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Cramers1981 PERMEABILIDAD PDF
Cramers1981 PERMEABILIDAD PDF
0009-5893/81/7 0439-06 ~; 02.00/0 9 1981 Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH
operated at relatively high pressure gradients. In gas chro- Moving mobile phase
matography, Re usually is calculated f r o m
M o v i n g m o b i l e phase
Re=
l~m dc
r/
Stagnant mobile phase
f :;'A
' eu4 Stationary liquid phaset
Stationary liquid phase
where d e is the internal column diameter, Um is the aver-
age linear carrier gas velocity and t7 the density at the
Skeleton solid support -esk
average column pressure, ~, to be defined in the following. a) Packed column b) Open tubular column
Re values between 1 and i0 can be expected under
operating conditions normally used in both gas and liquid Fig. 1
chromatography. This means that the flow in open tubular Schematic cross sections of chromatographic columns.
columns can be considered to be laminar in practically all e u = (interparticle) volume fraction of moving mobile phase;
ei = (intraparticle) volume fraction of stagnant mobile phase;
cases.
es = volume fraction of the stationary liquid;
esk = volume fraction of solid support skeleton.
P o r o u s M e d i a (Packed C o l u m n s )
us = B z~p d2 eu3
IlL B = 180
~ - - - ~ 2 (1 - eu) 2
Us = B* --AP dp2 e2
[3 ~ ~ m
Um =~-u r/L 180 ~2 (1 -- eu )2
do
B= B* = B o = - ~ -
eu Ap 4
UM = ~ us = Bo ~-L B0=
180 ~2 (1 ~ eu) 2 (r + ei)
Gas chromatography
3 Po (p2_ i)2 d2 eu3
UM = B0 4 r / L ( p 3 _ 1) B0= 180 ~ (1 " e U ) 2 (eU + el)
Table II. Theoretical values of specific permeability B, Table III. Theoretical values of specific permeability B,
chromatographic permeability B o and column resistance chromatographic permeability Bo and column resistance
factor r in liquid chromatography factor r in gas chromatography
Particle Particle
size/column size/column
diam. (pro) 10 10 50 diam. (#m) 150 150 250
CU 0.4 0.4 1 s 0.4 0.4 1
ei 0 0.5 0 Ei 0 0.5
~2 1 1.7
~2 1 1.7
B ' 1012 [m 21 0,099 0.058 78 B - 1012 [m 21 22 t3 1950
B0 91012 [m2] 0,248 0.064 78 B0 - 1012 lm2 ] 56 14 1950
405 1550 32 405 1550 32
Note
(p2_!)2!o /
/
In a recent article [12] Ohmacht and Halksz present data on
inter- and intra-particle porosities for 18 commercially
p3 1
9 / available silicas for HPLC.
/
/
/
8 /
/
/ References
7 /
/ [1] G. Deininger, Ber. Bunsenges. 77,145 (1973).
/ 121 G. Guiochon, "Chromatographic Reviews", Vol. 8, Elsevin
5 /
/ Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1966.
/ [31 C.A. Cramers, G.J. Scherpenzeel and P.A. Leclercq, l.
/
5 / Chromatogr. 203,207 (1981).
/ [4] J.C. Sternberg and R.E. Poulson, Anal. Chem. 36, 58
/
s / (1964).
/ [5] J . L . M . Poiseuille, C.R. 11 (1840): Mem. des Savants
/
/ Etrang. 9 (1846).
3
/ [61 J. Kozeny, Ber. d. WienerAkad. Abt. 11a, 36,271 (1927).
/
[7] P. A. Bristow and J. H. Knox, Chromatographia 10, 279
/ (1976).
2 / I81 J. Schick-Kalb, in "Porous Silica", K. K. Unger, Elsevie~
/
/ Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1979, p. 181.
l / [91 J.H. Knox and A. Pryde, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 10, 606
/ (1972).
/ [101 K . K . Unger and W. Messer, J. Chromatogr, 149, I (1978).
0 i i
[111 A T. JamesandA. J. R M a r t i n , Biochem. J. 50,679(1952)
2 3 ~ 5 7 8 9 lo
p _--
[12] R. Ohmacht andJ. Hal~sz, Chromatographia 14, 155 (1981).
Fig. 4
Received: Jan. 20, 1981
(p2 _ I )2 Pi
Accepted: Jan; 22, 1981
p3 1 vs P = PO B