9-7 Why are deflections limited in design? Deflections are limited for several reasons, 1. Deflections greater than (/250 of the span are visible and may be unsightly. 2. Excessive deflections may cause cracking of partitions, malfunctioning of doors and windows, and similar damage to non-structural elements, 3. Excessive deflections may interfere with the use of the structure, particularly if the structure supports machinery that must be carefully aligned. 4, Ponding of water on deflected roofs may overload the roofs. 5. Very large deflections may damage structural members and change the load path. 9-8 A simply supported beam with the cross section shown in Fig. P9-S has a span of 25 ft and supports an unfactored dead load of 1.5 kipsift, including its own self-weight plus an unfactored live load of 1.5 kips/ft. The concrete strength is 4500 psi. Compute (a) the immediate dead load deflection. (b) the immediate dead-plus-live load deflection. (©) the deflection occurring after partitions are installed. Assume that the partitions are installed one month after shoring for the beam is removed and assume that 20 percent of the live load is sustained. (a) the immediate dead load deflection. From question 9-5 we found: /, =18432 in’, M,, = 728.6 kips-in. 29x10° psi E, 570004500 psi Transformed area of steel = 7.58%(6x0.79)=35.93 in? 758 Compute location of neutral axis Let depth of neutral axis be c and sum moments about the neutral axis to zero. Part ‘Area, in Foi 45 sin? Compression ee “2 act Tension steel 35.93 (c-2095) 35.930—752.7 AV =80° + 35,930 ~ 752.7 =0 and c= 7.71 in, Thus, the neutral axis is 7.71 in, below the top of the beam, Compute I, Part Area, in? Tin, Town AF in Compression 123.4 3.85 ou 1829 Tension steel 35.93 13.24 - 6298 8738 in.1.5(kip/tt)x25°(f) 3 Thus, M, >M,, ->cracked section and need to calculate Iyy Unfactored dead load moment: My, = 117.2 kips-ft = 1406 kips-in, My y (728.6) (728.6) | Ma 7 1-{(Me) 7, ={ 7288) 19432 + 1-( 7288) }g738=10087 int me} te|Ge) |= Lane } (Ta5 } This isa simply supported beam with distributed loading, so using deflection Case | from Fig. 9- 13, the immediate dead load deflection can be calculated as 5 Myocl? 5 1406%1000%(25%12)° = 0,342 in, 48 ET 48—-3.824%10° «10087 (b)__theimmediate dend-puslve ond deflection. Unfactored dead plus live load moment: 3.0(kip/ft)x25°(f?) rin.) a obeniny (0) 8 ft) (7286) eqap..| (728 8) [las |= 2812 kips-in, ““lasr2J So using again the deflection Case 1 from Fig. 9-13, the immediate dead-plus-live-load deflection can be calculated as: 5. 2812%1000%(25 x12) PANG8” 3.82410" x8907 18738-8907 in’ = 0.774 in, (©) the deflection occurring after partitions are installed. Assume that the Partitions are installed one month after shoring for the beam is removed and assume that 20 percent of the live load is sustained, The deflection occurring after the partitions are installed can be calculated from Eq. (9-14): A=Ay +A(to) Ay + Ans, The immediate dead load deflection, A,,, was found from part (a) to be 0.342 in, However, after the live load has been applied and the beam has cracked, the deflection due to dead Toad will be increased by an amount equal to the ratio of the J, values used in part (a) and (b). Thus the immediate dead load deflection on the structure which has been loaded to D+L will be calculated and used in Eq, (9-14). 10087 8907 = 0.342 Aw 387 in, The immediate live load deflection, A, , is found as: Ay =Aiuap ~ Ap = 0.774 in,—0,387 in, = 0.387 in, Twenty percent of this results from sustained live loads, so: Ays = 0.20% 0.387 in, = 0,077 in, 9-6