Lesson 1: Human Rights
 In the Philippines, an author
A SNIPPET OF ONE’S HUMAN
RIGHTS
 Before birth, the baby being
carried by the mother has the
right to live.
 At birth, nationality and privileges
such as entitlements to properties
or social services.
 As a child, privileges expand as
child care, education, and health
are present.
 At age of majority, it expands to
political rights such as suffrage*
*Suffrage – the right to vote in
elections.
WHAT IS HUMAN RIGHTS?
 According to Office of the United
Nations High Commissioner for
Human Rights (OHCHR) it is “the
rights inherent to all human
beings whatever our
nationality, place of residence,
sex, national or ethnic origin,
color, religion, language or any
other status.”
QUICK FACT!
named Aurelio Reyes argued that
human rights or “karapatang
pantao” began with establishment
of Katipunan in the late 19th
Century – not with the
gratification of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights in
1945.
ROLE OF STATE IN HUMAN RIGHTS:
 The state performs significant
role and entails obligations in the
concept of human rights.
 The state have an obligation to
respect and fulfill human rights.
 The state refrains from interfering
within curtailing the enjoyment of
human rights, instead it facilitates
the idea of human rights.
 The states are required to
safeguard individuals and groups
against human right abuses.
ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS IN HUMAN
RIGHTS:
 Individuals must safeguard an
healthy and safe environment for
both present and future
generations.
 In a community, each individual
are expect to respect other
individual’s rights and if needed,
advocate for the rights of a
defined community.
 Individuals has the obligation
protect our air, land and water
resources for the humanity such
as access to clean and safe
drinking water.
QUICK FACT!
 According to a recent study, at
least 55 Filipinos die every
day because in lack of clean
water.
FEW OF THE BASIC HUMAN
RIGHTS:
 The right to live.
 This is connected among
other basic human rights.
 It sums up the whole
concept of human rights.
 The right to live in a
habitable environment.
 The right to have access to
food and clean water.
SUBTOPIC:
GENDER EQUALITY
WHAT IS GENDER
EQUALITY?
 It is defined as “the equal
rights, responsibilities, and
opportunities of women, men,
girls and boys.” (UN Entity for
Gender Equality and the
Empowerment of Women)
 Defined as “the measurable
equal representation of men
and women” (International
Planned Parenthood
Federation)
 It does not denote both
genders are the same, thus it
recognizes that man and
woman are equal in value and
should acquire equal
treatment and opportunities.
HISTORY OF GENDER
EQUALITY/INEQUALITY:
 Women are excluded from
learning institutions in every
culture up until 18th Century.
 In 20th Century, women except
from some monarchs and rulers
were not considered citizens and
lumped with children and the
incapacitated as non-citizens.
 In most civilized countries,
inequalities between genders are
manifested in differences in
activities and responsibilities
undertaken.
 GENDER INEQUALITY
3 MAJOR ASPECTS:

1. Men often experience better

opportunities, more freedom and
higher social regard than women
who share the same social
characteristics.

2. Men often hold more weight in

marriages and other direct
relationships between men and
women.

3. Men predominantly occupy social

positions that possess significant
political, economic, legal, or
cultural power.
 Lesson 2 : Social Justice
1.) SOCIAL JUSTICE
- The humanization of laws and the
equalization of social and economic
forced by the state. --- (Former
President an Chief Justice Jose P.
Laurel)
2.) JUSTICE
7.) "Societies must guarantee the
potential of each individual to basic
liberties and provide a platform for
individuals to actualize these potentials."
--- John Rawls
8.) Social Justice
- anchored heavily on the idea that
justice is based on basic human rights
and each individual must have an
opportunity to exercise these rights

3.) The harmonization of function --- - promotes the equitable use of rights for
Plato all individuals

- Each individual within a society has a

particular role to play and the proper
9.) A system of Law that seek to attain
functioning of each individual brings
the following objectives:
harmony to society; thus, justice is
attained. --- Former Senator Jose W. Diokno
*Respect our rights and freedoms as
individuals and as a people
4.) Is consequential --- John Locke
*Eliminate poverty as quickly as our
- In pursuit of our wants and needs, our
resources and abilities would allow
individual actions result to favorable or
unfavorable outcomes. *First, provide everyone with their basic
material needs; then improve their
standard of living
5.) *Legal Tradition of Punitive
*Change institutions and structures to
Justice
address inequalities
- When we pursue our rights and the
consequence of our actions is
detrimental to the right of another, we
ought to be punished and our rights
curtailed.

6.) Contractual agreements to provide

fairness and equity to everyone
 Chapter 2
Community Engagement- collaborative
working process among affliated groups
or individuals. It is a vehicle for social
change, mobilizes resources and
system, and strengthens social
relationships.
Pillars of Community Engagement
Information
Consultation
Involvement
Empowerment
2 Modes of Community Engagement
People Empowerment - refer to
processes that increase community
autonomy and individual self
determination.
"People empowerment aims to ensure
that people have the right set of skills
and opportunities they need to live
better and dignified lives. "
----US Sec. Gen. Ban Ki Moon
Advocacy- refer to enabling
marginalized groups and promoting their
individual rights. It is a process of
supporting people and communities via
access to information and services and
advancing or promoting their rights in a
larger or more institutionalized sphere.
Challenges to Advocacy and People
Empowerment :
Armed conflict especially in
Mindanao,which caused deaths, injuries,
and displacement of families among
others.
Rising costs of basic commodities,
specifically rice and fuel.
Lack of prosecution powers of the
Commission on Human Rights.
Judges are often unfamiliar with
international conventions relating to
economic, social and cultural rights,
except for those related to work
conditions and the right to organize.
Lack of effective redress mechanisms
against human rights violations,
especially to victims of forced evictions,
agrarian-related violence, or abused
overseas workers.
Debt servicing, which limits the
resources for basic social services, such
as education, health and agrarian
reform; and
Corruption, which limits funds for social
services for the poor.
NGO's are usually burdened with the
following concerns:
Financial Support
Carrying and Campaigns
Credibility
Harassment by state and non-state
actors
Ensure the sustainability of the NGO
Campaigning for their advocacies
Lobby for pertinent legislation,
government policies, and the
implementation if existing laws
Maintain a trusting and cooperative
relationship with the served community
 Participatory Development- directly
involves local communities in developing
projects. It is a process through which
stakeholders influence and share control
over development initiatives---and over
the decisions and resources that affect
themselves.
Core Characteristics of Participatory
Development
1. Cognitive- generates new ways if
understanding community issues and
problems;
2. Political- it capacitates the powerless;
and
3. Instrumental- it proposes alternative
solutions.
2 Perspective
1. Social Movement Perspective-
characterized by the progressive actions
of a community in fighting injustices and
inequalities in the distribution of
economic and political powers.
2. Institutional Perspective- defines
participatory development as the scope
and gathering of inputs by various
parties on a development projects---from
conceptualization to concretization.
Forms of Participatory Development
Passive Participation
Participation by Consultation
Participation by Collaboration
Empowerment Participation
* Tokenism- wherein only a few locals
from the community are hand-picked to
prove its Participatory credentials.