Reg. No.: Question Paper Code : 20985, B.E/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2018. Fourth Semester Petrochemical Engineering PC 6402 — ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS (Regulations 2013) ime "Bae baics : Maximum : 100 marks (Use of steam tables and approved data book permitted) Answer ALL questions. PART A — (10 x 2= 20 marks) 1. Why Cy is always greater than C,? 2. State the first Jaw of Thermodynamics for a non-flow process and for a cycle? 3. Why Carnot cycle cannot be realized in practice? 4. What do you understand by dead state? 5. Write down the Clausius Clayperon equation. 6. Write down two Tds equations? 7. Define fugacity. 8. State Law of corresponding states? 9. What is meant by Osmotic Coefficient? 10. What is meant by Equilibrium constant?iL, 12. 13. (@) ) (a) ® ) PART B — (6 x 13 = 65 marks) A cylinder. contains 2m? of gas at 200kpa and 150°C, the gas is polytropically compressed to a volume of 0.5m°, the final pressure is 700kPa. Determine. (@ Mass of the gas (ii) The value of index ‘n’ for compression (iii) Change in internal energy of gas (iv) heat transferred by the gas during compression. Take R = 0.287 kd/kgK, y =1.4. Or A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of the following processes. e (Process 1-2: constant pressure p=1.4 bar, Vi 0.028m®,Wi2 10.5 kJ, (ii) Process 2-3: Compression with pV = constant, Us = Us, Gi) Process 3-1: constant volume, U1-Us =-26.4 kJ. ‘There are no significant changes in KE and PE. (1) Sketch the cycle on a p-V diagram. (2) Calculate the net work for the eycle in KJ. (3) Calculate the heat transfer for process 1-2 (4) Show that YQ. = Woe ‘Three carnot engines, A, B and C in series operates between temperature limits of 1000K and 300K respectively. Calculate the intermediate temperature if the work produced by the engines is in proportion of 5:4:3. Also determine their efficiencies. Or 10 grams of water at 20°C is converted into ice at -10°C at constant atmospheric pressure. Assuming the specific heat of liquid water to remain constant at 4.2 JigK and that of ice to be half of this value and taking the latent heat of fusion of ice at 0°C to be 335J/g, Calculate the total entropy change of the system. Using the cycle relation and the first Maxwell relation, derive the other three Maxwell relations. , On % (i) What are the drawbacks associated with water as a working fluid in a Rankine cycle which is to be designed to achieve higher efficiency? @ Gi) Draw a sketch of the vapor compression refrigerator and derive a relation to estimate its COP. @ 2 2098514. 15. 16. @ b) @) ) (a) © Derive Gibbs Duhem equation and write the applications of the equation. Or : 0.45 kg of air is contained in a vessel of volume 0.4m* at 15 °C. Air has 23.3% of Oz and 76.7% of Nz by mass. Calculate the partial pressure of each constituent and total pressure in the vessel. Molar masses of COz, Oz and No, are 28, 32 and 28kg/mol. What is Freezing Point Depression? Explain. Or Determine the Equilibrium constant at 298 K for the combustion of CO for the equations given below. @ €O0+1/20,+C0, ii). 2C0+0, + 200,. PART C — (1x 15= 15 marks) A lump of ice with a mass of 1.5kg at an initial temperature of 260K melts at the pressure of 1 bar as a result of heat transfer from the environment. After sometime has elapsed, the resulting water attains the temperature of the environment, 293K. Calculate the entropy production associated with this process. The latent heat of fusion of ice is 333.4 Kilkg, the specific heat of ice and water are 2.07 and 4.2 kJ/kgK respectively and ice melts at 273.15K. Or ‘Two reversible heat engines A and B operates in series. ‘A’ rejecting heat directly to B’. ‘A’ receives 300kJ at a temperature of 421° C from a heat source while engine ‘B’ communicates with a cold sink at a temperature of 4.4° C. If the work output of ‘A’ is twice that of (Intermediate temperature between A and B. (ii) Efficiency of each engine. (iii) Heat rejected to the edld sink. 3 20985Reg. No. L ELE Question Paper Code : 53481 B.E,/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, APRIL/MAY 2019. Fourth Semester Petrochemical Engineering. PC 6402 — ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS (Regulation 2013) ‘Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks © 10, (Usage of approved Thermodynamic Tables are permitted) Answer ALL questions, PART A — (10 x 2= 20 marks) State the Clausius inequality for a system when it is reversible and not reversible. What is known as perpetual motion machine of second kind? State the law of corresponding states. Distinguish reversible and irreversible processes. Write Gibbs phase rule. What is the importance of Clausius Claypron equation? Why excess functions are introduced in thermodynamics? State Henry's Law. Define Gibbs free energy. What are Osmatic coefficients?ll. 12. 13, (@) (b) @) (b) (@) ) PART B — (6 x 13 = 65 marks) It is proposed to develop a temperature scale with values 4 and 16 assigned to ice and steam points, respectively. The pressure of an ideal gas at constant volume is to be used as the thermometric property. () Find a linear relationship between the pressure and the temperature (represented as S) on the new scale. (ii) What is the Kelvin absolute zero on this scale? (iii) Find the relation between $ and K, where K is used for temperature measured on the thermodynamic temperature scale. (iv) If the pressure at the steam point were 10 atm, what is the pressure at 0S, and what is the temperature when pressure is 1 atm? Or Draw P-T diagram for a pure substance. Also mark and explain the salient points. A reversible heat engine in a satellite operates between a hot reservoir at T, and a radiating panel at T;. Radiation from the panel is proportional to its area and to 7;'. For a given work output and value of , show that the area ofthe panel will be minimum when 22 = 0.75 Determine the minimum area of the panel for an output of IkW if the constant of proportionality is 5.67 x10 W/m* K* and T, is 1000K. Or Explain Carnot cycle, Carnot heat engine and reversed Carnot heat engine cycle with necessary block diagrams and process diagrams. The fundamental relation of a particular thermodynamic system is given by a S = (AU? Vn?y!® Find a relation between the three intensive properties (1/T),(P/T) and wit). Or At 26°C the molar volume of water V is given by V = 18.066 -7.15 x10“ P+-4.6 x10 p*, where V is in cm%/mol and P is in atm for P between 0 and 1000 atm and (3) = 0.0045 +1.4% 10 P em®/mol -K. ar), Determine the work necessary at 25°C to compress 1 mol of water from 1 atm to 1000 atm and the change in its internal energy. 2 5348114, 15. 16. (a) (b) (a) ) (a) b) The three suffix Margules parameters for the system acetone ( — cyclohexane (ii) at 25°C are Ay =2.0522 and Ay, =1.7201 Calculate P-x~y data for the system at 26°C and compare with the experimental data of Tasis et al. [83] which is given below: P(Torr) x, % P(Torr) x n 118.05 0.0115 0.1810 262.00 0.7390 0.7390 207.70 0.1125 0.5670 261.90 0.7575 0.7460 246.35 0.3090 0.6550 258.70 0.8605 0.8030 259.40 0.5760 0.7050 252.00 0.9250 0.8580 261.50 0.6920 0.7250 Or The partial molar volume of ethanol in a 60 mole percent ethanol ~ water solution is 57.5% 10 m*. The density of the mixture is 849.4kg/m*. Calculate the partial molar volume of water in the mixture. Estimate the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of CH,OH(g) from AG } 995 for CH OH ()), given that the saturation pressure of CH, OH at 298.15 K is 0.167 16 bar. Or Calculate the standard enthalpy change at 298.15 K for the reaction CH, (@)+ H,0(g) - CO(g) +3H,(g) from the standard enthalpies of combustion of the compounds. The enthalpy of vaporization of HO at 298.15 K is 43.966 kJ/mol. ~ PART C — (1x 15 = 15 marks) Calculate the enthalpy departure for carbon dioxide at 100°C and 10 MPa using the Beattic—Bridgman equation of state. Or Derive the expressions for the thermal and mechanical stability of a thermodynamic system. 3 53481Reg. No. : Question Paper Code : 92016 B.E/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 Fourth Semester Petrochemical Engineering PC 6402 — ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS (Regulations 2013) ‘Time : Three Hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer ALL questions (Use of steam table/Mollier chart is allowed) PART-A (10x2=20 Marks) 1. Differentiate intensive and extensive properties. 2. Determine the molecular volume of any perfect gas at 600 N/m* and 30°C. Universal gas constant can be taken as 8314 J/kg mole-K. 3. Deduce the relation between the COP of heat pump and refrigerator. 4, Why Carnot cycle cannot be realized in practice ? 5. State Gibbs function. 6. Write down two Tds equations. 7. Define fugacity. 8. State Henry's law. 9. What is meant by Osmotic Coefficient ? 10. What is Freezing Point Depression ?(1 0 PART-B (6x13=65 Marks) 11. a) 25 people attended a farewell party in a small room of size 10 m x 8 m and has a 5m ceiling. Each person gives up about 850 ki of heat per hour. Assuming that the room is completely sealed off and insulated. Calculate the air temperature rise occurring within 10 minutes. Assume C, of air = 0.718 kJ/kgK and R = 0.287 kJ/kgK and ‘each person occupies a volume of 0.05 m*. (OR) b) Acertain gas of volume 0.6 m, pressure of 5 bar and temperature of 130°C is heated in a cylinder to 17 bar. When the volume remains constant, calculate : a) temperature at the end of the process b) heat transfer 92016 ©) change in internal energy 4) work done by the gas e) change in enthalpy f) mass of the gas. ‘Take C, = 1.005 kd/kgK and C, = 0.71 kd/kgK. 12. a) Ina closed system, air is at a pressure of 1 bar, temperature of 300 K and volume of 0.025 m’. The system executes the following processes during the completion of thermodynamic cycle : 1-2 : constant volume heat addition till pressure reaches 3.8 bar, 2-3 ; constant pressure cooling of air, 3-1 : isothermal heating to initial state. Determine the change in entropy in each process. Take C, = 0.718 kd/kgK. R= 287 JikeK. (OR) b) Two reversible heat engines A and B are arranged in series. ‘A’ rejecting heat directly to ‘B’. Engine receives 200 kJ at a temperature of 421°C from a hot source, while engine B is in communication with a cold sink at a temperature of 4.4°C. If the work output of A is twice that of B, find : ’) The intermediate temperature between A and B, ii) The efficiency of each engine, and iii) The heat rejected to the cold sink. 13. a) Derive the Maxwell relations and explain their importance in thermodynamics. (OR) b) Derive Clausius-Clapeyron equation. What assumptions are made in this equation ?(ae * 92016 14. a) Derive Gibbs-Duhem equation and write the applications of the equation. (OR) b) Aclosed rigid cylinder is divided by a diaphragm into two equal compartments, each of volume 0.1 m®, Each compartment contains air at a temperature of 20°C. The pressure in one compartment is 2.5 MPa and in the other compartment is 1 MPa. The diaphragm is ruptured so that the air in both the compartment mixes to bring the pressure to a uniform value throughout the cylinder which is insulated. Find the net change of entropy for the mixing process. 15. a) What is meant by boiling point elevation ? Explain. (OR) b) Ammonia vapour dissociates into N, and H, gases according to the equation NH, > ; Ny + 3H, : Determine the relation between the equilibrium constant K and the degree of reaction at equilibrium ¢, for this reaction. PART-C (1x15=15 Marks) 16. a) Suppose a person of mass 60 kg intends to skate on ice at —2°C and carries with him skates, which have 15 mm? as the area of contact with the ice surface when placed on ice. The specific volumes of ice and water at 0°C are 1.091 x 10% m/kg and 1.0 x 10° m‘/kg respectively and the latent heat of fusion of water is 333.43 kJ/kg. Determine whether the person would be able to skate or not. (OR) b) A household refrigerator is maintained at a temperature of -2°C. Every time the door is opened, warm material is placed inside, introducing an average of 240 kJ, but making only a small change in the temperature of the refrigerator. ‘The door is opened 20 times a day and the refrigerator operates at 15% of the ideal COP. The cost of work is 32 paise per kWh. What is the monthly bill for this refrigerator ? The atmosphere is at 30°C.