Exercise 3.

1. Find the sum of any two numbers?

(a) odd numbers

(b) even numbers

SOLUTION (a) SOLUTION (b)

e.g. 6 + 3 = 9 e.g. 12 + 14 = 26

2. Write down the prime numbers less than 20.

SOLUTION:

The numbers which are divisible by itself is known as prime numbers. prime numbers which are less
than 20 are,

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19.

3. Write down the composite numbers less than 20.

SOLUTION:

The numbers which are not prime numbers is known as composite numbers. The composite numbers
which are less than 20 are,

4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18.

4. The numbers 31 and 13 are prime numbers. Both these numbers have same digits 1 and 7. Find
such pairs of prime numbers up to 100.

SOLUTION:

(79, 97) (37, 73) (17, 71)

5. Express the following in the form of sum of two odd primes.

SOLUTION:

(a) 24 = 5 + 19

(b) 44 = 7 + 37

(c) 18 = 7 + 11

(d) 36 = 31 + 5

6. Find any three pair of prime numbers whose difference is two.

SOLUTION:

Two prime numbers whose difference is ‘2’ is also called as twin primes or twin prime number.

3 pairs: (41 , 43) ( 73 , 71) (5 , 3)

7. Express the following numbers in the form of sum of three odd primes.

SOLUTION:

(a) 53 = 31 + 3 + 19

(b) 61 = 19 + 11 + 31

(c) 31 = 19 + 5 + 7

8. Write down the 3 pairs of prime numbers which is less than 20 and whose sum is divisible by 5.

SOLUTION:

(*) 17 + 3 = 20 (5 x 4 = 20. It is divisible by 5)

(*) 13 + 2 = 15 (5 x 3 = 15. It is divisible by 5)

(*) 11 + 19 = 30 ( 5 x 6 = 30. It is divisible by 5)

9. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

(a) 1 is neither _____ nor ________.

Answer: (composite, prime)

(b) The number which has only one factor is called _________.

Answer: (prime number)

(c) The smallest composite number is ________.

Answer: (4)

10. TRUE OR FALSE.

(a) The sum of two prime numbers is always even.

Answer: false

e.g. 3 + 2 = 5 (i.e.,) odd

(b) The product of three odd numbers is odd.

Answer: true

5 x 7 x 3 = 105 (i.e.,) odd

(b) The product of two even numbers is always even.

Answer: true

e.g. 2 x 4 = 8 (i.e.) even

6 x 2 = 12 (i.e.) even
Exercise 3.2

1. Find out the common factors of the following.

(a) 28 & 20

(b) 25 & 15

(c) 56 & 120

SOLUTION:

(a) Factors of (20) = 1,10, 20, 2, 4 ,5

Factors of (28) = 7, 14, 28 ,1, 2, 4.

The factors that are common are: 4, 2, 1

(b) Factors of (15) = 1, 15,3, 5

Factors of (25) = 1 ,25,5

The factors that are common are: 1, 5.

(c) Factors of (56) = 1, 14, 28, 56 ,2, 4, 7, 8.

Factors of (120) = 1 ,30 ,40, 10 ,12, 2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,8, 15 ,20 ,24 ,60, 120.

The factors that are common are: 1, 2, 4, 8.

2. Find the numbers (all) which are less than 100 and common multiples of 4 & 3.

SOLUTION:

(a) multiples of 3 = 3, 15, , 6, 9, 12

(b) multiples of 4 = 4 ,8, 12, 16, 20

The Common multiples are = 12, 36, 48,24, 60, 72, 84, 96.

3. From the given numbers, find which numbers are co-prime numbers?

(a) 68 and 17

(b) 16 and 81

(c) 35 and 18

SOLUTION:

(a) 68 and 17

Factors of 68 = 1, 2, 4, 17, 34, 68

Factors of 17 = 1, 17

The factors that are common are : 1 , 17

Since it has common factors other than 1, the above given 2 number is not a co-prime.

(b) 16 and 81

Factors of 16 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16

Factors of 81 = 1, 3, 9, 27, 81

The common factor is 1. Therefore, the given two number is co-prime.

(c) 35 and 18

Factors of 35 = 1, 5, 7, 35

Factors of 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

Common factor is 1. Therefore, the given two number is co-prime.

4. A number is divisible by both 14 and 5. Find the other number that is always divisible.

SOLUTION:

Factors of 5 = 1, 5

Factors of 14 = 1, 2, 7

The common factors of these numbers are 1. Therefore, the given two number is co-prime number and
also the number will be divisible by their product.

5. A number is divisible by 12. Find the other numbers, which are divisible of 12.

SOLUTION:

The factors are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

Therefore, the numbers 1,2,3,4,6 other than 12 by which this number is also divisible.

6. Find the common factors of the following given below:

(a) 4, 8 and 12

(b) 5, 15 and 25

SOLUTION:

(a) 4, 8 and 12

Factors of 4 = 1, 2, 4

Factors of 8 = 1, 2, 4, 8

Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

The common factors are: 1, 2, 4.

(b) 5, 15 and 25
The factors of 5 = 1, 5

The factors of 15 = 1, 3, 5, 15

The factors of 25 = 1, 5, 25

The common factors are: 1 , 5