12.

Dalam soal-soal 1-6, carilah dw/dt dengan menggunakan aturan rantai. Nyatakan
jawaban akhir anda dalam bentuk t

1. w = x2 y3 ; x = t 3, y = t 2
Jawab :
w = x2 y3 ; x = t 3, y = t 2
dw ∂w dx ∂w Dy
= . + .
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt

= 2xy (3t ) + 3x2y2 (2t)

3 2

= 2(t3)(t2)3 (3t2) + 3(t3)2(t2)2(2t)

= 2(t3)(t6) (3t2) + 3(t6)(t4)(2t)
= 2(t9) (3t2) + 3t10(2t)
= 6t11 + 6t11
= 12t11

2. w = x2y – y2x ; x = cos t, y = sin t

Jawab :
𝑑𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑦
= . + .
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= (2xy – y2 )(- sin t) + (x2 - 2xy)(cos t)
= (2cos t.sin t – sin2 t)(- sin t) + (cos2t -2 cos t. sin t)(cos t)
= -2cos t.sin2 t + sin3 t + cos3t - 2 cos2t. sin t
= -2cos t.sin2 t - 2 cos2t. sin t + sin3 t + cos3t

3. w = 𝑒 𝑥 sin y + 𝑒 𝑦 sin x ; x = 3t, y = 2t

Jawab :
𝑑𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑦
= . + .
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= (𝑒 𝑥 sin y + 𝑒 cos x) (3) + (𝑒 𝑥 cos y + 𝑒 𝑦 sin x)(2)
𝑦

= 3(𝑒 3𝑡 sin 2t + 𝑒 2𝑡 cos 3t) + 2(𝑒 3𝑡 cos 2t + 𝑒 2𝑡 sin 3t)

= 3𝑒 3𝑡 sin 2t + 3𝑒 2𝑡 cos 3t + 2𝑒 3𝑡 cos 2t + 2𝑒 2𝑡 sin 3t

4. w = ln (x/y) ; x = tan t, y = sec2t

Jawab :
𝑑𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑦
= . + .
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡
𝜕𝑤 1 1 1
= 𝑥 .𝑦=𝑥
𝜕𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= sec2t
𝑑𝑡
 𝜕𝑤 1 𝑥 𝑥𝑦 1
= 𝑥 . – 𝑦 2 = - 𝑥𝑦 2 = − 𝑦
𝜕𝑦
𝑦
𝑑𝑦
= sec t tan t . 2 sec t = 2 sec2 t . tan t
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑦
= . + .
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡
1 1
= (𝑥) (sec2t) + (− 𝑦) (2 sec2 t . tan t)
sec2 𝑡 1
= - 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 (2 sec2 t . tan t)
tan 𝑡
sec2 𝑡
= – 2 tan t
tan 𝑡
sec2 𝑡 2tan2 𝑡 sec2 𝑡− 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑡 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑡 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑡
= – = =
tan 𝑡 tan 𝑡 tan 𝑡 tan 𝑡

5. w = sin (xyz2) ; x = t2, y = t2 , z = t

Jawab :
𝑑𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝑤 𝑑𝑧
= . + . + 𝜕𝑧 . 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= cos (xyz ) . yz2 (2t) + cos (xyz2) . xz2 (2t) + cos (xyz2) . 2xyz(1)
2

= cos (xyz2)(2yz2 t + 2xz2 t + 2xyz)

= cos (t2 t2 t2)(2 t2 t2 t + 2 t2 t2 t +2 t2 t2 t )
= cos (t6) (2t5 + 2t5 + 2t5)
= cos (t6)(6t5)
= (6t5) cos (t6)

6. w = xy + yz + xz; x = 𝑡 2 , y = 1 - 𝑡 2 , z = 1 – t
Jawab :
𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑦
= +
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= (y + z) (2t) + (x + z) (-2t) + (y + x) (-1)
= ((1 - 𝑡 2 ) + (1 – t)) (2t) + (𝑡 2 + (1 – t)) (- 2t) + ((1 - 𝑡 2 ) + 𝑡 2 ) (-1)
= ( 2 – t – 𝑡 2 ) (2t) + (1 – t + 𝑡 2 ) (- 2t) + (-1)
= 4t – 2𝑡 2 - 2𝑡 3 – 2t + 2𝑡 2 - 2𝑡 3 – 1
= 2t – 4𝑡 3 – 1

Dalam soal-soal 7-12, carilah dw/dt dengan menggunakan aturan rantai.

Nyatakan jawaban akhir anda dalam bentuk x dan t

7. w = 𝑥 2 y; x = st, y = s – t
Jawab :
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦
= +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡
= (2xy) (s) + (𝑥 2 ) (-1)
= (2st(s – t)) (s) + (𝑠𝑡)2 (-1)
 = (2𝑠 2 t – 2s𝑡 2 ) (s) + (𝑠 2 𝑡 2 ) (-1)
= 2𝑠 3 t – 2𝑠 2 𝑡 2 – 𝑠 2 𝑡 2
= 𝑠 2 t (2s – 2t – t)
= 𝑠 2 t (2s – 3t)

8. w = 𝑥 2 - y ln x; x = s/t, y = 𝑠 2
Jawab :
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦
= +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡
= (2x – y/x) (-s𝑡 −2 ) + (-ln x) (𝑠 2 )
= (2(s/t) – (𝑠 2 𝑡)/(s/t)) (-s𝑡 −2 ) + (-ln s/t) (𝑠 2 )
= (2s/t - s𝑡 2 ) (-s𝑡 −2 ) + (-𝑠 2 ln (s/t))
= (- 2𝑠 2 𝑡 −3 ) + 𝑠 2 - 𝑠 2 ln (s/t)

11. w = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ; 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑠 2 𝑡

Jawab:

∂𝑤 ∂𝑤 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑤 ∂𝑦 ∂𝑤
= + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧

∂𝑧 1 1
= ⁄
(2𝑥)(− s sin 𝑠𝑡) + (2𝑦)(s cos 𝑠𝑡)
𝜕𝑡 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )1 2 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )1⁄2

1
+ (2𝑧)(𝑠 2 )
2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )1⁄2

𝑥(− s sin 𝑠𝑡) 𝑦(s cos 𝑠𝑡) 𝑧(𝑠 2 )

= 2 + +
(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )1⁄2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )1⁄2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )1⁄2

𝑥(− s sin 𝑠𝑡) + 𝑦(s cos 𝑠𝑡) + 𝑧(𝑠 2 )

=
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )1⁄2

cos 𝑠𝑡(−𝑠 sin 𝑠𝑡) + sin 𝑠𝑡(𝑠 cos 𝑠𝑡) + 𝑠 2 𝑡(𝑠 2 )

=
{(cos 𝑠𝑡)2 + (sin 𝑠𝑡)2 + (𝑠 2 𝑡)2 }1⁄2

−𝑠 sin 𝑠𝑡 cos 𝑠𝑡 + sin 𝑠𝑡 cos 𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠 4 𝑡

=
(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠 4 𝑡 2 )1⁄2

0 + 𝑠4𝑡
=
(1 + 𝑠 4 𝑡 2 )1⁄2

= 𝑠 4 𝑡(1 + 𝑠 4 𝑡 2 )−1⁄2
12. w = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦+𝑧 ; 𝑥 = 𝑠 + 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑠 − 𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑡 2

jawab:

∂𝑤 ∂𝑤 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑤 ∂𝑦 ∂𝑤 ∂𝑧
= + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡

= (𝑒 𝑥𝑦+𝑧 𝑦)(1) + (𝑒 𝑥𝑦+𝑧 𝑥)(−1) + (𝑒 𝑥𝑦+𝑧 )(2𝑡)

= 𝑦(𝑒 𝑥𝑦+𝑧 ) − 𝑥(𝑒 𝑥𝑦+𝑧 ) + 2𝑡(𝑒 𝑥𝑦+𝑧 )

= (𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2𝑡)(𝑒 𝑥𝑦+𝑧 )
2
= {(𝑠 + 𝑡) − (𝑠 − 𝑡) + 2𝑡 }(𝑒 (𝑠+𝑡)(𝑠−𝑡)+𝑡 )

2−𝑡2 +𝑡2
= 𝑠 + 𝑡 − 𝑠 + 𝑡 + 2𝑡(𝑒 𝑠 )
2
= 0(𝑒 𝑠 )

=0

13. jika z = 𝑥 2 𝑦; 𝑥 = 2𝑡 + 𝑠, dan𝑦 = 1 − 𝑠𝑡 2 , tentukan

𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑡 𝑠 = 1, 𝑡 = −2

Jawab:

∂𝑧 ∂𝑧 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑧 ∂𝑦
= +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡

= 2𝑥𝑦(2) + 𝑥 2 (−2𝑠𝑡)

= 4𝑥𝑦 − (2𝑠𝑡)(𝑥 2 )

= 4(2𝑡 + 𝑠) − (1 − 𝑠𝑡 2 ) − 2𝑠𝑡(2𝑡 + 𝑠)2

= 4(2𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑡 3 + 𝑠 + 𝑠 2 𝑡 2 ) − 2𝑠𝑡(4𝑡 2 + 4𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠)

𝜕𝑧 = 4{2(−2) − 2(1)(−2)3 + 1 − 12 (−2)2 }

𝜕𝑡 (1, −2)
−2(1)(−2){4(−2)2 + 4(1)(−2) + 1}

= 4(9) + 4(9)

= 36 + 36

= 72
14. jika z = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦; 𝑥 = 𝑟 + 𝑠 + 𝑡, dan𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑡, tentukan
𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑠 𝑟 = 1, 𝑠 = −1, 𝑡 = 2

Jawab:

∂𝑧 ∂𝑧 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑧 ∂𝑦
= +
𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡

= (𝑦 + 1)(1) + (𝑥 + 1)(𝑟𝑡)

= 𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 1 + (𝑟 + 𝑠 + 𝑡 + 1)(𝑟𝑡)

= 𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 1 + 𝑟 2 𝑡 + 𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 𝑟𝑡 2 + 𝑟𝑡

= 1 + 𝑟𝑡(1 + 𝑠 + 𝑟 + 𝑠 + 𝑡)

= 1 + 𝑟𝑡(1 + 2𝑠 + 𝑟 + 𝑡)

𝜕𝑧
= 1 + (1)(2){1 + 2(−1) + 1 + 2}
𝜕𝑠 (1, −1,2)

= 1 + 2(1 − 2 + 1 + 2)

= 1 + 2(2)

=5

15. jika w= 𝑢2 − 𝑢 tan 𝑣; u = 𝑥, dan𝑦 = 𝜋𝑥, tentukan

𝑑𝑤
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 = 1⁄4

Jawab:
𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑣
= +
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥

= 2𝑢 − tan 𝑣 (1) − 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑣 (𝜋)

= 2𝑥 − tan 𝜋𝑥 − 𝜋𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑣 𝜋𝑥
1 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= − tan − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
𝑑𝑤 2 4 4 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 = 1⁄4
1 𝜋
= − 1 − (2)
2 4
1 𝜋
= −1−
2 2
1+𝜋
=−
2
Dalam Soal – soal 21 – 24, gunakan metode Contoh 6a untuk menemukan dy/dx.

21. 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 - 𝑦 3 = 0

Jawab:

Misalkan F(x,y) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 y - 𝑦 3 = 0.

Maka;
𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑥 3𝑥2 +4𝑥𝑦 3𝑥 2 +4𝑥𝑦
=− 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑦=− 2𝑥2−3𝑦2 =
𝑑𝑥 3𝑦 2 −2𝑥 2

22. 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 + 5x – 17 = 0

Jawab:

Misalkan F(x,y) = 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 + 5x – 17 = 0.

Maka;
𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑥 −𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 +5 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 − 5 𝑒 𝑥
=− 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑦= − = ∙ = y− 5𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒𝑥

23. 𝑥 sin y + y cos x = 0

Jawab:

Misalkan F(x,y) = 𝑥 sin y + y cos x = 0

Maka;
𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑥 sin 𝑦 − 𝑦 sin 𝑥 𝑦 sin 𝑥 −sin 𝑦
= − 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑦 =− 𝑥 cos 𝑦+cos 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 cos 𝑦+cos 𝑥

24. 𝑥 2 cos y - 𝑦 2 sin x = 0

Jawab:

Misalkan F(x,y) = 𝑥 2 cos y - 𝑦 2 sin x = 0

Maka;
𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑥 (2𝑥 cos 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 cos 𝑥) 2𝑥 cos 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 cos 𝑥
= − 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑦 = − =
𝑑𝑥 −𝑥 2 sin 𝑦 − 2𝑦 sin 𝑥 𝑥 2 sin 𝑦 + 2𝑦 sin 𝑥

25. Jika 3𝑥 2 z + 𝑦 3 - xy𝑧 3 = 0, carilah 𝜕𝑧/𝜕𝑥 (Contoh 7)

Jawab:

Misalkan F(x,y,z) = 3𝑥 2 z + 𝑦 3 - xy𝑧 3 = 0.

Maka;
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑥 6𝑥𝑧 − 𝑦𝑧3 𝑦𝑧 3 − 6𝑥𝑧
= − 𝜕𝐹/𝜕𝑧 =− 3𝑥2− 3𝑥𝑦𝑧2 = 2
𝜕𝑥 3𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 2