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Beam 1

Unit Weight of Concrete γc = 23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3

Compressive Strength of Concrete f’c = 20.7 MPa

Yield Strength of Steel fy = 276 Mpa

Modulus of Elasticity (Steel) E = 200 000 Mpa

Concrete Covering Cc = 40 mm

Unsupported Length Lu = 4.52 m

Tributary Area B = 5.108 m2

Diameter of Reinforcing Steel Bar

For Tension ∅+ = 16 mm

For Compression ∅c = 12 mm

For Stirrups ∅s = 10 mm

Strength Reduction Factor

For Moment ∅ = 0.9

Dimension:

Beam Width b = 300 mm

Beam Height h = 300 mm

Effective Depth, d

𝑑𝑏
d = h – cc – 2

12
= 300 – 40 – 2

d = 254 mm

Slab Thickness t = 0.15 m

Dead Load

𝑏 ℎ 300 300
Beam = (1000) (1000)(γc) = (1000) (1000)(23.54) = 2.119 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

(𝑡)(𝐵)(γc) (0.15)(5.108)(23.54)
Slab = = = 3.99 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Lu 4.52

0.24(B) (0.24)(5.108)
Ceiling = = = 0.271 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Lu 4.52

0.77(B) 0.77(5.108)
Finishing = = = 0.87 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Lu 4.52

4.7(B) 4.7(5.108)
Wall Perimeter and Partition = = = 5.31 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Lu 4.52

Total Deadload = 12.56 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

Live Load

2.4(B) 2.4(5.108)
Live Load = = = 2.712 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Lu 4.52

𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 19.41(4.52)2
Mu = = Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(12.56) + 1.6(2.712
16 16

Mu = 24.78 kN-m Wu = 19.41 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

 1.4 1.4
𝜌min = 𝑓𝑦 = 276 = 0.0051

0.85(600)(𝛽)(𝑓 ′ 𝑐) 0.85(600)(0.85)(20.7)
𝜌b = = = 0.0371
𝑓𝑦(𝑓𝑦+600) 276(276+600)

𝜌max = 0.7𝜌b = 0.75(0.0371) = 0.0278

𝑓𝑦 276
𝜔 = 𝜌max (𝑓′𝑐) = 0.0278(20.7) = 0.3707

1−0.59𝜔 1−0.59(0.3707)
Mumax = ∅(𝜔)(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝑏)(d2) ( ) = 0.9(0.3707)(20.7)(300)(254)2( )
106 106

Mumax = 104.43 kN-m

Mumax > Mu ∴ Design as Singly

𝑀𝑢 𝑥 106 24.78 𝑥 106

Rn = 0.9(300)(254)2 = 0.9(300)(254)2 = 1.42

0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑛 0.85(20.7) 2(1.42)

𝜌= (1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′𝑐) = (1 − √1 − 0.85(20.7)) = 0.0054
𝑓𝑦 276

∴ Use 𝜌 = 0.0054

As = 𝜌bd = 0.0054(300)(254)

As = 409.29 mm2

𝜋 𝜋
1000 (∅𝑡 )2 1000 (16)2
4 4
S= = = 110 mm
𝐴𝑠 409.29

1000 1000
N= = = 9.09 say 10 pcs
𝑆 110

10 pcs – 16mm ∅ Bar @ 95mm O.C.

Checking for Tension Controlled

C1 = T1

Asfy = 0.85f’c(a)(b)

409.29(276) = 0.85(20.7)(a)(300)

a = 21.4 mm depth of compression block

Distance from Max. Tension Fiber, c

𝑎 21.4
c = = = 25.18mm
𝛽 0.85

𝑐 25.18
= = 0.0991 0.991 < 0.0375
𝑑𝑡 254

Et = 0.0273 0.0273 > 0.01

Therefore Tension Controlled

Checking for As Yields

𝑑 254
fs = 600(𝑐−1) = 600(25.18−1) = 6302.729

As yields thus use fy = 276

Negative Moment of Interior Support

1
Moments of Coefficient = 10

Ln = 4.52

𝑊𝑢𝐿2 19.41(4.52)2
Mu = 10
= 10
= 39.655 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
 1.4 1.4
𝜌min = 𝑓𝑦 = 276 = 0.0051

0.85(600)(𝛽)(𝑓 ′ 𝑐) 0.85(600)(0.85)(20.7)
𝜌b = = = 0.0371
𝑓𝑦(𝑓𝑦+600) 276(276+600)

𝜌max = 0.7𝜌b = 0.75(0.0371) = 0.0278

𝑓𝑦 276
𝜔 = 𝜌max (𝑓′𝑐) = 0.0278(20.7) = 0.3707

1−0.59𝜔 1−0.59(0.3707)
Mumax = ∅(𝜔)(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝑏)(d2) ( ) = 0.9(0.3707)(20.7)(300)(254)2( )
106 106

Mumax = 104.43 kN-m

𝑀𝑢 𝑥 106 39.655 𝑥 106

Ru = 0.9(300)(254)2 = 0.9(300)(254)2 = 2.276

0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑢 0.85(20.7) 2(2.276)

𝜌= (1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′𝑐) = (1 − √1 − 0.85(20.7)) = 0.0089
𝑓𝑦 276

∴ Use 𝜌 = 0.0089

As = 𝜌bd = 0.0089(300)(254)

As = 678.18 mm2

Checking for Tension Controlled

𝜋
As = d2N
4

𝜋
678.18 = 4 (12)2N

As = 5.99 say 6 pcs

 Check for clear spacing

𝑏−22𝐶𝑐 −2𝑑𝑠𝑡 −𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑟 300−2(40)−2(10)−12

S= = = 37.6 say 35mm
𝑁−1 6−1

S = 35 mm > 25 mm (min. clear spacing)

Use 6pcs – 12mm ∅ bar @ 35 mm O.C

Positive Moment @ Midspan

1
Moment Coefficient = 14

𝑊𝑢𝐿2 19.41(4.52)2
Mu = = = 28.325 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
14 14

1.4 1.4
𝜌min = 𝑓𝑦 = 276 = 0.0051

0.85(600)(𝛽)(𝑓 ′ 𝑐) 0.85(600)(0.85)(20.7)
𝜌b = = = 0.0371
𝑓𝑦(𝑓𝑦+600) 276(276+600)

𝜌max = 0.7𝜌b = 0.75(0.0371) = 0.0278

𝑓𝑦 276
𝜔 = 𝜌max (𝑓′𝑐) = 0.0278(20.7) = 0.3707

1−0.59𝜔 1−0.59(0.3707)
Mumax = ∅(𝜔)(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝑏)(d2) ( ) = 0.9(0.3707)(20.7)(300)(254)2( )
106 106

Mumax = 104.43 kN-m

Mumax > Mu ∴ Design as Singly

𝑀𝑢 𝑥 106 28.325 𝑥 106

Ru = 0.9(300)(254)2 = 0.9(300)(254)2 = 1.6

0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑢 0.85(20.7) 2(1.6)

𝜌= (1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′𝑐) = (1 − √1 − 0.85(20.7)) = 0.0061
𝑓𝑦 276
 ∴ Use 𝜌 = 0.0089

As = 𝜌bd = 0.0061(300)(254)

As = 464.82 mm2

Checking for Tension Controlled

C1 = T1

Asfy = 0.85f’c(a)(b)

494.82(276) = 0.85(20.7)(a)(300)

a = 24.304 mm depth of compression block

Distance from Max. Tension Fiber, c

𝑎 24.304
c = = = 28.593 mm
𝛽 0.85

𝑐 28.593
= = 0.1126 0.1126 < 0.375
𝑑𝑡 254

Therefore Tension Controlled

Checking for Tension Controlled

𝜋
As = 4 d2N

𝜋
464.82 = 4 (12)2N

As = 4.109 say 5 pcs

 Check for clear spacing

𝑏−22𝐶𝑐 −2𝑑𝑠𝑡 −𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑟 300−2(40)−2(10)−12

S= = = 47 say 45mm
𝑁−1 5−1

S = 45 mm > 25 mm (min. clear spacing)

Use 5pcs – 12mm ∅ bar @ 45 mm O.C

Computation for Stirrups

Wu = 19.41 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑊𝑢𝐿 (19.41)(4.52)
Ru = = = 43.867
2 2

Vu = Ru – Wud = 43.687 – 19.41(0.254) = 38.937 kN

Vc = 0.17λ√𝑓 ′ 𝐶 bwd = 0.17(1)√20.7 (300)(254) = 57.78 kN

∅Vc = 0.75(57.78) = 43.335 kN

1 43.335
∅Vc = = 21.67 kN
2 2

1
If ∅Vc > Vu > 2 ∅Vc (Sect. 411.6.6)

43.335 > 38.937 > 21.67

S is the smallest of (Sect. 411. 6. 6. 3)

𝜋 𝜋
Av = 4 ds2 (2) = 4 (10)2 (2) = 157.08 mm2

𝐴𝑣𝑓𝑦𝑡 157.08(275)
S1 = = 0.062√20.7 (300) = 510.45 mm
0.062√𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑤
 𝐴𝑣𝑓𝑦 157.08(275)
S2 = 0.35𝑏𝑤𝑡 = = 411.4 mm
0.35(300)

Use smaller spacing for stirrups

S = 411 say 410 mm