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SQC Problems PDF
SQC Problems PDF
371
College of Management T. Sloan
Solution:
First, compute the mean and range for each sample:
Sample 1 2 3 4 5
Average 350.85 350.80 351.20 350.63 351.00
Range 0.60 0.80 0.50 1.00 0.80
The value for A2 is obtained from the table in the textbook (Table 6.1, p. 220) using n = 4.
c. The x-bar chart is shown below. All points are within the upper and lower control limits, so the
process is in-control with respect to the average volume. No action is necessary at this time.
d. An R chart should be used. The control limits are computed as:
The values for D3 and D4 are obtained from the table in the textbook (Table 6.1, p. 220) using n = 4.
1
351.4 1.6 UCL
UCL
1.4
351.2
1.2
Average Volume (Ml.)
0.8
350.8
0.6
0.4
350.6
0.2
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Sample Sample
Figure 1: x-bar Chart for Super Fizz Problem Figure 2: R Chart for Super Fizz Problem
e. The R chart is shown above. All of the values are within the upper and lower control limits, so the
process is in-control with respect to the range. No action is necessary at this time.
2. A company manufactures valves for industrial use. Ten samples of 15 valves each were taken from the
production line and tested. The results are reported below.
Number Number
Sample Defective Sample Defective
1 3 6 2
2 1 7 0
3 0 8 3
4 0 9 1
5 0 10 0
Solution:
a. The fraction defective is computed by dividing the number defective by the number in each sample,
n = 15. The results are reported below.
Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p 0.200 0.067 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.133 0.000 0.200 0.067 0.000
2
First, we compute
b. q q the average proportion defective: p̄ = 0.0667. The standard deviation is: σp =
p̄(1−p̄) 0.0667(1−0.0667)
n = 15 = 0.0644. To account for 95.5 percent of the random variation in the
process, we set z = 2 (two standard deviations). So the control limits are:
Note that we had to round the LCL value to zero — it is impossible to have a negative control limit.
c. The control chart is shown below. Samples 1 and 8 are above the upper control limits. We should
investigate possible causes of these out-of-control values.
0.20 UCL
0.15
Fraction Defective
0.10
0.05
0.00
LCL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sample
3
SPC Formulas
¯
Centerline : x̄ ¯ + A2 R̄
UCLx̄ = x̄ ¯ − A2 R̄
LCLx̄ = x̄
For R Charts
For p Charts
2 1.880 0 3.267
3 1.023 0 2.575
4 .729 0 2.282
5 .577 0 2.115
6 .483 0 2.004
7 .419 .076 1.924
8 .373 .136 1.864
9 .337 .184 1.816
10 .308 .223 1.777
12 .266 .284 1.716