TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION OF WATER SUPPLY

Water supply systems from a variety of locations, including groundwater, surface water (lakes
and rivers) conservation and the sea through desalination. Once water is used, wastewater is
typically discharged a sewer system and treated in a wastewater treatment plant before being
discharged into a river , lake or the sea or reused of landscaping , irrigation or industrial use.
 ACTIVITY OUTCOMES

I. Student able to describe cold water supply and distribution in buildings

II. Student able to identify the water supply components and materials
 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENTS

I. Digital camera
II. Freehand camera
III. Computer (AutoCAD software
IV. Building Services note unit four DCM 2062
V. Internet
 SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

The HYDROLOGIC CYCLE begins with the evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean.
As moist air is lifted, it cools and water vapor condenses to form clouds. Moisture is transported
around the globe until it returns to the surface as precipitation. Once the water reaches the ground,
one of two processes May occur1) some of the water may evaporate back into the atmosphere or
2) the water may penetrate the surface and become groundwater. Groundwater either seeps its way
to into the oceans, rivers, and streams, or is released back into the atmosphere through
transpiration. The balance of water that remains on the earth's surface is runoff, which empties into
lakes, rivers and streams and is carried back to the oceans, where the cycle begins again.

Surface water

Surface water is water in river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is
naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the
oceans, evaporation, and sub -surface water.

Sub-surface water

Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water located in the pore space of soil
and rocks

SURFACE WATER TREATMENT

1. Intake Crib

Raw water from a surface water lake or reservoir is drawn into the plant through intake structures.
Large debris like logs is prevented from entering and zebra mussel control is performed at the
intake.

2 & 3. Screens

Smaller debris like fish, vegetation and garbage are removed from the raw water by protective bar
and travelling screens before the water enters the low lift pumps.

4. Low Lift Pump Well

These pumps lift the water to flow through the treatment processes by gravity.

5. Pre-oxidation & Primary Disinfection

Disinfectants or other oxidants are added to disinfect or control tastes and odours. The specific
processes used are determined by the chemical and biological raw water characteristics.

6. Coagulation

Coagulants, rapidly add electrochemical charges that attract the small particles in water to clump
together as a “floc”. This initial charge neutralization process allows the formed floc to
agglomerate but remain suspended.

7. Flocculation
By slower mixing, turbulence causes the flocculated water to form larger floc particles that become
cohesive and increase in mass. This visible floc is kept in suspension until large enough to settle
under the influence of gravity

8. Sedimentation

Flocculated water is applied to large volume tanks where the flow speed slows down and the dense
floc settles. Settled floc is removed and treated as a waste product that is discharged to the sewer
system.

9. Media Gravity Filtration

Relatively floc free, settled water flows through a media filter by gravity. Filter media are made
from layers of anthracite or granular activated carbon and sand. Gravel or synthetic materials
support the media. Physical straining removes the remaining floc. Filters are periodically
backwashed to clean off accumulated floc and other trapped impurities.

10. Clear Well

Filtered water in the clear well is used to backwash filters and kept in storage to ensure that
disinfectants are in contact with the water long enough to inactivate disease causing organisms.

11. Secondary Disinfection

Supplemental chlorine is added to maintain disinfection concentrations while the water is pumped
through the distribution system. The purpose is to ensure minimum residual disinfectant levels at
the farthest points of the system.

12. Fluoridation

A process where silicofluoride compounds are added to treated drinking water to artificially raise
the fluoride concentration to within a specified range; for example between 0.5 to 0.8 mg/L (ppm).
Fluoridation is an optional public health dental policy.

13. High Lift Pump Well

Treat drinking water is pumped through large pressure pumps to other pumping stations, reservoirs
or points of supply within the local distribution system.

14a & 14b. Elevated Water Storage Towers and Ground Level Reservoirs

Water distributed to water towers and storage reservoirs ensures stable water pressure. An
adequate supply of water is maintained to meet peak water demands or emergencies such as fires,
water main breaks, power outages and pump failures.
Distribution System

Distribution systems are comprised of large pipes known as trunk mains to deliver drinking water.
Smaller diameter branch mains feed individual streets. Service connections to branch mains deliver
water into residences. Pumping stations are used to increase pressure and to maintain adequate
supply flows.

GROUND WATER
 Ground water is the part of precipitation that seeps down through the soil until it reaches rock
material that is saturated with water. Ground water slowly moves underground, generally at a
downward angle (because of gravity), and may eventually seep into streams, lakes, and oceans.

Most of the void spaces in the rocks below the water table are filled with water. But rocks have
different porosity and permeability characteristics, which means that water does not move around
the same way in all rocks. When water-bearing rocks readily transmit water to wells and springs,
they are called aquifers. Wells can be drilled into the aquifers and water can be pumped out.
Precipitation eventually adds water (recharge) into the porous rock of the aquifer. The rate of
recharge is not the same for all aquifers, though, and that must be considered when pumping water
from a well. Pumping too much water too fast draws down the water in the aquifer and eventually
causes a well to yield less and less water and even run dry.

Ground water is an important natural resource, especially in those parts of the country that don’t
have ample surface-water sources, such as the arid West. It provides about 38 percent of the water
delivered by water departments for use in our homes, businesses, and industries and provides
drinking water for the 99 percent of the rural population who supply their own water from their
own wells.

INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
Everyone just knows how to use water and where people rarely know the origin or existence of
water used by them every day and also do not know how to do water processing and distribution
of water to every home. Project given us choose Garaj place for bus as our example in this project.
The GarajKolejKemahiranTinggi Mara Sri Gading is located in KolejKemahiranTinggi Mara Sri
Gading . Our group chose this garaj because they want to know how a given distribution of water
in the toilet.

COMPONENTS WATER SUPPLY

COMPONENTS EFFECTIVENESS

SHOWER  The main function of a shower is to

cleanse the body. Design spray of
water was variform .air being produced
right from the shower is like rainwater.

 . Use toilet bowl toilet- is to receive

and dispose of sewage and cleansing of
impurities in natural reservoirs
splashed water system shall be
sufficient to move inside the stool .-
Most are designed with the trap in
order to conserve water
PIPE
 Pipes made of PVC (polyvinyl
chloride) is always used in toilet
features inexpensive, lightweight, and
has a variety of sizes

SINK
 The sink is used for washing
hands and utensils and other

 Controlling the flow of water out

of the pipe end

COLD WATER SUPPLY

Before designing a cold water system for a building it is essential to know the water authority
requirements, Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ) is local water authority in Johor. There are two distinct
systems. Namely direct and indirect system

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:

Communication pipe:

Responsibility of supply authority, running from main to stop cock, just outside cartilage. Ringht
angles to main for essy location. Connenction in direction of maingooseneck to allow for
differential movement minimum depath 0.75m

Service pipe:

Freom stop cock to fitment- under mains pressure , minimum join below ground

Distribution pipe:

From strorage tank to fitments- under tank pressure

TYPES OF WATER SUPPLY

Has two types of water supply:

 Direct system
 Indirect system

DIRECT SYSTEM
  Supply straight from the tap and drain it into the service to all taps,

INDIRECT SYSTEM

 Supplying water to the water storage tank to redistribute the tap in the house

THIS PROJRET SYSTEM USING DIRECT SYSTEM

 Water storage tanks, water tanks derived from the tank is distributed through water
pressure lowered down by gravity through pipes and the water supply and continue to
supply water to the toilet, sink and toilet seat

ADVANTAGES OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SYSTEM

Table below shows the benefits of drainage water directly and indirectly.

DIRECT INDIRECT

 Less pipe work and smaller storage
cistern, making it cheaper to install.
 Drinking water available.
 Smaller cold water cistern which may be
sited below the ceiling.
 No storage to satisfy peak demand
period.
 Risk of contamination and pressure
fluctuation of mains.
Not feasible for high-rise buildings due
to main pressure
DRAWING FOR WATER SUPPLY
 Large capacity storage cistern, provides a
reserve of water during the failure of the
mains supply.
 The water pressure on the taps supplied
from the cistern is reduced, which
minimize noise and water on the taps.
 Fitting supplied with water from the
cistern are prevented from causing
contamination of the drinking water by
back siphon age.
 Water storage to meet peak demand.
 Less risk of adverse effect by water
mains.
 Can be used in high-rise buildings.
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
APPENDIX
INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT