Ee8315 Lecture8 Umts 2005 Pa1

UMTS
Southern Methodist University
EETS 8315 / TC752-N

Advanced Topics in Wireless Communications
Spring 2005
http://www.seas.smu.edu/eets/8315
Lecture 8: UMTS: system and network
Instructor: Dr. Hossam H’mimy, Ericsson Inc.

hossam.hmimy@engr.smu.edu
(972) 583-0155
© 2005 H. H’mimy SMU EETS 8315 Advanced Topics in Wireless Communications - Spring’05 Lecture 9, Slide 1
UMTS
Announcement
• Graduating Students please send me email
confirming that you are graduating this semester.
UMTS
outline
• UMTS History
• UMTS spectrum
• UMTS reference model and protocol stack
• UTRAN
– Protocols and interfaces
– components
– Air interface (WCDMA)
– Logical, transport and physical channels
• ...
UMTS
UMTS : History
• Research Programs in Europe

– RACE (Research in Advanced Communications Equipment)
– Air interface
– 1988-1995
– ACTS (Advanced Communications Technology and
Services)
– 1995-….
– FRAMES (Future Radio Multiple Access Systems)
– W-CDMA FDD
– TDMA with and without spreading
UMTS
UMTS : WCDMA
• Chip rate 3.84Mcps

• Modulation QPSK
• BW 5MHz
• Frame length 10msec
• Multiple access WCDMA/FDD, TD-CDMA/TDD
• 15 TS per frame
UMTS
UMTS Spectrum
W-CDMA W-CDMA UL MS W-CDMA W-CDMA DL MS

TDD FDD TDD FDD
20 60 30 15 85 60 30
2200 MHz
1900 MHz
• In The US (?)
– 1700MHz / 2.2GHz
– 700MHz
– 1900MHz
UMTS
UMTS 3GPP
• 3GPP 99
– introduction of UTRAN with separate CS & PS domains
– no change in GPRS CN ( protocol stack)
– New RAN
• 3GPP R4 (2001)
– Minor changes
• 3GPP R5 (2002)
– introduce GERAN. Traffic mainly PS,
– change in CN ( Server and Media GW ) + IMS
– signaling use IP based SIP “ session initiation protocol” RFC 2543
– HSDPA
• 3GPP R6 (2004)
– HSDPA UL Enhancement
– Multimdia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)
• Super 3G
© 2005 H. H’mimy
SMU EETS 8315 Advanced Topics in Wireless Communications - Spring’05 Lecture 9, Slide 7
–
UMTS
UMTS Architecture
CN CN : Enhanced GSM/GPRS CN
Iu
RN: UTRAN
UTRAN
Uu
UE
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

CN Core Network
UE User Equipment
UMTS
UMTS reference model: R99
• CSCF: responsible for call state control functions, service

switching function, address translation, vocoder negotiation
to support VoIP
Application 2G network
services
Roaming
GW IP
HLR
CSCF
RAN 3G 3G
SGSN GGSN PSTN
Iu PSTN
GW
3G MSC
UMTS
UMTS Protocol Stack, user
IP IP relay IP relay IP IP
GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U
UDP UDP UDP UDP
PDCP PDCP
IP IP IP IP
RLC RLC AAL5/2 AAL5/2
L2
MAC MAC ATM ATM L2 L2

Phy. Phy. Phy. Phy. Phy. Phy. Phy
Iu
MS Node B + RNC GGSN
SGSN
UTRAN
UMTS
UMTS Protocol Stack, control
Signaling connection control part
RRC
RLC RLC SCCP SCCP SCCP SCCP SCCP
AAL5/2 AAL5/2 AAL5/2 AAL5/2 AAL5/2
MAC MAC ATM ATM ATM ATM ATM
Phy. Phy. Phy. Phy. Phy. Phy. Phy.
Iu
MS Node B + RNC GGSN
SGSN
UTRAN
UMTS
UMTS CN
• R99
• R5
• See section 5.7 of the textbook pp 95-97.
UMTS
UTRAN Architecture
Core Network
Iu Iu
RNS RNS
Iur
RNC RNC
Iub Iub Iub Iub
Node B Node B Node B Node B
UTRAN consists of
• RNCs (similar to BSCs)
• Node Bs (similar to BTSs)
UMTS
Functions of UTRAN Components

• RNC
– Serving RNC (SRNC)
– L2 functionality
– Terminates RR control signaling and RANAP)
– Uplink/downlink signal transfer, mobility, soft handoff,
– outerloop/ downlink power control,
– Controlling RNC (CRNC)

– Load and congestion control, admission and code allocation
– Drift RNC (DRNC)

– No L2 functionality.
– Combining diversity
– Routes the traffics from Iub to Iur transparently.
UMTS
Functions of UTRAN Components

• Node B:
– logical node, maintains link with UE
– responsible for radio transmission for one or more cells,
adds/removes radio links on demand,
– mapping logical resources to physical resources,
– inner loop power control,
– interconnecting UE from different manufacturers.
UMTS
Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces

• UTRAN consists of
– Radio Network Layer (specific to UTRAN itself)
– Transport Network Layer (standard technology: ATM)
• The UTRAN specific protocols include

– Radio Access Network Application Part: Radio Network Signalling
over the Iu.
– Radio Network Subsystem Application Part: Radio Network
Signalling over the Iur.
– Iub interface uses node B application protocol (NBAP).
UMTS
Node
UTRAN Interfaces B
RNC Iu
Node Iur
• Iur Interface (RNC <-> RNC) B
RNC
– point-to-point open interface, Node Iub
– macro-diversity support, B
– transport signalling for mobility and radio resource allocation.
• Iub Interface (RNC <-> Node B)

– interconnection of equipment from different manufacturers,
– allows Abis (GSM/GPRS transmission sharing),
– transports DCH, RACH, FACH and DSCH data,
– enables negotiation of radio resources between node B and
RNC
UMTS

• Signaling applications RNSAP
– NBAP SCCP RANAP
– RNSAP MTP3 SCCP
– RANAP SCCF-NNI MTP3-B
SSCOP AAL5
NBAP AAL5 ATM
SCCF-NNI
ATM Phy.
SSCOP
Phy.
AAL5 Iu
ATM
Iur
Phy.
SSCOP:Service specific Connection oriented protocol
Iub SSCF: service specific Convergence function
NNI: net to net interface
UMTS

• User Data (traffic)
IP data
GTP-U
Logical ch. UDP
data Iur Data IP
AAL2 AAL2/5 AAL2/5
ATM ATM ATM
Phy. Phy. Phy.
Iub Iu
Iur
UMTS
Physical Layer
• Physical layers consists of
– physical channel
– transport channel
• Physical layer provides
– Encoding / decoding of transport channels
– multiplexing/de-multiplexing of transport channels
– mapping transport channels onto physical channels
– RF Processing (modulation/demodulation, spreading/de-
spreading)
– Closed loop power control
– Macro-diversity Distribution/Combining
UMTS
WCDMA Features
•Soft Handoff
communicate with multiple base stations
•Multipath Reception
rake receivers provide diversity gain
•Fast Power Control
combats “near-far” problem
•Frequency Reuse of 1
simplifies frequency planning
•Soft Capacity
flexible coverage and capacity palnning
UMTS
Case 1
+1
0
Spreading -1
11 00 11 00
+1
0 1 0
+1 User -1
0 data
-1 +1
0
Despreading
-1
11 00 11 00
+1
0 Code Case 2
-1
+1
0
-1
+1 Chip
0 sequence 1 01 01 01 0
-1 +1
0
-1
+1
0
-1
UMTS
Cell breathing
BS 1 BS 2
Fully loaded system

Unloaded system
UMTS
Radio Environment
Multipath Propagation
Time Dispersion
τ2
τ3
τ0
τ1
τ 0 τ1τ 2 τ 3 τ
UMTS
The RAKE-receiver principle

Buffer/delay
Channel
Correlators
C
Finger #1
O
M
Finger #2 Sum of individual
B multipath components
Finger #3 I
N
Finger #N E
R Power measurements
of neighbouring BS
Searcher Finger
UMTS
Power Control
• What?
– The Transmitter adapts the output power according to Path
Loss
• Why?
– Mainly to solve the “Near-Far” problem
– Goal is that all users should experience the same SIR
• No PC on pilot or some CCCH
UMTS
Power Control ..
• Open Loop Power control (Initially, No signaling)

– UL
– UE measure pilot,
– read Interference level from BCH,
– TX at calculated power,
– Ramp up power
– DL
– BS calculate required power,
– Tx at calculated power,
– Ramp up Power
UMTS
Power Control ..
• Inner Loop Power control UL/DL (fast)

– For a fixed SIR target per service (RAB), UE or Node-B will
use:
– Signaling channel, TCP,
– continuously @ rate 1500 times/s,
– To relatively changes (up or down) the power to reach the
SIR target.
• Outer loop Power control (Slow)
– If the BLER measured (DL @ UE, UL@RNC) is below/
above the target,
– UE/RNC increase/reduce SIR target.
– Use the new target for the Inner loop PC.
UMTS
Handover
• Inter-Radio Access Technology (IRAT) Handover
– Traffic and Control Channels are Disconnected and must be
Reconnected
• Inter-frequency Handover
– Traffic and Control Channels are Disconnected and must be
Reconnected
• Soft Handover
– Unique to CDMA
– During Handover, the MS has traffic connections with two BS’s
• Softer Handover
– between two sectors of the same site, with identical timing
UMTS
Soft Handover Add/Drop/Replace

Thresholds
• Soft Handover Measurement and Decision
EC / N 0 ∆t ∆t ∆t
Cell 1
T_REPLACE
T_DROP
T_ADD
Cell 2
Cell 3
time
Replace Cell 1
Cell 1 Add Cell 2 Drop Cell 3
with Cell 3
Connected
UMTS
Channelization and scrambling codes
Channelization code Scrambling codes SC

– UL: separation of data
(DPDCH) and control – UL separation of Users
(DPCCH) in same UE
– DL separation of DL
– DL separation of sectors
connection of different
users
– UL 4-256 chips, DL 4-512 – UL 38400 or 256 chips, DL
chips 38400 chips
– # of codes under one SC=
SF – UL Millions, DL 512
– OVSF – Long gold code
– Responsible for spreading
– Does not do spreading.
UMTS
Channelization Code tree

Adapts user bit-rate to code length (figure 4-11)
Using C4.1 C8.1 = {11111111}

C2.1
C = {1
4.1 = {1111}
1}
Unusable codes
C8.2 = {1111-1-1-1-1}
C2.1 = {1 1}
C8.3 = {11-1-111-1-1}
Using C8.4
C4.2 = {1 1-1-1} C8.4 = {11-1-1-1-111}
SF = 2 SF = 4 SF = 8
Unusable code
UMTS
Complex SC
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 5
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 5
• Complex SC (Downlink) cos ( 2πfRFt)

SC-I
I Is FIR
Σ Filter
RF
SC-Q Σ Output
FIR
Q Σ Filter
Qs
SC-I
sin ( 2πfRFt)
I S = (I • SC I − Q • SCQ )
QS = (Q • SC I + I • SCQ )
UMTS
WCDMA Code Types

• Synchronization Codes
– Primary Sync. Code: Fixed 256-bit code
– Unmodulated fixed for all cells
– Helps UE identify the presence of a WCDMA BS
– Helps UE achieve Slot Synchronization
– Secondary Sync. Codes: 256-bit codes
– Unmodulated different for different cells ( group 64)
– Helps UE achieve Frame and slot Synchronization
• Pilot Codes
– Common (CPICH) provides coherent reference for UE
receiver
– Pilot bits embedded into each time slot of the DCH
UMTS
WCDMA Channels
• Logical
• Transport
– Characterize how data is transmitted
– Provide services to the upper layer
– Mapped to physical channels
– Common transport channel
– Dedicated transport channels
• Physical
– Carry one or more transport channels
– Responsible for transporting data over the air.
– Identified by carrier frequency, orthogonal code, relative phase
– A super frame consists of 72 radio frames.
– One radio frame is
– 10 milliseconds in duration
– divided into 15 time slots
– each slot has a duration of 0.625 milliseconds
UMTS
Downlink Logical Channels

• Common Downlink Logical Channels 3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.1
3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.1
– BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel)

– Broadcasts cell site and system identification to all UE
– PCCH (Paging Control Channel)
– Transmits paging information to a UE when the UE’s location is
unknown
– CCCH (Common Control Channel)
– Transmits control information to a UE when there is no RRC
Connection
– CTCH (Common Traffic Channel)
– Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of UE’s.
• Dedicated Downlink Logical Channels
– DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel)
– Transmits control information to a UE when there is a RRC
Connection
– DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel)
© 2005 H. H’mimy – Traffic
SMU channel
EETS 8315 dedicated
Advanced to one Communications
Topics in Wireless UE - Spring’05 Lecture 9, Slide 36
UMTS
Uplink Logical Channels

• Common Uplink Logical Channels 3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.1
3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.1
– CCCH (Common Control Channel)

– Transmits control information to a UE when there is no RRC Connection
– CTCH (Common Traffic Channel)
– Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of UE’s.
• Dedicated Uplink Logical Channels

– DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel)
– Transmits control information from a UE when there is a RRC Connection
– DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel)
– Traffic channel dedicated from one UE
UMTS
Downlink Transport Channels

3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.2.1.1
3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.2.1.1
• Common Downlink Transport Channels

– BCH (Broadcast Channel)
– Continuous transmission of system and cell information
– PCH (Paging Channel)
– Carries control information to UE when location is unknown
– Pending activity indicated by the PICH (paging indication channel)
– FACH (Forward Access Channel)

– Used for transmission of idle-mode control information to a UE
– No closed-loop power control
– DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel)

– Carries dedicated control and/or traffic data; shared by several UE’s
• Dedicated Downlink Transport Channels

– DCH (Dedicated Channel)
– Carries dedicated traffic and control data to one UE
UMTS
Uplink Transport Channels

• Uplink Transport Channels
– Common Uplink Transport Channels

– RACH Random Access Channel
– Carries access requests, control information, short data
» Uses only open-loop power control
» Subject to random access collisions
– CPCH Uplink Common Packet Channel

– Carries connectionless packet data to PCPH
– Dedicated Uplink Transport Channels
– DCH Dedicated Channel
– Carries dedicated traffic and control data from one UE
UMTS
Physical channels
• PCCPCH
– Fixed rate of 32 kpbs and SF=256
– Transmitted continuously over an entire cell
– No transmission during the 1st 256 chips within every slot of
radio frames
• Secondary CCPCH
– Variable rate
– Discontinuous transmission
– Supports narrow transmission with in a cell based on
configuration and use.
• DPDCH ( Dedicated Phys. Data Channel)
• DPCCH ( Dedicated Phys. Control channel)
• CPICH (common pilot)
UMTS
WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels

3GPP TS 25.211
• Common Downlink Physical Channels 3GPP TS 25.211
– P-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Primary)

– Broadcasts cell site information
– Broadcasts cell SFN; Timing reference for all DL
– 32kbps SF 256 continues transmission
– SCH Synchronization Channel
– Fast Synch. P frame, S slot, time-multiplexed with P-CCPCH
– S-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Secondary)
– Transmits idle-mode signaling and control information to UE’s
– Variable rate, with DTX
– P-CPICH Common Pilot Channel
– S-CPICH Secondary Common Pilot Channel (for sectored cells)
– PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
– Transmits high-speed data to multiple users
• Dedicated Downlink Physical Channels
– DPDCH Dedicated Downlink Physical Data Channel
– DPCCH Dedicated Downlink Physical Control Channel
– Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to UE’s
UMTS
WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels

3GPP TS 25.211
3GPP TS 25.211
• Downlink Indicator Channels

– AICH (Acquisition Indicator Channel)
– Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Random Access attempt
– (Echoes the UE’s Random Access signature)
– PICH (Page Indicator Channel)
– Informs a UE to monitor the next paging frame
– AP-AICH (Access Preamble Indicator Channel
– Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Packet Access attempt
– (Echoes the UE’s Packet Access signature)
– CD/CA-ICH
– Confirms that there is no ambiguity between UE in a Packet Access
attempt
– (Echoes the UE’s Packet Access Collision Detection signature)
– Optionally provides available Packet channel assignments
– CSICH
– Broadcasts status information regarding packet channel availability
UMTS
WCDMA Uplink Physical Channels 3GPP TS 25.211

3GPP TS 25.211
• Common Uplink Physical Channels

– PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
– Used by UE to initiate access to BS
– PCPCH Physical Common Packet Channel
– Used by UE to send connectionless packet data
• Dedicated Uplink Physical Channels

– DPDCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Data Channel
– DPCCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Control Channel
– Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to BS
UMTS
Common Pilot Channel 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3
• Downlink CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) (C256,0)

1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols = 20 bits = 666.667 uSec
Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
If transmit diversity is used, then the pilot symbols are as shown for each antenna:
Antenna 1
Symbols A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Antenna 2
Symbols A A -A -A A A -A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A
Slot 14 Slot 0 Slot 1
UMTS
Sync Channel /
Primary Common Control Channel 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2
• Downlink SCH / P-CCPCH (C256,1 )

BCH Spreading Factor = 256
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 18 BCH data bits / slot
SCH BCH
256 Chips 2304 Chips
PSC
Broadcast Data (18 bits)
SSCi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
UMTS
Secondary Common Control Channel

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2
• Downlink S-CCPCH
Spreading Factor = 256 to 4
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 * 2k data bits; k = [0..6]
0, 2, or 8 bits 20 to 1256 bits 0, 8, or 16 bits
TFCI or DTX Data Pilot
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
UMTS
Dedicated Control/Data Channel

3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
• Downlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame

1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7]
SF = 512/2k = [512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4]
DPDCH DPCCH DPDCH DPCCH
Data 1 TPC TFCI Data 2 Pilot
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
The
TheDPDCH
DPDCHcarries
carriesuser
usertraffic,
traffic,layer
layer22overhead
overheadbits,
bits,and
andlayer
layer33signaling
signalingdata.
data.
The
TheDPCCH
DPCCHcarries
carrieslayer
layer11control
controlbits:
bits:Pilot,
Pilot,TPC,
TPC,and
andTFCI
TFCI
Downlink
DownlinkClosed-Loop
Closed-LoopPower
PowerControl
Controlsteps
stepsofof11dB,
dB,0.5
0.5dB
dB
UMTS
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH 3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1

3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1
• Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6 (10 to 640 bits) I
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Pilot TFCI FBI TPC Q
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DPCCH: 15 kb/sec data rate, 10 total bits per DPCCH slot
PILOT: Fixed patterns (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits per DPCCH slot)
TFCI: Transmit Format Combination Indicator (0, 2, 3, or 4 bits)
FBI: Feedback Information (0, 1, or 2 bits)
TPC: Transmit Power Control bits (1 or 2 bits); power adjustment in steps of 1, 2, or 3 dB
UMTS
Downlink Data Coding, Multiplexing

3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
Traffic
Traffic@@12.2
12.2kbps
kbps L3
L3Data
Data@@2.4
2.4kbps
kbps
Traffic data (122x2)per 20ms 244 Layer 3 Control data per 40ms 96
CRC16 CRC 16
Add CRC bits 244 Add CRC bits 96

Tail 8 Tail 8
Add Tail bits 260 Add Tail bits 112
Conv. Coding R=1/3 804 Conv. Coding R=1/3 360
Rate matching 688 Rate matching 304
1st interleaving 688 1st interleaving 304

Data from second 244-bit packet
#1 344 #2 344 #1 344 #2 344 #1 76 #2 76 #3 76 #4 76
Radio Frame
Segmentation
344 76 344 76 344 76 344 76
2nd interleaving 420 420 420 420
slot segmentation 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
30 ksps DPCH 600 bits (300 symbols) 600 bits (300 symbols) 600 bits (300 symbols) 600 bits (300 symbols)
Radio frame FN=4N Radio frame FN=4N+1 Radio frame FN=4N+2 Radio frame FN=4N+3
UMTS
Uplink Data Coding, Multiplexing

3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
Traffic
Traffic@@384
384kbps
kbps L3
L3Data
Data@@2.4
2.4kbps
kbps
Traffic data (3840x2) 3840 3840 Layer 3 Control data 96
CRC16 CRC16 CRC 16
Add CRC bits 3840 3840 Add CRC bits 96

Tail 8
Concatenate 7712 Termination Concatenate 112

bits
Turbo Coding R=1/3 11568 12 11568 12 Conv. Coding R=1/3 360
1st interleaving 23160 1st interleaving 360

Frame Segmentation 11580 11580 Frame Segmentation 90 90 90 90
Data from second 3840-bit packet

Rate matching 9525 9525 9525 9525 75 75 75 75
9525 75 9525 75 9525 75 9525 75
2nd interleaving 9600 9600 9600 9600
slot segmentation 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640
480 ksps DPDCH 9600 bits (9600 symb.) 9600 bits (9600 symb.) 9600 bits (9600 symb.) 9600 bits (9600 symb.)
Radio frame FN=4N Radio frame FN=4N+1 Radio frame FN=4N+2 Radio frame FN=4N+3
UMTS
WCDMA Downlink (FDD)

Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels
(Layers 3+) (Layer 2) (Layer 1)
CPICH
Null Data S/P
Common Pilot Channel
Cch 256,0 Gain
Sync Codes(*)
BCCH BCH Data P-CCPCH(*) PSC
S/P
Broadcast Control Ch. Broadcast Ch. Encoding Primary Common Control Physical Ch.
Cch 256,1
Σ
Gain
PCCH PCH Data GP

Paging Control Ch. Paging Ch. Encoding
S-CCPCH SSCi SCH (Sync Channel)
Secondary Common Control S/P
CCCH
Physical Ch. GS
Common Control Ch. Cch Gain
FACH Data
CTCH Forward Access Ch. Encoding
Common Traffic Ch. DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel)
CCTrCH One per UE
DCCH DCH Data
Dedicated Control Ch. Dedicated Ch. Encoding Cell-specific
Scrambling Downlink
DTCH DCH Data Code RF Out
Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1 Dedicated Ch. Encoding M
DPDCH (one or more per UE)
U M
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
X U
X
S/P
Σ I+jQ I
Filter I/Q
DTCH DCH Data
Cch Gain
Σ Filter
Modulator
Dedicated Traffic Ch. N Dedicated Ch. Encoding Q
DPCCH (one per UE)
Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
Dedicated Physical Control Ch.
DSCH Data PDSCH

S/P * Note regarding P-CCPCH and SCH
Downlink Shared Ch. Encoding Physical Downlink Shared Channel
Cch Gain
Sync Codes are transmitted only in bits 0-255 of each timeslot;
AICH P-CCPCH transmits only during the remaining bits of each timeslot
Access Indication data S/P
(Acquisition Indicator Channel)
PICH Cch Gain
Paging Indication bits S/P
(Paging Indicator Channel )
AP-AICH Cch Gain
Access Preamble Indication bits S/P
(Access Preamble Indicator Channel )
CSICH Cch Gain
CPCH Status Indication bits S/P
(CPCH Status Indicator Channel )
Cch Gain
CD/CA-ICH
CPCH Status Indication bits S/P
(Collision Detection/Channel
Cch Gain
Assignment )
UMTS
WCDMA Uplink (FDD)

Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels
(Layers 3+) (Layer 2) (Layer 1)
Chd Gd
CCCH RACH Data PRACH

Common Control Ch. Random Access Ch. Coding Physical Random Access Ch.
Σ
RACH Control Part
Chc Gc j
Chd Gd
DTCH (packet mode) CPCH Data PCPCH UE

Dedicated Traffic Ch. Common Packet Ch. Coding Physical Common Packet Ch. Scrambling Uplink
Σ Code
RF Out
PCPCH Control Part
I
I+jQ Filter
Chc Gc j I/Q
Σ Filter
Mod.
Chd,1 Gd
Q
CCTrCH DPDCH #1
Chd,3 Gd
DCCH DCH Data
DPDCH #3 (optional)
Dedicated Control Ch. Dedicated Ch. Encoding
Dedicated Physical Data Ch. ΣI
Chd,5 Gd
DTCH DCH Data
Dedicated Ch. DPDCH #5 (optional)
Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1 Encoding M Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
U Chd,2 Gd
X DPDCH #2 (optional) Σ
Chd,4 Gd
DTCH DCH Data DPDCH #4 (optional)

Dedicated Traffic Ch. N Dedicated Ch. Encoding Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
Chd,6 Gd
DPDCH #6 (optional) ΣQ
Chc Gd j
DPCCH
Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
Dedicated Physical Control Ch.
UMTS
Mapping DL Channels
BCCH PCCH CTCH CCCH DCCH DTCH Logical
BCH PCH FACH DCH DSCH transport
P-CCPCH S-CCPCH DPDCH DPCCH PDSCH Physical
UMTS
Mapping UL Channels
CCCH DTCH DCCH Logical
RACH DCH DSCH transport
PRACH DPDCH DPCCH PCPCH Physical
UMTS
Acquisition
• On Power-up, the mobile attempts to find a
channel.
• Node B send s exactly the same 256 chip code in
same slot (Primary SCH)
• Mobile achieves slot level synchronization
• After that, Mobile looks for the 10 msec frame.
• Now Secondary SCH is searched.
• There are 512 possible cell specific scrambling
codes divided in to 32 groups.
• Mobile tries 16 possible codes in parallel.
UMTS
Downlink spreading and modulation

• OVSF codes ensure DL orthogonality even with different rates and
spreading factors for different users
16*2K kbps 3.86 Mcps

cos(ωt)
p(t)
IQ
DPDCH/DPCCH cch cscramb
Mux sin(ωt)
p(t)
cch: Channelization codes (OVSF code, 4-256 chips)

cscramb: Downlink scrambling code (Gold code, 40960 chips)
DPCCH - dedicated packet control channel DPDCH - dedicated packet data channel
UMTS
Uplink Spreading and Modulation

16*2K kbps 3.86 Mcps
cDPDCH cos(ωt)
Re { }
DPDCH I c’scramb c’’scramb p(t)
(optional)
IQ I+jQ
cDPCCH Mux sin(ωt)
DPCCH Q Im { }
p(t)
Additional DPDCHs may be added to either I or Q (multi-code transmission)
cDPDCH, cDPCCH: Channelization codes (OVSF codes, 4-256 chips)

c’scramb: Primary scrambling code (VL Kasami code, 256 chips)
c’’scramb: Secondary scrambling code (Gold code, optional, 40960 chips)
DPCCH - dedicated packet control channel DPDCH - dedicated packet data channel
UMTS
MODULATION
• UTRA uses a base spreading rate of 3.84 Mcps in
5 MHz bandwidth
• Variable data rates are provided
• QPSK Modulation (I and Q components)
• Reverse-link Mapping DPDCH -> I and DPCCH ->
Q.
• Forward-link: DPDCH & DPCCH are time
multiplexed into I & Q components.
UMTS
FDD vs. TDD

• FDD Option allows continuous transmission in
both directions
– requires a paired frequency band
– suited for symmetric bandwidth needs
• TDD Option same carrier frequency is utilized for
uplink/downlink transmission (using time
division)
– works with unpaired frequency band
– suited for asymmetric applications
– easier to obtain spectrum
UMTS
TDD Frame Structure

frequency
10 ms
4.096
Mchip/s
625 µs
time
Figure 1: The TDD frame structure
10 ms
Single-switching-point configuration (symmetric DL/UL allocation)

10 ms
Single-switching-point configuration (asymmetric DL/UL allocation)

Figure 2: TDD frame structure examples
UMTS
References
• “UMTS Networks” by H. Kaaranen et al 2001 chapter 4, 5, 9
•
• http://www.ericsson.com/review/1999_03/files/1999031.pdf
• S. Nanda, et al, “ Adaptation techniques in wireless packet data services”
IEEE communications magazine, January 2000.
• M. Zeng, et al, “ Harmonization of global third generation Mobile systems,”
IEEE communications magazine, December 2000.
UMTS
Reading assignment
• Chapter 5, 6 , 7

Ee8315 Lecture8 Umts 2005 Pa1

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UMTS

Southern Methodist University

EETS 8315 / TC752-N

Lecture 8: UMTS: system and network

Instructor: Dr. Hossam H’mimy, Ericsson Inc.

• Research Programs in Europe

• Chip rate 3.84Mcps

W-CDMA W-CDMA UL MS W-CDMA W-CDMA DL MS

UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

UMTS reference model: R99

• CSCF: responsible for call state control functions, service

UMTS Protocol Stack, user

MAC MAC ATM ATM L2 L2

UMTS Protocol Stack, control

Signaling connection control part

• See section 5.7 of the textbook pp 95-97.

Iub Iub Iub Iub

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Functions of UTRAN Components

– Controlling RNC (CRNC)

– Drift RNC (DRNC)

Functions of UTRAN Components

Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces

• The UTRAN specific protocols include

– Iub interface uses node B application protocol (NBAP).

– transport signalling for mobility and radio resource allocation.

• Iub Interface (RNC <-> Node B)

Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces

Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces

Fully loaded system

The RAKE-receiver principle

• No PC on pilot or some CCCH

• Open Loop Power control (Initially, No signaling)

• Inner Loop Power control UL/DL (fast)

Soft Handover Add/Drop/Replace

Channelization and scrambling codes

Channelization code Scrambling codes SC

Channelization Code tree

Using C4.1 C8.1 = {11111111}

• Complex SC (Downlink) cos ( 2πfRFt)

WCDMA Code Types

Downlink Logical Channels

– BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel)

Uplink Logical Channels

– CCCH (Common Control Channel)

• Dedicated Uplink Logical Channels

Downlink Transport Channels

• Common Downlink Transport Channels

– FACH (Forward Access Channel)

– DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel)

• Dedicated Downlink Transport Channels

Uplink Transport Channels

– Common Uplink Transport Channels

– CPCH Uplink Common Packet Channel

WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels

– P-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Primary)

WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels

• Downlink Indicator Channels

WCDMA Uplink Physical Channels 3GPP TS 25.211

• Common Uplink Physical Channels

• Dedicated Uplink Physical Channels

Common Pilot Channel 3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3

• Downlink CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) (C256,0)