TEKNOLOGI POLIMER

KELOMPOK 9

ANGGOTA KELOMPOK:

Agung Ramadhan (3334180062)

M Rachmansyah Poetra (3334180063)

Dewi Kusuma Trisnasari (3334180064)

M Mizar Muzakhi (3334180068)

Galuh Zahrothul Fariha (3334180069)

JURUSAN TEKNIK METALURGI

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA

2019
1. Thermal Degradation
Thermal degradation is a process whereby the action of heat or elevated
temperature on a material, product, or assembly causes a loss of properties such as
physical, mechanical, and electrical properties.
Example of Thermal Degradation materials:
 Polypropylene is very susceptible to thermal degradation, even at normal
temperatures and must always be protected against thermal degradation.
Thermal degradation causes chain scission and the reduced chain length
reduces the molecular weight.
 Polyethylenes are also susceptible to thermal degradation and the
resulting chain branching and cross-linking reduces the melt flow and
produces embrittlement and color changes.
 PVC is also very susceptible to thermal degradation, particularly during
processing, and can suffer from extensive property loss if not adequately
protected against thermal degradation during processing.
2. Mechanical Degradation
Mechanical degradation involves the degradation of polymers under mechanical
stresses. The best example for mechanical degradation is during the processing of
polymers. Four major routes determine the mechanical degradation.
Example of Mechanical Degradation:
 regrinding,
 adhesive pressing,
 compression molding, and
 injection molding
3. Chemical Degradation
Chemically assisted degradation of polymers is a type of polymer degradation that
involves a change of the polymer properties due to a chemical reaction with the
polymer’s surroundings. There are many different types of possible chemical reactions
causing degradation however most of these reactions result in the breaking of double
bonds within the polymer structure.
 Example of Chemical Degradation:
 Hydrolysis
 Fluoroelastomer
 Klor-Induced Cracking
4. Photodegradation
Photodegradation is a major degradation pathway for several antibiotic groups
including the fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines where half-lives may be only a few
hours. Photodegradation is degradation of a photodegradable molecule caused by the
absorption of photons, particularly those wavelengths found in sunlight, such as infrared
radiation, visible light, and ultraviolet light.
Example of Photodegradable
 Foodstuffs
 Paints, inks and dyes
 Pesticides and herbicides
 Pharmaceuticals
5. Biodegradation
Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are decomposed by
micro-organisms (mainly aerobic bacteria) into simpler substances such as carbon
dioxide, water and ammonia. The microbial organisms transform the substance through
metabolic or enzymatic processes. It is based on two processes: growth and
cometabolism. In growth, an organic pollutant is used as sole source of carbon and
energy. This process results in a complete degradation (mineralization) of organic
pollutants. Cometabolism is defined as the metabolism of an organic compound in the
presence of a growth substrate that is used as the primary carbon and energy source.
Examples of biodegradable materials often referred to as " bio-waste" include the
following :
1. Human and animal waste.
2. Kitchen waste, like vegetable and fruit peel.
3. Compostable bins and bags made with organic materials