Nickel

Nickel is a transition metal, discovered by Axel Frederick

Constedt, with an atomic weight of 28, located in the fourth
period/row on the periodic table of elements. It is an essential
nutrient for the body but it’s over intake can cause harm.
Humans can get the infection by breathing in infected air or
drinking such water or eating such food or smoking cigarettes.
Too much of nickel consumption can cause Lung cancer, Nose
cancer, Larynx cancer, and Prostate cancer.

What are the Physical Properties of Nickel?

Color Silvery-white metallic

Phase Solid

Hardness Vickers hardness: 638 MPa

Crystalline structure Face-centered cubic

Ductility High

Malleability High

Melting point Melting point is 1453°C

Boiling point Boiling point is 2913°C

Density It has a density of 8.9 grams per cubic centimeter.

 What are the Chemical Properties of Nickel?

Chemical Formula Ni

Atomic Number 28

Isotopes Five

Compounds include nickel sulfide, nickel arsenide, nickel antimonide, nickel

Compounds diarsenide, nickel thioarsenide, and nickel thioantimonide.

Flammability Flammable at certain temperatures and being in certain states or alloys.

Under normal conditions nickel does not react with water, however, nickel
Reactivity with water compounds may be water soluble such as nickel chloride.

Slowly dissolves in dilute sulphuric acid to form the aquated Ni(II) ion and
Reactivity with acids hydrogen, H2.

The most crucial use of nickel is that it is used to make coins, and wires. As it has the capability to
resist corrosion even at high temperature it is also used in gas turbines and rocket engines. Another use of
nickel is in making of variety of alloys which are further used to make armour plating, nails, or pipes. For
example, Monel, alloys of nickel and copper, is a hard compound and can resist corrosion by seawater.
Hence, it is used in propeller shaft in boats and desalination plants.
 Palladium (Pd)

Palladium, together with rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, and platinum form a group of
elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGM). The chemical element with an atomic number
of 46, is a rare element and has a lustrous silver
appearance. Palladium may cause skin, eye or
respiratory tract irritation, may cause skin sensitization.
All palladium compounds should be regarded as highly
toxic and as carcinogenic. Palladium chloride is toxic,
harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the
skin. It causes bone marrow, liver and kidney damage
in laboratory animals. This element was discovered by
William Hyde Wollaston in the year 1803. The metal
was named after asteroid Pallas of the Greek goddess
Athena.

What are the Physical Properties of Palladium?

Color Lustrous silvery-white metallic

Phase Solid

Hardness Vickers hardness: 400 – 600 MPa

Crystalline structure Face-centered cubic

Ductility High

Malleability High
 Melting point Melting point is 1554.8°C

Boiling point Boiling point is 2963°C

Density It has a density of 12.0 grams per cubic centimeter.

What are the Chemical Properties of Nickel?

Chemical Formula Pd

Atomic Number 46

Isotopes Nine

Compounds include Palladium(II) Chloride, Palladium(II) Phosphate, Palladium(II)

Compounds Permanganate, Palladium(IV) Oxide, Palladium(II) Carbonate, etc.

Flammability Flammable in dust, powder and fumes or explosive when exposed to heat.

Reactivity with water Absorbs up to 900 times its own weight in hydrogen gas.

Does not react with most acids at room temperature but will do so when mixed with
Reactivity with acids most hot acids.

A major use of palladium is in alloys used in low voltage electrical contacts, Because of its
corrosion resistance. When it is finely divided, palladium forms a good catalyst and is used to speed up
hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Palladium is used extensively in jewelry-making in certain
alloys called “white gold.” It may be alloyed with platinum or substituted for it. It is used in watch bearings,
springs, and balance wheels and also for mirrors in scientific instruments.