1

CHAPTER 1
GRAMMAR AND TENSES, LANGUAGE FUNCTION, AND ASKING QUESTIONS

1.1 GRAMMAR AND TENSES

1.GRAMMAR

1.1 COMMANDS ( Kalimat Perintah)

Pola : S + VI, eq : Open your book!
1.2 NEGATIVE COMMANDS ( Kalimat larangan )
Pola : Do + not + VI, eq : Do not smoke!
1.3 REQUEST ( Kalimat permintaan)
1. Open the door, please?
2. Please open the door.
3. Will you come here?
4. Would you write your name?
5. Would you like to smoke?
6. Would you mind helping me?
7. Won’t join us?
8. Let us study here!

2. TENSES
2.1 Simple Present Tense
Bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan bahwa pekerjaannya dilakukan pada waktu
sekarang sebagai suatu kebiasaan.
Pola kalimat:
(+) S + VI (s/es), eq : She goes to hospital everyday
(- ) S + does/do not + VI : She does not go to hospital everyday
( ?) Does/do + S + VI : Does she go to hospital everyday?

Waktu sekarang sebagai kebiasaan, dinyatakan dengan keterangan waktu seperti :

Everyday, every week, every month, every year, every Friday, twice a week, in the
morning, etc.
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Adverb of frequency : always, sometimes, usually, seldom, often, never, hardly

ever.

2.2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung saat
sekarang.
Pola kalimat:
( + ) S + to be (is, am, are) + VI- ing + O
I am studying English now.
( - ) S + to be + not + VI + O
She is not leaving now
( ? ) To be + S + VI ing + O
Is she coming this morning?

2.3 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan bahwa pekerjaannya dimulai pada waktu lalu dan pada
saat diucapkan “ sudah selesai dan ada hasilnya”.
Pola Kalimat :
( + ) S + has/have + V3 + been + O, eq : I have taken a medicine
( - ) S + has/have + not + V3 + been + O, eq : I haven’t seen you for many age.
( ? ) Has/have + S + V3 + been + O, eq : Have you taken a medicine?

2.4 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan bahwa pekerjaannya telah dimulai pada waktu yang
lalu, entah kapan dan masih berlangsung terus menerus pada saat diucapkan entah sampai
kapan.
Pola Kalimat :
( + ) S + has/have + been + VI-ing + O
I have been studying English for two months.
( - ) S + have/ has + not + been + VI-ing
Joni has not been out for about one month.
( ? ) Has/ have + S + been + VI-ing
Have they been walking for an hour.

2.5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan “ pekerjaannya” dilakukan pada waktu lampau.
Pola Kalimat :
( + ) S + V2/ to be (was/were) + O
(- ) S + did not/ was- were not + O
( ? ) Did/ was-were + S + VI-ing
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Pada waktu lampau itu dinyatakan dengan kata keterangan waktu seperti: yesterday, the day
before yesterday, two days ago, three months ago, last Friday, etc.

2.6 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
( + ) S + was/were + V-ing, eq : I was working hard all day yesterday.
( - ) S + was/were not + V-ing : I was not working hard all day yesterday
( ? ) Was/were + S + V-ing : Was she walking ?

2.7 PAST PERFECT TENSE

Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang telah selesai dilakukan di waktu
lampau sebelum peristiwa terjadi.
Pola Kalimat :
( + ) S + had + been + adj/adv/N
( - ) S + had not + been + adj/adv/N
( ? ) Had + S + been + Adj/adv/N

2.8 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan, atau tindakan yang sedang berlangsung terus
menerus di masa lampau, biasanya dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
Pola Kalimat :
( + ) S + had + been + VI-ing, eq : I had been sleeping
( - ) S + had not + been + VI-ing, eq : She had not been sleeping
( ? ) Had + S + been + VI-ing, eq : had you been sleeping?

2.9 PRESENT FUTURE TENSE

Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang akan terjadi di masa depan.
Pola Kalimat :
( + ) S + shall/will + be Adj : I will be hungry
( - ) S shall/will + not + be + adj/adv/N : I will not be hungry
( ? ) Shall/will + S + be + adj/adv/noun : Will you be hungry?

2.10 PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang akan sedang berlangsung di
masa dating.
( + ) S + shall/ will + be + VI-ing, eq : I will be going home.
( - ) S + shall/will not + be + VI ing, eq : I will not be going home.
( ? ) Will/ shall + S + be + VI-ing, eq : Will you have been there?
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3. LANGUAGE FUNCTION

3.1 INTRODUCING YOURSELF

Mengenalkan diri terhadap orang yang belum dikenal.
For example : Hello, my name is Joni. I am from Papua
How do you do? How do you do.
How are you? I am fine/ I am unwell.
How’s life?

3.2 OFFERING SERVICE

Dalam berbagai konteks, salah satu tugas perawat / bidan
adalah melibatkan kegiatan menawarkan jasa kepada
pasien.
For example : What can I do for you? I need medicine.
Do you need any help? Yes, I do/ No, I do
not.

3.3 GIVING DIRECTION/GIVING INSTRUCTION

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Seorang bidan/ perawat sering dihadapkan dengan situasi

dalam memberi petunjuk.
For example:
Please eat : silahkan makan
Please take a pee : pipis
Please wash your hand: cuci tangan
May I wash my hand?
Please, take a walk: jalan jalan
Please open your dress: buka baju
Please bend down: bungkuk
Please raise your hand: angkat tangan
Please move your head: gerakkan kepala
Please take a deep breath in: ambil nafas
dalam
Please open your mouth: buka mulut
Touch your ankle: sentuh pergelangan kaki
Fist your finger: kepalkan jari
Put on your blouse: gunakan bajumu
Take off your blouse: lepas bajumu
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Put on your trouser/ panty-underwear: gunakan celanamu

Lower down your trouser: turunkan celanamu
On the knee down: berlutut
Lay onto your tummy: tengkurap
Fold your elbow: lipat sikumu
Slight over: geser
Turn around: berputar/menoleh
Lay down: berbaring
Look up: lihat atas
Lift your leg: angkat kaki
Put out your tongue: julurkan lidah
Bend your knees: berlutut
Wriggle your fingers: gerakkan jarimu
Roll your sleeves up: gulung lengan bajumu
Extend your hand: rentangkan tanganmu
Hold your breath : tahan napas

3.4 QUESTIONING
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Fungsi tutur kata yang digunakan untuk memperoleh

informasi yang diperlukan.
For example :Excuse me, can I ask you something?
What symptoms do you have? patient
What signs do you have? Medical staff

3.5 EXPLAINING
Fungsi tutur kata untuk menjelaskan atau menerangkan
sesuatu.
For example :Generally speaking, smoking is harmful.
Because milk contains a lot of energy
Alcohol is dangerous for pregnant women
because it cause the fatal of baby and mother

3.6 DESCRIBING
Fungsi tutur kata ini hampir mirip dengan explaining,
namun lebih menekankan penggambaran situasi atau
benda- benda konkret.
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For example : The condition of patient, his throat is

swollen and he’s got temperature.
The pregnant woman looks pale, tired,
weak, tremour, etc.

3.7. CONVINCING
Fungsi tutur kata ini digunakan jika kita akan
meyakinkan seseorang bahwa sesuatu perlu dilakukan.
For Example : Don’t worry, it has no side effects.
I’m sure you’ll get well soon.

3.8 PERSUADING
Fungsi tutur kata yang digunakan untuk membujuk
seseorang untuk melakukan atau tidak terhadap sesuatu.
For example : I would say that you need a doctor, the
doctor is very handsome
We really need your support.

3.9 CONSOLING/ SOOTHING

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Seorang bidan sering menghadapi situasi darurat seperti

menghadapi pasien yang marah, panik, tertekan, atau
kesakitan. Kemampuan verbal untuk menenangkan
pasien.
For example : Take it easy.
Calm down.
Peace!

3.10 ENCOURAGING/ MOTIVATING

Fungsi tutur kata dalam membesarkan hati dan memberi
dorongan kepada orang lain terutama ketika dalam
keadaan sakit secara fisik maupun kejiwaan.
For example : Be brave and you’ll be okay
Have faith and everything will work out
well.

3.11REPRIMANDING
Fungsi tutur kata untuk menegur seseorang yang tidak
terlalu akrab.
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For example : That’s not right thing to do so

This is not good for your digestion =
Tidak baik untuk pencernaanmu

3.12 COMPLAINING
Fungsi tutur kata yang digunakan jika ingin
mengungkapkan keluhan terhadap siapa saja.
For Example : How could you do this to me.

3.13 PRAISING
Fungsi tutur kata dalam memuji.
For example : That’s excellent!
You’ve made a lot of progress.
You looks so beautiful today!

3.14 ENTERTAINING
Fungsi tutur kata yang digunakan pada saat kita melihat
orang lain memerlukan hiburan.
For example : You deserve a reward
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3.15 APOLOGIZING
Fungsi tutur kata yang digunakan untuk meminta maaf.
For example : sorry, I was on your way
I feel really bad about it

3.16 DISCLAIMING
Fungsi tutur kata yang digunakan pada saat anda harus
menahan diri untuk tidak memberi pendapat tentang
sesuatu diluar wewenang anda.
For example : I have no idea
Sorry, I really don’t know
No comment

3.17 REQUESTING/ORDERING
Fungsi tutur kata untuk meminta seseorang untuk
melakukan sesuatu. Jika anda melakukan secara terus
terang/ langsung, maka fungsi tutur kata ini termasuk
ordering, tetapi kalau anda meminta dengan hati- hati,
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sopan, dan tidak dengan nada perintah, maka termasuk

requesting.
For example : Open your mouth
Can/ may/please/will you take a deep breath
for me?

3.18 ANSWERING TELEPHONE

Fungsi tutur kata dalam menerima telepon.
For example : Dr Soetomo hospital, Ira speaking.
Can I take a massage?

3.19 MAKING A TELEPHONE CALL

Prinsipnya hampir sama dengan menerima telephone.
For example : I am Ira. I’m calling to find out
I’m calling about

3.20 ADVISING
Fungsi tutur kata untuk memberikan nasehat.
For example : Listen to me
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Consider this

3.21 REJECTING
Fungsi tutur kata untuk menolak pemberian, undangan,
ataupun gagasan.
For Example : No way
Thanks but no thanks

3.22 GIVING OPINION

Fungsi tutur kata untuk memberikan pendapat.
For Example : In my opinion, it’s worth considering
I personally think so

3.23 CONSULTING
Fungsi tutur kata untuk menanyakan, memastikan, atau
bertukar pikiran tentang hal- hal yang kurang jelas.
For Example : What do you think?
Any suggestion?
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3.24 REPORTING
Fungsi tutur kata untuk melaporkan sesuatu.
For example : So, I felt over
To begin with, he offered me a
cigarette
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CHAPTER 2

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

A. PROFFESSION IN HOSPITAL/ MEDICAL STAFF

1. CARDIOLOGIST
2. DERMATOLOGIST
3. DENTIST
4. VENEROLOGIST
5. SURGEON
6. PEDIATRICIAN
7. GENERAL PRACTITIONER/ GP
8. INTERNIST
9. PHYSICIAN
10. GYNECOLOGIST
11. OPHTHALMOLOGIST
12. PSYCHIATRIST
13. PATHOLOGIST
14. RADIOLOGIST
15. NUTRITIONIST
16. NURSE
17. MIDWIFE
18. LAB TECHNICIAN
19. MEDICINES MAN
20. HEAD NURSE
21. ORTHOPEDIC SURGEON
22. ANESTHESIOLOGIST
23. NEUROLIGIST
24. OBSTETRICIAN
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25. ADMINISTRATOR
26. PHARMACIST
27. MICROBIOLOGIST

B. WARD AND DEPARTMENT IN HOSPITAL

1. MEDICAL WARD : GP, nurse, midwife
2. SURGICAL WARD
3. PEDIATRIC WARD
4. MATERNITY WARD
5. DELIVERY ROOM
6. OPERATING THEATER
7. OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT
8. EMERGENCY ROOM
9. NURSE STATION
10. ORTHOPEDIC WARD
11. GERIATRIC WARD
12. ADMISSION DEPARTMENT
13. NUTRIENT DEPARTMENT
14. BODY DEATH ROOM
15. PHARMACY
16. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT
17. X- RAY DEPARTMENT
18. INFORMATION CENTER
19. DISPENSARY
20. DENTISTRY CLINIC
21. PEDIATRIC CLINIC
22. LABORATORIUM ROOM
23. DOCTOR’S LOUNGE
24. NURSE’S LOUNGE
25. ICU/ INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
26. ENT DEPT / EAR NOSE AND THROAT DEPT
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27. HEMATOLOGY DEPARTMENT

28. GASTROENTEROLOGY DEPARTMENT
29. ENDOCRINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
30. NEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT

C. MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
1. LARYNGEAL MIRROR
2. NEEDLE
3. SYRINGE
4. HANDSCOEN/ GLOVES
5. SUTURE SCISSOR
6. BABY SCALE
7. SCAPEL AND HANDLE
8. ANATOMY FORCEP
9. VAGINA SPECULUM
10. THERMOMETER
11. CATHETHER
12. UNDERPAD/ WATER PROVE
13. SPHYGMOMANOMETER
14. STETOSCOPE
15. MONOSCOPE
16. INCUBATOR
17. APRON
18. MASKER
19. GLASSES
20. TROLLEY
21. STERILIZATOR
22. KIDNEY DISH
23. INFUSION POLE
24. OXIGEN TANK
25. INFUSION SET
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26. TRANSFUSION SET

27. CLAMP
28. VACUM EXTRACION
29. WATCH
30. TRAY
31. THERMOMETER JAR
32. GAUZE/ TISSUE
33. NEEDLE HOLDER
34. CRUTCHES
35. PLAIN DISSECTING FORCEPS
36. BOWL STAND
37. SCREEN/ ROOM CUBICLE
38. URINE SPECIMENT GLASSES
39. BANDAGE SCISSORS
40. EXAMINING COUCH
41. BOWLS
42. FOOT STEP
43. HOT WATER BOTTLE
44. STRETCHER
45. OTOSCOPE
46. DRESSING JAR
47. TEETH FORCEPS
48. SPITTING MUG
49. URINAL
50. WHEELED STRETCHER
51. BEDPAN
52. RUBBER TOURNIQUET
53. SWAB ALCOHOL
54. TAPE
55. SOLUTION
56. WHEELED CHAIR
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D. PART OF THE BODY

1. HAIR
A. GREY HAIR
B. SCULL
C. SCALP
D. BACK HEAD
E. DANDRUFF
F. LOUSE
2. FACE
A. FORE HEAD
B. NECK
C. NOSE
D. ADAM’S APPLE
E. SIDEBURNS
F. MOUSTACHE
G. BEARD
H. BRAIN
I. CHEEK
J. MOLE
K. DIMPLE
L. PIMPLE/ ACNE
M. PORE
N. CHIN
O. UPPER JAW
P. LOWER JAW
Q. CHEEK BONE
3. NOSE
A. NOSTRIL
B. TIP OF NOSE
C. SHARP NOSE
D. FLAT NOSE
E. FLARES NOSE
F. HAIR NOSE
4. A. TRUNK
B. SHOULDER
C. BACK
D. SHOULDER BLADE
5. A. BUTTOCK
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B. CHEST
C. BREAST
D. NIPPLE
E. NAVEL
F. STOMACH
G. WAIST
H. BACK BONE
I. HIP
J. RIB
6. ARM
A. UPPER ARM
B. LOWER ARM
C. ELBOW
D. ARM PIT
E. INNER ARM
F. OUTERARM
G. WRIST
7. A. HAND
B. FINGER
C. FORE FINGER/ index finger
D. MIDDLE FINGER
E. RING FINGER
F. LITTLE FINGER
G. THUMB
H. FINGER NAIL
8. EAR
A. AURICLE
B. EAR LUMEN
C. EAR WAX
D. EAR LOBE
9. LIP
A. LOWER LIP
B. UPPER LIP
10. MOUTH
A. TOOTH
B. TONGUE
C. GUM
11. EYE
A. EYE LASH
B. EYE BROW
C. TEARS
D. EYE BALL
E. EYE LID
12. PALM
13. LEG
A. THIGH
B. KNEE
C. CALF
D. SHIN BONE
E. ANKLE
F. HEEL
G. SOLE
H. TOES
I. FOOT
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VITAL SIGN

1. Temperature = degrees Celsius/ degrees centigrade

2. Blood pressure = millimeter hectogram
3. Pulse = beat per minutes/ bpm
4. Respiratory = beat per minutes/bpm
5. Weight = kilograms
6. Height = centimeter

Complete name

My name is hermin. I am thirty seven years old. My temperature is thirty

seven degrees centigrade. My blood pressure is one hundred and twenty
over ninety millimeter hectogram. My pulse rate is eighty eight beat per
minutes. My respiratory is twenty beat per minutes. My weight is eighty

five kilogram. And my height is one hundred and eighty centimeter.

The example of conversation using medical term and language function:

N : Good evening sir
P : Good evening, nurse !
N : Well, I just got a phone call from Dr Andrew
P : Who is he?
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N : He is an orthopedic surgeon.

P : I see, so?
N : Dr. Andrew said that I have to take some blood samples from you before
you will be operated
P : What for?
N : We want to know about your blood group.
P : I see, you can take it now.
N : Good, thanks. Now would you mind lying down on your bed, please?
P : Okay
N : Thanks and now will raise your arm, please? Because I want to put this
rubber sheet under your arm.
P : No problem
N : Can I have your arm, sir?
P : Which one, right or left?
N : The right one, sir.
P : Here, it is
N : Thanks, and now could you roll your sleeve up sir?
P : Okay, nurse
N : Good, now fist your hand I want to apply the tourniquet above your
elbow.
P : No problem.
N : And now, I want to clean your skin by this swab alcohol
P : That’s good nurse
N : Please, don’t move when this needle is inserted into your vein, may be
you’ll feel little bit pain, but its okay.
P : Be careful nurse, I am afraid of needle
N : Don’t worry
N : I have your blood now.
P : That’s relieve
N : Good, Can you fold your arm, now?
P : No problem
N : Thanks a lot
P : Okay
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CHAPTER 3
 24

NURSING CARE – NURSING PROCESS

A. ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS COMMONLY USED BY HEALTH

PRACTITIONER
 AMB Ambulatory: bisa berpindah
 CBR Complete bed rest: total istirahat
 BP Blood pressure: tekanan darah
 F Fahrenheit
 P Pulse: denyut nadi
 PMH Past Medical History: riwayat
kesehatan/medis
 R Respiratory: pernapasan
 WNL Within Normal Limits: dalam batas normal

B. DISEASE
 ASHD arteriosclerotic heart disease
 ASCVD arterioclerotic cardiovascular disease
 BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy
 CA cancer
 STD sexually transmitted disease: PMS

C. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
 ABG arterial blood gases
 CBC complete blood count
 RBC red blood cells
 UA urinalysis
 WBC white blood cells
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D. SYMBOLS
 ↑ = increase
 ↓ = decrease
 ≠ = unequal
 ꞊ = equal
 ♀ = female
 ♂ = male
 ˃ = greater than
 ˂ = less than
 + = plus
 - = minus
 / = over (one over two, one second) ( one over three, one third)
 : = divide
 X = times, multiple

E. ORDERS
 Post op = post operative
 Pre op = pre operative
 PRN = as needed/ when necessary
 pt = patient
 q = every
 STAT = immediately
 TPR = temperature, pulse, respiratory
 VS = vital signs
 x = times
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F. APPENDIX ABBREVIATIONS
 b.d = twice a day
 t.d.s = three times a day
 q.d.s = four times a day
 2 hrly = once every two hours
 a.c = before meals
 p.c = after meals
 p.o = orally
 tab = tablets
 caps = capsules

G. COMMON ABBREVIATION
 TPR = temperature pulse and respiratory
 BP = blood pressure
 CNS = central nervous system
 CVS = central venous system
 BID = brought in dead
 RTA = road traffic accident
 HI = head injury
 OD = overdose
 Pt = patient
 Ep = epileptic
 MI = myocardial infraction
 BO = bowels open
 HPU = has passed urine
 SWO = stomach washout
 TOP = termination of pregnancy
 PV = through the vagina
 PR = through the rectum
 27

 NAD = nothing abnormal detected

 ECG = electrocardiograms
 FBC = full blood count

CHAPTER 4
 28

PRESENTATION OF MIDWIFERY CASES

A. TEHNIQUE OF PRESENTATION
1. Opening ( greeting, introduction, state the purpose of presentation)
2. Main Activity ( present the topic related with midwifery case, asking and
answering the questions from audience)
3. Closing ( make conclusion of the presentation, saying thanks, close the
presentation)

4. REFERENCEES OF FURTHER READING

1. Kohner Nancy.1985. New Pregnancy Book. Department of Health. Health Education
Authority.
2. Kohner Nancy. 1992. Pregnancy Book. Department of Health. Health Education
Authority.

5. THE EXAMPLE OF ARTICLE OF MIDWIFERY CASES

CHAPTER V
INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH TEST
 29

A. TOEFL ( TEST OF ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE)

What is TOEFL?
According to Sharpe (1992) in Barron’s How to Prepare for the TOEFL that TOEFL is kind
of International test which consist of listening, reading, and writing comprehension test.

What is TOEFL consisting of?

Section I : Listening Comprehension, approximately 30 minutes
Part A : Restatement (20 questions)
Part B : Conversation, two speakers (15 questions)
Part C : Short Story ( one story for three or four questions)
Section II : Structure and Written Expression, approximately 25 minutes
Part A : Incomplete sentences ( 15 questions)
Part B : Incorrect sentences (25 questions)
Section III : Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension, approximately 45 minutes
Part A : Synonym (30 questions)
Part B : Reading (30 minutes)

Example of TOEFL Mini Test

 30

B. IELTS ( INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEST)

What is IELTS?
 31

IELTS, the International Language Testing System, provides an assessment of whether

candidates are ready to study or train in the medium of English. It is recognized widely as a
language requirement for entry to all course in further and higher education. It is ready
available at test centers around the world who arrange test administration according to local
demand.

What is IELTS consisting of?

Listening consisted 4 sections, around 40 items, approximately 30 minutes
Academic Reading consisted 3 sections, around 40 items, approximately 60 minutes
General Training Reading consisted 3 sections, around 40 items, approximately 60 minutes
Academic Writing consisted 2 tasks, around 150 & 250 words, approximately 60 minutes
General Training Writing consisted 2 tasks, around 150 & 250 words), approximately 60
minutes
Speaking, approximately 10- 15 minutes.
32