I.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Given a broad usage, the domestic application attached to “Home Appliance”

tied to the definition of appliance as an instrument or device designed for a particular

use or function. More specifically home appliance as: devices or machines, usually

electrical, that are in your home and which you use for daily needs. The broad usage,

afforded to the definition allows for nearly any device intended for domestic use to be a

home appliance, including consumer electronics such as electric fan, light bulbs,

Television (TV), washing machine and refrigerator.

It is common the way we switch or turn ON an appliance basically the manual

procedure is to plug it to the socket or power supply and turn it ON and OFF with the

use of the power buttons or simply unplugged from the socket, the same thing with the

light bulbs, this cycle provides the idea for us the proponents in proposing a system that

will easily control home appliances.

The aim of this proposed project; The Home Automation System is for

convenience in the house in terms of controlling appliances and in further light that

activates through sensor. This home automation is an intelligent network based control

solution that incorporates between various system input and output related to

appliances control system, the project is embedded with a microcontroller Arduino,

 Wi-Fi module and Motion sensor oblige to meet the purpose of Home Automation

System. The concept of the proposed project is to control appliances using android

phone via local Wi-Fi connection and switch light automatically with infrared motions.

This proposed project will provide some benefits in the house as we believed that

automating leads to the improvement and innovation more specifically in our daily life.

1.2 PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 PURPOSE

To provide easy solution in terms of switching ON and OFF home appliances such

as Electric fan, Lamp, Ceiling fan, DVD player, Sound system, Washing Machine,

Television such as (LED TV, Fukuda, Samsung, Sharp, Panasonic, LG, Uni-Tech) and

refrigerators such as (Sharp, Panasonic, Sony, Condura) by embedding to

microcontroller using android phone and featuring motion sensor for light.

1.2.2 DESCRIPTION

The proposed project Home Automation System is a smart way of controlling

appliances in switching ON/OFF using android smart phone features motion sensor for

switching the light.

1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES

To develop Home Automation System that can control home appliances using

android smart phone via connecting to the systems Wi-Fi and in further controls lights

with infrared motion.

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

1. To implement wireless switching for the lights and in some appliances

2. To technically innovate and automate the house when using appliances.

3. To easily operate appliances sequentially or simultaneously.

1.4 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

1.4 SCOPE

A smartly controlled appliances and sensor light is for the home automation, the

proposed project Home Automation System with modelled house and with simple

switches that controls fans, lights and other appliances.

1.4.1 Control the appliances with android smart phone via connecting to the systems

Wi-Fi.

1.4.2 Turn lights ON by detecting motions.

1.4.3 Controls different appliances with a limited distance.

1.4.4 Turn the different appliances ON/OFF sequentially and simultaneously.

1.5 DELIMITATION

1.5.1 The only capable controller is an android phone with its modelled house and

focuses only to switch ON/OFF appliances.

 1.5.2 Only motion will sensor the lights to ON and the motion detector for lights has a

range of approximately 3-6 meters.

1.5.3 Controlling the appliances using android phone with the systems Wi-Fi has a

range of 32 meters (105 ft.)

1.5.4 Controlled only a maximum of three appliances.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of the proposed project is for the innovations and automation of

appliances at home. The benefits of the Home Automation are the following;

1. Lights and appliances that are easily controlled makes convenient and comfortable

2. Instead of turning the switch ON or plug the appliances manually. Use the android

phone to switch the appliances ON and OFF.

3. Requires only two button switch to control appliances ON/OFF simultaneously.

4. Ease the process on switching appliances ON/OFF.

5. Provide technological compatibility.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Arduino - Is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-

use hardware and software.

 Wi-Fi - Used to certify the interoperability of wireless computer networking devices.

 Android- Is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux kernel

and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices.

 System – Is a set of interacting or independent component parts forming a complex or

intricate whole.

 Modelled house- Is a miniature house with socket, Wi-Fi module, Relay and

microcontrollers.

 Microcontroller- Is a computer present in a single integrated circuit which is dedicated to

perform one task and execute one specific application. It contains memory,

programmable input/output peripherals as well a processor.

 Network – To connect (computers) in a way that allows information and equipment to be

shared.

 Innovation- To do something in a new way; to have new ideas about how something

can be done.

 Automation- Or an automatic control, is the use of various control systems for operating

equipment

 PIR (Passive Infrared) - Is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light

radiating from objects in its field of view.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter is about the view of the problem and covers the various literature

and related studies. It provides the theories and information that is needed to support

the study and existing system. The chapter shows facts that were gathered and the

representation of the interrelating systems that indicates their interconnection with the

proposed project.

The purposed of this chapter aims to provide the reader, with the broad

theoretical framework, related literature and studies after the thorough and in dept.

search done by the researcher. It is used for interpreting the research which presented

the system background. This also presents the schematic diagrams, pictorial and

theoretical framework to fully understand the research to be done. This can be a big

help to the researcher to develop a whole understanding by doing the system.

2.1 Related Literature

According to (Hendricks, April 22,2014) the first smart homes were ideas, was

an ideas, not an actual structures. For decades, science fiction has explored the idea of

home automation. Prolific writers, such as Ray Bradbury, imagined a future where

homes were interactive, and seemingly ran themselves. In Bradbury’s cautionary short

story, “There Will Come Soft Rains” he describes an automated home that continues to

function even after humans have died out. It’s all well and frightening, until you consider
the actual benefits of home automation, and then the idea becomes more comforting

than chilling.

Although the idea of home automation has been around for some time, actual

smart homes have only existed a short while. This timeline focuses on hardware,

meaning actual invention leading up to the smart homes we knew today and we can

expect in the near future.

According to Alan Buckingham, The concept of home automation has been

around for a long time but the technology just wasn't there. Many science-fiction writers

included it in their stories, Ray Bradbury famously among them.

As for the remote control, you'll really need to set your time machine to "way back"

mode -- think about the famous electrical genius Nikola Tesla, who first created one to

control a toy boat. That was in 1898, in the days he was competing with Edison to figure

these things out.

There were many more advances after that, but things moved slowly. Technology had

to catch up to ideas and the phrase Smart Home finally came around in 1984, ironically

enough (the year, not the book).

All the above monitored concepts were used in developing the Home Automation

Conceptual Model
 The conceptual model which guided the study in depicted in the form of

paradigm as show in figure 2.1

Figure 0-1Figure 2.1 Paradigms

2.2 Related System

1.2.1 Arduino based: Smart Light Control System

According to Deepak Kumar Rath the project is to implement an auto-intensity

control of LED-based on LDR which is interfaced to an Arduino board. As the

surrounding light decreases slowly from evening to early down, the light intensity

gradually increases and then it will gradually decreased from night to early dawn hence

saves energy .Thus, the lights switch on at the dusk and light intensity increases

till midnight and regressively decrease till dawn and then it is automatically

switched-off. The process repeats every day. As stated earlier, application includes:

park lights, street lights, head light in automobile and many unexplored options.

Relay is used to provide isolation between Arduino and 220 volt AC supply.

Figure 0-
 2Figure 2.2 Architecture Design

The pictorial representation of our model is given below:

The figure 2.2 shows the flow as well as the connections between the LDR, Arduino and

Relay , in the figure itself once light light it passed through the LDR then it flows to

Arduino to Relay and then relay on the Bulb.

Figure 0-3
 Figure 2.3 Schematic View

The schematic diagram of the smart lighting system is given below:

The figure 2.3 shows the schematic view from the Arduino and the pins used in

developing the Smarth Light Control System these typical point to point connections of

Arduino, Relay and LDR.

 1.2.2 Home Automation via Bluetooth using Arduino Uno Microcontroller

According to Ayush Kumar, the primary motive of this Project is to build up a

system which helps the elderly and handicapped people live a more independent life.

The objective of this project is to take into consideration all the domestic systems that

are difficult to controlled by the elderly and handicapped people. The project will allow

any person who has an enabled Bluetooth Android Mobile Phone to download the

application on Google Play Store. With the help of this application the user may able to

control all the necessary appliances which are connected via Bluetooth receiver. The

Proposed System enable the clients to have the access to all the appliances at Home

which are installed with android Bluetooth system including air conditioners and light

bulbs with a single click on a mobile phone to turn it either ON or OFF.

Figure 0-
 4Figure 2.4 Home Automation via Bluetooth using Arduino Uno Microcontroller

Prototype:

The figure 2.4 shows the prototype of Home Automation via Bluetooth using Arduino

Uno Microcontroller the figure contains Sockets, Arduino and some information in the

board. This light sockets can be controlled from android phone via Bluetooth.

Figure 0-
 5Figure 2.5 System Design

The figure 2.5 refers to the Home Automation via Bluetooth using Arduino Uno

Microcontroller the design portray the following connections of the used appliances,

components etc. Android phone serve as the controller and connections between

Arduino is via Bluetooth, once android phone starts communicating the Arduino will

send the functions to the following appliances.

 1.2.3 Home Appliances Control Systems Using Phones and RF Remotes

According to Tarun Agarwal the system intend to ease the waste of time and

energy by manually switching on and off the load every time, you can ease your work

just by dialling the required number on your land line phone and accordingly control the

particular appliance. You can also just simply use a remote control to control the home

appliances.

Figure 0-6Figure 2.6 Home Appliances Control Systems Using Phones and RF

Remotes Prototype

The figure 2.6 is the prototype of Home Appliances Control Systems Using Phones and

RF Remotes the 10 bulbs in the system is controllable by phone or remote control the

project consisting of 10 relays for the 10 bulbs which will give way the flow of current on

the bulb once the commands sent either by phone or remote control.
 1.3 Synthesis

Smart homes ideas were not actual structures until science fiction has explored the idea

of Home Automation and those fiction has continue even after humans have died out.

The idea of home automation has been around some time actual smart homes have just

only existed a short while that is (Hendricks, April 22,2014) ideas. While Drew

Hendricks Home Automation has been around long time but the technology wasn’t

there.

According to Alan Buckingham, The concept of home automation has been existed a

long time. But the technology wasn't available .There was an advancement after that,

But things moves slowly. Technology has to catch up the ideas and the phrase smart

Homes; finally it came around the year 1984. Having these three implementations

Arduino based: Smart Light Control System, Home Automation via Bluetooth using

Arduino Uno Microcontroller, and Home Appliances Control Systems Using Phones and

RF Remotes are commonly used Arduino microcontroller but have their own different

usage to improve the present technology.

On Deepak Kumar Rath the implementation is based on saving energy where

the application includes park lights, street lights and head lights in automobile. In result,

the light switch at the dusk and light intensity increase till midnight and regressively

decrease till dawn and then finally switch off automatically this process repeat every

day. On our proposed system our light is Automatically ON once motion was appeared

or detect in the area and when it no longer detects any motions within 5seconds it turns

OFF this is different from Deepak Kumar Rath project at the first place the functions,
objectives and motivations are also difference but they are commonly related in some

way.

While, the motive of Ayush Kumar is to build and to help the people especially

elderly to live life independently. Their project allows the client to have access to all the

appliances in the house with a single click on their android phone via Bluetooth to either

turn it on and off. The idea of Ayush Kumar on having Bluetooth as controlling the

appliances is similar to our proposed project the only difference is we use Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi

module is cheaper than Bluetooth module at the first place and it can operate broader

range than Bluetooth.

Also, on Tarun Agarwal is based on RF remote control where client can just use

a remote control or just dialling the required number on the land line to control the

appliances without wasting time.