Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2-7 Sustainable Tourism Development Retezat NP
2-7 Sustainable Tourism Development Retezat NP
2-7 Sustainable Tourism Development Retezat NP
Development Strategy
for
James MacGregor,
Sustainable Tourism Specialist, Romanian Agribusiness Development
Program – United State Agency for International Development
(RADP-USAID)
Andrei Blumer,
Project Coordinator, Association of Ecotourism of Romania - USAID,
and assisted by
Bogdan Florescu,
Green Cross Romania.
The report
was elaborated in collaboration with
the Retezat National Park Administration
under the supervision of
Zoran Acimov
Park Director.
2
Acknowledgements
The preparation of the present report was financed by the United State Agency
for International Development (USAID) - Romania Agribusiness Development
Project (RADP) and was executed in the frame of the Project “Ecotourism a tool
for nature conservation and tourism in Romania”, developed in partnership by the
Association of Ecotourism in Romania, USAID and Environment Partnership
Foundation.
The authors would like to express their thanks for the participation of Retezat
National Park staff during different phases of strategy preparation: Zoran Acimov
(Park Director), Alin “Zmeu” Ivasca (Ranger), Alin Alimpesc (Tourism and
Community Outreach Officer), Florin (Hombre) Halastauan (Ranger) and Grigore
Opritoiu (ex- Tourism and Community Outreach Officer).
Special thanks for his contribution to Ovidiu Bodean, Head of the Hunedoara
Mountain Rescue Team that become the President of the new born Retezat
Tourism Association.
The authors would also like to thank all those who participated during the
consultation and participation process of developing the present strategy.
3
Content
4
List of Figures
List of Tables
Table 1: Results of the SWOT analysis with stakeholders in the
Retezat Region .................................................................................... 32
Table 2: Estimate of increase rate of visor nights in the Retezat
Region ................................................................................................. 38
Table 3: Retezat Product/Market: Matching and Positioning .......... 53
Table 4: Positioning the image of the Retezat region...................... 56
Table 5: Activity implementation ....................................................... 87
5
Executive Summary
The Sustainable Tourism Development Strategy (STDS) for Retezat National
Park (RNP) and adjacent region has been prepared to assist RNP in its
application for entry into the PAN Park Network.
1. OVERVIEW
RNP and the surrounding region, including the gateway community of Hateg,
could potentially become a premier tourism destination in Romania. The national
park, with its pristine wilderness, spectacular alpine and sub-alpine landscapes,
and rich variety of fauna and flora (including over 1/3 rd of all the flora in
Romania), offers an exceptional resource mix that can contribute to the
successful long-term tourism development of this area.
It is also critical that the destination be positioned as one that reflects the highest
sustainable tourism principles and practices, both within and beyond the park
boundaries.
The STDS offers a blueprint for developing this sustainable tourism industry.
Tourism trends in Romania and Western Europe suggest that the demand for the
type of wilderness experiences and outdoor activities offered in RNP, along with
the rich cultural heritage of the surrounding region, could double tourist arrivals
within the next five years. However, increasing visitation will require a robust
development plan and a targeted marketing campaign to attract those segments
of the tourist market that can build a sustainable industry over the next decade.
The most promising market segments for RNP and the surrounding region
include ecotourists, geotourists, adventure travellers, cultural heritage tourists, as
well as scientific and educational travellers. Romanian families and study groups
also hold high potential and should be among the targeted segments.
6
In order to achieve its development goals, the region must position itself as a
destination that can satisfy the specific interests and desires of these market
segments. Thus, the Retezat region will be marketed as a unique wilderness
area with a backdrop of authentic villages and ancient heritage sites, offering
opportunities for learning and discovery, inspiration, relaxation, exercise,
solitude, excitement and challenge.
3. DEVELOPMENT ZONES
For the purpose of identifying the type and scale of development necessary to
accommodate the targeted market segments, the Retezat region has been
divided into four activity development zones: Zone I includes the Hateg area,
north of RNP, as well as the southern part of the park, where the RNP Visitor
Centre is located; Zone II is structured around the main hiking trails in the centre
of RNP; Zone III includes RNP‟s remote Godeanu and Retezatul Mic Mountain
area; and Zone IV is comprised of the mountain resort area at Rausor. Each of
these Zones reflects a different resource mix, market interest and carrying
capacity, allowing for different visitor volumes and types of activities.
In order to encourage visitors to stay in the region longer, and thereby to create
new jobs and stimulate the growth of tourism-related business in the area, a
number of new facilities and activities must be developed in Zone I.
The community of Hateg will serve as the principle Staging Area or Gateway to
the services and activities of the entire Retezat region. A key element in the
development strategy for Zone I is the establishment of a Tourist Information
Centre (TIC) in Hateg that will distribute information to arriving visitors on the
various activity areas and attractions within the region, including Retezat
National Park; on accommodations and restaurant facilities in the area; and on
local tour operators, packages and itineraries. The Hateg TIC will be the center
of an integrated regional tourism information network that includes satellite
tourist information kiosks in additional communities of Zone I, coordinated print
materials, and an independent regional website and database.
7
The type of tourism for which this Zone will be developed requires more
opportunities for outdoor recreation (e.g. a multi-use trail system in the Hateg
area), and better opportunities for nature and cultural education (e.g. a
completed and fully equipped RNP Visitor Centre, nature interpretation trails in
the park, and cultural heritage tours throughout the surrounding region).
Also part of the development plan for Zone I are workshops on environmentally
sustainable hotel and restaurant management, and on “green” guesthouse
operations and marketing.
This sensitive RNP area will be kept as natural as possible given its high
wilderness value, and will thus require the least development of all of the Zones.
What will be necessary is construction and upgrade of mountain shelters for use
by the mountain rescue service, and by hikers under bad weather conditions.
The development plan for Zone IV involves the creation of an integrated year-
round mountain tourism destination aimed at increasing visitor volume and
occupancy rates. This will entail the construction of summer-based facilities, such
as a trail network and campground. Also planned for this area is the
8
establishment of a major national/international interpretive and educational
facility which will focus on the ecology and resources of the Carpathian
Mountains, as well as the further development of RNP‟s existing nature trail from
Rausor.
Given the high volume of visitors this area is expected to receive, special
emphasis must be placed on identifying and implementing necessary resource
protection measures in developing Zone IV.
RNP must also develop additional park trails. These trails should form a
comprehensive network which takes different uses (such as hiking, mountain
biking and wildlife viewing) into consideration, and which is cognizant of the
ecologically-sensitive areas of the park.
9
change. Regular reviews of the implementation strategy will be an essential tool
for determining which activities are having impacts and which are not.
The STDS sets out a tentative implementation timeframe and benchmarks which
should form the basis for monitoring progress. The timeframe was set with
several critical factors in mind, including the park administration‟s immediate
need to respond to PAN Park Network requirements; the importance of
increasing park visitation rates; and the need to establish and implement
environmental protection and restoration measures before further degradation of
the natural and cultural resource base occurs.
6. CONCLUSION
This report represents the culmination of a consultation and facilitation process
that succeeded in bringing to light the visions and desires of various stakeholders
with respect to the sustainable development of the Retezat region. The STDS
combines these diverse views into a unified and comprehensive implementation
strategy, which will require continued communication and cooperation among the
stakeholders. With a firm commitment to this ongoing process, the stakeholders
can look forward to a not-too-distant future in which Retezat National Park and
the surrounding region is known nationally and internationally as a premier tourist
destination.
10
1. Introduction
1.1 Retezat Region and the International Travel Industry
Retezat National Park is the first national park created in Romania and one of the
oldest in Eastern Europe. It was established in 1935 and was eventually
proposed as Biosphere Reserve (RNP-BR) because of its unique biodiversity
and national significance to the Romanian people. However, the first park
administration was not set up until 1999. The new management structure was
supported within the framework of the Biodiversity Conservation Project. The
National Park is now recognized as a UNESCO site.
The Retezat Mountains offer one of the most spectacular landscapes in Romania
and hold enormous potential for the development of both national and
international tourism. The park is surrounded by adequate infrastructure which
provides access to the perimeter of the protected area, as well as relatively easy
access to the centre of the park itself. Furthermore, there are several tourism
suppliers who have recently recognised the importance of the National Park as
an attraction that can provide a focus to their business activities. For the most
part, these operations offer lodging and limited guide services into the park. But
they can also be a strong voice for park development and environmental
protection. To solidify their interest in the appropriate development of park
resources, several have joined the PAN Park Group, thus assuring that the park
will play an important role as an economic catalyst for the region.
This would appear to allow for substantial growth on the part of the park and the
region over the 5-year duration of this strategy (2007 to 2011). There are
currently only 10,000 visitors entering the park each year. Because half of these
visitors are day users only, the park could reasonably absorb as many as 2 to 3
times the current number of visitors without any loss to its biodiversity integrity.
Although the park has relatively little impact on the regional economy at this time,
a substantial increase in visitor volume would start to position it as an important
source of jobs and salaries.
11
With the implementation of the STDS, Retezat National Park will become an
active player in the world‟s largest industry: tourism. Recent estimates by the
World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC) suggest that the sector generated
approximately $US6 trillion in economic activity in 2005. In the same year, 808
million individuals travelled to another country, two-thirds of them for vacation or
leisure. That number is expected to surpass one billion by 2010. Furthermore,
the WTTC estimates that Romania will be the third fastest growing tourism
destination in the world over the next decade.
12
The fact that more travel-related companies are becoming a force in sustainable
development is also good news. Environmentally responsible tourism-related
enterprises increasingly recognize that they can have an enormous impact not
only on the natural environment, but also on the social and economic
development of communities. They can also play a proactive role the
preservation of traditional cultures. Many tourism businesses want to be good
corporate citizens, and countless hotels and resorts, large and small, have
instituted energy/water-saving and pollutant-diminishing practices, thus providing
leadership in their communities. At the same time that these companies are
helping to maintain the quality of emerging destinations for future customers,
they are also enhancing brand loyalty and their public image.
Travellers to the Retezat region can therefore become agents for positive change
by improving the regional economy (including Hunedoara County), as well as by
ensuring the long-term status of RNP as a protected wilderness for future
generations of Romanians and international travellers.
This is good news for Romania, as Eastern European countries are increasingly
viewed as favoured destinations because of their natural and cultural resources
and attractive price structure.
A remarkable eight million people are directly employed in the EU tourism sector,
and tourism also has an important indirect effect on employment in related
13
services. Some sources estimate that tourism-related jobs will increase by more
than 2.5 million over the next ten years. Tourism thus represents a major
opportunity for job creation in coming years - in particularly in Romania. Job
growth is not the only beneficial impact of tourism. Travel and leisure activities
are also social factors, since tourism is no longer an activity for the privileged
few, but rather a widespread experience for the great majority of EU citizens.
The role of RNP in Romania and within European Union should not be
underestimated. The European Tourism Commission recently presented its ideas
on how best to exploit the European tourism sector's competitive potential. It
identified the need to enhance consistent co-operation on tourism policies among
all stakeholders involved in tourism, including the European Commission,
Member States, regional and local authorities, industry, associations, and tourist
destinations such as Retezat. Specifically, the Commission aims to improve
tourism's competitiveness and sustainability. Commission members have
stressed tourism's contribution to sustainable development with a special focus
on environmental and cultural resources and the application of the Agenda 21
guidelines.
Five key competitive issues have been identified, and they provide a focus for the
implementation of the STDS. They included:
a) Information exchange,
b) Training,
c) Quality Products and Services,
d) Sustainable development and
e) New technologies.
Initiatives such as the PAN Park Network support EU tourism interests. With the
Commission‟s support for a quality tourism delivery system, highly trained staff,
and a commitment to operate in accordance with sustainable tourism principles,
there is an excellent opportunity to establish Retezat as a model for Romania‟s
contribution to EU tourism development.
1
http://www.panparks.com/panintro.htm
14
contribute to the protection of the area. It consolidates and integrates some of
Europe‟s most valuable national parks and protected areas into a coordinated
network of well-managed, internationally-recognized protected areas. The PAN
Parks have identified sustainable tourism as a vehicle to stimulate the local
economy. Parks serve as an attraction, or hook, to bring visitors to the region and
consequently stimulate the local economy through the direct and indirect
purchases. PAN Parks also offer unique, high quality nature-based experiences
for tourists.2
2
WWF, PAN Parks – The Vision. WWF Zeist, The Netherlands, 2000
3
WWF, PAN Parks – A synergy between Nature Conservation and Tourism in Europe’s Protected Areas.
WWF fact sheet. WWF, December 1999
4
The Encyclopedia of Hospitality and Tourism, “Sustainable Tourism Principles,” James Mac Gregor; Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993.
15
2. Maintain and enhance the stock of biological wealth within National Park and
surrounding area.
7. Promote those values and ethics that contribute to sustainable tourism in the
park and surrounding territory, Romania and Europe.
16
1.5 The Importance of Sustainable Tourism in the Retezat
Region
Sustainable tourism can make a substantial contribution to the development of
the Retezat region. In order to achieve its full potential it must:
To achieve sustainable tourism for Retezat, the PAN Park Group and Park
Administration must embark on a continuous process that will require on-going
monitoring of visitor impacts and introducing the necessary preventive and/or
corrective measures whenever necessary.
Sustainable tourism should also maintain a high level of tourist satisfaction and
ensure a meaningful park experience for the tourists. It should raise their
awareness about sustainability issues at the park and regional level and promote
sustainable tourism practices to visitors and tourism suppliers.
17
resources. Therefore, they seek out businesses that emphasize local
character in terms of architecture, cuisine, heritage, aesthetics, and
ecology. Tourism revenues in turn raise local perceived value of those
assets.
18
AER implemented the Ecotourism Certification System in 2006. This System was
developed based on the best international available practices, such as: Nature
and Ecotourism Accreditation Program (Australian Ecotourism Association) and
Nature’s Best (Swedish Ecotourism Association). The model adopted have been
tuned according to the Romanian context through extensive consultation with the
private sector (e.g. tour-operators, guesthouse), nature conservation organisation
(e.g. World Wide Fund for Nature - WWF), National Park Service or individual
Parks, National Tourism Authority, Environment Ministry. The staff of the Retezat
National park was directly involved from the initial phase of the process.
National Tourism Authority showed interest in the ecotourism field and has
started the process of developing an Ecotourism National Strategy. There is a
special interest at the National Tourism Authority for promoting ecotourism
activities.
19
2. Methodology
The process of developing the current sustainable tourism strategy includes two
main phases:
Retezat National Park and the surrounding area was included in AER‟s priority
list for direct interventions in 2006. Pursuant to this listing, an extensive effort has
been undertaken to assist RNP in elaborating the Sustainable Tourism
Development Strategy. AER, in partnership with USAID, has led this effort, and
has already put some of the identified activities into practice (e.g. organising a
familiarisation trip in Retezat region for journalists and tour operators from United
Kingdom).
20
April – June 2006, development of the Sustainable Tourism Development
Strategy draft by USAID-AER;
August 23, 2006, workshop with local stakeholders facilitated by USAID-
AER and the park administration;
Aug – Oct 2006, development of the Retezat Tourism Association;
Sept 2006, meeting of local stakeholders, facilitated by GCR and the park
administration;
October 16, 2006, meeting of local stakeholders for final approval of the
zoning, action plans and local PAN Park certification system;
October 16-31, 2006, elaboration of the final version of the strategy.
Specific meetings were held with park representatives and local stakeholders to
define the PAN Park region and the internal zoning. The following criteria were
considered to identify the PAN Park region:
Manageability of the destination and the local standards,
Readiness of stakeholders to cooperate in the framework of the PAN Park
initiative,
Sufficient capacity for directing future tourism pressures to the area
outside Retezat National Park,
Benefits of sustainable tourism for the surrounding communities and the
county,
Possibility of establishing and maintaining “Retezat” as a recognisable
brand.
The internal zoning was defined according to the different types of experience
opportunities specific to the region. The zones were initially defined during
interactive workshops with park staff, and were further developed and agreed
upon during a meeting with local stakeholders in Sept 2006.
21
3. Resources of Retezat National Park and Adjacent
Area
There has been extensive documentation of RNP resources, and to a lesser
degree, those of the surrounding region. In reviewing these resources, this
document will borrow directly from the Retezat National Park Management
Plan prepared by the Park administration. A complete description of the natural
resource base is found in APPENDIX 2. The following presentation identifies
those assets that are of significant value to the proposed sustainable tourism
development strategy. It is important to note that a central management
responsibility of RNP is to protect and conserve biogeographically representative
samples at the national level, including natural elements with high value from the
geography, flora, fauna, hydrology, geology, palaeontology, and speleological
points of view.
Retezat National Park holds substantial interest for those interested in geology.
The Park is largely composed of the Retezat- Godeanu mountain ranges, two
large eruptive blocks that stretch out in the direction of the Lapusnicul Mare and
Barbat Rivers. The Retezat Mountains are made up of a combination of
Magamatic rock in the centre of RNP, and limestone rock in the south southwest.
3.1.2 Geomorphology
3.1.3 Hydrology
The major watercourse is Lapusnicul Mare. Waterfalls can be found on all the
brooks within the Park.
The relic natural lakes play an important role in the hydrologic network of the
Park. Approximately 38% of the Romanian glacial lakes are situated within the
Retezat National Park. Bucura is the largest glacial lake and Zanoaga is the
deepest in Romania. A total of 58 permanent glacial lakes exist in the Retezat
22
Mountains, located between 1700 and 2300 m. They represent a major
attraction for both tourists and scientists.
Swamps frequently appear in the Park adjacent to springs and alpine brooks, or
as the result of the partial clogging of some glacial lakes .
3.1.4 Climate
Retezat National Park has a complex mountain climate, and its numerous
climatic conditions are determined in large part by altitude.
January is the coldest month (with temperatures between -11 and -50 C), July is
the warmest (between +16 0C and +60C) below the altitude of 1800 m and
August at higher altitudes. The coldest temperatures can be measured on the
Peleaga , Păapuşa , Retezat, Bucura peaks.
Retezat is well known nationally for its floral diversity, offering 1190 of the 3450
superior plant species known in Romania, including numerous rare species. In
fact, Retezat was declared a national park in part because more than 1/3 rd of the
flora in Romania can be found within its borders.
The alpine pastures are of a special importance because most alpine flora
species are found here, including Gentiana, Potentilla, Pulsatilla, edelweiss
(Leontopodium alpinum) and others.
The area between the cliffs and the alpine pastures is another area of special
interest, where the rose bay, Rhododendron kotschii, and dwarf pine, Pinus
mugo, can be found. The dwarf pine is a protected species in Romania and is
spread across the steep slopes of Retezat. The European pine (Pinus cembra), a
rare species, appears in larger and more compact groups than in other massifs.
a) Habitats
The alpine and sub-alpine pastures, rocky regions, dwarf pine areas, alder tree
areas, mountain leafy forests, boreal coniferous forests, aquatic habitats and
river valley bushes represent the most important habitats for conservation and
visitor experiences in RNP.
23
Forests cover around 49% of the area. The dominant species are beech, Fagus
sylvatica, spruce fir, Picea abies, dwarf pine, Pinus mugo, European pine, Pinus
cembra, fir, Abies alba, sycamore maple, Acer pseudoplatanus, birch, Betula
pendula, alder, Alnus viridis, elm, Ulmus glabra and rowan tree, Sorbus
aucuparia.
b) Fauna
Due to its exceptionally diverse habitats, Retezat National Park contains a
particularly rich fauna, in both number of species and populations. All classes of
vertebrates living in Romania are represented in the Park.
o Bird species
There are185 species, an exceptionally large number for a mountain area. This
represents half of all species found in Romania and 122 of them nest in RNP and
nearby areas.
Rare species like the mountain eagle, Aquila chrysaetos, the small eagle, Aquila
pomarina, the serpent eagle, Circaetus gallicus, the migratory falcon, Falco
peregrinus, the mountain cock, Tetrao urogallus, the black stork, Ciconia nigra
and others, can be found.
o Mammals
55 species of mammals, representing 23% of European terrestrial mammals,
have been recorded in Retezat National Park.
RNP is a refuge for the major European large carnivores including: wolf, Canis
lupus, bear, Ursus arctos and lynx, Lynx lynx. Large herbivores such as chamois,
Rupicapra rupicapra, deer, Cervus elaphus and the roedeer, Capreolus
capreolus are also found. There are also smaller carnivores, such as wildcat
Felis silvestris and mustelines.
24
The carstic complexul Ponorici-Cioclovina, mixed-type reserve, in the
village of Cioclovina, commune Boşorod,
The Tecuri cave, a speological reserve, located in the Valea Pietrosului,
village of Pietros, commune of Baru Mare,
The Zeicului cave, speological reserve on the Valea Scorotei in the
limestone section of Retezat, on the territory of commune Câmpu lui
Neag,
The Coral cave, a speological reserve on the West Jiu, commune Câmpu
lui Neag,
Evidence of Stone Age human populations has been found in the Cioclovina and
Ohaba Ponor caves. Traces of the Iron Age were discovered at Subcetate and
Unirea.
In the area surrounding RNP there is a great variety of historical and cultural
sites. For the most part, they have not been developed as tourist attractions.
Included among these many sites are the following:
Ruins from the Roman castle Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, former capital
of Roman Dacia, and a museum exhibiting relics from that era;
The Church of Densuş, a 10th century symbol of early Christianity and
one of the oldest Orthodox churches in the world. Services are still held in
25
this impressive structure, which was built on the ruins of a Roman temple
dating back to the 1st century AD;
The Church of Peşteana, a 13th century building, dedicated to Saint
Prophet Elijah;
The Church of Râu de Mori, whose dedication day is “The Sunday of all
Saints”, dating back to the 10th century;
Cândea Manor in Râu de Mori, a 15th century historical monument;
unfortunately in an advanced state of degradation at present;
The mediaeval fortress and the Abbey of Colţ, Suseni – Râu de Mori;
which also belonged to the Cândea family in the 18th century;
The 13th century Church of Ostrov, in the Râului Mare glade;
Prislop Monastery, built by monk Nicodim in 1400, with the help of Mircea
the Old. Lady Zamfira, daughter of Voivode Moise, was buried here in
1580;
Sântămărie Orlea Castle, dating back to the13th century, and now
restored as a hotel;
The Church of Sântămărie Orlea, built in the 13th century;
The Church of Sânpetru, a late 13th century building;
The Church of the Serfs of Sălaş;
The Prince Fort Yard of Sălaş, dating back to the 14th century;
The mediaeval fortress of Mălăieşti, also from the 14th century;
The Church of Nucşoara; and
The Mediaeval Church of Sf. Nicolae from Râu Bărbat, first documented
in 1411.
These and other historic assets, as well as the natural resources located in and
around the park itself, represent an abundance of attractions for visitors to the
RNP region.
While the active population in the area adjacent to Retezat National Park is
roughly that of the national average (45 %), the working population is around
18%, considerably lower than the national average of 37%. In Romania as a
whole, about 50% of workers are women, but in the Retezat area they only
constitute 37% of the workforce.
Retezat forests are considered a poor direct source of economic benefit. Many
feel that the forest has no economic significance to their community, and that
benefits to individuals will only be available after restitution is completed.
26
Secondary economic benefits are derived from grazing and collection of firewood
in the forests, activities which engage more than 40% of the population.
Somewhat lower percentages of the population engage in the following gathering
activities in the forest: gathering fodder (35%), plants (19%), fruits (20%),
mushrooms (12%). But as important as these traditional activities continue to be
to local residents, they cannot sustain the economy of the Retezat area.
According to the survey, the most important reasons for dissatisfaction among
local residents are:
a. Lack of available financial resources.
b. Lack of employment opportunities
c. Difficulties in starting a private business in the area.
e. Lack of assistance and initiative from the town halls of the area.
27
Mountain cabins and shelters:
These cabins are either in the park or very close to the park boundary and
constitute a special category of accommodation. They include Pietrele cabin with
80 beds, and the Rotunda with 20 beds.
In the upper mountain area there are four mountain shelters designated as
emergency accommodations: Genţiana, Condor, Poiana Pelegii and Buta.
Campsites:
Campgrounds are important sources of accommodation in the region. They exist
both within and outside the park borders (See the Map), but are currently
substandard and below international visitor expectations. They also present
environmental problems.
Figure 2: Map of the allowed camping site within the National Park borders
(Source: Retezat National Park Administration)
28
3.3.2 Tourism Services
Transportation
Transportation to the area
The nearest airports are in Timisoara and Sibiu, both of which are two to three
hours away by car, There are, however, regular fast train and mini bus services
to the south entrance of the park from Petroşani or Uricani. There are no regular
transportation services to the north park entrances.
Currently, rail transport is the most popular mode of transportation to the park
area. Park visitors use the Simeria–Petroşani railway, arriving at the Subcetate
rail station (fast and slow trains) or Ohaba de sub Piatră (slow trains).
Vehicle traffic is increasingly popular and there is an increasing need for parking.
Medical services
Hospital bed capacity is 12 beds per 1000 inhabitants, which is higher than the
national average. Emergency access to medical care is comparable to the
figures at the national level (around 30 minutes).
There are both private and Salvamont mountain guides available to assist
organised groups.
29
Marketing and Promotion Services
There are several organizations that contribute directly or indirectly to generating
interest in the area. Each group promotes independently and there is no
coordination between the various marketing efforts.
Some of the more significant promotion sources (and the promotional methods
they use) include:
Rural tourism associations and individual pension owners (web sites and
brochures)
Local eco tourism organizations
The National Tourism Authority (directories, web site, FAM trips, trade
shows, etc.)
Local communities and authorities (pamphlets and brochures)
Local and international tour operators (tour package brochures and web
sites)
Hunedoara County Council (brochures)
Local forest districts (Retezat, Pui and Lupeni)
Retezat National Park Administration (web site, brochures)
Other professional associations, such as the Salvamont Teams
Local private entrepreneurs (brochures)
A review of this list indicates that most promotion currently takes the form of the
traditional brochure and flyer. While there are a number of web sites that mention
RNP, none of them use electronic marketing techniques to promote and “sell” the
RNP area as a tourist destination.
There is little or no participation at international trade shows, and very few FAM
or media tours visit the region.
30
4. SWOT Analysis
As part of the evaluation of the current situation, a SWOT analysis was
performed during a workshop (April 2006) with regional stakeholders. By the
end of the session, a series of clusters were identified and ranked in terms of
perceived importance for the stakeholders. The attendance to the workshop
was formed by local tourism operators (e.g. guesthouse owners, guides),
representatives of the public sector (e.g. local municipality, County Council,
Environment Protection Agency) and the Park administration. The results are
presented below, in the following table.
31
Opportunities
Retezat NP certified as a PAN Park member 1
Possibility to create a diversity of tourism products 1
Increased demand for ECO destinations – international market 1
Increased income of potential Romanian tourists 2
Low starting investment 2
Potential for bio products 2
Support from park administration 2
Became an EU member 2
Alternative energy resources 3
Threats
Mass tourism programs – SUPER SCHI in Carpathians 1
Illegal use of natural resources – timber, hunting, fishing, 1
grazing
Lack of enforcement of land use plans / inexistence of land use 1
plans
Bad waste and used water management 1
Lack of funds for park administration 1
Collecting water streams for electricity / working sites 1
Increased mass tourism – uncontrolled 2
Low presence of Romania on tourism market 2
Weak planning on national level for sustainable tourism 2
Land restitution 3
Table 1: Results of the SWOT analysis with stakeholders in the Retezat Region
(April 2006);
Ranking: 1 - most important, 2 – very important, 3 – important.
The analysis of the current state brings a realistic view upon the low quality of
infrastructure and services for tourists, as well as a lack of a structure in the
area able to coordinate tourism development.
The identified threats point out very clearly that the regional stakeholders
have a good understanding of the major problems that put pressure on the
area, such as: mass tourism under the Super Ski Program or lack of
enforcement of land use planning, bad waste management. The lack of funds
for Park administration was also specifically emphasized as a major threat for
the region.
32
The outcome of the SWOT analysis formed the basis of this document, being
used for shaping the first set of activities, which was further developed
throughout the following meetings and refined by the authors of this report.
33
5. Market Analysis and Branding
5.1 Visitor Survey
Information about tourist activities in the Retezat National Park region has been
monitored through a series of tourism surveys. The first survey implemented by
the Retezat National Park Administration took place between June and
September, 2000, at main entrances to RNP.
In summer 2000, Retezat had more than 8,000 visitors. More recent surveys
indicate that tourism may since have increased by as much as 30%, and that the
park now receives approximately 10,000 summer visitors. It is estimated that
50% of these visitors spend an average of 4 nights in the park, resulting in
20,000 visitor nights. If the remaining 5000 visitors, who currently constitute day
users only, can be kept in the region for 2.5 nights, an additional 12,500 visitor
nights could be realized, for a total of 32,500 visitor nights per summer.
The questionnaire revealed that the motivations for visiting the area are, in order
of importance:
[1] Hiking
[2] Nature
[3] Climbing
[4] Picnicking
The most frequently noted motivations are thus closely related to the uniqueness
of Retezat National Park. The survey suggests that hiking and climbing in
particular, and nature activities in general, could contribute to extended stays in
the RNP area.. These additional visitor nights, if properly managed, could have a
substantial economic impact on the park and region.
34
Visitor age
Age distribution is presented in the above graph. Of interest is the fact that 3 out
of 4 (74%) Retezat visitors are young people between the ages of 18 and 35, and
less than 17% are over 35. Clearly, the Park is not attracting the more financially-
secure over-35 year old segment of the population, which would have a
substantially greater impact on the local economy.
35
Accommodation
More than 50% of Retezat visitors are not using any commercial accommodation,
but instead are using their own tents. Subsequently, there is currently a very low
economic impact on the accommodation sector.
Visitor Entrance
36
The most used park entrance was Cârnic, through which 70 % of visitors enter
RNP. This is an acceptable situation because it is the most accessible entrance
and because it allows easy access to a trailhead offering the opportunity for a
number of multi-day hikes. Less than 2% of RNP visitors enter at Rotunda, thus
providing the opportunity to consider this entrance, in the middle of the park, a
gateway to high-quality wilderness experience.
Source of Visitors
The survey revealed a relatively high number of foreign visitors to the park (20 %
in year 2000), with most from Hungary and Czech Republic. However,
observation suggests that foreign tourist are using relatively few local services,
and are instead are bringing their own provisions and guides.
Given Retezat‟s unique resources and the recent interest of Western European
tour operators in Romania as a travel destination, the percentage of foreign
visitors to the park could well increase. These visitors should be encouraged
because they tend to stay longer in the park and the region. They should also be
persuaded to purchase and use local goods and services.
Conclusion
There are several important conclusions to be drawn from this survey:
1. Hiking and nature observation and appreciation within the unique
wilderness environment of Retezat are the main attractions that motivate
tourists to spend time within the area of RNP.
2. There is a lack of visitors in the wealthier, more educated 45 to 65 year old
segment of the population
3. There is a lack of support for local accommodation because more than
half of the visitors use their own tents
4. The Western European market has not been developed and consequently
represents little impact in the region.
Ideally, annual surveys must continue to monitor visitor volumes and profiles in
order to continually build on the recommendations of this strategy.
37
The park had 20,000 visitor nights in 2006 and an additional 12,500 visitor
nights were spent adjacent to the park
Improvement of park and area facilities will continue to attract more
visitors
Inclusion in the PAN Park Network will result in substantial international
awareness after 2008
The creation of the PAN Park Group, working with the park administration,
will provide a new vehicle for increased marketing and exposure of the
region, especially in the domestic market,
Increased interest by both receptive domestic tour operators (e.g. in
nearby Sibiu and Timisoara) and foreign tour wholesalers will bring more
extended stay packages.
It is conservatively projected that tourism will double in RNP and the adjacent
region within the next 5 years.
The final projected level of visitor volume could be higher by 2010 if the following
goals could be realized:
A substantial increase in visitors referred by foreign operators attracted to
the wilderness character of the park.
Increased marketing through the PAN Park network with FAM tours, and
participation in travel shows
Increased Romanian interest in visiting wilderness areas
Improved accommodation and other services within RNP
38
Similar trends can be found in the demand for the national park experience in
Europe. Interest in parks and protected areas can be expected to grow as a
function of dramatic changes that are shaping the way Europeans and North
Americans live and travel. An aging population, changing values and lifestyles,
increased education, and technology all combine to position parks and their
surrounding areas as increasingly desirable destinations.
Parks and local tourism officials must always be assessing these changes and
trends in order to meet the demands of the marketplace (the park visitors) while
still maintaining those values that make the parks important regional and national
tourist attractions.
These trends are a compilation of many research papers from North America and
Europe and were initially presented to the Association of Ecotourism in Romania.
They were offered as part of the National Ecotourism Marketing Workshop in
Zarnesti (December 2005) within the USAID-Romania Agribusiness
Development Project.
The challenge for the Retezat regional tourism sector will be to offer:
More comfortable, safe and highly personal service.
Educational tour products (medicinal plants, bird watching, nature
photography, etc.).
Short, high quality excursions, frequently in the spring and fall.
39
The challenge for the Retezat regional tourism sector will be to offer:
High quality, specialty products to be positioned as a competitive
destination.
Authentic tourism experiences related to the presentation of rural culture,
heritage restoration, wilderness values, etc.
Packages that recognize the increasing preference for mobility, which will
further stimulate rentals of vehicles and the fly-drive market out of Sibiu
and Timisoara.
A full, varied, totally balanced mix of tourist activities and services, which
will require will require the local association to provide better destination
management.
The implications for the Retezat regional tourism sector include the following:
Increasing demand for a wide variety of special interest products that
emphasize learning, self-awareness and self-discovery.
The need to include tour components relating to the arts, culture (rural,
Romanian) and history (monasteries, churches in package tours, and self-
directed itineraries).
The need for better and more creative, educational and entertaining
communication of information.
The implications for the Retezat regional tourism sector include the following:
An expectation by tourists of high water quality (in lakes and rivers,
guesthouses and restaurants).
An expectation by tourists of a “clean” and “fresh” destination..
Increased costs associated with guaranteeing safety and security..
An expectation by tourists to see visible proof of safety and protection
(e.g. environmental policies, certification and operator codes of conduct).
40
reservoir (negative).
The implications for the Retezat regional tourism sector include the following:
Destinations that are perceived as less healthy (in terms of pollution,
environmental degradation, etc.) will tend to be overlooked and rejected.
Active vacations will continue to increase in popularity, as well as the
demand for facilities that make these types of vacations accessible (e.g.
well marked interpretive trails, comfortable but remote accommodation).
The demand for “wellness and fitness” products will increase, including
hiking, biking, canoeing and cross-country skiing.
The implications for the Retezat regional tourism sector include the following:
An increasing need to supply additional low-cost but high value products.
An ncreasing need to offer relaxation.
A shortening of the longer main holiday in favor of more short ones.
The implications for the Retezat regional tourism sector include the following:
Demand for guesthouse/pensions and other forms of rural accommodation
will increase if tied to interesting day trips and quality standards.
Tourist demands are becoming more personalized, leading to increased
demand for smaller sized accommodation units (like smaller authentic
family hotels, lodges, restored heritage homes, bungalows and safari-style
tent camps).
Demand is increasing for attractive products, concepts and services that
distinguish the region from the competition by their added value.
Demand is increasing for specialized holidays revolving around specific
hobbies and interests, and for vacations focused on ethno botany, bird
watching or wildlife photo safaris.
A preference for “Back to basics” experiences will result in preferences for
simpler vacations based on hiking and biking and simple lodging.
41
The implications for the Retezat regional tourism sector include the following:
Readily available tourist information on most destinations and products,
and increasingly sophisticated search engines to analyze such information
will lend itself to comparison, and thus influence competition. Experienced
tourists will increasingly put together their own trips on a modular basis
with direct bookings and dynamic packaging.
Internet e-marketing, including the application of Customer Relations will
be important for the tourism association.
Destination branding and target marketing will increase.
The availability of in-depth information (content) on suppliers‟ products,
either in the destination and national park or accessible through links, will
become a basic precondition for the success of websites.
The major consequences for the Retezat tourism sector include the following:
While Budapest, is the closet airport to attract low cost carriers, new flights
to Sibiu could open up opportunities for the region.
The increasing availability of direct links by train and plane will stimulate
demand for international short breaks to cities to the detriment of rural
areas.
42
5.2 Positioning Retezat National Park and Region
The positioning of RNP and the surrounding region will create the basis for
product development and marketing. Individual target markets will be identified
and the types of potential values and benefits that appeal to these markets will
be described. It will then be the responsibility of the PAN Park Group and Park
Administration to ensure that these benefits are delivered by offering quality
products and experiences.
The market segments with the greatest potential for visits the RNP over the next
5 years have been identified from a number of sources including:
Previous market data collection by the park administration
(Metromedia Survey)
Discussions with local operators and suppliers
Knowledge of the ecotourism, educational and adventure travel markets
The following markets have been selected because they offer a high (Priority 1)
and medium level (Priority 2) opportunity for the park and region.
Its exceptional biodiversity suggests that RNP could become one of the most
popular mountain and nature-based sustainable tourism destinations in Romania
if well promoted. However, its relatively remote location, as well as the lack of low
cost carriers (LCC‟s) and major highways, limits domestic and international visits.
Nevertheless, RNP‟s distinctive geological character, exceptional number of
endangered and endemic species, and spectacular scenery can make it a major
attraction for hikers, trekkers, bird watchers, amateur geologists and ethno
botanists, in addition to individuals interested in the overall mountain environment
and alpine landscape.
43
Ecotourists are environmentally responsible and expect tour suppliers to
demonstrate respect for the local environment as well as operate on green
principles. Successful positioning the RNP region as a sustainable tourism
destination will enable the various tour products to be differentiated from other
national parks in Romania and Eastern Europe.
The Geotourist
Geotourists travel to experience the character or „sense‟ of a special region or
place. They are particularly attracted to rural areas with its mix of landscape and
traditional villages. They represent one of the better market opportunities for the
RNP region. Market research suggests that there may be as many as 20 million
Europeans with this interest. They would expect unique experiences and leave
the destination with knowledge of its distinctive characteristics. They are
environmentally responsible and prefer to visit intact natural and cultural
environments. They are interested in comfort but are prepared to accept small
inconveniences to support the protection of the environment. Like ecotourists,
they are attracted to regions that are developed on sustainable tourism practices.
They will be attracted by access to a national park (of exceptional beauty and
protected biodiversity) that is also surrounded by a region with a rich cultural
heritage and vibrant village life.
B) Adventure Travellers
This market segment differs from the geotourist because adventure travellers are
more interested in participating in a challenging and exciting experience than
strictly discovering the unique biophysical and cultural character of RNP and
surrounding region. They are interested in alpine hiking, climbing, mountain
biking, primitive camping and trekking. However, they are also attracted to the
relatively remote, wild and untouched nature of the RNP region, which provides a
sense of freedom and isolation, and an opportunity for self-dependant skill-
testing and rugged activities. The wild mountain environment provides the
adventure traveller with a sense of exploration and excitement that they seek.
C) Scientific Tourism
As Romania‟s oldest national park, RNP offers researchers an invaluable
laboratory for research in a variety of areas, including endemic and rare flora,
birdlife, and large carnivores. In particular, scientific tourists will be attracted by
the assurance that this protected area will provide on-going research
opportunities for many generations.
Research can also take place beyond the Strictly Protected Areas or „Scientific
Reserves‟‟. This opens opportunities for students and amateur nature enthusiasts
who are interested in studying everything from wolves to frogs to lichens.
D) Educational Travellers:
The Retezat destination region can be exceptionally interesting to this market
segment. Their extended stay vacations and interest in „learning vacations‟ would
44
be a natural fit with the heritage and natural resources of this region. The
unspoiled nature of the park, as well as the wealth of historic learning
opportunities all within a distinct rural cultural context, is particularly interesting to
this segment. Educational tourists are a more sophisticated and well-travelled
market, so the opportunity to experience and learn from an unspoiled and
protected environment will be particularly appealing. Like other environmentally
responsible travellers, educational tourists will expect the tour operators to offer a
green product based on sustainable practices.
G) Family Tourists
Romanian and Eastern European (Bulgarian, Czech, Hungarian, Moldavian,
Ukrainian, etc.) family tourists can eventually be attracted to the more remote
regions of the country if there are adequate activities and diverse
accommodation (serviced campgrounds, guesthouses, tent camps, budget
hotels, etc,). However, the competition by other nature-based destinations and
national parks is high. To attract Romanians and Eastern Europeans to this
destination, it will be necessary to position the location as an exclusive and
unique part of Romania that has adequate facilities and features for all family
members. This would include excellent interpretation structures and programs.
45
Each market segment will be assessed to identify the positioning that will be
most effective. The components in the position process will include:
a) Resources: the key resources in RNP and the surrounding region that are
available to attract the market segment and position the destination
b) Product Opportunity: the types of development that are necessary to
support the visitor experience
c) Brand: value and benefits: The essential experiences the visitor will
encounter will be presented as a benefit to their personal growth and
enjoyment
d) Positioning: The mix of resources, products and benefits will be combined
to identify a positioning of the destination for each segment
46
Retezat Product/Market : Matching and Positioning
Priority # 1
ECOTOURISTS
and
GEOTOURISTS
Alpine ecologists Alpine - 1-7 day - Education and Pristine spectacular
landscape and packages in the knowledge on a and alpine
environment alpine area threatened wilderness setting
- Alpine ecology environment for learning and
interpretation and - Exotic and unique discovery
supporting signs unique landscape and experiences
- Alpine specialist - Adventure and
guides solitude
47
Amateur Ethno exhibit perpetuity
botanists - Trained guides
ADVENTURE
TRAVELLERS
48
horses/mules scenic alpine packages solitude and captivating mix of
and valley - Semi permanent contemplation traditional rural
environments tent camps - Education and people and
- Scenic values - Serviced self-awareness character with
and vistas campgrounds - Challenge protected
- Mountain - Expanded multi- -Exploration wilderness
ecosystem and use trail system
rural - Local tour
landscapes operator
- Exceptional
geology
Mini-van - Rural - 3 to 6 day - Personnel Experience the
Excursions landscape and packages satisfaction unique mix of rural
village life - Guesthouses and - Exploration and landscape,
- Impact of country inns discover protected area and
former coal and - Farm-stays - Learning and former industrial
steel industries - Geopark exhibits Relationships structures
CULTURAL
HERITAGE
TOURISM
Arts and crafts Arts and crafts - 2 to 4 day - Appreciation for - Specific traditional
enthusiasts outlets and packages traditional and rural arts and
markets - Arts and Craft Romanian craft crafts of Hunedoara
- Contact with tourist complex culture County
local artists (display and - Animation and
- Available production) tourist tuition
start-up micro- - Regional craft courses
credit training school
Craft training
for artists
- Weaving
- Traditional
cloths – wood
sculptures
Special cultural Local traditions - 3 to 4 days - Knowledge and Living traditional
Events - Music itineraries excitement of activities and early
Participants - Food - Guesthouse traditional European culture
preparation accommodation Romania cultural - Specific traditional
- Harvests - Regional visitor activities activities of
- Horses reception and - Animation and Hunedoara County
orientation centre tourist participation
- Local receptive programs
tour operator
Cultural heritage - Rural - 4- 8 day - Unique and Living traditional
tourists Romanian packages exotic ancient activities and early
49
Culture of - Accommodation heritage European culture
Hunedoara in local - Multiple cultures:
County guesthouses Roman, Dacian,
- Mix of historic - Heritage etc
churches and interpretation
monasteries programs
- History of coal - Heritage site
mining and restoration
steel - Local receptive
production tour operator
SCIENTIFIC
TOURISM
Geology and - Park ecological - Inspiration and Experience and
Geomorphology research camp understanding study the unique
- Semi permanent - Personnel geological
tent camp Satisfaction formation in a
- - RNP Geology protected
Interpretation wilderness area
exhibit
Rare plants - Floral - Park ecological - New scientific - New scientific
diversity of research camp knowledge and knowledge and
mountain - Semi permanent understanding understanding
ecosystem- tent camp - Personnel - Unique,
Endemic alpine - RNP plant satisfaction and spectacular and
flora Interpretation fulfilment protect environment
exhibit for rare fauna
Endemic and Rare - Species from - Park ecological - New scientific - New scientific
European fauna all the research camp knowledge and knowledge and
Carpathian - Semi permanent understanding understanding
habitats tent camp - Personnel - Unique and
- Major - RNP fauna satisfaction and spectacular protect
European large Interpretation fulfilment environment for
carnivores: exhibit endemic fauna
Wolf, bear, lynx
- Large
herbivores
EDUCATIONAL
TOURISM
Rural Romanian Village - Regional - Discovery of Experience the
Cultural lifestyles and Interpretation and unique traditional lifestyle of
enthusiasts transitions, - Orientation Centre Romania culture traditional
Living legends - Traditional and lifestyles Romanian families,
- Heritage guesthouse - Live the villagers and
buildings accommodation traditions farmers.
50
- Traditional - People-to-People - Authentic
agriculture Program activities and
techniques - Receptive tour understanding
operator
Mountain The flora and Mountain - Experience the Experience one of
Environment fauna of the interpretation solitude of pristine Europe‟s last truly
Enthusiasts Retezat centre wilderness wild, spectacular
mountains and - Semi permanent - Rare and environments
Carpathian Tent camps – endemic species - The magic and
eco-region observation - Exception excitement of a
platforms biodiversity protected mountain
- Expanded trail - Isolation and environment
system contemplation
- Local tour - Personnel
operator and satisfaction
guides - Self-discovery
DOMESTIC
TOURISTS
Romanian - Rural - Regional - Discovery of Experience the
Families Romanian Interpretation and unique traditional lifestyle of
Culture of Orientation Centre Romania culture traditional villagers
Hunedoara - Traditional and lifestyles and farmers.
County guesthouse - Experience the - Experience one of
- Mix of historic accommodation feeling of pristine Romania‟s last truly
churches and - People-to-People wilderness wild, spectacular
monasteries Program environments
- Access to - Fully serviced
RNP trails and campgrounds
interpretation
REGIONAL
STUDY GROUPS
Students The endemic - 1-2 day - Experience Experience one of
and rare flora packages exceptional bio- Europe‟s last truly
and fauna of - Semi permanent diversity of their wild, spectacular
the Retezat Tent camps and region environments
Mountains and serviced - Spectacular - Discover the
the Carpathian campgrounds - wilderness setting magic and
eco-region observation - Enjoy group excitement of a
platforms study and protected mountain
- Interpretive trail reflection environment
system - Experiential
- Trained local nature education
teachers and - Personal
guides Challenge
- Discovery and
51
exploration
Environmental The endemic - 1-4 day Experience Experience one of
associations and rare flora packages exceptional bio- Europe‟s last truly
and fauna of - Semi permanent diversity of their wild, spectacular
the Retezat Tent camps and region in a environments
Mountains and serviced spectacular - Discover magic
the Carpathian campgrounds - wilderness setting and excitement of a
eco-region observation - Enjoy group protected mountain
platforms interaction and environment
- Interpretive trail contemplation
system - Nature
- Trained local education and
teachers and protection
guides - Discovery and
exploration
Priority 2
52
and rare flora wilderness setting Europe‟s last truly
and fauna of wild, spectacular
the Retezat environments
Mountains and - The magic and
the Carpathian excitement of a
eco-region protected mountain
environment
BUSINESS
TOURISM
Small meetings - Attractive and - Tourist - Relative Experience the
equipped information centre remoteness lifestyle of
guesthouses - Hiking and conducive to traditional villagers
- Easy access interpretation trails concentration and farmers.
- Proximity to - Balance work - Authentic
RNP with contemplation activities and
in a natural setting understanding
- Experience one of
Europe‟s last truly
wild, spectacular
environments
53
5.3 Positioning Retezat as a sustainable tourism destination
Positioning is a communications strategy that results from identifying the
previous market segments and/or target markets. Because different tourism
destinations appeal to different types of tourists, individual target market
segments have been selected for Retezat and are matched with the resource
base. This approach will result in an effective, market-driven, resource-based
positioning strategy providing Retezat and the surrounding region with a
competitive edge over other similar mountain and/or rural destinations.
Positioning is also more than just creating an image for Retezat. It is an important
communication technique that will distinguish the region from other similar
destinations in Romania‟s Carpathian Mountains, from Eastern Europe, and from
the countries of origin of the tourists. It will differentiate Retezat from these and
other competitors by emphasizing benefits and values that are meaningful to
the target markets, and that will give the RNP region a competitive edge.
54
5.3.1 Developing an Effective Positioning Statement for Retezat
“Tourism products and services are created to offer benefits and value to the
tourist”5 Therefore, to be effective, positioning must promise the benefits the
customer will receive. These benefits must be considered different and better
than the competition in other national park based tourism destinations. This is
especially important because destinations such as Piatra Craiului also offer a
quality multi-activity tourism product with diverse natural and cultural resources
within and adjacent to the park.
The positioning statement for the RNP region will guide the overall concept for
the development and services. The message should also be consistent with the
positioning that is proposed for the entire Retezat Destination Region, and,
eventually, for Hunedoara County as well.
The process to identify and assess the positioning statement is laid out in greater
detail in APPENDIX 5. It identifies both the indicators of effective positioning, as
well as the impact of psychological, objective and subjective positioning. It is
provided to assist the Retezat Tourism Association and its members in
continually evaluating the impact of the positioning of the region
5
Romania Tourism Branding Workshop, RADP Program, Chemonics International, James
MacGregor, Tourism Specialist, Bucharest, 2005
55
rural - Remoteness, people‟ - Wild nature
landscape, wilderness contact combined with
traditional - Seclusion authentic
culture and solitude communities
- Distinctive - Organic
Adventure Vast, wild, - Freedom and - Self More Secluded
travellers unspoiled risk discovery and and challenging,
landscape, - Wild and awareness of pristine and
mountain pristine capabilities, unspoiled
Experiences - Rugged and Reverence for
remote wild places
Educational Exceptional Remote, wild - Personal More isolated and
Tourists biodiversity, authentic and worth + exotic
Wild beauty exclusive understanding - genuine
learning - Rejuvenation communities
opportunities of body and
mind
Business and Mountain views Seclusion Concentration Stunning and
Conference and interaction sensational,
originality
Pass through Activities and Remote, rural Discovery and Distinctive rural
and Fly-drive local foods and and authentic sense of well and mountain
accommodation being landscape and
unique within
Europe
Family Nature-based Secluded and Rejuvenation Exclusivity,
Groups activities and exclusive, family and self- uniqueness and
RNP activities discovery prestige
educational Experience
programs traditional
values
The above analysis suggests several positioning statements and taglines. They
are presented here not as definitive proposals, but rather as a prelude to the type
of development that is required to insure the protection and enhancement of
values that will attract the target markets.
Statement 1
The pristine and authentic (real) natural resources will enable you to have a
better understanding of yourself.
56
Tagline: „Discover your real nature‟
Statement 2
The unique and remoteness of the location will bring new challenges and a
sense of getting away from it all.
57
6. Retezat Regional Tourism Development Concept
In order to protect the resource base for future generations of tourists and tour
operators, the RNP region has been divided into four activity development zones.
Each zone reflects a different resource mix, market interest and carrying capacity
allowing for different types of activities and visitor volumes. Obviously those
areas that are the most fragile and remote will be designated for lower numbers
of tourists, while areas (outside the park) will be designated for supporting higher
visitor volumes and visitor days.
The four zones (see the Map), then, will accommodate a variety of tourists, from
those who come in high numbers but who typically spend less („high volume-low-
yield‟) because of the relatively lower value of the resource (i.e. agriculture
landscape), to those who would spend more for limited or controlled access („low
volume-high-yield‟) to pristine and remote wilderness. In all cases the
environment will be protected and even enhanced to ensure a tourism legacy for
future generations. The resources of the various zones will determine the type of
tour product, visitation levels and protection measures to be instituted.
58
Figure 6: Map of zones in the Retezat – PAN Park Region based on
experience/activity
Location
This zone is located north of RNP, outside park boundaries, and includes the
Geopark. It also includes the communities of Salasu de Sus and Raul de Mori
with their limited tourism services.
As well, the most southern part of RNP, where the Cheile Butii Tourist Complex
is located, is included in this zone..
Development Objectives
1. Create new jobs and salaries for residents through community-based
tourism activities associated with RNP and the area resources;
2. Stimulate the development of small-scale local tourism businesses (e.g.
guesthouses, handicraft shop, bike rental, restaurants, etc.) and visitor
services (guides, trainers, etc.)
3. Extend the length of stay in the area to an average of at least 3 days/visit;
59
4. Expand the variety and number of visitor services and activities in order to
attract a higher tourist volume without adversely affecting the integrity of
the Park;
5. Include the existing visitor interpretation centres within the regional
tourism flow and as a staging area for tourism activities in the region;
6. Link regional and area tourism activities with the park experience,
particularly in Zone II.
Tourist experience
This zone offers a variety of opportunities for outdoor recreation activities
including local culture „life-seeing‟ and scenic sightseeing within a clean and
attractive rural environment adjacent to Retezat National Park. Visitors have
opportunities for quality nature and local cultural interpretation, soft adventure
and sporting activities. While most visitors will come in the summer there is also
an opportunity for winter activities.
Market segments:
60
Zone II: Central Park Area
Location
This zone is structured around the traditional and well-known hiking trails within
the RNP. They include the popular crossings along the North to South trail
network (Carnic, Bucura, Poiana Pelegii, Buta, Cheile Butii).
Development Objectives
1. Monitor and control visitor impacts on the natural resources;
2. Maintain a quality hiking and interpretation trail experience;
3. Ensure that all visitors develop an appreciation for the natural resources
and park values;
4. Ensure that all tour companies and suppliers that use the park operate
within the highest environmental and sustainable tourism practices;
5. Managing potential conflicts between different types of park users;
6. Maintain a balanced flow of visitors into the zone;
7. Constantly monitor visitor impacts using a LAC (Limits to Acceptable
Change) technique.
Tourist experience:
Visitors are provided with quality self-guided activities in the more isolated high
alpine mountain environment, with an opportunity for camping or overnight
accommodation in developed tent camps, refuges and huts.
Most activities will be self-organised and self-guided. This is currently the most
popular form of tourism in the Retezat Mountains. While it now brings relatively
little income to the Park and local communities, with improved infrastructure and
increased marketing, this form of tourism can be expected to grow.
This zone is particularly capable of increasing revenues for the park as well as
local tour operators. For instance, a higher standard of accommodation such as
semi-permanent tent camps, services campgrounds and improvements to
existing cabins will result in higher rates and revenues.
Also, local tour suppliers could see their revenues increase, if they are prepared
to offer guided multi-day tour packages.
61
Market segments:
Traditional hikers from both domestic and international markets such as: Czech
Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary.
While RNP is relatively known in very select markets, such as with experienced
Czech, Hungarian, Slovakian and Romanian hikers, it is unknown in the more
affluent German, Swiss, Dutch and British adventure and nature travel segments.
If RNP and the region are to attain their objective of doubling visitor nights and
tripling revenues in the next 5 years, a substantial marketing effort will be
required.
Location
The central part of the Retezat Mountain, Retezatul Mic Mountain, and Godeanu
Mountain, with the Rotunda hut as the typical staging area for this zone.
Development Objectives
1. Offer a pure, remote and authentic Retezat Mountain (Park) experience;
2. Restrict access to organised groups with certified guide and interpretive
services;
3. Maintain the current tourism facilities, minimal promotion of the zone or
restricting further development;
4. Generate higher revenues for the park administration.
Tourist experience:
A high value experience and benefits through discovery of unspoiled European
wilderness, exceptional wildlife and scenery in the core of the Retezat National
Park. Tour operators will provide hiking, wildlife viewing, nature interpretation and
geology programs. These resources will be presented with well-trained guides
and naturalists.
62
The programmes are mainly marketed as all-inclusive packages through
responsible tour operators that are committed to environmental protection and
education. They will also make a direct contribution to the preservation of park
values through financial support for the park.
Market segments:
Experienced hikers and naturalists;
Western Europeans with an interest in wilderness and biodiversity;
Specialised interest groups (birdwatchers, wildflower-lovers, wildlife
enthusiasts, etc.);
Prepared tours offered through specialised international tour operators or
customized programmes.
Development Objectives
1. Provide quality downhill and backcountry ski facilities;
2. Ensure controlled and sustainable tourism development;
3. Evolve the typical ski area into a small all-season mountain resort;
4. Provide a staging area for winter based outdoor activities, such as ski
touring, backcountry skiing and snowshoeing in RNP.
Tourist experience:
Quality 4 season mountain experience, with opportunities for alpine and cross
country skiing, mountain biking, hut-to-hut trekking and ski touring with quality
resort accommodation.
Market segments:
Domestic market for alpine ski;
International market for ski touring, hiking, wildlife viewing, etc.
63
7. Sustainable Tourism Development Plan
The sustainable tourism development plan follows the structure established by
the four development zones, and provides a description of all proposals and
recommendations.
Hateg will serve as the principle Staging Area or Gateway to the services and
activities of the Retezat region and beyond. No location for the information
centre has been identified; however, it should be on the main highway and
within the downtown area. This TIC should include:
- Audio visual and static displays that demonstrate and promote the
various activity areas and attractions within the town and the Retezat
Tourism Destination Region (RTDR)
- „One-stop-access‟ to all accommodation and restaurant facilities in the
RTDR through a reservation system
- An area in the centre set aside to promote the attractions and services of
Retezat National Park, including packages and itineraries.
- A sales counter for local tour operators wanting to promote the tourism
product in the region
- A small sales outlet to sell information (books, tapes, photos, etc.) on the
region and RNP.
64
Coordinated print materials, including a Retezat Regional Tourism
Directory
Independent Retezat Regional web site and database.
A 3-day workshop will lead key staff through the process of „going green‟ and
supporting the sustainable tourism initiatives in the Retezat region.
The TIK‟s would be centrally located within the communities and include
extensive information on the history of the local heritage sites (models, photos,
artifacts), as well as video displays of selected tourism attractions in the area,
including Retezat National Park, sightseeing tours and hiking trails. All area
accommodation should be displayed with photos and contact numbers.
65
A 4-day workshop would provide the structure and technical information they
need to launch a successful business.
Much of the attraction of the rural areas of Romania, such as those found in
Zone I, can be attributed to village character created largely by the mix of
historical buildings and attractive facades (homes, churches, monasteries).
However, a slow deterioration of this resource is underway due to the
proliferation of garish commercial signs, concrete block buildings and a host of
other contemporary features that in general degrade the quality of experience in
these quaint (by Romanian standards, too) villages and heritage area.
66
An experienced sustainable architect should be hired to prepare guidelines for
restoration, as well as for new construction within the villages. This initiative
should be implemented as a model project under the direction of the county.
a) Interpretation facilities
Complete exhibition hall (panels, exhibits, audio visual displays)
Develop regional tourism exhibit
Improve reception/orientation lobby
Equip classroom and laboratory (education room) for tour groups,
students and environmental associations
Stock reference library and reading room
Furnish small conference room
b) Set up the following Services
Limited accommodation units for visitors
Restaurant serving local organic foods
Retail shop selling local and park related merchandise
c) Set up the following Outdoor facilities
Children‟s playground
Climbing wall
Outdoor exhibits and botanical garden
Picnic area
Landscaped parking lots
Walking trails
67
Observation tower
Zone II
To generate revenue for the park administration, RNP should consider offering
improved camping within Zone II in the form of Eco-tents. This will enable the
park administration to legitimately charge for the use of overnight facilities, as
well as encourage the visitors to the region to extend their length of stay.
Eco-tents (sometimes called safari tents) are increasing used to provide low
impact accommodation facilities in environmentally sensitive areas. They are
light and mobile, and can be removed at the end of each season and transferred
to other locations if the impact on one area becomes too great.
Structurally, they consist of a raised wooden floor, a partial 1.5m wall, and
canvas stretched over a tent frame. They are adequate to accommodate 2 cots,
a closet, a table and 2 chairs. They frequently have a small veranda.
Their purpose is to extend the length of stay of visitors to the region, as hikers
may stay for 3 – 4 days if they have multiple hiking opportunities from the camp..
68
If well located (e.g. in an area with attractive alpine views), these facilities could
be rented to tour operators for 70-90 euro/night all-inclusive, or individually at 40
euro/night.
Zone III
Zone IV
In order to increase visitor volume and improve occupancy rates, the Rausor
Area must re-brand or reposition itself as a Mountain Tourism Destination within
Hunedoara County. While this will not preclude the current and future alpine ski
initiatives, it should present a more balanced 4-season image including hiking,
backpacking, mountain biking, trail riding, etc.
69
B. Prepare a Rausor Sustainable Mountain Tourism Strategy
Continued success (increased visitor levels, improved occupancy rates) for this
area is dependant upon the following factors:
Trail Network: A complete trail system within zone IV will reinforce the position of
the area as an all season mountain destination.
Camping ground: A camping ground with 50 camp sites, including facilities such
as toilets and picnic shelters, needs to be built.
70
the Retezat tourism experience. Consequently, a major national/international
interpretive exhibit is an important part of the overall Romanian product. The
facility will be entertaining and educational, and will include the following
components:
Reception and orientation area
Interactive displays and graphics
Projection room and audio visual equipment
Web cams for wildlife observation
Resource library
Small laboratory
Local trails and interpretive signs
This facility will not compete with the existing Retezat Visitor Interpretation
Centre because it will focus on Carpathian ecology and resources in general.
The proposed location of the facility will be at the Rotunda with its access to
Zone II and IV. The development will require the following steps:
Site alternatives verification
Feasibility study
Sustainable architectural design
Construction plans and specifications
Interpretive programming
Management structure and staff training program
Marketing plans
Financing sources and support funding
The nature trail from Rausor is the first one of this type that RNP has designed
and constructed. Further development of the trail needs to be undertaken to
make this a high value interpretation trail, and to meet the demands of different
visitor segments.
71
accomplished to both protect its natural values as well as to position the park as
an international attraction within the PAN Park Network.
The park requires a set of development guidelines that are designed to control
and guide the quality of construction and protect the park environment. Emphasis
should be placed on such conditions as maintenance of pastures and use of
traditional construction materials. The guidelines should also deal with protecting
the ecology through appropriate waste management.
The proposed practices should also identify those ways in which the park
administration can introduce environmentally responsible practices into its day-
to-day operations – including office operations, transportation, and resource
management – by implementing such measures as water and energy
conservation, toxic chemical (VOC‟s, plastics, pesticides, etc) elimination, etc.
There are numerous existing trails in the park, and additional trails could be
developed to present a more complete picture of the natural values of the area. A
comprehensive trail network that considers different uses such as wildlife
viewing, mountain biking, hut-to-hut hiking, climbing, etc. should be developed.
The development of such a trail network needs to take the ecologically-sensitive
areas of the park into account, and the trail development plan needs to be
included in the park management plan.
The residents of the area surrounding RNP (and throughout Hunedoara County)
have little understanding of the economic development potential of the park..
Consequently, there is only a modest awareness of the need to protect the
cultural and natural character of the region.
72
7.3. Regional Level Recommendations
There are many projects that serve all the stakeholders in Retezat Destination
Region and are not specific to any one zone or community. They have been
separated out from those associated with individual areas.
Within a year there will be a need for a person to take charge of this strategy,
and coordinate the „immediate‟ implementation proposals as well as the ongoing
administration of the local tourism association. The salary could be the joint
responsibility of the private sector and the park administration.
Some of the duties of the position would be to:
A.2. Finalize the Structure for the Retezat Tourism Association (RTA)
The responsibility for the long-term implementation of the strategy, as well as for
providing leadership in positioning the region as a tourism destination, will fall to
the Retezat Tourism Association (RTA).
RTA activities will include, but not be limited to, the following:
Identify and secure funding and financing sources
Support the creation of strategic alliances and encourage greater dialogue
between the private and public sectors, and the park administration
Coordinate Retezat regional tourism development activities with those of
Hunedoara County, the National Tourism Authority and their regional
representative
Manage all marketing and research activities
Prepare an annual budget for submission to the park administration
Coordinate all tourism activities including special events, FAM tours, trade
shows, etc.
Develop a strong membership base amongst all the various stakeholders
in the regional tourism sector.
73
Proposed Structure
Public sector
RNP (1)
Geopark Representative (1)
Private sector
Local Tour operators (1)
Accommodation sector (1)
Guides (1)
c) Membership Base.
This will include all individuals, associations and companies that wish to
become members of the RTA.
This recommendation will be a joint effort of the RTA and park administration.
In order to achieve the visitor projections proposed in this strategy and position
the Retezat region as a Tourism Destination, it will be necessary to have a
comprehensive marketing plan that identifies the most effective mechanism to
74
promote RNP and the surrounding region as a national and international
destination. The plan should have the following components:
- Marketing goals and objectives
- Marketing approach
- Destination Brand and Position Statement
- Marketing Mechanisms
o Advertising
Web site and „drive-to-web‟ activities
Brochures
Directories
Collateral materials
o Sales and Promotions
Database development and CRM
Direct mail and email campaigns
Trade shows, destination showcase and FAM trips
Kiosks and stand
Group tour planners
DVD preparation and distribution
o Public Relations
Newsletter
Conferences and seminars
Resource Centre
o Marketing Research
o Marketing Budget
o Evaluation Methods
The Retezat region web site should be at the center of all marketing activities.
This should not be confused with the RNP official web site; it will be a separate
portal serving all the tourism interests of the region.
75
- Attractions and special events
- Tour packages (including maps and detailed itineraries
- Interpretation and educational programs
C) Special Discounts and Opportunities
D) Location of all Tourist Information Centres
Physical structurs
Hateg Tourist Information Centre
RNP Visitor Interpretation Centre
Community Information Kiosks
Collateral materials
Regional Tourism Directory
Area brochures and pamphlets
Electronic materials
Regional and local web sites
E-Newsletters
Database
The current mix of uncoordinated collateral material will be consolidated into one
comprehensive Retezat Destination Directory. It will include but not be limited to
the following:
- Content:
Natural and cultural resources
Special features
History and heritage
Current traditional lifestyles
- Service information
Accommodation, food services, transportation
Tour operators, travel agents, etc.
Tourist Information Centres
Maps and important contacts
- Tourism activities
Tour itineraries and day trips
Interpretation and educational programs
Trails and sightseeing opportunities
Special Events Calendar (annual insert)
76
C.5. Trade Show Participation
Once a new tour product has been developed and the marketing effort is
supported by a comprehensive web site, it will be necessary to identify and
attend at least 2 trade shows per year. The selection should be done in
collaboration with the NTA, and AER and will include four locations from the
following list:
FAM Trips remain one of the most successful marketing mechanisms available,
and at least one will be offered in 2007, and 2 per year after 2007. The tour
operators will be selected in cooperation with the local travel trade, NTA and the
PAN Park Group stakeholders.
The receptive operator remains one of the most important elements in attracting
new clients to a destination. There are only 2 or 3 operators between Timisoara
and Sibiu that cater to the special opportunities within the RNP region.
Ecotourism, soft adventure and educational travel operators should be offered
assistance in the following areas;
Market research
Business planning and budgeting
Product development and packaging
Web site and database development development
Strategic marketing
Despite the urgent need for an active presence on the Internet, many local
operators, particularly guesthouses and small hotel owners, still do not have an
email address, let alone a web site. If the destination is to be competitive, all
77
businesses must be connected electronically, especially if they want to have a
presence on the new Retezat regional web site.
The significant lack of tour product can be overcome with a concerted effort to
build a variety of market-ready tour itineraries.
The following tour products are proposed:
Each of the four zones provides different opportunities for tour packages, and
has different operational requirements due to location.
Each of the potential tour products is identified by specialty activity (and by zone)
in APPENDIX 9.
78
Confirmation of suppliers
Net Pricing
Product testing
Supplier assistance and training as necessary
Preparation of marketing materials
Once certified these new trainers can offer workshops several times a year at the
local level.
Potential trainers will be chosen from the public and private sectors. The program
will include the following steps:
Program design and development
Preparation of training materials and trainer workbook
Participant selection
Program delivery (12-days)
Participant evaluation
Certification
Follow-up and ongoing technical assistance
79
E.2. Marketing and e-marketing Training
A general problem in Romania is the lack of planning that takes long term
sustainability into account. Training is proposed to remedy this situation. It would
target the local municipalities, and assist them in understanding the planning
required in terms of sustainable tourism development.
80
- Book keeping, budgeting and cash flow analysis
- Purchasing practices
- Safety and security
- Insurance
- Marketing
More critical than the length of time for implementation is the sequence of events
that build to the final realization of the plan. The time frame has been designed to
meet several crucial immediate and longer-term factors including:
81
- The immediate requirements of the Park Administration to reply to the
demands of the PAN ark Network,
- The importance in increasing visitor arrivals by expanding the market
base and penetrating new national and international market segments
- The need to establish and implement environmental protection and
restoration measures before further degradation has reduced the value
of the natural and cultural resource base
The implementation plan should include the following for each activity or set of
activities:
a) Name of activity/set of activities
b) Location and function as defined by the development concept
c) Start-up and completion dates: milestones to monitor progress
d) Responsible agent(s) (team leader, team members and source of funding)
e) Approximate cost (based on industry standards)
82
- Opening 3,000 Retezat
Tourism
Association
B.2 Guesthouse Green - Planning 5,000 3/07 03/08 Retezat
Operations - Delivery 10,000 Tourism
Workshops Association
B.3 Expand - Planning 20,000 02/07 05/08 Private sector
Accommodation - Construction 300,000
Base - Opening 3000
B.4 Sarmisegetuza - Planning 15,000 04/08 05/10 Community
Visitor Heritage - Construction 100,000 Councils
Exhibit and - Opening 3000 Retezat
Interpretation Tourism
Centre Association
B.5 Equipment rental - Acquisition of 30,000 03/07 03/08 Retezat
centre bicycles, ski, Tourism
snow-shows, Association
etc.
B.6 Local - Acquisition of 60,000 03/08 5/08 Community
Transportation minibus Councils
Service
B.7 Tourism - Planning 1,000 06/07 02/08 - Retezat
Development - Preparation 5,000 Tourism
Guidelines and - Promotion 1,000 Association
Standards - Geopark
B.8 Trail Planning and - Planning 1,000 06/07 02/08 - Retezat
Construction (5 - Preparation 35,000 Tourism
trails) - Promotion 5000 Association
- Geopark
Retezat NP
C.1 Complete RNP - Planning 2,000 05/07 02/09 RNP
Visitor - Upgrading 40,000 Administration
Interpretation - Furnishing 50,000
Centre - Promotion 5000
Nucsora
Zone II
A.1 Upgrade Layout and 4000 05/07 09/07 RNP
campgrounds Design Administration
Poiana Pelegii and - Construction 40,000
Pietrele
A.2 Upgrading existing - Planning 1,000 06/07 02/08 RNP
RNP camping - Construction 50,000 Administration
areas with Eco-
tents
B Constructing one - Planning 1,000 06/07 02/08 RNP
new camping area - Construction 15,000 Administration
83
in Carnic
C.1 New Refuge - Planning 5,000 05/07 06/10 RNP
Construction - Construction 75,000 Administration
- Stana de Rau - Opening
C.2 Rehabilitation of - Planning 1,000 05/07 06/10 RNP
Poiana Pelegii - Construction 15,000 Administration
shelter
Zone III
A Upgrade - Design 4,000 05/08 11/09 - RNP
Rotunda Facility - Construction 15,000 Administration
- Opening and 3,000
PR
B 2 New Refuge - Planning 5,000 05/07 06/10 RNP
Construction - Construction 75,000 Administration
- Godeanu - Opening
(Scarisoara Lake)
- Retezatul Mic
Zone IV
A Mountain Tourism - Preparation 30,000 05/07 12/07 - Private sector
Development - Validation 3,000 - RNP
Strategy Administration
- Rausor
Municipality
- Retezat
Tourism
Association
B Construct Summer - Planning + 15,000 06/08 10/10 Private sector
Facilities Engineering - RNP
- Campground (50 - Construction 180,000 Administration
sites) - Rausor
- Mountain Bike Municipality
Trail - Retezat
- Signage Tourism
Association
C Carpathian - Site review 2000 06/09 04/11 Retezat
Education and - Feasibility 15,000 Tourism
Interpretive Centre Study Association
Rasour - Architectural 25,000 - RNP
Design 300,000 Administration
- Construction
D Upgrade Rausor - Design 3,000 05/07 09/07 - Retezat
Nature - Construction 7,000 Tourism
Interpretation Trail - Opening 1,000 Association
- Geopark
E Mountain Rescue - Design 30,000 05/09 09/11 - Mountain
Base and Shelter - Construction 300,000 Rescue Team
84
- Opening 3,000
TOTAL
Retezat
Destination
Regional Level
A Tourism - Executive 9,600 10/06 10/08 - Retezat
Association Development Tourism
Operations start-up - 10,000 Association
assistance Administration
- Office 5000
equipment
B Presentation of Meetings 2000 1/07 8/07 - Retezat
STDS to Tourism
communities Association
C Marketing
Activities
C.1 5-Year Retezat Strategic Plan 10,000 12/06 06/07 - Retezat
Marketing Strategy Tourism
Association
C.2 Retezat Destination - Design 2,000 11/06 03/07 - Retezat
C.3 Web site - Database 6,000 Tourism
C.4 Regional Development Association
Information - Management 7,000
Network
Regional Tourist
directory
C.5 Trade show - Attendance 10,000 12/06 05/07 - Retezat
Participation Tourism
(2/year) Association
C.6 Familiarization - Organization 2,000 01/07 06/10 - Retezat
Tours (2/year) - Tour Planner 10,000 Tourism
per tour Association
- Follow-up 3,000
C.7 Inbound tour - Assistance 5,000 1/07 1/09 - Retezat
operator assistance Tourism
Association
C.8 Internet/Web site - Assessment 10,000 10/07 06/09 - Retezat
Assistance - Internet fund Tourism
- Web site Association
template
D Product
Development
D.1 Regional Tour - Resource 10,000 12/06 12/07 - Retezat
Package Inventory Tourism
Development (29 - Markets Association
85
trips) assessment - RNP
- Tour Administration
Package
Design
- Group Tour
Planners
- Target
marketing
E Training
Workshops
E.1 Tour Product - Design 10,000 10/07 05/08 - Retezat
Development - Delivery Tourism
- Field trip Association
- Assistance - Association of
Ecotourism in
Romania
- RNP
Administration
E.2 Marketing - Design 3000 07/06 11/06 - Retezat
strategies (3-days) - Delivery 3000 Tourism
- Assistance 2000 Association
Trail Planning and - Design 5000 05/07 11/08 - Retezat
Design Workshop - Delivery 10, 000 Tourism
- Assistance 2000 Association
E.4. Guide Training - Overall 5,000 08/07 05/08 - Retezat
Program Design Tourism
- Entry level Association
(30 days) - Delivery 10,000 - RNP
- Intermediate Administration
(20 days) - Delivery 10,000
- Advanced
(20 days) - Delivery 10,000
86
Marketing - Assistance Association
(4-days) - Association of
Ecotourism in
Romania
E.7 PAN Park - Evaluation 7000 3/07 06/11 - Retezat
Ecotourism - Certification 2000 Tourism
Certification - Assistance 3000 Association
Program - Association of
Ecotourism in
Romania
TOTAL Retezat
Destination
Region
OVERALL TOTAL
While the full validation of this plan may be seen as the first step, there are many
initiatives that can be organized in the next few months including:
87
IV. Training Workshops
V. Product Development
5.1 Tour package Development: 04/07
5.2 Complete RNP Visitor Centre: 05/07
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8. Main Implementation Body and Monitoring
8.1 Developing the Retezat Tourism Association
During the development of the Retezat strategy, another process took place: the
identification of stakeholders with a desire to join together into a local steering
group with responsibility for developing and later implementing the strategy. This
steering group has gradually transformed into a formal organisation that is, at the
time of this writing, in the last phase of formal registration as the Retezat Tourism
Association (RTA).
RTA is in fact the local PAN Park Group that, under the direction and guidance of
the authors of this document, identified the PAN Park region, produced the
experience-based zoning (see Figure 6), and developed the activities and
implementation program included in this strategy. As it completes its
transformation into a formal organisation, the RTA is becoming the leading entity
in the sustainable development of the Retezat region.
RTA started out as a loose alliance of local guesthouse owners, local guides, and
the Retezat National Park administration. Throughout its development, the
members of the steering group, together with the local municipalities, agreed that
the RTA would take the form of a partnership between local tourism businesses
and the park. This initial partnership that embodies the RTA will now develop
additional partnerships with local municipalities and the Geopark administration
in the PAN Park region. The partnership structure is designed to enable the
organization to function more quickly and efficiently, in consideration of the fact
that local municipalities tend to be slower in making and implementing decisions.
Strong guidance for sustainable tourism development in the Retezat region is
ensured through the structure of RTA, and by the presence of the Park
administration as a founding member.
RTA has extensively studied the Ecotourism Certification Criteria developed and
implemented by the Association of Ecotourism in Romania (see the criteria at
www.eco-romania.ro), and although they have not yet been formally adopted,
RTA has agreed to use the Ecotourism Certification Criteria as the local PAN
Park standards. RTA as also decided to externalise the evaluation procedure,
which will be conducted by evaluators agreed to and trained by the Association
of Ecotourism in Romania.
Further discussions need to occur between the Retezat Tourism Association, the
Association of Ecotourism in Romania, and the PAN Park Foundation for a final
agreement on this issue.
89
8.3 Monitoring
The activities that are developed within the Retezat National Park borders will be
under the direct supervision of the park administration, and progress will be
constantly communicated to RTA.
Concerning the local PAN Park standards, if and when the Ecotourism
Certification Criteria are formally adopted by RTA as local quality standards,
responsibility for monitoring implementation will be the combined responsibility of
the Association of Ecotourism in Romania, RTA and Retezat National Park.
Further thought needs to be given to a local monitoring scheme to ensure the
standards are implemented in an effective and complete manner.
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Conclusions
The purpose of this report was to formulate a sustainable tourism development
concept for the region surrounding Retezat National Park as part of the park‟s
application for entry into the PAN Park network. The report is the result of a long
consultation and facilitation process that succeeded in bringing to light the wishes
and visions of different stakeholders, and combining them into a unified and
comprehensive implementation strategy.
The stakeholders involved in developing this strategy and the authors of this
document agree that Retezat National Park, with its pristine wilderness,
spectacular alpine landscapes, and rich variety of fauna and flora – together with
numerous cultural heritage and historical attractions in the area surrounding the
park – offer an exceptional resource mix that can contribute to the successful
long-term tourism development of this region.
The Retezat Tourism Association has the most crucial role in implementing the
STDS. Efforts need to be made by RTA to work in partnership with local
municipalities to implement the overall vision of sustainable tourism development
in the region.
With a firm commitment to this vision, Retezat National Park and the surrounding
region clearly has both the potential and the tools to position itself as a premier
tourism destination on both the national and international markets!
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Appendix 1 : Retezat National Park Ecological Zones
The RNP Ecological Zones are based on activities approved under Romanian
legislation (OUG 235) aimed at maintaining conservation objectives.
The areas are as follows:
Strictly Protected Areas (Scientific Reserves) (Zone A), for scientific
research; The Gemenele Scientific Reserve, corresponds to the first IUCN
category
Special Conservation Areas (Zone B) where monitored tourism,
educational activities and traditional activities are permitted. They must
accommodate the sustainable use of resources (grazing) and reflect the
conditions of the Regulations herein and according to the park's
management plan. Within this area, there are 1) integral protection areas,
where only educational activities and monitored tourism are allowed; 2)
areas of special interest for biodiversity; and 3) areas with tourist
infrastructure.
Buffer Zones (Zone C), where administration activities and sustainable
use of natural resources are allowed, in accordance with the RNP
Management Plan. Within this area, there are 1) areas of special interest
for biodiversity; and 2) areas with tourist infrastructure.
Activities permitted in each one of the Zones are indicated in the Table below:
A. Strictly protected
area: Scientific Reserve
B. Special conservation
X X
area
B.1 Integral protection
X
area
B.2 Areas of special
X
interest for biodiversity
B.3 Areas with tourist
X X X X
infrastructure
C. Buffer zone X X X X X
C.1 Areas of special
interest from the point
X
of view of the
biodiversity
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C.2 Areas with tourist
X X X X X
infrastructure
Access to this „Reserve‟ is restricted to those with a permit from The Romanian
Academy. Only researchers, biologists or biodiversity conservation specialists,
biodiversity conservation students, and groups undertaking biodiversity
conservation studies or professional training trips are permitted. Groups cannot
exceed 9 persons.
Protected and special interest areas can be inside the special conservation area
(see Biodiversity Special Interest Areas, below)..
Limestone areas within the integral protection area. The area has very
high biodiversity.
Lunca Berhinei, an area of high importance for the lepidopteron.
The Râului Mic and Lăpuşnicului Valleys, areas of high importance for
birds.
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The southern face of Retezat, an area of high importance for fauna,
including the chamois populations and the possible nesting of Aquila
Chrisyaetos species.
Poarta Bucurei, the slope facing Lake Bucura, an area of high botanical
importance for the Loiseleuria procumbens populations.
The Glacial hollows of Lakes Ana, Lia and Viorica lakes, areas of high
botanical importance for Phyteuma vagneri, Gymnadenia frivaldii,
Campanula transsilvanica and Gentiana punctata species.
The southern and southeastern slopes facing the Zănoaga Lake, an area
of high importance for the flora and fauna, specifically for the Lilium
Jankae species; it is also a sheltering area for bears.
Feţele Voilesei, an area of high importance for the flora and fauna.
The alpine area above Gura Apei, starting at the forest line.
The right slope on the Şes River, an area of high importance for its pristine
forests.
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Reconstruction/ upgrading of
buildings or existing
Buta B-3 Uricani
infrastructure, without making
new investments
Reconstruction/ upgrading of
buildings or existing
Rotunda B-3 Râu de Mori
infrastructure, without making
new investments
Gura Investments in the existing or new
C-3 Râu de Mori
Zlata tourist infrastructure
Valea Investments in the existing or new
Râului C-3 Râu de Mori tourist infrastructure
Mare
This zoning has important implications with respect to park management, and is
the basis for tourism planning in and around RNP. Within the perimeter of
national parks in Romania, only traditional activities and land uses by local
residents are allowed, and they are regulated by the management plan. The
park management plan seeks to maintain a balance between the natural
resources and the human presence in the area, encourages preservation of
habitats and landscapes, and promotes the traditional use of land and the
traditional way of life of local people. Any strategy for the development of
sustainable tourism must be consistent with these larger management goals.
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Appendix 2: Description Resources of the Retezat NP
and Adjacent Area
There has been extensive documentation of the resources of the National Park
and to a lesser degree those of the surrounding region. This document will
borrow directly from the Retezat National Park Management Plan prepared by
the park administration.
Retezat National Park holds substantial interest for those interested in amateur
geology. The Park is largely composed of the Retezat- Godeanu mountain
ranges. The Retezat range extends north from the centre, and rises from
between the Petrosani and Hateg tectonic hollow.
The main characteristic of the Retezat Mountains is provided by two large
eruptive blocks that stretch out in the direction of Lapusnicul Mare and Barbat
rivers: the Retezat type granodioritic massif to the North, stretching out over a
length of more than 40 km and width of around 20 km and the Buta granodioritic
massif, located in the south of the Lapusnic- Barbat valley corridor, which drops
under the Jurassic deposits of the Retezatul Mic.
.
The sediments are represented by some Palaeozoic and Mesozoic geological
patches (especially Superior Jurassic and Inferior Cretaceous limestone),
belonging to the autohtonului coverlet; they are located on the eastern periphery
of the Retezat (the Tulisa crest) and in the South- Southwest (Retezatul Mic).
The crystalline of the getic layer can only be found on the northern face of the
mountains, stretching further under the sediments of the Hateg and Petrosani
hollows.
2. Geomorphology
Retezat National Park is characterized by a great diversity of forms, which makes
the landscape peculiarly spectacular, and attractive to hikers and nature
photographers. The relief is mainly shaped in accordance with the geologic
structure and the characteristics of the lithologic substratum.
A. Main Features
The main relief features reflect the conformity with the structure, not only from the
point of view of the direction, but also of the morphology.
The two-granodioritice blocks generally correspond to the two main crests:
In the North - The Peleaga Crest – consisting of Zlata (2142 m), Şesele Mari
(2324m), Judele (2389m), Bucura (2432m), Peleaga (2509m), Păpuşa (2508m)
and Baleia (1498m);
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In the South - The Buta Crest, over the corridor of the Lapusnicu Mare and
Barbat rivers valleys, consisting of: Piatra Iorgovanului (2015m), Buta (1977m),
Drăgşanu (2076m) and Vârfu Custurii (2453m).
A bridge, called Custura Papusii, connects the two main crests;
A series of secondary heights laterally originate from these two crests:
Northwards, towards the Hateg border, the Retezat, Pietrele, Prislop etc. crests.
Southwards, towards the Lapusnicul Mare Valley, the Slaveiul crest complex, the
Piule (Retezatul Mic) orographic complex, having a transitional aspect between
the Retezat and Godeanu mountains.
B. Geological Characteristics
The characteristics of the lithologic substratum are a fundamental element that
shapes the Park relief characteristic relief.
The Retezat, Buta and Muntele Mic granite massifs belong to the Danube
domain, and have the shape of elliptical bodies, sometimes stretching many
kilometres.
The granite rocks show old alteration crusts looking like a “sea of rocks”; the
rivers have the aspect of toothed crests, towers and fangs, at the feet of which
are stunning steep slopes.
The sedimentary rocks from the Tulisa and Retezatu Mic massifs are mostly
calcareous. Being soluble, these rocks create an interesting landscape in terms
of variety of the forms in the southern part of Retezat National Park:
Valleys with narrow gorges sectors (the Buţii, Scocului, Scorotei gorges etc.),
Plateaus with lapiezuri of different shapes and in all the evolution phases
Blind karst valleys (West Jiu, in the Dâlmei cu Brazi sector),
Small dolines, and even a glacial basin, developed in dolomite limestone (the
only one of this kind in Romania).
The endo - karst is well represented in the Park by the numerous cavities
(around 200 caves and hollows) from the basins of Lăpuşnicul Mare, Soarbele,
Jara, Scorota, on the left side of the West Jiu, upstream of Câmpu lui Neag.
The caves are rich in stalactites and stalagmites (one can find here over 80% of
the karst forms known) and they shelter a various cave fauna, of a real scientific
interest.
On this petrographic platform, in the “world‟ of cliffs and saddles of the Retezat,
the most representative climate modification generated relief forms are
preserved, the relicts of the Quaternary glaciations in the Carpathians:
The glacial basins, simple or joint, interlocked or suspended, with the over 58
permanent glacial lakes.
The glacial valleys, on which the glaciers were gliding down to 1300 m, having
lengths of 3 to 8 km and sometimes over 10 km (the Lăpuşnicul Mare Valley is
the most representative).
The saddles between the basins- the main saddle, stretching out from west to
east, between the Zlata and Lazarului peaks, totalizes around 18 km.
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The striated rocks (ram backs),
The moraines – the most typical moraine in the Meridional Carpathians is located
on the Soarbele Valley.
3. Hidrology
The tectonic, lithologic and morphologic conditions of the Retezat Mountains,
correlated with the positioning of the crests in relation with the advection of the
oceanic air masses, make the massif be the area with the highest humidity and
draining in the Romanian Carpathians.
The rich hydrographic network drains in two directions:
Northwards, towards the Strei River (the Mureş hydrographic basin),
which collects all the waters from the west, north and northeast of the
massif.
Southwards, towards the West Jiu River (the Jiul Romanesc Hydrographic
basin).
The density of the river network is higher in the Strei hydrographic basin than in
the one of the Jiu. Depending on the altitude, visitors can observe that the
maximum density corresponds to the sub- alpine level and the minimum one to
the alpine level.
During the year, the maximum drain is usually in May- June, due to the melting
snow and heavy rainfalls. The minimum drain is during the winter months, when
the extremely cold temperatures and low precipitation levels do not offer the
optimal conditions of maintaining the draining process. The winter drain
conditions are stable and the summer drain is two times higher.
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Although they have relatively small surfaces, the glacial lakes have a very
important role in the natural regularization of the draining of the rivers in the
Retezat Mountains. There are 58 permanent glacial lakes exist in the entire
massif, located between 1700 and 2300 m.
As a result of the 20th century anthropic interventions, river drainage started to
be controlled by the damed lakes (artificial lakes), which were built on Rau Mare.
The construction of the Gura Apei reservoir lake, at the junction of Lapusnicul
Mare, Lapusnicul Mic and Ses rivers, started in 1975 and was finalized in 2000.
Two underground feeder pipes, collecting the water from the Rausor and
Nucsoara rivers were built to supplement the water capacity of the dam.
4. Climate
Retezat National Park is defined through a complex mountain local climate, with
numerous climatic conditions determined by altitude and general direction of the
crests in relation with the direction of the maritime air masses from the west and
continental air masses from the east and northeast, the positioning of the slopes
with respect to the sun and the incline angle of the slopes.
January is the coldest month (with temperatures between -11 and -50 C), July is
the warmest (between +16 0C and +60C) below the altitude of 1800 m and
August at higher altitudes. The coldest temperatures can be measured on the
Peleaga, Papasa, Retezat, Bucura peaks.
The nebulousness is a more frequent phenomenon in the Park in May- June, due
to the circulation of the humid air on the slopes and it appears the most seldom in
October. Moreover, the crests higher than 1700- 1800 m are situated, in autumn
and winter, above the stratiform cloud ceiling and enjoy many sunny days.
Fog is frequent in a mountain climate. Its frequency increases proportionally with
the altitude: from 50- 75 days at the foot to 250 days at 1800 m and even more
on the crests. The visibility on the crests decreases, because of the fog, below 1
km in 35- 40% of the autumn days and over 50% of the winter days. The visibility
on the crests is low also in summer, because of the convective clouds that cover
the mountain crest.
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Sunshine, is affected by the conditions of nebulousness and fog, and decreases
in summer from 1300 hours (at low altitudes) to 950 hours (on the crests). In
winter, sunlight between 600 and 800 hours. An average difference of 200-250
hours/ year at the foot of the mountain and less than 100 hours/ year on the
crests appears between the southern slopes (sunny) and the northern ones
(shaded).
Precipitation is unevenly distributed, in relation with the advance of the humid air
masses (Atlantic and Mediterranean) and altitude. The annual average amount of
precipitations is between 900 mm at low altitudes, 1300 mm at medium altitudes
and 1600- 1800 mm or even more at higher altitudes. On the western,
northwestern and southeastern slopes, the precipitations exceed 1400 mm.
However on the eastern and northeastern, protected slopes, the annual
precipitations are 300- 400 mm lower.
June has the highest precipitation levels (120- 150 mm), while the minimum is in
October- November (50- 70 mm). The first snow appears in the alpine area in the
beginning of September and the latest at the end of June; these intervals
diminish as the altitude decreases. Over 2000 m, it is possible to snow any
month of the year. The duration of the snow layer is of around 100 days in the
low areas and over 200 days at 2000 m. The snow persists in the glacial basins
of the northern part of the Park even in summer. The average height of the snow
varies in relation with the altitude (from 70- 80 cm at the foot of the mountain to
90- 100 cm on the crests), but also with the disposition of the slopes, the layer
can reach 3- 4 m).
The wind, a dominant element of the mountain climate, has a frequency of 94-
95% on the crests in the Park, while the calm has a frequency of 35- 40% in the
sheltered from wind valleys. Average wind speed increases from 2- 3 m/s at
800m to 10- 11 m/s on the crests, the maximum speed often reaching 40- 60
m/s. Due to increased wind speeds and turbulence at higher altitudes, the crest
landscape is frequently subjected to the climate paroxysms that accompany
these manifestations: the force of the raindrops (on the exposed faces) and of
the water vapour from the clouds that continuously cover the crest, the scattering
of the snow on the exposed faces and snow up in the sheltered from wind
places.
These harsh climate conditions shape the present mountain relief, influence soil
conditions and determine the adaptation of the alpine and sub- alpine vegetation
of the Park.
Retezat is well know nationally for its floral diversity, offering 1190 superior plants
species of the 3450 species known in Romania. In fact it was declared a National
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Park, in part because it has more than 1/3 rd of the flora in Romania. The
existence of more than a third of the Romanian flora in this area is one of the
reasons for which it was declared a National Park. As well abundant inferior
species adds to the above-mentioned inventory.
For this reason botanists have long been interested in the flora of Retezat. First
studies appeared later, Borza (1934), Nyarady (1958) (who published “The Flora
and Vegetation of the Retezat Mountains”) and Csuros and others (1956) having
a great contribution. Over 90 endemic taxons, of a total of 127- 400 endemic
taxa in Romania, are extremely important to conservation of the plants in
Retezat. The first endemic plant reported in RNP, was the, flamanzica (draba
dornerii), discovered in 1858 by Heuffel. The 130 rare plants of the “Red list of
the superior plants in Romania” (published in 1994, by Oltean and others) are
also of great importance.
In terms of flowers, from a genetic point of view, the Retezat Mountains represent
the genetic center for the Hieracium genus, which includes in the area 257 taxa,
some of them endemic, it also represents the genetic center for the Poa genus,
which includes 31 taxa.
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mugo) can be found. The dwarf pine (a protected species in Romania) is widely
spread over the steep slopes of Retezat, and supports the detritus. The
European pine (Pinus cembra), a rare species, appears in larger and more
compact groups than in other massifs.
Sheep grazing represents the biggest threat to the flora of Retezat National Park.
The characteristic species in the alpine pastures are gradually replaced as a
result of excessive grazing with robust species. Local people collect rose bay
flowers, dwarf pine burgeons, edelweiss flowers, different mushroom species,
etc.
Forest exploitation, hygiene fallings and conservation works are carried out in the
buffer zones of the park.
The modernization of the access road to Herculane is a potential danger for the
flora of Retezatul Mic, both during its construction and because the new road will
bring more visitors to the area. Consequently there need to be a tourism
monitoring system to evaluate visitor impacts.
a) Habitats
The alpine and sub-alpine pastures, rocky regions, dwarf pine areas, alder tree
areas, mountain leafy forests, boreal coniferous forests, aquatic habitats and
river valley bushes represent the most important habitats for conservation in
RNP.
Resinous and beech forests and their mixture are dominant. Beech forests are
located between 800 and 1200m, mixed forest between 1200 and 1400 and
spruce fir forest between 1400 and 1800 m. The pristine and quasi - pristine
forests total over 4800 hectares and represent 26% of the forest. (Dr. Ing. Radu
Stelian, Preliminary Inventory of the pristine and quasi - pristine forests in
Retezat National Park and neighbouring area, ARNP, 2002). The forest's
average range is at 1800 m, but sometimes it extends to 1900.
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The forests of Small Retezat are unique, because of the abiotic characteristics of
the area (the calcareous substratum, low humidity and higher temperature etc.).
The alpine and sub- alpine pastures cover around 11% of the area of the Park at
altitudes between 1700- 2300 m. Several protected species can be found here,
such as: Rhododendron kotschii, Gentiana acauli, G. punctata, Soldanella, etc
The detritus and cliff areas cover a large area in Retezat, both in the granite area
and the calcareous area. The characteristic habitats are populated with few
species; the saxicolous lichens, invertebrates (the saxicolous spiders), reptiles
and birds have been found.
Dwarf tree habitats are situated between the superior limit of the forest and up to
2000- 2200 m, covering the area between the spruce fir area and the alpine
pastures. Among the species in the dwarf pine area: the bilberry (Vaccinium
myrtillus), the cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), Homogyne alpina, Soldanell
hungarica.
i) Lakes, pools, alpine and sub- alpine streams: including important populations
of aquatic invertebrates, fish and amphibians. Endemic species exist among
some of the invertebrate groups (trichopterans and plecopterans). The latest
studies show higher biodiversity in the Stanisoara and Galesul streams,
comparative with the other valleys.
ii) Swamps with peat; the ones at Zanoaga- Judele have been studied more and
are of special interest from a palynologic point of view.
iii) Gura Apei Lake, on the western limit of the Park, is an artificial aquatic habitat
formed by a dam.
b) Fauna
In the second half of the 19th century, Bieltz and Csato carried out the first
scientific studies on the fauna of Retezat. During the next century, many
researchers studied the fauna of the massif.
Due to its exceptionally diverse habitats, Retezat National Park contains a
particularly rich fauna, in both number of species and population.
The invertebrates, represented by thousands of species from all the Carpathian
habitats have not been categorized, although they were studied extensively.
Most of the endemic fauna in Retezat are invertebrates; 9 endemic species of
day butterflies, 6 endemic species of plecopterans and 4 species of trichopterans
have been so far identified. The last two groups are particularly associated to the
major riverine systems in the alpine area.
Some genres, like Erebia (the Lepidopthera order), for example, have a high
diversity in this area. Thus, this genre, glacial relic, has an altitudinal spread
similar to the latitudinal spread the genre has in the Northern Hemisphere.
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As butterfly conservation in Retezat becomes increasingly important, Lunca
Berhinei has been declared an „Important Area of European Lepidopterous.
The flora and fauna inventory program, part of the “Romanian Biodiversity
Management and Conservation”, which started in 2000, has provided new
information on the invertebrates in the Park, including the discovery of new
species in Romania.
The red mountain frog Rana temporara is harvested in some areas of the Park
and many, mostly females, are collected during the reproduction period.
There are 9 species of reptiles, almost 40% of the Romanian terrestrial reptiles
(Annex 2.3.1). Although just one species is considered rare at the national level,
six of them are considered threatened. The Bern Convention includes all the
reptiles from Retezat in its Annexes- II (4 species) and III (5 species)- and the
92/43/EEC Directive ensures the statute of species necessitating strict protection
for 5 species in Retezat, including them in Annex IV. 6 of the Park species are
also included in Annex IV, regarding strict protected species, to Law 462/2001.
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Although few cases of viper bites have been recorded, both tourists and natives
often kill vipers.
The number of bird species in the park is exceptionally large for a mountain
area (Annex 2.3.1.). There are185 species, half of the Romanian bird species.
122 of them nest in the Park and nearby areas.
Rare species like the mountain eagle, Aquila chrysaetos, (also represented on
the Park logo), the small eagle (Aquila pomarina), the serpent eagle (Circaetus
gallicus), the migratory falcon (Falco peregrinus), the mountain cock (Tetrao
urogallus), Bubo bubo, Glaucidium paseinum, the black stork (Ciconia nigra) and
other rare species can be found here.
With regard to their statute, Law 462/2001 includes 28 species in Annex III, 15
species in Annexes III and IV and 101 species in Annex IV. 127 of the Retezat
and nearby areas species are included in Annex II of the Bern Convention and
50 are included in Annex III of the same Convention. The European Council
79/409/EEC Directive on the conservation of the wild birds includes in its
annexes 55 species of birds living in the area.
The rich fauna of the Retezat National Park proves once again the existence of
natural habitats that are unaffected by human activity.
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Appendix 3: The Land Ownership structure within the
Park
The overall land ownership structure in the park is illustrated in the table below:
Administrative control:
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The National Forest
Administration- The
Hunedoara Forest
Fish and Game 1948 38.138 100
Directory in Retezat, Pui
and Lupeni Forest
districts
The Romanian Academy-
The Gemenele
The Commission for the
Scientific 1956 1.600 4
Protection of Natural
Reserve
Monuments
Retezat National
Retezat National Park
Park Biosphere 1999 38.138 100
Administration
Reserve
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Appendix 4: Tour package development criteria
The core of the activities proposed for RNP and the adjacent area will include the
development of multi-day, multi-activity guided and self-guided tours. Different
zones will offer a variety of optional tour products and some itineraries may cover
more than one zone.
The following proposed tours have been identified in terms of their location (by
Zone) and the duration (in days)
The table outlines the various tour themes and associated activities, potential
markets as well as operational and environmental (sustainable) requirements.
Additional Activities:
Because of the diverse natural and cultural resources it is possible to respond to
market demand for additional activities beyond the major tour product theme. For
instance the mountain bike tour could also include hiking and nature
interpretation. Recent research on the nature and adventure market suggests
that these participants are interested in several activities within the same
itinerary.
Market Segments
There is little data on the source of current arrivals in the region other than that
80% of visitors are Romanian and most international arrivals are from Hungary
and the Czech Republic. Over the next 5 years this mix should change to at least
a 50% coming from outside Romania. Those European nations closest to
Romania will represent the greatest volume while there will also be British,
French, Scandinavian and North American operators selling the uniqueness of
RNP. The proposed packages may also be part of a larger Romanian itinerary.
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- Village Culture - French Interpretive Services
- Cross Country Skiing - Belgium - Naturalist
- - British - Knowledgeable Guides
- Americans - Multi-lingual guides
- Scandinavians
- Romanians
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Environmental
Standards
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- Nature - British - Knowledgeable
Interpretation o London Guides
- Photography - Germany / Urban - Hospitality Services
- Wildlife Observation - Dutch and Friendly Staff
- Camping - Hungarian - Hygiene and
Cleanliness
- Environmental Quality
- Safety / Security
- Good Transportation
- Visit Ecological Sites
- Multi-lingual
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Additional activities Market segments Operational and
Environmental
Standards
- Interpretive Program and - Knowledgeable Guides
Facilities - British - Green Management
- Tent camps - German - Interpretation Kiosk and
- Visit to Ecological - Dutch Trails
Reserves - French - Wilderness Sites
- Medicinal Plants - Hungarian - Outstanding Scenery
- Hiking - American - Nature Appreciation
- Botanical Garden Visits
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11. ALL WOMEN Zone II, Zone III 3–5 days
TOURS
Additional activities Market segments Operational and
Environmental
Standards
- Hiking and Trekking - American - Safety / Security
- Tent Camps - Canadian - Friendly Female Staff
- Nature Interpretation - British - Hygiene and
- Visits to Villages - Dutch Cleanliness
- Health and Wellness - Environmental Quality
Programs - Green Management
- Orienteering - Meet with Locals and
Living Legends
- Pre Trip Information
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Additional activities Market Segments Operational and
Environmental
Standards
- Visit to Heritage Sites - Friendly Staff
- Romanian Culture - Dutch - „Green‟ Guesthouses
- Regional history - Romanian - Meeting Local People
Interpretation - German - Living Legends
- Traditional Foods - French - Local entertainers
- Cycling - Swiss - Hygiene / Cleanliness
-Hiking adjacent to - Italian - Good Transportation
community - American - Hospitality Services
- Romanian Celebrations - Unique Community
- Arts and Craft Identity
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- Dog Sledding - German - Safety / Security
- Rustic Camping - British - Friendly Staff
- Hut to Hut Trips - Romanian - „Green‟ Guesthouses
- Wildlife Observation - Hungarian - Knowledgeable Guides
and tracking - Polish - Bilingual Guides
- Nature Interpretation - Dutch - Wilderness Experience
- Environmental Quality
- Outstanding Scenery
- Entertainment
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Appendix 5: Retezat Responsible Tourist Code
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Appendix 6: Guidelines for the Retezat Sustainable
Tourism Development Policies and Practices
The assessment of current tourism development and the proposals outlined in
this Strategy suggest the need for well defined sustainable tourism development
policies if the region, including the national park, is to emerge as a sustainable
destination. Policies must touch virtually all components of the region or, in the
short term, those other industries that are directly related to tourism (food
production, transportation, construction, etc).
They are presented here as guidelines to assist all private and public sector
stakeholders have a better concept of how the above proposals can be
presented in a sustainable manner.
Tourism will have a "place at the table' and be involved in all planning processes
and related activities throughout the Retezat region and Hunedoara County. The
concerns of the local travel industry will be considered in all developments that
affect the natural and cultural environment.
The tourism industry and responsible tourism officials will ensure that all Retezat
Region residents have opportunities to benefit from the travel industry and are
involved in all aspects of its development. Tourism development planning will be
a vehicle for civic involvement, participation in decision-making, partnerships,
and contribution to the well being of all citizens of the region.
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1.4 Public Consultation
All tourism development will involve direct consultation with local communities,
citizens, special interest groups and responsible organizations and institutions.
The purpose will be to inform local citizens, solicit their opinions and assure their
complete involvement in decisions that affect their lifestyle and economy.
All tourism development in RNP and the surrounding region will include the
concept of inter-generational equity as well as equitable distribution of tourism
business opportunities amongst all residents of the Retezat Region.
Marketing mechanisms will reflect green management practices with all literature
produced on recycled paper and promotional activities that minimize
environmental impact.
A corporate green policy will be prepared for all tourism businesses including
implementation procedures for staff, management and guests in accommodation
and food services facilities. Waste, water pollution and energy use will be
minimized and training programs that contribute to environmental awareness will
be available for all employees, their families and communities.
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install current high efficiency technology, train staff to minimize the use of water
and adopt conservation measures that increase efficient use of resources.
The use of all pesticides, detergents, herbicides, bactericides and fungicides will
be minimized and hazardous substance use will be eliminated throughout the
region.
4.1 Architecture
Changes to heritage properties will preserve the historic pattern of the site and
reflect the landscape character of adjacent properties.
All site planning will be done in an ecologically sensitive manner that respects
local landscape conditions, minimizes impact on plants, wildlife habitats and soil
and water and respects traditional cultural patterns. Alterations of existing sites
will restore or enhance the landscape, while new developments will respect all
natural processes.
All sustainable site design will respect local ecological conditions and include
only those components that respect topography, soils, indigenous vegetation,
climate and spatial qualities. As well, site design must accommodate existing
cultural land use patterns and forms.
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All tourism facilities, (accommodation, attractions, restaurants, etc.) will
incorporate sustainable design and construction practices that minimize the
impact on the environment, specify the use of local materials, minimize
construction waste, reduce demand for water and energy and reflect local site
conditions and the traditional architectural vernacular.
All environmental impacts and threats to the sustainability of the tourism industry
will be monitored on an ongoing basis in order to determine the extent of their
impacts, carrying capacity of the site and overall visitor satisfaction.
All natural, social and cultural resources will be protected and enhanced in order
to maintain diversity and increase opportunity for a variety of tourism activities,
including ecotourism and cultural heritage tourism. Future tourism products will
include a greater mix and integration of the natural resources and native and
non-native cultural activities.
All significant sources of tourism related pollution of lakes and rivers will be
eliminated and protective measures implemented to assure water quality for
future generations. These resources are fundamental to the development of the
Retezat Region‟s ecotourism potential and all water systems will be protected
and if necessary be restored.
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Policy 11. ENFORCEMENT
All natural resource protection and conservation regulations and laws will be
strictly enforced with the maximum penalty charged for poachers, illegal loggers
and polluters.
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the value of protecting the environment, and the role of each citizen in
contributing to local environmental protection and enhancement.
The local travel industry, in cooperation with Romanian and international tourism
agencies and tour operators, will educate the traveller on the sustainable tourism
development initiatives of RNP and the surrounding region, and on the
progressive efforts to conserve and protect their natural and cultural resources.
The purpose will be to solicit visitor support for and participation in the
conservation initiatives.
Local residents and park staff will be educated in sustainable development and
environmental protection through training programs and institutional
strengthening programs. Emphasis will be placed on developing professional
skills to conduct environmental resource inventories and assessments, formulate
management procedures, enforce regulations and monitor development.
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For any comments or recommendations, please contact us at:
Zoran Acimov
Park Director
Contact address:
Retezat Visitor Centre,
Nucsoara, Comuna Salasul de Sus,
Judetul Hunedoara
or
Andrei Blumer
Ecotourism Partnership Coordinator
Association of Ecotourism in Romania
USAID - Romania Agribusiness Development Program
Contact address:
Postal address: OP 1 CP 210, Brasov 500500
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