Curfew Research Final

Augustinian Recollect Sisters
IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY ACADEMY

Minglanilla, Metro Cebu 6046
Tel. No. 272-88-62
THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF CURFEW TOWARDS TEENAGERS IN BARANGAY

POBLACION, CITY OF NAGA
Marie Generose C. Tabar

Maria Ginecel Resaba
Evangelyn Guibao
Lailyn Sabordo
Jessa Mae Macuel
Researchers
Ms. Johnelyn Valleser

Research Adviser
November 2018
Tel. No. 272-88-62
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our greatest gratitude goes to our Almighty God for giving us the knowledge to be
able to conduct this research study. For guiding us when we went home to our
respective home. Thank you Lord.
To Miss Valleser, thank you for understanding and willingly help us when we are
having a difficult time in making our research. For believing in us that we can do it
despite having a short time in making our research.
We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our fellow
researchers for being there and understands everyone’s side and for being united for
gathering our data. And for the people in City of Naga for answering our questions for
our data gathering.
We would like to express our gratitude towards our parents and members of our
family for their understanding and encouragement which helps us to complete our
research.
We would also like to extend my gratitude to “Guibao family” for their able
guidance and support in completing our research. We also thanked them for the food
and for letting us do our research in their home.
Our thanks and appreciation goes to the people who are directly and indirectly
helps us for the developing of our research.
Tel. No. 272-88-62
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction ……..………………………6
Statement of the Problem ……..………………………7
Research Question ……..………………………7
Significance of the Study …….……………………….8
Scope and Limitations …….………………………. 8
Definition of Terms ……..………………………9
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature ……..………………………10-12
Chapter 3
RESEARCH DESIGNS
AND METHODS ……..………………………13-14
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and
Interpretation of ……..………………………15-16
Discussion ……..……………………… 16
Chapter 5
Summary of Findings ……..………………………17

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Conclusions ……..………………………17
Recommendations ……..………………………17
References ……..………………………18
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ABSTRACT
This paper appraises the effectiveness of curfew ordinances by comparing
the arrest behavior of various age-groups within a city before and after curfew
enactment. Public opinion is fully behind the use of curfews, and the primary basis for
this support is the perception that curfews make streets safer. Juvenile crime and
victimization are most prone to remain unchanged after implementation of curfew laws.
The evidence suggests that curfews are effective at reducing both violent and property
crimes committed by juveniles below the legal curfew age. The purpose of this study is
to evaluate the curfew check program in City of Naga to determine whether the program
meets its stated goals of reducing victimization, as well as the mechanism by which this
is accomplished. The rationale behind the program is that the threat of formal controls
by way of home visits and authorization will evoke compliance with curfew and increase
the perception of certainty of punishment, and that juveniles who must remain at home
will have fewer opportunities for crime and victimization experiences. Perceptual
deterrence and lifestyle, and routine activity theories were used to test this rationale.
Tel. No. 272-88-62
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
According to FindLaw’s team of attorney writers and editors that
juvenile curfew laws are local ordinances that prohibit people of a certain age (usually
under 18) from being in public or in a business establishment during certain hours (such
as between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.). The legislative intent behind juvenile curfew laws
is usually social order goals such as prevention of crimes involving juveniles, protection
of minors from predators, and maintenance of the general peace.
Often, a city curfew law would remain on the books but would only be
enforced periodically, typically as a police response to an increased incidence of local
crime and violence. In other cities, curfew enforcement is ramped up during summer
months when students are out of school.
A city's curfew law can also include a provision giving local law
enforcement the ability to choose more lenient and socially constructive curfew
enforcement policies (compared to automatic citation or arrest of offending minors).
These alternatives might include issuing a warning, recommending a counselling
program, or simply taking the minor home.
This selective enforcement and discretion in dealing with violations
of juvenile curfew laws can help when addressing specific situations, but they have also
been the basis for challenging certain juvenile curfew laws in the court system.
Tel. No. 272-88-62
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to bring awareness about curfew particularly to the
teenagers now a day in different countryside of Cebu. Most teenagers in Naga City
nowadays, gives more attention to their physical appearance, drinking in public places,
gathering around in the corner of the street and commit violence in public places.
Reports of barangay officials and law enforcement agencies reveal that minor children
roaming around, loitering, and wandering in the evening are the frequent personalities
involve in various infractions of city ordinances and national laws.
RESEARCH QUESTION
This research may have influenced to the teenagers to the next generation
in the City of Naga about curfew and its policies. Specifically aims to answer the
questions:
1. What are the effects of curfew to the teenagers?
2. How juvenile curfew affects the behavior of teenagers in the City of Naga.
3. What is the perspectives of teenagers about the curfew?

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The paramount purpose of curfew for minors is to reduce the amount of juvenile
crime and to promote parental control over their teens. This study aims to bring
awareness towards teenagers as well as to the people living in City of Naga on the
impact of curfew to their daily lives. The teenagers in City of Naga would benefit to this
study for it is intended to them. Helps teenagers in City of Naga to be aware on what
would be the ordinances of curfew that they need to obey.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The study focuses on the positive effects of curfew towards teenagers. The
study would be executed through interview which would be conducted in Barangay Pob.
City of Naga randomly. The study would have a 20 participants, 10 males and 10
females that age 17 below.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
In order to better apprehend the research and avoid misconceptions, the
researchers defined the following as they are used in the context of this study:
Juvenile – This term refers to young people who committed crimes
Juvenile curfew – This term refers to are laws proscribing minors, generally within a
specified age range, from occupying public areas and streets during particular times.
Local ordinance – This term refers to a law or regulation that made by a city or town
government
Phenomenological research – This term refers to an approach to qualitative research
that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular group.
Paramount –This term refers to an important amount of juvenile crimes
Policy - This term refers to a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a

government, party, business, or individual.
covariate – characteristics of the participants in an experiment

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW RELATED STUDY AND LITERATURE
This chapter contains the related literature and study that supports the
researchers study. It shows different perceptions of people about the effectiveness of
curfew towards teenagers.
Levy (2014) used data on traffic fatalities for 47 states (1975–1984), and found
that the imposition of a curfew for 15–17-year-olds reduced single-vehicle fatality rates by
about 25% and multivehicle driver fatality rates by about 28%. However, as Levy did not
differentiate between those states with general juvenile curfew laws versus those that
only had specific driving curfews we cannot ascertain how much of the reduction in traffic
fatalities is due to the former set of laws rather than the latter. Other covariates included:
fatalities
Preusser et al. examined the effect of general juvenile curfew laws in 124
cities—47 that had curfews for youths aged 17 years and 77 that did not (1984–1990).
Using log-linear regression models estimated for two time periods (daytime, 6am to
8:59pm; night-time, 9pm to 5:59am), Preusser and colleagues concluded that juvenile
curfew ordinances were associated with 23% fewer night-time highway fatalities for 13–
17-year-olds. No covariates were included in the models.
In another study, Preusser et al. compared three cities with juvenile curfews
for youth aged 18 years (Detroit, MI; Cleveland, OH; and Columbus, OH) to one city
without a juvenile curfew (Cincinnati, OH). The states provided data on all participants
Tel. No. 272-88-62
involved in automobile crashes in Michigan and Ohio (1985–1987). Preusser and
colleagues calculated that youth in Columbus experienced significantly fewer motor
vehicle crash injuries than youth in Cincinnati during curfew hours (13–15-year-olds, 3.1%
vs 7.2%, 0.01; 16–17-year-olds, 7.0% vs. 14.1%, 0.01). Younger youth in Cleveland and
older youth in Detroit experienced significantly fewer motor vehicle crash injuries than
youth of the same ages in Cincinnati during curfew hours (13–15-year-olds, 9.0% vs
13.4%, 0.01; 16–17-year-olds, 17% vs 21.2%, 0.01). Using a dependent variable of the
natural log of the number of injured persons, Preusser et al. used a general linear model
to conclude that the “number of injured persons was 23% lower… for those ages and
those hours in those cities when the curfew was in effect.”) This corresponds to 93 fewer
highway injuries per year across the three cities. No covariates were examined.
Weiss and colleagues used data obtained from the New Orleans Health
Department (May/June 1993 and May/June 1994) and chi-square tests to conduct before
and after comparisons of the impact of the New Orleans juvenile curfew law on pediatric
out-of-hospital emergency medical system (EMS) responses. Although the total number
of transports did not significantly differ pre- and post-curfew, they did find a significant
decrease in pediatric overall and trauma transports (370 vs 406–447 and 189 vs 234–
250, respectively) post-curfew. No covariates were examined.
Shatz et al. evaluated a juvenile curfew law in Dade County, Florida using
juvenile trauma data from the state-approved trauma center in Dade County (1994–1997).
There were no differences in age or mechanisms of injury between curfew and non-
curfew juvenile trauma admissions, and the monthly admissions of total trauma cases
Tel. No. 272-88-62
were consistent over the 4 years studied. However, juvenile trauma cases during curfew
hours significantly decreased from 9.5 incidents per month during pre-curfew years to 7.0
incidents per month during post-curfew years. No covariates were examined.

Tel. No. 272-88-62
CHAPTER II
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS
This chapter deals with the research design, respondents of the study,
research environment, research instruments, data gathering procedure and statistical
treatment that were used in the study.
Research Methodology
This study trade, research design, compose of participants or respondents,
research Environment for the location, gathering data procedure and research instrument.
Research Design
The researchers conducted phenomenological research design which focuses to the
perspectives of the 18 years old below who experienced curfew to their local barangay,
Municipality or City. Phenomenological research design is a personal experienced about
something by a person either a female or male as long as they experienced curfew from
their local barangay. The study was conducted in City of Naga Cebu. The respondents
were composed of five females and 15 males who are qualified in experiencing curfew.
Tel. No. 272-88-62
Research Participant
The respondents of this study, are composed of 20 participants (10) females
(10) males. The researcher’s respondents are chosen randomly according to their age,
sex, where they lived and insights about curfew.
Name Age Sex
CHELLIE ALIGANGA 16 Female
JY SABALA 17 Female
MARY ROLLON 17 Female
VIA SUMAMPONG 17 Female
JULIE PANILAG 17 Female
KIM TARONA 17 Female
JAM CAÑALITA 17 Female
SARAH NAWISAGA 17 Female
LYNIVER PANONCE 17 Female
JENA MATCHETAR 16 Female
ZYRELL SUMALING 17 Male
JAMES ABALO SAMSON 17 Male
RYAN CABALLA 17 Male
JASON VERO 17 Male
CHANDELO VILLARMEA 17 Male

Tel. No. 272-88-62
LIMEUL LUARDO 17 Male
ARK ALIGANGA, 17 Male
JAYMARK ABABAN, 17 Male
MARLON ALFEREZ 16 Male
JESTONI CABELLON 17 Male
Figure 1. Tabulated Data of the Participants
Research Environment
The study was conducted at Poblacion of Naga which is located in the City of
Naga Cebu. Considered as one of the oldest settlements in the Province of Cebu, Naga
became a municipality on June 12, 1829 and has gone through a series of reclassification
simultaneous with its healthy economic development as it grows.
Figure 2. Locale of Barangay Poblacion, City of Naga

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Research Procedure
In order to gather data, the researchers went to Pob. of City of Naga to get the
data. The researchers started interviewing the respondents randomly according to their
age, sex, and where they lived. The respondents expected to answered the question
without lies. The month of July the researchers decide and chose the title according to
their wants. On that specific month, researchers also started to worked on the chapter 1
that contains the following: introduction or rationale, statement of the problem,
significance of the study, scope and limitations. And it was passed on the month of
September together with the tittle defense. The researchers working on chapter ll on the
month of October it is contain Related of Related Literature and studies. In order to
achieve it and done it quickly, after gathering data about RRL the researchers directly
proceed to chapter lll which is the research methodology together with the chapter lV and
V which is contain results and discussion and conclusion as well as recommendations.
That to be submitted on the month of November together with the oral defense.
Research Instrument
In order to gather the data, the instruments are being used is interview
questions that composed of two parts. First parts are about their personal information
second part is what their perception about curfew.

Tel. No. 272-88-62
In collecting and analyzing data content analysis method are applied. Content
analysis is a research tool used to determine the presence of certain words, themes, or
concepts within some given qualitative data (i.e. text). Using this content analysis, the
researchers can identify, weigh, and quantify the given and answered question by the
respondents. In determining the data content analysis method was use. It is a research
tool to determine the presence of words given by the respondents. Using this, the
researcher can quantify and analyze easily the certain words.

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CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Using the content analysis, this chapter presents results and discussion as well
as findings of the given answered by the respondents. It provides an overview of the
participant’s positive perceptions about curfew on how it affected on their daily life. Based
on the statements of the respondents below 18 years old;
PARTICIPANT 1
JAMES ABALO SAMSON
• “Kanang...makasamok…wala mi kasuway nga na dakpan pero nakasuway

mi nga gi gukod (laughing) makasamok gani..sa uban makatabang man..kung
unsay patakaran, bisag gusto paka mulaag kailangan musunod jud .”
PARTICIPANT 2 CHELLIE ALIGANGA, JY SABALA, MARY ROLLON, & VIA SUMAMPONG
• “Maayo sya na nato para sa kaligtasan (laughing)...for all the

teenagers kay mas malimitahan ilang laag like kanang dili sila musupak sa
ilang parents like limitations sa ilang mga laag..among reaction sa curfew
if ever mu lag mi kay mahadlok..dili sad magpalabi ug laag ug on time
muuli..ma disciplined sad mi sa curfew..maka help man sad sya para ma
lessen ang mga teenage pregnancy ma lessen sad ang mga crime nga na
involved sa mga minors.”
PARTICIPANT 3 JULIE PANILAG, ZYRELL SUMALING, KIM TARUNA, JAM CAÑALITA
• “Makatabang ang curfew (laughing)…para sa mga batan.on sige nag

suroy nya dili na managhid sa ilang mama ug papa nya dugay muuli maynang nay
curfew para bisag kanang para makahibaw ang ginikanan kung nadakpan ba ilang
anak ba ron (laughing) nadakpan sa curfew ana nya kailangan jud nay
curfew…makulbaan if ever maabtan ug curfew (laughing) managan (laughing)
maglumbaanay ug dagan nya (one of the group had an experience) naka
experience ko..niagi ang patrol pero nananghid ko nga mulaag ko nya mao to
dili nako magpa gabii kay kulbaan kog madakpan sa curfew.”
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PARTICIPANT 4 SARAH NAWISAGA, LYNIVER PANONCE, JENALY MATCHETAR
• “(Smile) para nako ang curfew kay nakatabang nako para ma

disiplina ko sa akong paglaag kay sukad nga naa nay curfew mahadlok nako
nga magdugay ug uli. Tungod sad sa curfew kay nalipay na akong parents nako
kay sayo nako matulog ug mouli. Nakatabang sad nako ang curfew kay atleast
malayo ko sa disgrasya or unsa panang possible nga bati nga mahitabo nako
kay ang curfew pwedeng makatabang sa mga parehas namo nga mga minor kay
kasagaran ma rape or nay mahitabo nga bati kay ang mga parehas namo nga
minor. Atleast ang curfew nakatabang nako ug sa uban aron malayo sa
disgrasya.”
RYAN CABALLA, JASON VERO, CHANDELO VILLARMEA, JESTONI

PARTICIPANT 5 CABELLEON
• "Maka tabang sya sa behavior namo as a teenager dire.a sa among

poblacion /ryan caballa/.....mas maka tabang sya sa paglikay sa mga
butang nga dili angay namo mainvolved/jason vero/..... ang curfew usa ka
rule sa barangay or city nga makatabang sa paglikay sa mga butang nga di
maau sa mga kabatan.onan sa karung panahona. Nya ang behavior namo ani is
makulbaan if ever nga maabtan mis oras kay mudagan pamig ahat para lang
maka uli ug ahat."/ryan caballa, jason vero, chandelo villarmea/
PARTICIPANT 6 LIMEUL LUARDO, MARK ALIGANGA, JAYMARK ABABAN, MARLON

ALFEREZ
• " Para namo makatabang sya sa mga disgrasya nag makapadaot sa

mga kabatan.onan..usa pa angay jud sya e implement para ma hapsay ug ma
lessen ang mga hitabu /limuel luardo/...para namo ang curfew sad kay usa
ka rules sa Naga para sikyuridad ang mga kabatan.onan /jaymark ababan/
nya para makahibaw sad mi sa limitation sa among oras/mark aliganga/ sa
paglaag ba ron/marlon alferez/..nya sa among behavior aware mi nga naay
curfew sa among lugar nga automatically mu puyo rajud mi sa amo para
iwas sa disgrasya ug uban pa."/limeul luardo, mark aliganga, jaymark
ababan, marlon alferez/
Tel. No. 272-88-62
DISCUSSION
Based on the respondents above it shows that most of the teenagers in Pob.
City of Naga Cebu are mentally aware about what curfew meant for them. According to
participant no. 2 curfew helps them to be responsible of their time limitations when it
comes to going out in a public place. Participant No.3 agreed that curfew must be
implemented not just in the city of Naga but also to other City of Municipality in every
countryside of Cebu. According to participant no. 6 curfew really helps them in avoiding
all circumstances may happen to them. Participant no. 4 curfew helps them in disciplining
their time limitation when they will hang out with her friends. Participants no.5 shown that
curfews help them in improving their behavioral aspects for instance, staying in the house
instead of going somewhere. Furthermore, it helps in decreasing crimes and teenage
pregnancy particularly to females. Over all, curfew affect their behavioral habits according
to them it will help in reducing serious crimes that teenagers may involve.
Based on the respondents, commonly most of the teenagers now a day strongly agree
about the ordinances which is the Curfew, because for them Curfew helped in promoting
peacefulness and safety towards their fellow teenagers.

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Interview questions
1. How old are you?
2. What is your insights about curfew?
3. Does curfew affect your behavior?
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Finally, through the interview in the City of Naga about the Positive Effects of
Curfew towards Teenagers. The researcher found out that curfew positively effective in
decreasing crimes such: drug addictions, sexual harassment or rape particularly to the
teenagers, assault, murder, bribery and other serious crimes. Furthermore, it also helps
to the teenagers to be responsible about their time management in going out with friends
particularly in the night.

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RECOMMENDATIONS
The researcher recommended this research to the future researcher who
would continue this study should conclude and determine who are the mostly arrested in
curfew, male or female. The researcher also recommended to the future researcher on
determining what age are mostly arrested during curfew and what are mostly their
reasons.
REFERENCES
https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-charges/juvenile-curfew-laws-the-basics.html
Preusser D, Zador P, Williams A. The effect of city curfew ordinances on teenage motor
vehicle fatalities. Accid Anal Prev. 1993;25(5):641–645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-
4575(93)90016-P. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]

Tel. No. 272-88-62
Preusser D, Williams AF, Lund AK, Zador PL. City curfew ordinances and teenage motor
vehicle injury. Accid Anal Prev. 1990;22(4):391–397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-
4575(90)90054-O. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
Weiss SJ, Couk J, Nobile M, Earnst AA, Johnson W. The effect of a curfew on pediatric
out-of-hospital EMS responses. Prehospital Emerg Care. 1998;2(3):184–
188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10903129808958869. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
Shatz DV, Zhang C, McGrath M. Effect of a curfew law on juvenile trauma. J
Trauma. 1999;47(6):1013–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199912000-00005.
[PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]

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CURRICULUM VITAE
EVANGELINE PAT S. GUIBAO

San Jose Panaghiusa II Tunghaan Minglanilla 6046, Cebu, Philippines
+639395672569
evangelineguibao18@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: April 20,2001 Age: 18
Place of Birth: Cebu City Sex: Female
Tel. No. 272-88-62
Citizenship: Filipino Height: 5’2

Civil Status: Single Weight: 49 kg.
Languages Spoken:
English
Filipino
Cebuano-Visayan
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Senior high school

Immaculate Heart of Mary Academy
Poblacion Ward IV, Minglanilla
2018-Present
Secondary
Junior high school
2013-2017
Primary
Elementary
2008-2012
MARIA GINECEL S. RESABA

Purok II Proper Cantao-an City of Naga 6046, Cebu, Philippines
+639753262168
mariaginecel@gmail.com
Tel. No. 272-88-62
Date of Birth: December 27, 2000 Age: 18

Languages Spoken:
English
Filipino
Cebuano-Visayan
Senior high school

2018-Present
Secondary
Cantao-an Elementary School
Cantao-an City Of Naga Cebu
2014-2018
Primary
Cantao-an Elementary School
Cantao-an City Of Naga Cebu
Elementary
2008-2014
AFFILIATIONS
Elementary
Most responsible award (grade 2-6)
Most cooperative (grade 2)
3rd honor (grade 3)
2nd honor (grade 4)
Campus Journalist grade (6)
Best in penmanship grade (3)
Festival queen (2013)
Tel. No. 272-88-62
Junior
Deployment award (grade 7)
7th honor
Exemplar in Honesty (grade 7)
Achiever (grade 8)
With honor (grade 9)
With honor (grade 10)
Festival queen (2018)
RSPC representative Naga City Editorial writing (2015)
MARIE GENEROSE C. TABAR

Blk 5 Lot 6 Minglanilla Homes, Tungkil, Lipata, Minglanilla 6334, Cebu, Philippines
+639270211343
tabarmg@gmail.com
Date of Birth: October 6, 2001 Age: 18
Languages Spoken:
English
Filipino
Cebuano-Visayan
Tel. No. 272-88-62
Senior High
June 2018- April 2020
Poblacion Ward IV Minglanilla 6046, Cebu Philippines
Secondary
Santo Nino Institute Inc.
June 2014-March 2018
Poblacion, Getafe, Bohol Philippines
Primary
Nasingin Elementary School
June 2008-March 2014
Nasingin, Getafe, Bohol Philippines
LAILYN SABORDO
Tulay minglanilla, cebu, Minglanilla 6046, Cebu, Philippines
+639270211343
lailynsabordo@gmail.com
Date of Birth: February 3, 2002 Age: 17

Civil Status: Single Weight: 47kg.
Languages Spoken:
English
Filipino
Cebuano-Visayan
Tel. No. 272-88-62
Senior High
Poblacion Ward IV Minglanilla 6046, Cebu Philippines
2018- 2020
Secondary
Tulay national high school
Tulay minglanilla, Cebu
2014-2018
Primary
Calajoan elementary school
Calajoan minglanilla, cebu
2008-2014
Tel. No. 272-88-62
JESSA MAE G. MACUEL

Lower Calajo –an Minglanilla 6046, cebu, Philippiness
6399429366440
Macueljessamay@gmail.com
Date of Birth: May 24, 2001 Age: 17

Languages Spoken:
English
Filipino
Cebuano-Visayan
Senior high school

2018- 2020
Secondary
Tulay National high school
Junior high school
2013-2014
Primary
Calajo-an Elementary school
Calajo-an minglanilla
Elementery
2008-2012

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Augustinian Recollect Sisters

IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY ACADEMY

THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF CURFEW TOWARDS TEENAGERS IN BARANGAY

Marie Generose C. Tabar

Ms. Johnelyn Valleser

Statement of the Problem ……..………………………7

Research Question ……..………………………7

Significance of the Study …….……………………….8

Scope and Limitations …….………………………. 8

Definition of Terms ……..………………………9

Review of Related Literature ……..………………………10-12

AND METHODS ……..………………………13-14

Presentation, Analysis and

Summary of Findings ……..………………………17

This paper appraises the effectiveness of curfew ordinances by comparing

According to FindLaw’s team of attorney writers and editors that

of minors from predators, and maintenance of the general peace.

enforced periodically, typically as a police response to an increased incidence of local

months when students are out of school.

enforcement policies (compared to automatic citation or arrest of offending minors).

These alternatives might include issuing a warning, recommending a counselling

program, or simply taking the minor home.

This selective enforcement and discretion in dealing with violations

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to bring awareness about curfew particularly to the

involve in various infractions of city ordinances and national laws.

1. What are the effects of curfew to the teenagers?

3. What is the perspectives of teenagers about the curfew?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

would be the ordinances of curfew that they need to obey.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

females that age 17 below.

In order to better apprehend the research and avoid misconceptions, the

Juvenile – This term refers to young people who committed crimes

Phenomenological research – This term refers to an approach to qualitative research

that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular group.

Paramount –This term refers to an important amount of juvenile crimes

Policy - This term refers to a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a

covariate – characteristics of the participants in an experiment

REVIEW RELATED STUDY AND LITERATURE

researchers study. It shows different perceptions of people about the effectiveness of

curfew towards teenagers.

17-year-olds. No covariates were included in the models.

involved in automobile crashes in Michigan and Ohio (1985–1987). Preusser and

colleagues calculated that youth in Columbus experienced significantly fewer motor

250, respectively) post-curfew. No covariates were examined.

incidents per month during post-curfew years. No covariates were examined.

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS

research environment, research instruments, data gathering procedure and statistical

treatment that were used in the study.

This study trade, research design, compose of participants or respondents,

The researchers conducted phenomenological research design which focuses to the

Municipality or City. Phenomenological research design is a personal experienced about

The respondents of this study, are composed of 20 participants (10) females

sex, where they lived and insights about curfew.

Name Age Sex

CHELLIE ALIGANGA 16 Female

MARY ROLLON 17 Female

VIA SUMAMPONG 17 Female

JULIE PANILAG 17 Female

KIM TARONA 17 Female

JAM CAÑALITA 17 Female

SARAH NAWISAGA 17 Female