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AUTO PILOT SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MAHARAJA AGRASEN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(AFFILIATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, DELHI)

DELHI – 110086

NAME - SHUBHAM PRADEEP RAJ

ROLL NO. – 06414804916

GROUP – 7EE123

SUBMITTED ON – 08 NOVEMBER 2019

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the
kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my
sincere thanks to all of them.

I shall be failing in my duty if I do not express thanks to all the faculty members and staff
of Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering for providing me/us the facilities
to carry out my/our project work.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents. I would like to express my

special gratitude and thanks to MR. RAVI SHARMA for giving me such attention and
time.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and
people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
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CONTENTS

1) Abstract
2) Introduction
3) BLDC Motor
4) Controller
5) Working
6) Conclusion
7) References
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ABSTRACT

This report presents an overview on the fabrication of electric bicycle which runs on

battery. This paper details about the design and fabrication of electric bicycle which uses

electric energy as primary source. The electric bicycle is run by a BLDC Motor which

draws power from Battery. There is provision of a charging the battery while battery is

plugged in the system. The electric bicycle can take the market share from conventional

bicycles and small motorcycles.

INTRODUCTION

An electric bicycle (also known as e-bike) is a vehicle that uses electric power for

propulsion in combination with conventional bicycle mechanism. Electric bicycle uses

rechargeable batteries thus reducing the use of fossil fuel which are used in small

motorcycles thus reducing the pollution and providing a cheaper method of transportation.

The operating cost of electric bicycle is comparatively low as the operating cost only

includes charging o battery. The primary advantage of electric bicycles over conventional

bicycles is reducing the work done by humans. The electric bicycles are taking market

share from small motorcycles thus improving the air quality. Electric bicycles are slowly

gaining in popularity all around the world. China is world’s leading producer of electric

bicycle. Electric bicycle has also seen major development in India where government of

India has taken various steps to boost the use and production of electric bicycles. The

government of India has started Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &)

Electric vehicles (FAME) scheme which provides incentives for purchasing electric

vehicles.
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BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

A Brushless DC motor also known as BLDC Motor is a DC motor which doesn’t have

brushes and the commutation is done electronically. The controller is present with the

motor which provides pulses of current to the motor and thus controlling the speed and

torque.BLDC motor is highly efficient motors which produces high torque over a vast

speed range. BLDC motors are comparatively smaller size for higher torque as compared

to other types of DC motors.

Working Principle: -BLDC motors comprise of mainly two parts: stator and rotor. The

stator is stationary part which has armature winding on it. Rotor is rotating part on which

permanent magnets are attached. The armature winding consists of three phases. These

three phases are excited one by one to make the torque unidirectional. The figure shown

below gives the constriction of BLDC motor.

Fig 1. BLDC Motor

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The controller controls the phases on stator in such a way that the toque becomes

unidirectional. But to improve efficiency two phases are excited simultaneously where

one of the phases attracts the rotor which another one repels it.

CONTROLLER

Speed Control Basics: -

Controller of an electric bicycle is an electronic control the speed and braking of electric

bicycle. The battery delivers the power to controller which drives the BLDC motor. The

controller in electric bicycle is main component in the kit.

Purpose: -

The main purpose of controller is to control the speed and braking of electric bicycle. The

controller sends signals to motor. Various sensors are there to sense and give feedback to

the controller. In electric bicycle, the location of rotor is detected by Hall Effect sensor.

The controller differs according to particular uses. Better acceleration and smoother

working of electric bike a controller of better quality is used.

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Fig. 2 Controller Device

Plug: -

There are various ports which have different purposes: -

S.NO Cable Colors Functions

1. Red & Black (Large Battery Connections

Cable)
2. Yellow & Blue Motor Connections

3. Red & Blue Key Switch

4. Yellow & Black Brake

5. Red & Yellow Brake Light

6. Red & Black (Small Indicator Light

Cable)
7. Red, Black & Blue Speed Regulator

WORKING

The electric bicycles work on six components. The components are mentioned below: -

1) Battery

2) Motor Controller

3) BLDC Motor

4) DC-DC Converter

5) Battery Charger

These components are all together placed on a conventional bicycle frame thus making it

an electric bicycle.
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Fig. 3 Block Diagram of Electric Bicycle

1) Battery : – Lead acid batteries or Lithium ion Battery are two most common type

of batteries used in electric bicycle. It basically stores the energy while charging

and then uses the stored energy to power the motor. They are rechargeable type

batteries which can be recharged multiple times thus reducing the cost of bicycle.

The positive terminal of battery is at higher electrical potential energy and the

negative terminal is the source of electron when connected to electrical circuit.

2) Motor Controller: - It is used to control all the working of cycle.

3) Electric Motor: - We can use different motor according to our specification of

bicycle. Mostly BLDC Motor is used in the electric bicycle.

CONCLUSION

The report is made to show the specification and working of electrical bicycle. Electrical

bicycles are future of automobile industries and will further help in controlling the

pollution and improve the living of human beings.

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REFRENCES

1) Viswanath, M. (2018). A Literature Review on Hybrid Electric

Vehicles. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology.
ISSN: 2278-0181.
2) M.V.Ramesh,J.Amarnath,S.Kamakshaiah, B.Jawaharlal,
Gorantla.S.Rao (2011). “Speed Torque characteristics of Brushless
DC motor in either direction on load using ARM controller”. Journal
of Energy Technologies and Policy. ISSN 2225-0573.
3) P. Pillay and R. Krishnan (2002). “Modelling, simulation and analysis
of a Permanent magnet brushless DC motor drive”, IEEE Transaction
on Industrial Applications, Vol26, pp124-129.
4) Srivatsa Raghunath (2014). “Hardware Design Considerations for an
Electric Bicycle Using a BLDC Motor”, Texas Instruments,
SLVA642A, Revised June 2019.
5) K.Deepak, R.Gowtham, T.Hariharan, S.Manimaran& Dr. R.Seyezhai
(2016), “Simulation and Implementation of Electric Bicycle
employing BLDC Drive”,International Journal of Advanced Research
in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology (IJARBEST)ISSN
(ONLINE): 2395-695X Vol. 2, Issue 10.
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Footnotes
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Tables

Table 1

[Table Title]

Column Head Column Head Column Head Column Head Column Head
Row Head 123 123 123 123
Row Head 456 456 456 456
Row Head 789 789 789 789
Row Head 123 123 123 123
Row Head 456 456 456 456
Row Head 789 789 789 789

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applicable, footnotes). Start a new page for each table, include a table number and table

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Figures title:

0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

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