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Ebolusyon NG Tao - Wikipedia, Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya
Ebolusyon NG Tao - Wikipedia, Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya
Ebolusyon NG Tao - Wikipedia, Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya
Kasaysayan ng pag-aaral
Fossil Hominid Evolution Display sa The Museum of
Osteology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
Ebolusyon ng tao
Ang Notharctus na nabuhay sa Europa at Hilagang
Amerika noong 50 milyong taong nakakalipas. Ang
mga modernong lemur ay nag-ebolb mula sa mga
primadong katulad ng genus na ito.
Mga genus
Genus Australopithecus
Rekonstruksiyo
n ng Homo
habilis na
pinaniniwalaan
g ninuno ng
Homo ergaster.
Westfälisches
Museum für
Archäologie,
Herne
Homo ergaster
na
pinaniniwalaan
g ninuno ng
Homo
heidelbergensis
Isang
rekonstruksiyon
ng Homo
heidelbergensis
na
pinaniniwalaan
g ninuno ng
parehong mga
Neanderthal at
mga Homo
sapiens.
1.75 m 90 kg
H. antecessor 1.2 – 0.8 Espanya 1,000 2 sites 199
(5.7 ft) (200 lb)
Africa,
850
Eurasia
1.8 m 60 kg (early) –
H. erectus 1.8 – 0.2 (Java, Marami 189
(5.9 ft) (130 lb) 1,100
China, India,
(late)
Caucasus)
Silanganin
at 1.9 m 700–
H. ergaster 1.9 – 1.4 Marami 197
Katimugang (6.2 ft) 850
Aprika
1.0 m 25 kg
H. floresiensis 0.10 – 0.012 Indonesia 400 7 individuals 200
(3.3 ft) (55 lb)
South 1.0 m
H. gautengensis >2 – 0.6 1 individual 201
Africa (3.3 ft)
1.0– 33–
1.5 m 55 kg 510–
H. habilis 2.3 – 1.4 Aprika Marami 196
(3.3– (73– 660
4.9 ft) 121 lb)
Europe,
1.8 m 90 kg 1,100–
H. heidelbergensis 0.6 – 0.35 Africa, Marami 190
(5.9 ft) (200 lb) 1,400
China
1.4– 50–
H. sapiens sapiens 0.2 – Buong 1.9 m 100 kg 1,000– Kasalukuyang
—/1
(modernong tao) kasalukuyan mundo (4.6– (110– 1,980 nabubuhay
6.2 ft) 220 lb)
Kasalukuyang ebolusyon ng
mga tao
Ang natural na seleksiyon ay nangyayari sa
mga kasalukuyang modernong
populasyon ng tao.[54] Halimbawa, ang
populasyon na nanganganib sa malalang
sakit na kuru ay may malaking sobrang
representasyon ng anyo ng immune na
prion protein gene G127V kesa sa hindi
mga immune na allele. Ang prekwensiya
ng mutasyon na ito ay sanhi ng survival ng
mga taong immune.[55][56] Ang ibang mga
direksiyong pang-ebolusyon sa ibang mga
populasyon ng tao ay kinabibilangan ng
paghaba ng panahong reproduktibo,
pagbawas sa mga lebel ng cholesterol,
blood glucose at blood pressure.[57] Ang
Lactase persistence ang isang halimbawa
ng kamakailang ebolusyon sa tao. Ang
karamihan ng mga mammal ay normal na
tumitigil sa paglikha ng enzyme na lactase
at nagiging lactose intolerant pagkatapos
ng weaning. Gayunpaman, ang ilang mga
populasyon ng tao ay nag-ebolb ng lactase
persistence kung saan ang produksiyon ng
lactase ay nagpapatuloy hanggang sa
pagtanda ng mga ito. Tinatayang ang 75%
ng mga matatandang tao sa buong mundo
ay may isang nabawasang paglikha ng
lactase.[58] Ang prekwensiya ng
nabawasang gawaing paglikha ng lactase
ay mula 5% sa hilagang Europa hanggang
71% sa Sicily hanggang sa 90% sa ilang
mga bansang Aprikano at Asyano.[59] Ang
distribusyon ng mga pagkakaiba sa
paglikha ng lactase sa mga populasyon ng
tao ay pinaniniwalaan ng mga siyentipiko
na sanhi ng natural na seleksiyon na
pumabor sa mga patuloy paglikha ng
lactase sa mga kultura ng tao na ang
produktong gatas ay pinagkukunan ng
pagkain.[60] Ito ay sanhi ng mga
independiyenteng nangyaring mutasyon sa
ilang mga populasyon ng taong meron
nito.[61]
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