Resolution

Photoshop
New Resolutions

Mary ET Boyle, Ph.D.

Department of Cognitive Science
UCSD COGS 3
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image resolution Print Resolution

“… the number of pixels (individual points Image Type Minimum Better
of color) contained on a display monitor, Web graphic/JPEG or GIF 100 300
expressed in terms of the number of Photo 300 600
Photo (to be enlarged) 600 1200
pixels on the horizontal axis and the Line Art 300 600
number on the vertical axis. The Slides/Negatives 1200 2400
sharpness of the image on a display Monochrome images or text 150 300

depends on the resolution and the size of

the monitor. The same pixel resolution will
be sharper on a smaller monitor and
gradually lose sharpness on larger
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monitors because the
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white Bitmap Vector Images

pixel

Images copyright © Adobe Systems Incorporated

blue
pixel COGS 3
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 A bit is the smallest unit of
measurement regarding
computer data. Bit Depth
Bit Depth Formula Number of Colors
1-bit 21 2
Bit Depth Formula Number of Colors 2-bit 22 4
3-bit 2 8
1-bit 21 2 4-bit 24 16
2-bit 22 4 5-bit 25 32
6-bit 26 64
3 bit
3-bit 23 8 7-bit 27 128
8-bit 28 256
4-bit 24 16 Bit depth refers to 24-bit 224 16,777,216
5-bit 25 32 the number of colors
6-bit 26 64 that can be displayed.
7-bit 27 128
8-bit 28 256 1-bit 21 2
24-bit 224 16,777,216

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Bit Depth Formula Number of Colors Bit Depth Formula Number of Colors
1-bit 21 2 1-bit 21 2
2-bit 22 4 2-bit 22 4
3-bit 23 8 3-bit 23 8
4-bit 24 16 4-bit 24 16
5-bit 25 32 5-bit 25 32
6-bit 26 64 6-bit 26 64
7-bit 27 128 7-bit 27 128
8-bit 28 256 8-bit 28 256
24-bit 224 16,777,216 24-bit 224 16,777,216

4-bit 24 16 8-bit 28 256

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Indexed Color
Bit Depth Formula Number of Colors
1-bit
2-bit
21
22
2
4
• Is a limited palette of up to 256 colors.
3-bit 23 8
4-bit
5-bit
24
25
16
32
• The computer approximates a non-
6-bit
7-bit
26
27
64
128
included color by y combiningg the colors.
8-bit 28 256
24-bit 224 16,777,216 • The palette can have any number of colors
up to 256.
• The fewer colors within the palette, the
24-bit 224 16,777,216 smaller the file size.

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Palette

Colors

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 • Enter the number of
Web — uses 217 colors common to colors the image
the PC and Mac operating should have.
systems.

Perceptual — gives priority to those • Experiment with each

colors to which the human eye
is most sensitive.
Selective — gives weight to both
those colors to which the
human eye is most sensitive
and web-safe colors.
This option usually produces
images with the greatest color
integrity.
Adaptive — is based on specific
colors in the image, giving
priority to the colors appearing
most often.
image to determine the
appropriate trade-off
between reduced
number of colors and
image quality.
• If the Preview
checkbox is checked,
the image will change
on the screen as you
enter different
numbers into the
Colors field.

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File Formats JPEG

• File formats help to identify the kind of file. • Joint Photographic Experts Group
• The format is usually distinguished by the • Preferred file format for photographic
file extension. images.
• Native file format: default format for files • Good
G d ffor subtle
btl color
l ttransitions.
iti
created in that program
• Graphic file formats: • JPEGs are saved with a
– GIF .jpeg or
– JPEG
– PNG
.jpg extension
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PNG Optimizing Web Graphics

• Portable Network Graphics • Reduce the overall image size.
• file format can be 24-bit or 8-bit • Reduce the number of colors saved with
• PNG images support 8-bit transparency an image.
• PNGs are saved with a • Use
U compressioni schemes.
h

.png extension.

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 RGB and CMYK Color The Color Wheel-Pigments
• The RGB color model is typically used
when dealing with color viewed on a
computer monitor.

• The CMYK color model, on the other

hand, is used on print material when
printing in full color.

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CMYK RGB
CMYK RGB
Reflective Non-reflective
light comes from a source, hits light comes straight from the
Cyan Red Color Model
an object, and reflects from
the object into the eye
light source to our eyes.

Additive model
Subtractive model
Magenta Green
Color Each individual color
(red, green, and blue) has
Yellow Blue Images are separated a value, or intensity, from
Values into various values of 0 to 255.
the four colors. The various combinations
Black of the values produce
different colors.

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Additive Color

Subtractive
Color
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 Refers to what most of us mean by
"color."
Estimated gamut of It is the generic name used to
RGB color space. describe a color.

Refers to how pure the color is.

Estimated gamut of A fully saturated color is the

CMYK color space.
truest version of that color.
Refers to the amount of white
there is in the color
The full color gamut of
the human eye.

Working with Color in Photoshop The Color Slider

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The Swatches Palette The Save for Web Window

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• Demonstration or Practice Activity
• In Photoshop, open one of the .jpg files from the Image Thumbnails page.
• Make any adjustments to it you like regarding image size, color depth, etc.
• Select File > Save for Web.
• Select the Original tab to see the original image and its relevant information.
• Select the Optimized tab to see the optimized image and its relevant
information.
• Select the 2-Up tab to see the comparison of the original and the optimized
image.
• Finally, select the 4-Up tab to see the original image and three optimized
images, each using a different optimization. How do the images differ?
• Click the Cancel button to exit the Save for Web window without saving.

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Optimizing JPEG Images

• Demonstration or Practice Activity
• Open the flag.jpg file in Photoshop. (See the Image Thumbnails page.)
• Select Image > Image Size.
• Verify that the Constrain Proportions checkbox has a check in it.
• Change the Width field to 400, then click the OK button. What happens to
the image?
• Select Imageg > Imageg Size again.
g
• Uncheck the Constrain Proportions checkbox.
• Change the Width field to 800, then click the OK button. What happens to
the image?
• Select Edit > Undo Image Size to undo the last change.
• Select Image > Image Size once again.
• Check the Constrain Proportions checkbox.
• Resize the image to a desirable size.
• Save the image with the name "flag_resize.jpg."

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Optimizing GIF Images

• Demonstration or Practice Activity
• In Photoshop, open one of the .jpg files from the Image Thumbnails
page.
• Select File > Save for Web.
• Select the image option to the right of the original image.
• Select the JPEG Low setting from the preset options.
• Select
S l t ththe iimage option
ti jjustt b
below
l th
the original
i i l iimage.
• Select the JPEG Medium setting.
• Select the image option below and to the right of the original image.
• Select the JPEG High setting.
• How are the images different? File size?
• Select the JPEG Medium image and use the Quality slider to see
the difference in the image as you move the slider back and forth.
• Click the Cancel button to exit the Save for Web window without
saving.

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 • Demonstration or Practice Activity
• The Web Snap option determines how to • In Photoshop, open one of the .jpg files from the Image Thumbnails page.
• Select File > Save for Web.
reduce colors used in the image via the • Note the three optimized images created by Photoshop. What are their
settings? How do they look in terms of quality?
Color Table. The Web Snap range goes • Notice the Color Table that shows the colors actually used in the image.
from 0%
0%, which indicates the current color • How manyy colors appear
pp
so, what would you do?
in the Color field? More than in the Color Table? If

reduction method is being used, to 100%, •

•
Make adjustments by choosing the various GIF preset options.
Adjust the palette being used. How does that impact image quality?
which indicates that the color reduction will • Adjust the compression level. How does that impact image quality?
• Make adjustments to the number of colors. How does that impact image
involve only those colors within the web- quality?
• Make adjustments to the dithering. How does that impact image quality?
safe color palette. • Make adjustments to the web Snap field. How does that impact image
quality?
• Click the Cancel button to exit the Save for Web window without saving.

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• Demonstration or Practice Activity • Demonstration or Practice Activity

• Create a new Photoshop document, using the 640 x 480 preset size (this document
will be used for several of the activities below).
• Click the Foreground Color square on the Toolbox to open the Color Picker, and then:
– Notice the locations for entering RGB and hexadecimal color values.
– Notice the New Color and Old Color boxes.
– Click on the Color Spectrum to select a hue.
– Click on different colors within the large color square to see color variations within the
selected hue
hue. What happens in the New Color and Old Color boxes? Why? Notice any
warnings regarding the printable gamut and web-safe colors as you switch from color to
color.
– Notice the changes in the RGB and hexadecimal value fields.
– Close the Color Picker.
• Click the Foreground Color square on the Color Palette, and then:
– Notice this brings up the same Color Picker Window.
– Place a check in the Only Web Colors checkbox.
– How does the information in the Color Picker change?
– Pick a color from the Picker, then click the OK button.
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• Select the Rectangle Tool from the Toolbox.
• Using the document from the previous activity, click the Rectangle Tool in
the Document Window and drag at a diagonal to the desired size. Notice
the color of the rectangle. It should be filled with the Foreground Color
square's currently selected color. In addition, notice the Layers Palette; the
rectangle is on a new layer.
• Click the color square on the Options Palette (the palette just under the
menu bar near the top of the screen) to display the Color Picker.
• Choose a new color for the square by doing one of the following:
– Click the large color box.
– Select a hue from the color spectrum.
– Enter values directly into the RGB or hexadecimal fields.
• Notice the color change is visible immediately if the rectangle is visible while
the Color Picker is open.
• Notice the New Color and Old Color boxes as you click on various color
options.
• Click OK to accept the new color.
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• Demonstration or Practice Activity • Demonstration or Practice Activity

• Click the Foreground Color square on the Toolbox. • Select the Rounded Rectangle Tool from the Toolbox.
• Choose a foreground color from the Color Picker. (Remember, it's not really • Using the document from the previous activity, click the Rounded Rectangle
chosen yet until you click the OK button.) Tool in the Document Window and drag at a diagonal to the desired size.
• Select the Horizontal Type Tool from the Toolbox. Notice the color of the rectangle. It should be filled with the Foreground
• Enter a few words of text. Color square's currently selected color.
• Click the Commit Anyy Current Edits check mark on the Options
p Palette to • Adjust the RGB Sliders to obtain a new color.
accept the entered text. Notice the text is on its own layer. • Did th
the color
l off th
the roundedd d rectangle
t l change
h when
h you adjusted
dj t d th
the color
l
• With the Horizontal Type Tool still selected, select the text just entered by using the sliders?
dragging over it to highlight it. • Click the color square in the Options Palette to bring up the Color Picker.
• Make sure that the Color Palette's foreground color box is selected. • The old color is still in the Color Picker. Click the new color created by using
• Move the RGB Sliders; notice the new color appears in the Foreground the RGB Sliders from the Foreground Color square of the Color Palette (the
Color square. Eyedropper Tool should appear as the cursor is moved over the color
square). The new color should then appear in the Color Picker as the new
• Find a new color for the text using the sliders and click the Commit Any color.
Current Edits check mark in the Options Palette to accept the new color. • Click OK to accept the new color.
• What happens when the sliders are moved but the text is not selected?

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• Demonstration or Practice Activity
• Using the same document as above, enter an
additional text block using the Vertical Type
Tool. This second text block is also on its own
layer
layer.
• Highlight the text.
• Change the text color using the Color Spectrum.
• Click the Commit Any Current Edits check mark
on the Options Palette to accept the color
change.
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• Demonstration or Practice Activity
• Select the Custom Shape Tool from the Toolbox.
• Using the document from the previous activity, right-click the
Custom Shape Tool in the Document Window to display the
available custom shapes.
• Double-click on one of the custom shapes.
• Click within the Document Window and drag at a diagonal to the
desired size.
• Click the color square in the Options Palette to bring up the Color
Picker.
• Select a new color by clicking within the Swatches Palette.
• Click the Color Picker's OK button to accept the new color.
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The excercise
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• Demonstration or Practice Activity
• Select the Ellipse Tool from the Toolbox.
• Using the document from the previous activity,
click the Ellipse Tool in the Document Window
anddddrag att a di
diagonall tto th
the d
desired
i d size.
i
• Click the color square in the Options Palette to
bring up the Color Picker.
• Select a new color by clicking within the Color
Spectrum.
• Click OK to accept the new color.
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The Eyedropper Tool
• Demonstration or Practice Activity
• Open the karacrop.jpg file edited previously in this lesson.
• Select the Eyedropper Tool from the Toolbox.
• Click the Eyedropper Tool in several locations within Kara's facial
area. Notice the selected color square box changes colors, based
on where you click on Kara's face.
• Decide on a color you will use and make sure it is the last color
selected and currently visible in the color square.
• Click the Paint Bucket Tool in the Toolbox. This tool is used to fill
areas with similar color. (If the Paint Bucket isn't visible, click the
Gradient Tool and select Paint Bucket from its options.)
• Click within the towel area of the photo with the Paint Bucket Tool.
What happens? Why do you suppose the entire towel area doesn't
change to the color you selected with the Eyedropper Tool?
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