Kyle Hi

Alison Stefansic and Kayla Pintro

All about Kyle...
Kyle was born in 1987 in Tallahassee, Florida, to Chinese parents. Kyle was a
very active teenager who loved music. At 14, Kyle began to feel pain in his knee
joint and started developing a limp. Soon after the onset of this pain, Kyle began
feeling tired and started to lose weight. Kyle was soon diagnosed with
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone cancer in children and teenagers. Kyle
was treated with chemotherapy and surgery. There was no history of cancer in
Kyle’s family. Kyle’s cancer had not spread to other parts of the body, and the
surgery removed all of the cancerous cells. Kyle is now 21 and is in his junior year
at Florida State University.
Milk Be Gone (MGB)
Milk Be Gone (MBG) is a specifically designed monoclonal
antibody which is designed for osteosarcoma patients.
Scientists designed this mAb to promote bone growth due to
its properties which tag cancer cells so the body can know
where apoptosis needs to take place. This is through (MBG)
monoclonal antibody which attaches itself on the antibody
which then when inserted into the body can attach to
antigens and flag the cell.
Administration and Target Cell Delivery

(MBG) is administered intravenously Because antibodies are large proteins,

through a vein. They circulate in the blood they can not pass through cellular
and other bodily fluids defending against membranes. Instead they attach on the
bacteria and viruses searching specifically outside of these membranes to bind to the
for osteosarcoma cells. The binding of the antigen cancerous cells.
MBG antibody to the antigen triggers an
immune response to engulf and destroy
the antigens. However, may be combined
with other chemotherapy treatments to
fight cancer.
Intracellular Treatment and Destruction

The (MBG) mAb does not ever enter the cell it Through the blockage of pathways with specific
inhibits a complex series of events inside the cell antibodies known as immune checkpoint
which causes it to self destruct. Chemotherapy inhibitors, the immune system response
treatment is then proceeded (typically radiation). destroys these targeted cells through apoptosis.

Cancer cells create large amounts of growth

factor receptors which sit on the cell and signals
for cell division and survival.
 Unique and Better Advancements

This technology is better than current Monoclonal antibodies have been around
treatments because since osteosarcoma is since the 1960’s however the first licensed
in Kyle’s lower body many current treatments mAb was in 1986 for kidney transplant
require surgery for amputation or cancer rejection prevention. There are multiple
removal which can be life threatening. This types of mAb’s which are widely used for
less invasive approach to intracellular cancer treatments according to the problem
elimination is more cost effective and more which makes it very unique to the patient.
accurate as it targets every cancerous cell.
The minimally invasive techniques of
administration through injection provides a
safer alternative to surgery and
chemotherapy.
The Use of (MBG) in Youth in
Osteosarcoma
This trial will focus on the use of the monoclonal antibody
used in MBG to see if it can produce bone growth and tag the
proper cancerous cells to trigger apoptosis and cancerous
cell death. It will use an intravenous injection of MBG
monoclonal antibodies to effectively travel and target
osteosarcoma cancer cells in an effort to trigger cancerous
cell death in lower extremity bone cancer.
The Use of (MBG) in Youth in Osteosarcoma

Criteria for population:

The primary population
being studied male youth ● Male
● Between the ages of 13-17
between the ages of 13-17 ● Been diagnosed with osteosarcoma
● Cancer located in lower extremities (legs)
with Osteosarcoma in the ● Has not spread to further areas (localized)
● Has not had previous surgery to attempt
lower extremities. to remove cancer
● Not involved in any other clinical trial
The Use of (MBG) in Youth in Osteosarcoma
Safety procedure:
Risks:
1. Lab cleaning crew will sterilize
● New procedure
laboratory area
● Contamination if needle is not
2. Qualified Scientist will wash
sterile for patient and scientist
hands then put on gloves.
● Scientist exposed to biological
3. A laboratory nurse with sterilize
proteins
injection needle and patient arm.
● With future applications, the
4. Qualified Scientist will inject
MBG monoclonal antibodies
monoclonal antibodies into the
could trigger the apoptosis of
vein and then dispose of syringe
non-cancerous cells
and needle into waste basket.
 Trial Type: Controlled, Randomized,
Double-Blind Trial

The Use of Control: Control group is given standard

(MBG) in Youth chemotherapy to kill of cancerous cells

in
Independent Variable: monoclonal
antibodies

Osteosarcoma Dependent Variable: cancer cell

population after MBG treatment

Hypothesis: If the MGB monoclonal

antibodies can effectively connect to the
cancerous cells then apoptosis will occur
because the antibody would have flagged
the cancerous cells.
References
Chames, P., Van Regenmortel, M., Weiss, E., & Baty, D. (2009). Therapeutic antibodies: successes,
limitations and hopes for the future. British Journal of Pharmacology, 157(2), 220-233.
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00190.x

G196 epitope tag system: a novel monoclonal antibody, G196, recognizes the small, soluble peptide
DLVPR with high affinity. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5339894/

Monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy/mono
clonal-antibodies.html

What Are Clinical Trials and Studies? (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-are-clinical-trials-and-studies
Questions?