ay Designation: C 279 - 88 (Reapproved 1995) Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units’ “This tndard ued under the Fed dsignauon C279; the numbe:Immediaely KUoWing 3 desiaation indicates the year of anginal adoption om the ase fron, te yao la revison, A number in parentheses nccates te ea oat eaproval. 9 Sipenchin ep ()ias an editor change since the lat revson oc reapeovel 7 Nore—Kaywonds ware added edoray To Tone 135, 1, Scope 1.1 This specification covers solid, kiln fired brick and tle made from clay, shale, or mixtures thereof, suitable for indoor and outdoor use in masonry construction subjected 10 chemical environments. 1.2 ‘The physical and chemical properties of brick and tile differ from supplier to supplier, mainly because their compo- sition is determined by the source of raw materials, Regard- less of the differences, brick and tile are considered to be of three types as follows: 1.2.1. Type I—For use where low absorption and high acid resistance are not major factors. 1.22 Type IT—For use where lower absorption and higher acid resistance are required. 1.23 Type III—For use where minimum absorption and ‘maximum acid resistance are required Nore |—Typer J 1, and 11 may not differ significantly in thermal shock resistance. The suitability of a given brick, for a particular pplication should be determined atthe tie of purchave by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier ‘Nore 2—Types [end I! were formerly designated Type “H” and “L" respectvey. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2. ASTM Standards: 20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absomp= tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water? C67 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Brick and Strvetural Clay Tile? C397 Practice for Use of Chemically Setting Chemical- Resistant Silicate and Silica Mortars! "This speieation is under the junsition of ASTM Committe C-15 on Manutsctar Masonry Unis andthe dived fesponsbiity of Subcomatee C1809 on Chemis Resort Unite CCureat edition approved Jne 13, 1988, Published August 1988. Originally pulsed ab C279 81 Last revs elton © 27979. 2 anal Book of ASTM Standrds, Vel 1301 2 hnmaa! Bo of ASTM Standards, Not O80, €723 Practice for Chemical-Resistant Resin Grouts for Brick or Tile? E IL Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur- poses! 3. Significance and Use 3.1 The brick and tile covered herein are intended essen- tially for use in chemical environments where resistance t0 ‘thermal shock may or may not be a consideration. The brick and tile are normally used with chemical-resistant mortars, 4. Physical Properties 4.1, Sirength—The brick and tile when tested in accor- dance with Test Methods C 67 shall conform to the require- ments for modulus of rupture (Nexural strength) for the type specified, as prescribed in Table f TABLE 1 Phyticel end Chemical Requirements for Brik and Tile ods Ripe Wate ADSrpbon 50, Sub (Grok raat” “Masinums by Masi’ cengratn MOVER) 2h Bary Test Wat se aioage a's Avwage 5 ae Broo Te Src rTn mage S Lewin gh in Tei Tao eR wORH 8070 2 Type 1250188 1000169) yy By ype 1250168 1000 69) 13 3 4.2 Water Absorption—The brick und tile when tested in accordance with Test Methods C 20 shall conform to the requirements for water absorption (based on the 2 h boil) for the type specified, as prescribed in Table 1. 4.3 Sizes—The sizes of the brick and tile shall be as specified by the purchaser. The length, width, and depth ‘measurements of the brick or tle shall be within 3 % of the specified dimensions when tested in accordance with Test Methods C67. 4.4 Warpage—The brick and tile when tested in accor- dance with Test Methods € 67 shall conform to the require: ‘ments as shown in Table 2. Note 3: Caution—The above tolerances may not be consistent with tbe recommended morar joint sizes conained in Practices C 397 and (C723. If brick or tle with tighter tolerances than those described in 4.3 or 4.4 are required, the purchaser shal negotiae such requirements with the manufacturer, 4.5 Surface Textures~Brick or tile surfaces should be “Arm Book of ASTM Standard, Vol 14.0hh c279 TABLE 2 Tolerances on Werpage ‘iam Fae Sans, ‘asim Porissibe Wapage nehas (rn acho (7), ad under (25) ord undo ea ‘ver Bet? (209 0308), 3, omt82) ther 12-16 D8 0 408) eh eo, textured in order to promote better bonding. Texturing may bbe accomplished by scoring, wire cutting, matting, of other means consistent with a manufacturer's process. I texturing is done, the protrusion or indentation shall not exceed ‘a in (3 mm) in depth, 5. Visual Inspection S.1 The brick and tile shall be free of open surface laminations or eracks which would impair the performance of the construction. Nore 4—~Open laminations or cracks within the brick or tle observed in the brick or tle cut or broken during testing, shoulé be oted with ther size and number indicated as part ofthe tes report If Internal open laminations or cracks, or both, ate reported, the purchaser Shall determine the suitability of such brick or tle for his application 5.2 Black Heart—Brick or tile when broken may have a dark area that has a steely appearance and is sharply delineated from the surrounding normal color of the brick. it is known as black heart or black core. Black heart is generally the result of the reduction of iron minerals during the firing process. Its presence, regardless of size, in brick or tile which otherwise meet the physical and chemical requirements of this specification, shall not be cause for rejection. 6. Sulfuric Acid Solubility Test 6.1 Apparatus: 6.1.1 Crusher, jaw-type. 6.1.2 Sieves, Vein, (6.3-mm) and No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieves {equivalent to 3-mesh and 4-mesh sieves, respectively, in the ‘Tyler series), conforming to Specification E 1 6.1.3 Mechanical Shaking Device, producing a lateral znd vertical motion of the sieve, accompanied by a jarring action 80 as to keep the sample moving continuously over the surface of the sieve. 6.14 Drying Oven. 6.1.5 Analytical Balance and Weights, 0.01-g sensitivity. 6.1.6 Desiccator, 6.1.7 Erlenmeyer Flask, 7S0-mL, of heat-resistant and chemically resistant glass 6.18 Water-Cooled Condenser. 6.1.9 Hot Plate. 6.110 Frited-Glass Funnel, fine porosity 6.1.11 Suetion Pump, 62 Preparation of Sample—Prepare the sample from at least five masonry units selected in accordance with Test Methods C67, Remove and discard the skin surface from a quarter of ezch unit selected and crush the remaining pieces in a jaw-type crusher, with the jaws set so that the grain size ‘of the product ranges from material retained on a Yin, (6.3 ‘mm) sieve to material passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. Redluce this material either by mixing and quartering or by a ‘mechanical splitter to approximately a 1000-g sample, and soreen in a mechanical shaking device for 15 min, using the No. 3 {6.75 mm] and No. 4 [8.75 mm] sieves. Thoroughly mix the portion of the material passing the No. 3 [6.75 mm] sieve and remaining on the No. 4 [4.75 mm] sieve (Note 5), and then quarter down to obtain to 50-g samples. Dry these ‘samples im a drying oven at 240°F (120°C) for atleast 16 , and then cool in a desiccator. ‘Nove $—Although tis reeognied that some type of material tend to bresk down ina manne yielding various-shaped particles, no attempt shall be made at hand selection, 6.3 Procedure—Transfer each of the 50-g samples, weighed to the nearest 0.01 g, and 250 mL of sulfuric acid (sp ar 1.706, or 78 weight % 60° Baumé) to 750-mL Erlenmeyer lasks. Insert water-cooled condensers and boll on hot plates for 48 h (Note 6). Cool the flasks and contents sufficiently 10 Permit handling, and decant the solutions through fritted- glass funnels with the aid of suction, reiaining the samples in the flasks. Add about 250 mL. of water to the Nasks, boil for 10 min, and decant with the aid of suction through the same fannels as used previously. Repeat this washing procedure three times. On the fourth decantation of wash water, transfer the samples to the funnels, using hot water to aid in ‘the transfer. Dry the funnels and contents in an oven at 240'F (120°C) for at least 16 b, and cool in a desiccator, Remove material from the funnels, brushing out the fines if necessary, and weigh to the nearest 0.01 g, Note 6—Regulat te temperature of the hot plate 50 as to maintain 4 gentle boiling solution avoiding any considerable apttion of the sample. The use ofa viable transformer in series withthe hot pate is sungested 6.4 Calculation and Report—Calculate the loss in weight as a percentage of the original weight, Make duplicate dcterminations and report an average of the two results to the nearest 0.1%. 7. Precision and Bias 7.1 A statement on precision and bias will be added at a later date. 8, Keywords 8.1 absorption; acid resistance; acid solubility; ceramic; chemical-resistant, masonry; physical properties; solid brick ‘Te Ameisan Soci fr Toning and Materia ako no potion respecting he vay of ary patent phis asserted connection wah any tem mentenod inte stander. Uses ol hs arcade oxeresslyaavses that Stominaton othe vay 0 Wy sh ute ints onto Fak of wlingemant of such igs, ara ently ta ot rosponoy, This tended is suet ravison a any bythe aspensbi acl conto ed tse be rviwad avy fe ys ant \Yoacrvsed, ar vacorove! wide, out Somers af ted ala fr rvs oft stance’ fer oa standards sna snoutd be adcrssed to ASTM Meadavatr. Your comments wi receive carly cote'aon a oot tthe expanse technica commie, whieh you may stand you le! ha you Corenants ave ot Teceved & far Paain You shout sane You? ‘ews known 10 he ASTM Cormtioe ot Stardras, 1915 Pace S, Phiapna, Pa 13309.