Introduction to Subsea

Engineering

1. Subsea where the wellhead installed at seabed with conjunction of host facilities – onshore facilities
or fixed platforms ( TLP,Jacket ) or FPS

2. Why Subsea?

 cost-effective, “hub-and-spoke” development

 Wellhead located on top of the target – Drilling optimizing
 Accelerated development cycle – Tie back solution
 HSE performance
 Reduce capital and operating costs by reducing surface processing needs

3. Subsea field architecture – must since installation cost is high. Field Architecture is for Subsea
production facilities.

a) Guiding Design
 FDP – schedule, cost, authority regulation
 Weather/Environment
 Well Location- Drilling plan(cost,schedule,type rig),no of wells, optimum well
location
 Seabed properties – soil ( stability), geo hazard
 System design & flow assurance – fluid properties,technology availability, flow
assurance ( hydrates ), equipment and flowline size.
 Installation strategy – availability (cost, schedule) and install ability.
 Host facilities – type and location of host facilities
 Intervention and operability – maintenance

Internal
 4. Subsea well configuration

 Cluster - less expensive than widely spaced satellite well, single umbilical and umbilical terminal
assembly (UTA) can be used between the well cluster and the production platform.
 Daisy chain - an economic solution comparing to the cluster manifold, Flow assurance analysis is
key in formulating the production envelop for the daisy chain flow lines
 Single well tie back - production is delivered by a single flow line from each well to a centrally
located subsea manifold or production platform
 Template - seabed structure, structural framework withstand any load from thermal expansion
of the wellheads and snag loads on the pipelines, support a manifold for produced fluids

5. Typical Project Design Phase

Studies and Feasibility/ Detailed Construction Operation Decommissio

technological Conceptual Basic/Feed Engineering and and ning &
assessment Engineering (Route Maps) contracting maintenance removal

6. System Design of Subsea Production System ( SPS )

Design Requirement (s)

Obj : Verify base, Should Shall
refine, qualify control A1 – Well Systems Optimize life cycle Any operations can
and manage risk A2- Seabed structures and while meeting be suspended,
piping systems functional needs. leaving well in a
Done during PRE-feed A3-Flowlines, pipelines safe state
and feed phase. &riser Easy fault diagnosis
A4-Subsea Control system Simple design and
System Design Activities reliable products
A5-Offshore OP
 Well Reservoir study – location, A6-UW Engineering
no of well, plan, profile study
 Field Architecture – installation
plan, prepare outline, flexibility 7. Subsea Wellheads
study, drawing
 Flow Assurance – Res Fluid
Characterization, Pro.Flow.Diag  hang off and seal off casing
(PFD), Piping &Instru (P&ID), used in drilling the well
sizing, operability review  latch the subsea blowout
 Flow Assurance Analysis- preventer (BOP) stack
Erosion, Emulsion, Wax, Scales,  secure in a pressure-
Hydrates, Slugging, etc. controlled environment
 Reliability, Availability &
Maintainability (RAM)
 Quantitative Risk Assessment
(QRA)
 Costing & Schedule

Internal
8. Subsea Christmas tree XT ( Vertical, horizontal and Drive-thru)

a) Functions
 Safety
 Injection of chemicals
 Regulate fluid flow through choke
b) Components
 Valves – Controlling process medium, not to flow back
 Subsea Production cake- Control production rate
 Tree Connector – Lockdown function
 Flowline connection system – connect XT and tie-back manifolds
 Vertical Tie-in / Horizontal Tie in
 Control and monitoring system – Control valve,chemical injection,monitor
pressure
 Tubing hanger- interface between downhole completion and tubing equipment
c) Type of XT
 Horizontal – Low pressure,retrieval of downhole equipment without removing
tree, faster initial drill, save time
 Vertical – High pressure,tree can be recovered with/without removing tubing

9. Subsea Hardware Design

Internal