Caraga State University

College of Agriculture and Agri-Industries

Ampayon, Butuan City

Name: Date Conducted: 09-03-19

Section: IJK 1 Group #: 3

Exercise No.1
Seed Structure

Introduction

A “seed” is a specialized plant structure, complete with a tiny embryo, which is

capable of growing into a new plant. Each seed has an embryo and food storage
structures enclosed in a seedcoat. Under conditions favorable for germination, the
embryo develops into a mature plant as it is nourished by the food reserves in the
storage structures, sometimes in tissue called an endosperm and sometimes in the
cotyledons.

Seeds come in different shapes and sizes and need to fit within the outer coating
of the fruit. They can be hard or soft, smooth or corrugated, single coloured or multi-
coloured and large or small. Some are minute, visible only under a microscope (orchids
for example) or very large.

Objectives

1. To be familiar with the external characteristics of seeds of different plant species.

2. To classify seeds based on the observed characteristics.

Materials & Methods

In this experiment, the researchers are tasked to; first, collect seeds of two crop
species representing the following families: a.) Cucurbitaceae, b.) Leguminosae, c.)
Cruciferae, d.) Solanaceae and e.) Rutaceae. The researchers will examine sufficient
samples for each species to establish the characteristic features for the species with the
aid of a microscope.

The External features of the seeds (size, shape, surface characteristic) will be
noted and recorded. Seeds were then classified according to the types categorized by
Martin (refer to Kozlowski (ed) in: Biology of Seeds. Vol. 1, page 135).
 Caraga State University
College of Agriculture and Agri-Industries
Ampayon, Butuan City

Results & Discussion

Table 1.Crop species external characteristics and its image.

External Characteristics
Documented
Crop Species Seed Surface
Size Shape Images
Type Characteristics
Cruciferae

1. Cabbage Thin Small Round Smooth

2. Pechay Thin Small Round Smooth

Cucurbitaceae

1. Sponge Thin Large Oblong Rough

gourd/patola

2. Upo Thick Large Irregular Rough

3. Watermelon Thin Medium Oblong Smooth

Leguminoseae

1. Pole beans/
Thin Medium Kidney Smooth
galante

2. Snap
Thick Large Irregular Smooth
beans/barak
 Caraga State University
College of Agriculture and Agri-Industries
Ampayon, Butuan City

Solanaceae

1. Okra Thick Medium Round Rough

2. Tomato Thin Large Round Smooth

Rutacea

1. Calamansi Thick Medium Round Smooth

2. Lime Thick Medium Oblong Rough

Discussion

Conclusion

Literature Cited