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External Pressure
External Pressure
Note: if the pipe is not subjected to internal pressure, you can assume a pipe wall thickness and proceed the external pressure calculation to see how much
the pipe will resist the imposed external load, may be you need to increase the pipe wall thickness.
The pressure piping code ASME B31 guide us to use the ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Div. 1, UG-28 for checking the assumed/calculated thickness of pipe
wall.
Quoted
Pa = Calculated value of max. allowable external working pressure for the assumed value of t, psi.
Step 1. Assume a value for t and determine the value of L/ Do and Do /t.
Step 3. Using the value of L/ Do , move horizontally to the line for value of Do /t.
Step 4. Using A, enter the applicable material chart, move vertically to an intersection with the material/temp. line for the design temp. (see UG-20).
• If A falls to the right of the end of the curve, assume an intersection with the horizontal projection of the upper end of the curve.
• For A falling to the left of the end of the curve, see Step 7.
Step 5. From intersection obtained in Step 4, move horizontally to the right and read the value of B.
Step 1. Using the same procedure as given in UG-28(c)(1), obtain the value of B.
• For values of Do /t < 4, the value of A can be calculated using the following formula : A = 1.1 / (D o / t)2
Step 2. Using the value of B, calculate a value Pa1 using the following formula : Pa1 = [2.167/(Do/t) - 0.0833] B
Step 3. Calculate a value of Pa2 using the following formula : Pa2 = [2S/(Do / t)][1 - 1/(Do/t)]
where, S = Lesser of 2 times the max. allowable stress in tension at design metal temp., from the applicable table referenced in UG-23, or 0.9 times yield
strength of the material at design temp. Values of yield strength are obtained from the applicable external pressure chart as follows :
(a) For a given temp. curve, determine the B value that corresponds to the right hand side termination point of the curve.
(b) The yield strength is twice the B value obtained in (a) above.
Step 4. The smaller of Pa1 or Pa2 shall be used for the max. allowable external working pressure Pa .