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White Paper - Addressing Ground Faults On MV Generators PDF
White Paper - Addressing Ground Faults On MV Generators PDF
Addressing Ground
Faults on MV Generators
A hybrid grounding system design allows flexibility
By Sergio Panetta, P.E., i-Gard, and David D. Shipp, P.E., Eaton Electrical Systems & Services
M
edium-voltage
(MV) generators
are not designed
to withstand full
fault current dur-
ing a single phase-
to-ground fault, which is why they are
connected to a system with either low- or
high-impedance devices.
There are many methods to ground
these generators. Let’s discuss the advan-
tages and disadvantages of each (relative
to performance) under ground fault
conditions.
increases. For example, if four genera- Single-point grounded system. and there is only one return path for
tors are connected to a common bus, Single-point grounding ensures only any ground fault. This scenario also ad-
the maximum ground fault current one source is grounded at any given dresses the concern of generators going
with an 800A low-resistance grounded time. There are three ways this can occur. off-line.
system may be between 800A (if only Fig. 3 shows a multiple generator-con- Two major disadvantages are inher-
one generator is online) to 3,200A (if nected system in which neutral isolators ent in this kind of system: circulating
all four generators are online). As more ensure that only one resistor is connected third harmonic currents through the
generators are connected, the advantages to the electrical system at one time. connected neutrals and the complex
previously listed quickly diminish. A disadvantage to this arrangement serviceability of a generator. With the
The greatest drawback of this type is complexity because of the necessity neutrals connected together, a ground
of system is when a ground fault occurs of the isolator switches. The system also fault anywhere in the system will elevate
within the stator winding of a generator. requires an operation procedure for any the potential of the neutral — whether
Experience shows that the ground fault kind of transfer. the generator is connected to the system
will not be removed from the generator Another disadvantage is that the or not. This results in a safety hazard
when the generator breaker has opened. system will become ungrounded if the for any personnel working on the gen-
In fact, the generator will continue to connected grounded power source be- erators.
supply the current through the ground come isolated. This would put the entire The arrangement in Fig. 5 on page
fault until the generator’s field excitation system at risk because, as generators are 24 addresses the single-point ground by
decays. The resulting physical damage ramped up and placed into service, they way of an artificial neutral. This method
to the generator is a function of the will also be ungrounded until connected is much simpler than that shown in
duration of the fault, not its magnitude. to the power system. Fig. 3. However, the disadvantage is
Thus, consider a different approach to The system shown in Fig. 4 addresses the ungrounded state of the generators
maintain the advantages of the low- these disadvantages. In this scenario, when not connected to the electrical
impedance grounded system. the neutrals are connected together, system.
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