F LUID F LOW M EASUREMENT

Assignment:1

Course title: ERGY 311 Measurements Lab

Instructor: Dr.Tamer

Group no: 2 Section : 3

Pre- Junior Energy & Renewable Energy

Names:
1.Mostafa Ahmed Zein ID:12P5115
2.Islam Mohamed Ibrahim ID:12P5018
3.Ahmed Ismail Tawfik ID: 12P5041
4.Mostafa Sherif Mohamed ID: 12P5032
5.Mostafa Ahmed Abourehab ID:12P1174

March 2015
 QUESTION 1

a) Venturi tube

b) Pitot-static tube.

c) Turbine flow meter.

d) Electromagnetic flow meter.

e) Orifice plate.

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 QUESTION 2
Comparison Orfice plate Flow nozzle

Construction

An orifice plate is a thin plate with

A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of
a hole in it, which is usually placed
varying cross sectional area
in a pipe.
 used for measuring flow rate,
for reducing pressure or for
restricting flow (in the latter
 device used for measuring two cases it is often called a
flow rate, for reducing restriction plate). Either a
pressure or for restricting volumetric or mass flow rate
flow (in the latter two cases it may be determined,
Principle of is often called a restriction depending on the calculation
operation plate). Either a volumetric or associated with the orifice
mass flow rate may be plate
determined, depending on the  Changing the cross sectional
calculation associated with area of the tube cause a
the orifice plate. change in the velocity of the
fluid, with a related change in
pressure.

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  Simple
 Cheap
 can be delivered for almost
Advantages any application in any
material.
 Thin enough to use in pipe
flanges.
 The sharpness of the edge of
the orifice can become worn
with use, causing calibration
errors.
 The possible build-up of
Disadvantages
matter against the plate.
 A considerable loss in the
pumping efficiency due to the
pressure loss downstream of
the plate.
F.H.D
 relative simple
 Cheap
 available for many
applications in many
materials.
 Recommended to be used
with high velocity flows
 Less wear & friction than
Orifice plate
 Not recommended for low
flow rate measurement.
 Much more expensive than
Orifice plate
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 Venturi meter Pitot-static tube
Comparison

Construction

A Venturi tube is
essentially a section of pipe
with a tapered entrance
and a straight throat

 As liquid passes measures a fluid velocity by converting the

through the throat, kinetic energy of the flow into potential energy.
its velocity increases, The conversion takes place at the stagnation
causing a pressure point, located at the Pitot tube entrance . A
differential between pressure higher than the free-stream pressure
Principle of the inlet and outlet results from the kinematic to potential
operation region conversion. This "static" pressure is measured
 The pressure by comparing it to the flow's dynamic pressure
difference throat is with a differential manometer.
measured and
provides a signal for
the rate of flow.

 High accuracy  Inexpensive

results are possible  small pressure loss
Advantages  There is a low  easy to install
pressure loss in the
tube (typically only
2% to 3% in a well-

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 proportioned tube).
 Venturi meters are
unlikely to trap any
matter from the fluid
being metered.

 Relatively expensive There are some practical limitations to the use

 The installation of a pitot-static tube:
tends to be rather 1-don't work very well for very low velocities.
Disadvantages long (typically 120 2-If the velocity is very high (supersonic), the
mm for a pipe of measurement is wrong.
internal diameter 50 3-If the tubes become clogged or pinched; the
mm). resulting pressures at the transducer are not the
total and static pressures of the external flow.

F.H.D

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Comparison Rotary vane positive displacement
Construction
Principle of Liquid enters the cylindrical
operation measuring chamber and is forced to
separate into two equal streams,
traveling in a 360 loop. The streams
are further channeled, by the special
configuration of the measuring
chamber, into a series of vortices
which cause the rotary vaned
impeller to rotate in direct
proportion to the flow rate. These
dual flow streams are recombined
into a single stream at the meter
outlet. The rotary impeller is
connected to the meter register by a
magnetic drive assembly. Each
impeller rotation is mechanically
tabulated and displayed by the
meter register.
Advantages  very accurate
 high turndown
 They can be used in
very viscous, dirty
and corrosive fluids and
essentially require no straight
runs of pipe for fluid flow
stream conditioning though
Turbine flow meter
Contains in its construction a rotor to
which blades are attached which spin
at
a velocity proportional to the velocity
of the fluid which flows through the
meter the number of revolutions
made by the turbine blades may be
determined by a mechanical or
electrical device enabling the flow
 High accuracy
 wide temperature and pressure
capability
 good response
 compact durable form
 Wide temperature and pressure
capillary.
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 pressure drop can be an issue
 PD flow meters work best
with clean, non-corrosive, and
non-erosive liquids and gases,
although some models will
tolerate some impurities

Disadvantage  Some designs require that  Expensive to set up with all

s only lubricating fluid be
measured, because the rotors
are exposed to the fluid
 Relatively heavy
 Relatively Expensive
 Not ease of maintenance
F.H.D
options
 The lower end can accumulate
viscosity, resulting in loss of
accuracy
 The solids mixed in the fluid
must be of negligible size


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 QUESTION 3

 Float & Tapered-tube meter

1- In the medical field
2- Mechanical engineering test
3- In particular for very low flow rates

 Electromagnetic Flow meter:

1- Measurement of speeds of pastes and viscous liquids
2- Widely used in the water
3- Production, supply and treatment industry.

 Hot-wire anemometer:
1- Measuring Airflow.
2- Measurement of small tidal volumes.
3- Used with a constant background flow of gas

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 Deflecting vane flow meter:
1- Measuring liquid flow rates in open channels
2- Measuring the velocity of air in ventilation ducts

 Cup anemometer:
1- measuring velocity of moving gases
2- wind speed

 Doppler flow meter:

1- Measures fluid velocity. It requires a flat flow profile in
order to convert velocity into flow units using the inside
area of the pipe.

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 QUESTION 4

h1=80mm, h2=20mm, d1=30mm, d2=15mm, Cd=0.95

- The fluid flow rate=Q=??

𝝅 𝝅
A1= (d1)2 = (0.03)2 =7.0686*10-4 mm2
𝟒 𝟒

𝝅 𝝅
A2= (d2)2 = (0.015)2 =1.767*10-4 mm2
𝟒 𝟒

∆h= h1 - h2 =80-20=60mm =0.06m

𝐂𝐝 𝐀𝟏 𝐀𝟐 √𝟐𝐠∆𝐡
𝐐=
√𝐀 𝟏 𝟐 − 𝐀 𝟐 𝟐

𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 (𝟕. 𝟎𝟔𝟖𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 )(𝟏. 𝟕𝟔𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 )√𝟐(𝟗. 𝟖𝟏)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟔)

𝐐=
√(𝟕. 𝟎𝟔𝟖𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 )𝟐 − (𝟏. 𝟕𝟔𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 )𝟐

≈ 𝟏. 𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝐐 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 −𝟒 𝒎𝟑⁄
𝒔𝒆𝒄.

QUESTION 5
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1) (C) Volumetric flow rate

2) (A) Venturi meter

3)

(A) Accelerates and the pressure increases

(B) Decelerates and the pressure decreases

(C) Decelerates and the pressure increases

QUESTION 6

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Device Requirement

A 6

B 1

C 7

D 5

E 4

F 3

G 2

H 8

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