is not at home, or not in a situation that is felt to be harmonious, or
wholesome, one can only be (or feel) small. Therefore, in this situation there can only be success,
thanks to what is small, or receptive.
As a vagabond or stranger, it is better not to be rude or arrogant, and/or too pretentious. One is
without friends, so one shouldn’t be bragging. It is better to be cautious and reserved (without
necessarily being withdrawn or subdued), as this will best protect against misfortune and evil. If one is
considerate towards others, one will receive consideration and win success. If not, one will be lead to

feel what is like a burning, and exhausting pain, as pictured by the fire on top of the mountain.
The vagabond has no home, except for "the street", the "open". That’s why the vagabond should care
about living a highly virtuous lifestyle, inwardly righteous, honest, and reliable, while residing in good
places, joined by good people. That’s when the traveler will be fortunate, and able to pursue the
journey unmolested.
Rest can be found in the house at a lower location.
To do the divination, means one looks ahead of events, anticipating by any means available, as by
the help of the Yi Jing. It is advantageous to be persevering, and to act in an anticipating way.
It is indicated that there may be "some small attainment or progress": the weak line occupies the
central place in the outer trigram, and is obedient to the strong lines on either side of it. We have also,
in the component trigrams, quiet resting closely attached to intelligence.
If the traveler (stranger, or vagabond) be firm and correct as one ought to be, there will be "good
fortune".
Great is the time, and Great is the right course to be taken as intimated in Lu (Lü), "the Wanderer"!
Commentary
The hexagram represents fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting,
activating or draining of energy), the trigram Li, on the mountain (the immobile, what is rested, what is
stacked up and grown tough, information), the trigram Gen, hence the idea of something or someone
that travels.
~ Profile
Since fire on a mountain can be seen over great distances, those depicted here will be persons of
importance whose actions carry weight and influence, but, just like fire, they will shift and stray from
one place to another.
What is important is the clarity with which they can handle matters. This will be particularly true in
situations that should be handled quickly, wisely and effectively, such as disputes, lawsuits and
disciplinary matters.
As Hsun Tzu, an ancient Chinese philosopher said, in essence, about travelers: one should select
only the proper means of conveyance, go to proper communities, seek out only the proper scholars
and officials, and stay away from the heretical and depraved.
In the lines of the hexagram one is shown how to comport oneself under various circumstances.
Since action does not play a dominant part in either trigram, only small successes are presaged.
The advice given here can be used by anyone whose life and work involve traveling. Furthermore,
stability within and clarity without are desirable traits in any circumstances, and these are the
dominant traits of those persons born under this hexagram.

Lines
"JLK: A wanderer (a vagabond, traveling, the time of moving on or being removed, a hostile or
benevolent stranger provoking retaliation, the temporary, men with banners) is (was, might,
The traveler (the stranger, the wanderer) is (was, might, or will be) engaging in matters that are
(were, might, or will be) trivial, and/or that (are made to) look that way;
In that case one is (was, might, or will be) bringing misfortune upon oneself.
JLK: The superior one attains not to get dragged into these (and not to be trapped);
Thus one is (was, might, or will be) keeping the path (the channels, the country) open
(receptive)."
JLK: One is at risk of being seduced (lured, deceived) by what is trivial and/or not very important,
and/or by what is made to look that way. Even small and/or trivial things and/or actions can
(ultimately, in the end) destroy (what is like) ones house (the place where one lives, ones body, ones
protection, the rest, the peace), which is symbolized by the lower trigram, the mountain (that which is
stacked up, moving around and grown tough, the information, the genes).
One may be threatened by (what is like) a hostile stranger (traveler, traveling item) who (that) looks
harmless, unimportant, trivial, and/or futile.
Gathered sources: Deporting himself in an undignified manner, and at the same time dealing only in
inferior matters, creates disdain for the traveling stranger, and he draws misfortune down upon
himself. This also applies to those who treat life scornfully and playfully, no matter where they are. As
far as possible one should try to follow the manners and customs of the country one is in. This
respect for manners applies to other situations as well.
JLK: As is described in line 1 of hex. 52, the Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness), being at the early
stage of things, one should keep the toes still. In this case it (also) means not pursuing trivial matters.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He may be quite knowledgeable, but will be able to attain small
positions only. This will be due to his lack of conformity. He will be in difficulties frequently because of
diffidence. He will not establish merit for himself, at home or in his profession.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will start life in poor and appalling conditions. Through
education he will improve his lot, but as soon as things start to go well he will become arrogant and
highhanded, and he will lose what he has gained. He will be greatly distressed about his adverse
conditions, but will never realize that he must change inwardly. Eventually he will give up struggling
and will succumb to calamity.
Never deport yourself in an undignified manner. Being modest and reserved wins praise.

Beware of dealing in trivia, and of having no firm will of your own. These could cause trouble.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) a wanderer (a vagabond, traveling,
the time of moving on or being removed, a hostile or benevolent stranger provoking
retaliation, the temporary, men with banners) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the
A wanderer (a vagabond, traveling, the time of moving on or being removed, a hostile or

benevolent stranger provoking retaliation, the temporary, men with banners) is (was, might, or
will be advantage.
This shows (one who is as) the traveler (the stranger, the wanderer) protecting (concealing,
holding to, carrying, or cherishing) his wealth (his belongings), and winning (obtaining) the
trust (steadfastness, and/or determination) of a young (and/or new) servant (help, or helpful
idea, tool).
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) giving the right rewards, and is (was,
might, will, or should be) using his wisdom, being cautious when contending (opposing,
correcting, and/or punishing);
By not provoking (and/or prolonging) conflict where it is not needed, he assures steadfast
help from those (and/or that which is) accustomed (and/or appointed) to serve him;
This is (was, might, will, or should be) giving protection in the most appropriate way."
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, will, or should be) provided with good and trusty servants
(help, and/or helpful ideas, tools): one will in the end have nothing of which to complain.
The wanderer here described is (was, might, will, or should be) modest and reserved. He does not
lose touch with his inner being, hence he finds a resting place. In the outside world he does not lose
the liking of other people, hence all persons further him, so that he can acquire property. Moreover, he
wins the allegiance of a faithful and trustworthy servant (or helpful idea, tool) - something of
inestimable value to a wanderer.
JLK: Depending on the matter at hand, this line may also hold a warning not to abuse of the help
offered by (one who, or that which is as) the servant, so that the servant's capacity to serve will not be
exhausted, nor ones capacity to receive (what truly matters) exceeded, nor should one let things go
on when they are not right (justified, fair). Otherwise, one might provoke retaliation (revenge).
Thus, in some cases this line may indicate abuse (exploitation) of others, by receiving their services
and/or help, without giving a fair (equitable) reward in return. The abuse is made possible due to the
abuser being in a position of (some sort of) authority.
Alternatively, this line may point to how here, those who are serving the one (or that which is) at the
center of the matter at hand, are relying on certain customs, on how things usually work, by tradition.
Conversely this line may warn against overthrowing (destroying) such customs, traditionally, and/or

previously occurring help, through abuse and/or negligence.
~ Profile
Line 2 is a Yin line in its proper position, and so depicts one who is like a traveler at a safe and proper
place. He has had a safe journey and still possesses his resources. As he is dignified, modest and
reserved, he wins the loyalty of a young servant.
All in all, the traveler has everything he requires. Only able, farsighted, wise, practical and
courageous persons can achieve such a circumstance.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a high position, involving national and international
activity. He will love people and will take an interest in them. He will work for, and obtain many
benefits for, others. His accomplishments will be a blessing to all people everywhere. He will be
supported and respected by many, and will have a rich, fruitful and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be in a high civilian position, and will have control of
much wealth. He will live in a large apartment building, hotel or mansion. His life will be moderately
advantageous in all respects.
Being modest and reserved wins praise.
Check that your position is firmly established and that you are meeting all requirements fully.

3
retaliation, the temporary, men with banners) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the
The traveler's (the stranger's, the wanderer's) inn (and/or temporary house) burns down (is
destroyed, or lost).
He (one, or what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) losing his (ones) loyal servant(s) (and/or
helper(s)).
Going on like this leads to danger (perils, difficulties).
JLK: Thus, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) holding back when interfering
with others, imposing a judgment, punishment, or (even) a reward, and will not delay doing
so."
JLK: What occurs shows a destructive and/or disturbing influence on, or of, those who are (and/or
something that is) meant to serve, or be of service (helpful), to the point of destroying (what was left
of) that constructive assistance (and/or making it difficult or impossible). This occurs possibly in a
reciprocal way, due to wrong (immature) morals and/or unethical behavior.
While this line may point to behavior that is destructive, disturbing, and/or disagreeable in very
obvious ways, even being too generous (abundant), kind (sweet), concerned (involved), and/or
tolerant, or being so in inappropriate ways, can result in such a disturbing influence.
In a general way this line may hold the advice neither to get involved in things that do not concern
one (and/or that are "none of ones business"), nor to be unpleasant (which would provoke retaliation).
Conversely, this line may indicate that problems arise precisely due to the one (or that which is) at the
center of the matter at hand) getting involved in things that do not concern one, and/or that one is
(was, might, or will be) having hostile (destructive) intentions (and/or tendencies).
Additionally and/or alternatively, this line may show how ones actions are deliberately meant to
remove (or destroy) "ones loyal servants". Ultimately, this will lead to danger and difficulties.
Thus, the superior one, under the occurring circumstances, should hold back from interfering (and/or
exchanging) with others, especially if they do not belong to ones close (immediate) associates.
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a truculent stranger who does not
know how to behave properly. One meddles in affairs and controversies that do not concern one,

and/or handles things in ways that are offensive and/or (otherwise) inappropriate. Thus one loses
ones resting place (the place where one can be at peace). One treats ones servant (helper) with
aloofness and arrogance (in a pretentious, and/or boastful way). Thus one loses the servant's
(helper's) loyalty.
When a stranger in a strange land has no one left on whom he can rely, and/or has no place to reside
(peacefully, safely), the situation becomes very dangerous (difficult, incalculable).
JLK: There are times when - due to ones own (or the other's, if being the one being helped as by a
servant) bad (inappropriate, improper) behavior - the only right solution left is to leave (and/or let go
of) the premises (context), and/or the people (entities) one is (was, might, or will be) dealing with.
There will be danger (incalculableness, difficulties, distress), and it may hurt (as one loses the help
that was available), but it will allow for new (different) possibilities.
One must determine if for the matter at hand (the occurring circumstances) one is being (like) the
badly (improperly) behaving "wanderer" (the stranger), or if this applies to the other(s) whom one is
dealing with and to whom one is being like a helper (a servant) and/or associate (and/or neighbour).
Sometimes, both can be the case simultaneously.
One may not be able to anticipate what will (eventually) cause things to turn bad.
The image of an inn, suggests a place where one can rest and/or be at peace (safe), yet without it
being ones (the wanderer's, and/or traveler's) property. Thus, one will also have to determine for the
matter at hand what is being such a (temporary) place. This too, can apply in both directions, and/or it
may be that that it is embodied by a person and the effects he/she has on those around him/her or
his/her surroundings. If one is not (anymore) able to bring (and/or guarantee) peace (for oneself
and/or others), then such may be the case. The endlessness of the imagery may mean that in some
cases the "helper" (and/or associate) and the "inn" (temporary resting place) are occurring in the
same person and/or occurrence.
Since this is the upper line of the lower trigram, the mountain (the immobilization, stacking things up
and/or moving things around), the nature of the problems are further described by hex. 52, the
Mountain (the Immobile, the Stillness), and have to do with the necessity of, or an attempt to (what is
as sexual, and/or physical) restraint (restraining or controlling oneself, and/or others), and/or the
immobilization (resting) of the hips (that which gives power and/or energy to ones movements and/or
body).
General comment
Line 3 has the whole of trigram Li, the fire (the enlightening, or the exhausting), above it, and so
depicts the burning down of the lodgings, and, at the same time, the losing of the servant, i.e. the
support of line 1.
~ Profile
In general, those at the top of the mountain (Ken) tend to be stubborn, headstrong, opinionated and
contumacious, to a greater or lesser degree. In their traveling, these persons do not adapt to the
customs and mores of the people around them, but arrogantly hold to their own beliefs and behavior
This leads to trouble and danger.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a tough and determined man, but will not have the
social practicality and common sense to use his gifts properly, and so will not gain a high position. He
will love to talk and to act big, which will frequently get him into difficulties. He may make some profit
from investments, but his home life and career will be unsatisfactory.

Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will constantly imagine that life is better somewhere other
than where he happens to be, and he will wander a lot. He will never truly establish himself, as he will
be handicapped by adverse personality traits.
Adapt yourself to your circumstances.
If you are offensive and follow wrong courses you must suffer the consequences.
retaliation, the temporary, men with banners) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body,
A wanderer (a vagabond, traveling, the time of moving on or being removed, a hostile or

benevolent stranger provoking retaliation, the temporary, men with banners) is (was, might,
will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with, through) the way of negotiation and
This shows (one who is as) the traveler (the stranger, the wanderer) in a resting place, having
(also) the means of livelihood and ones ax (the tool used for ones activities), but still saying:
"I am not at ease in my mind"."
Gathered sources: The wanderer (the traveler, or stranger) is (was, might, or will be) in a resting
(and/or peaceful) place: but one is (was, might, or will be) not in ones proper position.
One is (was, might, or will be) having the means of livelihood and ones ax (the tool used for ones
activities): but ones mind is (was, might, or will) not (be) at ease.
This may describe (someone who is as) a wanderer who knows how to limit his desires outwardly,
though he is inwardly strong and aspiring. Therefore he finds at least a place of shelter in which he
can stay. He also succeeds in acquiring property, but even with this he is not secure. He must be
always on guard, ready to defend himself with arms. Hence he is not at ease. He is persistently
conscious of being a stranger in a strange land.
General comment
Only lines 2 and 5 are correctly positioned, so they have lodgings. Others only have shelters.
~ Profile
These persons will have ample means to carry out their mission, and will know how to protect
themselves against adversities they may face. This line is at the beginning of the trigram Li, clarity, so

they are learning to comport themselves in the right way under new and varying conditions.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a talented and able person who will frequently be
advanced or assigned to new localities or activities. He may be in industry, business, or the diplomatic
or military services. He will establish himself firmly wherever he is, and will enjoy a favorable
reputation. He will know how to protect himself and his responsibilities, and will have a good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He is likely to be a wandering merchant or salesman, and
always believing that there are better conditions to be found elsewhere. His achievements will be
minimal, and his family life will be limited and not very satisfying.
Always try to prepare against calamities.
You are beginning to achieve some success, and would like to progress more rapidly. Be cautious
and move slowly.
retaliation, the temporary, men with banners) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in,
with) ones words (expressions, orders), and/or through (in, with) the way things are managed
(at large) by the ruler (the authorities, and/or the ruling consensus), and/or through (in) the
way one is nourishing (and/or taking nourishment).

advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) shooting (catching) a pheasant (a bird, nourishment,
resources) with just a single arrow.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) losing ones arrow, but in the end one will obtain praise
and office (business exchange, inclusion)."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances it is (was, might, will, or should be) good to try and obtain
(effectuate) something, such as when trying to catch a pheasant, even if it means loosing something
(of minor importance, and in accordance with what can be expected) during the hunt. One will be
commended and rewarded for it.
The fact that here (under the occurring circumstances) one succeeds in shooting the pheasant (the
hunt, nourishment, resources) with just a single arrow, indicates that one is (was, might, will, or
should be) particularly accurate, diligent, efficient and effective, which allows for obtaining results with
minimal means.
In the end one will obtain "praise and a high responsibility": one has reached a high (or superior)
place.

One is (was, might, or will be) reaching what is high (Great, or superior).
Conversely, the occurrence of this line may question if the one (or those) at the center of the matter at
hand, is (are) dedicated and/or righteous enough. Is one ready (and/or willing) to lose ("invest") ones
arrow (one of many, supposedly) in order to catch (what is like) the pheasant (the hunt, nourishment,
resources)? If not, one will not find nourishment (resources), and then there can be no advantage, no
progress, and there will be no praise.
In the latter case, one might have to remind oneself that the occurring circumstances are only
temporary, and one is merely "wandering", i.e. on a journey, as that is the theme of this hexagram. If
one is not dedicated and not ready to "give" (invest) something (resources, and/or ones own efforts)
in order to get something in return, how can one expect to move on (i.e. to advance, evolve)?
Alternatively, what occurs shows the one at the center of the matter at hand shooting a pheasant with
one arrow, sacrificing something (of "minor" importance), but not being in a righteous position (and/or
line of) action (reason, context). In that case one may still obtain high office (and power), but one can
not attain what is (genuinely) high. Then merely superficial (mediocre) results can be expected.
Gathered sources: The fact that one is (was, might, or will be) losing ones arrow indicates something
small is (or should be) lost. But as this is (was, might, wille, or should be) fully appropriate (effective)
for the task at hand, this means that in the end one will still benefit from this.
General comment
Line 5 is the center of trigram Li and the acme of clarity, so these persons will know exactly the right
thing to do at all times. In olden days, foreigners, especially statesmen, introduced themselves by
offering a pheasant. To have shot it personally, with but one arrow, was commendable. This image
also symbolizes persons of exceptional ability, who use what they have to the best advantage, as
suggested by the attaining of an office.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be an outstanding individual, personally and professionally.
He will begin his career early on, and will win fame quickly. He will have high academic degrees and
will win other honors readily as well. He will accumulate much wealth, as well as establishing merit for
himself and his enterprises. He will have an exceptionally favorable life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a man of skill and diligence, with a magnetic
personality and excellent powers of communication. He will hold an important local position, and will
have a good life.
Always introduce yourself properly.
You know intuitively what needs to be done and how to act today in order to progress and achieve
success.

6
retaliation, the temporary, men with banners) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling
One (or "that which occurs") is (was, might, or will be) like a bird burning its nest (or whose
nest burns up).
(One who is as) the traveler (the stranger, the wanderer) thus represented, (at) first laughs,
then later cries out, laments and weeps.
One has lost ones ox-like docility to the readily, and easily.
And/or: Through carelessness ones cow is (was, might, or will be) lost.
Under such circumstances there will be misfortune, which might result in evil.
JLK: This line holds a dire warning against carelessness and/or shallow assessment, that could lead
to the destruction of one's "nest" (house, residence, body).
It might hold the warning not to befall to solutions that may look easy, comfortable, fast, pleasant,
and/or seductive, but that lack brightness (clarity, understanding, warmth, energy).
Since this is the time of what is "temporary", and/or possibly a retaliation (conspiracy) against ones
person (and/or what occurs), one must build (and/or rely) on things that can counter (and/or help
defend against) the negative aspects that come with things not continuing (living) forever, and/or can
counter hostile measures.
Gathered sources: Considering that the wanderer (the traveler, or stranger) is (was, might, or will be)
here at the very height of distinction, with the spirit that possesses him, it is right he should be
symbolized by a bird burning its nest.
The picture of a bird whose nest burns up indicates loss of one's resting place (the place where one is
"at peace"). This misfortune may overtake the bird if it is heedless and imprudent when building its
nest.
It is the same with a wanderer. If he lets himself go, laughing and jesting, and forgets that he is a
wanderer (a traveler, someone with no established home), he will later have cause to weep and
lament. For if through carelessness a man loses his cow - i.e., his modesty, adaptability, but also his
riches - evil will result.
Here, circumstances may at fist appear favorable, which results in the wanderer laughing. However,
since the perceived favorableness is the result of his carelessness and shallow assessment,
misfortune is (was, might, or will be) following, resulting in the wanderer lamenting and weeping.
~ Profile
Persons who go to extremes are depicted here. It would be extremely rare for a bird to burn its nest.
Good, kind people would not laugh. Losing one's cow symbolizes losing one's docility, and/or losing
riches (means of subsistence).

These persons will be antagonizing, irksome and even perhaps malicious, and will be only interested
in themselves. They are individuals who have not learned that to help others is also to help oneself.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a person possessing considerable knowledge, but
tough, stubborn, unyielding and unmanageable. He will be arrogant and full of false pride and vanity.
He may gain a high position through artifice, but will lose it. He may also lose his family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a wanderer, perhaps even a vagrant. He will lose his
job frequently, and will eventually lose his household and family. He will have hardships all his life.
Going to extremes is dangerous.
Ineptness or immodesty will lead to severe difficulties. Make necessary corrections.

Hexagram 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly Penetrating and Organizing)
- Sun (Sun)
The theme of this hexagram is that which is softly penetrating and organizing, like the wood of a tree
that will grow around a metal obstacle, making it an integral part of itself, or like the wind that
penetrates invisibly, dispersing (confusing) and reorganizing all it can get a hold on.
The Image says:
"the wood; the wind; the softly penetrating and organizing; the spreading; reaching out;
the confusion; what is gentle yet organizing; the organism; the word(s); the structure;
the system; the legislation; the justice system; the (organization of) society;
the experiencing; false advertising; banners; propaganda; screens; a curtain hiding the view:
Wood upon wood;

Like several winds that follow up (on each other).
Like carefully organized wood, or an organism.
This is the image of what penetrates softly and repeatedly.
The wind blows without ever resting, penetrating and organizing in endless ways;
This illustrates the change thanks to that which occurs without one nearly noticing it at all.
JLK: All plants and trees grow into heights (penetrating), spread (reach out) their branches
(arms), and spread (reach out through) their seeds wide and afar.
The wind spreads the clouds as well as the seeds of plants and trees, changing (influencing)
things wide and afar.
Similarly, experiencing things influences one, in the moment as well as in a way that will
remain (influence) wide and afar.
By penetrating things, one experiences them, and/or is causing what is penetrated to

experience something.
Penetration, spreading, confusion, organizing, and experiencing are the principles of the
alchemy of Heaven (spirit).
There occur offerings of multiple small sacrifices.

Although the sacrifices may seem small, sacrificing (acting within the context of this
hexagram) is (was, might, or will be) felt (experienced) in a way that will be greater than
anticipated.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) giving his orders (expressing his
wishes, and/or commands) repeatedly, pursuing his goals, and/or securing the practice of his
affairs.
The Great Man will fulfill and organizes his tasks, as well as all and everything else, in
accordance with the will of Heaven and the ways of the constitutional (organic, logical, and/or
methodical), and by the softly penetrating and organizing (and/or resonating) power of the
wood and the wind (the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism,
society, the justice system, banners, the experience)."

JLK: Hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly Penetrating and Organizing), shows the image of wood
(the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice
system, banners, the experience) upon wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the
softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience). Like several
winds that follow up on each other. While softly penetrating, confusing, and/or spreading, the wood
and/or the wind reorganize (influence) all that lies within its reach.
=pickup ; edit
The wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society,
the justice system, banners, the experience) shows how to overcome estranging opposition, as
described by inner hex. 38, the Estranging Opposition (the Alienation, the Strange), which can either
be constructive, or obstructing.
Gathered sources: Sun, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly
organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience), is one of the eight
doubled trigrams. It also represents the 1st (or eldest) daughter. It has for its attribute gentleness,
which nonetheless penetrates like the roots of a tree penetrating into the earth (or spreading its seeds
wide and afar), or like the wind penetrating and influencing all it can get a hold on.
This hexagram is named both the wood, and the wind, which operate in association. The wind melts
the rigid ice of winter, while the wood develops organically.
Seeing the hexagram as representing two winds, the first wind is the one that blows away resistance,
and the second is the wind that realizes the work, which achieves the goal.
The dark principle, in itself rigid and immovable, is dissolved by the penetrating light principle, to
which it subordinates itself in gentleness. In nature, it is the wind that disperses the gathered clouds,
leaving the sky clear and serene. In human life it is penetrating clarity of judgment that thwarts all
dark hidden motives. In the life of the community it is the powerful influence of a great personality that
uncovers and breaks up those intrigues which shun the light of day.
The penetrating (spreading) quality of the wind depends upon its ceaselessness. This is what makes
it so powerful. Time is its instrument. In the same way the ruler's thought should penetrate the soul of
the people. This too requires a lasting influence brought about by enlightenment and command.
Likewise, only when the command has been assimilated by the people is action in accordance with it
possible. Action without preparation of the ground only frightens and repels.
Wind and wood make things flow into their forms, to make them develop and grow into the shape
prefigured in their seed.
JLK: The wood and the wind hexagram and trigram show a basic principle of sexuality, where it
represents as much the penetrating (rising, growing, filling) principle of the male sex, as the yielding
(spreading, opening, receiving) principle of the female sex, and/or the arms (of both). All these are the
ways of the softly penetrating and confusing, reorganizing. It is the way of nature.
Similarly wood and wind not only penetrate (confuse, disperse) in a way that is soft, they also spread
their offspring (what they produce) in a way that is soft and discrete (hardly noticeable).
If this hexagram occurs, one may have to ask if the (right, correct, superior) way of nature is
respected.
Wood, as material, has an association with "vibration", like the wood of musical instruments that carry
the vibrations of musical tones (produced by strings, wind, sticks, or other), re-enforcing them and
projecting them. Still, "vibration" can not be taken as a primary meaning for this hexagram. A
secondary meaning is however that of "experiencing". Similarly, when one is experiencing something,
one will end up "vibrating" with it, and what brought it about - although it remains somewhat of a
question similar to that of the chicken and the egg: what came first?

For the same reason, wood and wind can be associated with "the word", or "words", albeit not as a
primary meaning, where they are capable of carrying ideas that penetrate "softly", while having an
impact on those who receive them, leading to an experience, and a certain "vibration".
The Judgment says:
"Wood, wind, soft penetration and organization, spreading, reaching out,

confusion, what is gentle yet organizing, an organism, the word, a structure, a system,
legislation, the justice system, organization of society, experiencing, false advertising,
banners, propaganda, screens, a curtain hiding the view:
The circumstances these denote show success through what is small (receptive, passive,
open or dark).
It furthers one to have somewhere to go (to have firm goals).

It furthers one to see the Great man.
JLK: When something is too tough, then only something extremely soft (yielding, receptive)
and penetrating (rising, filling) can beat it (influence it). Only the very strong and wise, can be
soft (adaptive, or subtly reorganizing) enough, as to succeed at that.
Under the occurring circumstances there will be a little attainment and progress.
There will be success by being small (receptive, passive, open or dark).
Small efforts achieve success.
It is good to progress.
At first one is perplexed, then, one is drifting indecisively.

At the end, discipline, and inner, as well as outer truth will be required.
There will be advantage in movement in whatever direction;

It is advantageous to have a place to go to.
It will be advantageous to see the Great man."
JLK: "There will be success by being small": Being "small", here means one is (was, might, will, or
should be) "not to impose" (as is the case when being receptive, passive, open or dark). While yin,
the small, can also stand for evil, this depends on the scale of things and the conflict it produces, and
any success that can thus be achieved will be temporary and ultimately dearly paid for. Success
should ultimately be gained through what is good and just. What is yin should adapt to what is Great
for things to be wholesomely balanced.
This attitude (way of doing things) could be like that of the 1st (eldest) daughter, which is symbolized
by the trigram Sun, the wood / the wind.
Gathered sources: To have "a place to go to" indicates it is good "to have something to do (or to go
to)".
To "see the Great man" indicates it is good to associate with, and to consult, visit, or learn from what
is Great, powerful, and influencing.
Penetration produces gradual and inconspicuous effects. It should be effected not by an act of
violation but by influence that never lapses. Results of this kind are less striking to the eye than those
won by surprise attack, but they are more enduring and more complete. If one would produce such
effects, one must have a clearly defined goal, for only when the penetrating influence works always in
the same direction can the object be attained. Small strength can achieve its purpose only by
subordinating itself to an eminent man who is capable of creating order.

Commentary
This hexagram is made up of the trigram Sun, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and
confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience). It
is doubled, and thus symbolizes achieving one's purposes through constancy.
~ Profile
The wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society,
the justice system, banners, the experience) acts in invisible ways, and attains results even though it
is not seen. So this man, by using the powers of his mind, can develop thoughts which, if constantly
reinforced will achieve his purposes. He should meditate and concentrate repeatedly on whatever he
wishes to attain. By so doing, even small strength will, over an extended period of time, achieve its
goals. Meditation and concentration are among the tools of all great men. Since the nature of what
one thinks about influences what takes place, it is advantageous to have firm goals, as well as to
follow the examples of great and wise men. The quantity and quality of one's mental influence is
governed by one's controlling line.
Those born in the fourth month [May - June] will be more auspicious.
Lines
"JLK: Wood (wind, the gently and softly penetrating and organizing, spreading, confusion, the
justice system, experiencing, false advertising, a curtain hiding the view) is (was, might, will,
or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when
Now one is advancing, then receding.
It is (was, might, or will be) advantageous for one (or for what occurs) to anticipate, do the
divination, be firm and persevering like a brave soldier.
JLK: Ones experiences should learn (tell) one where to be strong, and where to let go, while
advancing (in the way of doing things).
The superior one learns how (why, where, when) to be strong, through experience.
It is (was, might, or will be) good to be prepared, and to complete things in view of the present
time or circumstances, as well as in view of what can not yet be expected: to round things off
(adequately, in, with, as well as through time), or "to keep them well organized" so that one is
(was, might, or will be) prepared (ready, or "firm") for the next stage."
Gathered sources: "Now one advances, then one recedes": ones mind is (was, might, or will be)
perplexed, yet advancing and receding incrementally is in accordance with the circumstances.
"It would be advantageous for one to have the firmness of a brave soldier": ones mind would in that
case be well governed.
Sometimes one has to be advancing, only to recede as soon as possible, to be advancing again at a
later stage, in accordance with the circumstances.

While it may be appropriate at times to advance only incrementally, and to recede repeatedly, when
one is living a distressing confusion such an attitude and procedure is not good (not advantageous),
and it is of Great importance to achieve correctness, firmness, virtue, style, cohesiveness,
righteousness, penetrating, and anticipating capability, such as to be able to survive without
misfortune, or injury.
Put in simple words, the advice from this is: get a grip! Put advance and recession, progression and
regression, in the right context. It is in accordance with the circumstances of the situation at hand that
there is a halt and/or recession/regression, after advance and/or progress. One must organize and/or
view these so that things will be balanced and in accordance with the laws of the Universe.
In a general way, as this line is occurring "at the beginning", "in the earliness", or "at the border" of
something, this is a (good) time to be prepared (or to make sure that one knows that one is so),
"solid", strong, firm, and persevering; To have things well organized, and well in order.
Assessing what is (was, might, or will be) completed, and what not, should occur with the notion that
nothing is ever truly complete, and that there is no end (ever) to certain things, and that one must
therefore look for the most appropriate way of adapting to this (fact).
JLK: Here, the issue of being strong (or the risk of lack of strength) occurs as related to movement
(as for a soldier, a worker, the workforce), occurring in the feet, and/or when at the beginning of things
(when young, inexperienced).
The image of "false advertizing" occurring in the feet may offer the idea of giving in (with the feet,
ones moving) to impressions (advertizing) that are not what they seem, and that could lead to erratic
(unfavorable) behavior. Therefore one must hold strong and navigate by what one knows to be true
and solid like the soil one is standing on (and rooted in, like a tree), and in accordance with Heaven's
law (the ruling principle, wisdom).
General comment
Line 1 is weak, when it should be strong, hence the image of vacillation and indecisiveness. The
advice here is to be like an ancient warrior, i.e. to have a singleness of purpose coupled with
persistence Thus one eliminates doubt in one's own mind, and one's intentions become firm. This is
excellent for the development of the will.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a calm and thoughtful person. Regrettably, he will be
very slow to make up his mind. This will be a definite handicap. He will begin to establish his career in
foreign land. He will have periods of hardship and periods af ease. He may gain a favorable
reputation as an author in his professional field.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will start life in a position of low status, and will never rise
much above it. He will be indecisive and vacillating. He will do well in a small business, but any efforts
put into a large enterprise will end in failure. He will be quite narrow minded, and he will do well in any
activity where attention to small detail is needed. On occasion he will be helped by his peers and
subordinates.
Display singleness of purpose.
Do not vacillate like the wind. Make your decision and then stick to it, with singleness of purpose.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) wood (wind, the gently and softly
penetrating and organizing, spreading, confusion, the justice system, experiencing, false
advertising, a curtain hiding the view) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the
Wood (wind, gently and softly penetrating and organizing, spreading, confusion, the justice
system, experiencing, false advertising, a curtain hiding the view) is (was, might, or will be)
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) softly penetrating and organizing,
and (as) kneeling in submission beneath (below, on the border of) a couch, or bed (or the
heart).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) employing priests, diviners
(divination), exorcists, and magicians in vast and Great amounts, which will be bordering on
confusion, but which will bring good fortune!
Thus, there will be good fortune and no blame; No mistake; No error."
JLK: One ends up as "kneeled at the foot of the couch". One is (was, might, or will be) not holding
ones stability and has to look for help on a lower (more modest) level, and/or in more modest and/or
uncommon ways.
One (or that which is occurring) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) searching for and/or taking
advice from the divination and/or many councilors (advisors) in a way bordering on confusion, albeit
not necessarily in a way that is excessive. Taking advice in a way that is not excessive brings good
fortune.
It also brings good fortune to apply as much (of ones) spiritual powers as possible (in "vast and Great
amounts"), such as for exorcising purposes, i.e. to chase away demons (negative, destructive
entities, thoughts, and/or occurrences).
Gathered sources: When this 2nd line of this lower trigram becomes yin (passive), the trigram turns
into that of the mountain, which indicates how one has to immbolize, unable to help those one is
following (see 2nd line of hex. 53, the Mountain).
One (or that which is occurring) is (was, might, or will be) as beneath a couch, and employing diviners
and exorcists in a way bordering on confusion. There will be good fortune and no mistake (no error).
"The couch" can also indicate "the heart", "a coat" or "a wallet" (an envelope), to (or because of)
which, one would be (was, might, will be) in submission.
But this line can also indicate that one encounters (so to speak) at first "a couch", and/or/then "a bed";
Like the one who is wandering and traveling at first has nothing, but by organizing and penetrating
(softly), eventually will succeed to find a home (also see 56, the Wanderer (the Traveler, the
Temporary).
The "good fortune springing from what borders on confusion", is due to the line's central position.

This line may depict someone who is looking for the advice of a priest, a technician, a "magician",
someone or something that will analyze, display, solve and enlighten with precision and as by
"magic", but who should avoid to be led into confusion.
There are hidden enemies (always), this leads to unnoticeable and intangible influences that slink into
dark corners. Hidden enemies can still influence and affect people by suggestion or suspicion.
Clarifying this is a task for sages, priests and technicians.
The sacrifices, stress, difficulties and anonymity accompanying such an effort demand especially
strong and unfaltering effort, but this will be worthwhile, as clarifying the secret and hidden influences
will mean that what is influencing will (at will) lose its power over the people as well as over oneself
(or itself).
Thus, this also indicates the multifacedness (ambiguity) of the Yi Jing, its images and commentaries.
It indicates there can always lie a hidden but profound and unclear meaning or force in whatever that
is occurring, but this should be dealt with on a levelheaded basis and with supreme care, firmness,
anticipation and sincerity, this way avoiding a confusion.
General comment
The trigram Sun also represents wood. In ancient times couches were made of wood. Looking
beneath a couch signifies searching out hidden motives, intangible influences and erroneous
thoughts. In those days this was the task of diviners and exorcists. Today it is the task of
knowledgeable men who possess common sense, sound judgment, discernment and penetration.
Their decisions can influence the rise or fall of a particular matter, or even determine the success or
failure of an important enterprise. The auspices here are favorable, and no error will result.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a clever man, with much virtue and ability. He will have
a love of people, and will deal respectfully with all. He will be beneficial to whatever enterprises he is
engaged in, and will rise to a high position, accomplishing worthwhile projects and achieving fame.
He will have a rich rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a knowledgeable person, but have the weakness of
trying to engage in too many different activities at once. He will be in a position where many facets of
his ability will be involved. He may be a doctor, a psychologist or a religious leader. He will have an
average life, with modest success.
Be discerning and penetrating. Let your thoughts be your friends.
Look out for hidden motives, yet take the lead in establishing influence. Let your thoughts be your
friends.

3
advertising, a curtain hiding the view) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of
will be) occurring.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) penetrating (acting, moving, organizing,
and/or doing the divination) only by violent and repeated efforts.
One is (was, might, or will be) subduing oneself repeatedly, and in a violent way, to what is yin
(female, receptive, open, small, weak, and/or evil), while the times call for what is yang (male,
creative, great, strong, and/or good).
There will be occasion for humiliation and regret."
JLK: This is not a time to be open, receptive and/or weak. This is a time to be strong, as symbolized
by the fact that this is a yang line.
Pursuing the way of the woman (the receptive, small, weak, open), in the way of the male, is not
appropriate (fertile); It leads to stagnation (being stuck).
Gathered sources: Here, one may be pondering and doubting too much about what one is (was,
might, or will be) considering (endeavoring) to do. Ones inaction or hesitant, confused, irresolute
action (as a result of this violent pondering, doubting and/or, planning) will bring humiliation or regret.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) doing something (penetrating, moving, organizing, and/or
doing the divination) only by violent and repeated efforts, which will lead to regrets.
The "humiliation and regret arising from violent and repeated efforts to penetrate (acting, moving,
organizing, and/or doing the divination)", shows (and leads to) the exhaustion of the will.
Organizing and penetrating, or reflection and "inner growth", like doing the divination, should not be
pushed too far, as this might cripple ones power to decide, or move. After a matter has been
thoroughly considered, and allowed to settle, it is essential to come to a decision and to act. But
uncontrolled violence should in all cases be avoided. Repeated deliberation brings fresh doubts,
scruples and hesitation. This leads to an uncontrolled situation, where one is (was, might, or will be)
unable to act, which will lead to humiliation and regrets.
Always yielding and offering means sadness. There are times that one must stand up (and/or firm),
and be counted.
So here, it's the violent amount of contemplation, pondering, doubting and planning as such that
forms a problem, not the fact of taking action.
A try, test or probe will only be appropriate if it's carried out with full conviction, as if it's the "real
thing".

General comment
The third line is the lower line of man, in the six lines of a hexagram.
~ Profile
This man will repeatedly seek to ascertain the results he can expect, rather than being courageous
and making a firm decision, sticking to it, and carrying it through to completion. His actions will be
shameful and disgraceful, and not worthy of a man of nobleness and distinction.
These persons will have but little faith in themselves or in others. Consequently, they will make poor
leaders and ineffective administrators.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be educated, but inflexible and adamant externally, while
lacking courage inwardly. He will be unable to yield or accept sound advice. He will be proud and
vain, and will easily exhaust his willpower. His methods will alienate him from others, including his
family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be extremely selfish, egotistical, and opinionated, with an
inward lack of courage. He will be very disappointed because people do not like him. This results from
his false attitude of superiority. He will become hardened later in life, to his own detriment. He will
never have wealth.
Avoid seeking to ascertain results before the time is ripe.
You are seeking to discover what results you can expect. Change your mental attitude. Be persistent
and consistent.

4
advertising, a curtain hiding the view) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones
Wood (wind, the gently and softly penetrating and organizing, spreading, confusion, the
justice system, experiencing, false advertising, a curtain hiding the view) is (was, might, will,
or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with, through) the way of negotiation and trust
All of ones inclinations and occasion for regret(s), and repentance are (were, might, will, or
should be) passed away.
The regrets and repentance vanish during "the hunt".
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) taking enough game for ones threefold
use, when hunting; This means that three kinds of game are caught."
Gathered sources: When a responsible position and accumulated experience leads one to combine
ones innate modesty (hidden richness) with energetic action, Great success is assured.
One takes "game" (catching the prey, or realizing the objective) in ones "hunting". One takes "enough
game for the threefold use of it": this way one achieves merit. The three kinds of game can depict that
in one hunt, or go, there are three (types of) catches.
It can also represent three kinds of animals (or other types of occurrences related to ones hunt, or
work) offered to the Divine, or for feasting guests (or even for everyday’s consumption).
When the catch answers all three purposes, the hunt is considered especially successful.
In a general way, this line holds the advice to be particularly effective and/or efficient.
~ Profile
These persons will be in responsible positions as a result of their ability, practicality, ambition, energy
and ready experience, which they will weld into a well-balanced and useful life. The three purposes
for which game was caught were religious sacrifice, the feeding of guests, and household
requirements. This signifies that one should always do what is required, in all circumstances, and hold
right thoughts.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a well-educated individual of great intelligence and
common sense, yet gentle and modest. He will have a highly favorable reputation, and will do much
of benefit for his country and its people. He is likely to be the head of a large enterprise, possibly the
governor of a state. In war, if in command, he will win battles.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have hardships early in life, easing later on. He will be a
very capable individual, who will accumulate wealth through service, and who will follow the principle
that it is necessary to give in order to receive. He will have an enjoyable life.

Inspiration coupled with action is advantageous.
Energetic action, following meditation and concentration, is what is required here.
advertising, a curtain hiding the view) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with)

advantage.
To one with firm correctness and perseverance, there will be good fortune. All occasion for
repentance, or regrets, will disappear, and all ones movements will be advantageous.
There may have been no good beginning, but there will be a good end.
Three days before making any changes: one must give notice of them;
And three days after: one must reconsider them.
This way, there will be good fortune."
Gathered sources: One should not be rushing at things and/or insist on a certain outcome. One may
allow the winds of change to come, but one should (always) be prepared, and (re-)consider
(adequately, in, with and through time) what is (was, might, or will be) occurring.
The good fortune of what is occurring as the subject of this line is owing to its correct position and its
being in the center.
If this is the only changing line, one obtains hex. 18, the Decay (the Work On What Has Been
Corrupted, Poisoned), where line 5 describes how an entirely new point of departure must be set up.
Here, it is only a question of reforms. The beginning has not been good, but the moment has been
reached when a new direction can be taken. Change and improvement are called for. Such steps
must be undertaken with steadfastness, that is, with a firm and correct attitude of mind. Then they will
succeed, and remorse will disappear.
But it must be remembered that such improvements require careful consideration. Before a change is
made, it must be pondered over again and again. After the change is made, it is necessary to note
carefully for some time afterwards how the improvements bear the test of actuality. Such careful work
is accompanied by good fortune.
JLK: After "three days" one is (was, might, will, or should be) reconsidering the changes that one
made, and the orders given out (decisions, wishes, and/or actions taken) accordingly. This can mean
that one ends up adjusting (changing) ones orders (decisions, wishes, and/or actions taken), for there
to be good fortune.

This is an echo of what the text of the Image mentions: "Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or
should be) giving his orders repeatedly".
Conversely, this line may point out that if one doesn't carefully reconsider and re-assess ones orders
(decisions, wishes, and/or actions taken), there can be no guarantee of there being good fortune.
~ Profile
As this is line 5, the advice here is directed to leaders and rulers. It would appear that these persons
have not yet perfected themselves for the positions they hold. They are cautioned to exercise
persistent correctness for the maximum success in advancement. This they will naturally and
intuitively do, and so their results will be favorable. They are also warned to be deliberate in their
actions, analyzing them thoroughly in advance, and then noting reactions and effects later, in order to
be sure that their rules, ordinances and administration are what they should be. Since they will tend to
take all the right actions the results are favorably presaged.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a personable, farsighted and knowledgeable individual,
following a middle path. He will plan matters in great detail, and will carry them through effectively.
He will be too cautious to be highly successful early in life, but he will amend this fault as he
progresses and will have a highly successful and good life in all respects later.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be exploratory by nature, advancing from one enterprise
to another until he finds the one which completely satisfies him. In the end he will be successful, and
will have a good life with ample mental and material rewards.
Be analytical and deliberate.
Exercise care. Anything that is new must be properly nurtured. The beginning may be weak, but the
end will strong.

6
advertising, a curtain hiding the view) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle,
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) (the representation of penetration and
organization) beneath a couch (a bed, a receptive space, place or body), kneeling down in
submission, having lost (or losing) ones ax (the property, or "that"), with which one is used to
execute ones decisions.
Below indeed; Above exhaustion (betrayal, and/or illumination, heat).
Firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing the divination, brings misfortune (and/or
errors), which might result in evil, however firm and correct one might be."
JLK: One is (was, might, or will be) (as) "kneeled down in submission". One is (was, might, or will be)
not holding ones power, authority, and/or stability, and is brought down to ones knees in submission.
This is because one is (was, might, or will be) overlooking something, and/or ones vision,
observation, head, and/or thinking is incapacitated (or obstructed), as symbolized by the fact that this
line is in the sixth position, above the upper inner trigram of the fire (the image, the exhaustion). It
makes one having to look down (as) in submission, to find answers, a solution, and/or an escape.
This is not a time to consolidate things, or to set ones decision (in the direction presently being
considered), as one may have overlooked something.
Still, this line may also offer the idea that those who try to hold on to something (an item, an idea, a
way of doing things, a way of organizing) too obstinately (excessively forceful, or rigidly), or who try to
pursue wealth (resources, and/or tools) too fanatically (and/or blindly), shall loose it (or that which is
of true value and wealth), while those who are willing to "let go" (detach) while being open to new
possibilities, shall gain it (or its new, improved version). By treating everything, and every sequence of
events, with respect, and in good measure, one will avoid losing more than necessary.
Alternatively and/or additionally, this line may point to how one is (was, might, or will be) at risk of
losing or failing to gain (notice, or discover) a valuable experience (penetration of matters and the
resulting insight). Thus, it may hold the advice to benefit from ones (naturally occurring) experiences,
and not to take shortcuts that could lead to flawed results, especially concerning matters related to
the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law). Let one penetrate matters, and
experience them deeply.
This is a yang line in a place that is yin, at the top of the hexagram (of what occurs). This may mean
that what is strong and superior (good, light, creative, active) is too forceful (releases too much
power), and/or in ways that are flawed (inferior, weak). It may on the other hand indicate it's
necessary to (simply) hold back (to stop advancing, or moderate things) to get in harmony with
(receive, experience, understand) Heaven's law (the ruling principle).
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) losing ones riches and/or power, symbolized by the
ax (that which is) with which one is used to execute ones decision.
"One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like (the representation of penetration) beneath a couch
(a bed, a receptive space, place or body)": one is (was, might, or will be) occupying the topmost place

(yet at the same time beneath and subdued by what is like a receptive space, place or body), and
ones powers are (were, might, or will be) exhausted.
"One has (were to, might, or will have) lost the ax with which one executed ones decisions": though
one try to be correct, there will be misfortune which might result in evil.
One is (was, might, or will be) humbled for having tried to surpass what is Great and ruling (and/or the
dominant consensus) under the conditions of the 5th line. This occurs due to certain exhaustion
(and/or betrayal), but also enlightenment (heat), as it is appearing (in the) "above" (or higher regions).
What is ruling and Great (and/or the dominant consensus) will take away the riches and the weapons
that one had been given, or cause a certain amount of exhaustion. But it is always possible to take
things a step ahead, to organize or consider them in a different way, or with a different perspective.
Likewise, the direction of ones thought, will evoke which will be encountered. This has (at least) three
reasons: a) One will gradually move towards what one is thinking about; b) Somewhere, somehow,
something will be attracted and gradually start to be approaching; c) The energies of what is Divine,
Supreme as well as Ultimate, will tend to want to help that which will please best. It might be
expected the other will like things along the same direction as oneself, though this can never be taken
for granted, nor can it ever be fully understood, as long as that one is still being (merely) a human.
This line may indicate a situation where a man's understanding (of a matter at the center of what is
occurring) is (was, might, or will be) sufficiently penetrating, and he's led to follow up injurious
influences into the most secret corners. But he is (was, might, or will be) no longer having the
strength to combat them decisively. In this case any attempt to penetrate into the personal domain of
darkness would only bring harm.
~ Profile
This man is shown to be using his powers unreasonably, with unfortunate results. He will have little
confidence or faith in himself or in others, and will try to ferret out possible secret motives in
everything. By so doing he will lose the power to make decisions or take decisive action.
Consequently, he will not be successful in any enterprise. He will be able to use his mind for personal
development, but in view of his impracticality cannot expect great achievements in his career.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be calm, placid, and reasonably content with what is
available to him. He will be able to accept
Least auspicious (in the worst case): hardships and violence, and will know how to protect himself.
He will have a very modest life, but will be unconcerned about the fact that his achievements are not
great.
Be strongly decisive, not excessively indecisive.
You have gone too far by trying to ferret out all the possibilities. Do not waste energy needlessly.

Hexagram 58, the Ocean (the Exchange, the Joy and Sadness)
- Dui (Tui)
The theme of this hexagram is exchange, like that of two oceans whose waters flow back and forth
into each other. This results in the experience and/or wasting of joy (pleasure) and sadness (pain),
wealth, and/or resources, in a material and/or spiritual way.
If the theme of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness) represents is incalculably vast, the
theme of this hexagram is even vaster, as it is a gathering (massive accumulation) of water and all its
liveliness and incalculableness, which makes it include supreme joy as well as great sadness.
Every wealth and/or joy has the capacity to lead to ruin or sadness, and vice versa.
The Image says:
"the ocean; the oceans; the oceans exchanging; the exchange; the wealth;
the joy; the pleasure; the joy and sadness; the joyous lake;
the filling and opening; the massive fullness and openness;
the stimulating cheerfulness and persuasiveness; the refinement; the decadence;
the fertility; the saturation; the wetness; the swamps (the marsh):
The Ocean: ocean upon ocean, oceans, and Universes, floating into each other.
This is the image of joy, wealth, happiness and sadness.
The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad: An ocean, a single seer without duality becomes he whose
world is Brahman (One, supreme existence, absolute reality), O King, Yajnavalkya (the sage)
instructed. This is his supreme way. This is his supreme achievement.
Thus the superior one, with joy and awareness, is (was, might, will, or should be) participating
in the exchange (the joy of communication, and/or discussion of experiences and knowledge),
the practices, and the virtues of those who are his friends (associates).
He is (was, might, will, or should be) knowing (learning, understanding) about joy and
sadness, wealth and ruin, before beginning his endeavors, and he is (was, might, will, or
should be) respectful of what causes these states (conditions, circumstances).
JLK: Practically, joy is (the result of) fusion, a fluent exchange that brings encouragement,
stimulation, durability (endurance) and consistency.
Sadness is (the result of) isolation, a flawed (wrong) exchange that brings apathy, dullness,
lack of durability (endurance), and inconsistency.
In accordance with this, the Great Man will repeatedly (frequently) reconcile (bring together) all
beings (people, or things), and/or reconcile himself with them, while applying joy (wealth,
and/or happy exchange).
If there are inferior ones who choose to pursue sadness (flawed ways), he will leave them to
their own devices, and limit dwelling (exchanging) with them;
If there are things that lead to sadness (loss of wealth, exchange) he will limit going on
(exchanging) with it."

JLK: Hex. 58, the Ocean (the Exchange, the Joy and Sadness), shows the image of a vast ocean (joy
wetness, swamps) above another ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and
openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps). One ocean flows into the other.
Together they form one united ocean that is even vaster. This gives the idea of exchange, and the joy
and sadness it produces, as well as wealth and resources.
The conditions and circumstances of the ocean (exchange, the joy and sadness) will strongly depend
on (and/or closely be related to a context of) what is as a family, as symbolized by inner hex. 37, the
Family Bond (the Allegiance, the Commitment).
If there were no sadness in the world, one would not know what joy is, just as much as if there were
no darkness in the world, one would not know what light is.
This hexagram shows the unfathomably immense and mysterious wealth brought about by the
exchange between all beings, things and events that exist.
Sometimes the ocean is peaceful, with a surface like that of a mirror. Sometimes the ocean is raging,
with a surface like that of mountain ridges. Sometimes too much stillness can lead to stagnation and
deterioration. Sometimes too much movement can lead to all things falling apart, and result in
destruction. The exchange between all these states, and the endless wealth that results from it, is the
theme of this hexagram: the ocean.
When two oceans collide (mingle) that are in movement, there will be a big splash (turbulence,
vortexes) of water (liveliness) going in all directions. Similarly, all exchange will have incalculable
consequences. Therefore, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) making certain that all
exchange and experience of joy and sadness, and/or wealth, is occurring according to what is right
(superior, loving).
Gathered sources: The hexagram is made up of the trigram Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness,
swamps), which is doubled. Dui denotes the youngest daughter which here is also symbolized by a
smiling ocean. The trigram Dui by itself signifies joyousness, and when doubled the joy becomes
pleasure (wealth, resources).
Contrary to appearances, it’s not the yielding quality of the top (yin) line that accounts for joy here.
The attribute of the yielding dark principle is not joy but melancholy. However, joy is indicated by the
fact that there are two strong lines within, expressing themselves through the medium of gentleness.
True joy, therefore, rests on firmness and strength within, manifesting itself outwardly as yielding and
gentle.
JLK: The two trigrams also picture oceans floating one into the other. It’s the image of exchange of
pleasures and/or sadness. In science this would indicate the exchange of knowledge between two
different disciplines. In human life it indicates the joy, happiness, wealth as well as the tears and
sadness that are shared and/or exchanged.
Thus, this also depicts the Yi Jing and the vastness of the joy and experience to be found through it.
The superior one studies its words and its ways, appreciating what has been learned and enjoyed
previously (as well as what has saddened), like when meeting with friends for discussion, practice,
and the learning of meaning.
Being "respectful" of what causes "joy and sadness", means one should be respectful, but not
(disproportionately) dwell on the hurt, nor the happiness, of what has occurred in the past. One
should not be "drowning" ones present life, endeavor or line of action, in the stilled reality of the past,
nor allow someone to do this beyond the extend of what could be appropriate, but to use it to
continuously stimulate and activate a happy regeneration, which will result in joy, wealth and in a

more (newly found) general happiness, thus allowing the past to be guiding, but not draining (off)
ones energies.
The Judgment says:
"An ocean, oceans exchanging, exchange, joy, pleasure, joy and sadness, filling and opening,
massive fullness and openness, stimulating cheerfulness and persuasiveness, refinement,
decadence, fertility, saturation, wetness, swamps (the marsh):
These indicate the circumstances of opening and filling.
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as when) offering a sacrifice or at an occurring
occasion.
There will be success if one will go on and pursue in a way that is sincere and happy (joyful,
resourceful, opening and filling, exchanging).
This means that if there is firmness, sincerity, exchange, fullness, and openness, adequate, in,
and through time, there might occur progress and one might attain some of ones goals;
Thus, this will lead to success, and good fortune (profit, or advantage).
There is (was, might, or will be) profit in the divination, anticipation, and in being firm and
persevering
There is (was, might, or will be) good fortune from recognizing adequately and in time the
capacity of things being too filled, too open, or too easily available; Joy and/or sadness
(wealth, lack of wealth, exchange, or isolation) that is in excess can break up what is light
(strong, active, creative).
One is (was, might, will, or should be) joyfully quantifying and creating a balance.
JLK: Joy and wealth (resources), as well as the wish to exchange, should first and foremost
occur (be felt) within, before it can be manifested and/or received at the exterior, by (in, with)
others;
Conversely, if one is (feeling) full of sadness (loss), then more of it will be encountered at the
exterior, in (by, with) others.
It is good not to pass on a good opportunity for joy (wealth, resources, exchange), yet one
must make certain that it is indeed genuinely (truly, widely) good (right, strong, creative,
loving), joyful (leading to wealth, exchange, massiveness and openness), and without error;
Missing (losing) it may lead to sadness (loss, limitation);
Yet one must make certain not to be fooled by what looks good (right, strong, creative, loving),
and/or joyful (leading to wealth, exchange, massiveness and openness), but isn't."
Gathered sources: The happy mood allows for communication, that's why it brings success. But the
happiness should be based on something strong, or it will degenerate into uncontrolled fun.
Truth and strength should live in the heart, softness is what comes out and what communicates with
the others.
Under certain conditions, intimidation without gentleness may achieve something momentarily, but not
at all times. When, on the other hand, the hearts of men are won by friendliness, they are led to take
all hardships upon themselves willingly, and if need be will not shun death itself, so great is the power
of joy over men.
The effect of joy and happiness is truly Great on humans.

General comment
Joy comes in many forms, and it is the deep desire of most people to attain it. Some joys are only
superficial, while others stem from deep within. Joy also comes from doing things well, and when
people are properly led. At such times people forget their troubles and burdens, something all people
wish for.
Only pure joys provide lasting satisfaction. That is why "there will be success if one will go on and
pursue in a way that is sincere and happy (joyful)".
This hexagram also signifies the beneficial nature of discussion and the practice of truth and learning.
~ Profile
Some of the persons with this hexagram will be talented in such a way as to bring joy through
leadership, some through personal accomplishments, and some will be given over to, or at least
strongly be tempted by, worldly pleasures. These persons will be found in nearly all walks of life.
Lines
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) an ocean (joy and sadness,
exchange, wealth, refinement, decadence, wetness, swamps) (as) at (in, for, with) the feet (in
There is (was, might, will, or should be) inward cohesive harmony, leading to joy, wealth and
exchange that is content, unifying, peaceful, and attuning.
Not now doubting the movement (action and/or direction): adequately and in time.
There will be good fortune. "
Gathered sources: Content harmonious "ego-less", peaceful joy, wealth, adjusting, attuning, unifying
and completing exchange.
Like the quiet security of a heart fortified within itself: the joy of inward cohesive harmony.
JLK: This indicates sincerity and good fortune, but not necessarily the type of success that one might
be expecting. Fortune and satisfaction come thanks to the exchange, the happiness, and the
harmoniously (re-) adjusting, while moving and/or at the feet, the beginning, when young; Adequate
and in time.
Gathered sources: The good fortune attached to the joy of inward cohesive harmony, arises from
there being nothing in the conduct of the subject of the line to awaken doubt.
Moving (acting in the direction being considered) will bring harmonious clarification, adequately and in
time.

General comment
Two forms of joy are depicted here, namely, that which automatically springs from inner harmony, and
the pure and spontaneous joy that occurs when a pleasure is first felt.
~ Profile
These persons bring harmony to others, by example or through advice and guidance. They will have
a natural ability and propensity to say joyous and ameliorative things, as the occasion dictates. They
will have a natural attraction, and others will enjoy being in their presence, or participating with them
in social or professional activities.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a calm, clear-thinking individual, with a remarkable
ability to communicate. He will be a scholar as well as a professional person, serving and working in
harmony with others. He will establish himself early in life, and accomplish many worthwhile things.
He will have a favorable life in all respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be kind, considerate, gentle, and at peace with himself.
Although quite capable of entering a profession, he will prefer nature and a rural existence, finding
contentment and happiness with the simple things in life.
Heartfelt joyousness brings good fortune.
You are free from doubt today. Relax and be contented.

2
exchange, wealth, refinement, decadence, wetness, swamps) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves,
and/or ones impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
An ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, refinement, decadence, wetness, swamps) (as)
is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the
consensus).
will be advantage.
Joy (wealth and exchange, massive fullness and openness, stimulating cheerfulness and
persuasiveness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps) that is (was, might, will, or
should be) full of confidence, conformity, truthfulness and verifiableness.
This (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) the joy of inward cohesive sincerity.
Good fortune. No error; No blame.

Regrets (will) vanish (there are, were or will be no regrets).
Occasion for repentance will disappear."
JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) showing coherent harmony, which produces joy
(wealth, exchange) that leads to confidence.
Conversely one should determine if such coherent harmony and joy is indeed occurring for the matter
at hand, or not.
Additionally, this line may advise to turn to superior (strong, righteous, loving) forms of joy (wealth,
exchange).
Gathered sources: This indicates that one can truthfully and with sincerity pursue the endeavor or
action that one is (was might or will be) envisioning, and/or the correct conditions for it.
The good fortune attached to the joy arising from inward cohesive sincerity, is due to the confidence
felt in the purpose, goal or consistency of that which is occurring.
We often find ourselves associating with inferior people (or inferior habits or ways) in whose company
we are tempted by pleasures, or moods that are inappropriate for the superior one. To participate in
such pleasures or moods would certainly bring regrets, for a superior one can find no real satisfaction
in low pleasures or inappropriate moods.
When recognizing this, one doesn’t permit ones will to swerve, so that one doesn’t find such ways
agreeable, not even dubious companions will venture to proffer any base pleasures, because one
would not enjoy them. Thus, every cause for regret is (was, might, or will be) removed.
~ Profile
The joy in this hexagram as a whole is brought about by the strong Yang lines, 1 and 2. Even though
a Yang line in this position is not correct, this person acts in a genuine way, and conforms to what is
right, hence the very favorable auspices for this line.

Capable men of broad vision, who understand to an appreciable degree the workings of the Universe,
the world they live in, their fellow men and themselves, are depicted here.
They will use their wisdom effectively and sincerely at all times, within the limits of their
understanding.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of brilliant talent and virtue, knowledgeable with
regard to the important aspects of life, and dealing sincerely with everyone. He will be trusted,
supported and respected by his leader, and by all others as well, and will accomplish a number of
worthwhile and beneficial projects. He will have a good life, and will become famous.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a well-educated and wise individual, who can
communicate well with others and will handle matters with sincerity. He will bring about harmony,
wherever he is, He will have no serious troubles or regrets in his life.
Inner harmony creates joy externally.
Confident joyousness achieves its goals. You need have no regrets over the course you have chosen.

3
exchange, wealth, refinement, decadence, wetness, swamps) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the
Desiring joy, wealth, and/or exchange is (was, might, or will be) bringing misfortune.
JLK: Being sincere and cultivating truth (when exchanging with others) inwardly (in what is
inside oneself, in things, in what is essential, in ones moral views and ethics), is what will
bring joy, wealth, and/or (more) positive exchange.
One is (was, might, or will be) bringing around oneself (and/or doing) whatever can guarantee,
give, or create pleasure, or the fulfillment of ones desires.
One does this because one is (as) expecting (or hoping to find) joy, wealth and (happy)
exchange;
But this might not come about, and one might not succeed. In that case there will be
misfortune resulting in evil.
Joy, wealth, and/or exchange that is full of saturation, difficulties, misfortune, and lacking the
ability to be consistently bringing about (producing, fulfilling, realizing, manifesting) what is
desired, due to the occurring smallness (weakness, passiveness, darkness, evil), and due to
the confusing, softly penetrating and organizing capacities like that of the wood (the wind, the
organism, the justice system).
JLK: One can remedy this somewhat by using (communication) 'channels', while being
sincere and happy (joyful) during the exchange.
'Open' words (systems, laws) organize the way of things at the end better, if not left too 'open'
(unspecific);
Confusion can be like a pit (a trap);
One must not allow (oneself, and/or the others) to dwell in it;
Or one must allow (a certain amount of) confusion to realize (manifest) self-fulfilling diversity
(in multiple ways). But if one let things get out of hand, this can turn into opposition, sadness,
and flawed exchange.
The situation is not always appropriate, or connecting correctly;

Confusing, but consistently organizing and considering the way of ending as well:
to allow beginning (anew).
Not to be allowing tactical errors, is noticing in time, adequately, and with joyful but restrained
happiness.
If one is moving towards, or ahead of the joy (the wealth the sadness, or the exchanging) there
will be misfortune. Like a "coming" (approaching) truth.
Thus, coming joyousness: misfortune.

The misfortune of coming joyousness lies in the fact that its place is not the proper one.
One must (or should) take things from where they are, joyful (happy) and/or sad, but
confusing, restrained as well as excessive."

JLK: Under the presently occurring circumstances "coming" joyousness brings misfortune, which
points to the fact that it's not appropriate to anticipate and/or expect joyousness (wealth, exchange),
nor the contrary, i.e. sadness (lack of wealth, lack of exchange). Instead, one must concentrate on
being in a state of (appropriate, well-measured) joy (wealth, exchange) inwardly, letting ones actions
be in accordance with this.
Joy (wealth, exchange) and/or sadness (lack of wealth, lack of exchange) at the exterior, and/or
moving outwards is inappropriate. If it becomes too strong at the exterior, the hexagram turns into
hex. 43, the Resoluteness (the Angry Outburst, the Settling of a Decision).
In the upper inner trigram position we find the wood. It shows how the combination of joy, wealth,
resources, exchange of the ocean, with the confusing and (re-)organizing (penetrating) influence of
the wood, reinforce each other. The abundance of the ocean multiplies the confusion (and/or
penetration power) of the wood (the wind).
Gathered sources: Here, what matters is to concentrate on finding and feeling genuine joy within,
and/or in the moment one is experiencing, and/or with what one already has obtained, acquired,
and/or achieved, without getting lost in a spiral of constant gratification, and without searching for joy
in all that one can get ones hand on.
Pursuing (searching for) joy (and/or new kinds of joy, pleasures) leads to misfortune. The present
situation instead requires one to be living and experiencing joy in the moment (taking things from
where they are, being in the moment).
The situation is (was, might, or will be) not appropriate, confusing, at the same time involving joy
wealth and happiness, as depicted by the ocean, but also soft penetration and organization, like
indicated by the inner upper trigram, the wood (the wind, the softly penetrating and confusing, the
softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience).
This is of further importance analyzing this line as a crossroad of the multiple inner trigrams, such as
the occurring ocean, the wood, and the fire, and inner hexagram hex. 37, the Family Bond (the
Allegiance, the Commitment).
Noticing something, is like exchanging, or "sharing" a reality. Thus, "all" can be noticed or exchanged
and exchanging (even "all" at the same time), so this might as well be realized in a happy and joyful
way. But a certain amount of control and restraint is necessary, or one might be overlooking
something important to survival. It could also be necessary for when one might need accurate reliable
quick assistance, help, and information; When things might be small, closed, shut off, put away, or
hiding.
The misfortune and evil predicated by the bringing around oneself whatever can give pleasure or
satisfaction, is shown by the inappropriateness of the line's place.
True joy, happiness, or exchange, must come from within. But if one is empty within, and wholly given
in to the world, idle pleasures come streaming in from without (the exterior). This is what many people
welcome as diversion. Those who lack inner stability and who therefore need amusement, will always
find an opportunity of indulgence. They attract, or look for external pleasures by the emptiness of their
natures. Thus, they lose themselves more and more, which brings (more and more) misfortune.
Some advice to take from this line:
1 - One must not (try to) bribe or threaten.

2 - One must not act as a messenger, since there is no opportunity of negotiating between parties
(between what is higher and lower, see 4th line).

General comment
Attraction to worldly joys and pleasures is depicted here as this is a weak line in a strong place, and
line 3. The attraction to, and experience of, fleeting joys results in misfortune.
~ Profile
This line also represents persons who try to gain wealth, position or influence through offering worldly
pleasures, or who use fawning, ingratiating methods in their efforts to achieve their aims.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be able to communicate with powerful and wealthy
persons, and to get some help by this means. He will not be able to use this help properly, so his
advances will be fleeting, and he will never accomplish anything truly worthwhile. He will be able,
however, to keep himself employed.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a fawning, ingratiating personality, which he will use
to excess. Reactions will set in, with the result that he gets into trouble for his efforts. He will have an
unhappy and unsatisfactory life.
Being attracted to worldly pleasures is dangerous.
Indulging in worldly pleasures will bring misfortune. Be selective in what you seek.

4
exchange, wealth, refinement, decadence, wetness, swamps) (as) in (for) the heart (the thorax,
An ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, refinement, decadence, wetness, swamps) is
One is (was, might, or will be) searching and/or pursuing joy (wealth, exchange) to the point of
being excessive and/or injurious. But there will still be joy and rewards.
There must be joy (wealth, exchange, fullness and openness, persuasiveness, refinement,
decadence, fertility) that is (was, might, will be) connecting to what is (was, or will be)
superior, rejoicing, elevating and rewarding;
If this is not the case, one thing will bring injury unto the other.
Thus, one is (was, might, will be) deliberating and dwelling about what to seek ones pleasure
and satisfaction in, while not being (fully) at rest, or at peace.
One is (was, might, will be) bordering on what would be injurious, but there will be good cause
for joy and rewards.
Joy, wealth and exchange that is not weighed (or balanced), does not bring (real) peace.
After ridding oneself of (ones) mistakes and errors, one is (or will be) finding joy (wealth or
exchange).
Weighing, bargaining, receiving, and opening; Not choosing to be loosing or soothing now:
adequately, with ease, but most often without losing time."
Gathered sources: Here, thinking about what might bring delight (joy, pleasure) does not help one.
What's worse, one appears to find delight in experiencing a distressed state (such as caused by the
ceaseless search for delight and/or perfection).
One must connect to (and pursue) what is superior, rejoicing, elevating and rewarding.
When one finds oneself weighing the choice between various kinds of pleasures, types of wealth, or
ways of exchanging (happiness, or sadness), one might come at a stage where one loses (spoiling)
ones inner peace. At such times, in the middle of wealth, fullness or happiness it is best to connect to
what is superior, sincere and noble, adequate and in time. If not, one thing might cause injury or
calamity to the other.
Thus, this can also be indicating one who is restlessly looking for wealth, happiness, or pleasure,
which by itself brings more unrest, confusion or illness.
Still, one is (was, might, will, or should be) happy, joyful and not (entirely) without wealth or
happiness. If one is empty within, wholy giving in to the world, or anything that is occurring, idle
pleasures and activities can come streaming in from without and beyond. To many this is welcomed
as diversion, to others this seems confusion. It is always possible to find an opportunity for (self-)
indulgence, due to a lack of inner stability. Connecting is relying. It can as well bring clarification, as
exhaustion. One can choose not to be soothing now, but to settle for something, like weighing things,
exchanging and receiving, acting adequately, with ease and in time.

Notwithstanding ones (repeated, or stuttering) speaking (or silliness), one is still happy thanks to
being blessed (although not (only) thanks to ones own achievements and merits, but thanks to all
things and everyone naturally progressing and exchanging through time). There will (even) be joy and
rewards (yet not necessarily in the form one expects, possibly in an indirect way).
As long as one will not have decided (or weighed) which kind of wealth (pleasure, joy or exchange)
one will choose, one will not find inner peace. Only when one clearly recognizes that (a certain kind
of) passion brings suffering, can one make up ones mind to turn away from lower pleasures, and to
strive for (the) higher. Once this decision is sealed, one finds true joy and peace, and (then) inner
conflict will be overcome.
Thus, the joy in connection with what is occurring in what is depicted by this line is due to the
happiness that will be produced by oneself, as well as by others, while yet being continuously in the
process of choosing what to have, and what not; With pleasure.
By acting as a messenger, i.e. mediating between those concerned by the matter at hand, success is
in sight, and there will be joy, since there is and opportunity to negotiate between parties (and/or
between what is higher and lower), and nothing is settled. One must be righteous and submissive in
light of what is described in line 5 (i.e. not trust what is disintegrating, or leading to such).
General comment
When one ponders over the kinds of joy one should strive for or accept one is restless until one rids
oneself of seductive pleasures, thereby finding true inner peace. These persons will be beset by
allurements, but will have the strength to forgo temporary pleasure and rise above them if they so
desire. By so doing, they are able to obtain some of the blessings of pure joy. These will be
knowledgeable persons, serving in supporting roles and positions, in which they will frequently face
the choice between a seemingly easy path and the slower, more deliberate, and eventually more
correct way.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will associate with wise and able persons, and keep away from
heretical and debasing persons. He will act with sound judgment in all matters. He will also take
timely and propitious actions, resulting in highly beneficial achievements. He will also be a good
communicator.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will vacillate between what is good and what is bad. He will
be unstable and will change his mind frequently, but he will also frequently be stubborn and inflexible.
He will be a generally difficult person, and he will find it hard to support himself and his family.
Weighing pleasures shows a lack of stability.
Stop weighing matters in detail. Be more spontaneous and intuitive.

5
exchange, wealth, refinement, decadence, wetness, swamps) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the

advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) trusting (giving credit to, and/or having an
immature relation with) someone or something that could bring injury.
The situation is (was, might, or will be) full of danger (difficulties, incalculableness).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) trusting (putting faith into) what is
disintegrating, what is falling or already fallen apart, and/or dividing (or divided), and this is
(was, might, or will be) dangerous (perilous, or bringing difficulties, incalculableness).
This caries (possesses) and brings conflict (or "the conflicting", opposition, or estrangement).
What is conform to the circumstances and the time tends to graceful deterioration
(destruction, or analysis);
This means it is good to strip, to analyze, to cut away, to break things up, and/or "to separate".
The connecting and/or exchange (or the experience of the lack of it, yet as related to this)
leads to the experience of the meaning of joy, sadness, wealth and exchange.
Correcting by means of a situation or occasion is appropriate."
JLK: There is (was, might, will, or should be) deterioration. The superior one should understand when
and why it occurs, and apply the properties of what is occurring for the benefit of all. Thus there can
be "graceful" deterioration, as the text mentions.
One must be careful when there is a risk one will be moving away from a good position. But there are
times (opportunities) when such moving away is appropriate and advantageous, if done with
confidence (as can be relied on). The superior one cares about bringing this about in a graceful way,
staying within the limits of what is feasible (attainable) and possible to correct (preserve, and/or
adapt).
Graceful deterioration: the superior one bewares of it (is cautious about it, and the conflict that can be
related to it), yet uses it to his advantage.
Gathered sources: To trust something that is (was, might, or will be) (already) falling (or fallen) apart,
deteriorating ungracefully (roughly, bitterly), or in a state of intrigue and destruction, will lead to
difficulties (danger, incalculableness).
Here, the danger comes from the fact that one might be abused, exploited or taken advantage of (by
someone or due to the circumstances).
Still, this line is not unfortunate, as the difficulties might be (or have been) anticipated adequately and
in time, or misfortune might be (or has been) avoided, or simply not yet be nearby.
One is (was, might, or will be) trusting in something that (or one who) would bring injury: but the place
(and/or occasion) is correct and appropriate.

Dangerous elements approach even the best of men. If a man permits himself to have anything to do
with them, their disintegrating influence acts slowly but surely, and inevitably brings dangers in its
train. But if he recognizes the situation and can comprehend the danger, he knows how to protect
himself and remains unharmed.
~ Profile
This person will tend to trust the weak man above him (line 6) rather than the strong man below (line
4), since he is envious of the latter being nearly his equal. Leaders and rulers will place their faith and
trust in the wrong people, which will lead to many mistakes and embarrassments, and perhaps even
to serious troubles.
In general, these persons will be very knowledgeable, but will be lacking in the innate qualities
necessary for good leadership, and in practicality. Their sense of values will be distorted to a greater
or lesser degree.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will rise to an honorable position by consistent virtuousness,
but will put his trust in mean persons. This will tend to destroy his effectiveness and profitability, and
will occasionally even threaten his position. He will have a modestly favorable private life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will follow no firm or set goals, either privately or
professionally, and hence will vacillate, to the detriment of himself and those associated with him.
Sometimes he will act in an unrestrained manner, and this will usually lead to trouble. He will have
some gains and some losses.
Misplaced trust leads to sorrows.
Be very selective in your choice of companions and subordinates, and in your goals. It is easy for you
to put your faith in the wrong persons and ideas. Be very careful.

6
exchange, wealth, refinement, decadence, wetness, swamps) (as) in (for, with) the head (the
What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) joy, wealth and exchange that is seductive
and/or vain.
What is (was, might, or will be) occurring shows pleasure and joy in leading and attracting
(others).
Happiness has to be enjoyed in accordance with time, as well as the available wealth and
capacity to exchange."
JLK: The fact that "what is (was, might, or will be) occurring shows pleasure and joy in leading and
attracting (others)" is an admonition to the fact that it is not the most virtuous thing to lead and attract
(seduce) through joy and pleasure, or what should amounts to those. If one is merely occupying
oneself this way, it may mean that one is throwing oneself away to superficial things and/or vanity.
On the other hand, there are times and/or circumstances when (certain types of) joy and pleasure are
the best way to improve matters, especially when having to lead and attract others in non-violent
(non-authoritarian, non-arrogant) ways, for a higher purpose.
Gathered sources: This line indicates that what occurs concerns the joy of the common, vulgar, and
unenlightened kind. The joy, happiness or exchange that is occurring is (was, might, or will be) vain,
or of a seductive, pleasing nature.
The (potential) inappropriateness about this, is that things are not shining, clarified, or brought "out in
the open" now (under the occurring circumstances), but are to be handled (later) adequately and in
time.
At present, things may seem seductive, indeed, but they will only bring a benefit thanks to reversing
or applying what will result out of correct action later on.
This (correct action) can, on the other hand, be like drawing the bow (or raising the arms or weapons)
onto what lies hidden in the dark, or "the deep" (as that of the ocean), or the open.
If one is unstable within, or without sincerity, one will not be able to avoid, or to get out of the way of
the types of pleasure, types of wealth, and ways of exchanging in the world, or the Universe, which
will have such a power and influence, that one might risk being swept away or lead along by them.
Thus, this can indicate the type of pleasure, joy or wealth, of those who are not enlightened, or who
are ("left") out in the open, the dark, or the unclear.
One might have given up the direction of ones own life, and what will become of it depends on what
seems to be chance and circumstantial, as well as exterior influences.
Sincerity is the only thing that will truly lead, correctly and in time. It must occur (the) first.

General comment
The idea behind the image is that this line, a weak Yin in its proper place, is trying to draw the strong
lines, 4 and 5, with it on the path of worldly joy. For the more auspicious the direction will be towards
good, but the less auspicious will be seduced by their own vanity.
~ Profile
The persons depicted here will truly exemplify the principle that like attracts like.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a well-educated and noble person, who will give others
a feeling of harmony, and will lead and guide them along the right paths. He will have an effective and
rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be confused by evil and often seduced. He will envy the
world, and he will not be respected by others. His wishes will fail, and he will be unfortunate in life.
Remember that like attracts like.
Like attracts like. Be watchful of your thoughts, feelings and inner affinities.

Hexagram 59, the Dispersing (the Dissolution, To Have Been, Becoming, and Being
"One")
- Huan (Huan)
The theme of this hexagram is on one hand the dispersion, as it can occur for an organism or for
ones being, and on the other hand the (universal) oneness that occurs, however dispersed things
may seem.
The Image says:
"the dispersing; to disperse; to scatter; the flooding; the floating on the water;
the dissolution; dissolving obstacles; the resolving; the overcoming (of) dissension;
to expand; (the) one; to have been "One", to be "One", and to become "One"; to be of "One":
The wind moving over the water.

The wind (the wood) is carried by and over the water into an incalculable amount of
unpredictable directions.
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) overcoming dissension, guilty, and/or
disharmonious behavior (which has lead to a dispersion).
The old Kings sacrificed in virtue, presenting their offerings to God and what is Ultimate, and
they built temples for those who would live after them, thus establishing (organizing, and
regulating) the ancestral (protected) temple.
The Great Man will create, and/or move towards a "temple", dedicated to the highest
(Ultimately, spiritually, collectively as well as individually).
It is this temple that can (did, will, and should) protect him against spiritual danger, difficulties,
and threats."
JLK: Hex. 59, the Dispersing (the Dissolution, To Have Been, Becoming, and Being "One"), shows the
justice system, banners, the experience) feeding on (being nourished by, and/or supported by) water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory). This allows the wood to grow,
penetrate, and spread wide and afar. It gives the idea of building (the coming about of) an ever
growing temple, and/or that of a boat made of wood that is floating on the river, carrying its load either
safely, or with difficulty.
Dispersing (dissolution, to have been, becoming, and being "one") can bring nourishment for one,
and/or take it away from another. Thus, it will occur in (or be closely related to) a context of
nourishment, and/or the way of nourishing, as described by its inner hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing
(the Nourishment, the Jaws).
Gathered sources: Wood floating on water, like wind (the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly
organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) moving over water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory): the image of Huan.
The ancient Kings, in accordance with this, presented offerings to God, and established the ancestral

temple.
The wood (or organism) floats, and is scattered around, vibrating to the movement of the water's
surface.
The wind penetrates the water, and carries small flocks of water around in many unpredictable
directions.
This may suggest that when ones vital energy is dammed up within oneself (indicated as a danger by
the attribute of the lower trigram), gentleness serves to break up and dissolve the blockage.
In the autumn and winter, water begins to freeze into ice. When the warm breezes of spring come, the
rigidity is dissolved, and the elements that have been dispersed in ice floes are reunited. It is the
same with the minds of the people. Through hardness and selfishness the heart grows rigid, and this
rigidity leads to separation from all others. Egotism and cupidity isolate men. Therefore the hearts of
men must be seized by a devout emotion. They must be shaken by a religious awe in face of eternity-
stirred with an intuition of the One Creator of all living beings, and united through the strong feeling of
friendship experienced in the ritual of divine worship.
JLK: In a general way this hexagram may hold the advice to "dissolve" obstacles, while at the same
time building what is like a "temple" (to what is right). It may hold the advice to search for holistic
solutions.
While hex. 8, the Solidarity (the Supportive Association, Unifying Support), represents the idea of
reciprocal support and sympathy, and the unifying this brings about, hex. 59 represents the idea how
all beings and things can be dispersed or dissolved, yet ultimately they are all together: One.
The Judgment says:
"Dispersion, dissolution, dissolving obstacles, resolving, scattering, flooding, floating on

water, overcoming dissension, expansion, (the) "One", to have been "One", to become "One",
to be of "One":
Under these conditions there will be progress and success!
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) on the way to his (ancestral) temple (or one
is imagining him doing so).
Thus, the leader (the ruler, the ruling consensus, and/or the trend) is (was, might, will, or
should be) overcoming (removing, reducing and/or limiting) divisive egotism, through filial
piety (Godliness), and sharing feelings (compassion) within himself (oneself, and/or itself) and
towards others, which will lead to unity and progress throughout the country (the world,
and/or the Universe) one is living.
The time is favorable for Greatness; Move with the flow of time.
It is good to go on in the direction one was heading for.
It is advantageous to cross the Great stream (the Big water, and/or to move towards a goal).
If what occurs is in harmony with what is Ultimate and Godly, one will reach ones goal, from
which profit (fortune, or advantage) can come.
There is profit (fortune, or advantage) in being firm, persevering, anticipating, and in doing the
divination, while being correct, and not making mistakes (or errors)."
Gathered sources: Dispersion, dissolution, dissolving obstacles, resolving, scattering, expansion:

these intimate that there will be progress and success. We see the strong line in the inner trigram,
and not suffering any extinction there, and also the weak line occupying its place in the outer trigram,

and uniting its action with that of the line above.
"The King goes to his ancestral temple": the King's mind is without any deflection. "It will be
advantageous to cross the Great stream": the subject of the hexagram is (like one who is) crossing
the water in a wooden vessel, and will do so with success.
This can also indicate a kind of pregnancy, or a (lively, incalculable and dangerous) confusion or
unawareness (of danger) due to it. It can also indicate new life, or dangers, and the way this is
establishing and shaping the communication with others, as well as the confusion.
The situation is one of confronting an obstacle, illusions, or misunderstandings.
Thus, it is by clearing away what is blocking the light that one will be able to handle the situation
adequately. In accord with the circumstances, it is the right moment to disperse what will obstruct
awareness.
The text of this hexagram resembles that of hex. 45, the Gathering Together (Collecting, Conforming).
In the latter, the subject is the bringing together of elements that have been separated, as water
collects in lakes upon the earth. Here the subject is the dispersing and dissolving of divisive egotism.
hex. 59, the Dispersing (the Dissolution, To Have Been, Becoming, and Being "One"), shows the way,
so to speak, that leads to gathering together. This explains the similarity of the two texts.
Religious forces are needed to overcome the egotism that divides men. The common celebration of
the great sacrificial feasts and sacred rites, which gave expression simultaneously to the interrelation
and social articulation of family and state, was the means employed by the great rulers to unite men.
The sacred music and the splendor of the ceremonies aroused a strong tide of emotion that was
shared by all hearts in unison, and that awakened a consciousness of the common origin of all
creatures. In this way disunity was overcome and rigidity dissolved. A further means to the same end
is co-operation in great general undertakings that set a high goal for the will of the people. In the
common concentration on this goal, all barriers dissolve, just as, when a boat is crossing a great
stream, all hands must unite in a joint task.
But only a man who is himself free of all selfish ulterior considerations, and who perseveres in justice
and steadfastness, is capable of so dissolving the hardness of egotism.
JLK: This hexagram is about dispersion (scattering). Conversely it may point (refer, advice) to
stopping dispersion (scattering) and/or what could cause this, and gathering what has scattered, i.e
countering (removing) dispersion.
Alternatively and conversely, it may be that the one (and/or that) which is at the center of the issue at
hand, shows the exact opposite of all the conditions and circumstances of this hexagram, i.e. not
overcoming dissension, and not "becoming One".
Commentary
The hexagram is composed of the trigram Sun, wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing,
the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) over trigram
Kan, water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory). Strong winds blowing
over water create dispersion and scattering. The upper trigram also represents wood, which provides
a means to ride over troubled waters. In another sense, it is mental penetration, by means of which
troubles can be corrected or averted.
Line 5 is of the right polarity, and the ruler will find it best to gain enlightenment at his family temple.
Having received guidance, it is necessary for him to take action, which, if it is firm and correct, will
bring rewards.

~ Profile
Those depicted here will be involved in overcoming estrangements and conditions of disorders, and
will be agents of law enforcement, legislators, counselors, etc. Much mental activity is predicted here,
and for the most part it will be ably and effectively performed, as well as the use of devices to promote
unity, such as music, ceremony, religious rites and festivals, etc. Persistence and constancy are
important qualities to be developed. Admittedly, the greater their intelligence and training, the better
will be their achievements.
Lines
"JLK: Dispersion (dissolution, dissolving obstacles, overcoming dissension, to have been,

becoming, and being "One") is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as)
at (in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor),
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) engaged in rescuing from the impending
misfortune (and the resulting evil) with the assistance of (what is as) a strong horse (help, a
tool, and/or way of moving forwards or moving things).
The house is (was, might, will, or should be) strong."
Gathered sources: Here one is (was, might, will, or should be) using what is as a strong horse (help
from someone, or something, that allows one to be stronger and/or faster) to help oneself or others,
to be rescued from impending misfortune.
This may point to a situation where it is important that disunion should be overcome at the outset,
before it has become complete, that the clouds should be dispersed before they have brought storm
and rain. At such times when hidden divergences in temper make themselves felt and lead to mutual
misunderstandings, we must take quick and vigorous action to dissolve the misunderstandings and
mutual distrust.
Open (receptive, unclear, or small) communications can resolve those conditions that lead to
estrangement, alienation or dissolution.
Additionally, one should concentrate on harmony, love, and divine inspiration, since this will most
accurately help one in ongoing preparations.
The good fortune attached to this line is due to the natural course pursued by its subject.
JLK: Here, the horse can also symbolize an idea, concept, and/or "a way to ride".
General comment
Line 1 is weak, and should be strong. Also, it has no correlate in line 4, so it has to seek support from
the strong line 2 above it, the "horse" in the image. As a horse can roam anywhere, so the help here
can be limitless. This is useful in dealing with incipient dispersion or disintegration, which can be
corrected fairly easily before it gets out of hand.

~ Profile
Since rendering service to one's fellow men is one of the fundamental principles of our world, those
depicted here will, in general, have good lives.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a knowledgeable and noble individual, setting a good
example to others. He will be courageous in carrying out what is right. He will accomplish his
purposes and achieve some things of lasting benefit. He will have the respect and support of the
people, and he will help stabilize his country. His professional and personal lives will be rewarding.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will establish himself easily, accomplish worthwhile
projects, be beneficial to others, and have a nice home and a good life.
Deal with incipient disintegration quickly.
An estrangement is beginning. Deal with it now while it is still manageable, with the help of friends or
new ideas.
"JLK: Dispersion (dissolution, dissolving obstacles, overcoming dissension, to have been,

becoming, and being "One") is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as)
in (for, at, with) the calves, and/or ones impulses (the temporary, intermediate, and/or
regional).
Dispersion (dissolution, dissolving obstacles, overcoming dissension, to have been,

becoming, and being "One") is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the
ruling consensus).
If it is (excessively) well-controlled (well-timed), and/or alert, the results will be good, and there
will be advantage.
The sacrifice splatters the altar.
Amid dissolution (and/or dispersion) one hurries to what gives support.

JLK: And/or one hurries to give support.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) amid the dissolution (and/or dispersion),
hurrying (resorting) to ones contrivance (to what one has built, conceived, or created)
(something, and/or a way of doing things) for security (ease, or comfort).
All occasion for repentance, or regrets will disappear."
JLK: In a general way, this line may indicate that one is (was, might, will, or should be) making a big
effort, to the point of "letting blood flow", splattering "the altar", meaning the effort is considerable,

substantial, at the cost of (some, or substantial) life-force or energy.
Gathered sources: The actions necessary for a change can be very unpleasant, as illustrated by the
fact that during the sacrifice, the altar is splattered (by blood, or other). Therefore, this line may hold a
reminder that one better be absolutely certain of what one is doing.
"Amidst the prevailing dissolution (and/or dispersion) one hurries to ones contrivance (to what one
has built, conceived, or created) for security": one is (was, might, or will be) getting what one desires.
One is (was, might, or will be) hurrying to what one has been able to (ingenuously) arrange, or
organize, and which can offer help, or security.
The occurrence of this line may hold the advice that under the presently occurring circumstances, if
people begin to avoid one (or that which is at the center of the matter at hand), one should stay
affable, self-assured, and see the best in them. One should not become hostile or defensive.
The lower inner trigram, the thunder (arousing, movement, shock) represents the foot and rapid
running. The support upon which this line can count is that of the like-minded strong ruler, the yang
(strong, active) line in the fifth place.
Because the man represented by the yang (strong, active) in the second place seeks out the prince
the ruler) on his own initiative, it might be surmised that he would have occasion to regret it. But he is
strong and central, and his unusual behavior is caused by the unusual time. He does not act from
egotistic motives, but wishes to put a stop to the dissolution, and this he finally achieves in friendship
with the yang (strong, active) line in the fifth place.
This line is the 2nd line of the lower trigram, the water. Line 2 of hex. 29 the Water (the Danger, the
Liveliness) shows how one is confronted by danger (difficulties, incalculableness) similar to that of the
middle and/or the deeps of a lively stream of water. The way out of the risky situation is found by
being as thorough and as practical as possible, not thanks to merely a prayer for good form and/or
the occurring occasion.
General comment
Line 2, a strong line, is in the middle of the dispersion caused by lines 1 and 3, as if placed in a valley
or gorge, and is the center line of the trigram Kan peril. This man will either have disintegration and
alienation all around him, or else he will perceive the beginnings of such within himself. By adopting a
positive attitude, and initiating corrective action, he will be able to overcome dangers. Strong, noble,
penetrating, courageous and dynamic persons are indicated. Such persons are vital to every agency
and activity. The nature of their work will depend on their own natural bent.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a good man, with much common sense and practicality,
following a middle way. He will know the value of, and will use, a positive attitude. He will be
analytical, and will observe changes in people, with time and will take rectifying actions as necessary.
He will have hardships early in life, but circumstances will ease later, giving a good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have to go out into the world on his own, early in life. He
will have much work and many hardships, but his efforts will be more effective later in life, and he will
then enjoy a quiet and moderately wealthy existence.
A positive attitude is always beneficial.

You are in a somewhat dangerous situation. Deal with it spiritually, and work with like-minded
associates.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) dispersion (dissolution, dissolving
obstacles, overcoming dissension, to have been, becoming, and being "One") in (at, for, with)
Dispersion of ones own person (and/or personal affairs).

One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) dispersing ones own person (and/or
personal affairs).
Self-centered (egocentric, or egotistic) thoughts (or ways of acting) are (were, might, will, or
should be) disappearing; There are (were, might, will or should be) no selfish intentions.
There will be no occasion for repentance, or regrets."
JLK: At the center of the matter at hand lies the question if what occurs is scattering (dispersing) ones
"energies" (ones person, ones being), and consequently or conversely (depending on the context)
what one needs to do (and/or can do) against it and stay focused.
Under the occurring circumstances, that which is at the center of the matter at hand shows dispersion
of ones (own) person. It may point to distracting influences that scatter ones attention and/or focus
(on the subject of ones interest).
If this is the result of one having no selfish intentions, then this in accordance with what is right.
Conversely, if there are selfish intentions, there will be regrets.
Alternatively, it may mean that what occurs is actually involuntarily leading to the dispersion of ones
person, in a distracting and scattering way. In that case this line may hold the advice to detach from
this, and from any selfish motives that might be occurring in relation to what is at the center of the
matter at hand. Then there will be no regrets.
Depending on the context, "dispersion of ones person" may also point to (a form of) "multiplication" or
"reproduction" of "ones person", such as through procreation. It might also hold the suggestion to
"reach out", such as when giving the other a hand when greeting (yet stil, while holding ones
composure).
This line is the top line of the lower trigram the water (danger, difficulties, the incalculable). The 3rd
line of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the Liveliness), shows how one is being trapped in a pit (or
abyss) as a consequence of having wrong objectives (goals). Therefore, the present situation carries
the risk of one being trapped, albeit in this case as a consequence of the "dispersion" (and
distraction), which makes one be completely off-track (off-target), i.e. due to being lured into adopting
wrong objectives (goals).
The way to remedy against this risk is to thoroughly review what it is one wishes to be led by, and

what ones objectives (goals) should actually be, if one wishes to live the life one truly desires, yet still
in accordance with what is right (good, light, loving, strong), and without falling into a trap.
The 3rd line of the inner hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws), shows how one
is at risk of consuming poison, or not taking nourishment at all, both of which are bound to lead to
misfortune.
Thus, depending on the context, this line may hold the advice to align (things) with what is true in
oneself (and/or to adapt to it), in the others and when exchanging with them, as well as in the
Universe. If one neglects any of these, one is at risk of developing false beliefs and goals, being
misled, with no hope of getting the end in sight. By studying the self and its place with the Universe,
one finds the way and/or the information to what is really important.
Alternatively and/or consequently, it may be that here, if one can’t accept that one is (oneself) more
self-serving than one thinks to be, one will continue to unconsciously put oneself first at the expense
of others, with the results one can expect. Since here it's good not to have selfish intentions, one
should focus on finding the right balance.
Gathered sources: "One disregards ones own person": ones aim (goal, or will) is (was, might, will, or
should be) directed on what is external (or strange) to oneself; On something that has nothing to do
with ones own personal well-being (only).
~ Profile
These persons are destined to serve others. They will be of little value to the world except through
renunciation of self and possessions. This means getting rid of everything that might prove a barrier
to working with, and understanding, others. Their goals must be completely altruistic, and as universal
as possible, for the best results. Their accomplishments will be so satisfying that these persons will
have no regrets over the life they lead.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will work for his community or country, correcting any major
mistakes that occur. He will serve both his leader and the people well. He will spend much time away
from home, but otherwise will have a very good home life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will go out into the world on his own, early in life, and will
establish himself in a foreign land. He will have a middling life, with neither great achievements nor
major difficulties. He will have a good life, and may turn to the cultivation of himself as his mode of
existence.
Break down barriers between yourself and others.
Cast out or disperse evil thoughts and keep only the good, within and without.

4
obstacles, overcoming dissension, to have been, becoming, and being "One") in (for) the heart
Dispersion (dissolution, dissolving obstacles, overcoming dissension, to have been,

becoming, and being "One") is (was, might, will, or should be be) occurring (and/or required)
in (by) the way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) dissolving the established bonds (a
relationship) one has with ones group (and/or associates/associations).
This brings sublime good fortune and/or advantage.
Dispersion leads to accumulation.

This is something that ordinary men don't think of;
They do not understand (this advantageous side of things)."
JLK: The 4th line symbolizes the heart and the emotions. The dissolving and/or dispersion that is at
the center of the matter at hand, is (was, might, or will be) opening the heart to new possibilities. This
leads to a new form of accumulation, which is advantageous in this case. This accumulation helps (is
required) to build "the temple", mentioned in the text of "the Image".
Gathered sources: "One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) dissolving the established
bonds": one is creating an opening for new possibilities.
Here, the new possibilities are created by dissolving existing bonds or configurations (and/or ways of
doing things), and/or by letting something go or pass.
One should not be afraid of letting go of something valuable, for in the end (under the occurring
circumstances) this shall bring one even more wealth (advantage).
When we are working at a task that affects the general welfare, we must leave all private friendships
(and/or attachments) out of account. Only by rising above party (and/or personal) interests can we
achieve something decisive. He who has the courage thus to forego what is near wins what is afar.
But in order to comprehend this standpoint, one must have a wide view of the interrelationships of life,
such as only unusual men attain.
The lower trigram is to be regarded as Kun (the earth, the receptive, the female, the weak)
transformed into Kan (the water, the danger, the incalculable, the multitude). It represents a group of
people in its passive and receptive state. Its middle line has detached itself and moved into the fourth
place, it has dissolved its bond with its group and dissolves the group, for its place is now taken by
the strong nine in the second place.
Thus, through dispersion comes accumulation, i.e. the upper inner trigram Gen, the mountain (the
immobile, what is rested, what is stacked up and grown tough, information).
This yin (yielding, weak, receptive) line, the six in the fourth place, stands in the relationship of
receiving to the ruler, the nine in the fifth place, and has won the strong official, the nine in the second
place, as its assistant, so that accumulation does in fact follow upon dispersion.

General comment
The necessity to give before one can receive has been understood and applied by leaders at all
levels throughout the ages. These persons must forget themselves in the interests of their public,
rising above man-made rules, party factions and exclusive associations in their efforts at impartial
service. By so doing they will truly give, and from their actions attain sublime good fortune. Only truly
dedicated persons, in high and influential positions, can successfully work for the benefit of many.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a man of vision and insight. He will establish himself
early on in a noble manner, and will achieve fame for his meritorious accomplishments. He will
abolish separatist activities and quell selfish cliques. He will be trusted by his leader, and will unify the
people through his own leadership. He will have a very favorable life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a brilliant and successful leader. He will make
gains and benefit from every enterprise in which he engages. He will enjoy a variety of activity, and
will change his job several times in his life. He will have a modestly beneficial and successful life.
One must give before one can receive.
Dissolve one sided factions so that gains can be made. One must give before one can receive.

5
obstacles, overcoming dissension, to have been, becoming, and being "One") in (for, with) the

advantage.
Amid dispersion he issues commands, with much perspiration.
The King is (was, might, will, or should be) dispensing his treasures.
The ruler (that which is ruling, governing, and/or the dominant consensus) is (was, might, will,
or should be) sharing (offering, attributing, using) his (its) treasures (resources, and/or know-
how), and/or chooses who to share them with. No error.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) amidst the dispersion, issuing ones Great
announcements (initiatives and orders) as perspiration flows from ones body.
Ones ("loud") crying is (was, might, or will be) (as) dissolving into sweat.
One scatters abroad, the accumulations in the royal granaries.

There will be no mistake; No error, no blame."
JLK: The King (the one, and/or that which is ruling) is (was, might, will, or should be) dispensing
and/or sharing his (its) treasures. The reason for this is given in the text of the Image: he is (was,
might, will, or should be) doing this in order to create (or move towards) a "temple", dedicated to the
highest (Ultimately, spiritually, and personally). It is this temple that can (and should) protect him
against spiritual danger, difficulties, and threats.
What is ruling, shares its wealth. Conversely, such sharing may be absent, due to circumstances
being inadequate. The reason for such an absence may be that one has not made an effort big
enough to cause "perspiration" (sweat).
Thus, alternatively, this line may hold the advice to make a Great (or bigger) effort, so that those
ruling, and/or that which is ruling, can bestow and share in the treasures they have to offer.
Gathered sources: Here, one is (was, might, or will be) dealing with actions that have to be taken, no
matter how difficult they are.
The accumulations of "the royal granaries" are dispersed, and there is (was, might, or will be) no
mistake (no error): this is due to the correctness of the position.
Ones activities and announcements are (were, might or will be) (as) resulting in (what is like)
sweating, which is the body's natural way of dispersing ("channeling") too Great amounts of energies.
It also is literally a manifestation of great difficulties (danger, incalculableness).
In times of general dispersion and separation, a Great idea or concept provides a focal point for (the)
reorganization of recovery. Just as an illness reaches its crisis in a dissolving sweat, likewise, a Great
and stimulating idea (or concept) is (or can be) a true salvation in times of general deadlock (like the
presence of a man in a ruling position who is able to dispel all misunderstandings). It gives (all) the
people a (rallying) point of reference.

General comment
Two symbolisms are expressed here. Just as sweating breaks a fever, so will the king's proclamations
disperse and cure rebellious thoughts and actions. The second image shows the king employing the
principle that to give is to receive. By giving to the people he will receive much more in return. Wise
and able leadership is depicted here. These persons will be called upon to correct unhealthy
conditions, some of which will have been brought about by their own mistakes, and some of which will
be the fault of others. In the end no grave errors will occur.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in an important and influential position, carrying out his
duties with a deep love of people and an innate respect for what is right and just. He will establish
much of benefit to others, and will be duly rewarded in return. He will merit a highly favorable
reputation.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be ambitious and knowledgeable. He will always aim
high, and will enjoy winning others over. He will rise from a position of low status to modest fame and
honors.
Make corrections with the changing times and changing circumstances.
Dispense your inner resources and external treasures, and you will break the deadlock that is
hampering you.
obstacles, overcoming dissension, to have been, becoming, and being "One") in (for, with) the
One is (was, might, will, or should be) dispersing, and/or disposing of (what are like) ones
bloody wounds (and/or difficulties); Departing, and/or going and separating oneself from ones
own anxious fears, or from what was at the source of this.
Keeping harm at the right distance, place or time; Indeed.
There will be no blame; No mistake; No error."
Gathered sources: Ones bloody wounds (and/or difficulties) are (were, might, will, or should be)
(made) gone (avoided): one is (was, might, or will be) removed (and moving, acting) far (away) from
the danger of injury (and/or difficulties).
Here, the thought is not that one avoids problems for oneself alone, but rather that one (also) rescues
ones kin (those like oneself, ones family, or clan). One is (was, might, will, or should be) helping
(oneself as well as) the other to get away before the danger comes (adequately keeping away from it,

or rescuing from it while in the middle of it). This way, one does what is right.
General comment
This line will, on occasion, suffer problems, owing to its correlate being line 3, which is at the top of
the trigram Kan, peril.
~ Profile
These persons must disperse those matters and situations which might lead to bloodshed and
wounds. This applies in his personal life, and in his dealings with his associates, his work, and his
country. He must act in such a manner as will keep danger away, or take appropriate action to
dissolve and disperse danger when encountered. Only strong, courageous and wise persons will be
successful in this.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be very knowledgeable, talented, practical, intelligent and
quick thinking. He will be loyal and patriotic, for the well-being of the people. He will know how to
overcome difficulties and will do so. He will be in a high position, and will achieve much of lasting
benefit. He will have a rich and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will know when is the right time to initiate change, when to
advance, and when to retreat. He will travel considerably, and will establish himself a long way from
his place of birth. He will overcome troubles and dangers, and be of benefit to others, on a modest
scale.
Never allow disintegration to become severe.
Take whatever steps are necessary to overcome danger, for your own protection and the protection of
those dependent on you.

Hexagram 60, the Restraint (the Limitations, the Rhythm of Life)
- Jie (Chieh)
The theme of this hexagram is that of restraint, like the restraint (and/or the limits) that is (are)
imposed by the rhythms of life (nature, the Universe) or the rhythm of a musical beat, or that of
regulations and rules. It is also the restraint that one applies in order to avoid wasting things, and/or
excess.
The Image says:
"the restraint; the limitation; the limits; the rhythm of life; the rhythm of things;
the regulating:
Like the clouds of condensed water above the ocean.
This is the ocean as filled, freshened up, or polluted by the water, or the rain, in its capacity of
being nourishing, spilling, or wasted.
Thus the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) creating and/or exploring (the way of)
the number (measurement, calculation, criteria), and/or he is inquiring about, measuring, and
constructing his methods and ways of doing things, numbering, categorizing, certifying,
and/or evaluating, while discussing and considering what is (was, might, will, or should be)
virtuous, adequate, decent and correct.
The Great Man, when planning (for the benefit of virtue, wholesomeness, and/or the Universe),
will use the help of a set of rules (methods, or devices), a way of numbering, categorizing,
certifying, and/or evaluating."
JLK: Hex. 60, the Restraint (the Limitations, the Rhythm of Life), shows water (liveliness, difficulties,
the danger, the incalculable, the memory) rising from a vast ocean (joy and sadness, exchange,
wealth, massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps). There is
only a limited quantity of water contained in the ocean. This gives the idea of limitation and restraint.
The conditions and circumstances of restraint (limitation, the rhythm of life) will strongly depend (be
influenced) by (and/or occur in a context of) nourishment, as described by its inner hex. 27, the Way
of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws).
Gathered sources: One contemplates the basics of rules, limitations and regulations; By what
standards to operate, and how to harmonize these standards in a wholesome and enlightened way.
The superior one studies and/or works on how to categorize things, and what rules, methods or
devices are best suited for the matter at hand.
JLK: The limitations - and consequently the restraint - imposed by the rhythm of life show the process
and limits of change. They display (outline) the "flow" of the Universe. The superior one studies these
to learn how to proceed.
Thus, this hexagram may hold the message to determine if what is at the center of the matter at hand

stays within certain (already existing, established) limits, or not. Is one (and/or are those being at the
center of what occurs) behaving according to what is possible? Does what occurs agree with the
rules of number, facts, and/or confirmed (proven) methods (and/or ways)? Is one truly (demonstrably)
acting in accordance with these?
The Judgment says:
"Restraining, limiting, limits, the rhythm of life, a rhythm of things:
These indicate the circumstances and conditions that will bring success, progress and
attainment, or on the contrary, what will block the way.
It is (was, might, or will be) good to restrain, but if the occurring regulations be severe and
difficult, they can not be continuous or permanent.
Thus, it is (was, might, or will be) not good to limit (restrain, measure, set criteria for) things in
a way that is (was, might, or will be) bitter (unpleasant, and/or egotistical).
Also, one should not be firm, persevere, anticipate, or do the divination with bitter restraint (or
in a bitter way)."
Gathered sources: Restraining and limiting things in ways that cause bitterness and grief will
eventually lead into disaster. Discipline is good, but one must be careful not to handle things too
rigidly, too accurately, too fanatically and eventually painful.
JLK: The text mentions that it is not good to do the divination "in a bitter way", and/or with excessive
restraint (that could become "bitter"). This may point to the fact that the matter at hand is paired with
such bitterness, and/or with bitter restraint (limitations that lead to bitterness), either towards oneself,
or towards others (which may point to egotistical motives).
Any limitation (restraint, measure, and/or setting of criteria) can lead to bitterness, if the limitation
(restraint, measure, and/or setting of criteria) is experienced as being "unfair", not justified, or
inappropriate. However, for every such unfairness there is a lesson to be found, and consequences to
be drawn and act on. The superior one will focus on these, instead of lingering on the bitterness
and/or planning things from the standpoint of bitterness and/or rancor, which can give no advantage.
Attributing evilness (excessive negativity) to people (or things) who (that) actually are not evil
(excessively negative), is also a form of bitterness and/or rancor. One should better find (focus on)
what one can support in the other(s) (and that is in accordance with Heaven's law, the ruling
principle).
On the other hand, if one has to acknowledge the fact that one is actually dealing with someone (or
something) evil (excessively small, inferior, negative), then this fact in itself should be dealt with
devoid of bitterness and without rancor, thus handling things in a way that is practical, realist, and
without any "fuss" (without complicating matters more than necessary), i.e. with "practical restraint".
Commentary
This hexagram is composed of the trigram Kan, the water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the
incalculable, the memory), over the trigram Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth,
massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps). An ocean is (still)
limited in size, while water is unlimited. Therefore restraints must be imposed on the water to keep the
ocean from overflowing.
Primarily, this hexagram is a symbol of correct government through wise rules for the guidance and
control of the people. Proper restraints will produce proper success. Harsh restraints will not be

adhered to, and consequently will not endure.
The Yi Jing is designed for superior persons. This hexagram advises how best they can circumscribe
themselves and their lives for the most satisfactory relations with others. This is vital, so that all
partners can know what to expect and how to act properly.
Broadly speaking, the restraints are brought about by the upper three lines and imposed by the lower
three.
Restraint is necessary at all levels of society and in every activity. This hexagram indicates either the
developing of restraint, or their application and execution. These are worthwhile and vital functions,
since true freedom can only be exercised within duly circumscribed limits.
~ Profile
The persons depicted by this hexagram will be intimately connected, either with the developing of
restraint, or with their application and execution. These are worthwhile and vital functions, since true
freedom can only be exercised within duly circumscribed limits.
Lines
"JLK: Restraint (limitation, a limit, the rhythm of life, regulation) is (was, might, will, or should
will be misfortune.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) remaining within the courtyard outside the door.
No error."
Gathered sources: This means one is aware, and knows when one has free course and when one is
obstructed.
Under the occurring circumstances, the road might be blocked (or hindered). Therefore, one is (was,
might, will, or should be) keeping things under restraint (holding oneself back).
JLK: The road to go on in the way being considered (and/or at the center of the matter at hand) is
(was, might, will, or should be) blocked, but this is in accordance with the time and circumstances. It
is right to remain in ones own "courtyard". To do things in ones own way.
Whereas the situation described in the 2nd line shows that one should "go out" into the world, embark
on a venture, and/or that one should not stay in ones habitual space and ordinary way of doing
things, here, under the presently occurring circumstances, the contrary is the case, and it is
appropriate not to get removed of ones usual habitat and/or way of doing (and/or handling) things.
Thus, this line may hold the advice to stick to (ones) conventional ways, to convention, to what is
already established.

Gathered sources:
The Ta Chuang: The Master said - "Where disorder develops, words are the first steps. If the prince is
not discreet, he loses his servant. If the servant is not discreet, he loses his life. If germinating things
are not handled with discretion, the perfecting of them is impeded. Therefore, the superior one is
careful to maintain silence, and does not go forth."
JLK: Alternatively, this line may indicate that for the matter at hand one should view oneself and/or
others as being "in the courtyard", meaning one is together in the same communal space, yet without
being in ones own house. It may mean there is and/or should be more solidarity and/or a sense of
community, and there should be certain precautions as to discretion and privacy. One must question if
for the matter at hand one is considering the best option (and/or solution) for such a communal space
(and/or the presently occurring one). It may point to the necessity to keep to oneself to a certain
degree, and/or to maintain (preserve) ones own identity (personality, and/or way of doing things).
Additionally, it may be that for the matter at hand one is forced (led) to take into account what is
happening (and/or occurring) in ones "courtyard" (garden, and/or communal space). Something one
may presently not be anticipating.
~ Profile
These persons will know their prescribed limits, and will keep within them.
This line, which is the 1st line of the hexagram, is strong in the right place, and hence would exercise
power and go its own way. Because this line has its correlate in line 4, the first line of the trigram Kan
(the water, the danger), this man, will realize that it is wisest for him to keep calm and tranquil and not
try to exceed due limits in any way. Since he will do this of his own free will, he will be exercising
proper restraint, conforming to customs and mores, and will be perfecting his own conduct.
Keeping within prescribed limits has value.
Be careful. Keep within the limits set for you, and you will remain free from blame.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) restraint (limitation, a limit, the rhythm of
life, regulation) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate,
and/or regional).
Restraint (limitation, a limit, the rhythm of life, regulation) is (was, might, or will be) occurring
Not going (out). Misfortune.

One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) not quitting the courtyard (instead staying
inside ones gate). Then there will be misfortune, which might be resulting in evil.
JLK: Consequently, the superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) going (out), moving
outwards and/or (aimed) towards the exterior, a new destination;
Making an appearance (a show, a display of content for an exchange) where (when)
necessary; Making the right (strong, creative) impression."
JLK: Since under the occurring circumstances "not quitting the courtyard" (ones garden, and/or
communal space) will bring misfortune, therefore, consequently, the advice to be taken from this line
is that one should go out, and literally "discover the world", and/or embark on a venture and/or move
towards others (beyond ones intimacy). One should not stay in ones habitual space and/or ordinary
way of doing things.
On a personal level, one may have to show more of oneself to others, of who one is and stands for,
what one accepts (from others) and what not, what ones intentions are, or not, ones interests, etc...
One may have to make an "appearance" of oneself (a presentation) (in person). One may have to
make an explicit show of sincerity, and exchange (as indicated by the lower trigram, the ocean)
This line may also mean that if one will not "go out" (or "move on") at present, one is losing time and
opportunity.
Alternatively, this line may indicate that one is (was, might, or will be) incapable of going out beyond
ones courtyard (ones garden, and/or communal space), which here is unfortunate but might be
something one has to resign in.
Conversely, this line may indicate that the (other) one who (or that which) one is dealing with, is not
showing enough of who (what) one (it) is. This will necessarily lead to misfortune, sooner or later.
Therefore one should be prudent.
Gathered sources: "One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will) not (be) quitting the courtyard inside
ones gate...", indicates there will be misfortune which might be resulting in evil: one is losing the time
and opportunity for action to an extreme degree.
A missed opportunity is (was, might, or will be) detrimental.
Here misfortune is (was, might, or will be) occurring, due to the fact that one is (was, might, or will)
not (be) (able, or succeeding at) going beyond what is the (or ones) "courtyard", not (even) passing
(through) ones (own) gate; One may not be going (acting, or moving) "beyond" ones (usual) territory
(or household and courtyard circle, field, domain, view, perspective).

One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) too confined or attached to ones habits or habitual
circumstances
Here, if one is not "going", (i.e. going out, going somewhere), this is (was, might, or will be) bringing
misfortune. It is not good to (merely) "arrive" or stay somewhere, or in a certain situation.
This line may point to the fact that it is presently not the moment for (extra, or more) restraint!
General comment
Line 2 is a strong line in a weak place and so cannot exert its strength properly. It is also held back by
the strong line 5.
~ Profile
These restraints will definitely limit the potential of these persons, and give them the characteristic of
holding back when they ought to be taking action. Even though inwardly they will have the potential to
be leaders, destiny will restrain them and limit their effectiveness.
Most auspicious (in the best case): Although he will be talented, either he will not know how to display
his abilities properly, or else situations and circumstances will be such that his abilities will not be
recognized or cannot be used. His progress likewise will be limited and restrained. He is advised to
look inward and improve himself, rather than contest his destiny unsuccessfully in the external world.
His personal life will be modest yet satisfactory.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be moderately well educated, but dull-witted and bound
by conventions. He will be a poor communicator, and will not look for ways to progress but will stick
instead to old and obsolete methods. He will accomplish nothing worthwhile, and his family life will
lack felicity.
When you possess a potential you should use it.
A blessing will present itself. It would be remiss of you not to take advantage of your good fortune.

3
life, regulation) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones
occurring.
By not observing due restraint one will have cause to lament (for sadness).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will) not (be) showing any appearance of observing the
proper regulations, in which case one might end up to be lamenting, although there will be no
one to blame but oneself.
One who knows no limitation, will have reasons (and cause) for lament (sorrow).
Lament over neglect, who is (was, might, or will be) to blame for this?
No restraint leads to distress: make no mistake(s)!
Still, there will be no blame."
JLK: This line may in particular refer to how one is (was, might, or will be) trying to restrain others,
and that one is (was, might, or will be) doing this in a way that is inappropriate. Additionally, and/or
alternatively, one is (was, might, or will be) not restraining ones own urge to restrain others.
There are times where one has to leave others at their own devices, for better or for worse. Also, one
should only try to restrain others in (substantially) more discrete and appropriately measured ways.
Depending on the context, this line may therefore hold the advice (for the occurring circumstances)
not (to try) to restrain things and/or others. Instead, one should concentrate on appropriately
restraining (limiting) oneself, while "going with the flow".
Gathered sources: Here, there is neglect as a result of not respecting the proper way restraint should
occur. An inappropriate (form of) restraint is pushed as far as to result in neglect of some sort.
One (the one, or that which is at the center of the inquiry) may be well aware of the rules, and of what
is (was, might, or will be) possible and what not (under the occurring circumstances). One should not
try to break them, or surpass ones Dao.
In the "lamentation for not observing the proper regulations", who should there be to blame? The
answer to this may also make one aware of the fact that if one has not been (is, might, or will be not)
negligent oneself (and appropriately restraining things), then likewise, there will be no blame (to
oneself), and there need be no lament.
Also, in a more positive way, this may indicate one who is (was, might, or will be) blaming (on) himself
over a lack of (self-) restraint, which is (was, might, or will be) not wrong! Who would think this
(sighing over, and complaining about a lack of self-restraint, or control) to be wrong?!
General comment
Here at the top of trigram Dui, the water from above, i.e. the upper trigram, is filling the lake to the
point of overflowing, indicating that restraints are not being observed. This will obviously bring cause

for lament. Here, 'no blame' signifies that he has had no one to blame but himself, line 3 being weak
and having no proper correlate.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will attain a high position and a large salary, but will not be
frugal, spending gains quickly and never establishing himself on a sound financial basis. He will also
be careless with the financial state of his business, and will face many worries and uncertainties.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be envious of others, and servile, always trying to gain
something for little or nothing. He will quite likely miss his footing in his haste for gain, and will seldom
make a real profit. He will have means enough for food and shelter, but he will never be truly happy.
Lack of restraint is invariably damaging.
If you do not observe due restraint, you must suffer the consequences. If you realize your errors and
correct them, you will enhance your responsibility.
life, regulation) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones
Restraint (limitation, a limit, the rhythm of life, regulation) is (was, might, will, or should be)
Peaceful restraint, is (was, might, will, or should be) a sacrifice (an offer, or a present).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) quietly and naturally attentive to all ways
of regulating, restraining and spilling.
Contentment with restraint. Success."
JLK: "Peaceful restraint, is a sacrifice" points to the fact that the mere fact of choosing the way of
peace, is an act in itself. Although nothing is said about there being good fortune or not, choosing the
way of peace will always offer the most stable and sound basis for anything that will follow
subsequently, and is therefore the best way to guarantee the success of any endeavor.
This line may also point to the fact that here, things are (were, might, will, or should be) restrained
(limited) in a peaceful way, whether one chooses for it, or not.
If on top of the peaceful restraint, one can achieve being content, then this will lead to success.
In a general way, this line may indicate one (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) doing an

effort to bring peace, and/or to reconcile (various) parties.
Gathered sources: The "progress and success of the quiet and natural attention to all regulations", is
(was, might, or will be) due to the deference (respect) which accepts the ways of the ruler above (the
Universal consciousness).
The success (of ones present position, or circumstances) is (was, will or might be) indicated by the
fact that above this line there appears a strong line.
One is (was, might, or will be) restraining (limiting, categorizing, numbering) without using too much
(of) ones (will-) power (alone).
This line may point to the fact that one (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) acting
properly, but without violence or violent intentions. This is (was, might, or will be) pleasing to others as
well as oneself.
General comment
Line 4 is weak, as it should be, and subject to the good, strong leadership of line 5. Hence, these
persons will be content with the restraints imposed upon them, and will abide within their limitations.
Loyal and obedient persons are depicted, who are ideally suited for their supporting positions, and,
under the guidance of strong leaders, will effectively and efficiently carry out all that 1s expected of
them. This will give great pleasure and satisfaction to their leaders. This mutual cooperation will be
productive of many accomplishments and much success.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will help the ruler or leader successfully, and will follow the
golden mean. He will accomplish many worthwhile projects, and will maintain his positions with ease.
His advice will be sought by both his juniors and his seniors. He will have a rich and rewarding life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be moderately talented, and well qualified for the
positions he will hold. These may not be very high, but they will provide him with an easy, generally
trouble free life.
Loyalty and obedience are valuable assets.
You adhere to restraint, as you should. This concentration of energy will be productive of success.

5
life, regulation) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words

will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) sweetly enacting ones regulations, with
acceptance and sincerity; Sweet restraint brings good fortune.
Proceed and be praised. Advancing brings success.
JLK: If there has been no restraint before, then this line recommends there should be now, (and/or)
for the matter at hand.
If restraint has been occurring for a significant time, in a significant way, then this line may indicate
that this has been enough, and that conditions may be right for a change in direction and/or to
proceed with what one is considering for the matter at hand, especially if it is in accordance with what
is right (strong, light, loving) and supportive.
Gathered sources: The "good fortune arising from the regulations enacted sweetly and acceptably", is
(was, might, or will be) due to the line occupying the place of authority and being in the center
Restraint has been occurring for a time (that is considered to be) long enough, or in a way that is
good (appropriate) enough.
Choose to act properly, and you will be rewarded.
General comment
Line 5 is strong in the right position, but without a correlate.
~ Profile
Hence it signifies persons who regulate their lives well, with restraint, as well as imposing restraints
that are acceptable to others. Many leaders impose rules and regulations, which, instead of correcting
and curbing evil, merely bring additional hardships to those who are good anyway.
Truly wise, noble and virtuous leadership is depicted here. It will be coupled with a great love and
deep understanding of people. Consequently, the actions of these leaders will be beneficial to all, and
will result in good fortune.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a high position, and his efforts will result in beneficial
and acceptable systems and regulations. He will be respected by nearly everyone, and he will place
his country or his enterprise in a sound financial position. He will gain well-earned fame, and his life

will be highly beneficial and rewarding, for himself, his family and his country.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will regulate his life within acceptable limits, and will demand
and receive the like from others. He will be content with modest accomplishments, and will have a
good life, with sufficient funds, frugally managed, but never luxury.
Wise leadership prescribes only acceptable restraints.
Laying down constraints and rules, in an impartial manner, will bring good fortune, whether it be in
connection with oneself, one's family, or one's profession.
life, regulation) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's
law).
There is (was, might, or will be) irritating (frustrating, bitter) restraint (limitation, rhythm of life,
regulation).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) enacting regulations (restraints, limitations) (that
are) severe and difficult.
Persistent enforcement brings misfortune.

Even with firmness and correctness there might be misfortune resulting in evil.
Though there will be cause for repentance and regrets, these will gradually, by and by
disappear."
JLK: Restraining things and/or intervening (in order to arrange or regulate) too forcefully and/or too
often (in ways too frustrating, and/or too bitter), might result in misfortune and evil. On the other hand,
even if this leads to regrets, they will gradually disappear.
Gathered sources: The regulations that are occurring here, are severe and difficult. If one goes on in
the way that is presently occurring, even with firmness and correctness there will be misfortune that
might result in evil: the course indicated by the hexagram (i.e. restraint, restraining things) has come
to an end.
If one will leave the path, or stop the way of doing things at present, with it, the source of ones
troubles will disappear.
This line may hold the warning that while severe or harsh restraints may be employed in an
emergency or exceptional situations, if they are prolonged unnecessarily, they will prove to be
injurious.

General comment
Idealism has replaced practicality here, as is often the case with the sixth line. The vast majority of
people are not sufficiently advanced for idealistic rules and regulations, and will rebel, feeling them to
be unjust. Efforts to try and enforce irritating restraints will only lead to further difficulties and
increased violations. This will bring misfortune, for all concerned. Sometimes, however, it is only
through strict self-discipline that lasting corrections can be made. In such cases, if the leaders
willingly impose self-restraint and set a good example themselves, others will gradually follow and the
occasion for sternness will pass.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be in a high position, yet modest, reverent, incorruptible,
honest and plain-spoken. He may be quite idealistic, and probably exceedingly frugal. He will deal
with situations as they come, and will never complain.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a difficult person, austere and stingy. He will have
many impractical ideas, and have difficulty adapting himself to life. He will have few friends, many
regrets, and perhaps even some serious misfortune.
Irritating restraints will not be heeded.
Examine your situation, and see if stricter adherence to rules may not be what you need at this time,
for your own benefit.

Hexagram 61, the Inner Sincerity (the Inner Truth, Inner Reliability)
- Zhong Fu (Chung Fu)
The theme of this hexagram is the inner sincerity and reliability, like that which one must have in order
to be believed or trusted by those who (or that which) are (is) hardest to convince thereof.
The Image says:
"the inner sincerity; the inner truth; the inner reliable truth; inner reliability; reliability;
sincerity without reservations; what is essential:
The wind blows over the ocean and moves its water.
Thus, the influence of what is invisible becomes visible.
Likewise, the superior one, in accordance with this, is (was, might, will, or should be)
deliberating about cases of litigation (legal matters), discussing criminal cases in order to
delay or avoid executions (such as the infliction of death and/or destruction).
The Great Man will think carefully and consider things "from within" before making up, or
formulating his judgment on someone or something, and he will not lightly condemn someone
or something to death (to be destroyed, and/or removed)."
JLK: Hex. 61, the Inner Sincerity (the Inner Truth, Inner Reliability), shows the wind (the wood, the
banners, the experience) blowing high over a vast ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth,
massive fullness and openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps). The wind softly
penetrates, confuses, and reorganizes all that it can influence wide and afar. This gives the idea of
truth that is so strong, that while being immeasurably soft, it influences even those who are the least
open to being influenced, due to it being felt (experienced) "inside" (at the interior, in a way that is
essential).
Inner sincerity (inner truth, inner reliability) will strongly depend on (be influenced by, and/or occur in a
context of) the nourishment (physical and/or spiritual) it is (was, might, will, or should be) given, as
described by its inner hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws).
In a general way, this hexagram indicates that one should focus on what is (was, might, will, or should
be) the "inner truth" of oneself, of others, of the matter at hand, and/or of what is essential (to one,
and/or ones goals). It may hold tthe advice to be guided by ones intuition (letting it guide and nourish
ones rational mind), and/or appeal to that of the others.
Gathered sources: The wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and confusing, the softly organizing, the
organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience) moves the water of the ocean (joy
wetness, swamps) because it succeeds in penetrating it. The wood, the word, the organism, moves
and penetrates what is liveliness, wealth, joy, science, happiness or sadness, and (what is as) an
ocean "full of tears".
Thus the noble, when he (or she) is to judge others, only penetrates into the essence and meaning of

everything by a lot of understanding, thus allowing his (or her) judgment to come about thoroughly,
and full of sympathy for the circumstances (out of which occurs compassion, without which nothing
can have any reliable sense or meaning).
JLK: The word (or "what is organized", organizing, and/or confusing) transforms the self-contained
(the ocean). This can occur together with a shock (awakening, and arousing, as indicated by the
lower inner trigram the thunder), or with a form of "stacking up" (immobilizing, resting, or pushing
around, and growing tough, as indicated by the higher inner trigram the mountain).
The (resulting) confusion (the organization, the society, or the justice system) influences what is (too)
self-contained.
The Judgment says:
"Inner sincerity, inner truth, inner reliability, reliability, sincerity without reservations, that
which is essential:
The conditions described by these show the way to attain trust (confidence, balance, stability,
massiveness).
Pigs and dolphins indicate fortune: to contemplate the way they are (and behave).
Things can look strong and beautiful, but one should contemplate the actual, "real" and
truthful content of things, from a practical, "open" (receptive), as well as from a daily, and
continuous standpoint.
One can not avoid to have ones standpoint changed through time.
What will remain the longest, is the standpoint that one is occupying as from "within" the
nature of things; This is what one calls the "inner" truth.
Pigs, dolphins, men, and those who are like them, can only be influenced by Great sincerity;
As "from the inside".
Only Great sincerity (honesty, practicality, appropriateness, and reliability) will allow for a
favorable response, as to open the way to any enterprise; They even be "lively", or dangerous
ones.
It is advantageous to cross the Great water, or to begin an endeavor.

There is profit in the divination, anticipation, and being persevering.
There will be advantage also in being firm and correct."
Gathered sources: Fortune occurs in understanding, and contemplating the way (or reasons why)
dolphins and pigs behave (move, or act).
On the whole, pigs are considered the least intelligent, and least spiritual of all animals. Dolphins on
the other hand are considered the most intelligent. Both animals are very hard to be influenced. If
(even) beings, who are as little spiritual and intelligent as pigs, or, on the contrary, as intelligent as
dolphins, are to be influenced, the power of the truth must be truly Great. Understanding this, brings
fortune.
Likewise, if one is dealing with (confronting, or confronted by) others (the people, the crowds, or
"beings"), the whole secret lies in finding a way to communicate straight into their hearts.
Inner truth (and reliability) can only occur thanks to the introspection. This means that one has to
study oneself, or "the self" with Great care and love (as it is to be considered a Great and Ultimate
creation), and start by getting rid of ones own preconceptions and not be prejudgmental. One should
be totally open to the other, without holding back, but without loosing the respect for the "self", or
loosing ones "freedom to decide" (or "freedom to will"). This is how one can (or may) come close to

the other. The (newly) acquired openness will allow for communication and exercising influence.
It is profitable to look ahead of things, and to act accordingly.
This hexagram has a common theme with hex. 59, the Dispersing (the Dissolution, To Have Been,
Becoming, and Being "One"), where we find the wood/wind trigram occurring above the water trigram,
and which shows the idea of wood floating on water. Here, in hex. 61, the Inner Sincerity (the Inner
Truth, Inner Reliability), we find the wood/wind trigram occurring above the ocean trigram, which is a
vast body of water, and which therefore also shows the idea of wood floating on water, but on a
grander scale. However, in hex. 59 the wood has to find stability (get a "grip") on water, which
indicates danger and incalculableness. In hex. 61 one finds joy and inner truth through the stability
offered by the wood as well the vastness of the ocean.
Commentary
The hexagram is composed of the trigram Sun, the wind (the wood, the softly penetrating and
confusing, the softly organizing, the organism, society, the justice system, banners, the experience)
occurring over the trigram Dui, the ocean (joy and sadness, exchange, wealth, massive fullness and
openness, refinement, decadence, fertility, wetness, swamps). The invisible action of the wind
manifests in its visible effect on the surface of the ocean. The hexagram is open within (lines 3 and 4),
with two strong lines at each end.
This hexagram also signifies inner sincerity that can influence, unsuspected by the recipient.
~ Profile
Persons born under this hexagram are specifically enjoined to use whatever abilities they have, and
not leave any dormant. This should be an important precept in anyone's life. Since a man's external
influence stems from within, one must be careful regarding the nature of one's thoughts and
meditations. Maximum effectiveness will be achieved when mental barriers have been removed and
doors opened. Establishing a rapport with others will be especially helpful.
These persons will have such inner strength of character that they will influence many others, both
near and far. In general, they will do this with an open heart (the hexagram being open in the middle)
and without guile. The degree of their influence will be determined by their controlling line, and by
their karmic level and their intelligence. Since their influence will often be unconscious and great, they
should periodically check the effect they are having on others, and make adjustments as necessary.

Lines
"JLK: Inner sincerity (inner truth, reliability, the essential) is (was, might, will, or should be)
of doing things).
To be prepared (or ready) brings good fortune (profit, or advantage).

The will has (is) not yet changed, and/or should not yet be changed;
To pay attention to (or to heed) the end (burial offerings, the offerings after the day of burying,
i.e. bringing someone or something to the final destination, or to that which occurs), or
(consequently) the preparations for this, is (was, might, or will be) favorable.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like the officer (when) in charge of
hunting and fishing (providing nourishment): in that case there will be good fortune.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) resting in (and limiting oneself to) oneself.
If one would not do this, or if one were to shelter hidden motives (or inferior motives), one
would not find rest, and it would be (is, was, might be, or will be) disquieting (and/or obvious,
restless, or unpeaceful, as "a swallow (a bird) in the sky").
If there is (was, might, or will be) another (someone else), then no rest (either)."
JLK: The warning that one should pay attention to (or heed) "the end (burial offerings)", in a more
general way indicates that one has to think (plan ahead) about how the affairs (or issues) at the
center of the matter at hand will be closed (rounded) off. Taking charge of nourishment (providing for
oneself the means to live), and to "hunt" and/or "fish" for this (in such a context), will lead to good
fortune, if done appropriately and in accordance with what is right (strong, light, Great, loving).
Gathered sources: "One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) resting (in oneself, or in
general). There will be good fortune": no change has (or will) yet come in ones purpose (or will).
The fortune is (was, or will be) attached to the fact that one is (was, will be or should be) not changing
ones aim or purpose.
On a human level, this is (was, might, or will be) a time to stay tranquil and alone.
It means that when the circumstances offer (allow for) a time of reflection on the meaning and
purpose of life, it is advantageous to take it.
For the strength (steadfastness) of inner truth, it is especially important to be persevering,

anticipating, and prepared (ready). It is from this state of mind (or of things) that the correct (right)
way of doing things (acting) comes forth.
But, if (some-) one should try to maintain (or cultivate) secret (or hidden) relationships (or of a special
sort), or secret (hidden, or special) motives (or intentions), this would cost one ones moral
independence (depriving one of ones inner dependence, and reliability). The more one would rely on
the support of others (and the more one would be confident about this), the more one would be (-
come) uneasy, and anxious, as to whether the (secret, hidden, or special) relationship(s) (ties, or
bonds) will be really tenable (and whether the other(s) will really keep (or maintain) the trust, and stay
reliable, not betraying things).

Likewise, the more one relies on secret (hidden, or special) motives (intentions, plans, or agendas),
the more one will be anxious about if these will work out, and/or be reliable. It is this, which can make
one lose ones peace of mind, as well as the strength of ones inner truth (and reliability).
The original ancient Chinese ideogram "yu" originally stands for "the sacrifice offered on the day after
the burial" (or funeral), but (consequently, and more precisely) indicates the preparations and
conditions attached to it. That is why (here) it is used and (generally) translated as meaning
"prepared" (ready), or "in repose".
The original ancient Chinese ideogram "yan" (or "yen") pictures a swallow (a bird) flying above "the
sacrificing" (or sacrifices), and therefore really means "the swallow" (or the bird), but from ancient
times on it has (also) been used in combinations in the sense of (the Chines word) "an", resulting in
the notion of "quiet" (or peace).
It therefore indicates about (and is pointing to) the condition of "the quiet", or peace (especially) after
the burial (funeral, i.e. bringing someone or something to a final destination, or that which is was,
might, or will be occurring).
It can (furthermore, also) mean that "even birds can (or may) see (or understand) what is (was, might,
or will be) happening", "bring distress" (disquiet, or unpeacefulness), "show something about this" (or
about what is occurring), or be associated to this; Or that "when not reposing in oneself", (after, or
while preparing the burial, funeral, or other) one (or things) can be as restless as "a bird flying in the
sky".
This line (and what it represents) is strong and reliable, inwardly serene and prepared. The will is
(was, might, or will) not (be) influenced from the exterior. The secret (hidden, or special) relationship,
or motive (intention, plan, or agenda) is suggested by the lines harmonious relationship with the weak
(yin, receptive, small, open, unclear, or dark) line in the 4th position. But in the context of this
hexagram, the Inner Sincerity (the Inner Truth, Inner Reliability), no exclusive secret (hidden, or
special) relationships (motives, or intentions) should occur.
General comment
This line is very difficult to translate precisely, but the meaning is clear, namely, that following a path
of moderation, developing oneself constantly and maintaining sincerity, is bound to bring good
fortune.
~ Profile
Those who have the persistence and tenacity to carry out such a course will have highly favorable
lives. Inner strength and sincerity are always keys to success in life. This is especially true for those
who try to develop these qualities deliberately.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a noble person, gentle and obedient, who follows the
golden mean. He will be a clever and intelligent individual, constantly striving to improve himself and
those with whom he comes into contact. He will help his leader establish merit, and will be duly
recompensed. He will have a good family life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will vacillate in his aims and intentions, and hence will be
generally unstable. He will frequently consider with others for supremacy. He will have disputes, and
will probably lose money.

Deep sincerity is bound to bring good fortune.
You have now learned which is the right direction, and are beginning to follow it. Be as self reliant as
possible.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) inner sincerity (inner truth, reliability, the
essential) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or
regional).
Inner sincerity (inner truth, reliability, the essential) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or
will be advantage.
A cup of good spirits, to share.

Those who receive answer it: this is the affection of the inmost heart.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) like a crane crying out (in, or from her
hidden retirement), and her young ones responding to her;
As if the crane were saying: - "I have a cup of good spirits" (a goblet), and the response were:
- "I (we) will have, and share (partake) of it with you".
This means that others are sharing our desires and wishes (and/or agree).
JLK: The superior one (the chief, and/or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be)
offering what is like a goblet of good wine, and/or is being offered such a goblet.
He is (was, might, will, or should be) making sure to share and/or receive its blessings.
The inferior one, on the other hand, can not attain this, and will miss a good opportunity."
JLK: This line shows what is like a call, (of one who is) offering to share what is like a cup of good
spirits. Share! All is coming towards one, while here this should be paired (or already occurs paired)
with sharing.
Alternatively, this line may indicate that one has had too much of "the cup of good spirits", as could be
the case for when having consumed too much alcohol, and/or when some form of saturation
(overload) occurs, which may have to be further determined. In that case, it may be that one (or the
other) is (was, might, or will be) refusing the cup being offered for sharing (due to the saturation,
and/or overload).
In some cases, both can be occurring at the same time, in several directions and/or on several layers.
Gathered sources: The "cup of good spirits", may indicate what is like alcohol, but also what is like

"nourishment", of the "stimulating" and "celebrating" kind, which is (or may be) able to allow oneself
getting in touch with what lies "beyond normal reality", or also: "good intentions".
A crane's young can hear and recognize their mother's call at a great distance, even when she is
hidden. This indicates two things, namely, that ones heartfelt desires will meet with a response from
those of like mind, and that one's thoughts are able to transcend the limitations of space.
The master said: "The Great man occupies his residence and sends forth his words. If they be good,
they will be responded to at a distance of more than a thousand miles. How much more so in the
nearer circle! He occupies his apartment (residence) and sends forth his words. If they be evil, they
will awaken opposition at a distance of more than a thousand miles; How much more so in the nearer
circle!
Words issue from one's person and proceed to affect people. Actions proceed from what is near and
their effects are seen at a distance. Words and actions are the hinges and springs of the superior
one. The movements of these hinges and springs determine glory or disgrace. The Great man's (or
superior ones) words and actions move Heaven and earth. May he be careless in regard to them?"
Sharing a goblet of wine symbolizes a willingness to respond to persons of a kindred nature to

oneself, especially those of corresponding virtue.
The act of sharing (of the spirits, juices, or words) is (was, might, should, or will be) in keeping (close)
with "inner truth", and with the Yi Jing.
It may (also) mean that one has enjoyed blessings, and that if one will share of it, they will be even
better enjoyed.
~ Profile
Events will come to pass as an echo of that which is within, and as the effects of concentrated
thought. This man's thoughts will travel to all parts of the world. Hence, he must be very careful about
the attitudes he holds, and his desires.
He will be knowledgeable in the uses and powers of the mind, and will employ what he knows,
according to his ability.
His thoughts, in general, will serve mankind well.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a contemplative and learned person, with excellent
powers of communication. He will follow the golden mean, in thought, word and deed, to the best of
his ability. His influence will be natural and of great magnitude, and he will accomplish many
worthwhile projects. He will have a highly satisfactory life in all respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a man of virtue and excellent behavior He will be
highly respected and well loved. He will be versed in literature, and professionally capable. He will be
aided through wealth, or by superior persons, and will have a son who one day will be outstanding.
His life will be moderately good in all respects, with no major troubles.
Inner strength is echoed externally.

Your heartfelt desires will find a response in those attuned to you. Remember that it is divine will that
one should render service to others. Do so.
essential) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-bone, the power of movement), ones virtues
Ones inner truth (sincerity) is unstable.

What occurs is (was, might, or will be) instability within (inside).
Now one weeps, and now one sings; Now one cries, and now one laughs.
The place is not appropriate (for that).
One may need to have a little more courage and/or persistence.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) having met with ones mate (ones
match, ones correlate in the sixth place).
One is (was, might, or will be) making an enemy;
One is (was, might, will, or should be) finding a friend.
The Dao De Jing: A man with outward courage dares to die;

A man with inner courage dares to live."
JLK: There's instability "inside".
One might appropriately be addressed by the following advice: Be who you are according to your
truth deep inside, and in accordance with what is right. This is where a wealth of genuine (essential)
courage and strength is (was, might, will, or should be) found. Then don't worry about who or what is
your friend, and who or what isn't. The right people (beings) and the right things will associate
naturally. Dare to live. Dare to let live. This may be advice for oneself, or for the one (those) who is
(are) at the center of the matter at hand.
Gathered sources: Here the source of a man's strength lies not in himself but in his relation to other
people. No matter how close to them he may be, if his center of gravity depends on them, he is
inevitably tossed to and fro between joy and sorrow. Rejoicing to high Heaven, then sad unto death -
this is the fate of those who depend upon an inner accord with other persons whom they love or
depend on. Here we have only the statement of the law that this is so.
Whether this condition is felt to be an affliction or the supreme happiness of love, is left to the
subjective verdict of the person concerned.
This line may indicate that the one at the center of ones inquiry may need to have a little more
courage and/or persistence.
JLK: The nature of the problem and how to deal with it are described in the 3rd line of hex. 58, the
Ocean (the Exchange, the Joy and Sadness), and have to do with the necessity to find inner joy and

peace, instead of wanting to find these through others, and/or at the exterior.
Gathered sources: The nature of the problems and how to deal with it are described in the 1st line of
hex. 57, the Wood (the Wind, the Softly Penetrating and Organizing), and have to do with being
appropriately prepared, and having to be (incrementally) persistent and resolute.
~ Profile
Line 6 is the proper correlate of line 3, and, being a Yang line, is stronger than the Yin of line 3.
Regrettably, both are incorrect for their positions, so the influence of line 6 will not be consistent not
always correct. This signifies that these are persons who will find their source of strength in others.
Unfortunately, others are not always around to help, guide or direct them, so they will frequently
vacillate. Some solo efforts will be made, but many of these will result in mistakes. Their situation will
alternate rapidly between good and bad.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have no wise or clever father or brother to help rear and
guide him. Furthermore, he will fail to find the right teachers and friends to support him. His goals will
not be firm and he will frequently waver. He will work hard, and may gain considerable wealth, but he
will have difficulty keeping it. His irresolution will be reflected in his personal life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be a weak person, possessing little sincerity, who will
frequently be deceitful, and will often pose as something other than what he is. He will also vacillate
repeatedly. Eventually he will be reduced to a solitary existence.
Avoid being dependent on others.
You are finding that some of the lessons you have to learn are tough. Do not make the same
mistakes twice.

4
essential) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax, ones body, ones kingdom, ones household,
ones emotions).
Inner sincerity (inner truth, reliability, the essential) is (was, might, will, or should be)
One of a pair (of horses) is (was, might, will, or should be) disappearing (separating).
Disappearing, separating from ones (its) kind, and turning upward (toward what is high, Great
strong, light).
Then there will be no mistake; No error.
On the other hand, it may be that when the moon is nearly full, (one of) the horse(s) panics
and disappear(s); In that case this indicates a mistake (an error)."
Gathered sources: "A horse, the fellow (horse) of which disappears": One (what occurs) is (was,
might, will, or should be) (as) breaking from ones former (and/or usual) companions (ones correlate in
the bottom place) and moving upwards. Then, the disappearing of one of a pair of horses show no
inauspicious omens (signs).
The break-up of a team at a time of change (when the moon is almost full), in this case, allows for
different options and increased freedom.
But, "when the moon is nearly full, the horse panics and disappears": then the panicking of the
horse(s) means we – or the one at the center of the inquiry - (may) lose contact with "those who are
like oneself" ("the others").
Here, change happens, including loss. It is part of life. It is (was, might, or will be) how things will
happen that will matter.
JLK: This line describes a separation of what is as a team of horses. In one case this is good, in the
other this is unfavorable. It may indicate how one (or the other) follows an independent divergent
course. This can be good, or bad. If the way of the horse that gets separated or that separates itself
goes upward, then this is good.
Here, the independent divergent course occurs (and/or is felt) in the hearth (the thorax, ones body,
General comment
In the ancient days, chariots were drawn by four horses. In a hexagram these are represented by
lines 1 and 4, and 2 and 5. Here, line 1 is not the proper correlate of line 4 and goes astray. Line 4
then seeks support from line 5. As both lines 4 and 5 are deepened through the guidance and
leadership of superior persons, or by their words, similarly the moon receives its light from the sun.
~ Profile
To receive additional enlightenment from a superior person requires, first, a strong desire, second, a
proper attitude, and third, the establishment of a true rapport. Few there are who can achieve this

with the necessary humility and wisdom to be able to learn from a true sage. Great selflessness and
dedication are demanded.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will work for the good of his country, for its leader and for the
people. He will dissolve cliques and factions that try to tear down and replace existing controls. He
will have an influential position and will be respected by the various leaders of the nation. He will have
a richly endowed mind, and his entire family will repose trust in him.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be quickwitted and clever, but lacking in fundamental
wisdom. He will have difficulty achieving long term gains and benefits. He may have financial, marital
or parental difficulties.
Never cease deepening your sincerity.
You are now well ahead, and still advancing. Follow your course without deviating.
essential) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat), through (in, with) ones words (expressions,

advantage.
Possessing truth which links together.

The place is correct and appropriate.
One (or what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) seeming to be driven forward thanks to
ones (self-) confidence.
There will be no mistake, and no blame; No error!"
JLK: The one at the center of the matter at hand is (was, might, will, or should be) showing (self-)
confidence, which is a precondition for attaining success. It might also point to how it is a requirement
that there be a (correct, right) "flow" in ones actions and/or things, so that the results are correct,
appropriate, and ultimately, right (good).
Conversely, this line may point to how such self-confidence and/or "flow" is lacking. In that case, there
is a mistake, and there can be no success. To find confidence one should look for support from what
one can trust. Here, it should occur in the form of (what is like) wood and/or wind (the softly
penetrating and organizing, the organism, organization, the word, the legal system), at a high, ruling
place, as symbolized by the fact that this is the 5th line, in the middle of the upper trigram the
wood/the wind.

The fact that that what occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) "possessing truth which links
together" points to how one thing is (was, might, or will be) linking together with another. From this
one learns about what is truthful, and/or the truth (essential) in (or about) things (and or beings).
Gathered sources: This describes the ruler who holds all elements together by the power of his
personality. Only when the strength of his character is so ample that he can influence all who are
subject to him, is he as he needs to be.
The power of suggestion must emanate from the ruler. It will firmly knit together and unite all his
adherents. Without this central force, all external unity is only deception and breaks down at the
decisive moment.
The "linking together" mentioned in the commentary may also point to a situation where opponents
are "caught and bound", thanks to the manifested truth and correctness (and appropriateness). This
means that what is (was, might, or will be) occurring leads to opposition being restrained.
It can also indicate that here, one thing is linked to the other, and one thing leads to another, and that
this is (was, might, or will be) an essential aspect of what occurs.
One should do what is right. One who has the sincerity that this line indicates will be successful in
whatever is undertaken.
This line occurs in a favorable position.
~ Profile
This line is the portions of the leader, and in this case he will be a sage, whose deep sincerity will go
forth and bind all together.
These persons will be truth-loving, just, honorable and ingenuous. They will possess great
knowledge, practicality and a deep love of people. They will also be able communicators.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will possess sincerity in the highest degree, together with
nobleness and virtue. He will know how to govern the country and his own enterprises. His leadership
will automatically unite the people, who will follow him with devotion. He will accomplish much of
lasting benefit, and will have a favorable life in all respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a knowledgeable and practical man of virtue,
leading others capably. He will be respected by his juniors and his seniors alike. He will have an
abundance of enjoyments, and a long and satisfying life.
Leaders must be sincere and ingenuous.
Remember that the power of inner truth binds all together, and results in good.

6
essential) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the ruling principle, wisdom, Heaven's law).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) as a cock's crowing (or the chanticleer) trying to
mount to Heaven.
How could one continue for a long time like this?
Even with firm correctness there will be misfortune which will result in evil.
Thus, to go on in the way that is presently occurring would be a mistake (an error) and will
bring misfortune, which might result in evil."
JLK: One is (was, might, or will be) behaving like a "high-flyer" (or "high-roller"), but without actually
flying (or rolling) high. One (what occurs) is pretentious and/or trying to impress like a cock that's
crowing to Heaven, but without actually rising (increasing, flying, moving) oneself (others, and/or
things).
Put simply, this line may point out that one is trying to impress others (like a cock crowing to other
cocks, and/or to "Heaven") without actually doing anything substantial. This can also be the case
towards oneself, i.e. because one is trying to overshout ones inner voice and/or sincerity.
In a general way, this line may indicate that ones expectations are too high, either in ones own
abilities and capabilities, and/or in what is at the center of the matter at hand.
Going on in such a way brings misfortune. But if one adapts in time (if still possible) to what the
situation requires, it need not be fatal.
Gathered sources: This indicates that one is (was, might, or will be) behaving in a way that is too self
confident, or arrogant, and that one is (was, might, or will be) enjoying and celebrating ones
achievements too soon (or too much). Such a way of behaving can not be continued and sustained
for a long time.
One needs to reconsider and reevaluate ones aim(s), and how to accomplish things. One should not
dash ahead!
In certain cases this line may hold the admonition that achievement requires effort and sacrifice.
Words and ideas alone can be inspiring, but if they are in excess, left without substantial action to
manifest and/or support them, they are not fulfilling, and will only be in vain.
Since this is the top line of the hexagram indicating a situation of excess, here, one is (was, might, or
will be) (as) rising too high too fast, or wishing to do this. Therefore, the advice to be taken from this
line is to limit ones drive upwards (it be related to ones words or ones actions), and to return to
basics, concentrating on substance instead of dashing ahead and/or showing off (like a cock
crowing).
General comment
Line 6 is strong, and ought to be weak. After the great strength and auspiciousness of line 5, here
there is a natural decline. Admittedly, the cock is dependable in its crowing, but by attempting to reach
Heaven it is trying to do the impossible, and persistence in such efforts will lead to misfortune.

~ Profile
Many of these persons will strive to be thorough, with confidence and sincerity, and will be modestly
successful. Others will be impractical or deceptive and will try to perform tasks beyond their abilities,
with unfortunate results.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will achieve fame in his youth, and will rise to a high position.
He will retire from public life in his senior years, as a result of not being able to adapt and keep up to
date.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will rise to a moderately high position early in life. He will be
stubborn, headstrong and intractable, and will not be able to maintain his position or status. By living
in seclusion he will be able to have a favorable existence.
Sincerity must be combined with adaptability.
Being over-confident, and bragging about your capabilities and good fortune is selfish, and destroys
the power of inner truth. Check yourself.

Hexagram 62, the Exceeding Smallness (the Small Excess, Outer Preponderance)
- Xiao Guo (Hsiao Kuo)
The theme of this hexagram is the smallness exceeding, or the excess in small things or behavior.
The Image says:
"the exceeding smallness; the excess of what is small; the small excess;
the small excessively breaking (through);
the restraining and obstructive power of what is small;
the preponderance of what is small and beyond the ordinary; outer preponderance;
implicit subordination:
The mountain releases the thunder.

The thunder above the mountain; The thunder on the mountain.
This is the image of the smallness exceeding, the breakthrough and the preponderance of
what is (the) small and (the) beyond the ordinary.
JLK: What is excessively small (weak, inferior, bad) can not be Great (strong, superior, good)
at the same time, for the same thing(s).
The superior one in conducting his affairs, prefers, and gives preponderance to reverence,
while exceeding in humility, and in bereavement and mourning, he gives preponderance to
grief, while exceeding in sorrow.
In expenditures, the superior one gives preponderance to thrift, while spending the minimum.
JLK: The Great Man will not invest (spend) his strength in (on) what is excessively small,
and/or in (on) what would attract robbers (thievery, being abused).
He will leave what is small to its own devices (at the time of its choice, without being forced).
He knows one can not be Great and excessively small at once;

He knows that what is Great can not be excessively small at the same time, for the same
thing(s), nor vice versa; Nor should it attract robbers (thievery, being abused)."
JLK: Hex. 62, the Exceeding Smallness (the Small Excess, Outer Preponderance), shows thunder
(arousal, shock, movement, consequences) high above a mountain (the immobile, what is rested,
what is stacked up and grown tough, information). The thunder is inadequate (too weak) to rule
(dominate, or control) the mountain, but it imposes itself through its flashiness (impact, shock,
movement) on all that it has an impact on. This gives the idea of what is small being in excess.
The time, circumstances and conditions of exceeding smallness (small excess, outer preponderance)
is one of a measure of forces, as described by inner hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great
Excess, Inner Preponderance).
This hexagram and what it denotes, is associated with the practice of baking foods and/or the
providing (growing, hunting and/or preparing) of food (nourishment, and/or resources) with technical
(and/or "contrived") aids, such as by using a mill to crush grains for making bread (that will be baked),

or by using mortar and pestle to build the mill. The result can be good or bad, depending on the
context and appropriateness of such practices. There can be a time and set of circumstances when
it's right to bake foods and/or use technical ("contrived") means to provide for (guarantee, or guard)
nourishment (and/or resources), and another time when it's not right, and/or not done the right way.
Gathered sources: While in hex. 28, Exceeding Greatness (the Great Excess, Inner Preponderance),
the strong (yang) lines preponderate (are in excess) within, enclosed between weak lines at the top
and bottom, the present hexagram has weak lines preponderating (in excess), though here again
they are on the outside, the strong lines being within. This indeed is the exceptional situation
indicated by the hexagram.
When strong lines are outside, we have hex. 27, the Way of Nourishing (the Nourishment, the Jaws),
or hex. 61, the Inner Sincerity (the Inner Truth, Inner Reliability). Neither represents an exceptional
state.
When strong elements within are in excess, they necessarily enforce their will. This creates struggle
and exceptional conditions in general. But in the present hexagram it is the weak element that
necessarily deals with the outside world.
Similarly, if a man occupies a position of authority for which he is by nature really inadequate,
extraordinary prudence is necessary. [JLK: Likewise, one who doesn't rule over oneself in adequate
ways sooner or later will not be able to avoid difficulties, as vast as an ocean, and as tough as a
mountain, symbolized by the upper inner trigram, and the lower inner trigram.]
In the present situation, small things, or small actions having been piled up, formed, and grown tough,
just as a mountain which is formed through the course of time, and shaped by erosion, can break
things apart just as with an explosion (like an ax upon impact).
This can work out in a fortunate or an unfortunate way.
The superior one is (was, will, or should be) reverent when doing business, grieving when mourning,
and economic in his expenditures.
The superior one is (was, might, or will be) acting with (too) much reverence, and is (was, might, or
will be) grieving (too much) about a loss, and overactive in satisfying his needs: this is practically the
only time that one may find a note of criticism on the superior one, by the Yi Jing. It may indicate that
even the "superior one" may be as "human" (i.e. "small", or "weak") as to be overdoing things
(pushing things too far).
There is (was, might, or will be) excess in/of what is (or may be considered) small (weak, dark,
unclear, receptive, or female). It is to be decided what of it may be wrong (undesirable), and what of it
may be right (correct).
JLK: One has to determine for the matter at hand what is small and breaking through. If (what is like)
the thunder above the mountain is moderately arousing (moving things, awakening) then the
breakthrough is in good measure and avoids that things will stagnate and/or deteriorate (any further).
If (what is like) the thunder above the mountain is excessively arousing (moving things, awakening),
then the breakthrough is not in good measure. Then things will break down, and there will be
difficulties (danger) and conflict.
The traditional image associated with this hexagram is that of a bird whistling (see the Judgment). To
understand the forces at work here, another good analogy is that of a piccolo (small flute). In an
orchestra, the sound of a piccolo (or for example a triangle, another small instrument) jumps out of
(i.e. breaks through) the "mountain" (the body) of sound of the rest of the orchestra, even if it's
generally the smallest instrument used. Its sound "brightens" up the music and stimulates movement
and arousal. Used in this way, the breakthrough of what is small is harmonious, and avoids stagnation
and/or things getting boring.

On the other hand, if a single person would be surrounded by 20 (or more) piccolo players (or triangle
players), all blowing (or striking) their instrument as loud and as screechy as possible (like a
massively loud, high pitched burglar alarm), the resulting sound is shattering ones peace and will be
disharmonious. If persisting, it can but lead to difficulties and conflict.
The traditional image of this hexagram focuses on excess (breaking through) by the thunder, but
excess can also occur for the mountain. To stick to the musical example: a good analogy for the
mountain would be the basses (the "body") of an orchestra. If these provide a steady, solid foundation
and support for the music being played, while moderately stimulating and moving "downwards", then
all is in good measure. On the other hand, if they become too overbearing, like the bass of an
electronic "Techno" track that is excessively loud (unbalanced), then they will drown out all the other
instruments, and this is leading to difficulties and conflict at some point.
The Judgment says:
"Exceeding smallness, excess of what is small, the small excessively breaking through, the
restraining and obstructive power of what is small, preponderance of what is small and
beyond the ordinary, outer preponderance, implicit subordination:
Under these circumstances there will be progress, and attainment, or on the contrary
stagnation and failure, due to their nature.
JLK: Goodbye to proceeding swiftly, (when) offering a sacrifice, or at an occurring occasion.
Because of the lack of adequate and willing helpers, the prince (the King's son, or the receiver
of the ruling consensus) is (was, might, or will be) unsuccessful at his task to set the world in
good order.
But, there is (was, might, or will be) profit in firmness, perseverance, anticipation, and doing
the divination.
Action may be undertaken in small affairs (receptive, open, unclear, weak, dark, or female), but
not in Great affairs (creative, filling, light, strong, or male).
One is (was, might, or will be) able to do small things, but not able to do Great things.
It is (was, might, or will be) better to remain low than to strive too high.
A (small) flying bird transmits its (small, excessive amounts of) notes: it is (was, might, or will
be) good to listen (to what is said, or "observed", to pay attention to the small things that may
be occurring).
It is not good to fly high and/or whistle like a bird, unless one is (was, might, or will be) (like, or
in the position of) a bird (and adequately strong).
It is (was, might, or will) not (be) good to do something that may be inappropriate to ones
nature, character, or position.
Thus, it is (was, might, or will be) not proper to ascend; It is (was, might, or will be) proper to
descend (as while listening, considering, observing, or contemplating).
In this way, there will be Great profit (Great good fortune, or Great advantage)."
Gathered sources: Exceptional modesty and conscientiousness are sure to be rewarded with
success. However, if a man is not to throw himself away, it is important that they should not become
empty form and subservience but be combined always with a correct dignity in personal behavior. We
must understand the demands of the time in order to find the necessary offset for its deficiencies and
damages. In any event we must not count on great success, since the requisite strength is lacking.
It’s in this that lies the importance of the warning that it is (was, might, or will be) better to remain low
than to strive too high.

In this hexagram, Xiao Guo, we see the small lines exceeding the others, and giving the intimation of
progress and attainment (fulfillment of an endeavor). Such exceeding (or excess), in order to be
advantageous, must be associated with firmness, and correctness: that is, it must take place
according with the circumstances, and requirements of the time.
The weak (yin) lines are in the central (appropriate) places, and therefore it is said that "action may be
undertaken in small affairs", and that then "there will be Great profit (Great good fortune, or Great
advantage)".
Of the strong (yang) lines, one (the 3rd line) is not in its correct place, and neither is it central,
therefore it is said that "action may be undertaken, but not in Great affairs".
Thus, it is profitable to be firm, persevering, anticipating, and to look ahead by all means, like by the
divination.
It is (was, might, or will be) not the moment to try to do big things, to elevate a situation, to ascend. It
is (was, might, or will be) better to keep a low profile, or to concentrate on a secondary activity.
Big things will occur thanks to stacking things up. What is (was, might, or will be) stacked up, rested,
pushed around, and immobilized, is (was, might, or will be) causing the release of the thunder (the
arousing, the shock) at a higher location.
A "flying bird" is considered to be an omen (or to be carrying indications about what is (was, might, or
will be) happening, or/while symbolizing it). The sounds (notes, words, actions, or movements) that
are transmitted by the flying bird appear like the little details one should notice, in order to recognize
the beginning of upcoming calamities, and events.
Thus, one listens carefully to the little sounds, making sure that one will be hearing (correctly).
It is (was, might, or will be) not good to listen to ones own, and/or to hold ones own too high. It is
(was, might, or will be) better to listen to others, and/or to be receptive and/or to gather strength.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (quietly and patiently) listening to what is righteously said and
communicated from a high(er) location (like by a bird, or a higher truth).
Here, flying "high" (with strength) also means it is hard for one to see and hear; It is inappropriate.
Flying "low" (not with strength) means it is easy for one to see and hear; It is appropriate.
Commentary
External extravagances and excessive display of emotion should not be indulged in. There will be
success in small matters, but not in big ones. The humble will be favored. The mighty should bide
their time. These statements have their basis in the visual appearance of the hexagram, with the
preponderance of weak (yin) lines and the two strong (yang) lines in the center. Its shape also
suggests a soaring bird (also see hex. 28).
~ Profile
These persons will have a tendency to do everything to excess, e.g. being miserly instead of thrifty,
imposing on others when helping them instead of merely providing support and doing good, and
making a display of sorrow in bereavement instead of keeping ones grief within the bounds of good
manners.
Birds that fly too high get into difficulties. A man who strives too high for his abilities will likewise
experience troubles. Great good fortune will come from remaining where one ought to be, and from
doing whatever is expected of one in ones position. Naturally, it is right to strive upward, but the goal
should be reasonably attainable.

Some of these persons will learn from bitter experience the value of modesty, humility, and
proceeding one step at a time. Regrettably, others will never learn.
Lines
"JLK: Exceeding smallness (excess of what is small, outer preponderance, implicit

subordination) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for,
advantage.
misfortune.
Trying to fly (high) like a bird would do, without the required strength (or other necessary
qualities) brings misfortune.
If one (what occurs) is (was, might, would, or will be) ascending and descending, flying and/or
whistling like a bird, without the required strength (or other necessary qualities), and/or before
having recuperated (rested, and/or reorganized) adequately, this will bring misfortune.
This means that if one refrains from flying (high) and/or whistling (singing, talking, expressing
oneself) like a bird would do, instead gathering (building up, or using) strength (power, and/or
wealth) (as) at the beginning (early, and/or at the basis of things), then this is (was, might,
would, or will be) appropriate, and will bring good fortune.
If, on the other hand, one is in the process of gathering (building up, or using) strength
(power, and/or wealth), if one is recuperating (resting, and/or reorganizing) but (as) at the end
(late, and/or not at the basis) (of things), then this is (was, might, would, or will be)
inappropriate, and brings misfortune."
Gathered sources: By some sources it is claimed that the original image for this line showed a flying
bird pierced by an arrow, but the arrow was lost from the pictograms during transcriptions. This image
clearly contains the warning that when wounded and/or when not being at full strength, it's not
appropriate to fly "high".
A bird (that is shot or wounded) "ascending and descending, flying and whistling (singing, talking,
expressing oneself)" until the result is full of misfortune, which might result in evil: nothing can be
done to avoid this (issue).
If on the other hand one (what occurs) is in a position of gathering strength, and/or at the beginning of
things (flying "low", and not "high"), then this is appropriate, and there will be good fortune.
A bird ought to remain in the nest until it is fledged. If it tries to fly before this (when being too weak), it
invites misfortune.
Similarly, extraordinary measures should be resorted to only when all else fails. At first we ought to
put up with traditional ways as long as possible, otherwise we exhaust ourselves and our energy and
still achieve nothing.
This line is in the lowest place in the trigram Gen, the mountain (the immobilized, the rest, what is

stacked up). The person or other occurrence represented by it ought to keep still, but since according
to the meaning of the hexagram the weak preponderates, and since there is a secret relationship
between this line and the nine in the fourth place, one will not suffer (be forced to) restraint, but seeks
to soar like a flying bird. But in doing so one willfully endangers oneself. For if a bird flies up when it’s
time for it to keep still, it is sure to fall into the hands of the hunter...
On the other hand, this line may hold the advice to gather strength (power, and/or wealth). But in that
case the strength (power, and/or wealth) is (was, might, would, will be or should be) gathered "at the
beginning" (early, at the feet, or at the basis) of what is occurring. Doing this will be appropriate, and
will bring fortune.
If on the contrary such occurs at the end (late, and/or not at the basis), then this is (was, might,
would, or will be) inappropriate, and brings misfortune.
General comment
When anyone tries to act in a manner for which he is not duly prepared or qualified, misfortune is
bound to be the result.
~ Profile
Those who are born under this line will have a propensity to step forward without looking, to act with
but little understanding and to talk when they should be listening. They should remember that in the
hands of the Creator no material is useless, and that they too serve a purpose, even though it will not
seem as important as that of many others.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will receive a good education, and will establish himself in
early life. He will rise to a high position, in his prime. He will then be favored by the leader and much
sought-after by the people which will make him arrogant, proud and vain, resulting in his downfall. His
home life will be affected likewise.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will constantly make efforts to rise, relying mainly on his own
strength. Through making some good gains early on, he too will be arrogant and vain, resulting in
many troubles and a disruption of his household and family life.
Make sure that you are prepared and qualified before acting.
A bird should not try to fly until fully fledged. If you take action now you will probably encounter a
danger which can not be averted.

2
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) exceeding smallness (excess of what is
small, outer preponderance, implicit subordination) (as) in (for, at, with) the calves (ones
Exceeding smallness (excess of what is small, outer preponderance, implicit subordination) is

One is (was, might, or will be) (as) passing by ones ancestral father, and meeting with ones
ancestral mother;
One is (was, might, will, or should be) not reaching, or moving towards, nor attempting
anything against ones ruler (the one governing and/or in authority, the dominant consensus)
(and improper association), but instead, meeting him (it) as ones minister (help, counselor, or
assistant), and/or meeting his help (counselor, or assistant).
There will be no mistake; No error, and no blame."
Gathered sources: Under the occurring circumstances, one should not try to surpass (control through
force, or defy) superior forces or influences.
One "does not attempt to reach (not moving towards) ones ruler (the one governing and/or in
authority, the dominant consensus) (who, under the occurring circumstances is an improper
associate)": a minister (help, counselor, advisor, or assistant) should not overpass the distance
between himself, and his ruler (that which is ruling, and/or the dominant consensus).
Thus, likewise one who is (meant to be in the position of) helping, counseling, administering or
advising, should not surpass his duty, or position (and status), and not overpass, or trespass (on) the
distance between oneself, and ones ruler (King, government, and/or that which may be "ruling" the
situation, the dominant consensus). One should not attempt to move towards, surpass, or "rule"
(over) those who are, or that which is ruling. One should not take as an associate to the fulfillment of
ones task(s), or duties at hand, those who are (or that which is) ruling (or governing) the situation (or
what is at the center of ones inquiry), but instead do things (or offer help) (by) oneself.
JLK: Alternatively, the image of this line may show how one is unable to reach and/or influence those
in power (the "prince", the ruler, the authorities), but only able to reach (influence) their minister (help,
counselor, or assistant).
In short, this line may hold the advice that one should not try to surpass superior forces and/or
influences, and/or conversely that under the occurring circumstances one is not (yet) able to reach
(all of) ones objectives (unless applying excessive force or measures) - but it must be understood that
this is right under the occurring circumstances.
The fact that one is (was, might, or will be) (as) "passing by ones ancestral father" while "meeting with
ones ancestral mother", may point to the fact that when dealing with the smallness occurring during
the time of this hexagram, one may benefit in some form from ancestral heritage or advantage if this
comes through the mother's (receptive) side. On the other hand, if this ancestral heritage or
advantage should be coming from the father's (creative) side, one may come to pass on them or
missing out (somehow missing the right connection or opportunity). As most occurrences have
heritage from both sides, the results may be a complicated mixture of both influences.

In a general way, this line may advice that one should give help, yet without trying to force things into
a certain direction.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be modest in his outward relations, serving his ruler and
leader well. He will be famous for his writings and philosophy. His principal desire will be to be useful
and serve his country and his fellow men well, which he will do to a high degree. In return he will be
helped and supported by others. His family life will be of substance, yet frugal.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be modest, and will possess singleness of purpose. His
friends and superiors will help him, and he will serve his community, his business and his family well.
Stick to what you are suited for.
Take one step at a time. Contact the right people, in the right order.

3
small, outer preponderance, implicit subordination) (as) in (at, for, with) the hips (the back-
bone, the power of movement), ones virtues (morals), ones ego, the design and/or application
of the laws to live by, and their influence on (their capacity to change, and/or transform) what
is (was, might, or will be) occurring.
It is (was, might, or will be) not good to go beyond (what is, was, might, or will be as) the walls
(enclosures, limits, or borders) in order to chase someone who is (was, might, or will be)
armed (or threatening), and/or to pursue (continue) in the way one is (was, might, or will be)
considering (under the circumstances), to defend against something that seems dangerous
(or threatening).
It is (was, might, or will be) not good to proceed (or pass by) through the defenses (or
protective measure(s)) that are in place (that one has taken, or that one is encountering).
If one is (was, might, or will) not (be) extremely careful, one may be attacked from the back
(the rear, below, or from an unsuspected angle).
One might (was, is, or will) be attacked by (who, or what is as) ones subordinate (someone
inferior to oneself, or in an inferior position) if one will not take appropriate measures.
One might risk not to be taking extraordinary, and adequate precautions, in, and through time,
against danger (liveliness, or incalculableness, peril, and difficulties); Thus, some (of it) in
consequence is (was, might, or will be) finding opportunity to be intruding (assailing, and/or
bringing injury).
There is (was, might, or will be) no profit (there might be misfortune, or no advantage), which
might result in evil."
JLK: In a general way this line points to the fact that one is (was, might, or will be) at risk of chasing
(pursuing) something (and/or someone) where no chasing (pursuing) is needed (required).
Here, under the occurring circumstances, one is (was, might, or will be) dealing with some type of
demonic (evil, bad) manifestation. As this type of entity operates in multiple dimensions and realities,
one would have to go beyond "the walls" (limits) of ones own world (dimension, material or spiritual
reality) to chase and/or chastise it.
There is a "tricky" side to demons: they tend to provoke one to get into fights (conflicts, disputes) that
are useless, or without any good cause or outcome. That's why one has to continuously reassess
things. This too, is a way to fight "demons".
Not only is there no use in pursuing "the chase" or "chastising" (of "demons") for the matter at hand -
since demons will be demons, whatever one attempts to do about it - here, there is a grave risk that
chasing or attempting to chastise could have negative consequences for oneself, as one could be
attacked from an angle that one can not anticipate, see, or cover.
If there is still time and opportunity, it will be better to desist from the chase (and/or chastising), and/or
respect (and stay within) the limitations one is facing when handling problems that may occur. One
should take extraordinary care to have ones defensive measures in good order. What occurs at the
center of the matter at hand might help to understand (learn) what is required for this.
Any effective defense will have to be built on a firm, healthy relationship with all-powerful God (that
which is Great and Ultimate). In a practical way, this means one must pursue the ways of love,

righteousness, natural health, and wholesomeness (and all that is associated with this).
Under the occurring circumstances, defense should not consist of an attack (chase, or chastising),
but rather about manipulating any evil manifestation into a harmless one, similar to the way of Aikido:
one should lead evil into the void, emptiness and/or "nothingness", while one should not be led,
tempted, or provoked by it, but stay in control of it in an ego-less way.
Since this is the 3rd line of this hexagram, one may have to address potential problems related to the
ego, a period of transition (change), and/or practical know-how.
Alternatively, the image of someone who is chasing demons "beyond the walls", may point to the fact
that one is actually (presently, under the occurring circumstances) incapable of (clearly) seeing
(and/or understanding) what the actual problem ("demon") is that one is (was, might, or will be)
facing. One should not attempt to do more than one has the strength and/or capability to do, staying
within known (understandable, reasonable) limits.
Thus, additionally, this line may indicate that one is dealing with deception of a "demonic" nature. As
long as one is not personally attacked or affected, it is better to leave demons to their own devices
and not be harmed by interacting with them.
Gathered sources: "Some (of the danger, and difficulties) in consequence is (was, might, or will be)
finding opportunity to assail and injure one." There is (was, might, or will be) no profit (there might be
misfortune, or no advantage), which might result in evil": how Great will it be!
Extraordinary caution is absolutely necessary. It is not the moment to be full of deluded self-
confidence, as there are dangers ahead for which one might not be prepared. One is (was, might, or
will be) like trapped or caught between an attacker and a defender; Something, or someone, might be
attacking or moving (as) from the back, the rear, or below (from an inferior, or subordinate position).
To be in such a situation, or circumstance, beholds danger (peril, and difficulties), and can bring
It is (was, might, or will be) not good to overstretch oneself or take on someone who is (was, might, or
will be) (frankly) better prepared (and/or disposed) than oneself, and/or to take on something that is
vastly larger than one may supect, and/or to do something that may have vastly larger consequences
than one can foresee under the occurring circumstances.
Yet the dangers are not unavoidable if one is willing to understand that the time and the
circumstances demand that one pay special attention to small and (seemingly) insignificant things
(which in spite of their smallness, or insignificance may yet still be decisive in the outcome of that
which occurs, or which is - was, might, or will be - at hand).
General comment
This image derives from the unprotected top of the mountain (the immobilizing, what is stacked up),
the lower trigram Gen, being subjected to thunder (the awakening, the shock, the movement), the
upper trigram Zhen, and the symbolism applied to human life.
~ Profile
Wise persons will heed the warning and will exercise prudence, whereas others will believe

themselves to be stronger than a mountain and will act in a disdainful manner.
Good judgment and common sense demand that appropriate precautions be taken in all
circumstances, not only for ones own sake, but also for the sake of those whom one is serving and
those who are dependent on one.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be born wise, and will know how to prepare in advance
against calamities, mental and physical. He will have a strong and noble character, and will be able to
subdue people when necessary. He will protect himself and his family well, and will have a good life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be disdainful of precautions, and will rely on his own
strength and ability. Since no man is an island, this will result in frequent troubles.
Observe appropriate caution always.
Remain humble, even when dealing with small matters, otherwise danger or harm may result.

4
small, outer preponderance, implicit subordination) (as) in (for, with) the heart (the thorax,
Exceeding smallness (excess of what is small, outer preponderance, implicit subordination) is

Meeting (some-) one, without passing by.

Meeting (seeing, or understanding things) is (was, might, or will be) no mistake, no error.
Instead of passing by (on someone, or on an occasion), one halts (one, or it), holding on (to
one, and/or to things);
To go (moving out, or outward) brings danger. Because the place (or situation) is (was, might,
or will) not (be) the appropriate one.
When advancing, there will be danger (peril, or difficulties), and one must be cautious (careful,
apprehensive, and vigilant), on guard:
There is (was, might, or will be) nothing to be gained in the long run by asking the oracle.
There is (was, might, or will be) no occasion to be persevering, using firmness, anticipating,
and doing the divination perpetually (endlessly).
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) without any mistake (falling into no error),
meeting the exigency of ones situation without exceeding the proper course (without
exceeding in ones natural way of doing things).
Thus, this is (was, might, or will be) not the right time to go (on), or to act (in the way or
direction at the center of the issue at hand), but it is (was, might, or will be) right to be holding
to ones purpose (or intentions)."
JLK: This line is in the 4th position, a strong yang line laying on the lower trigram, the mountain. An
image of one "flying" on the back of the bird, while located at the neck, still able to observe and
handle (steer) things.
One should allow for meeting the other(s), and not just walk by. One should try to listen to (and/or try
to understand) what others have to say, if it's appropriate, relevant, and pertinent to ones situation,
but also especially when it doesn't seem to be, one should give what is said thorough consideration.
Constantly looking for other (different) ways to do things will not be advantageous, especially if it
means not facing unwelcome (but necessary) criticism.
Conversely, this line may indicate that the one (and/or that which is) at the center of the matter at
hand is (was, might, or will be) not meeting (not considering, and/or not trying to understand) the
other, which is a mistake. In that case, little will be clarified.
This line is in the 4th position, which represents the heart. Thus, what is at stake for the matter at
hand concerns the heart, ones emotions. One must avoid falling into errors that could affect these.
Gathered sources: One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) "meeting the exigency of
ones situation without exceeding the proper course (without exceeding in ones natural way of doing

things)": one does so, the position (or situation) being inappropriate for a strong line.
To halt (stop) (some-) one (or something) instead of passing by (on the occasion), even while there is
no mistake (no error) in it, is not right under the occurring circumstances. The fact that this is (was,
might, or will) not (be) the right time "to go (on), or to act", and the fact that one should be cautious,
means that (some-) one should not be going on (acting, or behaving) in the presently occurring way
for much longer.
If one go forward (if there is, was, or will be action, or movement) there is (was, might, or will be)
"danger (peril, or difficulties), and one must be cautious (apprehensive, and vigilant)": the result being
that ones course would not be long pursued, or "short-lived"; As there is (was, might, or will) no
occasion to be (going on with) "persevering, using firmness (being firm), anticipating, and doing the
divination (such as the Yi Jing), for ever (perpetually, and endlessly)".
Here, therefore, there is (was, might, or will be) "nothing to be gained in the long run by asking the
oracle": one is (was, might, or will be) knowing what (some-) one is capable of, or what is the potential
of things. There is (was, might, or will be) no use to overdo things, nor to look for some excuse to do
so.
The strength of this strong (yang, creative, or light) line in the 4th place, is modified (tempered,
changed, influenced) by the weakness (softness) of the place. It is the place (position) of the minister
(assistant, or councilor). (Some-) one is (was, might, will or should) not (be) seeking to surpass ones
prince (the ruler, the one, or those governing), so that all is (was, might, or will be) well.
However, as the ruler of the upper trigram the thunder (the awakening, the arousing, the shock, the
frightening), the line (and who, or what it represents) is too readily (easily) inclined to be drawn into
excessive movement (or action), which would be dangerous. That is why there occurs the warning not
to act.
Only with Great reticence (by holding back) is (was, might, or will) one (be) able to approach what is
(was, might, or will be) at hand, and (maybe, even) reach ones goal. It is (was, might, or will) not (be)
good to take the initiative. One should not get angry, nor desperate, nor impatient, as this would not
get one anywhere useful.
This is (was, might, or will be) a period where there are (were, might, or will be) difficulties, although
they can (possibly) be of a temporary nature.
When "traveling" (journeying) through life, one may risk danger (difficulty, or misfortune) as (it would
occur) when traveling over land, over sea, or through the air. That is why the advice is to stay calm
and cautious, to think carefully, and not to mentally resist a situation, while not allowing one (-self) to
be drawn into something.
This line may (also) mean that problems must be met "head on", and solved before any other
movement is (was, might, or will be) possible. Constantly (going on with) searching for other ways is
(was, might, can, or will be) foolish.
General comment
This line symbolizes the exercise of moderation. One should never go to extremes, and at the same
time it is equally wrong to always remain absolutely central.
~ Profile
Here, a strong line is held in check by its weak position, so this man will tend to avoid extremes of
behavior. Hence, "no error".
However, if he tries to exceed his position, or do that for which he is not duly qualified, he will be
going to an extreme, and this will bring danger in its wake. He should also remember that no situation

is ever such that perpetual obduracy is the right course. One should be flexible, to the degree that the
situation demands.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will rise to a high position, yet will remain humble. He will have
due pride but will never be arrogant. He will show an interest in serving others, and will be careful to
maintain correctness, tempered by good judgment. He will establish sound rules and will be flexible in
their execution. He will have a highly favorable and beneficial life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a man of sincerity, with a love of people. He will
lead a well-planned, circumspect life, comfortably and quietly, seeking no great wealth or glory.
Be flexible, as necessary.
Do not force issues, even though you more than enough strength to win.
small, outer preponderance, implicit subordination) (as) in (for, with) the mouth (the throat),

will be advantage.
Like dense clouds, but no rain (falling down) coming from "the western borders".
Like the prince (the ruler, or the one governing) shooting his arrow, and hitting the bird in a
cave (his improper correlate)."
JLK: The presently occurring circumstances and conditions are not fertile and/or not bringing genuine
life generating and/or nourishing blessings. This is like when the sky is full of clouds, but not a drop of
rain will fall down to nourish the earth.
The energies of the thunder (the awakening, the arousal, the shock, the consequences), occurring in
the higher trigram position, and that of the mountain (the immobilizing, the stacking up, pushing
around and growing tough), occurring in the lower trigram position, are presently not well matched.
This is because the energies of the thunder presently require one to be defending against what are as
stingy insects (similarly to the situation of the 5th line of hex. 51, the Thunder), and the energies of the
mountain require one to reorganize, improve or control ones words and/or expression of ideas or
feelings (as described in the 5th line of hex. 52, the Mountain). The conditions are not right for
attaining new goals, or for any action that should be truly pertinent and/or constructive.
Under such circumstances, any exploit will (at best) be comparable to that of the prince hitting (as if
blindly) a bird in a cave (like someone who is "shooting ducks in a barrel"): it's not due to any

personal merit and nothing to be particularly proud of, being merely a chance (random) outcome, and
not brought about by any form of substantial competence, effort, or due diligence.
The image of an arrow being shot into a cave blindly, may furthermore, or alternatively, refer to the
fact that one is (was, might, or will be) without a real purpose and/or target, that one has lost ones
way, and/or is drifting aimlessly (i.e. without following a specific fertile direction).
A yin line in a yang place, as is the case here, may cause (or be associated with) regrets, if one is not
anticipating things adequately and in time. This is because what is yin, due to its position of strength
(i.e. the 5th line, the position of the ruler), threatens to deviate what is yang from its right and just
course.
Put in other words: under the presently occurring circumstances, what is small (evil, weak, dark,
receptive, female), due to it being in a position that is too (inappropriately) powerful, threatens to
deviate what is yang (good, strong, right, light, creative, active, male) from following its own right and
just (yang) course. Do not give in to evil and/or inferior (evil) ways! If this line refers to some (minor)
achievement, one should not give in to vanity, arrogance, or other inferior ways related to what is at
the center of ones inquiry.
One the other hand, if the matter at hand is not about generating and/or nourishing (new) life (as rain
would do for nature), if one experiences conditions where these are not urgently needed, and if the
fact that no rain is falling might be useful to attain a certain task (such as to finish a construction or
other work outside in the open-air), then doing this with the ease of someone shooting "ducks in a
barrel" might bring advantage, as long as it it is done during times where there is no particularly
obstructive crisis.
Gathered sources: There are "dense clouds, but no rain": the line (that which occurs) is (was, might,
or will be) in "too high" a place.
One may be (or may have been) achieving something, but it is (was, might, or will be) not of Great
importance, or significant.
In other cases the fact that "there are dense clouds from the western borders", but there is (was,
might, or will be) "no rain falling down", means that there are (were, might, or will be) no (Great)
blessings (being bestowed). Alternatively, it can also mean that the difficulties (the perils or dangers
that were to be expected, such as when having to endure a rainshower at an inopportune moment)
will (did, do, or might) not occur (or fall down).
As a high place is pictured here, the image of a flying bird has become that of ‘flying’ clouds. But
dense as the clouds are, they race across the sky and give no rain.
Similarly, in exceptional times, there may be a born ruler who is qualified to set the world in order, but
who cannot achieve anything or confer helpers. In such times a man must seek out helpers with
whose aid he can carry out the task. But these helpers must be modestly sought out in the retirement
to which they have withdrawn. It is not their fame nor their great names but their genuine
achievements that are important. Through such modesty the right man is found, and the exceptional
task is carried out in spite of all difficulties.
General comment
For the most part, in China, rain comes from the east, the direction from of the ocean. Clouds from
the west are without sufficient moisture to produce rain. This (also see hex. 9) signifies a time of
preparations. The line is weak, so a prince is depicted here, rather than a king as is normal in this
position. His ability is not too great, since he shoots a bird in a cave rather than one on the wing.

~ Profile
These persons will be leaders of small enterprises, given to much planning and preparing rather then
executing or supervising. They will be competitive and aspiring.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be quite talented and very ambitious, but circumstances
will not favor him and he will be limited to modest achievements. He will be restless and forceful,
wasting much of his energy. This will be reflected in his home life as well.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will imagine that he is cleverer than he actually is, and will be
vain and arrogant, believing himself always to be in the right. He will engender disharmony, which is
likely to result in him living in isolation. Very few of his wishes will be accomplished.
Set acceptable and attainable goals.
Your leadership is not as strong as it ought to be. Results are not being achieved. Seek appropriate
help (though thought or from people).
small, outer preponderance, implicit subordination) (as) in (for, with) the head (the leader, the
One is (was, might, or will be) passing (him) by, not meeting (him, her, the other).
What occurs is (was, might, or will be) as a flying bird passing by distantly, leaving one (the
other) far behind.
Misfortune; This means bad luck and injury."
Gathered sources: If one overshoots the goal, one cannot hit it. If a bird will not come to its nest but
flies higher and higher, it eventually falls into the hunter's net. He who in times of extraordinary
salience of small things does not know how to call a halt, but restlessly seeks to press on and on,
draws upon himself misfortune at the hands of gods and men, because he deviates from the order of
nature.
Thus here, one exceeds ones situation rather than just meeting it. This is like a flying bird passing one
by, or like a bird gone too far astray.
The bird may symbolize desires and aims that are too high and distant, and/or too flashy and too
bright for the present time and circumstances. Excess will result in injury.
JLK: Due to flying "too high" (and/or distantly), one passes and misses that which (or those who) is
(are) of importance and/or what actually matters.

Thus, conversely, this line may hold the advice not to fly "too high". It might mean one should
moderate ones ambition, requirements, and/or demands.
A consequence of having ambitions that are too high can be that one passes others without meeting
them, due to no being able to see or notice them (anymore) because of ones arrogance or unwise
ways, and/or due to expectations that are too high.
Having ambitions that are too low can also have the consequence of not meeting others, due to
effacing oneself (excessively), and/or due to expectations that are too low. Since this is the time of
exceeding smallness (excess of what is small, outer preponderance, implicit subordination), this
might be an issue for the one at the center of the matter at hand.
~ Profile
These persons will have difficulty exercising proper restraint, as they have a natural propensity to
excesses and for overshooting the mark. Constantly striving higher and higher, never knowing or
establishing acceptable limits, is detrimental to oneself and others. The grass will never seem
greenest, wherever they are.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will become unduly proud and arrogant, through a false
opinion of himself and his ability. He will never see himself as others see him. He will be continually
striving, and ambitious, but by using wrong methods and by not correcting his faults, that which he
accomplishes will give empty satisfaction, and any gains will later be lost.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be insatiably covetous, and envious of others. He will
use his strength indiscriminately, and act rashly, trying to force situations before they are ripe. His
accomplishments will be few and small, and he will have many troubles, including frequent family
difficulties.
Avoid overstepping the mark.
Are you striving too high? Are you exercising proper self control? You should keep within the limits of
your abilities.

Hexagram 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware)
- Ji Ji (Chi Chi)
The theme of this hexagram is how, when being at the end or after the completion of an endeavor
and/or experience, one should take care of the small matters in order to make the success complete
and durable.
Alternatively it is about learning how to finish and complete things in a way that is (was, might, or will
be) right.
The Image says:
"finishing and completing; after completion; the task that is completed; at the end;
one who is ready to complete; one who is (already) aware (realized, and/or complete);
the one who is at the end, helping others:
The water above the fire.

This is the image of the conditions as clarified with time (memory).
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) thinking (learning, understanding) about
(potential) abuse, or misfortune, and the resulting evil, that may come, or be ahead, regulating,
and arming himself, as well as correctly applying what is (was, or will be) caused due to the
progressing of everything through time.
JLK: He is (was, might, will, or should be) giving particular care to considering how things are
(and/or can be expected to be) at the end, at the time of completion (of what is at the center of
the matter at hand).
The Great Man, when in difficulties, will think and consider carefully, considering the way
things should be completed, and which precautions should be taken to complete things in a
way that is right (strong, active, creative, light, loving).
Being accomplished, he knows the importance of being helped when one is at the beginning
(of something); Therefore he will generously and naturally help those who are beginning
(something), and who are receptive enough to receive his help.
He is aware that those who are inferior and stubborn (angry), can't be helped (appropriately),
because they can't receive (appropriately)."
JLK: Hex. 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware), shows the image of water
(liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory) above fire. This is like a kettle of
water heating up above a fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting,
activating or draining of energy). When a fire is heating up (a kettle of) water, the water is "energized"
(transformed). Either a state of balance, stability, and completion is reached, or, if the fire gets the
water to be too hot, the water starts to boil and flow over, and can end up extinguishing the fire, like
rain pouring down and killing a fire below it. Thus, the fire can bring stability (completion), or it can
bring its own destruction, arriving at the end of its existence. This gives the idea of finishing,
completing, and being at the end.
The conditions and circumstances during finishing and completing will strongly depend on (and/or

occur in the context of) how these were when preparing and beginning, as described by inner hex.
64, Preparing and Beginning (Before Completion, At the Beginning).
Once water extinguishes a fire, there's no possibility to get it started again, unless one has kept aside
(spared) extra materials (wood) for it. Thus, a practical advise to bring things to a good end, and
allow for a new beginning (a "restart") if necessary, is to make sure to have such extra options and/or
materials available, so that one can keep moving on (advancing) even when faced with a (thus
temporary) loss of such.
Gathered sources: The ancient original Chinese ideogram for "ji ji", the name of the hexagram, show
two characters. On top (or on the left) there occurs "ji", which pictures the image of "finishing a meal",
or "completing a way of consuming, sharing and nourishing" (as well as the providing for such). It
shows the image of "a kneeling person reaching towards a food vessel" or (what is as a) "distributor"
(something providing, or heating food). It may also be seen as depicting the "completion", or "sunset"
of (the character inside, and below it) "the first", "the origin", ("original"), or "primary".
Below this (or on the right) it shows "ji", which is indicating "to be completing", "crossing a stream", "to
be relieving", "to be helping", or "to give aid".
JLK: When being at the end of something, this means that something new is beginning. This is why
this hexagram comes before hex. 64, Preparing and Beginning (Before Completion, At the
Beginning).
General comment
While hex. 64, Preparing and Beginning (Before Completion, At the Beginning) on the whole indicates
how it is important to act with great care, like a fox crossing the ice on a river avoiding to get wet,
here, in hex. 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware), what matters is to beware of
possible misfortune, difficulties or abuse and taking appropriate precautions (based on earlier
experiences, as "at the end", after having lived through them).
The Judgment says:
"Finishing and completing, after completion, a task that is completed, at the end, one who is
ready to complete, one who is (already) aware, realized, and/or complete:
Considering these conditions will lead to success.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) as when after finishing and/or after
beginning an endeavor.
JLK: Being at the end (the destiny) one knows and understands what can go wrong at the
beginning (the origin). This allows one to learn about (understand, find) Heaven's way, and/or
the ruling principle, and to choose behaving in ways that are in accordance with Heaven's law,
which will be the right way to begin what is new.
It is (was, might, or will be) good to be concentrating on small matters.

In that case there will be success.
Good fortune at the beginning. Disorder (difficulties, incalculableness, memories) at the end."
Gathered sources: This hexagram indicates the end, finale, or completion, like that of the sixty four
hexagrams as they appear in the order of Fa Wen. However, in that order it comes before hex. 64,
Preparing and Beginning (Before Completion, At the Beginning), which symbolizes the fact that
completion is not necessarily the end.

Commentary
Every line in this hexagram is in the right place, signifying that matters have been brought to
completion.
With the completion comes success. The good fortune comes at the beginning, when the process of
completion is still effective.
A hexagram, however, is not static, so by the time the top of the hexagram is reached, and the lines
are tending to change to their opposite, disorders are likely to occur. This need not necessarily
happen, if new ideas or actions are injected to replace the old. This is what is implied by "success by
concentrating on small matters", i.e. when major accomplishments are complete there invariably
remain small matters to be taken care of, and timely replacement of outworn details can keep a
project stabilized and successful. This naturally requires continual planning and forethought.
In human affairs this should be done with firmness and correctness, in great and small matters alike
and in realms, mental, physical and spiritual. One must bear in mind the law of change: nothing ever
remains stationary. All things are either progressing or retrogressing, however slowly.
Specific comment
Misfortune, difficulties or abuse may be avoided by taking care of (what seem to be) small matters, or
matters of little importance.
~ Profile
Those with this natal hexagram will exercise much thought, and, in general, will plan well and know
the right things to do.

Lines
"JLK: Finishing and completing (after completion, being at the end, being aware or failing to
be aware and complete) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at
(in, for, with) the feet (in the beginning, when young, those who are young, on the floor),
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) as a driver who is breaking, or dragging
his wheels, or with ones carriage hanging and dragging low, leaving traces.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) (as) wetting ones tail.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) thinking and considering in advance
(anticipating, planning, and/or calculating), thus taking his precautions;
Some things (after careful selection) have to be let loose (let go of), or one will be loaded too
heavily (burdensome) to reach the other side of the stream (the river, the water).
Similarly, the one who is at the end (of something), is willing to help others who are at the
beginning (of something), but with due time (towards completion) he will have to let go of
(certain) things.
There will be no mistake! No error, and no blame."
JLK: By trying to reach ones goal(s) in a way that is exceedingly slow or particularly difficult (by the
dragging of the wheels, by being immersed), ones gets "wet" (affecting a part of ones body, and/or
ones being). One suffers limited damage. Contrary to hex. 64, line 1, this is not necessarily (meant to
be) a humiliating experience, as it's merely a consequence of a failure of the vehicle one uses (and/or
of the way it is designed or used).
The advice that "some things have to be let loose (let go of)" holds the idea that one can not carry a
burden that is greater than one can bear. If one takes on a load that is too great, crossing the river will
end in one getting immersed and wet, perhaps even drowning.
Thus, the superior one pays great care to what he will choose to carry, and/or work with, and in what
way(s), as it will be of crucial importance at the end, when things are (were, might, will, or should be)
completed.
Similarly, he (and/or what occurs) is willing to help others who are at the beginning (of something), but
once being at the end (eventually) he (and/or what occurs) will have to let go of things, and the other
will have to advance alone or find alternatives.
One can't bring all (each and everyone) along when crossing the stream. One can't hold onto (and/or
carry) all at the same time. One can't do things in various ways that can't be combined (successfully).
Under the occurring circumstances one can't be 100% perfect at all times. One has to accept some
margin of error, and/or one has to keep things "loose" ("relaxed") at some point in time.
Consequently one must make a selection with great care of who and/or what should be kept
(maintained, held onto, helped), and must determine by which criteria one should choose (select).
Alternatively, this line may indicate one should question if the one (and/or that which is) at the center
of the matter at hand is (was, might, or will be) capable of carrying the weight (burden) associated
with what is being considered, in the way that is being considered.

Gathered sources: "One is wetting ones tail...", or: "The fox wets his tail when crossing the river...",
here (somewhat different than in the image of the first line of hex. 64), is indicating someone or
something that is going very slow, being immersed into the situation, liveliness, danger or unknown
circumstance(s) that are occurring (and flowing endlessly).
On the other hand this might as well be indicating a type of "ritual libidation" as when chasing away
past and/or future misfortune, and/or "bad" spirits (or intentions).
It can also indicate what is like breaking (through), pulling, dragging, drawing, attracting, backtracking
what appears like (a) wheel(s), or a cyclic occurrence, a circle, a revolution, a change, a rotation, a
roll, a turn, a tour, a transformation, etc...
One is leaving traces when moving, or acting. There will be no mistake, error, and no blame, because
what is happening (and/or going wrong) is not caused by ones own actions.
On the other hand it depicts how in times following Great transition, when everything is pressing
forwards, it is not good at the beginning to give in, overshooting the mark, which would lead certainly
to loss or collapse. One who is strong will not be carried away by the general intoxication, and will
check ones position in time. (Thus,) one may not be touched or afflicted by the disastrous
consequences of the general pressure, but only be hit from behind, like a fox who will have the tail or
rear become wet, and then prefers to avoid the water as much as possible. There will not be any real
harm, because ones behavior has been (or will be) correct.
The first line is at the rear, or the back of "the fox", hence it represents the tail (or what looks like it) or
the wheel(s). Because it has a connection to the lowest line of the upper trigram, the water, it is said
to get wet, or lively, and incalculable.
JLK: The "tail" getting "wet" represents the interaction between what is at hand, and the world / the
Universe. The fact that it is getting wet suggests some degree of discomfort or damage, without this
being very serious. Things will be "uncomfortable" at the end, and/or at the rear, in the back.
Depending on the matter at hand, the "tail" may (also) have to be understood as a metaphor for the
male sexual organ, while "rear" may refer to the (an) organ (or instrument) used for evacuating
garbage. Here, taking action will bring danger and/or difficulties related to these.
General comment
This line expresses the conditions at the completion of an enterprise. In the Yi Jing, an important
enterprise is usually signified by the expression "crossing the Great water" (or "stream"). Braking
ones wheel and slowing down keeps one from getting needlessly wet when fording the Great water.
However, it seems that this person is like a fox who gets his tail wet, and consequently has no desire
to cross the water again. With matters being completed, it is right to rest and restrict ones activities.
However, continued analysis of ones situation is required to keep matters appropriately in hand.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be knowledgeable and wise, and in a high position. He will
take adequate precautions against possible calamities, nipping them in the bud whenever possible, or
helping to repair such conditions as may occur after natural disasters. He may be in the legislative
branch of government, or associated with an insurance business. He will help keep his country free
from troubles. He will have a well earned reputation and a highly favorable life, and will be loved by
many.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be clever, but lacking in common sense and wisdom. He
will often accomplish the wrong things. He will vacillate frequently, and will have few achievements
and little lasting profit.

You must continually analyze situations to keep them in hand.
Joyousness is great when an enterprise is complete. Beware of becoming heedless, and proceed
with caution.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) finishing and completing (after
completion, being at the end, being aware or failing to be aware and complete) (as) in (for, at,
with) the calves (ones impulses, the temporary, intermediate, and/or regional).
Finishing and completing (after completion, at the end, being aware) is (was, might, or will be)
will be advantage.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like a woman (small, receptive, weak, dark,
unclear, or open) who has lost her hair (-ornaments, jewelry, graciousness, reputation, or
"image", camouflage, facade), which was providing a certain safety and protection when
moving (traveling, wandering) through society (and/or life in general).
It is (was, might, or will be) not good for one (the woman, small, weak, receptive, dark, or
open) to go in pursuit of what is lost; Nor is (was, might, or will be) one (she) having any
occasion to be doing so successfully (under such circumstances).
JLK: Neither is (was, might, or will be) it good for the man to be running after a woman who
has lost her hair (ornaments, grace, or graciousness), or after what is like this; (But it is
always good to give adequate help, within ones limits and the other's).
The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) cautious with small matters and considers
them carefully (in a weighted, fair way);
This can clarify and/or remedy things to a certain extent, and/or will bring advantage.
Letting go beholds gold (and/or a "golden" opportunity).
The woman (the one in an inferior position) will find what was lost (and/or what one is
searching for) in seven days;
JLK: But only if she (one) has genuine virtue."
JLK: Someone, or "that which is occurring" at the center of the matter at hand, is like a woman (small,
weak) who has lost her hair, cover, veil, or hair piece (or ornament). What used to give beauty (grace)
to the person at the center of the matter at hand, has been lost. It points to a loss of reputation, rightly
or wrongly, temporarily, or forever.
As the hair ornament stands for "a bundle of hair", or a piece of jewelry, elegant ornaments (or other
decorative item of different nature), this can furthermore be indicating entangled vegetation (wood, or
organisms) that is falling on the way, or that is concealing and hiding the path. The "hairpiece"

(ornament) has not only be lost, it thus also becomes somewhat of an obstacle.
Gathered sources: Thus, this line symbolizes (who is as) a woman who is yielding (giving in) to the
man or husband depicted at the fifth line. The woman has (had, might have, or will have) lost her veil
(her reputation, grace, or graciousness), and subsequently she is exposed to attack(s), and/or
meeting with confusion and distress. But since she is correct [if she is virtuous - JLK], these attacks
and the distress, do her no harm. She remains true to her man or husband (or a matter of faith), and
obtains her veil (reputation) again, later.
This means that if someone or something of value has been lost, after biding a delay, and waiting,
one will be finding this back. What has been lost will be found back in seven days or what will be
experienced like this.
One will find what was lost in seven days, or seven periods, because the course, or way pursued, is
that indicated by the central position. Self-control, restraint, and moderation will be profitable.
JLK: Conversely, if the woman is not genuinely virtuous, there can be no good results, and what was
lost may never be found again by her.
General comment
Modesty and reserve are indicated here. This is proper (the line is weak in the correct place) as the
period after completion has not progressed very far as yet. When this period has served its purpose,
i.e. completed its cycle, as indicated by the words "in seven days" then it will be time to recommence
action.
The line indicates a period where circumstances will not be propitious for great achievements until
late in life.
Even if you lose your face over something, don't try to make up for it or to get even. Things will come
in order again in what seems to be like "a week".
~ Profile
It is part of this person's destiny that circumstances will not be propitious for great achievements until
late in life.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be knowledgeable, wise and virtuous, and will follow the
golden mean. His ability and goodness will not be appreciated, and consequently will remain unused.
He will persevere along the right path, and his diligence and patience will in time be duly rewarded. In
his senior years he will reap the benefits that he could not attain earlier, and he will establish much of
merit, as well as achieve fame and wealth.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will have wide and sound knowledge, and will be stable
and reliable in whatever he does. He will have many hardships in life, but will have modest yet
sufficient affluence in his old age.
Modesty and reserve bring their own rewards. {JLK: Lack of modesty and/or proper restraint will

sooner or later have "to be paid for".]
Act with restraint, and do not force activity. Matters will commence at the right time.
completion, being at the end, being aware or failing to be aware and complete) (as) in (at, for,
The Illustrious Ancestor carries out an attack on the demon's regions, and conquers it after
three years.
Inferior men must not take part in such an undertaking;

There should be no inferior reasons and/or motives for taking action."
JLK: One is (was, might, will, or should be) fighting (combating, chasing) what is inferior (small, weak,
evil). This has to be done in ways that are superior (great, strong, creative, right, loving), and with
help from those who are (and/or that which is) superior (great, strong, creative, right, loving). Once
the battle has been won, after a period of (what is like) "three years", there is a return to (and/or
attainment of) what is superior (great, strong, creative, right, loving).
Still, there is a "tricky" side to demons: they tend to provoke one to get into fights (conflicts, disputes)
that are useless, or without any good cause or outcome. That's why one has to continuously reassess
things. This too, is a way to fight "demons".
Gathered sources: The "demon's region" indicates anything one wants this to denote. It suggests the
parallel world of hidden energies and spirits, that sometimes might be felt oddly close, or that might
be occurring on another (superior or hidden) level of reality, as well as those who appear in the world
and who are grown into being (over-) angry, corrupted, malignant, bitter, or evil.
This refers or points to the time after completion, when new power has arisen and everything within
the country has been set in order, followed by a period of "colonial expansion". It is of major
importance to begin or lead any campaign with the right and correct type of attitude and behavior,
from the outset, thus avoiding divergent and disturbing influences to be accumulating.
Here, "three years" indicates that the campaign or endeavor is exhausting, and experienced as one
"aging" through it (instead of time simply flowing on).
Under the circumstances one must avoid the help of those who are (or that which is) inferior.
JLK: This is the 3rd line of the lower trigram, the fire. The 3rd line of hex. 30, the Fire (the
Illuminating, that which Sticks and Exhausts), shows how after a period of great brightness (fire,
clarifying, energizing, and/or exhaustion), the brightness declines. It points to the fact that
circumstances should be appropriate, if one is to "beat ones drum and sing": there should be

brightness (clarity, fire, energy, life-force, resources) for that.
Thus, one may have to take appropriate measures so that there is enough brightness (clarity, fire,
energy, life-force, resources) to win the battle against what is inferior (small, weak, evil), and/or accept
that certain things (and/or their "energy", brightness, clarity) will decline and/or end.
General comment
Although the principal gains have already been made, many problems of detail still remain to be
overcome and set right. This will be done.
However, those in power are cautioned to use only duly qualified and reliable people if they expect to
receive continuing satisfaction. Furthermore, they must be properly led, by giving the right guidance
and by allotting appropriate duties and responsibilities. Maintaining successful operations is not easy.
Basically, this line relates to the way people are employed by others once a major enterprise has
been completed.
Specific comment
You may have to go through a long battle where you'll have to overcome many opposition or
"demons". It's important to behave in a highly accurate way and to have the help of capable people or
excellent tools.
~ Profile
Those depicted here will, by and large, be the employers.
Most auspicious (in the best case): You will be well educated and brilliant, but lacking to a degree in
common sense, and hence he will take a long time to truly establish himself. You are likely to become
a military commander, or be in charge of a law enforcement agency. You will have a good family and
household, but will not enjoy an extended family life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): You will possess and express resentment about not being given
the jobs he believes himself capable of. You will exercise cunning to try to get his way, and he may
become acrimonious and arrogant. You will often spend more money than you have, and thus will
frequently be in financial difficulty. You will have many troubles and disputes with your own family.
Use only qualified people and suitable ideas.
Only that which is right should be attempted, and with strong support, since considerable time will be
required for its consummation.

4
completion, being at the end, being aware or failing to be aware and complete) (as) in (for,
Finishing and completing (after completion, being at the end, being aware or failing to be
aware and complete) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with,
Amidst the fine and arty clothes, there are (were, might, or will be) rags (which one might
come to notice).
This means there will be doubt, and suspicion. One should be extremely careful.
And/or: one (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) like one who has provided oneself with
cloths (rags) against a leak that has appeared in the boat, and who is on guard all day long.
All day long, and especially to the end of the day, or at the completion of a (daily) cycle: be on
guard, prepared to be warning, or signaling, or reading and understanding what is like this."
Gathered sources: The commentary results in two different images:
The first image is that of there being fine and arty clothes, but amidst these there are rags that one
might come to notice. This means there will be doubt and suspicion.
This may depict someone who has to do with (materially) modest means, in a surrounding of luxury;
Who is (was, might, or will) not (be) having the means (cloths, money, or provisions) to go on.
And/or, it indicates (as well) someone of a fine (subtle, and fragile) nature who is appearing in a
surrounding that is rough, sloppy, or "grubby" (himself being like the silk tissue amidst the rags).
The second image is that of one being in a situation as when being on a boat that could possibly leak
(although it has not yet occurred, or been noticed by oneself, or others). If there is (was, or will be) a
leak (in the boat), one is (was, might, or will be) ending up only having rags (simple, weak,
inappropriate, and relatively inefficient means, available in a small amount) to stop or pad it up.
Therefore it is crucial to be on guard and to be informed in time (or to inquire for instance on ones
financial situation, or other aspects of available means) even if the means (to do this) are minimal or
painstakingly brought about (like "by hand"), or even if one has to be signaling (as) waving with a
(wet, lively or unknown) cloth (a flag, a rag, the heart, wallet, or credit-card).
Thus, a solution to an occurring problem is only temporary and must be inspected "all day long",
constantly, in several different, changed or changing ways, focusing on the end and (the) completion.
General comment
Making repairs is indicated here. This is an essential part of any activity or enterprise.
A person depicted by this line may be in a high and important position as indicated by him having the
finest of clothes. He will be forced to disperse his knowledge and personal wealth to protect himself
and those dependent on him, as if he were making rags out of his clothing and were stuffing them into
a crack to stop a leak in a boat.

Specific comment
You might lack the required means to fulfill all aspects related to your goal. This means you have to
be continuously on your guard such as to avoid the sinking of "your boat".
On the other hand, it may be that you have to repair certain things (like a leak in your "boat") that
have to do with your goal.
This line can also indicate that what are like "fine clothes" - for example your cultivation, artfulness or
sensibility - may turn into or made to look like "rags" when encountering a situation such as when a
boat sinks.
~ Profile
Those persons depicted by this line will be in high and important positions as indicated by their having
the finest of clothes. They will be forced to disperse their knowledge and personal wealth to protect
themselves and those dependent on them, as if they were making rags out of their clothing and were
stuffing them into a crack to stop a leak in a boat. These persons will be considerate, observant,
forthright, magnanimous, noble and chivalrous. Their lives will benefit many.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have great strength of character and courage, and will
employ them judiciously. He will be able to achieve peace in times of danger, and likewise prevent
calamities in times of peace. His inner strength will be great, and he will support others very ably at all
times. He will have a very favorable life, serving his country, his family, his enterprise and himself.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a man of innate wisdom, exercising caution and
sound judgment He will quell troubles and disorders at their inception. He will achieve sufficient, but
not abundant, affluence.
Be prepared to give of yourself whenever necessary.
People will test everyone and everything new. Watch out for possible evil.

5

advantage.
The sacrificing (of an ox) by the eastern neighbor is (was, might, or will) not to be enjoyed as
well as the smaller summer's sacrifice by the western neighbor, who will enjoy his to a much
Greater extend.
(Thus,) the eastern neighbor obtains less happiness than the western neighbor.
It is the genuineness (sincerity) that is (was, might, or will be) bringing or carrying the
blessings, and the advantage."
Gathered sources: Here, what matters is the genuineness and/or sincerity (authenticity, honesty, or
truth) that is experienced as related to the issue at hand.
What occurs is like a neighbor (in the east, the past) who slaughters an ox, or something else of
importance, for his sacrifice. But this is not equal to the small summer (or spring) sacrifice of the
neighbor in the west, whose sincerity receives the blessing.
The difference between the two sacrifices lies in their solidity, sincerity and genuineness. These
qualities are blessed by Heaven. The success and importance of the sacrifice or the arising occasion,
depends on its sincerity, rather than size or other material distinction. A simple sacrifice offered with
real piety, holds Greater blessings than an impressive service without warmth. This has also to do
with religious attitudes and how they are, or might be influenced by the material and spiritual
atmosphere, after, or during times of completion.
Thus, the western neighbor obtains (relatively) more profit from his endeavors than the eastern one.
This means that if only an endeavor or sacrifice is done at the right time, under the right
circumstances, small efforts and/or or means can obtain Great results.
The fact that the western neighbor obtains the profit, means that fortune is with the one who is doing
the inquiring.
General comment
Thankfulness for blessings received (in this case, when matters have been brought to completion)
was shown in ancient times by performing sacrificial rites. Two very different modes of sacrifice are
depicted here, one person making a grandiose display by slaughtering a valuable ox, while the other
makes a simple yet sincere offering in the spring ceremony (when the offerings should be small,
according to custom). Since God sees what is in a man's heart, the simple offering sincerely rendered
is much more desirable than the elegant offering presented mainly for show.
Just by being sincere, using simple solutions and carefully timing your actions you can have

guaranteed fortunate results.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be careful and thorough, attentive to detail yet far-seeing,
broadminded and considerate. He will act only after thorough deliberation, and then with singleness
of purpose. He will always be of service to others. He will have a highly satisfactory and rewarding
life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be cunning and clever, and without much honesty. He will
seek luxury out of vanity, and will harm many persons in his path, including his own family and
household. He will have difficulty in all interpersonal relationships. Only if he lives in seclusion will he
truly enjoy life.
Quality is more to be desired than quantity.
Actions taken with sincerity are ultimately more rewarding than those done for show. Good fortune is
on its way.
Ones head is (was, might, or will be) immersed (wet).
Danger (difficulties, incalculable liveliness).
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) not distracted from his focus
(concentration, and/or objectives), knowing that this is not the right time (opportunity, and/or
occasion) to look beyond it, and/or back at the past (at what has been overcome, or at matters
that need not concern him)."
JLK: In a simple way this line says: don't look back. One is (was, might, will, or should be) not looking
back, and/or move the head (ones thinking) in erratic, wild, uncontrolled ways, due to being distracted
from what should be ones objective(s).
Gathered sources: One is (was, might, or will be) (even) immersing and wetting ones head. The
position is (was, might, or will be) perilous (incalculable) and full of danger. How could such a state
continue long?
The warning that is attached to this line is that after crossing a stream, ones head can (only) get into
the water, or be immersed, if one is as imprudent to turn (or look) back (or if making some other
inappropriate movement).

Gathered sources: When one is in the middle of action, as long as one will go forward without looking
back one will escape danger (peril, or difficulties), and not (yet) risk to be drowning (or get "wet"). But
one might be fascinated by looking back at a peril overcome, and such (potential) self-admiration
brings misfortune. Looking back, pausing, standing still, lacking resolve, will make one fall victim to
the (ever-flowing) danger(s).
On the other hand, if one is not in the middle of action, then the occurrence of this line may point to
the fact that under the occurring circumstances, if there is a substantial risk that one will get ones
head "immersed" and/or "wet", then this means there is (or will be) danger.
While the first line of the hexagram indicates the tail of the fox, the top line represents its head. It gets
wet, and/or into the water (or other liquid), because it is a weak line at the top of the trigram Kan, the
water (the danger, the liveliness, the incalculable, the unknown).
JLK: This is the last (and upper) line of this hexagram symbolizing (after) completion, at the end. This
means one has to begin a new cycle. In order to starting a new cycle, one has to be strong and fresh.
One can not afford to have ones head being "wet".
Thus, this line may point to the fact that one should not worry (much) about what is at the center of
the matter at hand, and/or not let it confuse the mind. (li 6)
Even though one has completed something (being at the end), this doen't mean one has a complete
grasp, view or idea of what one is (actually) dealing with, what will be ahead and/or be required to
deal with things. This could be perplexing, and lead to confusion. Therefore it's better not to worry
about this, for the time being. One should focus on "staying afloat", keeping ones head "above the
water" (out of confusion, out of reach of forces that could pull one down).
~ Profile
Returning to the idea that "crossing the Great stream" means carrying out some great enterprise,
here we find a person trying to accomplish something great on his own, and "getting his head wet".
Obviously this indicates a dangerous situation.
It is a basic principle of human life that everyone should serve others in one or more ways. Mutual
support and cooperation are vital to success. Regrettably, some, who are otherwise quite intelligent
and capable, will believe that they can accomplish major enterprises best single-handed. They have
lost sight of what it means to be a true leader.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will have a great talent and a love of people. Through
exercising constant reverence and care he will accomplish major achievements. At the same time, he
will consider and be wary of potential dangers and calamities. He will be slow to make gains, but he
will keep and protect what he attains, and will look after his family.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be talented and ambitious, but he will also be vain and
will regards himself highly. This will incur the wrath of Heaven and the opposition of man. Difficulty
upon difficulty pile up, and he may die young.
For major efforts seek out the cooperation of others.
Do not glory in the past, or rest on your laurels. It is the present that counts. Keep moving ahead.

Hexagram 64, Preparing and Beginning (Before Completion, At the Beginning)
- Wei Ji (Wei Chi)
The theme of this hexagram is how, when being at the beginning or before the completion of an
endeavor and/or experience, one should pay the greatest care and be prudent in order to bring
matters to a success (completion).
Alternatively it is about learning how to prepare (for) something, and to begin (something new) in a
way that is (was, might, or will be) right, while taking into account that one can't know about how
certain things will be at completion (at the end).
The Image says:
"preparing and beginning; before completion; the task yet to be completed; at the beginning;
one who is preparing to begin; one who is not yet aware (realized, and/or complete):
The fire above the water.
The superior one, in accordance with the time and the circumstances, is (was, might, will, or
should be) distinguishing everything and the different positions they naturally occupy,
carefully discriminating between the many different qualities of things.
JLK: He is (was, might, will, or should be) giving particular care to (considering) how things
are (and/or should be expected to be) at the beginning, before completion (of what is at the
center of the matter at hand);
Knowing what is at the beginning will let him know what to expect, or not, at the end.
The Great Man will distinguish all following its nature, before attempting to organize (and/or
gather) things. He will take into account that not knowing about what lies ahead may lead to
insurmountable difficulties.
JLK: He will think and consider carefully, considering the way things are (were, might, will, or
should be) beginning, and which precautions should be taken at the beginning to complete
things in a way that is right (strong, active, creative, light, loving).
The Great Man, when in difficulties, will think and consider carefully, considering the way
things should be completed, and which precautions should be taken at the beginning in order
to complete things in a way that is right (strong, active, creative, light, loving)."
JLK: Hex. 64, Preparing and Beginning (Before Completion, At the Beginning), shows the image of
fire (illumination, clarifying, brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy)
above water (liveliness, difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, the memory). The fire has ample
opportunity to grow, and nags the water, provoking a reaction. If the fire gets too strong, it will exhaust
(evaporate) the water, yet this will allow it to start a new cycle (once it falls back down again in the
form of rain). On the other hand, the water below the fire is at the beginning of the course (journey) it
will follow, while the fire, like the sun, shines on (illuminates, clarifies) the path (course) that the water
(the river) will follow. While fire and water move in opposite directions (the fire moving upwards, and
the water moving downwards), both have ample opportunity to grow and evolve, it be with a result
that will be good, or bad. This gives the idea of preparing, starting, and being at the beginning.

The conditions and circumstances of preparing and beginning will firmly determine (and/or determine
the context of) what will be experienced when finishing and completing, as described by inner hex.
63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware).
The situation at hand, showing fire above water, can be like when one is attempting to start a fire
while ones hands are ice-cold, stiff, and hurting, under circumstances that are wet, difficult, and
dangerous. There's a real risk of failure. It will take a great effort, and one has to acquire and apply
the right ingredients and methods to let things move in the right direction.
Gathered sources: The original ideograms for "wei ji", the name of this hexagram, depict one who has
"nearly crossed the stream", one who is "in the middle of an endeavor" (or situation) - which may also
indicate being surrounded by an incalculable element -, and who has to take Great care about how,
when, why, and where to be "crossing, or immersing into the stream" (the endeavor, the project, the
situation, the circumstances, the activities, the liveliness or unknown entities), and if one should be
doing such or not.
The idea here, is that no event is ever truly complete, and that the ramifications (organization) of any
(ongoing, or future) action continue to go on and on. One is (to be) moving towards what would be
called "completion", yet (and therefore) there is no completion (now), everything continues (goes on).
Therefore, the occurrence of this hexagram may indicate a certain kind of stagnation (a continuance
of the circumstances) [JLK: yet occurring with incalculable and dangerous new variations, as
indicated by the lower trigram, the water).
The transition from disorder to order is not yet (fully) completed, but the change has indeed been
prepared for. All lines in the upper trigram are in relation with those in the lower. However, not
everything is in place.
While the preceding hex. 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware), depicts autumn
(the period from summer to winter), this hexagram represents spring, the period that starts in the
stagnation of winter and that ends in the fruitful time of summer.
This hexagram depicts the transition from hex. 12, Stagnation (the Stubbornness, Stuck to be
Receiving), to hex. 11, the Peace (Great and Massive, Massive Prosperity). Despite the outward
appearance of disorder, all lines of the hexagram appear in their proper place, each holding a
relationship with one another. The strong second line has come down (and been broken down) from
or by the fifth line, and has thus established a connection.
JLK: Knowing what is "at the beginning" will let one know "what to expect, or not", at the end. Here,
the water trigram is occurring in the lower trigram position. It symbolizes liveliness, difficulties, the
danger, the incalculable, memories. It shows that there is danger, liveliness, incalculableness,
difficulties, and/or memories that are obstructing or helping, found at (and/or in) the feet, the
workforce, the lower hierarchy chief(s), and the subconscious (unaware) ego, and/or in those who are
(or in that which is) young (beginning).
The fire trigram occurs in the upper trigram position, which shows that illumination, clarifying,
brightness, projection, warmth, cutting, activating or draining of energy must come from what lies
higher, the head, the leader, wisdom. This also shows where exhaustion (betrayal, loss of energy) will
most likely occur.
When being at the beginning of something, this means that something (what came before) has
ended. This is why this hexagram comes after hex. 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being
Aware). Ending things leads into the beginning of something (entirely) new.

Specific comment
While hex. 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware) indicates how what matters is to
beware of possible misfortune, difficulties and/or abuse, and taking appropriate precautions, here, in
hex. 64, Preparing and Beginning (Before Completion, At the Beginning), the advice is to take things
with great care and prudence, like a fox crossing the ice on a river, avoiding to get wet, while avoiding
to rush.
In the situation depicted by hex. 63, one is putting in place and setting up measures against possible
misfortune (based on previous experience) in light of what is expected to occur at the end, whereas in
the situation depicted by hex. 64, precautions against existing or expected misfortune (difficulties or
evil) are (or should be) put in place, while one carefully applies (follows) them in order to guarantee a
good future.
The Judgment says:
"Preparing and beginning, before completion, a task yet to be completed, at the beginning,
one who is preparing to begin, one who is not yet aware, realized, and/or complete:
Considering these conditions will lead to success.
One (what occurs) is (was, might, will, or should be) as when nearly beginning and/or nearly
accomplishing an endeavor.
If the fox, when it has nearly crossed the stream, is (was, might, or will be) wetting his tail, by
immersing it, there might be no advantage in any way, and there might be regrets and
humiliation.
JLK: Being at the beginning (the origin) one can't (fully) know or understand how things will
be (or should be) at the end (at completion). This requires that one learns how to deal with
difficulties that are impossible to anticipate (predict, calculate), and to behave in ways that are
in accordance with Heaven's law, and/or the ruling principle.
No (other) place is profitable."
Gathered sources: One is nearly completing (or what is experienced as being "in the middle of") what
is like "the crossing of the stream" or "rounding off an endeavor" or "occasion", but one is not at
power to know about how things will be completed, or how things will be.
This means there is much that is (was, might, or will be) unknown, so it is not profitable, and/or not
without risk, to have another "place" to go to at this time.
JLK: By trying to reach ones goal(s) in a forceful or hurried way, one might lose ones control
(balance) and get "wet" (affecting a part of ones body, and/or ones being). In that case this means
one might suffer limited damage, but it will be a humiliating experience and lead to regrets.
Depending on which strong lines are obtained for the reading, this will more or less be a risk given the
occurring circumstances.
Commentary
This hexagram is exactly the opposite of hex. 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being
Aware).
Success is augured by virtue of the potential of each line to change, and thereby, through action,
bring matters to a successful conclusion.

The fox has always been considered a wily and wary animal. When crossing a frozen stream a fox
will proceed carefully, listening for possible cracks. Depicted here is a little fox, therefore one that is
young, inexperienced, and/or erratic. Hence he is not sufficiently wary, and, just before completing the
crossing, in his hurry to get across, gets his tail wet.
The foregoing shows the possible courses of action before completion. By being correct, by
exercising care and prudence, and by using one's potential wisely, success can be attained, and is
presaged.
However, if one is like the young fox, then nothing will be advantageous, no matter how carefully
planned in advance.
The three lower lines, on the whole, relate to inadequate experience or insufficient inner worth to
produce great success, while the three upper lines bespeak favorableness, and great things about to
be accomplished.
Your relation is still at its beginning. It can evolve into a new situation like going from winter into
springtime. It may seem as if things are in a complete disorder, but this is just the outward
appearance, as essentially all is in its right place.
Things can be fine, but only if you (and your partner) take great care about how your relationship
goes. I.e. how you deal with each other. For this it's necessary to distinguish all following to its nature,
before attempting to organize things. This also means that you have to try to understand each other
as good as possible before doing something or reacting to something.
Accept that there are (still) areas where you may be inexperienced and/or erratic, or that maybe you
may lack sufficient self-esteem to bring things to a successful end.
Look for your strong points, and the preparatory work you have already done and/or that already
exists, and use all of this. Be careful, prudent and apply great timing.
~ Profile

Lines
"JLK: Preparing and beginning (before completion, at the beginning, not yet being aware,
becoming aware) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) (as) at (in, for,
One is (was, might, or will be) like a fox wetting his tail.
One (someone, or something) is (as) wetting the tail (the rear, or the end).
This (the situation) is (was, might, or will be) humiliating and occurs because one is (was,
might, or will) not (be) able to take the end into view (considering how completion might come
about).
There will be occasion for regret.
JLK: The superior one, being firm and without error, desists from moving forward without
taking the end into account. He adapts (and/or studies) what will lie at the beginning of what
must occur, so he will be successful until the end, and/or he adapts (and/or studies) his goals
(objectives, targets, and/or wishes) to this effect."
JLK: By trying to reach ones goal(s) in a forceful or hurried way, one loses ones control (balance) and
gets "wet" (affecting a part of ones body, and/or ones being). One suffers limited damage, but it can
still be a humiliating experience.
Here, as is detailed in the hexagram's judgment, the fox has nearly crossed the stream. It's as when
nearly having accomplished an endeavor. Like the fox, one is strong and resourceful, but under the
circumstances occurring for this line, this is not (yet) enough to reach the other shore in good order.
If one has not yet reached the stage of getting "wet", one should not try to rush and/or force things in
order to reach ones goal(s), and instead focus on what is right and balanced, even if the occurring
circumstances are (very) difficult.
If on the other hand one has already gotten wet, one may need to take the time to restore ones
strength, health and resources. Going on without doing this might lead to more difficulties.
Regardless of the fact that one will generally be best off by avoiding the risk of getting "wet" (into
difficulties that are embarrassing and/or handicapping), there are times where one has to force ones
way, and bear the humiliating consequences. Since things are not fatal (in the immediate), this may
be a viable decision. Yet the price of even limited damage and humiliation can still feel too high! One
may consult the Yi Jing again, to clarify more details about such a decision, and to what extent and/or
what way the consequences might be overcome (if at all).
Gathered sources: This can indicate someone who tries to reach completion, or to "cross the river",
but who does not (fully) perceive the consequences (and/or the memories that will be left) of his or
her action(s). One rashly and/or forcefully tries to cross, or go on, and fails. This may bring
humiliation.
Thus, one is like the fox who gets his tail immersed at the very height of disorder, distress and
ignorance.
The occurrence of this line may point to the fact that one is (was, might, or will be) not aware how (or

when) to make use of an opportunity.
JLK: Since under the occurring circumstances one is lacking (the right kind of) strength and/or
resources to reach the other shore in good order (without getting wet), the main opportunities to be
found are in resting and gaining strength, in doing things in a very different way (such as to sufficiently
increase ones strength and/or resources), and/or to change ones goals, if only for some limited time,
so that one can get stronger and/or more resourceful.
Gathered sources: Notwithstanding the disorder, distress, and the temptation to advance rapidly and
accomplish something tangible, it is important not to give in to the enthusiasm occurring from trying to
solve the situation before the right time of achieving is arrived. At times like these, it might bring some
advantage to spare oneself humiliation, by holding back adequately, in time.
On the other hand, the situation might already have progressed to a certain degree, where "the fox",
or that which is occurring, has lost some control, completing and ending (with the tail being) "wet",
meaning one is immersed in, or surrounded by danger ("liveliness", incalculableness), and regrets or
"purifying" considerations.
The commentary to this line is nearly the same as that of the 1st line of the preceding hex. 63,
Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware). The difference occurs on the level or scale of
beginning and completing. Here, the line occurs at an early stage, before completion, and when one
is unable to anticipate the end.
JLK: Depending on the matter at hand, the "tail" may (also) have to be understood as a metaphor for
the male sexual organ, while "rear" may refer to the (an) organ (or instrument) used for evacuating
garbage. Here, taking action related to these will bring danger and/or difficulties.
General comment
Line 1 is a weak line, and implies a lack of experience, inner strength, wisdom and prudence. These
qualities, however, are precisely those that are needed at the commencement of great enterprises.
~ Profile
Those persons who are innately good will be able to sustain themselves moderately well, but those
without any strength of character will suffer appreciably. Their destiny is not very favorable, and hence
their timing will always seem to be wrong whenever they try to accomplish something. In general, it
will be hard for them to achieve anything.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will possess considerable knowledge, but he will be unable to
accomplish worthwhile projects. He will be what might be termed 'a dumb savant,' i.e. he will possess
much knowledge, but little practicality with which to put it to use. He will find circumstances opposing
his efforts to advance so often that he will give up his ambitions and settle down to a simple life, in
which he will find contentment.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will have a generally unfavorable life, from beginning to end.
He will tend to quit everything he begins, whether it be higher education, learning a trade, establishing
a friendship, developing family relationships, or whatever. He will never be contented, and will always
be searching, and he will have many troubles.
Fortune does not smile on weak characters.

Do not be over enthusiastic, with but little knowledge. Be thoughtful and conservative.
"JLK: What occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) preparing and beginning (before
completion, at the beginning, not yet being aware, becoming aware) (as) in (for, at, with) the
Preparing and beginning (before completion, at the beginning, not yet being aware, becoming
aware) is (was, might, or will be) occurring (and/or required) in (by) the way of (or at the the
consensus).
will be advantage.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) (as) dragging or breaking (what is as) the wheels of
(what is like) ones carriage.
JLK: One must ask oneself (determine) if ones wheels are (were, or should be) dragging, or
breaking.
If ones wheels are (were, or should be) merely dragging, this is good.
If ones wheels are (were, or should be) breaking (and/or broken), the movement can not go on
(until an alternative is found, if still possible).
Associating with others who move (advance) successfully (in good conditions, flawlessly)
may hold the prospect of success and fortune, and/or moving (advancing) in better ways.
Divination, anticipation, being persevering, firm and correct, brings good fortune."
JLK: In a general way this line may indicate that one is (was, might, will, or should be) made to move
slow, or slower than one is used to (or than one is meant or supposed to take into account). Here,
under the occurring circumstances it is good to take appropriate time for things, as this will bring good
fortune if it means one is completing tasks, or goals. But if one loses too much time, and/or is made to
loose too much time, then this is (was, might, or will be) bad, and the good fortune can not
materialize.
For the matter at hand, the question will be: are the wheels of (what is like) ones carriage merely
"dragging", or are they breaking or broken? In the latter case (and if there is no replacement or
feasible alternative for the broken "wheels") the movement forward may have come to an end.
Conversely, if here, under the occurring circumstances, one is dragging or breaking "ones wheels",
this may mean that others don't. One can let this work to ones advantage, or not. Thus, associating
with others who move (advance) successfully (in good conditions, flawlessly) may hold the prospect
of success and fortune. And letting others advance ahead while one takes the time to realize ones
tasks (goals) also offers options that can lead to success and fortune.
Gathered sources: This indicates a situation where movement is (was, might, will, or should be) very
slow, which (normally) brings good fortune. Ones position is (was, might, or will be) in the center.

It's not yet the time to act full strength. One should have patience, but not be waiting idly, without
thorough anticipation. One should develop inside the strength necessary, and use what is like a
vehicle, or vessel, to "cross the river", and/or fulfill the endeavor or project.
Thus, one can also compare the occurrence (and/or the one) at the center of the matter at hand, to a
carriage that drags, or breaks (slowing) its wheels. According to the circumstances and the time, one
must hold back the movement, and apply brakes on ones (the) strength. However, one should not be
led to "falling asleep", or to be loosing the goal from the sight or mind.
If one will persevere and remain firm, and strong in ones resolve, things will go well at the end. Thus,
good fortune will be arising thanks to being firm and correct, while taking things slowly. The line is in
the center, and even though it is in the wrong place (and/or context) the action(s) that is (are)
occurring thereby becomes correct.
JLK: This is the 2nd line of the lower trigram, the water. Line 2 of hex. 29, the Water (the Danger, the
Liveliness) shows how one is (was, might, or will be) in the middle of danger (liveliness,
incalculableness, difficulties), and how prayers have (had, might, or will have) little to no effect.
Instead of praying, one should make an effort to understand how to resolve things (and/or how things
resolve themselves), and follow-up on it. One must be as thorough and as practical as possible, and
under the presently occurring circumstances this is associated with "dragging" ones wheel, and/or
doing things slowly.
Specific comment
Don't rush things and don't apply too much strength. Take things slowly, one step at the time, without
losing your goals from sight.
~ Profile
Line 2 is strong, but since it is in the wrong place the person depicted by it should proceed slowly and
carefully, following the right courses and thereby bringing matters gradually to completion. Thus (s)he
will attain good fortune.
The results that the individuals depicted by this line achieve will be by no means outstanding, yet they
will be capable and intelligent persons, respected in their chosen professions and in their personal
lives.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be genteel, sincere and reverent in all . his thoughts,
words and deeds. Fate will circumscribe his activities and his achievements, but he will be respected
by others and will have many friends. He will be content with modest accomplishments in both his
profession and his personal life.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a reverent, harmonious and likable person, who
follows the golden mean. He will avoid arguments whenever possible. He will have only modest
achievements, but no shortage of material essentials.
Adjust the speed of your actions to the demands of the times.
Stop to contemplate your situation. Proceed with caution at first, then advance with conviction and do

what is right.
completion, at the beginning, not yet being aware, becoming aware) (as) in (at, for, with) the
One (what occurs) is (was, might, or will be) in a state where things are not yet completed, not
yet finished, and/or not yet remedied, but advancing on, which will bring misfortune, and
result in evil.
The crossing of the water (the accomplishing of an endeavor, or project) is (was, might, or will)
not (be) complete (rounded off).
Thus, to advance or to attack now, might bring misfortune;
Yet to cross the Great stream (to cross the water, or to begin and prepare this, or an endeavor)
is good, and will bring advantage.
JLK: The superior one, being firm and without error, is (was, might, will, or should be)
adapting his timing for what matters to (realize) his goals (objectives). He is (was, might, will,
or should be) adapting (and/or studying) what will lie at the beginning of what must occur, so
that he will be successful until the end, and/or he is (was, might, will, or should be) adapting
(and/or studying) his goals (targets, and/or wishes) to this effect;
He is (was, might, will, or should be) working on his good timing (doing things at the right
time), delaying if necessary, adapting himself (and/or things)."
Gathered sources: It is the time of transition, but one lacks the strength to be completing or finishing
it. Trying to force things, will end in disaster, because one would barely be able to avoid a collapse.
One is in a state where things are not yet completed, finished or remedied. Advancing will bring
misfortune and result in evil: the place of the line is not appropriate for it.
The crossing of the Great stream (Great water, fulfilling an endeavor, or pursuing a goal) is (was,
might, or will) not (be) complete (or completed).
One is (was, had, might, should, or will have) to be crossing the stream, but - yet, under the occurring
circumstances - one is not to advance. Thus, timing is of crucial importance, as completion can only
be furthered if one will cross, or finish adequately, and "cohesively" in (or with) time.
This may sound contradictory. It means that now (under the occurring circumstances) one should wait
a moment - with pursuing ones original endeavor (the original way), while allowing for some change,
or rest - until the circumstances are favorable.
The only way to improve upon the situation is by creating a "new" situation, installing and engaging
energies that will help, or (able and adequate) helpers. In this friendship one must take the decisive
step oneself, this is what is meant by "crossing the Great stream".

"Crossing the Great stream" (fulfilling the endeavor, or project) must be done with Great decisiveness,
in friendship and high moral. This is what will bring or allow wholesome and fortunate completion.
The unfavorable circumstances for the fulfillment of ones (original) goal, is indicated by the
unfavorable position of this weak (yin) line.
General comment
The position of line 3 is such that although matters have partially developed, an incorrect start has
(was, might, or will have) been made. Continuing on the present path would lead to misfortune. It
would be better, and definitely advantageous, to start again, following the correct principles and with
adequate and worthy cooperation from others, by the means of which any enterprise can be
accomplished.
Specific comment
You are not yet ready to go on with your plans. Nothing is worse than to try to do something only to
find out that you or the circumstances were not ready for it. Therefore, at present, take a step back
and prepare yourself more completely for what you're trying to achieve or what you'd like to happen
or wait until the circumstances are right to go on.
~ Profile
A few of these individuals will learn exactly what needs to be done for success, but they will be
hesitant to put their new-found theories into practice. The rest will continue to make mistakes.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will enjoy being led rather than leading. He will avoid decisions
as much as possible, and this quality will keep him from progressing far intellectually. He would find it
an undesirable burden if he were assigned to a high position, but he will gladly follow others, feeling
that this is the path to harmony.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be cunning and deceitful, and will be in constant trouble
with others. As it will be arduous for him to advance, he will not try with any persistence. His home life
will be inharmonious, and he will have very few gains.
If your course is wrong, begin again.
Make necessary corrections and repairs before proceeding. Start again from scratch, if necessary.

4
completion, at the beginning, not yet being aware, becoming aware) (as) in (for, with) the heart
Preparing and beginning (before completion, at the beginning, not yet being aware, becoming
aware) is (was, might, will, or should be) occurring (and/or required) in (by, with, through) the
way of negotiation and trust (the middle-man, the minister, the negotiator, the confidant, the
one who is trusted, ones trustfulness and/or reliability).
Divination, anticipation, and being persevering brings good fortune;

It will cause regrets to vanish or disappear.
Shaking up (energizing oneself and the other, or others) in order to move, attack or invade the
Demon's regions: this brings shock that leads to discipline.
Combating (the country of) the Demons is (was, might, or will be) requiring immense efforts;
But after three years one is (was or will be) able to share Great pieces of land (amongst the
generals and/or leaders in command).
For three years, within a Great realm, many Great blessings are being awarded by the Great
country.
In order to fulfill ones will, full commitment is necessary;

One may be (unable to avoid) experiencing what is like a Great ordeal (or trial)."
JLK: Under the occurring circumstances there is a fight between the forces of good and evil. This will
require immense efforts. If things are done right, there will be great rewards.
On the other hand, evil has a way of luring those who wish to serve the good, to do its tasks.
Therefore, "attacking or invading the demon's regions" also means one has to constantly reassess
what's actually evil, and what's good, and which side one is actually supporting by ones efforts,
otherwise nothing favorable will come about. There is a "tricky" side to demons: they tend to provoke
one to get into fights (conflicts, disputes) that are useless, or without any good cause or outcome.
That's why one has to continuously reassess things. This too, is a way to fight "demons".
The ordeal will be great, and if one is not choosing to serve what's good, or not fully committed to it,
there will be no advantage. In the latter case one will merely be as the demons (being attacked or
invaded by the subject of the commentary).
Gathered sources: This indicates a time of struggle, where one is (to be) physically and spiritually
stirring up people and their organizations, or systems, with violence, vigor and shock. It is the time
where transition has to be completed (which might demand a lot of strength and righteousness). As
the enemy or opposition is fierce, as it is indicated by the fact that one is attacking or moving the
"demon's regions", it is of major importance to break the opponent's will to pursue the anger, breaking
its uncontrolled decadence or bad will and spirit. The endeavor or campaign will take a long time
(and/or will be substantial), but the struggle might be bringing rewards at the end, or at completion.
In a general way, this is the time to lay the foundation to ones power, strength, and capacity to
anticipate and to be persevering in the future.
Firm correctness and virtue will lead to good fortune, and cause for regrets or repentance disappears:
ones aims and goals are (or will be) attained (realized) and carried into effect.

JLK: This is the 1st line of the lower trigram, the fire. The 4th line of hex. 30, the Fire (the Illuminating,
that which Sticks and Exhausts), shows the image of a fire "abruptly dying down". It may hold the
message that what occurs will not last long, or it may offer the idea that it is necessary to inspect
(clarify) if what one does will leave good things behind one, or not. In the first case the "fire" (of
whatever one wishes it to denote) will last, in the latter it will die down fast.
General comment
Line 4 is at the bottom of the trigram Li, the Fire (illumination, clarity) and the person this line depicts
sees (or should see) what needs to be done and begin to do it. [JLK: This may be right, or not,
depending on the context, and timing - there should be a certain maturity and trustworthiness.] The
experience of line 3 enables the person to follow correct principles and this brings good fortune.
Hence, any regrets over the course he has chosen will disappear.
There must be measure carried out corrective measures as well as progressive ones. This is never
simple, and requires great personal courage, impartiality and persistence. In due course, efforts will
be successful, and rewards will be bestowed.
The advice is to be fully committed to your goal. The opposition you may encounter can be fierce.
Nevertheless you must aim to break any occurring anger or bad will (with your partner or yourself).
This should be done with strength and love. Don't forget that love is the strongest power of all, and
that in the end it is capable of overcoming any obstacle.
~ Profile
Line 4 is at the bottom of the trigram Li, the Fire (illumination, clarity) and persons born under this line
see what needs to be done and begin to do it. The experience of line 3 enables them to follow correct
principles and this brings good fortune. Hence, any regrets over the course they have chosen will
disappear. These persons are more advanced (in terms of karma) than those born under line 3.
Consequently, they must carry out corrective measures as well as progressive ones. This is never
simple, and requires great personal courage, impartiality and persistence. In due course, their efforts
will be successful, and rewards will be bestowed on them.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will start life in modest circumstances. He will obtain a good
education, and will strive constantly to improve himself, both personally and professionally. His
persistence will be rewarded by appointment to a high and influential position late in life. He will then
be favored by the leader. His home life will be the envy of others.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will be in a position where he is responsible for making
corrections and reforms. He will cherish what is right and good. He will receive help from his
superiors, and his strongest desires will eventually be fulfilled.
When you see something which needs to be done, do it.
What you desire will come about, if you pursue your goal humbly and with righteous persistence.

5
completion, at the beginning, not yet being aware, becoming aware) (as) in (for, with) the

advantage.
Persisting in being firm is (was, might, or will be) bringing good fortune.
No regrets.
Ones brilliance is (was, might, will, or should be) shining significantly and faithfully like that of
a superior one, possessing sincerity and virtue.
The light of the superior man is (was, might, will, or should be) true.
Thus there is (was, might, or will be) good fortune.
JLK: The superior one is (was, might, will, or should be) having the right foundation (basis,
and/or what is required) for shining his light. When called for it, he will shine.
If one is (was, might, or will be) lacking the required brilliance (clarity, and/or energy), then
there are (were, might, or will be) difficulties."
JLK: The occurrence of this line indicates that persisting in being firm concerning the matter at hand is
in accordance with what is truthful and right. Still, even being right, this line may also hold the advice
that one has to make sure that one is (was, might, or will be) truthful and/or righteous in all ones
actions, in every way possible, so that ones brilliance can shine in a way that is truly superior, and
unhampered.
In a different context, this line may hold the understanding that on the condition of one being firm in
what is right and just, then ones brilliance is (was, might, will, or should be) shining significantly and
faithfully.
Alternatively, this line may hold the advice to make sure to use the most brilliant and righteous
strategies and methods possible, to solve the matter at hand.
Conversely and/or additionally, for some cases, it may demand to question ones capacity to manifest
the brilliance (clarity, truthfulness, credibility, and/or impressiveness) that will be required, which works
in both directions. Not only does one have to be brilliant (and credible) in a way that can't be doubted,
others have to be able to receive this and put it to good use. Under the occurring circumstances,
there may be an issue on either or both sides of the spectrum.
Even for the superior one, while there will (still) be good fortune there will be some difficulties and/or
exhaustion, due to the demands of the task at hand and/or the occurring circumstances.
Gathered sources: This line indicates a situation where victory has been won. Strength and firmness
have not failed. All has gone well, and all misgivings are overcome.
The light of a superior personality shines forth anew and makes its influence felt among men who
(will) have faith in it, and who are, or will be rallying and gathering around it.
The light and diffusion of the brilliance and brightness like that of a superior one tends to good

fortune. The superior one (furthermore) has the good habit of sharing his fortune with the people (the
crowds, the others). This is (was, might, or will be) bringing, and tending to (even) more fortune.
Thus, this is like the arrival of a new time, accompanied of good fortune. Like sun shining after rain, or
like a forest growing new greens after a big fire, this new era appears all the more glorious and
beautiful compared to the the misery of the old.
General comment
Even though this line is a weak (yin) line, there are several aspects favoring it. It is the ruler of the
hexagram, and the center of the trigram Li (the fire, the brilliance, the enlightening). The inner
hexagram is hex. 63, Finishing and Completing (At the End, Being Aware) where all the lines are in
their proper places. In that hexagram the ruler is line 2, because it is the proper correlate of the strong
line 5. Line 2 of the inner hexagram is also the center line of the trigram Li.
Thus, even though line 5 here is weak, the person depicted by this line has support and can advance
persistently, making no major errors.
Being the heart of the fire (the brilliance, the enlightening) above, and supported by the heart of the
fire inwardly, makes the person's light lustrous and true. When one's inner light is true, external
blessings follow, and that is what transpires here.
Let the most beautiful side of yourself prevail. Its beauty will shine and conquer all by itself.
~ Profile
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a great administrator, selecting highly qualified people
to support his enterprises, and assigning appropriate responsibilities within just and acceptable limits.
He will win the confidence and support of the people. He will achieve a reputation through his
ordinances and writings, and will have a highly favorable life in all respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a person of noble character and shining virtue.
The omens are highly favorable for a business or professional career. He will be able to make large
profits as well as promote and develop his enterprise. He will have a good family life as well.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be a great administrator, selecting highly qualified people
to support his enterprises, and assigning appropriate responsibilities within just and acceptable limits.
He will win the confidence and support of the people. He will achieve a reputation through his
ordinances and writings, and will have a highly favorable life in all respects.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He also will be a person of noble character and shining virtue.
The omens are highly favorable for a business or professional career. He will be able to make large
profits as well as promote and develop his enterprise. He will have a good family life as well.
Develop clarity, and let your inner light shine forth.

Your intuition will tell you what is right for you today. Follow your hunches.
completion, at the beginning, not yet being aware, becoming aware) (as) in (for, with) the head
Confidence reposes in him. One (what occurs is (was, might, will, or should be) feasting
without excessive indulgence. If he allows his head to get wet, he forfeits this trust.
One is (was, might, will, or should be) full of confidence, or success, and is (was, might, or will
be) as drinking wine, or in high spirits, thus increasing the confidence, or causing dispersal
and relaxation of ones energies, and stresses, feasting or enjoying quietly.
If there is (was, might, or will be) genuineness in the confidence, then, there will be no blame;
No error or mistake.
Those, who hold the trust and the faith of the people, and who by consequence are full of self
confidence, may allow themselves some relief and satisfaction.
But if one will let things go too far, or if one will allow ones head to become wet or immersed
(which would be indicating liveliness, and dangerous, incalculable, or unknown influences), or
if one will allow oneself to be as "immersing", or "drowning", one might come to loosen things
(the head), and ones (self-) control, as well as the trust given by the people, gaining some
(personal) confidence on one hand, but losing ones sense of reality, or contact with the outer
world, on the other.
If one will allow ones head (as) to be immersed (in the wine, the pleasure) one might fail doing
what is right; Adequately and in time."
Gathered sources: Those "in whom the people has put their trust and confidence", can certainly be
allowed to some satisfaction and relief. But if one will allow "ones head (or hair) to get wet", one will
lose their faith. (One may be allowed to enjoy ones wealth, or joy, but one should not let things go to
the point of losing the trust and confidence of others, or oneself).
One should apply some self-control and restraint, all while allowing a reasonable degree of relaxation.
One is (was, might, or will be) like under the influence of wine, or drinking it, gaining confidence
thanks to the intoxication, but this also causes a loss of sense of reality. At the same time this is (was,
might, or will be) capable of bringing one into a state of openness, "silently enduring" (or joyfully),
which will allow to be sensitive to deeper levels of ones consciousness, as well as to the deeper
images, bonds and ties that connect everything in the Universe. This enhances anticipation on a more
emotional and spiritual level, and rises ones awareness of the cyclic nature of things, the beauty of
birth and rebirth, and so on, but might also cause one to be overwhelmed, carrying on beyond ones
purpose, which will make one lose time. It is this type of (the rising of ones) awareness that probably
causes that which is depicted in this line (which is the last line of the last hexagram in the cycle of Fa
Wen).

Thus, one might be at risk of letting relaxation, release or intoxication get too far, or not to be knowing
how to be holding or submitting to the proper regulations which makes one end up, and appear as
with a "wet head". This might cause one to be loosing the respect of others, including that of oneself.
That is why it is advised to be maintaining a certain amount of self-control.
JLK: In a general way, this line may hold the advice this is a time to "take it easy", in either way.
Neither overdo, nor pass on a good opportunity to have some (relatively) harmless joy in life.
General comment
This being line 6 indicates that something great is about to be undertaken. Confidence and trust are
reposed in the one who will undertake the task. The people are gay and festive within due limits, while
waiting for the new situation to come into being. If he gets his head wet, i.e. if he does not exercise
inner strength, wisdom and prudence, and follow the right courses, then he is bound to forfeit the trust
reposed in him.
~ Profile
Some of these persons will have the ability and strength of character to carry out their responsibilities,
while others will be weak and will succumb to the temptations present in high positions.
Most auspicious (in the best case): He will be knowledgeable, talented, wise, courageous and
practical, and will even possess the ability to save his country from disaster if necessary. His path and
activities will be ordained and blessed by Heaven, and he will attain merited fame and fortune.
Least auspicious (in the worst case): He will rise to a high position, but will be morally and spiritually
weak. He will be self-seeking, and will over-indulge in sensual pleasures. He may even become
totally degenerate, and he will gradually be shunned by his peers, his friends and his family.
Life is what you make it.
Whenever a task has been satisfactorily completed it is right to enjoy the accomplishment within due
limits. Be careful not to go to excesses.

Appendix I - Overview of Yin-Yang and the trigrams
the light / Heaven - yang, the male, what is great, the light, the creative, the shaping, the active, the
strength, the filling, the enforcing, the sun, the logical, the top, the warmth, the hard, the head, the
father
the earth / the dark - yin, the female, what is small, the darkness, the reproducing, the shapeable,
the passive, the weakness, the receptive, the yielding, the earth / the moon, the intuitive, the bottom,
the cold, the soft, the belly, the mother
the thunder - the arousal, the shock, the ignition, the movement, the consequences, the foot, the 1st
(or oldest) son
the mountain - the immobile, the stillness, stilled, the rest, to stop, to be stopped, the inaction, the
rigidity, to be stacked up and accumulated, to grow tough and/or strong, to be pushed around, the
information (like DNA), the house, the hand(s), the 3rd (or youngest) son
the wood / the wind - the softly penetrating and organizing, the spreading (multiplying), reaching out,
the confusion, what is gentle yet organizing, the organism, the word(s), the structure, the system, the
legislation, the justice system, the (organization of) society, the experiencing, false advertising,
banners, propaganda, screens, a curtain hiding the view, plants, trees, the thighs, the 1st (or oldest)
daughter
the ocean - the exchange, the wealth, the joy, the pleasure, the joy and sadness, the filling and
opening, the fullness and the openness, the stimulating cheerfulness and persuasiveness, the
refinement, the decadence, the fertility, the swamp (the marsh), the mouth, the 3rd (or youngest)
daughter
the water - the river, the stream, peril, the difficulties, the danger, the incalculable, that which is
considered beyond the possible, what is lively and incalculable like water, liveliness, the original (and
incalculable), the memory (of life), the traces, the pit, the abyss, the ear(s), the 2nd (or middle) son
the fire - the illuminating, that which sticks and exhausts, the radiance, the brightness, the clarifying,
the projection, the picture, the enlightenment, the warmth, the heat, the exhausting brightness or
pain, the ambiguity of reality, the cosmic mean, the spreading (projecting) and dividing, the cutting,
the knife, activating or draining of energy, the eye(s), the 2nd (or middle) daughter
Note: Associations of trigrams, directions, seasons, and time of day, depend on the Early or Late
Heaven sequence being used. See p. i-30.

Appendix II - Trigrams and color associations
trigram / element color description - citation source
secondary association
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the light white like the (actual) color of sunlight - JLK
the creative midnight blue like the deep blue of the sky [at night]
- Shuo Kua, ch. III
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the earth black like intensified darkness - Shuo Kua, ch. III
the earth's soil pale-yellow / beige hex. 2, line 5

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the thunder dark-yellow like bamboo that is [yellow/] green and young
like a mixture of the dark Heaven and the
yellow earth - Shuo Kua, ch. III
light-yellow like the spark of an ignition or a bolt of

lightning - JLK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the mountain purple like a mountain partly in the light, and partly
in shadows - JLK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the wood green like the green of leaves - JLK
the wind gray-white like gray-white clouds - JLK

like gray smoke - JLK
like gray-white hairs - Shuo Kua, ch. III
like when showing too much white of the eye
- Shuo Kua, ch. III
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the ocean blue like the bright or deep blue water of an ocean
on a clear day
like the deep purple-green-blue water of an
ocean on a cloudy day - JLK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the water dark-red like liquid blood [which is dark-red when in
the veins - JLK] - Shuo Kua, ch. III
transparent (no color) like what is invisible, but to be reckoned with

- JLK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the fire orange-yellow-red like the color of the rising sun (with
atmospheric interference)
like orange-red-hot metal
like drying blood [which is bright-red when
in open air] - JLK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
These color associations are based on the text of the Ten Wings (mainly the Shuo Kua, chapter III),
as well as personal insight and synthesis of gathered sources (where the Shuo Kua omits certain
details). One can find other sources that present various different ways the trigrams can be
associated with specific colors. However, many of these versions don't reflect what is presented in the
Ten Wings, or only partly.

Note that for 5-elements / 5 stages of change and Feng Shui practice the color associations of the 5-
elements show some variations of those given above (e.g. water is associated with black, the ocean
is associated with black or grey, while water is associated with blue, and other variations).
As far as establishing strict associations between trigrams, colors, pitch, or anything else is
concerned, the following quote from the Dao De Jing will be highly relevant:
"The five colors make man's eyes blind, the five notes make his ears deaf, the five tastes injure his
palate, riding and hunting make his mind go wild with excitement, goods hard to come by serve to
hinder his progress, thus the sage is for the belly not for the eye, so he takes one and discards the
other."
Note that all elements as identified by the trigrams can take on any color that is part of the color
spectrum. Thus, "Heaven", i.e. the sky, can look pink or bright-red at sunrise, light-blue during the day,
gray or black during a thunderstorm, deep-red at sunset, or deep-dark-blue at night. This also
depends on how one defines "Heaven". The most recent research on the actual color of "space" (the
universe, "Heaven") shows it to be beige (not pale turquoise, as was believed before), i.e. the color
that is associated with the earth in the Yi Jing! Therefore, the more correct association for the trigram
of the light, is with the actual light of (active) stars, such as our sun, which means that ultimately, for
humans the color of light is (experienced as) white.
Similarly, trees and plants can be mostly green, but can also carry the most diverse colors, from
orange to dark-brown and/or gray that can be observed in the trunks/stems, to any color of the
spectrum seen in the flowers. Smoke (wind) can take on any color, especially when artificially colored,
or due to the play of light. The same is true for water, and any of the other elements ("stages of
change"). Therefore, one should not limit oneself to one-color associations (strictly). The color and
pitch associations (above and below) should serve as a starting point for identifying the elements
("stages of change") and their manifold manifestations, and should be used for exploring things in a
conceptually corresponding yet flexible and creative way.

Appendix III - Trigrams and musical associations
The associations below between trigrams and their musical correspondences is based on personal
insight. It is devised based on the idea of following a trigram sequence that corresponds with the
order that a family comes into existence: Father, Mother, the 1st (or oldest) Son, the 1st (or oldest)
Daughter, the 2nd (or middle) Son, the 2nd (or middle) Daughter, the 3rd (or youngest) Son, the 3rd
(or youngest) Daughter, which results in the trigram order given below. This order was then
associated with the positions of the overtone harmonics, while skipping notes when doubled in
octaves, and varying tonica-dominant-subdominant and triad relationships to appropriately
compensate for the yin / yang progression.
trigram / element scale degree, position in a diatonic scale (or in a chord),

shorthand scale degree (Roman numerals),
Latin note-name (as relative, not absolute pitch)
scale mode
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the light the tonica, unison / the 1st (or 12th), I, Do, Ionian
the earth the dominant, the 5th, V, Sol, Mixolydian
the thunder the subdominant, the 4th (or 11th), IV, Fa, Lydian
alt: the #11, IV#, Fa(#), Locrian (major scale of V, leading to V)
the wood / the wind the submediant, the 6th (or 13th), VI, La, Aeolian
alt: the b6th (or b13th), VI(b), La(b), Lydian augmented
(melodic-minor scale of IV, leading to IVm, V, or VIm)
the water the mediant, the 3rd, III, Mi, Phrygian
the fire the subtonic, the b7th, VII(b), Si(b),

Mixolydian (major scale of IV, leading to IV)
the mountain the supertonic, the 2nd (or 9th), II, Re, Dorian
the ocean the leading tone, the maj7th, VII, Si, Locrian
In order to aptly capture the musical "mood" of a hexagram, choose a tonica (basis tonality), then use
the lower trigram assigning the scale degree (Roman numeral) to the bass note, with the upper
trigram assigning its scale degree to an appropriate diatonic/modal triad (i.e. to the Roman numeral
diatonic/modal triad).
There are numerous creative ways to use these associations. One of them is to use non-western
scale modes based on the given scale degrees.

Appendix IV - Geographical areas
As covered by the Zhouyi:
West - the Zhou vassalage of the Shang Tyrant

South - "Friendly" to the Zhou
East - the Yi tribe
North - the Shang Empire
So, by implication in the Zhouyi, when 'direction' is important to answering a question, then South and
East are symbolic of allies (hex. 8), and Northerly directions indicate adversaries.

Appendix V - Bibliography
Yi Jing works
English:
* Richard Wilhelm / Cary. F. Baynes, "The I Ching - or book of changes."

Pub.: Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA.
* Wu Jing-Nuan, "Yi Jing."

(English translation of the "site of Yin" texts incised on bones. Includes the text in
Chinese).
Pub.: University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
* Edward L. Shaughnessy, "I Ching - The Classic Of Changes"

(The first English translation of the Mawangdui texts. Includes the text in Chinese).
Pub: Ballantine publishing.
* W.K. Chu / W. Sherill, "The Astrology of I Ching"

Pub: Arkana Penguin Books
* Wang Bi / Richard J. Lynn, "The classic of changes - I Ching."

Pub: Columbia University Press, New York, USA.
* James Legge, "The I Ching - The Book of Changes"
* Rudolf Ritsema / Stephen Karcher, "I Ching - the classic Chinese oracle of change - complete
translation with concordance".
Pub.: Elements Books inc. Dorset, Great Britain.
* Hua - Ching Ni, "I Ching - The book of Changes and the Unchanging Truth."
Pub.: Sevenstar Communications Group, Inc. Santa Monica, USA.
* Martin Palmer / Jay Ramsay / Zhao Xiaomin, "I Ching - The Shamanic Oracle of Change."
Pub.: Thornsons, San Fransisco, USA / London, Great Britain.
* Mondo Secter, "I Ching clarified."

Pub.: Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc.; Tokyo, Japan.
* Lama Anagarika Govinda, "The Inner Structure of the I Ching - The Book of Transformations."
Pub.: Wheelwright Press, San Fransico, U.S.A.
* Myles Seabrook, "Twelve Channels of the I Ching - ancient divination for the 21st century."
Pub.: Blandford, London, Great Britain.
* R.G.H. Siu, "The Portable Dragon - The western man's guide to the I Ching."
Pub.: MIT Press, Massasuchets Institute of Technology, Camb/Mass/London, Great
Britain.
* Tuck Chang, A.E. Langdon, M. Rouki, "Unveiling The Mystery of the I Ching"
http://www.iching123.com/index.htm

French:
* Richard Wilhelm / Etienne Perrot, "Yi King - le livre des transformations."

Pub.: Librairie de Medicis, Paris, France.
* Greg Whinecup, "Yi - King au quotidien." (transl. from: "Rediscovering the I Ching)"
Pub.: Presses Pocket, France.
* Bernard Ducourant, "ABC du Yi - King."

Pub.: Jacques Grancher, Paris, France.
* Ezechiel Saad, "Yi King - l'oracle chinois - mythe et histoire."

Pub.: Sophora, Paris, France. / Bruxelles, Belgique.
* Guy Damian-Knight / Rgis Hautbrion, "le Yi King des Managers."

(transl. from "the I Ching on Business and Decision-Making".)
Pub.: Libraire de Medicis, Paris, France.
Dutch:
* Richard Wilhelm / A. Hochberg - van Wallinga, "I Tjing - het Boek der Veranderingen."
Pub.: Ankh Hermes, Deventer, Holland.
* drs. Herman Cohen, "I Ching - het Boek der Veranderingen." (pocket edition)
Pub. Bert Bakker, Den Haag, Holland.
* Tom Riseman / Gerard Grasman, "I Tjing"

(transl. from: "Introduction to the I Tjing")
Pub.: Omega boek B.V., Amsterdam, Holland.
* Dr. Joseph Murphy / Gerard Grasman, "Geheimen van de I Tjing."

(transl. of: "Secrets of the I Ching")
Pub.: J.H. Gottmer/H.J.W. Becht bv., Bloemendaal, Holland.
* Han Boering, "Handboek I Tjing."

Pub.: Servire Uitgevers bv., Utrecht, Holland.
Yi Jing related literature
* Katya Walters, "The Tao of Chaos"

Pub.: Kairos Center, USA
* Johnson F. Yan, Ph.D., "DNA and the I Ching, The Tao of Life."
Pub.: North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, California, USA.

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler

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Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler

Nourishment from the Associated Well

Jean Louis Knapper

"Colorful Chinese Dragon" cover artwork by wiangya, via stock.adobe.com

All other artwork, including Yi Jing icons, by Jean Louis Knapper

Visit my (temporary) website at https://noisylife.pagesperso-orange.fr/yi-spirit/index.htm ,

Hexagrams Index p. i-3

Hexagram Chart p. i-5

Inner Hexagrams Chart p. i-5

Technical use issues

Methods for consulting the Yi Jing p. i-11

Protocol for consulting the Yi Jing p. i-11

Casting a reading with coins p. i-13

Casting a reading with the Yi Jing sticks p. i-15

Casting a reading with the Yarrow Stalks p. i-16

Casting a reading with a computer p. i-16

Type of hexagrams p. i-16

General remarks about the text p. i-17

The Names p. i-19

Theme description p. i-19

The "Image" p. i-20

The "Judgment" p. i-20

The "superior one" p. i-21

The "Great Man" p. i-21

The Lines p. i-22

Profile, most / least auspicious, special note, special indication p. i-23

"Wildcard" comments p. i-23

About male vs female p. i-24

About "yes" and "no" p. i-26

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-1

How accurate are the answers of the Yi Jing? p. i-27

Yi Jing as a manifestation of synchronicity p. i-28

An example for how to use the Yi Jing for divination p. i-29

Early Heaven and Later Heaven sequences p. i-30

Sequence of Earlier Heaven, or Primal Arrangement - Fu Xi (Fu Hsi) p. i-30

Sequence of Later Heaven, or Inner-World Arrangement - Fa Wen p. i-31

5-Elements Cycle / The 5 Stages of Change p. i-32

Chinese Art p. i-33

Hexagrams Index p. i-3

Appendix I - Overview of Yin-Yang and the trigrams p. 952

Appendix II - Trigrams and color associations p. 953

Appendix III - Trigrams and musical associations p. 955

Appendix IV - Geographical areas p. 956

Appendix V - Bibliography p. 957

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-2

Hex. 1, the Light (the Creative, the Active) - Qian (Ch'ien) p. 1

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-3

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-4

Inner Hexagrams Chart

Inner hexagram < hexagrams with inner hexagram

01 < 01, 28, 43, 44

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-5

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-6

For The Spiritual Traveler

"We're not humans having a spiritual experience,

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-7

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-8

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-9

Always in the Dao.

Yi Jing For The Spiritual Traveler - Index and Introduction - i-10

Methods for consulting the Yi Jing

2. The Yi Jing as a system for Chinese Astrology, and related calanders.

Protocol for consulting the Yi Jing

head + head + head =3+3+3 =9 = strong (changing) yang = 0