Mathematics Part -2B

Prepared by Eng. Maged Kamel

Civil Engineer.
Review the forms of complex number .

1- Geometric Interpretation

imaginar
y

Real

2- Polar Form
Angle in degrees imaginar
y

the argument of z Real

3-Exponential Form

Euler Form

(r cos𝜃 ,r sin𝜃 )

𝜃
When 𝜃 = 0 The left side : 1+0i right side = cos (0)+i sin (0) =1+0i

𝜃 = 𝜋 /2
When 𝜃 = 𝜋/2 The left side (0, -1 ) right side = cos ( 𝜋 /2)+i sin( 𝜋/2 )
=(0+1j) (0,1
)
𝜃 =𝜋 The left side -1 right side = cos ( 𝜋 )+i sin( 𝜋 ) =( -1+0i )

Example : Express the complex number for 𝜃 =3 𝜃 (1,0)

=𝜋
1 rad =(1*180/𝜋) =
(-1,0) 𝜃=0
57.2957 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒

𝑒 3𝑖 = cos (3 rad) + I sin (3 rad).i

3.1415926.
Unit circle where r=1
𝑒 3𝑖 = cos (3 rad) + I sin (3 rad).i
1 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 57.29577 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒
3 rad =156.8874
𝑒 3𝑖 = -0.990 + 0.141 i degrees
𝜃 = 𝜋 /2
(0,1
)
Z= 1 (cos (3*57.2727)+i sin (3*57.2727) =-0.989821+0.1411205 i

𝜃 𝜃=0
=𝜋
(-1,0) (1,0)

Unit circle where r=1

 Example: express the following number 3 + 4i in exponent form

Solution
Convert the degree to rad i.e − 1
tan (𝜃 )= 4/3 =1.33333

r=(3^2+4^2)^0.50=5 𝜃 =53.130 degrees

θ rad = 0.927295

5𝑒 0.927295𝑖 = 5( cos (0.927295 rad) + I sin (0.927295 rad).i) =3+4.00 I =5 (cos (53.13+ i.sin (53.130)
imaginar
y (3,4)

real
θ = 53.13
θ rad = 0.927295
 Adding two complex Numbers
Example: Add the following numbers Z1= 5𝒆
𝟎.𝟑𝟎 𝒊 & Z2= 3𝒆𝟐.𝟓𝟎 𝒊

Solution :
Z1= 5(Cos (0.30)+i. sin (0.30) =5(0.9553+i.(0.2955 )
Z1= 5𝒆𝟎.𝟑𝟎 𝒊 Z2= 3𝒆𝟐.𝟓𝟎 𝒊
Z2= 3(Cos (2.50)+ i. sin(2.50)I =3(-0.8011+i.(0.5985 )

Z1+Z2= 5((0.9553)+i.(0.2955))+ 3(-0.8011+i.(0.5985 )=2.37+i.3.273

Multiply two complex Numbers
Example: Multiply the following numbers Z1= 5𝒆
𝟎.𝟑𝟎 𝒊 & Z2= 3𝒆𝟐.𝟓𝟎 𝒊
Solution : Z1= 5𝒆𝟎.𝟑𝟎 𝒊 Z2= 3𝒆𝟐.𝟓𝟎 𝒊
Z1= 5(Cos (0.30)+i. sin (0.30) =5(0.9553+i.(0.2955 )
Z1.Z2= 5𝒆𝟎.𝟑𝟎 𝒊 * 3𝒆𝟐.𝟓𝟎 𝒊 =15 𝒆(𝟐.𝟖𝟎 𝒊
Z2= 3(Cos (2.50)+ i. sin(2.50)I =3(-0.8011+i.(0.5985 )
15((-0.94214+i(0.334975))
Z1.Z2=( 15)* (0.9553+i.0.2955)*(-0.8011+i.0.5985)
cos-1(θ ) =(-0.94214) θ =2.80 rad
=15((-0.76529-0.17685)+i.(0.5717-0.236725)
Three Cube root of +8 X^3-8=0 imaginary

Need value of x
8(cos 0+i.sin0)

𝜃=0

3 0+360(0)
For k =0 first root 𝜔0 = 8( cos ( ) 𝜃+i. sin (-1+ 3 i )
3
(0+360(0)
𝜃 = 2(( cos 0)+i. sin (0))=-2+0i
3
3 0+360(1) 𝜃
For k =1 Second root 𝜔1= 8( cos ( ) 𝜃+i. sin
3 r=+2 (+2,0)
(0+360(1) (-2,0) Real
( 𝜃) 1 (2,0)
3 = 2(( cos 120)+i. sin (120))=-1+i. 31

3 360(2) (-1- 3 i )
For k =2 third root 𝜔2= 8( cos ( ) 𝜃+i. sin
3
(0+360(2)
( 𝜃) = 2(( cos 240)+i. sin (240))=-1-i. 3 1
1
3
Three Cube root of +8 X^3-8=0

Need value of x in the exponent

8(𝑒 𝑜𝑖) = 8(cos 0 + 𝑖. sin0)
imaginary
𝜃=0

3 3 0+2𝜋(0)
For k =0 first root 𝜔0 = 8 𝑒 (0𝑖) = 8 ( cos ( ) (-1+ 3 i )
3
(0+2𝜋(0)
𝜃+i. sin 𝜃 = 2(( cos 0)+i. sin (0))=+2+0i
3
3 3
8 𝑒 (0.666 𝜋𝑖) =
𝜃
For k =1 Second root 𝜔1= 8( cos
0+2𝜋(1) (0+2𝜋(1) r=+2
( ) 𝜃+i. sin ( 𝜃) (-2,0) (+2,0) Real
3 3
1
= 2(( cos 2𝜋/3)+i. sin (2𝜋/3))=-1+i. 3 1
3 3 0+2𝜋(2)
For k =2 third root 𝜔2= 8 𝑒 (1.333 𝜋𝑖) 8( cos ( ) (-1- 3 i )
3
(0+2𝜋(2)
𝜃+i. sin ( 𝜃) 1
3
= 2(( cos 4𝜋/3)+i. sin (4𝜋/3))=-1-i. 3 1
Example : for Z = 3+3i , find Z‫ ٿ‬4 and the third cube root of Z
Need value of Z in the exponent form
Part A angle in degree =45
degree
r=((3)^2+(3)^2)^0.50=4.242 𝜃=𝜋/4
imaginary
4.242(𝑒 𝜋/4𝑖) = 4.242(cos 𝜋/4 + 𝑖. sin 𝜋/4)

Z‫ ٿ‬4 =4.242^4(𝑒 4𝜋/4𝑖) ) =4.242^4(cos 4𝜋/4 + 𝑖. sin 4𝜋/4)

(-323.80,0i)
= 323.8 (𝑒 𝜋𝑖)
Real
example : for Z = 3+3i , find Z‫ ٿ‬4 and the third cube root of Z
Need value of Z in the exponent form
Part B angle in degree =45
degree
r=((3)^2+(3)^2)^0.50=4.242 𝜃=𝜋/4
π 2𝜋𝑘
𝜔𝑘=Z^1Τ3 =4.242^0.333 (𝑒 (12+ 3 )𝑖 )
3 3 𝜋/4+2𝜋(0) (𝜋/4+2𝜋(0)
For k =0 first root 𝜔0 = 4.242 𝑒 (𝜋/12𝑖) = 4.242 ( cos ( ) 𝜃+i. sin
3 3
𝜃) 𝜋 𝜋
𝜔0 = 1.61929((cos ) + 𝑖. sin( ))
12 12
𝜔0 = 1.61929(0.96596)+i.0.25869))=

𝜔0= 1.5641+i.0.419

9𝜋)
4.242 𝑒 (9𝜋/12𝑖) =
3 3
For k =1 2nd root 𝜔1 = 4.242 ( cos ( 12 ) 𝜃+i. sin
(9𝜋)
𝜃)𝜔1 = 1.61929(-0.7062)+i.0.70795))
12
𝜔1= -1.41436+i.1.414
 π 2𝜋𝑘
𝜔𝑘=Z^1Τ3 =4.242^0.333 (𝑒 (12+ 3 )𝑖 )
17𝜋) (17𝜋)
4.242 𝑒 (11𝜋/12𝑖) =
3 3
For k =2 3nd root 𝜔1 = 4.242 ( cos ( ) 𝜃+i. sin 𝜃)
12 12

𝜔2 = 1.61929(-0.261)-i.0.9653))

(1.461+0.419
𝜔2 =-0.422 -i.1.56316))
i) 𝜔0
𝜔1
-1.41436+i.1.414

𝜃=𝜋/4

𝜔2
-0.422-i.1.56