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11 Chemistry Exemplar Chapter 6 PDF
11 Chemistry Exemplar Chapter 6 PDF
11 Chemistry Exemplar Chapter 6 PDF
THERMODYNAMICS
6
I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I)
1. Thermodynamics is not concerned about______.
(i) energy changes involved in a chemical reaction.
(ii) the extent to which a chemical reaction proceeds.
(iii) the rate at which a reaction proceeds.
(iv) the feasibility of a chemical reaction.
4. The volume of gas is reduced to half from its original volume. The specific
heat will be ______.
(i) reduce to half
(ii) be doubled
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(iii) remain constant
(iv) increase four times
13
(ii) C4H10(g) + O (g) ⎯→ 4CO2 (g) + 5H2O (g) Δ cH = –1329.0 kJ mol–1
2 2
13
O (g) ⎯→ 4CO2 (g) + 5H2O (l ) Δ cH = –2658.0 kJ mol
–1
(iii) C4H10(g) +
2 2
13
(iv) C4H10 (g) + O (g) ⎯→ 4CO2 (g) + 5H2O (l ) Δ cH = +2658.0 kJ mol–1
2 2
V
6. Δf U of formation of CH4 (g) at certain temperature is –393 kJ mol–1. The
value of Δ f H V is
(i) zero
(ii) < Δf U V
(iii) > Δf U V
V
(iv) equal to Δf U
8. The pressure-volume work for an ideal gas can be calculated by using the
Vf
expression w = − ∫ pex dV . The work can also be calculated from the pV– plot
Vi
by using the area under the curve within the specified limits. When an ideal
gas is compressed (a) reversibly or (b) irreversibly from volume Vi to Vf . choose
the correct option.
(i) w (reversible) = w (irreversible)
(ii) w (reversible) < w (irreversible)
(iii) w (reversible) > w (irreversible)
(iv) w (reversible) = w (irreversible) + pex.ΔV
69 Thermodynamics
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qrev
9. The entropy change can be calculated by using the expression ΔS = .
T
When water freezes in a glass beaker, choose the correct statement amongst
the following :
(i) ΔS (system) decreases but ΔS (surroundings) remains the same.
(ii) ΔS (system) increases but ΔS (surroundings) decreases.
(iii) ΔS (system) decreases but ΔS (surroundings) increases.
(iv) ΔS (system) decreases and ΔS (surroundings) also decreases.
10. On the basis of thermochemical equations (a), (b) and (c), find out which of the
algebric relationships given in options (i) to (iv) is correct.
1
O (g) ⎯→ CO (g) ; Δr H = y kJ mol
–1
(b) C (graphite) +
2 2
1
(c) CO (g) + O (g) ⎯→ CO2 (g) ; Δr H = z kJ mol –1
2 2
(i) z=x+ y
(ii) x=y –z
(iii) x= y +z
(iv) y = 2z – x
11. Consider the reactions given below. On the basis of these reactions find out
which of the algebric relations given in options (i) to (iv) is correct?
12. The enthalpies of elements in their standard states are taken as zero. The
enthalpy of formation of a compound
(i) is always negative
(ii) is always positive
(iii) may be positive or negative
(iv) is never negative
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13. Enthalpy of sublimation of a substance is equal to
(i) enthalpy of fusion + enthalpy of vapourisation
(ii) enthalpy of fusion
(iii) enthalpy of vapourisation
(iv) twice the enthalpy of vapourisation
14. Which of the following is not correct?
(i) ΔG is zero for a reversible reaction
(ii) ΔG is positive for a spontaneous reaction
(iii) ΔG is negative for a spontaneous reaction
(iv) ΔG is positive for a non-spontaneous reaction
17. The spontaneity means, having the potential to proceed without the assistance
of external agency. The processes which occur spontaneously are
(i) flow of heat from colder to warmer body.
(ii) gas in a container contracting into one corner.
(iii) gas expanding to fill the available volume.
(iv) burning carbon in oxygen to give carbon dioxide.
18. For an ideal gas, the work of reversible expansion under isothermal condition
Vf
can be calculated by using the expression w = – nRT ln V
i
71 Thermodynamics
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A sample containing 1.0 mol of an ideal gas is expanded isothermally and
reversibly to ten times of its original volume, in two separate experiments.
The expansion is carried out at 300 K and at 600 K respectively. Choose the
correct option.
(i) Work done at 600 K is 20 times the work done at 300 K.
(ii) Work done at 300 K is twice the work done at 600 K.
(iii) Work done at 600 K is twice the work done at 300 K.
(iv) ΔU = 0 in both cases.
19. Consider the following reaction between zinc and oxygen and choose the correct
options out of the options given below :
2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) ⎯→ 2 ZnO (s) ; ΔH = – 693.8 kJ mol–1
(i) The enthalpy of two moles of ZnO is less than the total enthalpy of two
moles of Zn and one mole of oxygen by 693.8 kJ.
(ii) The enthalpy of two moles of ZnO is more than the total enthalpy of two
moles of Zn and one mole of oxygen by 693.8 kJ.
(iii) 693.8 kJ mol–1 energy is evolved in the reaction.
(iv) 693.8 kJ mol–1 energy is absorbed in the reaction.
21. One mole of acetone requires less heat to vapourise than 1 mol of water. Which
of the two liquids has higher enthalpy of vapourisation?
V
22. Standard molar enthalpy of formation, Δf H is just a special case of enthalpy
of reaction, Δ r HV. Is the Δr H V for the following reaction same as Δf HV? Give
reason for your answer.
V
CaO(s) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s); Δ f H = –178.3 kJ mol
–1
23. The value of Δf HV for NH3 is – 91.8 kJ mol–1. Calculate enthalpy change for the
following reaction :
2NH3(g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g)
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26. Use the following data to calculate Δ lattice HV for NaBr.
Δsub HV for sodium metal = 108.4 kJ mol–1
–1
Ionization enthalpy of sodium = 496 kJ mol
Electron gain enthalpy of bromine = – 325 kJ mol–1
Bond dissociation enthalpy of bromine = 192 kJ mol–1
Δf HV for NaBr (s) = – 360.1 kJ mol–1
27. Given that ΔH = 0 for mixing of two gases. Explain whether the diffusion of these
gases into each other in a closed container is a spontaneous process or not?
28. Heat has randomising influence on a system and temperature is the measure
of average chaotic motion of particles in the system. Write the mathematical
relation which relates these three parameters.
30. At 298 K. Kp for the reaction N2O4 (g) U 2NO2 (g) is 0.98. Predict whether the
reaction is spontaneous or not.
31. A sample of 1.0 mol of a monoatomic ideal gas is taken through a cyclic
process of expansion and compression as shown in Fig. 6.1. What will be the
value of ΔH for the cycle as a whole?
Fig. : 6.1
32. The standard molar entropy of H2O (l ) is 70 J K –1 mol–1. Will the standard
molar entropy of H 2O(s) be more, or less than 70 J K–1 mol–1?
33. Identify the state functions and path functions out of the following :
enthalpy, entropy, heat, temperature, work, free energy.
34. The molar enthalpy of vapourisation of acetone is less than that of water. Why?
73 Thermodynamics
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37. Although heat is a path function but heat absorbed by the system under
certain specific conditions is independent of path. What are those conditions?
Explain.
38. Expansion of a gas in vacuum is called free expansion. Calculate the work
done and the change in internal energy when 1 litre of ideal gas expands
isothermally into vacuum until its total volume is 5 litre?
39. Heat capacity (Cp ) is an extensive property but specific heat (c) is an intensive
property. What will be the relation between C p and c for 1 mol of water?
40. The difference between CP and C V can be derived using the empirical relation
H = U + pV. Calculate the difference between CP and CV for 10 moles of an ideal gas.
41. If the combustion of 1g of graphite produces 20.7 kJ of heat, what will be
molar enthalpy change? Give the significance of sign also.
42. The net enthalpy change of a reaction is the amount of energy required to
break all the bonds in reactant molecules minus amount of energy required
to form all the bonds in the product molecules. What will be the enthalpy
change for the following reaction.
H 2(g) + Br2(g) → 2HBr(g)
–1 –1
Given that Bond energy of H2, Br2 and HBr is 435 kJ mol , 192 kJ mol and
368 kJ mol –1 respectively.
–1
43. The enthalpy of vapourisation of CCl 4 is 30.5 kJ mol . Calculate the heat
required for the vapourisation of 284 g of CCl 4 at constant pressure. (Molar
mass of CCl 4 = 154 g mol –1).
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48. Enthalpy diagram for a particular reaction is
given in Fig. 6.3. Is it possible to decide
spontaneity of a reaction from given diagram.
Explain.
49. 1 . 0 m o l o f a m o no a t o m i c i d e a l g a s i s
expanded from state (1) to state (2) as shown in
Fig. 6.4. Calculate the work done for the expansion
of gas from state (1) to state (2) at 298 K.
A B
(i) Adiabatic process (a) Heat
(ii) Isolated system (b) At constant volume
(iii) Isothermal change (c) First law of thermodynamics
(iv) Path function (d) No exchange of energy and matter
(v) State function (e) No transfer of heat
(vi) ΔU = q (f) Constant temperature
(vii) Law of conservation of energy (g) Internal energy
(viii) Reversible process (h) pext = 0
(ix) Free expansion (i) At constant pressure
(x) ΔH = q (j) Infinitely slow process which
proceeds through a series of
equilibrium states.
(xi) Intensive property (k) Entropy
(xii) Extensive property (l) Pressure
(m) Specific heat
75 Thermodynamics
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52. Match the following processes with entropy change:
Reaction Entropy change
(i) A liquid vapourises (a) ΔS = 0
(ii) Reaction is non-spontaneous (b) ΔS = positive
at all temperatures and ΔH
is positive
(iii) Reversible expansion of an (c) ΔS = negative
ideal gas
Δ (Parameters) Description
V V V
Δr H Δr S Δr G
ΔH va p
(iv) ΔU in adiabatic expansion (d) Tb
of ideal gas
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56. Assertion (A) : Spontaneous process is an irreversible process and may be
reversed by some external agency.
Reason (R) : Decrease in enthalpy is a contributory factor for spontaneity.
(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.
59. Extensive properties depend on the quantity of matter but intensive properties
do not. Explain whether the following properties are extensive or intensive.
Mass, internal energy, pressure, heat capacity, molar heat capacity, density,
mole fraction, specific heat, temperature and molarity.
60. The lattice enthalpy of an ionic compound is the enthalpy when one mole of
an ionic compound present in its gaseous state, dissociates into its ions. It is
impossible to determine it directly by experiment. Suggest and explain an
indirect method to measure lattice enthalpy of NaCl(s).
61. ΔG is net energy available to do useful work and is thus a measure of “free
energy”. Show mathematically that ΔG is a measure of free energy. Find the
unit of ΔG. If a reaction has positive enthalpy change and positive entropy
change, under what condition will the reaction be spontaneous?
62. Graphically show the total work done in an expansion when the state of an
ideal gas is changed reversibly and isothermally from (pi , Vi ) to (pf , Vf ). With
the help of a pV plot compare the work done in the above case with that
carried out against a constant external pressure pf .
77 Thermodynamics
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