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BRICS Project - Iran PDF
BRICS Project - Iran PDF
BRICS Project:
Leakage detection and soil-pipe interactions
in water distribution systems
1
23/10/2019
BRICS Workshops:
South China
Africa Brazil
2018 2019 2020
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Invisible leakages???
Visible leakage!
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4
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Leakage Leak-soil
identification: interactions:
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Leakage intensity
Investiment/year:
10 million R$
Real losses: ~ 25%
Total losses: ~ 45%
Water balance:
Production x Consumption!
IDENTIFICATION OF LEAKAGES
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PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
𝒙𝒕𝒊$𝟏 − 𝑴𝑪𝒕𝒊$𝟏
>𝟑
𝑽𝑪𝒕𝒊$𝟏
Leakage “detection”:
30 – 60%
7
23/10/2019
RESIDENTIAL CONNECTIONS
EMPIRICAL CORRELATIONS
3000
2500
y = 0.084x
2000 R² = 0.88
Leakages
1500
1000
500
0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Connections
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EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Lab at ZJU:
Prof. Tingchao Yu
Prof. Yu Shao
𝑄
𝐶- =
𝐴 2𝑔Δ𝐻
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
DN25, λ=0.12
0.90 DN50, λ=0.06
DN100, λ=0.03
0.85
Cd 0.80
0.75
0.70
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
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EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Lab at UFC:
LABOSAN
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Anemometer
Water H'
H
Soil h
Water jet
Nozzle
Rotameter
Pump
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FLUENT SIMULATIONS
0.25
Exp. 1 (H=0.10m, d=0.27mm)
Exp. 2 (H=0.15m, d=0.27mm)
0.20
Exp. 3 (H=0.20m, d=0.27mm)
Exp. 4 (H=0.20m, d=0.31mm)
0.15
u (m/s)
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 100 200 300 400 500
Q (ml/s)
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FITTED RELATIONSHIPS
0.05
0.04 y = 0.015(x - 1)
R² = 0.89
Exp. 1
0.03 h/H < 1 h/H > 1
Exp. 2
u/U
Exp. 3
0.02 Exp. 4
CFD
Tang et al. [11]
0.01
kFr = 1 (h = H)
Adjusted line
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5
kFr
FITTED RELATIONSHIPS
1.6
Exps. 1-3
1.4 Exp. 4
1.2 CFD
Tang et al. [11]
1.0 Adjusted line
0.8
k
y = 1.5x
R² = 0.97
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
d (mm)
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0.5
cavity regime
0.4
0.3
H (m)
chimney regime
0.2
0.0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Q (ml/s)
PREDICTIVE EQUATION
16
H = 1m (a)
14 H = 2m
12 H = 3m
H = 4m
10
H = 5m
Q (l/s)
8
d = 0.3 mm
6
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
𝜋𝐷 7 D (cm)
𝑄= 𝑔𝐻
6𝑑
20
d = 0.1 mm (b)
18
d = 0.3 mm
16
d = 0.5 mm
14
d = 0.7 mm
12 d = 0.9 mm
Q (l/s)
10
8 H = 1.0 m
6
4
2
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
D (cm)
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16