Sort order # Column B Column C

(optional) Questions or terms Answers or definitions known known Hints for Column B Hints for Column C
a knocking in the pipes caused when faucets in the lower levels are
shut off. Water Hammer known

the force decelerating water causes the pipes to shake and rattle Water Hammer known
contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel
into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure Back Siphonage known
pipes expand and contract due to continuous changes in
temperature Expansion known
pipes expand and contract due to continuous changes in
temperature Contraction known

occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe makes contact with
the pipe enclosures,thus reducing the speed of water flow Friction Head Loss known
water obtained through a large intake installed on the lake basin
and extended into deep water Direct Pressure Districbution known
water taken from a drilled well or underground water Indirect Pressure Distribution known
pipes from the street water main or other source of water supply
to the building served Service Pipes known
device used to measure in liters or galloon the amount of water
that passes through water service Water Meter known

the principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter
from which the the various branches and risers to the fixtures are
taken Horizonal Supply Main known

a water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or more to

convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures Riser known
a water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water
districbuting pipe Fixture Branch known
used for control,isolation and repair of the water distribution
system Control and Valve known
storage of water Storage Tank known
water is provided by the city water companies using normal
pressure from public water main Direct Upfeed
when pressure supplied by city water supply is not strong enough
using compressed air. Air Pressure System
water is pumped into a large tank in top of the building and is
distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity Downfeed/Gravity System

With a continuing network of pipes to provide constant circulation

of water. Hot water rises on its own & does not need any pump for
circulation. Upfeed and Gravity Return System

Larger pipe is installed at the TOP of the riser & the diminishing
sizes passes through the lower floors of the building. Upfeed and Gravity Return System

Hot water rises on to the highest point of the plumbing system and
travels to the fixtures via gravity (closed pipe system) Downfeed and Gravity Return System

Larger pipe is installed at the BOTTOM of the riser & the

diminishing sizes passes through the upper floors of the building Downfeed and Gravity Return System
For a more efficient circulation of hot water to the upper floor
levels of multi-storey buildings. Pump Circuit System
Hot Water Consumption - Office building (galloons per person per
hour) 4 to 5
Hot Water Consumption - School building (galloons per person per
hour) 2 to 3
Hot Water Consumption - Apartment (galloons per person per
hour) 8

Hot Water Consumption -Hotels (galloons per person per hour) 8 to 10

Hot Water Consumption - Factories (galloons per person per hour) 4 to 6

Hot Water Consumption - Residential (galloons per person per
hour) 10
Working Load of Hot Water System - School, office and industrial
types 25%

Working Load of Hot Water System - Apartment and residences 35%

Working Load of Hot Water System -Hotels and restaurants 50%
Water is confined within a system at low temperature. Hot Water Space Heating System

Not a closed system which operate on much higher temperature. Hot Water Supply System

relies on gravity to supply water to fixtures below. Usually made of

galvanized steel, stainless steel, or reinforced concrete, it can come
in various shapes and sizes. Overhead Tanks
made in concrete, underground and connected with pump. Cistern

Used in the Air Pressure System, Often used

with a pump and also makes use of a pressure
relief valve, which relieves pressure
automatically if necessary.Used in the Air Pressure System, Often
used with a pump and also makes use of a pressure relief valve,
which relieves pressure automatically if necessary. Pneumatic Water Tanks

Small hot water tank (30-60 cm diameter; 180cm max length).

Made of galvanized steel sheet, copper or stainless steel. Range Boiler
Standard working pressure limit is 85 to 150 psi. Range Boiler
Sort order # Column B Column C
(optional) Questions or terms Answers or definitions known known Hints for Column B Hints for Column C

Large hot water tank (60-130 cmin diameter; 5m max length).

Made of heavy duty material sheets applied with rust proof paint. Storage Boiler
Standard working pressure limit is 65 to 100 psi. Storage Boiler
liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase
that is not saturated with the evaporating substance Evaporation
change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid
phase, and is the reverse of evaporation. Condensation
any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that
falls under gravity. Precipitation
Collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and
stored in cisterns or ponds. Rain Water
Obtained from ponds, lakes and rivers Natural Surface Water
From springs and wells and is the principal source of water for
domestic use in most rural areas. Ground Water
The ability to stick itself together and pull itself together SURFACE TENSION
The ability to absorb heat without becoming warmer HEAT ABSOPTION/CAPACITY
The ability to climb up a surface against the pull of gravity CAPILLARITY
Known as the “Universal Solvent” DISSOLVING ABILITY

Spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it

over rough surfaces to remove entrained noxious gases such as
carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide. Aeration

Addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and lime, to the

water which cause the larger suspended particles to form a
gelatinous mass which precipitates readily. The precipitate is
gathered in large dumps and disposed. Coagulation & precipitation

Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete

basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles Filtration
Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a
period of time Sedimentation
Water is injected with hypo-chlorite or chlorine gas to kill the
harmful bacteria Chlorination

Used mainly to completely close or completely open the water line

(does not control flow of water) Best suited to the main supply and
pump lines wherein operation is infrequent Gate Valve / Full-way valve

ball with a hole. Operated through a lever handle, When the ball
valve is closed it forms an excellent seal, although no water control
can be obtained when using ball valves. Ball Valve
Controls the flow of water with a movable spindle. Can reduce
water pressure (throttling) Globe Valve
Only one side of the valve is an inlet. Globe Valve

Main function is to prevent reversal of flow (backflow) in the line Check Valve

Used to make a 90° turn in a line to reduces number of joints Angle Valve
Located at the lower end of the pumps. Used mainly to prevent
loss of priming of the pumps. Foot Valve / Retention valve
Used on water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines &
other pipe lines with excessive pressure. Safety Valve
Have a disc allowing the flow of water to be regulated. Butterfly Valve
normally reduce the pressure after the valve. Butterfly Valve
When the _____ is open, the disc is parallel to the pipe and when
closed the disc is perpendicular to the pipe. Butterfly Valve

Use to reduce the water pressure to the desired or accepted limits.

They normally have a spring and diaphragm that is adjusted to
certain limits depending on the pressure of the water being served. Pressure Reducing Valves

______________ are installed at each high point of a pressure

pipeline. __________ are installed to eliminate or mitigate the
water hammer issues. Air release valves

Operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet. Compression Cock
Operates with a round tapering plug ground to fit a metal
sheet.‘Hose bibb”- has grooves fit for a hose Key Cock
Constructed with a ball connected to the handle Ball Cock
hole which has been dug, bored, driven or drilled into the ground
for the purpose of extracting water . Well

A well is considered to be shallow if it is less than _____ deep. 50 ft

a well in which the water level is at a depth exceeding 22 feet

beyond which the ordinary suction pump does not operate
satisfactorily. Deep Well

Most common type, Usually dug manually, Around 15 m deep. Dug Well / Shallow well

Constructed using an auger driven in by hand or with power tools.

Seldom hand driven below 15 meters, but can reach 40+ meters
with power tools Bored Well

Use of extreme water pressure so as not to affect existing

foundations in the vicinity.Used only where ground is relatively
soft, hence sometimes referred to as “Sand-Point Wells”. Jetted Well
Dug with a sharp pointed hollow slotted iron rod and well screen.
Depths 10-15 meters. Driven Well
Sort order # Column B Column C
(optional) Questions or terms Answers or definitions known known Hints for Column B Hints for Column C
Used for drilling oil and mining. Can reach up to 1000 m. Drilled Well
Water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston.
• Single Action – (water is drawn in with only 1 motion). Piston Pumps

Water is drawn into the pump & discharged with a centrifugal force. Centrifugal Pumps
Piston pumps that operate with controlled speed Reciprocating Pumps

The discharge from a __________ is pulsating and changes only

when the speed of the pump is changed. Sometimes an air
chamber is introduced to regulate the pulsation. Reciprocating Pumps
are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up from a
well Jet Pumps

are piston pumps that make use of a pump driver. Can discharge
from 900 to 1200 GPM. More efficient for viscous fluids. Rotary Pumps

vdesigned to be fully immersible within a tank or other media

storage receptacle. Many common types of pumps can be designed
by manufacturers to be submersible. Submersible Pumps

Sump pumps are used in applications where excess water must be

pumped away from a particular area. Category that encompasses a
number of styles of pumps that are used to pump out collected
fluid. Sump Pumps

are centrifugal pumps used for large applications because

of their multiple impellers.Turbine Pumps can discharge up to 2000
GPM. Turbine Pumps

designed to be fully immersible within a tank or other media

storage receptacle. Many common types of pumps can be designed
by manufacturers to be submersible. Wash Down
Flushes through a siphon action created
in the trapway. Reverse Trap
Has a larger trapway making it less
likely to clog. Quieter flushing action Siphon Jet

Less noisy and very efficient.

Flushing action is started by a whirlpool motion
followed by a complete flush down Siphon Vortex
flushing action is obtained directly from a flush valve connected
into the bowl. Direct Flush Valve
usually located in the operating room in a HOSPITAL. Scrub Sink
Where JANITOR clean and leaves their mops. Slop Sink

with removable panel of sufficient dimension to access pump.

Circulation pump shall be located above the crown weir of the trap.
Pump and circulation piping shall be self-draining. Bathtubs
Used for cleaning private parts, sometimes referred to as FEMALE
urinals. Bidets

With approved-type hinged strainer plate having the sum of the

areas of the small holes of the waterway equal to the cross-
sectional area of the tailpiece. Floor Drains

Receptor floor shall drain not less than 2% or more than 4% slope.
Thresholds shall accommodate a minimum 559 mm wide door. For
wheelchair use, dam or curb may be eliminated. Shower Receptors

conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter. Waste Pipe

used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and

for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals Vent Pipe

a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when

properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul
air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage
or wastewater through it. Trap

the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent piping extending

through one or more stories and extended thru the roof. Stack

any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack. Branch

part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which

receives the discharges from the soil, waste and other drainage
pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer outside
of the building. House/Building Drain

House/Building Drain - extends from the house drain at a point

___________from the outside face of the foundation wall of a
building to the junction with the street sewer or to any point of
discharge, and conveying the drainage of one building site. 0.60 meters