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Automation in Electricity Distribution

Article · February 2015

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Dinesh R. Gawade Sagar R. Patil

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ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print) IJECT Vol. 6, Issue 1, Jan - March 2015

Automation in Electricity Distribution

1
Dinesh R. Gawade, 2Sagar R. Patil, Vivek D. Chaudhari
1,3
Dept. of ECT, Dept. of Technology, Shivaji University Kolhapur, India
2
Dept. of ECE, Parikrama Polytechnic Kashti, Ahmednagar, India

Abstract station and SDP like billing, status of electricity, and availability
In 21th century most useful thing in human life is electricity. In of electricity, transformer status at SDP and oil level are monitored
today’s world, most of the work is done by automatic system. by MDP.
Conventional electrical distribution system operates manually,
where providing billing information &manually receiving report II. Device at User Station and SDP
of any problem becomes easy. Due to manual operation some
problems are caused like theft of electricity, long time required
to get solution of simple problem if electricity cut-off occurs or
power line breaks then we can’t get immediately the solution
on that. People have to go to the distribution office and report
about it. And after that electricity management team takes
action on that. This consumes a list of time. Our paper provides
complete solution on all above problems. It contains wireless
communication system in which MDP (Main Distribution Point/
Main Distribution Controller) can communicate with all the users
associated with it. Main distribution sends the data to US (User
Station/base station) about billing i.e. amount of bill and receive
data from US like recharge request, bill paying request. Here we
use the advance device at user station and SDP (Sub Distribution
Point) which can wirelessly communicate with MDP. In this device Fig. 1: Structure of Device at User Station & SDP
it contains a processor, memory, display, digital energy meter,
keypad and wireless communication module (GSM, Ethernet) etc. Conventional energy meter at user station and SDP are replaced
At MDP side, a computer is situated. Which is able to receive all by standard digital device which is capable of communicating
information from the user station and SDP. MDP monitors the US with the computer at MDP. It contains the digital energy meter
and SDP and displays the related message on computer screen. which can give the information about of energy used by the load
This system is capable to provide recharge system, auto-billing (user) in digital form. Energy meter measures the in voltage and
cut off reporting system. load current and multiplying then we obtain power (P=V*I watt)
and power multiplied by time we get energy (E = P*t joule). Here
Keyword energy is measured in kWh. The energy been used by user in stored
Device at User station & SDP, theft of electricity, Auto billing , into memory and displayed on display screen with the help of
Auto recharge ,Cut off solution. processor. After interval of time that may be 1 hour, 2 hour or so on
. Amount of energy used by the user is send to MDP computer via
I. Introduction the wireless communication module [3]. Wireless communication
It contains wireless operated system where MDP automatically may be any wireless technology like GSM, ETHERNET, WLL or
know the status of SDP and US. US automatically receives the dialup, depending upon economical point of view feature demand.
information about the amount of billing in that particular month. Device at user station provides the identity (ID) depending type
People from MDP do not require to distribute the bill paper as of user suppose at KHAIRI village have commercial industrial,
like in the conventional system. If electricity cut off occurs then and domestic user then user ID is provide on the basic of area
user can send report MDP from its neighbouring user station, so type of user and user no. ex. KHAC01, KHA= first three letter
we do not need to go at MDP and report our problem. Here we of area, C =type of user C= commercial, D=domestic, 01=user
can also provide recharge system like mobile recharge system no. Hence we distinguish between different users.
(prepaid) that is first paid and then use the electricity. When cut off
occurs in whole village (some area of city or town)due to power III. Finding Theft of Electricity
line break of then all user station related with that village is not
able to communicate with MDP hence MDP understand that some
problem has been caused in power line network in that village
or in that particular area. It also has ability to detect where the
theft of electricity take place and detect the theft [1]. Its complete
replacement of today’s manually operated electricity distribution
system it provide many advantages like it can eliminate the task
of workers like collecting data from user station, bill providing
etc. it is totally automated hence can easily detect the theft of
electricity, fast problem detecting and also has problem solving
capacity. Due to availability of auto operation it is easily possible
to disconnect whole electricity of any area or electric line of user
station from MDP computer [2]. Each and every status of user Fig. 2: Theft of Electricity

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IJECT Vol. 6, Issue 1, Jan - March 2015
Most of the people steal the electricity by connecting the load
before energy meter instead of connecting it into its given output
point. Also stealing of electricity by connecting or knobbing on
open power line. Hence finding these theft is necessary. Our
system monitors the power at SDP as well as user station [4].
If we considering no losses in power line or constant losses
in it then we can say that the energy measure at SDP (SDP02
in fig. 3)is equal to the individual sum of all energy measured
at all user station related to SDP(SDP02 in fig. 3) i.e. ESDP=
EUS1+EUS2+EUS2+……….+ EUSn. If we consider five users connected
to SDP02 in fig. 3 and energy measured at US01(user station 01) is
1kWh, at US02 is 2 kWh, at US03 is 6 kWh, at US04 is 5 kWh, at
US05IS 7 kWh and energy measured at all user station of SDP02
then we can say that stealing of electricity has taken place i.e.
22kWh=1kWh+2kWh+6kWh+5kWh+7kWh. If energy measured
at SDP02 not equal to the sum of all energy measured at all user
station of SDP02 then we come to know that stealing is occurred.
i. e. 22kWh≠ 1kWh+2kWh+0kWh+5kWh+7kWh [5-6].
Fig. 3: Power Distributions
Due to theft of electricity meter display show zero reading (in
which theft take place) is then send to MDP in hourly manner
and MDP take decision who the thief of electricity is. In above
case US03 is the thief because the meter shows zero energy used
and other user meter shows some energy used hence we surely
tell the US03 is the thief. But if more than one user meter shows
zero energy used then some difficult task occurs to find theft.
Then we prefer the previous hour reading previous day reading,
38 International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology
ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)
and previously week reading considering all these, we make
probability about thief. Putting those meter user into black list,
monitoring it’s continuously for some days and after that make
out the probability. In such case we can’t surely tell the probability
of theft [7-8]. But here we 100% surely tell the area where the
electricity has been stiller.
IV. Auto Billing System
Today’s electricity bill is payee by going to bank, post office online
or by mobile but all these facilities can’t available for each and
every user. Most people face language barrier in operating billing
software also costly mobile phone not available with village level
user hence we provide auto billing keypad .that provides users
facility to pay their bills from home itself [9]. MDP send amount
of bill in particular month to user station .user can see amount
bill by pressing bill button of keypad [10-11]. if he want to
pay the bill then press bill button then system ask his ATM NO.,
PASSWORD OF ATM, Amount, after pressing OK button all
data send to MDP, MDP computer connected to the internet, it
receive all information from user station and takes money from
user account to distribution center account and acknowledgement
send to the user station about successfully payment of bill [12].
V. Cut Off Reporting
If electricity cut off or any problem occurred at user station, user
goes to neighboring user station presses the CUT OFF (see fig. 4)
button of keypad. Then system ask about is ID, its problem after
filling above information press ok button on keypad [10]. then
MDP knows the problem of user and distribution office take action
on that .If main power line breaks then whole user station and SDP
not able to communicate with MDP then MDP assume as break
off power line taken place in that particular area[13-14].
VI. Auto Recharge System
Fig. 4: Auto Recharge System
We also provide the prepaid recharge system i.e. first pay and
then used electricity. Hence user can recharge first before using
the electricity depending on the charge the MDP providing energy
[15]. If available energy is zero then the processor send zero
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signal to the relay and it cut’s the electricity .after recharging
processor send non zero signal to the relay and user can use the
electricity [16].
VII. Result
Fig. 5: Meter Display
VIII. Conclusion
By using this system we can automatically know the status of user
station and SDP .it also help to find electricity theft and hence
we can save the electricity .due to prepaid recharge system many
people used the electricity carefully.(no any buddy want to go
MDP to reporting about problems)hence its provides complete
automation in the distribution of electricity . It also overcomes
problem of less manpower required for collecting the data from
user station.
Reference
[1] I. A. Adejumbi, Adebayo, A. J. Alanipekun,“Development
Of Microcontroller Based Electric Power Distribution
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[2] NehaGaur, Priyanka Gaur,“Automation in power distribution
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[3] Behroz, A. F.,"Data Communication and networking",
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[4] Sanjeevsharma, Sonia, Shushil Kumar,“Intelligent automated
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[5] V. K. Mehta, Rohitmehata,“Basic Electrical Engineering”,
S. CHAND, Revised Edition, New Delhi, pp. 882-909.
[6] M. M. Ahmed, W.L. Soo, M. A. M. Hanafiah, M.R.A.
Ghani,“Development of customize distribution automation
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[7] M. McGranaghan, F. Goodman,“Technical And System
Requirement For Advance Distribution Automation”,
w w w. i j e c t. o r g
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CIRED2005 Session No 5. 18th international on electricity
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[8] David, J. D.,“POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION”, shweitzer
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[9] Palak Parikh,“DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AUTOMATION”,
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[11] S. schoenherr,“WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR
DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION”, 2003 IEEE PES
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[12] J. McDonald,“Substation Automation –IED integration
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Report to DOE, 2004
Mr. Dinesh R. Gawade is currently
pursuing his B.Tech degree in
electronics and communication
technology at department of technology,
Shivaji University Kolhapur, India. He
was received diploma in electronics
telecommunication engineering
from MSBTE Maharashtra, India in
2013, He was received B.A. degree
in psychology from yashwantrao
chavan Maharashtra Open University,
Nashik,India in 2014. His research interests include embedded
systems, wireless sensor networks, healthcare systems, electronic
measurement techniques and mobile applications.
Mr. Sagar R. Patil was received B.E.
degree in electronics engineering
from collage of engineering Hadpsar,
Pune India in 2010. He was received
M.Tech degree in electronics and
communication engineering from st.
Marry group of institution, Hydrabad
India in 2014. He is currently lecturer
of electronics and telecommunication
department in Parikrama Polytechnic
kashti, India. His research interests
include embedded systems, wireless
sensor networks, healthcare systems, electronic measurement
techniques, power electronics and control system.
International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology   39
IJECT Vol. 6, Issue 1, Jan - March 2015 ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

Mr. Vivek D. Chaudhari is currently

pursuing his B.tech degree in Electronics
and Communication Technology at
Department of technology, Shivaji
University Kolhapur, India. He
received diploma in Electronics
and Communication Engineering
from MSBTE Maharashtra, India in
2013, His research interest include
core electronics, power electronics,
electronics system design, embedded
system, communication system.

40 International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology w w w. i j e c t. o r g

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