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Chapter 2.9-3.1-3.2-3.3
Chapter 2.9-3.1-3.2-3.3
Today’s Objective:
Students will be able to use the vector dot
product to:
a) determine an angle between In-Class Activities:
two vectors, and, • Check Homework
b) determine the projection of a vector • Reading Quiz
along a specified line.
• Applications / Relevance
• Dot product - Definition
• Angle Determination
• Determining the Projection
• Concept Quiz
• Group Problem Solving
• Attention Quiz
APPLICATIONS
Examples: By definition, i • j = 0
i•i = 1
For the given two vectors in the Cartesian form, one can find the
angle by
a) Finding the dot product, A • B = (AxBx + AyBy + AzBz ),
b) Finding the magnitudes (A & B) of the vectors A & B, and
c) Using the definition of dot product and solving for , i.e.,
= cos-1 [(A • B)/(A B)], where 0º 180º .
DETERMINING THE PROJECTION OF A VECTOR
A = (A 2 - A|| 2) ½ and
A = A – A||
(rearranging the vector sum of A = A + A|| )
EXAMPLE
Given: The force acting on the hook
at point A.
Find: The angle between the force
vector and the line AO, and
the magnitude of the
projection of the force along
the line AO.
Plan:
1. Find rAO
2. Find the angle = cos-1{(F • rAO)/(F rAO)}
3. Find the projection via FAO = F • uAO (or F cos )
EXAMPLE
(continued)
rAO = {1 i + 2 j 2 k} m
rAO = (12 + 22 + 22)1/2 = 3 m
F = { 6 i + 9 j + 3 k} kN
F = (62 + 92 + 32)1/2 = 11.22 kN
Plan:
1. Find rAO
2. Find the angle = cos-1{(F • rAO)/(F rAO)}
3. The find the projection via FAO = F • uAO or F cos
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
rAO = {4 i 4 j 2 k} ft.
rAO = (42 + 42 + 22)1/2 = 6 ft.
Straps
APPLICATIONS
(continued)
For a spool of given weight,
how would you find the
forces in cables AB and AC
? If designing a spreader
bar like this one, you need
to know the forces to make
sure the rigging doesn’t fail.
APPLICATIONS
(continued)
For a given force exerted on the boat’s towing pendant, what are the
forces in the bridle cables? What size of cable must you use?
COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEMS
(Section 3.3)
Free Body Diagrams are one of the most important things for you
to know how to draw and use.
FBD at A FB
30˚
FD A A x
FC = 392.4 N
+ Fx = FB cos 30º – FD = 0
+ Fy = FB sin 30º – 392.4 N = 0
Solving the second equation gives: FB = 785 N →
From the first equation, we get: FD = 680 N ←
SPRINGS, CABLES, AND PULLEYS
T1
T2
y FBA
FBC =100.4 lb
Now move on to ring B.
15 45 A FBD for B should look
x
like the one to the left.
WF
1000 lb
1000 lb 1000 lb
(A) (B) (C)
1) Assuming you know the geometry of the ropes, you cannot
determine the forces in the cables in which system above?
2) Why?
A) The weight is too heavy.
B) The cables are too thin.
C) There are more unknowns than equations.
D) There are too few cables for a 1000 lb weight.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
Given: The box weighs 550 lb and
geometry is as shown.
Find: The forces in the ropes AB
and AC.
Plan:
1. Draw a FBD for point A.
2. Apply the E-of-E to solve for the
forces in ropes AB and AC.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
(continued)
y FC FBD at point A
FB
5 3
30˚ 4
A x
FD = 550 lb
30 A 40
100 lb
F1 F2
A
A) B)
30 40°
100 lb
A
F F1 F2
C) 30° D) 30° 40°
A
A
100 lb 100 lb
ATTENTION QUIZ
B) F2 cos 50° – 20 = 0
C) F2 sin 50° – F1 = 0
D) F2 cos 50° + 20 = 0