Capacitance

LECTURE - 6
Jayant Nagda
Physics Educator

B.Tech, IIT Bombay

IIT-JEE AIR- 161

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JEELIVE
Dielectric
Dielectric Material

● Non-conducting
● No free movement of charge
● No or negligible charges

porcelain (ceramic), mica, glass,

plastics, and the oxides of various
metals
Polar & Non Polar Molecules

Dielectric can be made up of polar or non-polar molecule

Polar molecule:
+ve & -ve centres don’t coincide

Non-polar:
+ve & -ve centres coincides
Polar & Non Polar Molecules

Polar molecule:
permanent dipole moment

Non-polar:
Induced dipole moment
Dielectric Material

● Randomly Oriented

● Thermal agitation

● Total dipole moment zero

● Net charge in small volume zero

Dielectric Material

● In both Polar & Non-Polar

Dielectric

● External field, a net dipole

moment is developed.

● Zero net charge in small volume

● Non-zero net charge density at

the surface
 Polarization Vector

Polarization vector is
- +
- + Dipole moment per unit volume
- +
- +
- +
- +
- +
- +
- +
 Dielectric Material

- +
- +
- +
- +
- +
- +
- +
- +
- +
 Dielectric Constant (K)

- +
- +
- +
- +
- +
K : Dielectric Constant
- +
Or
- +
Relative Permittivity of
- +
Dielectric Medium
- +
PPC with Dielectric
Parallel Plate Capacitor with Dielectric

+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -

d
Parallel Plate Capacitor with Dielectric

+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
The Capacitance increases by a factor ‘K’
d
 Charge Induced on the Dielectric

+Q -Q
-QP +QP
+ - + -
A + -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -

d
 Parallel Plate Capacitor with Dielectric

+Q -Q
-QP +QP
+ - + -
A + -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + - Qp is magnitude of the induced charge
+ -
+ - + -

d
Example
Find Ceq if each Capacitor (without dielectric) is C

A. B. C. D.

K=2
Example
Find the equivalent capacitance if each Capacitor (without dielectric) is C

A. B. C. D.

K1

K2
Example
Find the equivalent capacitance if each Capacitor (without dielectric) is C

A. B. C. D.

K1 K2
Example Find the equivalent capacitance.
A : Area of each plate,
d : Separation between two plates.

A. B. C. D.

K=2 A/2
Example Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B.
A : Area of each plate,
d : Separation between two plates.

A. B. C. D.

K=2

d/2 d/2
Example Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B.
A : Area of each plate,
d : Separation between two plates.

A. B. C. D.

A/2

A B
K2 A/2

d
Example Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B.
A : Area of each plate,
B : Separation between two plates.

A. B. C. D.

d/2
K1

K2 d/2

A/2 A/2
B
Example Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B.
A : Area of each plate,
d : Separation between two plates.

A. B. C. D.

K1=4 A/2

K2=3 K3=6

d/2 d/2
Homework Questions
Example
A sheet of aluminium foil of negligible thickness is introduced between the
plates of a capacitor. The capacitance of the capacitor
[2003]

A. Decreases
B. remains unchanged
C. becomes infinite
D. Increases
Example A parallel plate capacitor is made by stacking n equally spaced plates
connected alternatively. If the capacitance between any two adjacent
plates is 'C" then the resultant capacitance is
[2002]
A. (n+1)C

A. (n-1)C

A. nC

A. C
Example Find the equivalent capacitance
A : Area of each plate,
d : Separation between two plates

And K varies as

x
Example Find the equivalent capacitance
A : Area of each plate,
l: length of the plate
d : Separation between two plates

And K varies as

y
Example Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B.
A : Area of each plate,
d : Separation between two plates.

K1

K2
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