Tribology

Physical
Simulation
Prototype

Mandibular
CAD Model Temperature
movement curve

CAE Model Control Lubricant

Physical
Engine thermocouple
characteristics

Actuator

Control: Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware

and software. It's intended for anyone making interactive projects.(1)

Description Price
Arduino Is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P €20.00
Uno (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can
be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz
crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a
reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started.. You can tinker with your UNO without worring too
much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you
can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again.
Arduino Is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has €35.00
Mega 2560 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM
outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a
16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything
needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to get started. The Mega 2560 board is
compatible with most shields designed for the Uno and the
former boards Duemilanove or Diecimila.
https://www.arduino.cc/
This 2 microcontrollers are goods options, but the choice depends on the engine
structure.

+ -
DC Motor + Velocity control It needs a starting point
Encore Left and right turn
Improving the precision avec the
encore
Direct connection
continuous rotation
Stepper motor Different movements They require an external
inherent ability to control control circuit or
position microcontroller
Velocity control They do not connect directly to
the Arduino.
Suitable for devices in which
the position is fundamental.
Servomotor More precision Only 180 degrees
More Torque More expensive
 Tribology

Study Depends on

Friction Contact Lubrication Wear Periodicity

Temperature
Deformation Materials
increase

Plastic Geometry

Elastic Force

Movement

Lubrication

The temporomandibular joint MNJ consists of two complex joints that connect the
jawbone with the temporal bone, besides working in a synchronized way, they combine
a rotation movement with a displacement movement. It is also the articulation that
moves the most in the day when performing different activities such as talking, chewing
or swallowing. (Guarda-Nardini, 2008)
More than 25% of the population suffers from some TMJ disorder (Mesnard, 2011).
Different diseases, traumas, fractures and genetic malformations can be the cause of
damage in the joint. These alterations not only affect the aesthetic part, but can generate
pain and restrict mobility, altering nutrition processes, communication, etc.
Treatment can change between medication, physical therapy, splints, grafts and in some
cases replacement surgery (Ta, 2002). Due to the complexity of the joint, the grafts may
fail for the growth or absorption, presenting problems of subjection or functionality.
The TMJ prostheses are a biomechanical solution that aim to restore mandibular
functionality (Mesnard, 2011), the design process is complicated by the anatomical
structures and the joint nature. The materials and geometry must be carefully selected
to obtain better results.
The TMJ prostheses development requires different studies to identify, predict and
distribute forces in an appropriate way to reduce wear over time. For this it is
important to take into account the friction generated, the forces applied, the contact
type, the joint movement, the lubrication, the materials, the temperature, the
geometry of the parts and others.
Developing TMJ prosthesis demands to think about the long-term wear and its
consequences, such as prostheses change.
This is why it is fundamental to be able to predict the behavior and how the use will
affect the prosthesis over time.
The tribology includes the study of friction, contact, lubrication and wear of two or
more surfaces.
To evaluate the joint wear, the simulation through different softwares allows to
observe the theoretical wear of the parts.
On the other hand, mechanisms and machines have been developed, like the
tribometer to simulate the movements and in this way observe the behavior over time.
Developing an element that allows to simulate the TMJ movement, would allow to
predict the wear in each zone of the prosthesis over time and in this way redesing and
make changes to reduce adverse effects generated by the use.
Bibliografía
Guarda-Nardini, L. M. (2008). Temporomandibular joint total replacement prosthesis:
current knowledge and considerations for the future. International journal of
oral and maxillofacial surgery, 103-110.
Mesnard, M. R. (2011). Biomechanical analysis comparing natural and alloplastic
temporomandibular joint replacement using a finite element model. Journal of
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1008-1017.
Ta, L. E.-D.-F. (2002). Clinical evaluation of patients with temporomandibular joint
implants. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 1389-1399.