Basahin Muna

Sa pagsasalin, mahalagang mailipat sa pinakamalapit na katumbas na diwa at estilo ang isasalin.

Ayon kay E. Nida (1959/ 1966):

“Ang pagsasalingwika ay muling paglalahad sa pinagsasalinang wika ng pinakamalapit

na natural na katumbas ng orihinal ang mensaheng isinasaad ng wika, una’y batay sa
kahulugan, at ikalawa’y batay sa istilo.”

Mayroong iba’t ibang mga paraan o metodo ng pagsasalin.

(1) Salita-sa-salita
Word-for-word translation ang tawag dito sa Ingles at katumbas ito ng sinabi ni Savory (1968)
na: A translation must give the words of the original. Ginagamit ito para ipakita ang kahulugan
ng mga salita at estruktura ng mga wikang tinatalakay.
Halimbawa:
John gave me an apple.
Juan nagbigay sa akin mansanas. (Tukuyin ang mahahalagang salita)
Si Juan ay nagbigay sa akin ng mansanas. (Buuin ang pangungusap)

(2) Literal
Sa metodong ito, ang estruktura ng Simulaang Lenggwahe (SL) ang sinusunod at hindi ang
natural at mas madulas na daloy ng Tunguhang Lenggwahe (TL). Kadalasan ding ang
pangunahing katuturan (primary sense) ng salita ang ibinibigay na panumbas, hindi ang salitang
may pinakamalapit na kahulugan sa orihinal.
Halimbawa:
My father is a fox farmer. That is, he raised silver foxes, in pens; and in the fall and early
winter, when their fur was prime, he killed them and skinned them. (Mula sa maikling
kuwentong “Boys and Girls” ni Alice Munro)

Ang tatay ko ay isang magsasaka ng lobo. Iyon, siya ay nagpapalaki ng mga lobong pilak;
at sa taglagas at maagang taglamig, kung ang kanilang balahibo ay pinakamataas, siya ay
pinapatay sila at binabalatan sila.

(3) Adaptasyon
Ito ang itinuturing na pinakamalayang anyo ng salin dahil may pagkakataon na malayo na ito sa
orihinal. Kadalasang ginagamit ito sa salin ng awit, tula at dula na halos tono na lamang o
pangkalahatang mensahe ang nailipat sa salin.
Halimbawa:
Que sera sera! Ay sirang-sira!
Whatever will be, will be Ano ang mangyayari
The future’s not ours to see Di makikita ang bukas
Que sera sera! Ay sirang sira!
(4) Malaya
Ayon kina Almario, et. al., ito ay “malaya at walang kontrol. At parang hindi na isang salin.”
Ipinahihintulot nito ang pagdadagdag o pagbabawas ng mga salita na mas makakapagpalutang
ng kahulugan ng orihinal.
Halimbawa:
“For the last twenty years since he is burrowed into this one-room apartment near
Baclaran Church, Francisco Buda often strolled to the seawall and down the stone
breakwater which stretched from a sandy bar into the murky and oil- tinted bay.”
(Mula sa “The Drowning” ni F. Sionil Jose)

Mayroon nang dalawampung taon siyang tumira sa isang apartment na malapit sa

simbahan ng Baclaran. Si Francisco Buda ay mahilig maglibang sa breakwater na
mabuhangin at malangis.

(5) Matapat
Sinisikap ibigay ang eksaktong kahuluan ng orihinal habang sinusundan naman ang
estrukturang gramatikal ng SL. Kung paano inihanay ang mga salita sa SL, gayon din ang
ginagawang paghahanay ng mga salita sa TL. Dahil dito, nagkakaroon ng problema sa madulas
na daloy ng salin.
Halimbawa:
When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a
sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to
see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant – a combined
gardener and cook – had seen in the last yen years.

Nang mamatay si Bb. Grierson, ang buong bayan ay pumunta sa kanyang libing: ang mga
kalalakihan, upang magpakita ng isang uri ng magalang na pagmamahal sa isang
nabuwal na monumento, ang kababaihan, dahil sa pag-uusyoso upang makita ang loob
ng kanyang bahay, na walang ibang nakakita kundi isang matandang utusang lalaki – na
hardinero- kusinero – sa nakalipas na di kukulangin sa sampung taon.

(6) Idyomatiko
Ang mensahe ng orihinal ay isinasalin sa paraang magiging madulas at natural ang daloy ng TL.
Ginagamit dito ang idyoma ng TL at sadyang nagiging iba ang porma ng pahayag ngunit
ipinapahayag ang mensahe sa paraang kawili- wiling basahin.
Halimbawa:
The boy had runny nose.
Tumutulo ang ilong ng bata (hindi tumatakbo).
 Gawaing Pagsasalin

A. Gamit ang metodong salita-sa-salita, isalin ang mga sumusunod na pangungusap

1. The music is too loud for my ears.

2. David went to the store.
3. Annie ate breakfast and then went to school.
4. The girl ran into her bedroom.
5. Some students like to study in the morning.
6. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
7. I am going to the store to buy more milk and bread.
8. He took my bicycle.
9. I see beauty in nature.
10. The man dreamt of flying in his sleep.

B. Gamit ang metodong indyomatiko, isalin ang mga sumusunod na pangungusap.

1. She was on cloud nine after receiving the good news.

2. Carol’s new bag costs an arm and a leg!
3. At the age of 93, he is still fit as a fiddle!
4. All our efforts in entering the contest went down the drain.
5. In a nutshell, we will run out of cash in three months time.
6. Joey decided to burn the midnight oil just to finish his project.
7. My parents wanted me to give up writing, but I dug in my heels and went on to become a famous
writer.
8. If you want to win this competition, you’ll have to step up your game.
9. I can’t believe you sold me out, I trusted you!
10. He was tickled pink by all the compliments she’d received.

C. Gumamit ng kahit anong metodo ng pagsasalin upang mainam na maisalin ang mga sumusunod na
talata. (5 puntos para sa bawat talata)

1. The Cult of the Tatarin is celebrated on three days: the feast of St. John and the two preceding days.
On the first night, a young girl heads the procession; on the second, a mature woman; and on the third,
a very old woman who dies and comes to life again. In these processions, as in those of Pakil and
Obando, everyone dances. (mula sa “The Summer Solstice” ni Nick Joaquin)

2. He went to where Miss Mijares sat, a tall, big man, walking with an economy of movement, graceful
and light, a man who knew his body and used it well. He sat in the low chair worn decrepit by countless
other interviewees and laid all ten fingerprints carefully on the edge of her desk. She pushed a sheet
towards him, rolling a pencil along with it. While he read the questions and wrote down his answers, she
glanced at her watch and saw that it was ten. (mula sa “The Virgin” ni Kerima Polotan)

3. The woodcutter who had sheltered Basilio in the mountains as a boy was still alive and healthy,
although his hair had turned completely white. He no longer went hunting or wood-gathering, his
fortunate had improved and now he made brooms as a pastime. (mula sa salin sa Ingles ni Leon Ma.
Guerrero ng El Filibusterismo)
4. He had always been a dancer, my old professor. The music didn’t matter. Rock and roll, big band, the
blues. He loved them all. He would close his eyes and with a blissful smile begin to move to his own
sense of rhythm. It wasn’t always pretty. But then, he didn’t worry about a partner. Morrie danced by
himself. (mula sa “Tuesday’s with Morrie” ni Mitch Albom)

5. “We read because they teach us about people, we can see ourselves in them, in their problems. And
by seeing ourselves in them, we clarify ourselves, we explain ourselves to ourselves, s o we can live with
ourselves.” (mula sa “Ermita” ni F. Sionil Jose.

D. Isalin ang mga sumusunod na pangungusap sa Ingles.

1. Gustong sumali ni Buboy sa paligsahan ngunit nahihiya siya.

2. Pupunta ako sa Japan sa susunod na buwan para magtrabaho doon.
3. Si Beth ang pansamantalang mamamahala sa tindahan habang wala ang may-ari.
4. Mayaman ang bansang Pilipinas pero naghihirap ang mamamayang Pilipino.
5. Kailangan ng edukasyon upang matuto ang tao na bumasa at sumulat, malaman ang kanyang
kapaligiran, mapag-aralan ang lipunan, at makipagtalastasan sa iba.