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Synchronous
Synchronous
Synchronous motors
According to the definition of synchronous machines, synchronous motors rotate with its
speed proportional to the supply frequency.
Construction
In synchronous motors rotors are magnets with fixed pole that rotates under the influence
of rotating magnetic field created by the stator windings. A typical construction of the
synchronous motor is given below
A Synchronous motor.
For small motors, the field winding can be permanent magnet, but for large machines, the
fields are electromagnets. Supply to the field winding comes through brushes connected
to slip rings in rotating part.
Operation
Advantages
Power factor of the synchronous motors can be adjusted to unity by using a proper field
current relative to the load. Hence synchronous motors can be very efficient compared to
other motors.
If the motor is operated under over excited field and very light loading, a leading power
factor can be achieved for a better power factor correction of the whole installation (e.g.
factory). At this mode, the synchronous motor is called a synchronous capacitor.
Synchronous motors can rotate at constant speed even under variation of load, provided
that the load does not exceed specified limit.
Uses
Synchronous capacitors are used to improve the power factor of an installation and are
more economical in the large sizes than static capacitors.
Their construction allows for increased electrical efficiency when a low speed is required
as in ball mills.