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Power Flow Optimation
Power Flow Optimation
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
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Optimal Power Flow (OPF) with different Objective Function based on modern heuristic Objective Function
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Optimal Power Flow (OPF) with different Objective Function based on modern heuristic Objective Function
They are easy to combine with techniques to hybrid systems adding the strengths of
each single technique.
In general, the modern heuristic optimization techniques are continuously developed
further for other application in different power system optimization [4, 5, 6, 7, 8].
1.2 Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) or Reactive Power
Optimization (RPO)
Optimal Power Flow is an optimization tool used to schedule the control parameters
of power system in such a manner that the Objective Function is minimized or maximized
[9]. The Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch and Reactive Power Optimization have the same
meaning. They are a sub-problem of Optimal Power Flow. ORPD or RPO is one of the
important tasks in the operation and control of power system. It is re-distribution and
controlling the reactive power source associated with minimize the Objective Function. This
goal is achieved by proper adjustment of the reactive power variables like generators voltage
magnitude, transformers tap changing and shunt injection capacitances which are the sources
of reactive power in the power system. The Objective Function can be either the active power
losses or voltage deviation or voltage stability etc. The theory and the optimization
techniques that are used in Optimal Power Flow are also used in Reactive Power
Optimization with the same details. The only difference between OPF and RPO is according
to the control variables. RPO use the control variables that directly related and control the
reactive power dispatch such as the generators voltage magnitude, transformer taps changing
and shunt injection capacitances while OPF use the same control variables that used in RPO
with the addition of generators active power at PU buses. The Objective Function for OPF
and RPO is the same but in most applications of power system, the Objective Function in
RPO are the power losses or voltage deviation or voltage stability or multi of them while the
main Objective Function in OPF is the fuel cost with the addition of the Objective Function
of RPO [10, 11, 12].
Increasing the complexity of power systems, the continuous high loading of network
components and abnormal operating conditions make the optimal reactive power and voltage
control of power system are necessary and very important.
It is important to mention that RPO or ORPD affect the security and economically
operation of the power system. It is clear that RPO or ORPD improve the system voltage
profile, minimize system losses and increasing the voltage stability margin which affect and
control the security margin [13, 14, 15, 16].
Although the reactive power generation itself has no directly affect on the Fuel Cost
($/h) because the Fuel Cost is a function of the generator active power but optimization the
reactive power with its control variables reduce the Fuel Cost as Objective Function by little
percentage [17].
1.3 Economic dispatch (ED)
The basic objective of economic power dispatch of electric power generation is to
determines the optimal real power outputs for the generating units so as to meet the load
demand at minimum operating fuel cost while satisfying all unit and system equality and
inequality constraints [18, 19].