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231120150QBJUNWHPAHSPLFINALREPORTSEIAA (Silk Handloom) PDF
231120150QBJUNWHPAHSPLFINALREPORTSEIAA (Silk Handloom) PDF
FOR
AT
Kilkadhirpur Village, Kanchipuram Taluk & District,
Tamilnadu, India
M/s. C.S and Associates. Pvt. Ltd., M/s. Vimta Labs Limited
Salem, Tamil Nadu Coimbatore / Hyderabad
QCI/NABET Accredited EIA Consultant
Approved by : K. S. Muneeswaran
Signed :
Date : 2015/11/06
This EIA report has been prepared for the purpose of obtaining Environmental
Clearance from SEIAA, Tamil Nadu in line with the ToR issued by SEIAA vide
letter no. SEIAA – TN/F.No.683/M-XXXVI/TOR–111/2012 Dated: 15.04.2013 and
ToR Extension by SEIAA vide letter no. SEIAA-TN/F 683/7(c) and 7(h)/TOR-
EXTN/227/2015 dated 09.10.2015
This report has been prepared by ‘Vimta Labs Limited’ with all reasonable skill,
care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, incorporating
our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the
resources devoted to it by agreement with the client.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed silk park by M/s. Perarignar Anna
Handloom Silk Park Limited at Kilkadhirpur Village, Kanchipuram Taluk & District,
Tamilnadu, India
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
_______________________________________________________________
Chapter # Title Page #
_______________________________________________________________
Preface 3
Table of Contents 5
List of Figures 8
List of Tables 9
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the report 11
1.2 Identification of the project & project proponent 12
1.3 Brief description of the project 12
1.4 Scope of the study 21
LIST OF ANNEXURES
_______________________________________________________________
Annexure # Title
_______________________________________________________________
LIST OF FIGURES
_______________________________________________________________
Figure# Title Page#
_______________________________________________________________
LIST OF TABLES
_______________________________________________________________
Table# Title Page#
_______________________________________________________________
LIST OF TABLES
_______________________________________________________________
Table# Title Page#
_______________________________________________________________
1.0 INTRODUCTION
M/s. Perarignar Anna Handloom Silk Park Limited (herein after referred to as
PAHSPL) proposes to commence an Integrated Hi-tech handloom silk park at S. No.
3/3B, Kilkadhirpur Village, Kanchipuram Taluk of Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu
with state of the art manufacturing facilities for the entire silk value chain for
domestic and export markets. The total plot area of the proposed project is 30.35
ha (75 acres). Estimated total project cost for infrastructure development under this
project is Rs. 266 Crores (Project cost eligible under Scheme for Integrated Textile
Parks (SITP) is Rs. 83.83 Crores). The proposed project also envisages a ZLD-CETP
for handling textile & dyeing effluents generated from the proposed units within the
park.
In order to obtain Environmental Clearance from SEIAA, Tamil Nadu and Consent
for Establishment (CFE) from the Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB),
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report with detailed Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) are essential as per the EIA notification and its subsequent
amendments.
As per the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006, the proposed project falls
under Schedule. No. 7(c) (Industrial estates/parks/complexes/areas, export
processing Zones (EPZs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks, Leather
Complexes & 7(h) (Common Effluent Treatment Plants) and categorized under
‘Category B’. The above stated activity is proposed to be located 1.559 km from
the Palar river.
The project was presented in the 36th TN-SEAC meeting held on 22.02.2013 and
received TOR vide letter No. SEIAA-TN/F.No.683/M-XXXVI/TOR-111/2012 dt.
15.04.2013 (Annexure – 1). In-line with new EIA Notification, this EIA report has
been prepared for the purpose of obtaining exemption order from the State Govt.
exempting this proposed activity from the purview of the G.O. Ms. No. 127, E&F
Dept., dated 8.5.98. .
The objective of REIA is to foresee the potential environmental problems that would
crop up out of proposed silk and address them in the project planning and design
stage.
To review the current environmental status of the project site, and its
surrounding area, to estimate the pollution that would occur after
commissioning the proposed silk park, and its impact on the surrounding
environment
To propose a Post Project Monitoring Plan (PPMP) to ensure that the EMP
achieves its desired objectives
VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore 11
Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed silk park by M/s. Perarignar Anna
Handloom Silk Park Limited at Kilkadhirpur Village, Kanchipuram Taluk & District,
Tamilnadu, India
Chapter-1
Introduction
PAHSPL has availed the services of M/s. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad /
Coimbatore to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies for
assessing the impact of the proposed project on various environmental parameters
in the study area and to prepare an Environment Management Plan for negating
the adverse impacts of the proposed project.
Kanchipuram hosts one among the ancient Silk handloom cluster in India. Its’
past history of weaving rates back to 2nd Century AD. Over the years,
Kanchipuram has emerged as the finest quality silk saree manufacturing centre.
This development led to a number of parallel business activities like
establishment of Silk and Zari market and creation of processing facilities,
predominantly dyeing due to availability of good quality water in abundance from
river Palar on the banks of which Kanchipuram is located.
In other Handloom clusters, due to low productivity and high labor costs products
manufactured on handlooms were losing out to mill-made cloth and their survival
was heavily dependent upon the subsidies given by the central and state
governments. Since the Kanchipuram silk sarees are manufactured in a variety of
designs, for example not more than 10 sarees are woven with the same design,
the sarees cannot be duplicated in the power looms. Unique features like this led
to the development of this cluster.
The proposed Park envisages 115 entrepreneurs to set up units in the park. The
project envisages setting up of Handlooms with Jaquards lifted by modern
pneumatic devices with the required back processes and garmenting units to
enter export markets for saree and garments. It will be a state-of-the-art textile
park with modern plant & machinery together with modern physical and social
infrastructure and would enable the entrepreneurs to produce high value added
products, enhance their productivity and meet international procurement
standards.
TABLE-1.1
PROJECT DETAILS
Proposed Activities:
Proposed construction of factory sheds for
Handloom Weaving, Silk dyeing, Cotton
dyeing & Sizing, Embroidery and
Garmenting
S. No. of Prod. Capacity
Activity
No. plots Qty. UOM
1. 96 Silk loom 22 13500 Running
shed Metres
2. 24 Silk loom 2 /day
shed
3. Silk Dyeing 22 4500 Kg/day
shed
4. Cotton 54 38.5 MT/day
dyeing shed
5. Embroidery 5 1000 Pieces
& /day
Readymades
shed
6. Cotton 10 6500 Kg/day
warping &
sizing sheds
Total 115 -- --
_
Regd. office:
142, IDA, Phase-II,
Cherlapally, Hyderabad-500 051
QCI/NABET Accredited EIA Consultancy
Organization, NABL Accredited, ISO
17025 Certified and MoEF Recognized
Laboratory
The environmental setting of the project is given in Table-1.2. The location map
of the project site is shown in Figure-1.1 and study area map of 10 km radius is
shown in Figure-1.2.
Project site
FIGURE – 1.1
INDEX MAP SHOWING PROPOSED PROJECT SITE
FIGURE-1.2
10 KM STUDY AREA MAP
C
A
B
Site Co-ordinates
A 12° 49’ 51” N 79° 38’ 43” E
E B 12° 49’ 51” N 79° 39’ 12” E
C 12° 49’ 52” N 79° 39’ 13” E
D 12° 49’ 31” N 79° 39’ 11” E
E 12° 49’ 45” N 79° 38’ 49” E
FIGURE-1.3
AERIAL VIEW OF THE PROPOSED SITE
TABLE-1.2
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
The area falling within 10 km radius from the proposed silk park is defined as the
study area. The scope of this study broadly includes:
To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area;
Establishing the baseline environmental aspects in and around the proposed
site;
Identifying various existing pollution loads due to various activities;
Predicting incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the
proposed project;
Evaluating the predicted impacts on various environmental attributes in the
study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted
Environmental Impact Assessment methodologies;
To prepare an Environment Management Plan (EMP), outlining the measures
for improving the environmental quality in view of future expansion for
environmentally sustainable development; and
Identifying critical environmental attributes that are required to be monitored
in the post-project scenario.
TABLE-1.3
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING
2.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter highlights the factors supporting the selected site, features of the
proposed Silk Park site with layout, process details, utilities and services,
infrastructural facilities and sources of waste generation details and proposed
measures for safe disposal of the waste.
The proposed project is a silk park with facilities for manufacture of Silk sarees
and other products like Silk Dress material, Cotton processing etc.. The silk park
is proposed to be developed in 30.35 ha area in keeping with the need for
developing common facilities and also making provision for establishing individual
industrial units by prospective entrepreneurs. The location and environmental
setting of the proposed project site is already presented in Chapter-1 of this
report.
ii. To enable weavers and saree manufacturers upgrade their machinery in order
to manufacture high-quality sarees and Garments conforming to International
standards.
iii. To avail the opportunity of post quota regime and prepare the Textile Industry
face the emerging realities of global competition.
The benefits of Schemes for Integrated Textile Park (SITP) and the Modified
Technology Up gradation Fund Scheme of Ministry of Textiles (GoI) are expected
to enable the members of the park to achieve the goal for manufacturing quality
fabrics, garments, Home furnishings and value added finished fabrics conforming
to international standards at globally competitive prices.
Kanchipuram is one among the oldest Silk handloom cluster in the country. The
history of weaving is from 2nd Century AD, over the years, Kanchipuram has
emerged as the fine quality silk handloom saree manufacturing centre. This
development led to a number of parallel business activities like establishment of
Silk market and creation of processing facilities, predominantly dyeing due to
availability of good quality water in abundance from river Palar on the banks of
which Kanchipuram is located.
In other Handloom clusters, due to low productivity and high labor costs products
manufactured on handlooms were losing out to mill-made cloth and their survival
was heavily dependent upon the subsidies given by the central and state
governments. Since the kanchipuram silk sarees are manufactured in a variety of
designs, for example not more than 10 sarees are woven with the same design,
the sarees cannot be duplicated in the power looms. Unique features like this led
to the development of this cluster.
Non-tariff trade and regulatory barriers like compliances with stringent quality,
environment, occupational health and safety and social standards are also
impeding the ability of the existing textile businesses in Kanchipuram to exploit
international market opportunities.
The entire process wastewater generated from the proposed park along with the
dyeing effluents will be treated in an Integrated ZLD-CETP with two modules of
effluent treatment system and a common sewage treatment plant. Cotton yarn
dyeing effluent & sizing effluent will be treated in ETP (Module – 1) whereas, the
silk yarn dyeing effluent will be treated in ETP (Module – 2) and the domestic
sewage will be treated in a common STP.
TABLE-2.1
DETAILS OF PROPOSED LAND USE
Area
Sr. No. Particulars
ha (%)
1. Factory buildings footprint 5.50 18.12
2. OSR area 3.05 10.05
Common Facilities (STP, TNEB, WBRIG,
3. 2.76 9.09
Museum & OHT)
4. Parking area 0.41 1.35
5. Road area 6.96 22.93
6. Greenbelt & Landscaping 10.72 35.32
Hazardous waste storage area
7. 0.95 3.13
(CETP Sludge)
Total plot area 30.35 100.0
TABLE-2.2
RAW MATERIALS / PRODUCTION DETAILS
T/m or
Name of the raw
S. No. Quantity KL/m or Principal use
material
Nos./m
CETP Chemicals
1. Ferrous sulphate 23.0 T/m Coagulant
2. Lime 46.0 T/m Neutralisation
3. Membrane clean 0.1 KL/month Neutralisation
chemicals (Conc.
H2SO4)
4. Flocculants 0.1 T/m Flocculation
Activity to be Prod. Capacity / day
Operating
S. No. carried by Member Plots
units Qty. UOM
units
1. 96 Silk loom shed 22 22 13500 Running
2. 24 Silk loom shed 2 2 Metres/
day
3. Silk Dyeing shed 22 16 4500 Kg/day
4. Cotton dyeing shed 54 30 38.5 MT/day
5. Embroidery & 5 5 1000 Pieces/
Readymades day
6. Cotton warping & 10 10 6500 Kg/day
sizing sheds
Total 115 85 -- --
FIGURE-2.1
PROCESS FLOW CHART
Before the raw silk is woven into fabric, it goes through a series of operations
which conditions/prepares for the loom. The series of preliminary preparatory
processes involved for which the following machineries are required.
Winding
The main functions of winding are to put the yarn in a long continuous length to
suit later processes and also to eliminate imperfections such as slubs, seak
places, dirt and so on.
Doubling
The object of doubling is to double the individual threads. Doubling avoids
unevenness and the strength of doubled yarn is correspondingly better than the
single thread.
Twisting
Rewinding
Re-winding machine is practically like winding machine. Its production capacity is
more, since normally double yarn is wound on this. If two ply yarn is re-wound,
production rate would be more than two times as compared to winding machine.
Warping
In silk weaving, normally sectional warping is followed because of the fine denier
of silk thread and consequently higher number of ends required. Warping
machine mainly consists of two parts (I) Warping creel (II) Warping drum.
Pirn Winding
Pirn winding is necessary to prepare weft yarn. Pirns or bobbins are prepared in
the traditional way at weaver’s end.
The dyeing is the colouring of a yarn or textile by the chemical bonding of the dye
with the fibres.
Dye is a water soluble, transparent colouring agent that saturates and bonds with
the fibre of the cloth / yarn. Direct dye also known as hot-water dye can be used
with hot water and requires no leveling or exhausting agents. It is convenient but
lacks in light fastness and wash fastness. Acid dyes are the best for solid colour
dyeing of silk and others of protein origin.
These powdered dyes are intended for tub-dyeing and require very hot water to
dye effectively. Hence indirect steam is used. Vinegar, citric acid or acetic acid is
also used. Acid dyes are very economical, as they react fast, exhaust well and the
results are very permanent-light and wash fast. For tub-dyeing this is the best
dye. The colour depends on the temperature, the quantity of dye used, time, and
quantity of yarn. Acetic acid changes the pH of the dye bath, making it mildly
acidic, which causes the colour to strike on the yarn.
The process
Common forms are the package form and the hanks form. Cotton yarns are
mostly dyed at package form, and acrylic or wool yarn are dyed at hank form. In
the continuous filament industry, polyester or polyamide yarns are always dyed
at package form, while viscose rayon yarns are partly dyed at hank form because
of technology.
The common dyeing process of cotton yarn with reactive dyes at package form is
as follows:
The raw yarn is wound on a spring tube to achieve a package suitable for
dye penetration.
These softened packages are loaded on a dyeing carrier's spindle one on
another.
The packages are pressed up to a desired height to achieve suitable
density of packing.
The carrier is loaded on the dyeing machine and the yarn is dyed.
After dyeing, the packages are unloaded from the carrier into a trolly.
Now the trolly is taken to hydro extractor where water is removed.
The packages are hydro extracted to remove the maximum amount of
water leaving the desired color into raw yarn.
The packages are then dried to achieve the final dyed package.
After this process, the dyed yarn packages are packed and delivered. If things go
wrong in the dyeing process, the dye already applied is removed by a process
called "stripping". This normally means destroying the dye with powerful reducing
agents such as sodium hydrosulphite or oxidizing agents such as hydrogen
peroxide or sodium hypochlorite. The process often risks damaging the substrate
(fiber). Where possible, it is often less risky to dye the material a darker shade,
with black often being the easiest or last option.
The dyed warp received from the dyer is spread on pole stands and checked for
entanglements, number of ends, leases etc. and taken to the raised pit loom. Part
of warp is again spread, drawn through the mail eyes of the harness - set. The
rest of the warp is tied and released as weaving proceeds and would be spread
and used after the 1st portion of warp has been woven into saree.
By operating the treadle levers (by legs), connected to the jacquards, the
handloom weaver is able to create required shed or opening through which
shuttle carrying the weft yarn is inserted.
The lifting order of warp threads, to create the required design, is again decided
by the chain of punched cards loaded on to the Jacquards. That is to say, the
punched card will decide the sequence of lifting of warp threads by the Jacquard.
To ease the strain on the weaver to physically lift the threads by operating the
Jacquard by the legs, assistance is envisaged by the introduction of a pneumatic
cylinder operated by air which will function to take up the Jacquard knives
carrying the selected hooks, in turn lifting the desired warp threads and create a
“shed.”
In conjunction with the operation of Jacquard in the above said manner, the
weaver throws the shuttle carrying the weft on pirn, into the shed, full width or
partial(as per design requirement) and catch the shuttle on the other side of the
shed, laying the weft yarn in the process(to the desired extent of width of fabric).
Now, the weaver will bang or beat-up the sley carrying the reed to make the
inserted weft yarn to form a part of the fabric.
The process of shedding (by operating the Jacquard), picking (throwing the weft
yarn into the open shed), and beat-up (banging or moving the laid weft yarn in
the shed to form part of the fabric) constitute the primary functions of fabric
forming by the weaving process. These operations are repeated again and again
to complete the fabric.
In between, the weaver does a host of secondary, ancillary functions and checks
like, manually winds up the fabric in the front, loosens the tied warp as per
required tension in warp, removes potential entanglements, and ensures the
correct functioning of Jacquard and the loom so that the motifs are woven exactly
as per the overall design.
The complex multi-functional nature of hand loom weaving is an art and calls for
high skill and attentiveness on the part of the weaver, to produce exquisite fault-
free designs.
2.2.5 Garmenting
Receiving Fabrics
Garment factories receive fabric from textile manufacturers in large bolts with
cardboard or plastic center tubes or in piles or bags. The fabric typically arrives in
steel commercial shipping containers and is unloaded with a forklift. Garment
factories often have a warehouse or dedicated area to store fabric between arrival
and manufacturing.
Fabric Relaxing
“Relaxing” refers to the process that allows material to relax and contract prior to
being manufactured. This step is necessary because the material is continually
under tension throughout the various stages of the textile manufacturing process,
including weaving, dyeing, and other finishing processes. The relaxing process
allows fabrics to shrink so that further shrinkage during customer use is
minimized.
Many garment manufacturers will also integrate quality assurance into this
process to ensure that the quality of the fabric meets customer standards. This
step is performed by manually spot-checking each bolt of fabric using a backlit
surface to identify manufacturing defects such as color inconsistency or flaws in
the material. Fabrics that fail to meet customer standards are returned to the
textile manufacturer.
After fabric has been relaxed, it is transferred to the spreading and cutting area
of the garment manufacturing facility.
The fabric is first cut into uniform plies and then spread either manually or using
a computer-controlled system in preparation for the cutting process. Fabric is
spread to:
The number of plies in each spread is dependent on the fabric type, spreading
method, cutting equipment, and size of the garment order. Next, garment
forms—or patterns—are laid out on top of the spread, either manually or
programmed into an automated cutting system. Lastly, the fabric is cut to the
shape of the garment forms using either manually operated cutting equipment or
a computerized cutting system.
Embroidery and screen printing are two processes that occur only if directly
specified by the customer; therefore, these processes are commonly
subcontracted to off-site facilities. Embroidery is performed using automated
equipment, often with many machines concurrently embroidering the same
pattern on multiple garments. Each production line may include between 10 and
20 embroidery stations. Customers may request embroidery to put logos or other
embellishments on garments.
Sewing
Garments are sewn in an assembly line, with the garment becoming more
complete as it progresses down the sewing line. Sewing machine operators
receive a bundle of cut fabric and repeatedly sew the same portion of the
garment, passing that completed portion to the next operator. For example, the
first operator may sew the collar to the body of the garment and the next
operator may sew a sleeve to the body. Quality assurance is performed at the
end of the sewing line to ensure that the garment has been properly assembled
and that no manufacturing defects exist. When needed, the garment will be
reworked or mended at designated sewing stations. This labor-intensive process
progressively transforms pieces of fabric into designer garments.
Some customers request that a garment be fully laundered after it is sewn and
assembled; therefore, garment factories often have an on-site laundry or have
subcontract agreements with off-site laundry operations. Commercial laundry
facilities are equipped with at least three types of machines: washers, spinners,
and dryers. Some facilities also have the capability to perform special treatments,
such as stone- or acid-washing.
Ironing
In the last steps of making a product retail-ready, garments are folded, tagged,
sized, and packaged according to customer specifications. Also, garments may be
placed in protective plastic bags, either manually or using an automated system,
to ensure that the material stays clean and pressed during shipping. Lastly,
garments are placed in cardboard boxes and shipped to client distribution centers
to eventually be sold in retail
The major raw materials required for the park are Raw silk, zari and dyeing
chemicals. Traditionally the required raw silk is sourced from Bengaluru and
nowadays from Dharmapuri, the entire zari was earlier sourced from Gujarat now
Tamilnadu government has started one zari manufacturing unit – Tamilnadu Zari
Limited to cater to the needs of the handloom units in Kanchipuram, hence there
is absolutely no difficulty for the units proposed to be located in the Park to
procure their requirements of raw material.
The total plot area of the project is 30.35 ha (75 acres), which will be developed
in single phase. The facility is designed so as to suit the climate in Kanchipuram
and fit well into the surroundings. The criterion for design was to create a
sustainable process with value engineering and to achieve this without
extravagant expenditure.
The design concept considered for the proposed project is described below:
The Master Plan is developed in concern with the climatic factors and site
conditions. The proposed Master Plan for the PAHSPL is based on the industry
processes, analysis of the site, assessment of the immediate surrounding and
understanding the requirement of the individual units and is aimed at finalising
the physical placement of the industries, ascertaining the location and level of
infrastructure (physical & social) and determining the inter and intra circulation.
The Topography of the site is plain and red soil with good safe bearing capacity.
No electricity High Tension lines are passing through the site. The climate of the
region is generally not too hot at summer and during winters it is very cool and
pleasant. The region experiences rainfall during the south west monsoon. The site
indicating levels and contours is shown in Figure-2.3 and the master plan is
shown in Figure-2.4.
Infrastructure Availability
Water
The proposed Borewell Water sources at site are suitable for domestic and
industrial purposes.
Power
The Power is proposed from the grid of the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board through
the existing high tension line located at a distance of 1.0 km from the proposed
site.
FIGURE-2.2
CONTOUR MAP
Biosludge
storage area
FIGURE-2.3
MASTER PLAN
Telecommunication
Telecommunication infrastructure would not be a constraint due to the presence
of major telecom players in the area.
Planning concept
The Park is planned as an ecofriendly park which would treat and reuse all
types of sewage/effluent generated by the industrial units to the permissible
standard as per the norms of the Tamilnadu State Pollution Control Board
Apart from locating the industrial units, the Park proposes to have the
requisite physical and social infrastructure to cater to the needs of the
industries as well as the workers respectively
The Master Plan is guided by the applicable development guidelines of the
Town & Country Planning Department, Govt. of Tamilnadu
Providing good landscape view using the site contour is an important factor
that is considered for the master planning.
Master plan
Since the linear road would act as the lifeline of the Park, it has been kept
wide enough (24m) to cater to the needs of the entire Park and offer good
ambience with green trees on both sides. The road has been punctuated with
a green recreational space at common facility in the middle.
Sector specific Parks have an edge over normal industrial estates in terms of
physical infrastructure, common utilities and social infrastructure and this
concept has been fully exploited in working out the components of the Park
and also during the master planning process.
The design brief specifies provision of all plots with supporting physical and
common infrastructure. Various infrastructure components planned in the Park
are presented in the Table 2.3.
TABLE-2.3
COMPONENTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE
Development Guidelines
All development guidelines prescribed by Town & Country Planning have been
followed for development of the Master plan as described below
Common Plot
i. Minimum size of the common plot shall be 450 sq.m with no sides less than 4
metres exclusive of approaches, margins and no projection shall be permitted
in common plot.
ii. No construction shall be permitted in the common plot. Only electric
substation, overhead water tank, underground water tank, watchman room,
community hall for occupier of respective sub plots or tenements or flats, tube
well and rain water recharge well shall be permitted subject to margin as per
this regulations and maximum 15% of respective common plot area
Weaving – II
2 plots of 702 sq.m (7560 sq.ft.) plot area/shed with 42.85% ground coverage
for 24 loom sheds.
Warping
6 plots of 879.97 sq.m (9472 sq.ft.) plot area/shed & 4 plots of 989.97 sq.m
(10656 sq.ft.) plot area/shed with 54.9% & 52.7% ground coverage respectively.
Garmenting
5 plots of 501.67 sq.m (5400 sq.ft.) plot area/shed with ground coverage of
49.3%
Dyeing
76 plots with ground coverage varying from 44.0% to 47.96%
Applicable norms, best practices and standards for area allocation, parking, fire
safety, public facilities etc. have been considered while designing the layout for
factory sheds
The products to be manufactured in the units include silk sarees, fabrics, home
furnishing and silk garments. The work area shall be planned according to the
loom sizes for handlooms. Typically, each building shall be conceived in three
parts - the weaving shed, area for ancillary equipments like office and store,
checking, etc.. The weaving shed shall be provided with a steel trussed roof,
while the envelope for the ancillary equipments will be a concrete structure. The
height of the weaving shed is proposed to be at 5.5 metres (truss bottom) and
the R.C.C structure to match the roof truss bottom
Adequate fire exits shall be provided as per regulations along the beam allies.
Maximum daylight provision during the day through windows in the envelope
walls and well distributed lighting in the factory ceiling for nights would be
incorporated in the design to provide a 24 x 7 working environment. Typical
layout plans of the proposed factory shed buildings are presented as Figures.
The Factory plots have been designed with average ground coverage of 40%
within plot area and 18.12% of the total site area; remaining area shall be kept
vacant and for developing greenbelt to provide an appropriate density of built
mass to the whole site. Appropriate setbacks for entry of emergency services like
fire tender, Spaces allocation for following activities shall be done in the shed.
Weaving department.
Administrative office.
Loading and unloading deck.
Electrical room.
Storage space for raw material and finished goods
Storage space for tools
Space for fabric inspection
Maintenance room
Toilet
Parking spaces
TABLE-2.4
SHED AREAS
Plot Area of
Sr. No. of
Details area/shed shed
No. sheds
(Sq.m) (Sq.m)
1. 24 Silk loom shed 702.34 2 301.01
2. 96 Silk loom shed 3701.25 22 1384.63
3. Silk dyeing shed
i. Type 1 (2 in 1) 752.51 2 199.40
ii. Type 2 501.67 13 226.87
iii. Type 3 (5 in 1) 1672.25 1 735.79
4. Cotton dyeing shed
i. Type 1 551.84 7 240.61
ii. Type 2 501.68 5 240.61
iii. Type 2 (2 in 1) 501.68 8 481.23
iv. Type 2 (3 in 1) 501.68 1 721.86
v. Type 2 (4 in 1) 501.68 1 962.48
vi. Type 2 (5 in 1) 501.68 1 1203.09
vii. Type 3 602.01 2 273.13
viii. Type 3 (2 in 1) 602.01 4 546.27
ix. Type 4 627.10 1 1196.59
5. Embroidery shed 501.67 3 247.49
6. Readymade shed 501.67 2 247.49
7. Cotton sizing shed
i. Type 1 989.97 4 521.74
ii. Type 2 879.97 4 483.09
iii. Type 3 879.97 2 966.19
8. Admin, R & D, Office, Testing & Training 6406.44 1102.09
9. Canteen 1468.29 700.10
10. Crèche / dispensary 2281.23 1116.21
11. Warehouse 3591.3 1795.65
12. Worker’s hostel 3007.52 1154.00
Total -- 85 --
The latest version of seismic zoning map of India given in the earthquake
resistant design code of India [IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002] which assigns four levels of
seismicity for India in terms of zone factors. In other words, the earthquake
zoning map of India divides India into 4 seismic zones (Zone II, III, IV and V)
unlike its previous version which consisted of five or six zones for the country.
According to the present zoning map, Zone 5 expects the highest level of
seismicity whereas Zone 2 is associated with the lowest level of seismicity. The
proposed site falls under Zone III. This zone is classified as Moderate Damage
Risk Zone which is liable to MSK VII and also 7.8. The IS code assigns a zone
factor of 0.16 for Zone III. The entire construction activity of the proposed
project will be considered as per the guidelines of IS: 1893:2002.
The Land identified for the park is barren land, which requires excavation/cutting,
filling and leveling at different places. The development of the land also includes
making the atmosphere with lot of greenery with plantation experts. This work
shall consist of cutting, removing and disposing of all materials such as trees,
bushes, shrubs, stumps, roots, grass, weeds, top organic soil, rubbish etc., from
the area of works. The task shall include necessary blasting, excavation,
backfilling of pits resulting from uprooting of trees and stumps to require
compaction, handling, salvaging, and disposal of cleared materials etc. All
excavations below the general ground level arising out of the removal of trees,
stumps, etc., shall be filled with suitable material and compacted thoroughly so
as to make the surface of these points conform to the surrounding area. Similarly
all branches of trees extending above the roadway shall be trimmed.
Compound wall running 2500 m with 2.25 m height by way of hollow blocks and
with Barbed wire Top fencing all along the border of the park is required to secure
the assets within the park and to prevent encroachment. A security post shall also
be provided for controlled entry and exit to the Park.
Proposed Roads
The Roads inside the park would be 24.0 m and 15.0 m wide with the branch
roads 12 and 10 m wide.
The roads will be laid to with stand heavy carriage trucks and 40’ container trucks
and wide enough to negotiate the curves and turns. The Total length of the roads
will be approximately 5000 m running along with trees planted on both the sides.
TABLE-2.5
DETAILS OF ROAD NETWORK
Rain water drainage channels provided at both sides of the road would collect the
rain water in the proposed collection and storage tank. In addition every loom
shed would have rain water harvesting system. The natural drainage pattern of
the site is distinctly planned towards south-West direction.
The entire storm water drainage system for the Park has been planned utilizing
the natural slopes for an economical design with an integrated rainwater
harvesting system.
The rain fall run-off from plots/units, and other covered areas into catch basin
connected to branch drain, laid along the road adjacent property line. The branch
drain carries the water into lateral, which in turn carries it to the trunk drain. The
rainwater from open spaces and from isolated places, flow over the ground
following the natural slope and get into the nearest drain through the vertical
grating. As a camber of 2.5’ on the pavement is provided, the runoff from the
ROW shall flow towards the drains provided on either side of road
The drains have been designed as the rectangular drain with R.R. Masonry work
and plaster on it. It will have cement concrete floor and RCC pre-cast cover slabs
for providing easy maintenance. For road crossings, culverts of R.C.C. pipes class
NP3 as per IS: 458 shall be provided. In certain cases where discharge is high,
R.C.C. Box culvert has been considered.
Total length of internal storm water drains is about 4800 mtrs. The storm water
drainage is integrated with the rain water harvesting facilities.
FIGURE – 2.4
STORM WATER NETWORK
The first flush shall be checked from entering collection system, using diversion
valves to ensure that runoff from the first spell of rain is flushed out and does not
enter the system. This needs to be done since the first spell of rain carries a
relatively larger amount of pollutants from the air and catchment surface.
Rainwater from paved and roof areas will be collected through rainwater
collection mechanism and stored for utilization within the project area. The
rainwater from landscaped, paved area and rest of the area within project
premises will be harvested to ground through rainwater recharge pits. The
overflow from the pits will be connected to storm water drainage system of the
project area.
Run off from the proposed project site is calculated using rational formula:
Q=CxIxA
Where,
Q= Run-off (m3/hr)
A= Catchment Area (Roof area – 5.50 ha, Landscaped area & OSR Area –
13.77 ha - Road & parking area – 7.37 ha)
C= Coefficient of Run-off (0.9, 0.3 & 0.7 respectively)
I = Intensity of rainfall = 21.66 mm/day or 0.021 m/day (assumed)
Thus,
The run-off from the roof areas shall be separately piped to an underground
collection tank, after duly filtering the same. This water is proposed to be used as
domestic water after necessary primary treatment. 7 Nos. of UG tanks, each of
capacity 100 m3 is proposed, with upstream filters.
The total calculated peak run-off from landscaped areas and roads & other areas
are 1951 m3/day, i.e. 81 m3/hr in total. This run-off is proposed to be channelized
through storm water drains to individual recharge pits and the rainwater will be
re-charged into underground aquifers.
About 160 nos. of recharge pits will be provided all along the periphery for
harvesting rainwater run-off.
The total water requirement of the proposed project will be 4542 KLD, which is
detailed in section 2.4. of this chapter. The daily fresh water requirement for both
process and domestic will be met from the proposed borewells within plant site
after obtaining necessary approval from CGWA and treated water recycling. The
location of bore wells shall be determined after a detailed hydro – geological
investigation. Water drawn from the bore wells shall be collected in two
underground sumps having storage capacity 1.5 lacs litre each. The fresh water
will be subjected to Quartz filter and RO treatment and pumped to the overhead
tank of capacity 3 Lac litres. The net storage capacity of the park has been
designed for more than 2 days.
Design Criteria
Following criteria have been considered while designing the height of overhead
tanks and the distribution system:
ii. The distribution network is planned on the basis of closed loops, so that a
specific pocket gets water from two or three points, thus ensuring that the
entire distribution system will not be affected in case one pipe is under repair.
TABLE-2.6
PARAMETERS CONSIDERED FOR DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
For the choice of pipe material, three options i.e. CI, GI and PVC pipes were
considered. Weighing the pros and cons of the above alternatives and after a
thorough evaluation of the same, G.I pipes have been selected since these pipes
have better mechanical properties, better load and impact higher flexibility,
speedy laying and easier handling and transportation as compared to C.I. pipes.
Fire Hydrant
External fire hydrant, double outlet, stand post type, as per IS-908 will be
provided to main water supply distribution lines at strategic locations as per
requirement. Fire brigade inlet connections and draw off connections shall be
provided into the distribution system at water works site.
Appurtenances
Following appurtenances shall be provided with pipes for water supply system -
Air Release Valves, Scour Valves, Butterfly valves / Sluice Valves, Pressure
reducing valves. Anchor block/ thrust blocks, Water level indicators in Overhead
reservoirs
The water from the OHT will be conveyed by gravity through pipes to the
individual industries & common facilities. The water demand for the Park includes
all forms of water use such as water required for processing units (make up
water), water required for workers, commercial use, landscaping and fire-fighting
uses.
FIGURE – 2.5
PIPELINE LAYOUT
The Park would source its power requirement from TANGEDCO. In addition the
park proposes to install standby DG sets of 4 nos. x 500 kVA capacity. The Power
requirements of the units operating in the park are as well as common facilities
and services and cost required for power generation and distribution have been
worked out on the basis of installed capacity of the looms and other Machinery in
individual units, common Facilities and Infrastructure. The total power demand
for the proposed facilities is 17.3 MVA
The proposed electrical distribution system will receive 22 kV High Tension power
from TANGEDCO in a double pole structure located near the entrance of the park.
The power thus received will be transmitted to the sub-station by Underground
HT cable, the High tension power (22,000 V) will be converted to Low Tension
(415V) using transformers. The converted Low Tension power will be distributed
to the common buildings and common effluent treatment plant. The loom units
and dyeing units will obtain power from TANGEDCO as per their requirements
individually.
Telecom Facilities have been envisaged for a two way communication with in the
Park. As the Park would be spread over 30.35 ha, it is necessary to have a
communication network. The type of cables laid shall be compatible for voice/data
transmission, internet and video conferencing. The park will be equipped with
wireless data communication network to enable seamless flow of data and for
accessing internet.
Broad band Facilities shall be provided at the service office to enable the
beneficiaries to access latest developments and for business communication, etc.
Design Criteria
Power supply to road lighting system shall be fed through underground PVC
insulated, armoured, aluminum conductor cables.
Distribution of power shall be through 415V, 3 Phase 4 wire system and
controlled through a self-powered synchronous timer.
Power supply for road lighting system shall be made available from the
proposed LT pillar boxes located at various places in the entire complex.
Details and cost of the street lighting network are presented in the Tables
below and layout of Electrical Distribution network is presented under :
TABLE-2.7
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM
10 & 12 m
Sr.No. Description 15 & 24 m ROW
ROW
1. Pole Arrangement Single arm Pole Single arm pole on
one side of the Road
2. Type of lightning fixtures 250W, HPSV lamp 150W, HPSV Lamp
In order to meet committed delivery dates of the products and because of the
frequent load shedding scenario now prevailing in the state a secondary source of
power in the form of Diesel Generator is required.
The proposed standby power system will consist of 4 nos. of 500 kVA diesel
generator sets each with an output voltage of 415 V, 3 Phase 50 Hz.
TABLE-2.8
THE SPECIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED STANDBY SYSTEM
Parameter Value
Rated Capacity 500 kVA
Type of Cooling Water Cooled
Rating Continuous
Governor Type Electronic
Confirming Standard ISO 3046 / BS 5514
Enclosure Acoustic, Approved by CPCB
Alternator
Insulation Class H
Output Voltage 415 V
Phases 3 Phase, 4 wire
Confirming Standard IS: 4722/BS: 5000/IEC: 60034
The proposed silk park will be developed while adopting the best available
technology and usage of raw materials with appropriate specifications. The
required building materials of the proposed project are presented in Table-2.9.
TABLE-2.9
BUILDING MATERIAL REQUIREMENT
Sr. Mode of
Raw Material Quantity Source
No. Transportation
1. Cement 2,50,000 bags Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
2. Steel Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
(a) R.C.Steel 3,500 MT
(b) Structural Steel 9840 MT
3. Jelly – 20 MM 5,000 m3 Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
4. Jelly – 12.5 MM 5,000 m3 Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
5. Jelly – 40 MM 20,000 m3 Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
(Including road works)
6. Size – Stone 2,500 m3 Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
7. Chamber Bricks 50,00,000 m3 Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
(230 x 115 x 75 mm)
8. Soling Stone 10,000 m3 Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
9. Sand 15,000 m3 Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
10. Filling Earth 50,000 m3 Local Suppliers Closed Trucks
2.4.2 Manpower
TABLE-2.10
MANPOWER BREAK-UP
The total water requirement of the proposed project is 4542 KLD. Out of which
792.0 KLD will be fresh water which will be met from the proposed borewells
within plant site after obtaining necessary approval from CGWA and the rest will
be met by recycling treated water. The trade effluent generated from the process
will be treated in the proposed Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs). The
domestic sewage (392 KLD) generated from the project will be treated in a
Common STP. The usable treated wastewater from CETPs of 3467 KLD will be
reused for process requirement. Treated wastewater from CSTP (392 KLD) will be
reused for toilet flushing (175 KLD) and the rest will be used for greenbelt &
landscape maintenance (217.0 KLD). The breakup of the estimated water
requirement is presented in Table - 2.11 & Figure – 2.7.
TABLE-2.11
DETAILS OF WATER REQUIREMENT
FIGURE-2.6
WATER BALANCE
VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore 52
Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed silk park by M/s. Perarignar Anna
Handloom Silk Park Limited at Kilkadhirpur Village, Kanchipuram Taluk & District,
Tamilnadu, India
Chapter-2
Project Description
The total power demand for the proposed silk park is 17.3 MVA, which will be sourced
from Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (TANGEDCO). 100 KVA of
solar power will be installed for common area lighting purposes.
TABLE-2.12
DETAILS OF FUEL REQUIREMENT
Sewage generation
The sewage / effluent generation from the Park shall include industrial effluent,
domestic wastewater as well as the sewage/effluent from Common Facilities
proposed in the park. The estimated waste water generation from the Park is
presented in Table 2.13.
TABLE-2.13
DETAILS OF SEWAGE / EFFLUENT GENERATION
have been provided on both sides of the road keeping in mind the operation and
maintenance convenience. Total length of sewage conveyance pipes is 4500 m.
A Common Sewage Treatment Plant (CSTP) of 500 KLD capacity is proposed in
the Park. The design of STP has been carried out following the discharge
standards laid down by TNPCB for disposal into surface water.
The sewage generated from the unit will undergo the following treatment
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment and
Tertiary treatment
Primary Treatment
Screening
Screener separates coarse & medium fine solids at the inlet. This is the process
which is a predetermined stage where escaping of solids is completely avoided,
whereby clogging of pumps & machinery in subsequent stages is avoided. The
collected wastes are disposed periodically and the screener which is attached with
brush is automatically cleaned. The screening equipment is controlled by pre-set
time switches/level sensors.
Neutralization
Secondary Treatment
Biological System
COD & BOD reduction happens in biological, due to the presence of biomass,
which breaks the chemical properties of the raw effluent. 50- 60 % of colour
reduction happens in biological system. The system operates at a retention time
of 24 hours. The appropriate FM ratio is been maintained here. The blower which
is supplying air to the Disc Diffuser System is been operated automatically, based
on the online DO meter. Fine bubble aerated disc diffusers are designed as per
the inlet BOD is been installed, to provide the necessary oxygen for the bacteria
at a level of 2 PPM – dissolved Oxygen.
FIGURE-2.7
COMMON SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (500 KLD)
Effectiveness of the Biological system depends upon the De-sludge factor from
the Biological tank. BELT PRESS is installed to remove the sludge from biological
process and to maintain MLSS 5-6 g/l at FM ratio 0.05 to 0.07 for better
performance. Submersible flow mixers are also added, to keep moving the
effluent to avoid anaerobic reaction, sludge sedimentation & odour. 24 hrs of
retention time.
Clarifier
It clarifies and segregates the clear water from the biological tank and sediments
the activated sludge. The clear water overflows and moves to Filtration section.
The sediment sludge is removed through pumping and fed into biological tank, for
bacterial development. Retention time of 8 hours is maintained. Turbidity
reduction occurs at the outlet of clarifier.
Sludge recycling
Sludge extracted from Clarifier is pumped again to biological process, for bacterial
development. The sludge recycling must be regulated in such a way, to achieve a
sludge quantity in the recycling stream. The sludge recycle flow normally
maintained 1:1 ratio. The excess sludge water will be sent to Belt Press, for Solid
Sludge Cakes.
Tertiary Treatment
Sand filter
Suspended solids from the water coming from Biological system is been removed
here through a Sand Bed in the filter. The filtering nozzles are made of
polypropylene and the diameter of their holes is normally 0.25 mm, i.e. smaller
than the diameter of the smallest sand grain. Filtered solids are removed by
Backwashing which is done with both Air and Water with pressure of 50 m3/hr
and velocity of 6-7 m/hr respectively. The efficiency of this type of filter can
achieve 60-100 micron.
Ultra Filtration
Ultra filtration filters the solids particles up to 0.2 micron. Reduction of Suspended
solids level and colloidal particles is achieved here by capillary membranes. The
Scaling of solids in the membranes is been removed by Backwash process which
is done automatically. The permeate recovered is fed to UV treatment and sent
for GARDENING & FLUSHING. The backwash water is fed back to Biological
System.
UV Treatment
Biological treated water after Ultra Filtration sent to UV to kill bacteria and viruses
and re used for gardening and flushing.
TABLE 2.14
CHARACTERISTICS OF INLET AND OUTLET FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT
In smaller roads also, effluent conveyance lines have been provided on both sides
of the road keeping in mind the operation and maintenance convenience. Total
length of effluent conveyance pipes is 2500 m. The design of CETP has been
carried out following the Zero discharge standards laid down by TNPCB.
CETP – I for Cotton yarn dyeing & sizing units – 3200.0 KLD
CETP – II for Silk Yarn Dyeing Units – 450.0 KLD
Common Effluent Treatment Plant for cotton yarn dyeing & sizing unit
And the product water from secondary & tertiary treatment scheme shall be
recycled for process reuse. The effluent generated from sizing units and domestic
sewage shall be treated separately in primary treatment scheme and shall be
reused for gardening and toilet flushing.
The process flow chart, process description of the proposed primary treatment
schemes (biological and chemical treatments), secondary treatment scheme
(reverse osmosis and nano-filtration system) and tertiary treatment scheme
(evaporation system) is detailed in the subsequent sections of this chapter.
Treatment process
Primary treatment
Screening
Screening is the first operation at any wastewater treatment works. This process
essentially involves the removal of large non-biodegradable and floating solids
that frequently enter a wastewater works, such as rags, papers, plastics, tins,
containers and wood. Efficient removal of these constituents will protect the
downstream plant and equipment from any possible damage, unnecessary wear &
tear, pipe blockages and the accumulation of unwanted material that will interfere
with the treatment process. Wastewater screening is generally classified into
either coarse screening or fine screening. Screens may be manually or
mechanically cleaned, with only the older and smaller treatment facilities using
manually cleaned screens as their primary or only screening device. Coarse
screens are typically used as primary protection devices, and usually have
openings of 10mm or larger. Most modern wastewater treatment plants will utilise
a combination of coarse and fine screening (i.e. upstream coarse screens
providing protection to downstream fine screens). Plants utilising mechanically
cleaned screens will normally have a standby screen in place, which can be put
into operation should the primary screening device be removed from service for
maintenance reasons, or in the event of mechanical failure.
Equalisation
The trade effluent generated from the various process streams shall be collected
in a collection tank so that the concentration variations of the different process
streams are equalized and the effluent can be treated for a uniform set of
FIGURE-2.8
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT FOR COTTON YARN DYEING (3200 KLD)
FIGURE-2.9
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT FOR COTTON YARN DYEING (3200 KLD)
parameters. The coarse suspended particles settle down by gravity in this tank
and the sludge is removed periodically to filter press / sludge drying beds.
Retention time of 24 hours is maintained make bacteria acclimatize and have
uniform pollution load.
Neutralisation
Cooling tower
Secondary Treatment
Biological system
The effluent is treated in an aerobic condition to degrade BOD & COD. The
microorganisms added to system will degrade the organic components in the
effluent. The system operates for a retention time of 48 hours. Blower connected
to the disc diffuser system will produce fine bubbles of air to aerate the system.
F/M ratio of 0.05 to 0.07 is maintained for better performance. Belt press is
installed to remove sludge from the system.
Clarifier
The clear water and the sludge from the biological system are separated in this
system. The system operates at a retention time of 8 hours. The overflow clear
water flows to the next system, the sludge which is sedimented are sent to
sludge recycling. This sludge will be recycled to biological system to maintain the
MLSS concentration. Excess sludge will be dewatered in belt press and form
cakes.
Tertiary Treatment
Sand Filter
The clarified water from the biological system is sent to the sand filter for further
removal of suspended particles. The filter is packed with layers of sand and
gravel. The water is allowed to pass through the filter, the void space of bed is
too small to retain the suspended particles and allow the clear water to pass
through this. The solids deposited in the sand filter can be removed by
backwashing.
Ultra Filtration
As the suspended particles are removed in the previous process, the colloidal
particles are removed in this process. Density of the colloidal particles are too
small hence they take longer time to settle down. Now using modern techniques
the colloidal particles are removed by passing them through ultra filters which can
remove particles upto 0.2 microns.
Softening Plant
Here the hardness is been removed that is present in the Ultra Filtered water.
90% hardness reduction is achieved here through a specialized resin. Reject send
for NF feed. The adsorbed reject in the resin media is been removed by
backwash & regenerating procedures through the dosage of HCL & NaOH. During
the exhaustion step the resin becomes progressively bound with Ca and Mg thus
it is called exhausted resin.
Reverse Osmosis
Nano filtration
The Nano filtration process is a Reverse Osmosis process using a relatively open
RO membrane, allowing water and small univalent ions (Na+, K+, Cl-) to pass.
The filtration process takes place on a selective separation layer formed by an
organic semipermeable membrane. The driving force of the separation process is
the pressure difference between the feed (retentate) and the filtrate (permeate)
side at the separation layer of the membrane. However, because of its selectivity,
one or several components of a dissolved mixture are retained by the membrane
despite the driving force, while water and substances with a molecular weight <
200 D are able to permeate the semipermeable separation layer. Because nano
filtration membranes also have a selectivity for the charge of the dissolved
components, monovalent ions will pass the membrane and divalent and
multivalent ions will be rejected. The nano filtration technique is mainly used for
the removal of two valued ions and the larger mono valued ions such as heavy
metals. This technique can be seen as a coarse RO (reversed osmosis)
membrane. Because nano filtration uses less fine membranes, the feed pressure
of the NF system is generally lower compared to RO systems. Also the fouling
rate is lower compared to RO systems.
The ultimate reject from the membrane filtration processes is clear except for its
high TDS content. This can be treated only by evaporation. This industry shall be
provided with Multiple Effect Flash type Forced Circulation Evaporator. The
effluent from the sump is pumped into the heat exchanger where it absorbs heat
energy from the steam surrounding the heat exchanger tubes.
TABLE 2.15
CHARACTERISTICS OF INLET AND OUTLET FROM COTTON YARN &
DYEING UNIT CETP
Thereby the temperature of the liquor rises above 100 degree c. When this
supersaturated liquid enters the evaporating vessel, most of the liquid flashes
into vapour.
The remaining liquid is recirculated once again into the heat exchanger and the
process is repeated. The water vapour is condensed and reused as process /
boiler feed water.
As the process goes on the effluent gets concentrated with salts and gets
saturated. The salts tend to precipitate and get crystallized. These crystals are
collected in the conical bottom of the evaporation vessel. When the valve is
opened at suitable intervals, this is discharged as thick slurry into the batch filter.
This slurry is discharged into a solar evaporation bed. The salts shall be removed
and packed in containers for safe disposal.
And the product water from secondary & tertiary treatment scheme shall be
recycled for process reuse. The effluent generated from sizing units and domestic
sewage shall be treated separately in primary treatment scheme and shall be
reused for gardening and toilet flushing.
The process flow chart, process description of the proposed primary treatment
schemes (biological and chemical treatments), secondary treatment scheme
(reverse osmosis and nano-filtration system) and tertiary treatment scheme
(evaporation system) is detailed in the subsequent sections of this chapter.
Treatment process
Primary treatment
Screening
Screening is the first operation at any wastewater treatment works. This process
essentially involves the removal of large non-biodegradable and floating solids
that frequently enter a wastewater works, such as rags, papers, plastics, tins,
containers and wood. Efficient removal of these constituents will protect the
downstream plant and equipment from any possible damage, unnecessary wear &
tear, pipe blockages and the accumulation of unwanted material that will interfere
with the treatment process. Wastewater screening is generally classified into
either coarse screening or fine screening. Screens may be manually or
mechanically cleaned, with only the older and smaller treatment facilities using
manually cleaned screens as their primary or only screening device. Coarse
screens are typically used as primary protection devices, and usually have
openings of 10mm or larger. Most modern wastewater treatment plants will utilize
a combination of coarse and fine screening (i.e. upstream coarse screens
providing protection to downstream fine screens). Plants utilizing mechanically
cleaned screens will normally have a standby screen in place, which can be put
into operation should the primary screening device be removed from service for
maintenance reasons, or in the event of mechanical failure.
Equalisation
The trade effluent generated from the various process streams shall be collected
in a collection tank so that the concentration variations of the different process
streams are equalized and the effluent can be treated for a uniform set of
parameters. The coarse suspended particles settle down by gravity in this tank
and the sludge is removed periodically to filter press / sludge drying beds.
Retention time of 24 hours is maintained make bacteria acclimatize and have
uniform pollution load.
Neutralisation
Cooling tower
Secondary Treatment
Biological system
The effluent is treated in an aerobic condition to degrade BOD & COD. The
microorganisms added to system will degrade the organic components in the
effluent. The system operates for a retention time of 48 hours. Blower connected
to the disc diffuser system will produce fine bubbles of air to aerate the system.
F/M ratio of 0.05 to 0.07 is maintained for better performance. Belt press is
installed to remove sludge from the system.
Clarifier
The clear water and the sludge from the biological system are separated in this
system. The system operates at a retention time of 8 hours. The overflow clear
water flows to the next system, the sludge which is sedimented are sent to
sludge recycling. This sludge will be recycled to biological system to maintain the
MLSS concentration. Excess sludge will be dewatered in belt press and form
cakes.
Tertiary Treatment
Sand Filter
The clarified water from the biological system is sent to the sand filter for further
removal of suspended particles. The filter is packed with layers of sand and
gravel. The water is allowed to pass through the filter, the void space of bed is
too small to retain the suspended particles and allow the clear water to pass
through this. The solids deposited in the sand filter can be removed by
backwashing.
FIGURE-2.10
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT FOR SILK DYEING (450 KLD)
Ultra Filtration
As the suspended particles are removed in the previous process, the colloidal
particles are removed in this process. Density of the colloidal particles are too
small hence they take longer time to settle down. Now using modern techniques
the colloidal particles are removed by passing them through ultra filters which can
remove particles upto 0.2 microns.
Softening Plant
Here the hardness is been removed that is present in the Ultra Filtered water.
90% hardness reduction is achieved here through a specialized resin. Reject send
for NF feed. The adsorbed reject in the resin media is been removed by
backwash & regenerating procedures through the dosage of HCL & NaOH. During
the exhaustion step the resin becomes progressively bound with Ca and Mg thus
it is called exhausted resin.
Reverse Osmosis
Nano filtration
The Nano filtration process is a Reverse Osmosis process using a relatively open
RO membrane, allowing water and small univalent ions (Na+, K+, Cl-) to pass.
The filtration process takes place on a selective separation layer formed by an
organic semipermeable membrane. The driving force of the separation process is
the pressure difference between the feed (retentate) and the filtrate (permeate)
side at the separation layer of the membrane. However, because of its selectivity,
one or several components of a dissolved mixture are retained by the membrane
despite the driving force, while water and substances with a molecular weight <
200 D are able to permeate the semipermeable separation layer.
Because nano filtration membranes also have a selectivity for the charge of the
dissolved components, monovalent ions will pass the membrane and divalent and
multivalent ions will be rejected. The nano filtration technique is mainly used for
the removal of two valued ions and the larger mono valued ions such as heavy
metals. This technique can be seen as a coarse RO (reversed osmosis)
membrane. Because nano filtration uses less fine membranes, the feed pressure
of the NF system is generally lower compared to RO systems. Also the fouling
rate is lower compared to RO systems.
The ultimate reject from the membrane filtration processes is clear except for its
high TDS content. This can be treated only by evaporation. This industry shall be
provided with Multiple Effect Flash type Forced Circulation Evaporator. The
effluent from the sump is pumped into the heat exchanger where it absorbs heat
energy from the steam surrounding the heat exchanger tubes.
Thereby the temperature of the liquor rises above 100 degree c. When this
supersaturated liquid enters the evaporating vessel, most of the liquid flashes
into vapour.
The remaining liquid is recirculated once again into the heat exchanger and the
process is repeated. The water vapour is condensed and reused as process /
boiler feed water.
As the process goes on the effluent gets concentrated with salts and gets
saturated. The salts tend to precipitate and get crystallized. These crystals are
collected in the conical bottom of the evaporation vessel. When the valve is
opened at suitable intervals, this is discharged as thick slurry into the batch filter.
This slurry is discharged into a solar evaporation bed. The salts shall be removed
and packed in containers for safe disposal.
TABLE 2.16
CHARACTERISTICS OF INLET AND OUTLET FROM SILK YARN & DYEING
UNIT CETP
The solid waste will be generated from the various units i.e. weaving and sizing
operations. The waste generated from weaving & sizing operations and the inert
matter generated from the sweeping of internal roads and cleaning of drains on a
regular basis are non-hazardous in nature.
Hazardous Waste
TABLE-2.17
DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION
Area of
land
Sr. Category Name of the Quantity Mode of earmarked
No. No. Waste T/Annum disposal for
storage
/disposal
1. 34.3 Biological sludge 2.8 MT/day Dried in Sludge 0.95 ha
from CETP drying beds and
disposed to
common facility
(TSDF) at
Gumidipoondi
2. Recovered salt 4263 Re-used --
MT/Annum
The sources of non-hazardous solid waste in the proposed silk park will comprise
the following:
The characteristics of waste from all the above sources will be non-hazardous in
nature and can be disposed of safely along with the domestic municipal solid
waste.
It is estimated in the silk loom units, that the loom operations will generate the
waste of about 1 % of the total silk weaved and similarly the sizing operations are
expected to generate rags of about 1-2% of the total cloth sized. However, the
rags / solid waste generated from the sizing units can be recycled for various
useful purposes. The details of non-hazardous waste generated are given in
Table-2.18.
TABLE-2.18
NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION
Sr. Generation Quantity
Source Capacity Disposal
No. rate (T/day)
1. Loom 1.62 lakh 1% of silk 1620
operations sarees/annum saree weaved units/annum
2. Sizing units 12,000 2% of cloth Sold to recyclers
240 Tonnes/
Tonnes sized
annum
/annum
3. Canteen 1200 people 0.5 kg/c/day Composted and used as
600 kg/day
waste manure
4. Garbage & 7000 people 0.1 kg/c/d Organic waste will be
rubbish degraded using Organic
Organic composition (60%) 420 kg/day Waste Converter and
In-organic composition 700 kg/day used as manure
(40%) 280 kg/day In-organic waste will be
disposed through
authorized recyclers
5 Biomass Ash 60 kg/hr Re-used or Sold out to
1.44 MT/day
co-processing units
Based on the above Table, 1620 units / annum of silk loom wastes & 240 tonnes /
annum of rags generated by the sizing units can be fully recycled for various local
level operations.
Since the waste characteristics are non-hazardous in nature, the waste will be
segregated as organic and in-organic wastes and treated accordingly. Garbage
and rubbish generated (700 kg/day) will be segregated to organic waste (420
kg/day @60%) and in-organic waste (280 kg/day @ 40%). Organic waste will be
degraded using Organic Waste Converter and used as manure for greenbelt
maintenance. In-organic waste will be disposed-of through CPCB authorized
recyclers. Ash generated from burning of biomass is reused within the plant or
sold out to co-processing units.
Adequate land will be available for open spaces and other non-building purposes.
About 10.72 ha (35.32%) area will be reserved for green cover / lawn
development within the proposed facility. Suitable plant species of local varieties
will be planted with adequate spacing and density for their fast growth and
survival. The greenbelt/landscaping plan is shown in Figure-2.7.
FIGURE-2.11
GREENBELT/LANDSCAPING LAYOUT
3.1 Introduction
This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the
study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study
area covers the area falling within 10 km radius from the center of the proposed
silk park.
This report incorporates the baseline data generated through primary surveys for
three months from 1st March 2013 to 31st May 2013 representing pre-monsoon
(summer) season.
3.1.1 Methodology
3.2.1 Objectives
The objectives of land use studies are:
To determine the existing land use pattern in the study area;
To analyze the impacts on land use in the study area; and
To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis
proposed project in the study area and its associated impacts.
3.2.2 Methodology
The land use pattern of the study area has been studied by analyzing the available
secondary data such as the District Primary Census Handbook of Chennai and
Kancheepuram District. Major portion of the study area is comes under Chennai
Corporation area and urban area around the Chennai. So the available data is used
to calculate the land use data.
The land use is classified into four types - viz. forests, area under cultivation,
cultivable waste and the area not available for cultivation. The land under
cultivation is further sub-divided into two types viz. irrigated and un-irrigated.
Methodology
Information of land use and land cover is important for many planning and
management activities concerning the surface of the earth (Agarwal and Garg,
2000). Land use refers to man's activities on land, which are directly related to
land (Anderson et al., 1976). The land use and the land cover determine the
infiltration capacity. Barren surfaces are poor retainers of water as compared to
grasslands and forests, which not only hold water for longer periods on the
surface, but at the same time allow it to percolate down.
The terms ‘ land use’ and ‘land cover’ (LULC) are often used to describe maps
that provide information about the types of features found on the earth’s surface
(land cover) and the human activity that is associated with them (land use).
These are important parameters for number of environmental related
development projects associated with inland and coastal areas. It is necessary to
have information on existing land use / land cover but also the capability to
monitor the dynamics of land use resulting out of changing demands. Satellite
remote sensing is being used for determining different types of land use classes
as it provides a means of assessing a large area with limited time and resources.
However satellite images do not record land cover details directly and they are
measured based on the solar energy reflected from each area on the land.
The amount of multi spectral energy in multi wavelengths depends on the type of
material at the earth’s surface and the objective is to associate particular land
cover with each of these reflected energies, which is achieved using either visual
or digital interpretation. In the present study the task is to study in detail the
land use and land cover in and around the project site respect to the
development of Residential Township Project. The study envisages different LULC
around the proposed project area and the procedure adopted is as below
Remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and interpreted for the 10-km
radius study area for analyzing the Land use pattern of the study area. Based on
the satellite data, Land use/ Land cover maps have been prepared.
Scale of mapping
Considering the user defined scale of mapping, 1:50000 IRS-P6, LISS-III data on
1:50000 scale was used for Land use / Land cover mapping of 10 km radius for
proposed SEZ site. The description of the land use categories for 10 km radius
and the statistics are given for core and buffer zones separately.
FIGURE – 3.1
FLOW CHART SHOWING METHODOLOGY OF LANDUSE MAPPING
Interpretation Technique
March 2012 FCC imagery (Digital data) of the study area was interpreted for the
relevant land use classes. On screen visual interpretation coupled with supervised
image classification techniques are used to prepare the land use classification.
i. Digitization of the study area (10 km radius from the proposed site) from the
topo maps
ii. Satellite Data Selection: In the present study the IRS –P6 satellite image with
path row 102-64 for the topo map of 57P-7. Have been procured and
interpreted using the ERDAS imaging software adopting the necessary
interpretation techniques.
iii. Satellite data interpretation and vectorization of the resulting units
iv. Adopting the available guidelines from manual of LULC mapping using
Satellite imagery (NRSA, 1989)
v. Field checking and ground truth validation
vi. Composition of final LULC map
The LULC Classification has been done at three levels where level -1 being the
broad classification about the land covers that is Built-up land, agriculture land,
waste land, wet lands, and water bodies. These are followed by level –II where
built-up land is divided into towns/cities as well villages. The Agriculture land is
divided into different classes such as cropland, Fallow, Plantation, while
wastelands are broadly divided into, Land with scrub and without Scrub and
Mining and Industrial wasteland. The wetlands are classified into inland wetlands,
coastal wetlands and islands. The water bodies are classified further into
River/stream, Canal, Tanks and bay. In the present study level II classification
has been undertaken. The satellite imagery of 10 km radius from the project site
is presented in Annexure – VI.
Field Verification
Ground truth details involving LU/LC classes and other ancillary information about
crop growth stage, exposed soils, landform, nature and type of land degradation
are recorded and the different land use classes are taken.
Built-up land
Agricultural land
This category includes the land utilized for crops, vegetables, fodder and fruits.
Existing cropland and current fallows are included in this category.
Wasteland
The land, which is outside the forest boundary and not utilized for cultivation.
Land with or without scrub usually associated with shallow, stony, rocky
otherwise non-arable lands. Of all the wastelands, Salt affected land occupies
maximum of 1.19 % of the total area.
Water bodies
The category comprises area of surface water, either impounded in the form of
ponds, reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers and canals. River cater channel is
inland waterways used for irrigation and for flood control.
The details of various land use classes are furnished in Table-3.1 & Figure-3.2
TABLE-3.1
DIFFERENT LAND USE CLASSES AROUND 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE
PROJECT SITE
Area Percentage
Sr. No. Land Use / Cover
(Sq.km.) (%)
1. Built-up land
i. Built up land – urban / rural 30.7900 9.43
2. Agricultural land
i. Crop land 98.1200 30.04
ii. Fallow land 3.8900 1.19
iii. Plantation 114.0100 34.91
3. Land with or without Scrub
i. Land with scrub 1.3400 0.41
ii. Land without scrub 1.2500 0.38
iii. Salt affected land 3.8700 1.19
iv. Barren-rocky land 1.2600 0.39
4. Water bodies
i. Water body 72.0500 22.06
Total 326.58 100.00
The land use map of the study area based on satellite imagery is enclosed as
Annexure – V.
The land use analyses show that the area is of predominantly Plantation followed
by Crop land in the core and buffer zones of the study area. It is noticed since
there is no industrial development in and around the project site, there may not
have any direct impact on the existing land use and soil. However, it is generally
agreed that as the total volume of transport activity may increase due to the
development leading to negative externalities like pollution and congestion. Some
environmental damage may be acceptable if transport activity generates positive
net benefits to society.
FIGURE-3.2
DETAILS OF LAND USE
It is essential to determine the potentiality of soil in the area and to identify the
impacts of urbanization on soil quality. Accordingly, the soil quality assessment
has been carried out.
The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:
For studying soil characteristics of the region, soil sampling locations were
selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area
representing various land use types. The physical, chemical and heavy metal
concentrations were determined. The samples were collected using ramming a
core cutter into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm.
The present study on the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics. Four
soil samples were collected from the study area. At each location, soil samples
were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below
the surface and homogenized. The homogenized samples were analyzed for
physical and chemical characteristics.
The details of the soil sampling locations are given in Table-3.2 and shown in
Figure-3.3.
TABLE-3.2
DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Distance
Direction
Code w.r.t.
Location w.r.t
No. proposed Site
proposed Site
(Km)
S1 Proposed site - -
S2 Vishar 2.2 West
S3 Mettupalayam 1.7 SW
S4 Narapakkam 0.9 South
S5 Vippedu 2.2 SE
S6 Kilkadhirpur 2.1 NE
FIGURE-3.3
SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The soil characteristics are shown in Table-3.3. The results are compared with
standard soil classification given in Table-3.4.
TABLE-3.3
SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS
S. No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy
1. Textural Class -
loam loam loam loam loam loam
2. Silt & Clay % 30.6 44.6 45.8 27.8 42.3 21.8
3. Sand % 69.4 55.4 54.2 72.2 52.2 70.2
4. pH of 10% Solution - 6.52 6.62 6.7 6.58 6.5 6.48
5. Bulk Density g/cc 1.2 1.22 1.26 1.19 1.19 1.09
6. Infiltration Rate cm/hr 1.6 1.62 1.66 1.62 1.76 1.42
7. Moisture Content % 26.2 22.5 27.7 24.8 26.7 22.8
8. Organic Matter % 1.96 2.15 2.08 1.98 2.18 1.88
mg/l as
9. Alkalinity 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08
CaCO3
mg/l as
10. Acidity Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
CaCO3
Sodium Absorption
11. % 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
Ratio
µ
12. Conductivity 114 122 121 120 119 124
mohs/cm
13. Available Nitrogen as N % 0.32 0.38 0.38 0.34 0.37 0.33
Available Phosphorous
14. % 0.27 0.31 0.33 0.29 0.31 0.28
as P
Available Potassium as
15. % 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
K
16. Available Boron as B ppm 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
17. Available Na Cl % 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.07
18. Available Na2CO3 % 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
19. Available iron as Fe % 0.34 0.26 0.37 0.39 0.37 0.39
Available Manganese
20. % 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
as Mn
21. Available Copper as Cu % 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
22. Available Zinc as Zn % 0.3 0.34 0.41 0.35 0.41 0.35
It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly sandy loam in the study
area. It has been observed that the pH of the soil ranged from 6.48 to 6.7.
TABLE-3.4
STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION
3.4 Geology
Prelude
To demarcate different Geology, Soil using the remote sensing data such as
satellite imagery and existing literature and application of GIS techniques for
assessing the areal extent of the different classes that is interpreted, for the
proposed project site in Kancheepuram district.
As per the EIA guidelines, the study area has been divided into Core zone and
Buffer zone which is about 10 km radius from the boundary of the proposed
project site area. The geology, Soil has to be assessed as it forms the basis for
any developmental planning.
Regional Geology
TABLE-3.5
GENERALIZED STRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION OF THE GEOLOGICAL
FORMATIONS
Water bearing
Era System Age Stage Lithology
characteristics
Recent Alluvium and beach Moderate to good
sands. supply of water
Pliestocene Laterites, Yields moderate to
conglomerates and meager supply of
older alluvium water
Cenazoic Quaternary Pliestocene to Vada Madurai Boulders, cobbles, Meager to moderate
upper boulder bed pebbles and gravels supply of water
Miocene chiefly of quartzites
----------------------Unconformity--------------------------
Tertiary Pliocene to Sandy clay (Marine) Good supply of water
Miocene mottled clay bound
sands, buff colored
clays and gravels
Mesozoic Upper Lower Satyavedu Ferruginous sand Meager to moderate
Gondwanas cretaceous to conglomerates stones conglomerates supply of water
lower Jurassic and boulders
Sriperumpudur Caly, shales and Meager to moderate
feldspathic sand supply of water
stones
----------------------Unconformity--------------------------
Azoic Archaeans Gneissic complex, Yields moderate to
charnockites, schists meager supply of
and granite associated water to wells along
basic and ultra basic the joints fissures and
intrusive other weathered zone
FIGURE-3.4
GEOLOGY OF KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT
The Sathyavedu stage comprises beds of conglomerates mixed with a few beds of
course mottled sandstones, beds of clayey sandstones and sandy shales. The
conglomerate with a sandy clay matrix is hard and compact and exposures of it
are invariably strewn with shingle, pebbles and boulders. The total thickness of
formation exceeds 30 m.
Geologically, the 10km radius falls in sedimentary and hard rock formation. The
project site falls in Sedimentary Formation. The area is composed of Sandstone
and Shale, Hornblende-biotite gneiss. Quartz- Conglomerate, Sand and Silt. The
Project site is located in the Sandstone and Shale formation which forms a
potential aquifer.
Soil Classification:
The general soil type of Kancheepuram Taluk belongs to Arasanatham soil series.
The characteristics of the Arasanatham soil series is follows:
TABLE-3.6
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARASANATHAM SOIL
FIGURE-3.5
SOIL PROFILE
TABLE-3.7
SOIL PROFILE DESCRIPTION
Depth
Horizon Description
in cm
Light Yellowish brown (10 YR 6/4 M); loamy sand soft
(dry) friable (moist), moderate reaction to acid, many fine
Ap 0-17 and medium roots; common fine pores, rapid
permeability; pH 7.9.
TABLE-3.8
SOIL CLASS DESCRIPTION
Regional Hydrogeology
Porous formations
Semi-consolidated formation
Gondwana sandstones and shales and tertiary mottled clays and sandstones
represent the porous, semi-consolidated sediments. Ground water occurs under
water table conditions to confined conditions in the bedding planes and thin
fractures of shales. Ground water is extracted at the depth of 3.40 m below
ground level (bgl).
Un-consolidated formation
Un-consolidated formation occurs mainly along the banks of Palar river and the
Cheyyar rivers and the sand layers of the alluvium form the potential aquifer.
Areas between Walajabad and Kancheepuram, ground water obtained at the
depth of 10-21 m bgl. In areas covered by laterites, ground water is extracted at
the depth of 5-12m bgl by dug wells. Along the coast, wind blow sand act as
aquifer zones and groundwater is extracted by means of shallow dug wells and
radial arms.
The ground water resources of the Kancheepuram district have been computed
jointly by Central Ground Water Board and State Ground & Surface Water
Resources Data Centre (PWD, WRO, Government of Tamil Nadu) as on 31 st March
2004. The salient features of the computations are furnished in Table-3.1. The
computation of ground water resources available in the district has been done
using GEC 1997 methodology.
TABLE-3.9
STATUS OF GROUNDWATER
Project Site
TABLE-3.6
STATUS OF GROUNDWATER
The District groundwater brochure by CGWB confers that the project area is
located in the safe zone with sufficient groundwater.
3.5 Meteorology
The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for
proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for input prediction
models for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will
also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the
region.
3.5.1 Methodology
Sources of Information
1) Temperature
The winter season starts from January and continues till the end of February.
January is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 33.3°C
with the mean daily minimum temperature at 17.0°C. Both the day and night
temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of Pre-monsoon season. During Pre-
monsoon the mean maximum temperature (May) is observed at 43.4°C with the
mean minimum temperature at 21.6°C. The mean maximum temperature in the
Monsoon season was observed to be 42.8°C whereas the mean minimum
temperature was observed to be 21.2°C. By end of September with the onset of
Northeast monsoon (October), day temperatures decrease slightly with the mean
maximum temperature at 35.9°C with the mean minimum temperature at 22.4°C.
The monthly variations of temperatures are presented in Table-3.5.1.
2) Relative Humidity
The air is generally very humid in the region especially during monsoon when the
average relative humidity is observed around 67% with a maximum and minimum
of 100% and 35% respectively. In the pre-monsoon period the relative humidity is
63%. During the pre-monsoon season the mean maximum humidity is observed at
100%, with the mean minimum humidity at 39% in the month of May and April
respectively. During winter season the humidity is found to be in line with the values
recorded during the Pre-monsoon season. The mean maximum humidity recorded
during winter season, which is the driest part of year with an average of 66%
relative humidity. The mean maximum relative humidity is observed to be 100%
with mean minimum humidity at 38%. The monthly mean variations in relative
humidity are presented in Table-3.5.1.
3) Atmospheric Pressure
The station level maximum and minimum atmospheric pressure levels are recorded
during the winter and monsoon seasons. The maximum pressure observed is in the
range of 1016.5 to 1003.5-mb, with the maximum pressure (1016.5-Mb) occurring
during the winter season, in the month of January. The minimum pressure observed
is in the range of 1013.6 to 999.9 Mb, with the minimum pressure (999.9-Mb)
occurring during the pre-monsoon season in the month of June. The average
pressure levels in all other months are found to be in the range of 1008.5 to
1010.6-mb. The monthly variations in the pressure levels are presented in Table-
3.5.1.
4) Rainfall
It is observed that the north-east monsoon is more predominant than the south-
west monsoon. The southwest monsoon generally sets in during the last week of
May. About 30% of the rainfall is received during the southwest monsoon. The
rainfall gradually increases after September (and reaches maximum rainfall is
recorded in the month of November). The area experiences maximum rainfall
(308.0 mm) in the month of November. The Northeast monsoon rain occurs
between October to December and contribute to the rainfall by about 60% of the
total rainfall. Monthly variations in the rainfall for past available 10 years are given
in Table-3.5.1.
5) Cloud Cover
Generally light clouds are observed during winter mornings. During pre-monsoon
and the post-monsoon evenings the skies are either clear or lightly clouded. But in
post-monsoon mornings as well as monsoon mornings heavy clouds are commonly
observed. Whereas in the evening time the skies are light to moderately clouded
through out the year.
On an average three to four severe cyclonic storms form in the Bay of Bengal,
(mostly from April to June in pre-monsoon and September to December in post-
monsoon season). It is observed that cyclonic storms are five times more frequent
in the Bay of Bengal than in Arabian Sea. This is quite evident from the hazards that
the eastern coast faces year after year compared to west coast. The seasonal
frequencies of cyclones in East Coast of India during 1891-1982 are given in Table-
3.5.1 (A).
7) Wind Speed/Direction
The wind rose for the study period representing pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-
monsoon and winter season along with annual wind rose are shown in Figure-
3.7 (A), (B) & (C) and presented in Table-3.11.
TABLE-3.10
CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA - IMD, CHENNAI (MINAMBAKAM)
TABLE-3.11
SEASONAL FREQUENCIES OF CYCLONES IN EAST COAST OF INDIA
TABLE-3.12
SUMMARY OF WIND PATTERN – IMD, CHENNAI
FIGURE-3.7 (A)
WINDROSE FOR PRE MONSOON & MONSOON SEASON-IMD, CHENNAI
FIGURE-3.7 (B)
WINDROSE FOR POST MONSOON & WINTER SEASON-IMD, CHENNAI
FIGURE-3.7 (C)
ANNUAL WINDROSE -IMD, CHENNAI
Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore 99
Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed silk park by M/s. Perarignar Anna
Handloom Silk Park Limited at Kilkadhirpur Village, Kanchipuram Taluk & District,
Tamilnadu, India
Chapter-3
Description of the Environment
The meteorological data recorded at the project site during the study period (1st
March, 2013 to 31st May, 2013) is presented in Table-3.13.
TABLE-3.13
SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT SITE
1) Temperature
It was observed that the temperature at the proposed site during study period
ranged from 23.0oC to 37.0oC. The monthly variations in the temperatures are
presented in Table-3.12.
2) Humidity
During the period of observation, the humidity ranged from 31.0% to 100.0%.
The monthly variations in the humidity are presented in Table-3.12.
3) Cloud Cover
The windrose for the study period representing winter season is shown in Figure-
3.8. A review of the windrose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly
from South (20.9%) followed by SE (18.2%) direction. Calm condition was
recorded for 4.4%.
FIGURE-3.8
SITE SPECIFIC WINDROSE (MARCH – MAY 2013)
This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for
sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling.
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a
scientifically designed ambient air quality-monitoring network. The design of
monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the
following considerations:
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at eight locations with
due consideration to the above mentioned points. Table-3.13 gives the details of
environmental setting around each monitoring station. The location of the selected
stations with reference to the project site is given in the same table and shown in
Figure-3.9.
TABLE-3.13
DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS
Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days
per week at all locations for study period from 1st March 2013 to 31st May 2013.
The baseline data of air environment is generated for the following parameters:
Duration of Sampling
The sampling duration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, Pb, NH3, C6H6, BaP, As and Ni was
twenty-four hourly continuous samples per day and CO & O3 was sampled for 8–hrs
continuous thrice a day. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised
standards mentioned in the latest Gazette notification of the Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB) (November 16, 2009).
TABLE-3.15
MONITORED PARAMETERS AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING
Parameters Sampling Frequency
PM10 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
PM2.5 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Ozone (O3) 08 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Ammonia (NH3) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Lead (Pb) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Arsenic (As) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Nickel (Ni) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 08 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Benzene (C6H6) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Benzo(a)Pyrene 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Method of Analysis
The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5184 and American Public Health Association
(APHA).
Dust Samplers of Pollutech instruments were used for monitoring PM10 (<10
microns), PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NO2. Glass tubes were
deployed for collection of grab samples of Carbon monoxide. Gas Chromatography
techniques have been used for the estimation of CO, C6H6 & BaP. ICP used for Pb,
As & Ni and O3 & NH3 analysed using Chemiluminescence method.
The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable
levels are given in Table-3.16.
TABLE-3.16
TECHNIQUES USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Low
Sr. No. Parameters Test method detection
limit
1. PM10 (Respirable Particulate Matter Gravimetric (Respirable dust 5.0g/m3
% Suspended Particulate Matter) sampling / High volume sampling)
2. PM2.5 Gravimetric (FRM method / Low 2.0g/m3
volume sampling)
3. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Modified West &Gaeke method 4.0g/m3
4. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Sodium Arsenite method 9.0g/m3
5. Ozone (O3) Spectrophotometric method 2.0g/m3
6. Ammonia (NH3) Indo-phenol blue method 20.0g/m3
7. Lead (Pb) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling
0.05 ng/m3
on EPM filter paper
8. Arsenic (As) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling 0.2 ng/m3
on EPM filter paper
9. Nickel (Ni) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling 0.10 ng/m3
on EPM filter paper
10. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Adsorption and extraction followed by
12.5g/m3
GC-MS analysis
11. Benzene (C6H6) Adsorption and desorption followed
1.0 ng/m3
by GC-MS analysis
12. Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) Solvent extraction followed by GC-MS 1.0 ng/m3
FIGURE-3.9
AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed
raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. The summary of these results for summer season is presented in Table-3.16
TABLE-3.17
SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS
Note: Ozone (O3), Ammonia (NH3), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Benzene (C6H6) and Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) are found to exist
below Detectable Limit.
The three months Ambient Air Quality data is given as Annexure – IX.
PM10: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as
72.9 g/m3 and 50.6 g/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was
recorded at Kutteramedu and the minimum concentration was recorded at
Kudumkulam. The average values were observed to be in the range of 54.5 and
68.7 g/m3.
PM2.5: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 24.1
g/m3 and 16.7 g/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at
Kutteramedu and the minimum concentration was recorded at Kudumkulam. The
average values were observed to be in the range of 18.0 and 22.7 g/m3.
SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 11.3 g/m3
and 6.1 g/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Project site and the
minimum concentration was recorded at Kudumkulam. The average values were
observed to be in the range of 7.3 and 9.5 g/m3.
NO2: The maximum concentration of 16.8 g/m3 for NO2 was recorded at Project
Site and minimum of 9.1 g/m3 observed at Kudumkulam. The average
concentrations were ranged between 11.2 and 15.9 g/m3.
The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX and CO are observed to be well within
the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Industrial,
Rural, Residential and Other area. Other parameters including Ozone (O3),
Ammonia (NH3), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Benzene (C6H6) and
Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) are found to exist below Detectable Limit.
The information required has been collected through primary surveys and
secondary sources.
3.7.1 Methodology
Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized
based on:
Drainage pattern;
Location of residential areas representing different activities/likely impact
areas; and
Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.
Water sources covering 10-km radial distance were examined for physico-chemical,
heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of
industrial and other activities on water. The samples were collected and analyzed
as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA).
Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples
collected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for
bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-
chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the
existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like temperature,
Dissolved Oxygen (DO), free Chlorine and pH were analyzed at the time of sample
collection.
3.7.2 Water Sampling Locations
Water samples were collected from 6 ground water and 1 surface water-sampling
locations. These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for
various parameters to be compared with the standards for drinking water as per
IS:10500. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table-3.18 and are
depicted in Figure-3.9.
TABLE-3.18
DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS
FIGURE-3.10
WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS
TABLE 3.19
GROUND WATER QUALITY
S. IS:10500
Parameter Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6
No. Limits
1 pH - 6.5 to 8.5 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.5
2 Colour Hazen 5 <1.0 1.0 1.0 <1.0 1.0 2.0
3 Odour - UO
4 Conductivity us/cm $ 447 693 635 450 505 773
5 Taste - Ag
6 Turbidity NTU 5 2 3 3 2 2 3.0
7 Total hardness as mg/l 300 220 350 300 230 240 190
CaCO3
8 Total Dissolved solids mg/l 500 223 355 316 234 264 414
9 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250 24.8 35.5 53.2 28.4 28.4 53.2
10 Residual free mg/l 0.2 Min <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
Chlorine
11 Fluoride as F mg/l 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1
12 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 48 76 60 52 72 52
13 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30 24.3 38.8 36.4 24.3 14.6 14.6
14 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200 8.6 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.1
15 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45 3.9 11.2 37.3 11.6 17.4 36
16 Phenolics as C6H5OH mg/l 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
17 Cyanide as CN mg/l 0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
18 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200 175 300 200 180 200 280
19 Boron mg/l 1 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02
20 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 4.9 6.2 5.6 3.9 5.5 78.9
21 Potassium as K mg/l $ 2.9 3.5 1.3 3 2.9 8.5
22 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3 <0.01 <0.01 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.04
23 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01
24 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
25 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.12 0.21 0.11 0.34
26 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
27 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01
28 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
29 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
30 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
31 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5 0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01
32 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
33 Anionic detergents as mg/l 0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
MBAS
34 Mineral oil mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
35 Pesticides mg/l Absent <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
36 E.Coli - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent absent
37 Total Colifirms MPN/ 10 2 4 2 6 8 2
100
U.O.: Un-objectionable $: Not specified
The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 7.4 to 7.8, which is well
within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
concentration is found to be ranging in between 223 to 414 mg/l.
Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 190 to 350 mg/l. The Chlorides
and Nitrates are found ranging from 24.8-53.2 mg/l and 3.9 – 37.3 mg/l.
Potassium found ranging in between 1.3 to 8.5 mg/l. The Heavy metals are found
to be below detectable limits.
The results of the parameters analyzed for the surface water samples are
presented in Table-3.20.
TABLE 3.20
SURFACE WATER QUALITY
IS:10500
S. No. Parameter Units SW1
Limits
1 pH - 6.5 to 8.5 8.1
2 Colour Hazen 5 1
3 Conductivity µS/cm $ 1568
4 Dissolved Oxygen mg / l 4 4.3
minimum
5 BOD, 5day mg / l 3 11.0
6 Total dissolved solids mg / l 1500 1097
7 Total hardness as mg / l 300 570
CaCO3
8 Chlorides as Cl mg / l 600 680
9 Fluorides as F mg / l 1.5 1.1
10 Sulphates as SO4 mg / l 400 28.7
11 Alkalinity mg / l $ 43.2
12 Nitrates as NaNO3 mg / l 50 45.7
13 Cyanides as CN mg / l 0.05 <0.02
14 Calcium Ca mg / l 75 190.0
15 Magnesium as Mg mg / l 30 11.0
16 Sodium as Na mg / l $ 1072.0
17 Potassium as K mg / l $ 31.8
18 Iron as Fe mg / l 50 0.05
19 Chromium as Cr+6 mg / l 0.05 <0.05
20 Cadmium as Cd mg / l 0.01 <0.01
21 Lead as Pb mg / l 0.1 <0.01
22 Copper as Cu mg / l 1.5 <0.01
23 Arsenic as As mg / l 0.2 <0.01
24 Selenium as Se mg / l 0.05 <0.01
25 Phenolics as C6H5OH mg / l 0.005 <0.001
26 Zinc as Zn mg / l 15 0.01
27 Mercury as Hg mg / l $ <0.001
28 Anionic detergents as mg / l 1 <1.0
MBAS
29 Oil and grease mg / l 0.1 <0.1
30 Insecticides mg / l Absent <0.001
31 Total Coliforms MPN/100 5000 76
ml
U.O. : Un-objectionable $ : Not specified
The analysis results indicate that the ground water pH value was found as 8.1. The
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration was found as 1097.
Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations; one
reading for every hour was taken for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been
monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the
monitoring locations within the study area.
TABLE-3.21
DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS
Distance w.r.t Direction
Location Location
Project Site w.r.t Zone
Code (Village)
(km) Project Site
N1 Project Site --- --- Residential
N2 Mel Kadhirpur 0.3 North Residential
N3 Kil Kadhirpur 1.7 NNE Residential
N4 Periyamettu theruvu 2.4 NE Residential
N5 Pallipalayam 2.5 ENE Residential
N6 Vippedu 1.8 SE Residential
N7 Narapakkam 0.2 South Residential
N8 Mettupalayam 1.8 SW Residential
N9 Vishar 2.1 WSW Residential
N10 Mettukuppam 2.3 NNW Residential
For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to
describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated
using the percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval.
The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:
The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level which is equivalent to the same
sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is
necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given
period of time.
(L10 - L90)2
Leq = L50 + ------------
60
Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during
day (6 am to 10 pm).
Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during
night (10 pm to 6 am).
FIGURE-3.11
NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS
The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night
Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during
night time period (10 pm to 6 am) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the
instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average.
This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night
when people usually sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during
the day time.
The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq's,
by the following equation.
Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the daytime (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln
is the equivalent sound level during the nighttime (10 pm to 6 am).
The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at eight locations for once
during study period. The parameters are analyzed for Lday, Lnight, and Ldn. These
results are tabulated in Table-3.22.
TABLE-3.22
NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA
3.9.1 Introduction
An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference
to listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial
and Aquatic ecosystem) conditions.
To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the proposed
project site
To assess the distribution of animal life spectra;
To understand the productivity of the water bodies;
To ascertain migratory routes of fauna and possibility of breeding grounds.
To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken in 10-
km radius as proposed facility as centre. The different methods adopted were as
follows:
Generation of first hand data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the
area;
Interrogating local people so as to elicit information for local plants, animals and
their uses; and
Gathering data for ethnobiology.
The present report gives the review of published secondary data and the results of
field sampling conducted during pre-monsoon season (2013).
No forest area exists in the study area, so there will not be any impacts on
ecological sensitive zones or in forest blocks.
Detailed studies conducted near to villages, forest blocks and along the highways to
identify the common plant species and to identify presence of any threatened,
medicinal and rare plant species in study area.
1. Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the study area. This
would indicate the biodiversity for wild and cultivated plants. The plants so
encountered were classified into life form spectrum according to the
classification of Raunkiaer's classification of life form spectrum.
2. Local inhabitants were interviewed for uses of plants and animals and to get
ethnobiological data.
Cryptogamic Vegetation
The area shows many algae, fungi, bryophytes and ferns. Algae are present in
aquatic bodies or in marshy places. Fungi, particularly from ascomycetes and
basidiomycetes are located on ground or epiphytically. Lichens of crustose, foliose
and fruticose types are present on different substrates (Lichens, Ascomycetes and
Basidiomycetes could be observed near hilly terrain). Bryophytes occur in wet areas
and occasionally on barks of trees and old walls of houses. The commonly observed
bryophtes in this area are Funaria sp and Polypodium sp Fern flora of the study area
is insignificant. The aquatic weeds Hydrilla sp, Chara sp, and Salvinia were observed
in small ponds in agricultural fields.
Raunkiaer defined life forms as the sum of adaptations of plants to climate. Braun-
Blanquet (1951), whose system is adapted in this study, modified the Raunkiaer's
system. Following five of the ten classes created by Braun-Blanquet is present in the
study area.
During field survey, maximum 288 number of plant species (except algae, fungi and
bryophytes) were recorded from the study area. Class wise distribution of plant
species are presented in Table-3.23.
TABLE-3.23
CLASS WISE DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT SPECIES IN THE STUDY AREA
The study area did not record the presence of any critically threatened species. The
records of Botanical Survey of India and Forest department also did not indicate
presence of any endangered and or vulnerable species in this area.
3.9.7 Fauna
Primary Survey
Field studies were conducted during study period and details are presented in
Table-3.24
TABLE-3.24
FAUNA OBSERVED AT THE STUDY AREA
The methodology adopted for the study is based on the review of secondary data,
such as District Census Statistical Handbooks-2001 and the records of National
Informatics Center, New Delhi, for the parameters of demography, occupational
structure of people within the general study area of 10-km radius around the
proposed project site.
The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic details are described
in the following sections.
3.10.3 Demography
Distribution of Population
As per 2001 census, the study area consists of 273616 persons. The distribution
of population in the study area is given in Table-3.25. The males and females
constitute 50.19% and 49.80% of the study area population respectively.
TABLE-3.25
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km
No. of Households 2807 10184 48290 61281
Male Population 6479 22883 107968 137330
Female Population 6328 23002 106956 136286
Total Population 12807 45885 214924 273616
Average Household Size 4.56 4.51 4.45 4.46
Male % 50.58 45.87 50.23 50.19
Female% 49.41 50.12 49.76 49.80
Source: District Census Statistics, Kancheepuram - 2001
The average household size of the study area is 4.5 persons/family. The low
family size could be attributed to a high degree of urbanization with migration of
people with higher literacy levels who generally opt for smaller family size and
family welfare measures.
Sex Ratio
The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about
50.19% and females to 49.80% of the total population as per 2001 census
records. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males indirectly
reveals certain sociological aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality
among female children and single person family structure, a resultant of
migration of industrial workers. The study area on an average has 992 females
per 1000 males as per 2001 census.
TABLE- 3.26
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10
Schedule caste- 5426 13525 91198 115575
% To the total population 42.37 29.48 42.43 42.24
Schedule Tribes 511 380 2503 3394
% To the total population 4.0 0.8 1.2 1.2
Total SC and ST population 5937 13905 93701 118969
% To total population 46.36 30.30 43.60 43.48
Other caste population 6870 31980 121223 154647
% To total population 53.64 69.70 56.40 56.52
Total Population 12807 45885 214924 273616
Source: District Census Statistics, Kancheepuram - 2001
The study area experiences an average literacy rate of 56.09%. The distribution
of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table-3.27.
The male literacy rate i.e. the percentage of male literates to the total males (7
years and above) of the study area works out to be 64.82%. The female literacy
rate, which is an important indication for social change is observed to be 47.30%
TABLE 3.27
DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES
The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference
to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include
10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of
cultivators, agricultural labourers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing,
mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household
industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce,
transport and communication and other services.
The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of
less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The
non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired
persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other
non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.
As per 2001 census records, altogether the main worker works out to be 30.49%
of the total population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to
17.10% and 52.02% of the total population respectively. The distribution of
workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant
population. The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table-3.28.
The Demographic details in the study area are provided as Annexure – X.
TABLE-3.27
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
This Chapter deals with the identification and appraisal of various environmental
and social impacts due to the proposed project based on the prevailing baseline
setting and inventory of pollution sources described in the previous chapters.
The proposed project is likely to create impact on the environment in two distinct
phases:
No dry/wet agriculture is practiced in the site. This ultra modern project will be
developed while undertaking minimum cutting for making terraces for
construction of buildings while making minimum modifications in the terrain
conditions and implementing appropriate environmental measures.
There will be a change in the topography, which will be covered with the buildings
and road network in the site. However, there will be a significant improvement in
the aesthetics of the site.
The dripping of oil from construction vehicles might cause soil contamination. In
order to prevent soil contamination likely to result from the oil spill and dripping
from vehicles, drip pans will be placed at the parking places of vehicles and the
dripped oil will be collected. The collected dripped oil will be stored and
subsequently sent to the authorized recycling agencies, recognized by TNPCB.
No major vegetative cover exists in the immediate vicinity of the project. Hence
no impacts on terrestrial flora and fauna are envisaged due to construction
activities.
During construction phase, water will be required only for construction of structures,
sprinkling on roads for dust suppression, domestic and non-domestic uses of the
construction workers, that too only during daytime.
During construction phase, total solid waste in terms of canteen wastes, food
packet wrappers. This may cause for environmental degradation at the project
site as well as its immediate surroundings, if adequate measures are not taken.
In order to avoid any solid waste disposal problems, an effective solid waste
management system by means of collection of wastes in dust bins and
transporting the same to the authorized dumping grounds by the contractors.
Strict adherence to the established solid waste collection and disposal system will
ensure clean environment during construction period.
The major sources of noise during the construction phase will be due to operation
of construction equipments such as rock drills, pneumatic tools, concrete mixers,
cranes, generators, pumps, compressors, vibrators, etc. The operation of these
equipments will generate noise ranging between 70-85 dB (A). Due to moderate
levels of construction activities, the anticipated noise generation during
construction phase will be mostly confined to the facility itself and not anticipated
to have significant adverse impacts on the surrounding ambient noise levels. In
order to have less impact on noise levels in the area, the major works will be
carried out during daytime as far as possible.
Some construction equipments may generate more noise levels and might affect
the personnel operating these equipments. In order to safeguard the construction
workers working at the noise generation sources, these personnel will be provided
with proper personal protective equipments such as earplugs, earmuffs, etc.
Hence, no significant impact is envisaged due to the operation of the noise
generating equipment at the project site, if suitable mitigation measures are
adopted.
The proposed project site is devoid of forest or thick vegetation. Only small bushes
which have grown in the recent past due to non-cultivation of the area will be
removed during leveling operations. Hence, there will not be any major impact on
the terrestrial ecology of the project site due to construction activities.
The construction of this project will be undertaken only during the non-monsoon
season; hence no run-off or discharges from the site will be let out. Further, suitable
de-siltation ponds will be provided to arrest the silt load if any during monsoon
period. Hence, no impact of water and wastewater discharges and associated
environmental pollution are envisaged during construction phase of the project.
Accordingly, no adverse impact on aquatic ecology of nearby tanks is envisaged
during this phase.
The proposed project involves construction and operation of Silk Park. The
following activities related to the operational phase will have some varying
impacts on the environment and are considered for impact assessment:
Topography;
Land use and building construction;
Soil quality;
Water quality;
Storm water drainage;
Solid waste generation;
Air quality;
Noise levels; and
Terrestrial and aquatic ecology
During the operational phase of the project, the project site which presently is a
dry land will be transformed for silk park usage with a well laid out internal roads,
decent building, beautiful landscaping, efficient air and water circulation systems,
impressive lighting system, efficient firefighting system etc. Accordingly, there
will be an immense positive impact on the land use pattern of the proposed
project site due to the project and the aesthetics will be improved impressively.
All the structures in the proposed project will be developed as per the prevailing
stipulations of Govt. of Tamilnadu. Care will be taken in provision of adequate
parking spaces as per norms, the project will not face any shortage in parking
space and accordingly all vehicles of the project will be parked inside the project
site premises. This will not compel the project managers to park the visitors
vehicles on the roads, outside the project, hence, it will not cause for traffic
congestions and hindrances or inconveniences to movements of people on the
roads and walkways.
All the impacts related with soils are restricted to the construction phase only;
hence there will not be any impact of the proposed project on soils of the project
site during the operational phase.
The topsoil removed during construction stage will be spread on landscaped areas
and plantation will be developed. The matured plantation will help reduction of
possible soil erosion.
The probable sources causing degradation of soil in the project site are due to
generation of solid wastes and wastewater from the proposed silk park. As
appropriate solid waste management systems will be followed, no soil pollution is
anticipated in the proposed project.
Further, the proposed greenbelt, green cover and avenue plantation measures will
enrich the soil binding characteristics and preserve topsoil from erosion.
The project site falls in the Seismic Intensity Zone-III, which is not prone for
severe earthquakes. Hence, this project is not likely to face any impact due to
severe earthquakes. Adequate care will be taken in construction of structures to
withstand tremors of earthquakes, if such eventuality occurs.
The total water requirement will be 4542 KLD. Out of which 792 KLD will be fresh
water which will be met from the proposed borewells within plant site. The
wastewater will be generated only from the dyeing plants & domestic sewage.
The entire wastewater generated will be treated in CETP & the treated water will
be reused for process house, flushing, watering the landscaped areas.
The proposed project design and development has been planned with utmost care
and all provisions have been made for the safety and security of the property as
well as the personnel.
Fugitive Emissions
The proposed project will be excellently landscaped with proper terracing and
benching and will be provided with pucca roads. As the entire project area will be
covered with good landscaping and tree/grass cover, generation of fugitive dust
within the premises is not anticipated. Even the dust, outside the project will be
minimal due to the proposed compound walls, which will function as barriers and
tree plantations along the boundary. Further, all fugitive emissions are likely to be
controlled to a great extent, through proper maintenance of tree plantations and the
green belt development undertaken within the project.
Gaseous Emissions
The sources of gaseous pollutants within the proposed project are only DG sets
and vehicular movement within the premises. The emissions of Sulphur dioxide
(SO2) and oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) will be due to operation of DG sets, in case of
An attempt has been made to assess the impact of air quality due to operation of
DG-sets within the proposed project. The impact on ambient air quality has been
assessed by considering the following steps:
Emissions from the proposed DG stacks have been considered for the
modeling simulations on the prediction of air quality during the operation
phase of the project.
Short term 24-hourly ground level concentrations (GLCs) have been computed as
per the CPCB Guidelines for air quality modeling. The GLCs are estimated by
using the site-specific meteorological data monitored data during study period
and the characteristics of the proposed stacks in the project.
The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always
limited to that of the mixing layer;
Stack tip down wash is not considered;
Buoyancy induced dispersion is used to describe the increasing plume
dispersion during the ascension phase;
Calms processing routine is used by default;
Wind profile exponents are used by default, ‘Irwin’;
Flat terrain is used for computations;
It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical
transformations and that there is no pollutant removal by dry deposition;
Washout by rain is not considered; and
Cartesian co-ordinate system has been used for computations.
VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore 131
Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed silk park by M/s. Perarignar Anna
Handloom Silk Park Limited at Kilkadhirpur Village, Kanchipuram Taluk & District,
Tamilnadu, India
Chapter-4
Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
There will be 4 No. of DG set (500 KVA) & 1 no. of boiler (6 Tonne) are proposed
in the project. The anticipated stack emission levels from DG sets is given in
Table-4.1.
TABLE-4.1 (A)
DETAILS OF EXPECTED STACK EMISSIONS
DG Set
Sr. No. Description Unit
(500 KVA)
1. Stack height M 22.5
2. No. of Flue Nos. 4
3. Stack diameter at top M 0.25
4. Cross-sectional area m2 0.049
5. Flue gas velocity m/sec 13.8
6. Flue gas temperature °C 382
7. Gas flow rate Nm³/s 0.308
8. Emission Rate
A Particulate matter (SPM) mg/Nm3 63
g/s 0.019
B Sulphur dioxide (SO2) mg/Nm3 43
g/s 0.013
C Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) mg/Nm3 28
g/s 0.008
TABLE-4.1 (B)
DETAILS OF EXPECTED STACK EMISSIONS
Presentation of Results
The simulations were carried out to evaluate PM, SO 2 and NOx likely to be
contributed by the DG sets. In this short-term simulation model, the
concentrations can be estimated with about 1200 receptor points that will be
chosen to obtain an optimum description of variations in concentrations over the
project site and within 10 km radius around it, while covering 16 directions.
VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore 132
Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed silk park by M/s. Perarignar Anna
Handloom Silk Park Limited at Kilkadhirpur Village, Kanchipuram Taluk & District,
Tamilnadu, India
Chapter-4
Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
By using this model, the incremental concentrations have been estimated. The
predicted incremental levels for PM, SO 2 and NOx from the operation of DG sets
during power grid failure are presented in Table-4.2. The isopleths for PM, SO2
and NOx are shown in Figure-4.1 to Figure -4.3 respectively.
TABLE-4.2
PREDICTED 24-HOURLY INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS
Resultant Concentrations
The predicted maximum incremental GLCs as referred in Table-4.2 during the
operation of the proposed project for PM, SO2 and NOx are superimposed on the
maximum baseline PM, SO2 and NOx concentrations recorded during the study to
arrive at the likely resultant concentrations during operation of the DG sets as and
when operated, in the proposed facility.
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
10000 10000
8000 8000
6000 6000
4000 4000
2000 2000
0 0
-2000 -2000
-4000 -4000
-6000 -6000
-8000 -8000
-10000 -10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
FIGURE-4.1
SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF PM
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
10000 10000
8000 8000
6000 6000
4000 4000
2000 2000
0 0
-2000 -2000
-4000 -4000
-6000 -6000
-8000 -8000
-10000 -10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
FIGURE-4.2
SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF SO2
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
10000 10000
8000 8000
6000 6000
4000 4000
2000 2000
0 0
-2000 -2000
-4000 -4000
-6000 -6000
-8000 -8000
-10000 -10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
FIGURE-4.3
SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS OF NOX
The cumulative concentrations (baseline + incremental) in the worst case, when all
the DG sets are operated after implementation of the project are given in Table-4.3.
TABLE-4.3
RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO INCREMENTAL GLCs
Pollutant Maximum AAQ Incremental Resultant
Concentrations Concentration Concentration
(g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3)
PM 65.1 2.9 68.0
SO2 11.1 1.59 12.69
NOx 16.2 0.43 16.63
The maximum GLCs for SPM, SO2 and NOx after implementation of the proposed
project are within the prescribed standards for rural and residential areas. However,
the DG sets will be operated only during the emergency conditions, when regular
power supply is disrupted.
The noise generating sources from the proposed project is DG sets only. There is
no other major noise generating sources. The noise levels at the source for these
units will be in the range of 80-85 dB (A).
The discharge of waste materials (wastewater and solid wastes) from the project
can have some adverse impacts on public health in the surrounding area, if
appropriate treatment procedures are not followed. As the project will be
designed as per the modern available technology for controlling the impacts, no
adverse impacts on public health in the area are anticipated.
From the above activity, it is envisaged that there will be some effect on the
existing environment. To minimize these impacts, the proponent will undertake
all preventive and remedial measures, which are outlined hereunder.
Land Environment
The top soil from the excavated areas will be preserved in separate stacks for
re-use during the plantation;
Water Environment
During monsoon period, the surface run-off will be likely to be affected due to the
construction work and loosening of topsoil. This will be likely to increase the
suspended solids in the run-off during heavy precipitation. Construction activities
will be sustained during heavy rains and construction material shall be properly
covered.
Sanitation
The construction site will be provided with adequate toilet facilities for workers to
meet the proper standards of hygiene. These facilities will be connected to a
packaged STP and maintained to ensure minimum environmental impact.
Air Environment
During construction period, there will be likelihood of generation of dust and NOx
emissions. This can be attributed to leveling activity and vehicular movement.
The transport vehicles using petrol or diesel should be properly maintained to
minimize smoke in the exhaust. Water sprinkling is suggested to address this
issue.
Since there will be likelihood of fugitive dust from the construction activity, material
handling and from the truck movement in the premises, the project should go for
tree plantation program along the boundaries of the project site.
Noise Environment
Provision for insulating caps and aids at the exit of noise source on the
machinery;
The use of damping materials such as thin rubber/lead sheet for wrapping the
work places like compressors, generator sheets;
Shock absorbing techniques will be adopted to reduce impact;
Inlet and outlet mufflers will be provided, which are easy to design;
Earmuffs will be provided to the workers and it should be enforced to be used
by the workers;
Noise prone activities will be restricted to the extent possible during night
time, particularly during the period between 10 pm to 6 am in order to have
minimum environmental impact on the workers as well as on the
neighbourhood; and
No worker will be allowed to expose to more than 90 dB (A) in an 8-hour shift
and under no circumstance the noise level from any equipment will be greater
than 115 dB (A).
Ecological Aspects
Project site is vacant land and there is no vegetation at site. The proper
landscaping will be mitigated the any adverse impacts. A comprehensive
greenbelt programme will improve the ecological condition of the region.
The hazardous materials used during the construction may include petrol, diesel,
welding gas and paints. These materials will be stored and handled as per the
guidelines specified under Hazardous Wastes (Storage, Handling and
Transportation) Management Rules of Environment Protection Act.
Site Security
Adequate security arrangement will be made to ensure that the local inhabitants
and the stray cattle are not exposed to the potential hazards of construction
activities.
Migrant Laborers
Safe and secure camping area will be provided for the migrant laborers during the
construction period. Adequate arrangements will be made for water supply and
sanitation.
The construction site should be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities
for workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities will be connected
to a packaged STP and maintained to ensure minimum environmental impact.
First Aid: At work place, first aid facilities will be maintained at a readily
accessible place where necessary appliances including sterilized cotton wool etc
will be available. Ambulance facilities will be kept readily available at workplace to
take injured person to the nearest hospital.
Potable Water: Sufficient supply of water fit for drinking will be provided at
suitable places.
Sanitary Facility: Within the precinct of very work place, latrines and urinals
should be provided at accessible place. These should be cleaned at least twice
during working hours and kept in a good sanitary condition. The contractor should
conform to sanitary requirement of local medical and health authorities at all
times.
Facilities for Women: Facilities as per Factory Rules of the State Government
will be provided to the women work force. Separate toilets for women will be
provided with appropriate signboards.
The EMP in the design stage endeavors to mitigate the problems related to health,
safety and environment at the initial stage itself. The proposed facilities will be
designed taking into account all applicable standards/norms both for regulatory and
safety purpose.
The design of the project will be made by laying special emphasis on the measures
to minimize sewage generation and emission control at source. The specific control
measures related to gaseous emissions, liquid sewage discharges, noise generation,
solid waste disposal, etc are described below:
Major pollutants envisaged from the proposed project are Particulates, Sulphur
dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen due to traffic activities and during the emergency
operation of DG sets. The operation of DG sets will only be a temporary
phenomenon and hence it will not cause any major adverse impact on air
environment.
Parking Facilities
The total water requirement of the project is about 4542.0 KLD. Out of which
792.0 KLD will be fresh water which will be met from the proposed borewells
within plant site. Wastage of water will be totally controlled and only the
minimum quantum of water will be used.
Water Conservation
The quantity of wastewater generation depends upon the quantity of water used
for various purposes. The quantum of sewage generated from the project will be
about 490 KLD.
Wastewater generated from the domestic activities of the proposed project will be
treated in Sewage Treatment Plant and treated water will be utilized for flushing
and landscaping. Zero discharge will be maintained, there is no wastewater will
be discharged outside.
The first flush shall be checked from entering collection system, using diversion
valves to ensure that runoff from the first spell of rain is flushed out and does not
enter the system. This needs to be done since the first spell of rain carries a
relatively larger amount of pollutants from the air and catchment surface.
The incremental noise levels due to the proposed project will be less than 45-
dB(A) near the project boundaries in all the directions. The ambient noise levels
in the region are within the permissible limits. However, the greenbelt to be
provided will further attenuate the noise levels.
Recommendations
Noise levels would be reduced by the use of absorbing material on roof walls
and floors;
The project area would be thickly vegetated with species of rich canopy; and
Adequate green belt and green cover and avenue plantation with an average
density of 1000 saplings/ha will be created to attenuate noise levels.
The greenbelt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise
generated in the premises apart from improving the aesthetics of the site.
Plantation program should be undertaken in all available areas. This would include
plantation in the premises, along the internal and external roads and in between
buildings.
The plant species selected for greenbelt will include the native species. These
saplings will be planted in rows. About 35.32% (10.72 ha) of the total
geographical land of the site will be brought under greenbelt/green cover
program.
The plantation at the proposed project will take into consideration of the existing
social forestry in the region. The proposed plantation will cover the following
design aspects:
Based on climate and soil characteristics of the study area, some species are
recommended for plantation. In order to have a ground cover, some fast growing
species, which do not require watering, have been recommended for mass
plantation. The species are as presented below:
Acacia auriculiformis
Casuarina equisetifolia
Albezzia lebeck
Leucena leucopholca
The above-mentioned species not only resist water stress but also covers the
ground quickly and also have wider soil adaptability.
For protecting the environment from dust, temperature, chemicals, emissions the
following species have been recommended.
The Post Project Monitoring to be carried out at the project is discussed below:
Monitoring and Reporting Procedure
Noise Levels
Noise levels near the DG set (4 nos. x 500 KVA) will be monitored once in three
months.
Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore 145
Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed silk park by M/s. Perarignar Anna
Handloom Silk Park Limited at Kilkadhirpur Village, Kanchipuram Taluk & District,
Tamilnadu, India
Chapter – 5
Environmental Monitoring Programme
TABLE-5.2
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SCHEDULE DURING
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Important
Monitoring Duration of
Sr. No. Monitoring Location Monitoring
Frequency Sampling
Parameters
A Project Activity : Earth work, land development and building construction
I Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Six locations at proposed Once in a 8 hrs PM10, PM2.5,
project site (to monitor month SO2, NO2 and
impacts of proposed CO
construction activities)
II Ambient Noise Level
Eight locations at Once in a Hourly for 24 Sound Pressure
proposed project site (to month hrs Levels, Leq, Lmax
monitor impacts of
proposed construction
activities)
III Water Quality
Drainage Outfalls Once in a 24 hr BOD, TSS
(Drainage pipes adjacent month composite
to the development area
will be cleaned of soil
and aggregates)
IV Solid Waste Disposal Mechanism
Project site (Disposal site Daily Twice a day Physical
of construction debris Observation
and cutting material)
V Traffic Monitoring
Near Project Site (to Daily Hourly Vehicle count
monitor impacts of and type
temporary construction
traffic)
VI Occupational Health Twice in a Continuous General Health
and Safety week database aspects
management of
causalities
C Meteorology
Meteorological data is Hourly/Daily Continuous Wind speed & direction,
monitored at the proposed on line temperature, relative
site for the functional Monitoring humidity, atm. pressure,
requirements. rainfall and solar radiation,
visibility etc.,
II Water and Wastewater Quality
A Wastewater quality
Sanitary (Raw and treated Once in a 24 hr As per EPA rules, 1996 or as
wastewater) & month composite specified by TNPCB,
Textile effluent Kanchipuram dt.
B Water quality
1 location within proposed Once in a Grab Parameters specified under
site month IS:10500-2001
“Specifications for Drinking
Water”
III Noise Level
8 locations within proposed site Continuous Hourly Sound Pressure Levels, Leq,
monitoring for Lmax
a day, once in
a month
DG Room Once in a 8 hr Sound Pressure Levels, Leq,
month continuous Lmax
with 1 hr
interval
IV Solid Waste Management
Solid waste storage area & STP / Daily Twice a day Physical Observation
CETP sludge disposal area
V Traffic Management
Near Entrance Monthly 24 hrs Vehicle count and type, dwell
continuously time
VI Occupational Health Yearly Continuous General Health aspects
database
management
of causalities
VII Safety/ Emergency Yearly Continuous Yearly emergency drill
database
management
TABLE-5.4
BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Budgetary allocation
(Rs. In lakhs)
Sr. No. Description
Capital O & M cost
cost per annum
1. Construction Phase
i. Dust Suppression and drainage management 5.0 ---
ii. Sanitary facility 5.0 ---
iii. Solid waste management / Noise protection 1.0 ---
iv. Misc. expenses 1.0 ---
2. Operational Phase
i. Sewage/Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) 3500.0 3000.0
ii. Storm water drainage and harvesting 246.6 1.0
iii. Landscaping and gardening 75.0 5.0
iv. Sludge Management/Disposal 200.0 50.0
v. Air Pollution control measures 50.0 10.0
vi. Environmental Monitoring --- 50.0
Total 4071.6 3116.0
Risk analysis involves the identification and assessment of risks the persons
involved in the proposed project and the neighboring populations are exposed to as
a result of hazard occurrence. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure
probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of population etc. Much of this
information is difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk analysis is often
confined to maximum credible accident studies.
In the sections below, the identification of various hazards, probable risks in the
proposed Silk Park, maximum credible accident analysis and consequence analysis,
which gives a broad identification of risks involved, are addressed. Based on the risk
estimation for fuel storage, a Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been presented.
TABLE-6.2
PROPERTIES OF STORAGE FUELS
Based on the analysis of past accident information, common causes of accidents are
identified as:
Poor housekeeping;
Improper use of tools, equipment, facilities;
Unsafe or defective equipment facilities;
Lack of proper procedures;
Failure to follow prescribed procedures;
Jobs not understood;
Lack of awareness of involved hazards;
Lack of guides and safety devices; and
Lack of protective equipment and clothing.
Often, human errors are not analyzed while accident reporting and accident reports
only provide information about equipment and/or component failures. Hence, a
great deal of uncertainty surrounds analysis of failure of human systems and
consequent damages.
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Methodology
An assessment of the conceptual design is conducted for the purpose of identifying
and examining hazards related to utility and support systems, environmental
factors, facilities, and safeguards.
6.2.3 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
A preliminary hazard analysis is carried out initially to identify the major hazards
associated with storages in the proposed project. This is followed by consequence
analysis to quantify these hazards. No major hazards with potential for any
emergency situation exist in the project site. The other hazards related to the
storage areas are given below in Table-6.3 and the preliminary hazard analysis for
the proposed project is given in Table-6.4.
6.2.4 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCAA)
Hazardous substances may be released as a result of failures or catastrophes,
causing possible damage to the surrounding area.
TABLE-6.3
PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR PROCESS AND STORAGE AREAS
Equipment Process Potential Hazard Provision
Diesel Generator Converts mechanical Mechanical hazards As above
energy into electrical and fire hazards in
energy.
1. Lube oil system
2. Cable galleries
3. Short circuits
Power - Fire and explosion All electrical fittings
Transformers and cables are
provided as per the
specified standards.
Switch Yard - Fire in cable galleries As above
control room and switch
HSD Storage Used as fuel for DG Fire & explosion Leaks detection
within DG set set. system will be
provided.
TABLE-6.4
PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS IN GENERAL
PHA Description of Recommendation Provision
Category Plausible Hazard
Environ- If there is any - All electrical fittings and cables
mental leakage and will be provided as per the
factors eventuality of specified standards. All motor
source of ignition. starters are flame proof.
Highly inflammable A well designed fire Fire extinguisher of small size
nature of fuels may protection including and big size are provided at all
cause fire hazard in protein foam, dry potential fire hazard places. In
the storage facility. powder, CO2 extinguisher addition to the above, fire
should be provided. hydrant network is also
provided.
A disastrous situation may arise due to outcome of fire, explosion or toxic hazards in
addition to other natural causes, which eventually lead to loss of life, property and
ecological imbalance.
Major hazards posed by flammable storage can be identified taking recourse to MCA
analysis. Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the
event, the maximum effect on the surrounding environment and the respective
damage caused can be assessed.
The results of consequence analysis are useful for getting information about all
known and unknown effects that are of importance when some failure scenario
occurs in the proposed project and also to get information as how to deal with the
possible catastrophic events. It also gives the residents in the project and people
living in the vicinity of the area, an understanding of their personal situation.
Damage Criteria
The Inbuilt storage of HSD in the DG Set and unloading facility may lead to fire and
explosion hazards. The damage criteria due to accidental release of any
hydrocarbon arise from fire and explosion. The vapors of these fuels are not toxic
and hence no effects of toxicity are expected.
Tank fire will occur if the radiation intensity is high on the peripheral surface of
the tank leading to increase in internal tank pressure. Pool fire will occur when
fuel collected in the dyke due to leakage gets ignited.
Fire Damage
A flammable liquid in a pool will burn with a large turbulent diffusion flame. This
releases heat based on the heat of combustion and the burning rate of the liquid. A
part of the heat is radiated while the rest is convicted away by rising hot air and
combustion products. The radiations can heat the contents of a nearby storage or
process unit to above its ignition temperature and thus result in a spread of fire. The
radiations can also cause severe burns or fatalities of workers or fire fighters located
within a certain distance. Hence, it will be important to know beforehand the
damage potential of a flammable liquid pool likely to be created due to leakage or
catastrophic failure of a storage or process vessel. This will help to decide the
location of other storage vessels and decide the type of protective clothing the
workers/fire fighters need, the duration of time for which they can be in the zone,
the fire extinguishing measures needed and the protection methods needed for the
nearby storage/process vessels. The damage effects on people and equipment due
to thermal radiation intensity are presented in Tables-6.5 and Table-6.6
respectively.
TABLE-6.5
DAMAGE DUE TO INCIDENT RADIATION INTENSITIES
The effect of incident radiation intensity and exposure time on lethality is given in
Table- 6.6.
TABLE-6.6
RADIATION EXPOSURE AND LETHALITY
In case of Explosion:
This accident scenario has considerable damage potential. In such scenario the
following steps should be taken:
This accident scenario has considerable damage potential. In such case the
following steps have to be taken up:
In case of leakage of oil from flanges, valves, tail ends or during transfer from
truck tanker (TTS):
Disasters can be divided into two main groups. In the first, disasters resulting
from natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storm surges,
cyclones, tropical storms, floods, avalanches, landslides, forest fires etc. The
second group includes disastrous events occasioned by man, or man’s impact
upon the environment. Examples are armed conflict, radiation accidents, campus
fires, river pollution, air, sea, rail and road transport accidents and can reach
catastrophic dimensions in terms of human loss.
There can be no set criteria for assessing the gravity of a disaster in the abstract
since this depends to a large extent on the physical, economic and social
environment in which it occurs. What would be considered a major disaster in a
developing country, ill-equipped to cope with the problems involved may not
mean more than a temporary emergency elsewhere. However, all disaster brings
in their wake similar consequences that call for immediate action, whether at the
local, national or international level, for the rescue and relief of the victims. This
includes the search for the dead and injured and removal of debris and social
care, the provision of temporary shelter to the homeless food, clothing and
medical supplies, and the rapid re-establishment of essential services.
The impact of the proposed project will begin with the starting up of the
construction activities at the site. The proposed construction will provide
employment to considerable number of skilled, semi-skilled and un-skilled
construction labourers. In normal circumstances, the local people will be given
preference for the unskilled activities, as there are many construction laborers in
the vicinity of the project and are expected to be available with normal wages.
Presently, a large number of skilled and semi-skilled technicians and labourers
who in-migrated from various parts of India have been engaged in many
companies on wages/contract basis. Similar technicians and skilled workers will
either be brought or sourced from the local area for construction of the proposed
project.
The peak labour force required during the construction period will be about 1000
per day and it is anticipated that about two thirds of the labour force will be
sourced from the local area. Provision of wage employment to the local populace
during construction period of the project will benefit the local area to some
extent. This will enhance the income levels of the construction labourers and lead
for their socio-economic wellbeing during the construction phase of the proposed
project, which will be positive impact due to the project.
In addition, the real estate in the region will get a boon and the land prices are
likely to shoot-up as part of speculation. Normally, the construction activity will
benefit the local populace in a number of ways, which include the requirement of
skilled, semi-skilled and un-skilled construction labourers, tertiary sector
employment and provision of goods and services for daily needs including
transport. In line with the above, some more recommendations are given below:
The proposed silk park is well designed and uses the sustainable development
policy;
To create an environment that could support the culture of good standards;
To emphasise the policy of afforestation and rainwater harvesting to create a
better micro climate in the area;
A well designing of drainage system provided for controls of overflow of water
during the rainy season; and
To create a healthy environment for the residents.
Some of the key economic benefits the Project would generate are listed below:
Production Capacity
The estimated production capacity of the park is presented in the Table-7.2.
TABLE 7.2
ESTIMATED PRODUCTION CAPACITY
The aggregate investment in the Park is expected to exceed Rs. 266/- crores as
indicated in the Table 7.3.
TABLE 7.3
EXPECTED INVESTMENT
Amount
Sr. No. Investment details
(Rs. Crores)
1 Land, Factory Buildings, Plant & Machinery 180.88
2 Common Infrastructure and Facilities 85.12
Total 266.0
TABLE 7.4
ECONOMY BENEFITS
8.1 Introduction
The Management Action Plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to
the possible extent with the best available technology followed by treatment
measures before they are discharged to the environment.
Identify and evaluate the environmental effects arising from the proposed
activities, and services to determine those of significance;
Environmental Policy
The top management will actively initiate, develop and support the environmental
policy, which is relevant to its proposed activities and services at the project and
their environmental effects.
The policy for Environment Management will be proposed to create sound and
ecofriendly environment for sustainable development in and around the project
premises.
To facilitate the implementation of the EMS, one of the most important aspects
relate to the organization and personnel. The related issues are:
The objectives will be set with a view to realizing gradual and steady
improvements in environmental performance through application of best available
and economically viable practices.
The areas targeted for improvement will be those where improvements are most
necessary to reduce risks (to environment & the project) and liabilities. These will
be identified through cost-benefit analysis wherever practicable.
Operational Control
PAHSPL will prepare Environment Management plan (EMP) and establish and
maintain a system of records to demonstrate compliance with the environmental
management systems and the extent of achievement of the environmental
objectives and targets. In addition, the other records (legislative, audit and
review reports) and management records will address the following:
The management audits are to determine whether the activities are conforming
to the environmental management systems and effective in implementing the
environmental policy. They may be internal or external, but carried out
impartially and effectively by a person properly trained for it. Broad knowledge of
the environmental process and expertise in relevant disciplines is also required.
Appropriate audit programs and protocols will be established.
Environmental Statement
To identify the areas where resources can be used more efficiently through a
comparison with the figures of a similar project (thereby reducing the
consumption of resources);
To determine the areas where waste generation can be minimized at source
and through end of pipe treatment (thereby reducing the wastes generated
and discharged); and
To initiate a self-correcting/improvement system through an internal analysis
to achieve cost reduction through more efficient practices.
In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the
allowable values, the Environment Management Cell suggests remedial action and
gets these suggestions implemented through the concerned plant authorities. The
actual operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment of each unit is
under the respective plant managers. The Environment Management Cell also co-
ordinates all the related activities such as collection of statistics of health of
workers and population of the region, afforestation and green belt development.
Head of PAHSPL
Manager – Environment /
Environment Engineer / Scientist
FIGURE-8.1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT CELL
9.1 Introduction
PAHSPL proposes the following operating units within the premises of the silk
park of 30.35 ha:
The proposed silk park will be developed at S. No. 3/3B, Kilkadhirpur village,
Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. The study area (10 km radius) of the proposed
project is covered in the survey of India toposheet nos. 57 P/9 & P/10.
TABLE-9.1
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING AROUND THE PROPOSED SITE
The proposed project is a silk park with facilities for manufacture of Silk sarees
and other products like Silk Dress material etc.. The proposed silk park will be
installed with facilities for silk looms, silk dyeing, cotton dyeing, warping, sizing,
embroidery & garment manufacturing.
The proposed project will be developed in 30.35 ha (75 acres) land with a total
built-up area of 55,000 Sq.m. The proposed project consists of processing zone,
OSR area, common infrastructures like road, drainage, etc and service area
including CETP, RWH area.
The salient features of the proposed silk park are given in Table-9.2.
TABLE-9.2
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED SILK PARK
The present report incorporates the baseline data generated during summer season
(March 2013 to May 2013) and secondary data collected from various Government,
Semi-Government and Public sector organizations.
The land use pattern of the study area has been studied by analyzing the
available secondary data published in the District Census Handbooks and based
on satellite imagery data. The land use analyses show that the area is of
predominantly Plantation followed by Crop land in the core and buffer zones of
the study area. It is noticed since there is no industrial development in and
around the project site, there may not have any direct impact on the existing
land use and soil. However, it is generally agreed that as the total volume of
transport activity may increase due to the development leading to negative
externalities like pollution and congestion. Some environmental damage may be
acceptable if transport activity generates positive net benefits to society.
A total of six samples in the study area were collected for the assessment of soil
quality. It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly sandy loam in the
study area. It has been observed that the pH of the soil ranged from 6.48 to 6.7.
The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 114-124
μmhos/cm, with the maximum observed at Kilkadhirpur (S6) and the minimum at
Project site (S1) during the study period.
9.3.3 Meteorology
To establish the baseline status of the ambient air quality in the study area, the
air quality was monitored at eight locations.
The concentrations of the PM10 in the study area are relatively lower and range in
between 50.6 to 72.9 µg/m3.
The SO2 values recorded at the site during the study period was observed in the
range of 6.2 to 11.3 µg/m3 during summer season (2013) and concentrations of
the other gaseous components like NO2, CO in the study area which are well
within the limits specified in NAAQS of CPCB, with present level of activities.
Six ground water samples and one surface water sample within the study area
were considered for assessment.
Based on the results of the parameters analyzed for the surface water sample, it is
evident that most of the parameters of the samples comply with IS:2296 (Class C)
standards indicating their suitability for drinking and other purposes after
conventional treatment followed by disinfection. The parameters in ground waters
fairly meet the desirable standard limits of IS: 10500.
The noise monitoring has been conducted at ten locations in the study area.
As per 2001 census, the study area has a total population of 273616 persons. About
42.24 % of the population in the study area belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and
1.2 % to Scheduled Tribes (ST). The study area demonstrates an average literacy
rate of 56.09%. The main workers work out to be 30.49% of the total population.
The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 17.10% and 52.02 % of the
total population respectively.
The environmental impacts due to the proposed silk park project have been
assessed and adequate management plan has been devolved to mitigate the
impacts.
9.4.1 Topography
The cutting and filling will be balanced at project site itself. The entire fill material
shall be sourced within park itself.
Further, there will not be any major climatological changes due to the proposed silk
park.
During the operational phase of the silk park, the continuous air emissions are
expected to be from the standby DG sets (4 nos. x 500 KVA), boiler (6 TPH) used
for CETP and vehicular traffic inside the park. Hence, expected air emissions at
the vicinity of the project site will be PM, NOX, SO2, CO, un-burnt HC and smoke.
The total water requirement for the proposed facilities will be met from proposed
borewells within plant site. The sewage generated from weaving section and
sanitary wastewater to the tune of 392 KLD will be routed to the CSTP, which is
adequate to handle the load. The treated wastewater from STP will be reused for
greenbelt development and flushing purposes, thus conserving water resources.
Trade effluent generated from cotton yarn & sizing units (3200 KLD), silk dyeing
units (450 KLD) will be routed to separate CETP modules for treatment. No
discharge from the CETP is envisaged as the process is based on Zero Liquid
Discharge (ZLD) system. Adequate storm water drainages will be provided along
the factory sheds, layouts, office sheds and other access roads to drain off the
storm water during rainy season.
There will not be any increase in ambient noise levels at the proposed site due to
the proposed facilities. Noise will be generated from various facilities in the park
due to operation of machineries, DG Sets etc. However, the individual operators
will provide necessary controlled equipments like acoustic enclosures, mufflers
and the proposed greenbelt development will also acts as noise barrier.
The construction activities will result in loss of topsoil to some extent in the park
area. The topsoil removed during the leveling will be stacked separately and will
be used during the greenbelt development. Apart from localized constructional
impacts at the park site, no significant adverse impact on the soil in the
surrounding area is anticipated.
Solid waste generated from the proposed additional facilities would be basically
the food waste and garbage from the canteen and sludge generated from CETP.
Ash generated from burning of biomass shall be sent to co-processing units. The
entire solid waste generated from the park will be managed/ disposed as per
TNPCB/CPCB norms. The hazardous waste shall be sent to authorized recyclers.
Hence, the impact on soil due to solid waste and wastewater generation is not
envisaged to be significant.
There are no wild life sanctuaries within the 10 km of the project site. No
endangered fauna present in 10 km radius area.
Noise generated from the operation of the machineries may drive away the local
fauna to the neighbouring areas. However, these emissions during the operational
phase will be restricted to within the boundary of the site. Also, development of
adequate green belt to the site in the park will help in reducing the impacts on the
flora and fauna as the plant species will act as air and noise pollution sink. Thus,
the impact on the terrestrial ecology of the area would be insignificant.
The project will definitely help for the improvement of the socio-economic status
of the society in the region by generating direct or indirect employment
opportunities.
No land acquisition issues are thus involved. Hence, there are no Resettlement &
Rehabilitation issues are involved due to this project.
The proposed project is an integrated silk park with dyeing units and thus
involved in causing considerable water pollution and environmental degradation,
with negligible adverse impacts on air & noise quality. With the implementation of
the proposed pollution control and environment management measures, the
anticipated impacts due to construction and operation of the proposed project will
be mitigated.
The proposed silk park will be provided with a fully operational ZLD-CETP, thus no
effluent will be let out of the project premises, completely eradicating the possible
water quality degradation due to the generation of dyeing effluent from the
proposed facilities.
Presently the project site is a barren land and has no vegetation. With the
proposed extensive green belt and landscaping, the environment within the
premises will definitely improve.
9.9 Conclusion
The proposed project has certain level of adverse impacts on the local
environment. With the effective implementation of the environment management
plan, suggested in Chapter-4, the proposed project will have no significant
environmental impacts.
TABLE-9.3
ANTICIPATED ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
Probable
Discipline Potential Negative Impacts Mitigative Measures Remarks
Sources
Constructional Impact
Water Quality Increase in suspended solids Loose soil at During monsoon season run-off from construction site ---
due to soil run-off during heavy construction will be routed to a temporary sedimentation tank for
precipitation site settlement of suspended solids
Air Quality Increase in dust and NOx Vehicular Isolate the construction area with flexible enclosures/ Construction vehicles will
concentration movements, curtains so that the air emissions will not spread in the be maintained properly
excavation surroundings. for reducing air pollution
and leveling levels from vehicle
activity Sprinkling of water in the construction area and unpaved exhausts.
roads. Proper maintenance of vehicles will be done.
Probable
Discipline Potential Negative Impacts Mitigative Measures Remarks
Sources
Noise Increase in noise level Construction Develop and implement a construction noise Equipment will be kept in
equipment management plan. good condition to keep
the noise level within 90-
Limit hours of construction where practical. dB (A).
Where blasting occurs, pit shapes and blast campaigns Workers will be provided
will be designed such that the blast faces are oriented with necessary protective
away from noise sensitive receivers. equipment e.g. earplugs,
earmuffs.
Terrestrial Clearing of vegetation Soil enabling Landscaping and extensive plantation will be done Open spaces reserved
Ecology activities will be green turfed and
appropriate type of
plantations will be done
in these parks
Socio- Land oustees Land The proposed site is presently free from encumbrances, --
economics Acquisition hence private land acquisition and resultant
rehabilitation and resettlement issues are not involved
Excavated Loss of excavated top soil Excavation The topsoil will be properly stored and used for leveling --
Material in the low-lying area. The construction debris will be
used to level the low lying area
Operational Impact
Water Quality Deterioration of quality of Discharge Provide adequate treatment and conditioning facilities so All wastewater generated
receiving water body, if any. from domestic that the treated sewage/effluent conforms to the will be treated in
and regulatory standards. STP/ZLD-CETP and
process/dyein treated wastewater from
g effluent STP will be reused for
landscaping and flushing.
Probable
Discipline Potential Negative Impacts Mitigative Measures Remarks
Sources
Noise Increase in noise levels from Vehicular Equipment will be designed to conform to noise levels There will be no major
the project movement prescribed by regulatory agencies impacts due to Noise in
and DG set the project.
operation
Green belt will be
developed all along the
boundary wall for
attenuating the noise
Air Quality Increase in dust and gaseous Vehicular Usage of Bharat-III/Euro-III compliant vehicles. The resultant air quality
pollutants in ambient air traffic, Stack will conform to the
emissions Usage of Ultrapure low sulphur fuel for transportation stipulated standards.
from DG set, and for DG set.
Boiler Adequate stack heights
Motorable roads in the project will be paved to reduce will be provided to DG
dust emission. Sets for the proper
dispersion of pollutants
Ensure operational procedures are adequately Emissions from DG sets
implemented and regularly reviewed so as to identify will be controlled to
opportunities for continual improvement. below regulatory
standards
Traffic Impacts Impact on infrastructure and Automobile Improvement of infrastructure, provision of the proper Proper roads will reduce
impact on air quality and noise movement parking yard and evaluate impact of traffic density and the dust emissions to a
levels vehicular emissions. great extent.
Solid waste Impact on human health Domestic All solid waste will be segregated at source and -
usage Biodegradable waste will be vermin composted and non-
biodegradable waste will be given to authorized agents
for disposal.
Probable
Discipline Potential Negative Impacts Mitigative Measures Remarks
Sources
Demography Strain on existing amenities like Influx of All ultra-modern civic amenities will be provided inside The proposed project
and Socio- housing, water sources and people of the complex would generate
economics sanitation and infrastructure proposed employment both directly
facilities. project. and indirectly.
Terrestrial Impact on plant species Vehicular It is recommended to develop greenbelt to an extent of As emissions will be
Ecology movement 10.72 ha (35.32%). within limits, no active
and emissions damage to vegetation is
from stack Part of the treated wastewater from domestic uses can expected.
be used for greenbelt development
Storm water Impact on water resources Rain water Provide separate storm water drainage network Separate storm water
Control etc., drains will be provided
Provide rainwater harvesting structures for conservation
of rainwater
Fire and Safety Accidents / disasters related to Storage of Prepare DMP and implement DMP A well-laid firefighting
fire and safety HSD, system and fire
chemicals, extinguishers will be
etc., installed as per fire safety
norms. Regular fire
safety training and mock
drills will also be
conducted.
10.1 Introduction
VIMTA - Environment Division has been in the forefront of its vision to provide
better environment through guiding and assisting the industry for sustainable
development. A stalwart in the mission to protect and preserve the natural
resources on earth for future generations, Vimta offers extensive research and
consultancy services in the field of Environment. With its rich experience, multi-
disciplinary expertise and with the support of its state-of the-art analytical
equipment, the services offered by Vimta are wide ranging and encompasses
entire gamut of Environment Management and Monitoring Services. With its
emphasis on quality services, Vimta, over the years, has evolved itself into a
single reference point in India for Comprehensive Environmental Services.
10.2 The Quality Policy
Spread over the 70,000 Sq.ft lush green garden premises at Cherlapally,
Hyderabad (India), the scientifically designed and meticulously groomed
infrastructural facility of the Central Laboratory of VIMTA has the most
sophisticated instruments backed by an excellent team of professionals. The
40,000 Sq.ft, three-storied, 120 roomed, centrally air conditioned state-of-the-art
Laboratory equipped with Rs.100 million worth analytical instruments and
computerized data management systems, all under one roof is perhaps the only
one of its kind in South Asia in the contract testing and research sector.
Vimta offers various services under the following divisions:
Environment;
Analytical;
Clinical Reference Lab; and
Clinical Research.
The environment division of VIMTA Labs Limited (Vimta) has its presence all over
India including a strong association with international consultants like Japan Bank
for International Cooperation (JBIC), Kennametal Inc. - USA, BBL - UK, Rudal
Blanchard – UK, E&E Solutions – Japan, NEPESCO & KNPC – Kuwait, Marafiq –
Saudi Arabia and others. Vimta has the following credentials:
Recognitions by BIS;
Recognitions by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India;
Recognitions by State Pollution Control Boards (wherever applicable) ;
Recognitions by Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India (NABL) ;
Recognitions by Ministry of Defense, Govt. of India;
Recognitions by APEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India;
Recognitions by Saudi Arabia Standard Organization (SASO), Saudi Arabia;
Recognitions from NEMC, Tanzania;
Accreditations by NCTCF;
Certification from Standard Australia;
Recognition from ANVISA Brazil;
Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC 17025; and
Quality Assurance Services as per ICH Guidelines
10.6 Services
10.7 Facilities
The fact that Environment division and its supporting Site Laboratories are
accredited by NABL (IS0-17025) and Ministry of Environment and Forests and by
other international bodies such as Asian Development Bank (ADB) and World
Bank stands testimony to its emphasis on Quality Systems.
10.9 Achievements
Being the first laboratory to be recognized under Environment Protection (EP) Act
by GOI in 1986, Environment Division with its best mind power and industrial
knowledge competency that allows it to compare with the best in the business.
The Environment Division till date has executed about 350 Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environment Management Studies with Risk
Assessment and Disaster Management Plans and obtained statutory
approvals.
Supported by the strong modern laboratory support and experienced hands,
Environment division is well equipped in conducting Due Diligence, Phase-I
and Phase-II studies.
Undertaken specialized studies such as Regional Environmental Impact
Assessment on Carrying Capacity Principle; Upper Air Meteorological studies
using SODAR for major Industrial Complexes.
Associated with prestigious studies such as Environmental Pollution
monitoring around Taj Trapezium, Pre and Post Satellite launch studies for
SHAR, ISRO and monitoring for offshore Oil & Gas exploration for deep-sea
water and sediment sampling.
The services offered include vide spectrum of industries covering Power,
Chemical, Cement, Mining, Steel & Alloys, Metallurgical, Dye & Intermediates,
Bulk Drugs, Pesticides, Agro-Chemicals, Petro-Chemicals, Refineries, Pulp &
Paper, Oil & Gas Exploration & Production, Asbestos, Infrastructure, River
valley, Foundries etc.
The Environment division has also offered its services to major infrastructure
projects such as Ports, Oil & Gas Pipelines, Green field Air Ports, Roads and
Highways.
10. Individual and/ or common facilities for Domestic wastes will be properly
waste collection, treatment, recycling an segregated and composted. Hazardous
disposal (all effluent, emission and refuse wastes generated in the premise will be
including MSW and hazardous wastes). disposed through Treatment Storage and
Disposal Facility. (TSDF)
11. Commitment from concerned authorities The letters from concerned bodies are
regarding availability of power, water and attached as Annexures.
sewerage network
12. Details of solid waste management including Hazardous wastes generated in the
arrangements for hazardous waste premise will be disposed through
management and e-waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility.
(TSDF)
13. Details of provisions made for safety in Storage of raw materials, products and
storage of materials, products and wastes. wastes are properly segregated and will
stored according to material compatibility.
14. Details of industries for which CETP facility is The raw materials used in the CETP are
proposed including raw materials used for provided in Chapter-2, Pg. No. 26
products manufactured
15. Details of water requirement with water Water requirement with water balance are
balance for various units. provided in Chapter-2, Pg. No. 51 & 52
16. Expected quantity of wastewater from each The expected quantity wastewater from
industry and justification for selecting the the proposed project is provided in
proposed capacity of treatment plant/ Chapter-2, Pg. No. 53. The details of the
modules treatment modules are provided in
Chapter-2, Pg. No. 53 – 70.
17. Characteristics of effluent and proposed The characteristics of the effluent and
segregation of streams, if any from proposed stream are provided in Chapter-
individual industries 2, Pg. No. 57 & 64.
18. Details of conveyance of the effluent from The pipeline layout is provided in Chapter-
the units to the proposed CETP along with 22, Pg. No.47.
the layout plan indicating the pipeline route
26. Proposed monitoring protocol for stage wise The proposed monitoring protocol are
quality w.r.t various characteristics and provided in Chapter-5.
maintenance schedules followed for all the
rotating equipment including lubricating/ oil
fill, operational chemicals and laboratory
chemicals
27. For any sensitive environmental parameters Improved materials are going to be used
such as heavy metals, fluorides etc, details for construction and the materials will be
on improved material of construction of painted regularly to prevent corrosion.
tanks and other equipment such as corrosive
resistance, allowance etc.,
28. Details of power consumption and stand-by The details on the power consumption and
arrangements like the diesel generator (DG) back up facility are provided in Chapter-2,
Sets, dual fuel (gas & oil) for uninterrupted Pg. No. 53
operation of treatment plant
29. Impact of the project on local infrastructure The impact of the project on local
of the study area such as road network, etc. infrastructure, details of agency
if the study area requires any other responsible are provided in Chapter-3 and
infrastructure, details of the agency Chapter-4.
responsible for the same should be included
along with the time frame
30. Details of laboratory, workshop, database, All the mentioned will be established
library, waste exchanger centers etc. in CETP during the construction phase and will be
in use in operation phase of the project
31. Availability of the land for proper treatment The land split up is provided in Chapter-2,
for ultimate capacity and to accommodate Pg. No.25. The CETP has been designed
required greenbelt development based on ultimate capacity. 35% of total
land area has been allotted for greenbelt
development.
32. Details of proposed methods of water Proposed rainwater harvesting system are
conservation and recharging provided in Chaper-2, Pg. No. 44. Water
conservation methods are briefly given in
Chapter-2.
33. Management plan of solid/ hazardous waste The solid waste management is provided in
generation, storage, utilization and disposal Chapter-4, Pg. No. 70- 72
34. Detailed plan of treated wastewater disposal Treated wastewater reuse are shown in
/ reuse/ utilization and disposal water balance in Chapter-2, Pg. No. 51
35. Details of odour problem and its The effluent management systems have
management the sufficient capability to control odour.
36. Details of greenbelt development along with The details of the greenbelt are provided in
the budget/ area indicated in the Chapter-2, Pg. no. 72
Environment Management Plan (EMP)
37. Details of environmental audit proposed for The environmental audit will proposed at
the project the operational stage of the project
38. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such Details regarding construction phase are
as sanitation, fuel storage, rest room etc, to provided in Chapter-4, Pg. No. 125
the workers during construction and
operation phase
39. Details of agreements made between CETP Details of the CETP member units
member units specifying details including the specifying details are provided in
characteristics of effluent Annexure-XV.
40. Details on equity by the member industries/ The equity details can be collected only
non–refundable membership fee to ensure after the construction phase.
continuity of CETP membership and financial
model etc.,
41. Any litigation pending against the project Not Applicable
and / or any direction/ order passed by any
Court of law related to the environmental
pollution and impacts in the last two years, if
COMPLIANCE REPORT
TERMS OF REFERENCE ISSUED BY SEIAA, TAMILNADU
LR.NO. SEIAA-TN/F.No.683/M-XXXVI/TOR-111/2012 dated 15.04.2013 &
LR. NO. SEIAA-TN/F 683/7(c) and 7(h)/TOR-EXTN/227/2015 dated 09.10.2015
National parks
Wild life sanctuaries, Game reserve
Tiger reserve/elephant reserve/turtle
nesting ground
Mangrove area, Wetlands
Reserved and Protected forests, etc.
Any other closed/protected area
under the Wild Life (Protection) Act,
1972, any other area locally applicable
Anticipated Environmental impacts and mitigation measures
64. Anticipated generic environmental impacts Impacts of the project and its magnitude
due to this project are indicated in Table are briefed in Chapter-4.
-4.2, which may be evaluated for
significance and based on corresponding
likely impacts VECs may be identified.
Baseline studies may be conducted for all the
concerned Valued Environmental
Components (VECs) and likely impacts will
have to be assessed for their magnitude in
guidance.
65. While identifying the likely impacts, also Anticipated impacts of the projects are
include the following for analysis of briefed in Chapter-4.
significance and required mitigation
measures:
Impacts due to transportation of raw
materials and end products on the
surrounding environment
Impacts on surface water, soil and
groundwater
Impacts due to air pollution
Impacts due to odour pollution
Impacts due to noise
Impacts due to fugitive emissions
Impact on health of workers due to
proposed project activities
Impact on the disposal mode-specific
receiving environment
66. Proposed odour control measures. The proposed effluent treatment and
sewage
67. Action plan for the greenbelt The action plan for greenbelt development
development – species, width of are provided in Chapter-4, Pg. No. 143 &
plantations, planning schedule etc. in 144.
accordance to CPCB published guidelines.
68. In case of likely impact from the Not applicable
proposed project on the surrounding
COMPLIANCE REPORT
TERMS OF REFERENCE ISSUED BY SEIAA, TAMILNADU
LR.NO. SEIAA-TN/F.No.683/M-XXXVI/TOR-111/2012 dated 15.04.2013 &
LR. NO. SEIAA-TN/F 683/7(c) and 7(h)/TOR-EXTN/227/2015 dated 09.10.2015
Executive Summary
Production
Sl. No. of capacity per
Activity annum
No Units
Qty Unit
1 Handloom Weaving-I 10 0.43 lac Sarees
(96 Looms)
2 Handloom Weaving-II 25 0.52 lac Sarees
(48 Looms)
3 Silk Dyeing 59 1110 Tonnes
4 Garmenting 4 3 lac Pieces
5 Auto / manual Reeling
/ Twisting /Warping
13 65 Tonnes
6 Embroidery 2 12000 Pieces
7 Printing 1 22000 Pieces
8 Zari Manufacturing 1 7875 Kgs
Total 115
4. Project • Kanchipuram is famous for its handloom silk sarees
Rationale and fabrics. According to Tamil epic ‘Silapadikaram’
the silk handloom weaving activity existed from 2nd
Century AD at Kanchipuram. The location of project,
availability of skilled handloom weavers, power and
water for silk dyeing is proving it to be an ideal place
for silk industry. The proposed project site is located
near Kanchipuram town.
9. Marketing • The proposed Park will have ready market for its
products primarily in Domestic and to certain extent
in all foreign countries
10. Land • Area – 75 acres
• Land Cost – Rs 7.5 crores
• Land is allotted by Govt of Tamilnadu as its
contribution towards equity.
11. Master Plan/ • The Land is proposed to be utilized as under:
Land Use • Common Infrastructure – 31.84 % ( 23.88 acres)
• Common Facilities – 9.89 % ( 7.42 acres)
• Factory Buildings – 46.93 % ( 35.2 acres)
• Open Green Spaces –11.34% ( 8.5 Acres)
12.Common • Roads- 0.5 Km of 24 M and 0.76 Km of 15 Mt and
Infrastructures 3.8 Km of 10 & 12 mts wide
Planned • Water Supply –1 UG Sump, 1 OHT – 150 KLD
• Electricity Demand– 1.00MW
• Storm Water Drainage-4500 Mts for entire park
• Common ETP –0.50 MLD
• Common Sewerage Treatment Plant- 75 KLD
• Standby power -500 kVA
13. Building for The Following Common facilities have been planned in
Common the Park:
Facilities • Exhibition / Display Centre
• Design Studio / R&D Centre
• Testing & Training Centre
• Marketing Centre
• Canteen, Rest House / Crèche
• First Aid Centre
• Central Workshop and Spares
• Admin and Service Providers office
• Raw Material & Finished goods warehouse.
14. Building for • 115 factory sheds have been planned inside the park
Production for silk weaving and Preparatory, silk processing,
Purpose Garmenting and others.
• The total buildup area required for the above
production activities will be 1,40,000 sqm.
Financial Appraisal
Our Recommendation:
In view of the foregoing, The Project may be approved by the Project
Approval Committee (PAC) under SITP.
Co-ordinates
A 12° 49’ 52” N 79° 38’ 43” E
B 12° 49’ 51” N 79° 39’ 12” E
C 12° 49’ 55” N 79° 39’ 14” E
D 12° 49’ 30” N 79° 39’ 13” E
E 12° 49’ 45” N 79° 38’ 49” E
A B C
E
D
5 km Radius Map
SI.No Description Forest Irrigated Un-irrigated Cultivable waste land Area n/a for cultivation Total area
0-3 km radius
1 Kil Kadirpur 0 215.15 105.57 0 310.2 630.92
2 Mel Kadirpur 0 117.3 21.48 0.32 177.83 316.83
3 Mettukuppam 0 76.29 53.8 1.07 50.73 181.99
4 Mettupalayam 0 60.4 155.02 78.85 107.5 401.77
5 Narapakkam 0 89.65 0 49.74 115.51 254.9
6 Venkatapuram 0 39.49 3.22 89.96 135.5 268.17
7 Vippedu 0 134.4 0 111.95 158.53 404.88
8 Vishar 0 195.94 0 46.01 232.62 474.57
Sub total 0 928.62 339.09 377.9 1288.42 2934.03
3-7 km radius
1 Achukattu 0 29 0 0 10.04 39.04
2 Arappanamcheri 0 0 132.15 0 67.35 199.5
3 Ariyaperumbakkam 0 191.74 88.33 0.05 109.72 389.74
4 Erivakkam 0 14.56 13.14 22.89 23.94 74.53
5 Hanumanthapettai 41.6 0 0 0 0 41.6
6 Kilambi 0 285.85 150.21 8.2 229.11 673.37
7 Kolivakkam 0 86.76 0 168.31 314.33 569.4
8 Kuttiramedu 0 230.78 96.12 7.04 164.35 498.29
9 Mel Ottivakkam 0 71.86 73.85 39.04 85.82 270.57
10 Musarapakkam 0 900.02 30 3.9 318.12 1252.04
11 Muttuvedu 0 59.23 0 9.4 69.57 138.2
12 Netteri 0 19.08 0 8.12 63.16 90.36
13 Odatangal 0 127.34 75.8 13.49 77.52 294.15
14 Olukkavakkam 138 397.49 7.37 196.78 254.86 994.5
15 Pappankuli 0 122.9 105.59 16.19 206.2 450.88
16 Perumpakkam 56.1 1215.51 538.75 459.81 488.47 831.96
17 Pichavadi 0 66.11 0 11.7 105.47 183.28
18 Putteri 0 245.03 154.5 9.56 190.08 599.17
19 Settitangal 0 56.81 0 24.97 21.1 102.88
20 Sirukaveripuram 0 32.66 177.3 0 90.42 300.38
21 Sitterimedu 0 38.7 50.51 76.73 49.67 215.61
22 Timmasamudram 0 136.24 120.13 148.36 132.87 537.6
23 Tiruppakuli 0 295 62.94 150.1 72.41 580.45
24 Tulagumtandalam 0 76.29 36.07 0.2 60.76 173.32
25 Velatottam 0 61.47 160.07 0 198.17 419.71
26 Velikkapattadai 0 1.25 0 0 24.61 25.86
Sub total 235.7 4761.68 2072.83 1374.84 3428.12 9946.39
7-10 km radius
1 Arupalayam 0 197.75 253.45 3.38 379.49 834.07
2 Damal 0 973.21 383.8 0.22 505.39 1862.62
3 Edarpalayam 0 141.57 30.18 2.17 329.81 503.73
4 Injambakkam 0 182.09 21.24 15.2 55.4 273.93
5 Karaipettai 0 253.5 109.28 34.67 175.55 572.8
6 Karandai 0 232.29 109.26 109.29 198.32 649.16
7 Kilar 0 264.38 237.68 12.9 286.36 801.32
8 Konnerikuppam 0 266.17 199.44 40.26 447.28 953.15
9 Kuram 0 380.15 232.45 40.08 220.3 872.98
10 Mel Bangaram 0 50.04 23.24 0 42.17 115.45
11 Muttavakkam 0 95.11 24.13 0 88.04 207.28
12 Namandi 0 64.1 2 8.72 56.84 131.66
13 Nellur 0 125.57 124.02 21.91 110.94 381.54
14 Olukkal pattu 0 149.51 65.79 0 33.69 248.99
15 Orikka 0 47.21 0 0 412.37 459.38
16 Padappam 0 26.47 11.55 2.05 5.44 45.51
17 Periya karumbur 0 136.59 28.42 24.58 81.93 271.52
18 Sembarambakkam 0 96.4 95.52 6.83 72.63 271.38
19 Seyyanur 0 1197.98 298.67 852.49 1854.08 4202.32
20 Sinnayankulam 0 50.07 0 0 149.07 199.14
21 Tenambakkam 46.58 199.75 49.16 51.59 90.32 437.4
22 Tirukkalikadu 56.38 0 0 0 10.29 37.84
23 Tiruvadirayapuram 0 53.24 295 1.45 114.81 465.4
24 Vandiyur 0 97.59 55.18 0.75 51.87 205.39
25 Vembakkam 0 59.49 25.63 0.04 46.03 131.09
26 Vishakandikuppam 0 98.16 21.1 19.05 42.05 180.36
Sub total 102.96 5438.39 2696.19 1247.63 5860.47 15315.41
Grand total 338.66 11128.69 5108.11 3000.37 10577.01 28195.83
ANNEXURE-IX
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS
TABLE-1
Location : At Project Site (AAQ1)
CO
S. No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
I II III
1 71.4 23.5 9.3 13.3 495 575 483
2 65.2 21.5 8.9 13.7 513 543 490
3 67.4 22.2 8.4 16.8 495 543 495
4 71.5 23.6 9.1 13.3 543 461 489
5 71.6 23.6 9.6 13.5 495 483 462
6 70.5 23.2 11.3 16.8 495 462 483
7 67.1 22.1 8.2 13.3 495 472 483
8 66.5 21.9 8.6 16.4 472 574 524
9 70.5 23.2 9.6 14.7 489 483 462
10 69.3 22.9 9.0 14.0 462 535 495
11 66.6 22.0 8.9 15.2 483 472 495
12 68.8 22.7 10.0 16.0 574 483 495
13 66.3 21.9 8.6 16.4 543 466 495
14 63.2 20.9 8.7 16.7 461 543 472
15 64.9 21.4 9.6 16.8 478 461 472
16 66.3 21.9 8.772 16.7 483 483 472
17 70.6 23.3 9.5 15.7 472 483 469
18 71.2 23.5 10.0 16.4 477 483 466
19 66.7 22.0 11.3 16.7 472 495 483
20 67.4 22.2 9.3 16.8 543 543 543
21 65.4 21.6 9.8 16.6 462 495 543
22 68.0 22.4 10.0 16.2 495 462 483
23 72.3 23.8 11.3 16.7 483 495 543
24 69.9 23.1 9.0 14.2 524 529 543
25 66.1 21.8 9.4 16.4 478 495 461
26 65.4 21.6 9.6 15.7 462 490 543
Maximum 72.3 23.8 11.3 16.8 575
Minimum 63.2 20.9 8.2 13.3 461
Average 68.1 22.5 9.5 15.5 496
98 %tile 71.9 23.7 11.3 16.8 574
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) ng/m3, Lead (Pb), Ozone (O3)
Ammonia (NH3), Arsenic (As) ng/m3 and Nickel (Ni) ng/m3
are Below the Detectable Limit
3
All the values except BaP, As, Ni and Hg are expressed as µg/m
ANNEXURE-IX
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS
TABLE-2
Location : Kutteramedu (AAQ2)
CO
S. No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
I II III
1 72.0 23.8 8.8 12.7 472 546 460
2 65.7 21.7 10.8 14.7 489 518 489
3 67.9 22.4 8.2 12.7 472 472 472
4 72.1 23.8 8.7 13.5 518 518 483
5 72.2 23.8 9.2 13.0 472 489 529
6 71.1 23.5 8.3 13.7 472 575 460
7 67.7 22.3 8.3 12.8 483 466 460
8 67.0 22.1 8.2 13.9 460 546 541
9 71.1 23.5 9.2 14.1 472 460 552
10 69.9 23.1 8.6 13.4 518 518 472
11 67.2 22.2 8.4 14.6 460 575 610
12 69.4 22.9 9.5 13.4 546 598 472
13 66.9 22.1 8.2 15.7 518 460 472
14 63.8 21.1 8.3 16.0 575 518 575
15 65.5 21.6 9.2 13.0 589 472 518
16 66.9 22.1 8.4 14.5 460 460 604
17 71.2 23.5 9.1 14.7 472 518 460
18 71.8 23.7 9.5 12.4 483 460 598
19 67.3 22.2 10.8 14.1 460 472 460
20 67.9 22.4 8.8 14.7 518 518 518
21 66.0 21.8 9.3 12.8 460 472 518
22 68.6 22.6 9.5 13.2 472 466 460
23 72.9 24.1 10.8 14.3 460 472 518
24 70.5 23.3 8.6 13.6 489 460 518
25 66.6 22.0 8.9 12.4 518 472 472
26 66.0 21.8 9.2 14.2 575 518 518
Maximum 72.9 24.1 10.8 16.0 610
Minimum 63.8 21.1 8.2 12.4 460
Average 68.7 22.7 9.0 13.8 501
98 %tile 72.6 23.9 10.8 15.9 601
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) ng/m3, Lead (Pb), Ozone (O3)
Ammonia (NH3), Arsenic (As) ng/m3 and Nickel (Ni) ng/m3
are Below the Detectable Limit
3
All the values except BaP, As, Ni and Hg are expressed as µg/m
ANNEXURE-IX
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS
TABLE-3
Location : Kilambi (AAQ3)
CO
S. No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
I II III
1 58.9 19.5 8.2 10.7 466 519 466
2 53.8 17.8 7.9 11.9 464 492 483
3 55.6 18.4 7.4 13.5 472 492 467
4 59.1 19.5 8.1 10.5 492 466 483
5 59.2 19.5 8.6 11.1 467 472 518
6 58.2 19.2 7.8 11.6 466 467 467
7 55.4 18.3 7.3 12.3 489 490 469
8 54.9 18.1 7.7 10.4 483 519 518
9 58.2 19.2 8.6 11.1 483 495 500
10 57.2 18.9 8.0 10.4 467 483 489
11 55.0 18.2 7.9 13.7 466 466 472
12 56.8 18.7 8.9 11.6 519 472 466
13 54.8 18.1 7.7 10.6 492 518 472
14 54.7 18.0 7.8 13.0 490 492 518
15 53.8 17.7 8.6 11.1 466 529 490
16 54.8 18.1 9.6 12.3 490 518 559
17 58.3 19.2 8.5 11.0 469 467 527
18 58.8 19.4 8.9 11.6 500 483 550
19 55.1 18.2 9.7 12.2 472 466 552
20 55.6 18.4 8.2 10.7 492 492 573
21 54.1 17.8 8.7 11.3 469 466 492
22 56.2 18.5 8.9 11.6 529 518 469
23 59.7 19.7 9.6 12.0 483 483 492
24 57.8 19.1 8.0 10.4 495 538 492
25 54.6 18.0 8.3 12.5 518 552 472
26 54.1 17.8 8.6 11.1 535 541 492
Maximum 59.7 19.7 9.7 13.7 573
Minimum 53.8 17.7 7.3 10.4 464
Average 56.3 18.6 8.4 11.5 493
98 %tile 59.4 19.6 9.6 13.6 555
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) ng/m3, Lead (Pb), Ozone (O3)
Ammonia (NH3), Arsenic (As) ng/m3 and Nickel (Ni) ng/m3
are Below the Detectable Limit
3
All the values except BaP, As, Ni and Hg are expressed as µg/m
ANNEXURE-IX
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS
TABLE-4
Location : Mettukuppam (AAQ4)
CO
S. No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
I II III
1 64.5 21.3 8.5 11.3 490 568 478
2 58.9 19.4 9.6 11.6 508 538 460
3 60.9 20.1 7.7 13.9 490 538 490
4 64.6 21.3 8.4 11.3 538 496 460
5 64.8 21.4 9.3 11.5 490 460 472
6 63.7 21.0 8.0 14.1 490 485 478
7 60.7 20.0 7.5 11.3 460 474 478
8 60.1 19.8 7.9 14.0 472 568 460
9 63.7 21.0 7.7 12.5 483 478 472
10 62.7 20.7 8.2 11.9 469 495 490
11 60.2 19.9 8.2 12.9 478 518 490
12 62.2 20.5 9.2 13.7 568 529 500
13 60.0 19.8 7.9 13.9 538 483 490
14 57.2 18.9 9.6 14.2 459 538 472
15 58.7 19.4 8.8 13.7 483 460 518
16 60.0 19.8 9.5 13.9 478 478 495
17 63.8 21.1 8.7 13.4 518 478 460
18 64.4 21.3 9.2 13.9 489 478 472
19 60.3 19.9 9.3 13.6 500 490 478
20 60.9 20.1 8.5 11.3 538 538 538
21 59.2 19.5 8.9 13.6 518 490 538
22 61.5 20.3 9.2 11.4 490 460 478
23 65.3 21.6 8.9 13.4 478 490 538
24 63.2 20.9 8.2 12.1 460 518 538
25 59.8 19.7 9.6 14.1 472 490 460
26 59.2 19.5 8.8 13.4 489 529 538
Maximum 65.3 21.6 9.6 14.2 568
Minimum 57.2 18.9 7.5 11.3 459
Average 61.5 20.3 8.7 12.9 496
98 %tile 65.1 21.5 9.6 14.2 568
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) ng/m3, Lead (Pb), Ozone (O3)
Ammonia (NH3), Arsenic (As) ng/m3 and Nickel (Ni) ng/m3
are Below the Detectable Limit
3
All the values except BaP, As, Ni and Hg are expressed as µg/m
ANNEXURE-IX
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS
TABLE-5
Location : Kilkadhirpur (AAQ5)
CO
S. No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
I II III
1 63.3 20.9 8.5 9.2 481 557 469
2 57.8 19.1 8.2 11.6 499 528 460
3 59.7 19.7 7.7 13.3 481 528 481
4 63.4 20.9 8.4 9.2 528 500 484
5 63.5 21.0 8.9 11.5 481 489 474
6 62.5 20.6 8.1 13.5 481 483 469
7 59.5 19.6 10.5 9.2 483 460 469
8 58.9 19.5 7.9 13.7 460 557 489
9 62.5 20.6 8.9 12.5 518 469 472
10 61.5 20.3 8.3 11.9 460 483 481
11 59.1 19.5 8.2 12.9 469 524 481
12 61.0 20.1 9.3 13.6 557 460 489
13 58.8 19.4 7.9 13.9 528 478 481
14 56.1 18.5 8.1 13.3 518 528 500
15 57.6 19.0 8.9 13.9 483 518 460
16 58.8 19.4 10.4 12.3 469 469 483
17 62.6 20.7 8.8 13.3 460 460 466
18 63.2 20.8 9.3 11.3 472 469 460
19 59.2 19.5 10.4 14.0 472 481 469
20 59.7 19.7 8.5 12.9 528 528 528
21 58.0 19.2 9.0 13.5 495 481 528
22 60.3 19.9 9.3 13.8 481 483 469
23 64.1 21.1 10.4 13.4 469 481 528
24 62.0 20.5 8.3 12.0 495 472 528
25 58.6 19.3 8.7 11.2 460 481 477
26 58.0 19.2 8.9 13.3 469 460 528
Maximum 64.1 21.1 10.5 14.0 557
Minimum 56.1 18.5 7.7 9.2 460
Average 60.4 19.9 8.8 12.5 489
98 %tile 63.8 21.1 10.5 14.0 557
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) ng/m3, Lead (Pb), Ozone (O3)
Ammonia (NH3), Arsenic (As) ng/m3 and Nickel (Ni) ng/m3
are Below the Detectable Limit
3
All the values except BaP, As, Ni and Hg are expressed as µg/m
ANNEXURE-IX
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS
TABLE-6
Location : Kudumkulam (AAQ6)
CO
S. No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
I II III
1 57.1 18.8 6.9 9.5 469 503 460
2 52.1 17.2 6.6 9.8 472 476 474
3 53.9 17.8 8.3 14.7 489 476 474
4 57.2 18.9 6.8 9.5 476 460 460
5 57.3 18.9 7.2 9.7 524 513 474
6 56.4 18.6 6.5 12.7 537 500 489
7 53.7 17.7 6.1 9.6 489 483 500
8 53.2 17.5 6.4 14.5 531 503 506
9 56.4 18.6 8.5 10.6 469 460 466
10 55.4 18.3 6.7 12.5 474 474 500
11 53.3 17.6 6.6 10.9 460 500 490
12 55.0 18.2 7.5 11.5 503 489 460
13 53.1 17.5 8.4 9.5 476 460 469
14 50.6 16.7 6.5 12.0 489 476 460
15 51.9 17.1 7.2 9.1 460 507 481
16 53.1 17.5 8.4 12.0 489 520 460
17 56.5 18.6 7.1 11.3 478 500 476
18 57.0 18.8 7.5 9.5 460 495 489
19 53.4 17.6 8.4 12.5 500 460 460
20 53.9 17.8 6.9 9.4 476 476 476
21 52.3 17.3 7.3 12.4 529 500 535
22 54.4 18.0 7.5 13.2 483 512 460
23 57.8 19.1 8.4 12.0 489 460 474
24 56.0 18.5 6.7 10.2 460 495 476
25 52.9 17.4 8.5 9.4 500 489 460
26 52.3 17.3 7.2 11.3 490 460 476
Maximum 57.8 19.1 8.5 14.7 537
Minimum 50.6 16.7 6.1 9.1 460
Average 54.5 18.0 7.3 11.2 484
98 %tile 57.5 19.0 8.5 14.6 533
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) ng/m3, Lead (Pb), Ozone (O3)
Ammonia (NH3), Arsenic (As) ng/m3 and Nickel (Ni) ng/m3
are Below the Detectable Limit
3
All the values except BaP, As, Ni and Hg are expressed as µg/m
ANNEXURE-IX
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS
TABLE-7
Location : Vippedu (AAQ7)
CO
S. No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
I II III
1 57.7 19.0 7.0 9.6 474 508 465
2 52.7 17.4 6.7 9.9 476 481 479
3 54.4 18.0 8.4 14.9 494 481 479
4 57.8 19.1 6.9 9.6 481 465 465
5 57.9 19.1 7.3 9.8 530 518 479
6 56.9 18.8 6.6 12.8 542 505 494
7 54.2 17.9 6.2 9.7 494 488 505
8 53.7 17.7 6.5 14.6 537 508 511
9 56.9 18.8 8.6 10.7 474 465 470
10 56.0 18.5 6.8 12.6 479 479 505
11 53.8 17.8 6.7 11.0 465 505 495
12 55.6 18.3 7.5 11.7 508 494 465
13 53.6 17.7 8.5 9.6 481 465 474
14 51.1 16.9 6.6 12.1 494 481 465
15 52.5 17.3 7.3 9.2 465 512 486
16 53.6 17.7 8.5 12.1 494 525 465
17 57.0 18.8 7.2 11.4 483 505 481
18 57.6 19.0 7.5 9.6 465 499 494
19 53.9 17.8 8.5 12.6 505 465 465
20 54.4 18.0 7.0 9.5 481 481 481
21 52.9 17.4 7.3 12.5 534 505 540
22 54.9 18.1 7.5 13.4 488 517 465
23 58.4 19.3 8.5 12.1 494 465 479
24 56.5 18.6 6.8 10.3 465 499 481
25 53.4 17.6 8.6 9.5 505 494 465
26 52.9 17.4 7.3 11.4 495 465 481
Maximum 58.4 19.3 8.6 14.9 542
Minimum 51.1 16.9 6.2 9.2 465
Average 55.0 18.1 7.4 11.3 488
98 %tile 58.1 19.2 8.6 14.8 538
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) ng/m3, Lead (Pb), Ozone (O3)
Ammonia (NH3), Arsenic (As) ng/m3 and Nickel (Ni) ng/m3
are Below the Detectable Limit
3
All the values except BaP, As, Ni and Hg are expressed as µg/m
ANNEXURE-IX
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LEVELS
TABLE-8
Location : Vishar (AAQ8)
CO
S. No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
I II III
1 58.2 19.2 7.0 9.7 479 513 469
2 53.2 17.5 6.7 10.0 481 486 483
3 55.0 18.1 8.5 15.0 499 486 483
4 58.3 19.2 6.9 9.7 486 469 469
5 58.4 19.3 7.3 9.9 535 523 483
6 57.5 19.0 6.6 12.9 548 510 499
7 54.8 18.1 6.2 9.8 499 493 510
8 54.2 17.9 6.5 14.8 542 513 516
9 57.5 19.0 8.7 10.8 479 469 475
10 56.5 18.7 6.8 12.7 483 483 510
11 54.3 17.9 6.7 11.1 469 510 500
12 56.1 18.5 7.6 11.8 513 499 469
13 54.1 17.9 8.6 9.7 486 469 479
14 51.6 17.0 6.6 12.3 499 486 469
15 53.0 17.5 7.3 9.3 469 517 490
16 54.1 17.9 8.6 12.3 499 530 469
17 57.6 19.0 7.2 11.5 488 510 486
18 58.1 19.2 7.6 9.7 469 504 499
19 54.4 18.0 8.6 12.8 510 469 469
20 55.0 18.1 7.0 9.6 486 486 486
21 53.4 17.6 7.4 12.6 540 510 545
22 55.5 18.3 7.6 13.5 493 522 469
23 59.0 19.5 8.6 12.3 499 469 483
24 57.1 18.8 6.8 10.4 469 504 486
25 53.9 17.8 8.7 9.6 510 499 469
26 53.4 17.6 7.3 11.5 500 469 486
Maximum 59.0 19.5 8.7 15.0 548
Minimum 51.6 17.0 6.2 9.3 469
Average 55.5 18.3 7.5 11.4 493
98 %tile 58.7 19.4 8.7 14.9 544
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) ng/m3, Lead (Pb), Ozone (O3)
Ammonia (NH3), Arsenic (As) ng/m3 and Nickel (Ni) ng/m3
are Below the Detectable Limit
3
All the values except BaP, As, Ni and Hg are expressed as µg/m
ANNEXURE - X
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA WITHIN THE STUDY AREA
SI.No Description TRU No. of Households Total Population Total Male Total Female Total SC Total ST Total Literate Male Literate Female Literate Total Working Main workers Marginal workers Non workers
0-3 km radius
1 Kil Kadirpur Rural 904 4106 2092 2014 1862 164 2304 1351 953 2086 2072 14 2020
2 Mel Kadirpur Rural 243 1131 592 539 498 0 627 367 260 685 381 304 446
3 Mettukuppam Rural 207 873 435 438 0 17 432 274 158 553 346 207 320
4 Mettupalayam Rural 195 897 451 446 746 0 485 270 215 401 241 160 496
5 Narapakkam Rural 375 1680 874 806 351 192 902 531 371 848 712 136 832
6 Venkatapuram Rural 372 1739 852 887 1438 23 851 482 369 685 585 100 1054
7 Vippedu Rural 345 1489 732 757 521 73 880 492 388 720 337 383 769
8 Vishar Rural 166 892 451 441 10 42 528 304 224 431 418 13 461
Sub total 2807 12807 6479 6328 5426 511 7009 4071 2938 6409 5092 1317 6398
3-7 km radius
1 Achukattu Rural 179 756 352 404 0 0 493 265 228 460 408 52 296
2 Arappanamcheri Rural 427 1841 934 907 79 3 1327 740 587 672 649 23 1169
3 Ariyaperumbakkam Rural 221 974 496 478 280 0 477 308 169 556 311 245 418
4 Erivakkam Rural 17 88 50 38 23 0 67 40 27 33 32 1 55
5 Hanumanthapettai Rural 435 1882 935 947 347 114 1058 624 434 795 176 261 394
6 Kilambi Rural 824 4021 1979 2042 1337 5 2327 1300 1027 2013 1964 49 2008
7 Kolivakkam Rural 303 1337 663 674 352 0 653 394 259 809 733 76 528
8 Kuttiramedu Rural 79 329 175 154 33 40 153 96 57 169 161 8 160
9 Mel Ottivakkam Rural 406 1798 929 869 1213 19 1050 630 420 1143 733 410 655
10 Musarapakkam Rural 1110 5143 2541 2602 1684 45 2784 1632 1152 2583 2490 93 2560
11 Muttuvedu Rural 117 508 230 278 215 0 303 161 142 268 264 4 240
12 Netteri Rural 250 1180 594 586 47 9 703 411 292 384 381 3 796
13 Odatangal Rural 161 677 328 349 126 0 350 184 166 365 176 189 312
14 Olukkavakkam Rural 503 2235 1112 1123 558 0 1166 713 453 1006 660 346 1229
15 Pappankuli Rural 151 623 304 319 95 0 386 209 177 290 240 50 333
16 Perumpakkam Rural 620 2520 1235 1285 1089 0 1279 727 552 1307 953 354 1213
17 Pichavadi Rural 39 186 95 91 82 0 126 67 59 96 96 0 90
18 Putteri Rural 637 2961 1449 1512 2139 0 1804 1022 782 1193 1146 47 1768
19 Settitangal Rural 378 1667 818 849 329 11 890 499 391 679 524 155 988
20 Sirukaveripuram Rural 859 3874 1966 1908 652 53 2476 1421 1055 1977 1888 89 1897
21 Sitterimedu Rural 163 728 360 368 110 0 225 148 77 441 441 0 287
22 Timmasamudram Rural 418 2026 996 1030 942 0 1432 803 629 592 582 10 1434
23 Tiruppakuli Rural 1033 4704 2405 2299 1330 81 3241 1868 1373 1836 1760 76 2868
24 Tulagumtandalam Rural 107 488 253 235 0 0 280 173 107 299 252 47 189
25 Velatottam Rural 172 791 395 396 375 0 499 296 203 381 296 85 410
26 Velikkapattadai Rural 575 2548 1289 1259 88 0 1914 1049 865 1004 985 19 1544
Sub total 10184 45885 22883 23002 13525 380 27463 15780 11683 21351 18301 2692 23841
7-10 km radius
1 Arupalayam Rural 599 2632 1328 1304 1424 197 1229 775 454 1240 1087 153 1392
2 Damal Rural 1474 6633 3269 3364 1124 138 3672 2150 1522 3587 3384 203 3046
3 Edarpalayam Rural 326 1398 704 694 978 14 885 509 376 600 407 193 798
4 Injambakkam Urban 2408 10117 5259 4858 1962 1 7267 4038 3229 3676 3154 522 6441
6 Karandai Rural 696 3110 1550 1560 1071 1 1676 1003 673 1473 1146 327 1637
7 Kilar Rural 336 1451 745 706 651 12 885 528 357 915 914 1 536
8 Konnerikuppam Rural 801 3773 1915 1858 2294 134 2341 1328 1013 1380 1305 75 2393
9 Kuram Rural 448 1975 974 1001 326 4 1083 652 431 1110 1102 8 865
10 Mel Bangaram Rural 111 511 243 268 0 0 308 183 125 379 378 1 132
11 Muttavakkam Rural 218 989 478 511 171 0 557 321 236 561 538 23 428
13 Nellur Rural 348 1536 762 774 448 46 802 476 326 510 464 46 1026
14 Olukkal pattu Rural 221 956 499 457 435 0 535 343 192 449 447 2 507
15 Orikka Rural 1020 4607 2310 2297 875 66 3087 1709 1378 2211 2034 177 2396
16 Padappam Rural 70 328 163 165 242 0 199 112 87 194 32 162 134
18 Sembarambakkam Rural 251 1176 613 563 682 0 698 423 275 512 494 18 664
19 Seyyanur Rural 35989 160488 80512 79976 75256 1673 85635 50037 35598 78259 38985 39274 82229
20 Sinnayankulam Rural 282 1299 615 684 496 13 782 410 372 520 247 273 779
21 Tenambakkam Urban 2090 9357 4722 4635 1409 199 5951 3347 2604 4058 3436 622 5299
23 Tiruvadirayapuram Rural 399 1729 869 860 898 2 956 533 423 737 192 545 992
25 Vembakkam Rural 153 659 343 316 456 3 333 215 118 359 191 168 300
26 Vishakandikuppam Rural 50 200 95 105 0 0 116 68 48 103 103 0 97
Sub total 48290 214924 107968 106956 91198 2503 118997 69160 49837 102833 60040 42793 112091
Grand total 61281 273616 137330 136286 110149 3394 153469 89011 64458 130593 83433 46802 142330
ANNEXURE-XI
ECOLOGICAL DETAILS
1.0 Revised Ambient Air Quality Standards (Dated 16th November, 2009)
The revised NAAQ standards issued on 16th November, 2009 are given in Table-
1.
TABLE-1
REVISED NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
(Dated 16th November, 2009)
National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Standards for ambient air prescribed by
Central Pollution Control Board vide Gazette Notification dated 11 th April, 1994
are given below in Table-2.
AIII-1
ANNEXURE-III
APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
TABLE-2
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (Dated 11th April 1994)
AIII-2
ANNEXURE-III
APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
Ambient standards with respect to noise have been notified by the Ministry of
Environment and Forests vide gazette notification dated 26th December 1989
(amended in February, 2000). It is based on the ‘A’ weighted equivalent noise level
(Leq). The ambient noise standards are presented in Table-2.
TABLE-2
AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS
Noise standards in the work environment are specified by Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA-USA) which are being enforced by Government of
India through model rules framed under Factories Act. These are given in Table-3
below.
TABLE-3
STANDARDS FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
AIII-3
ANNEXURE-III
APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
The wastewater discharge standards for “discharge on land for irrigation” are
stipulated under the Environment Protection Rules (1993) and are given below in
Table-4.
TABLE-4
WASTE WATER DISCHARGE STANDARDS
Note: These standards shall be applicable for industries, operations or processes other than
those industries, operations or process for which standards have been specified in Schedule of
the Environment Protection Rules, 1989.
AIII-4
ANNEXURE-IV
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
1.0 Meteorology
TABLE-1
SENSITIVITY OF METEOROLOGY MONITORING STATION
Hourly maximum, minimum and average values of wind speed, direction and
temperature were recorded continuously with continuous monitoring equipment. All
the sensors were connected to filter and then logged on to datalogger. The readings
were recorded in a memory module, which was attached to datalogger. The
memory module was downloaded in computer through Dynalab software. The
storage capacity of memory module was 256 KB. Data was downloaded every
fortnight into the computer. The data was recorded continuously. The recovery of
data was about 98%. The rest of 2 % data gaps were filled by referring to IMD data
and daily weather reports in the local newspapers. However, Relative Humidity and
Rainfall were recorded manually.
The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5184 and American Public Health Association
(APHA).
The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable
level are given in Table-3.
AIV-1
ANNEXURE-IV
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
TABLE-3
TECHNIQUES USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed as
per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in Table-4.
TABLE-4
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP)
FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING
The analytical techniques used for water and wastewater analysis is given in the
Table-5.
TABLE-5
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER ANALYSIS
Parameter Method
pH APHA-4500-H+
Colour APHA-2120 C
Odour IS: 3025, Part-4
Temperature APHA-2550 B
Dissolved Oxygen APHA-4500 O
BOD APHA-5210 B
Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B
Turbidity APHA-2130 B
Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl-
Fluorides APHA-4500 F-
Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C
Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D
Total hardness APHA-2340 C
Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4-2
Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As
Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca
Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg
Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na
AIV-3
ANNEXURE-IV
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Parameter Method
Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K
Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn
Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg
Selenium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 Se
Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb
Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu
Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd
Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe
Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn
Boron APHA-4500 B
Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D
Alkalinity APHA-2320 B
At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30
cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with
IS: 2720 & Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American
Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized
samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples
were collected and analyzed once in each season.
The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for
physico-chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer.
TABLE-6
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL ANALYSIS
AIV-4
ANNEXURE-IV
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Noise level monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour
interval starting at 0030 hrs to 0030 hrs next day. The noise levels were monitored
on working days only and Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays were not
monitored. During each hour Leq were directly computed by the instrument based
on the sound pressure levels. Lday (Ld), Lnight (Ln) and Ldn values were computed
using corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring was
carried out at ‘A’ response and fast mode.
For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to
describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated
using the percent of the time certain noise levels exceeds the time interval. The
notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels is described below:
Hourly Leq values have been computed by integrating sound level meter.
Lday: As per the CPCB guidelines the day time limit is between 07:00 hours to
22.00 hours as outlined in Ministry of Environment and Forest Notification S.O.
123 (E) dated 14/02/2000.
Lnight: As per the CPCB guidelines the night time limit is between 22:00 hours to
07.00 hours as outlined in Ministry of Environment and Forest Notification S.O.
123 (E) dated 14/02/2000.
Ldn: It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during night time
period (10 PM to 07 AM) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the
instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average. This nighttime
penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night when people usually
sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the daytime.
The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s,
by the following equation.
15 9
[10 10
( Leqi / 10) ( Leqi 10/ 10)
]
Ldn 10Log i 1 i 1
24
AIV-5
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
FOR COTTON CETP, SILK CETP TO
MEET ZLD & DETAILED PROJECT
REPORT FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT & RAW WATER TREATMENT
PLANT
SUBMITTED
TO
PRESENTED BY
PERARIGNAR ANNA HANDLOOM SILK PARK
LTD.,
KANCHIPURAM
1
INDEX
2
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
FOR COTTON CETP TO MEET ZLD
SUBMITTED
TO
PRESENTED BY
PERARIGNAR ANNA HANDLOOM SILK PARK
LTD.,
KANCHIPURAM
3
CONTENTS
4
1.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT PROCESS SCHEME
The CETP has control of pumping raw effluent from the individual members and install
flow meters, which will be monitored as recommended by TNPCB.
SCREENER:
Screener separates coarse & medium fine solids at the inlet. This is the process
which is a predetermined stage where escaping of solids is completely avoided,
whereby clogging of pumps & machinery in subsequent stages is avoided.
The collected wastes are disposed periodically and the screener which is attached
with brush is automatically cleaned. The screening equipment is controlled by pre-
set time switches/level sensors.
The whole water volume is kept in movement by aeration with disc bubble diffusers
& submersible mixers.
pH : 9 to 10.5
TDS :7500 to 8000 mg/Ltrs
RAW EFFLUENT Chlorides : 3000 to 3500 mg/Ltrs
(HOMOGENIZED Sulphates :800 to 1500 mg/Ltrs
EFFLUENT) PARAMETERS BOD : 400 to 500 mg/Ltrs
COD : 1500 to 1800 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 80 to 100 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate : 800 to 1000 mg/Ltrs
6
NEUTRALIZATION:
Neutralization is a process where pH is been maintained between 7 – 8 by addition
of HCL/H2SO4 based on the online pH monitoring system automatically.
COOLING TOWER:
The temperature is reduced to an extent of 5 - 6 °C degrees from the temperature of
homogenized effluent. The recommended temperature for biological treatment is 35
– 36 °C.
COOLING TOWER
7
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM:
COD & BOD reduction happens in biological, due to the presence of biomass,
which breaks the chemical properties of the raw effluent. 50- 60 % of colour
reduction happens in biological system.
The appropriate FM ratio is been maintained here.
Evacuates CO2, Nitrogen.
Fine bubble aerated disc diffusers designed as per the inlet BOD is been installed, to
provide the necessary oxygen for the bacteria at a level of 2 PPM – dissolved
Oxygen.
The blower which is supplying air to the Disc Diffuser System is been operated
automatically, based on the online DO meter.
Effectiveness of the Biological system depends upon the De-sludge factor from the
Biological tank. BELT PRESS is installed to remove the sludge from biological
process and to maintain MLSS 5- 6 g/l at FM ratio 0.05 to 0.07 for better
performance.
Submersible flow mixers are also added, to keep moving the effluent to avoid
anaerobic reaction, sludge sedimentation & odour.
48 hours retention time.
BIOLOGICAL TANK
8
CLARIFIER
It clarifies and segregates the clear water from the biological tank and sediments the
activated sludge.
The sediment sludge is removed through pumping and fed into biological tank, for
bacterial development.
CLARIFIER
9
SLUDGE RECYCLING:
Sludge extracted from Clarifier is pumped again to biological process, for bacterial
development.
The sludge recycle flow normally maintained 1:1 ratio.
The excess sludge water will be sent to Belt Press, for Solid Sludge Cakes.
pH : 6.5 to 7
TDS : 7500 to 8000 mg/Ltrs
Chlorides : 3000 to 3500 mg/Ltrs
BIOLOGICAL Sulphates : 700 to 1600 mg/Ltrs
TREATMENT SYSTEM – BOD : 15 to 25 mg/Ltrs
OUTLET PARAMETERS COD : 150 to 180 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 80 to 100 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate : 600 to 800 mg/Ltrs
SAND FILTER:
Suspended solids from the water coming from Biological system is been removed
here through a Sand Bed in the filter. The filtering nozzles are made of
polypropylene and the diameter of their holes is normally 0.25 mm, i.e. smaller than
the diameter of the smallest sand grain.
Filtered solids are removed by Backwashing which is done with both Air and Water
with pressure of 50m3/H and velocity of 6-7 m/H respectively. The efficiency of
this type of filter can achieve 60-100 micron.
10
SAND FILTER WITH ITS FRONTAL PIPING & PUMP ASSEMBLY
ULTRA FILTRATION:
Ultra filtration filters the solids particles up to 0.2 micron. Reduction of Suspended
solids level and colloidal particles is achieved here by capillary membranes.
The Scaling of solids in the membranes is been removed by Backwash process
which is done automatically. The permeate recovered is fed to Softener filter and
the backwash water is fed back to Biological System.
11
pH : 6.5 to 7
TDS : 7500 to 8000 mg/Ltrs
WATER PARAMETERS - Chlorides : 3000 to 3500 mg/Ltrs
AFTER UF TREATMENT Sulphates : 700 to 1600 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 5 to 10 mg/Ltrs
COD : 120 to 150 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 80 to 100 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate : 600 to 800 mg/Ltrs
ULTRAFILTRATION SKID
12
SOFTENING PLANT:
Here the hardness is been removed that is present in the Ultra Filtered water. 90%
hardness reduction is achieved here through a specialized resin. Reject send for NF
feed.
The adsorbed reject in the resin media is been removed by backwash & regenerating
procedures through the dosage of HCL & NaOH.
During the exhaustion step the resin becomes progressively bound with Ca and Mg
thus it is called exhausted resin.
SOFTENER FILTER
13
DE-CARBONATING TOWER: (DEGASSER)
REVERSE OSMOSIS:
Reverse Osmosis Process is the forced passage of water through a membrane
against the natural osmotic pressure to accomplish separation of ions and water. In
the process of Osmosis, a thin membrane of suitable material (Cellulose Acetate
Polyamide) (0.10 to 0.15 mm thick) separates two salt solutions.
The rate of water transfer depends primarily on the difference in salt concentration
between the solutions, characteristics of the membrane and magnitude of the applied
pressure. A 3 stage RO is constructed here with both Brackish and Sea water
membranes. Result of the process gives PERMEATE and SALT SOLUTION.
Recovery of the permeate is achieved about 86 – 88%.In first stage around 70 % is
achieved , in 2nd stage 50 % is achieved and in the final stage around 20 % is
achieved contributing the total recovery. All the stages are in series connection and
no storage tanks in between.
No of Brackish & Seawater membranes – 198 no’s.
pH, TDS is been monitored online.
15
EXPECTED TREATED RO PERMEATE WATER CHARACTERISTICS
Parameters U.M. Value
Recovery % 88
COD ppm 15-20
TDS ppm 100-300
pH - 6.5-7
Temperature °C 35
Colour Pt/Co 10-15
TKN ppm 0-1
Phosphorous ppm 0
Surfactants ppm 0
SS ppm 0
Total Hardness ppm CaCO3 0-5
Alkalinity ppm CaCO3 0-10
pH : 6.5-7.5
TDS : 60000-65000mg/ltr
Chlorides : 26000 -32000 mg/ltr
RO REJECT WATER Sulphates : 5600- 1300 mg/ltr
CHARACTERISTICS BOD : 8- 100 mg/ltr
COD : 1000-1250 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 50-100 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 600-800 mg/ltr
16
NANO FILTRATION:
pH : 6 -7
TDS :60000-65000 mg/ltr
Chlorides : 26000-32000mg/ltr
NF FEED PARAMETERS Sulphates : 5600-1300mg/ltr
BOD : 10-50mg/ltr
COD : 500-1000 mg/ltr
Total Hardness :25-50 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 80-150 mg/ltr
NANOFILTRATION KIT
17
pH :6-7
TDS : 40000-50000 mg/Ltrs
NF BRINE – NF PERMEATE Chlorides : 20000-30000mg /Ltrs
CHARACTERISTICS Sulphates : 100-200 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 0-20 mg/Ltrs
COD : 200-300 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness :100-200 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate : 40- 100 mg/Ltrs
pH : 6-7
MEE FEED TDS : 70000-80000 mg/Ltrs
Chlorides :12000-15000 mg/Ltrs
Sulphates :25000-30000 mg/Ltrs
Chloride and Sulphate salts are recovered here towards the usage of CETP member
units with five effective falling film followed with crystallizer for sulphate and three
forced circulate for mixed salt. The volume sent to solar pond jacket evaporator is
reduced by this process.(Process scheme attached)
The effluent from the sump is pumped into the heat exchanger where it absorbs heat
energy from the steam surrounding the heat exchanger tubes. Thereby the
temperature of the liquor rises above 100 degree c. When this supersaturated liquid
enters the evaporating vessel, most of the liquid flashes into vapour.
The remaining liquid is re-circulated once again into the heat exchanger and the
process is repeated. The water vapor is condensed and reused as process / boiler
feed water.
As the process goes on the effluent gets concentrated with salts and gets saturated.
The salts tend to precipitate and get crystallized. These crystals are collected in the
conical bottom of the evaporation vessel. When the valve is opened at suitable
intervals, this is discharged as thick slurry into the batch filter. This slurry is
18
discharged into a solar evaporation bed. The salts shall be removed and packed in
containers for safe disposal.
UNIT
PARAMETERS MEASURED INLET VALUE OUTLET VALUE
pH - 8-9.5 6.5-7.0
Temperature °C 40 35
Phosphorous Ppm 10 0
SS Ppm 200 0
RECOVERY % 88
19
1.3 EXPECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFLUENT AT EACH STAGE:
pH : 9 to 10.5
1 RAW EFFLUENT TDS :7500 to 8000 mg/ltr
Chlorides : 3000 to 3500 mg/ltr
(HOMOGENIZED Sulphates :800 to 1500 mg/ltr
EFFLUENT) BOD : 400 to 500 mg/ltr
COD : 1500 to 1800 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 80 to 100 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 800 to 1000 mg/ltr
pH : 6.5 to 7
2 BIOLOGICAL OUTLET TDS : 7500 to 8000 mg/ltr
Chlorides : 3000 to 3500 mg/ltr
Sulphates : 700 to 1600 mg/ltr
BOD : 15 to 25 mg/ltr
COD : 150 to 180 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 80 to 100 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 600 to 800 mg/ltr
pH : 6.5 to 7
3 UF OUTLET TDS : 7500 to 8000 mg/ltr
Chlorides : 3000 to 3500 mg/ltr
Sulphates : 700 to 1600 mg/ltr
BOD : 5 to 10 mg/ltr
COD : 120 to 150 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 80 to 100 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 600 to 800 mg/ltr
pH :6 - 7
4 SOFTNER & DEGASSER TDS :7300-7800 mg/ltr
OUTLET Chlorides : 3200-3800 mg/ltr
( RO FEED) Sulphates :700-1600 mg/ltr
BOD :0-10 mg/ltr
COD :120-150 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 5 - 10mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 80- 100 mg/ltr
20
pH : 6.5-7.5
5 RO REJECT TDS : 60000-65000mg/ltr
Chlorides : 26000 -32000 mg/ltr
Sulphates : 5600- 1300 mg/ltr
BOD : 8- 100 mg/ltr
COD : 1000-1250 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 50-100 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 600-800 mg/ltr
pH : 6 -7
6 NF FEED TDS :60000-65000 mg/ltr
Chlorides : 26000-32000mg/ltr
Sulphates : 5600-1300mg/ltr
BOD : 10-50mg/ltr
COD : 500-1000 mg/ltr
Total Hardness :25-50 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 80-150 mg/ltr
pH :6-7
7 NF BRINE TDS : 40000-50000 mg/ltr
Chlorides : 20000-30000mg /ltr
Sulphates : 10-50 mg/ltr
BOD : 0-20 mg/ltr
COD : 200-300 mg/ltr
Total Hardness :100-200 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 40- 100 mg/ltr
pH : 6-7
8 MEE FEED TDS : 70000-80000 mg/ltr
Chlorides :12000-15000 mg/ltr
Sulphates :25000-30000 mg/ltr
21
1.4 DESIGN ADEQUACY REPORT:
Capacity : 3200 KL
Average effluent flow : 134 cu. m/h
Retention time required : 10-12 hrs. (Considering one batch completion)
Retention time available : 24 hrs
Hence adequate for 3.2 MLD Capacity
2. AERATION TANK:
22
Hence adequate for 3.2 MLD Capacity.
4. CLARIFIERS:
Biological Process:
Hydraulic loading (Design velocity) - 0.6 cu. m/sq. m/hr
23
Maximum flow - 150 cu. m/h
Area of clarifier required - 249 sq. m
Dia of clarifier required - 18 m
Selected Dimension - 16 m dia X 3.5 H – 2 NO’S
Retention time for settling - 7-8 hrs
Hence adequate for 3.2 MLD Capacity
5. SAND FILTER:
7. SOFTENER FILTER:
25
8. DEGASSER:
Decarbonating Tower : 1 no’s
Capacity : 2200 mm dia & 5000 m Ht.
Flow rate : 180 cu. m/ hr
Inlet total alkalinity : 1000 PPM
Air required for 1 m3 : 48.66 m3/ hr
Total air required for 180 m3/ hr : 8758.8 m3/ hr
Designed capacity : 9000 m3/hr
Operating Hours : 20 hrs
Hence Adequate for 3.2 MLD capacity
9. RO PLANT STAGE – 1:
26
Average flux : 17.12 lmh
As per the manufacturer’s recommendation:
28
RO ROSA DESIGN SHEET:
29
30
31
32
33
34
12. DEGASSER FOR RO REJECT:
35
ULTRA FILTRATION DESIGN SHEET FOR RO REJECT:
36
14. NANO FILTRATION PLANT:
38
39
15. RO FOR BRINE CONCETRATION:
Operating Parameters:
Feed flow rate : 17 Cu. m/hr (340 Cu. m/day)
Required flow rate : 13.25 Cu. m/hr (265 Cu. m/day)
Permeate flow rate : 5.0 Cu. m/hr (100 Cu. m/day)
Reject flow rate (BRINE) : 8.25 Cu. m/hr (165 Cu. m/day)
Recovery % : 38 %
Feed Pressure Required : 1200 psi
Feed TDS : 50000 ppm
Permeate TDS : < 1000 ppm.
BRINE TDS : 75000 – 80000 ppm
40
RO DESIGN SHEET FOR BRINE CONCENTRATION
41
42
16. REJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DETAILS:
Hence all the above equipments are handling the flow to run up to 3.2 MLD without any
problem.
43
17. SOLAR PAN:
As advised by TNPCB, Solar Pond requirement for 1 KL = 225 sq. m. So for 12 KL, 2700
sq. m space allocated for Solar Pond.
The sludge expected, from the COTTON CETP Plant for full flow, is as explained below.
A. BIOLOGICAL SLUDGE
The excess digested biological sludge will be collected and dewatered by pumps through
screw pumps into Belt press suitable for biological sludge. This will be approximately 2.5 -
3 ton/day. Bio sludge will utilize for bio fuel to boilers and fertilizers. Excess sludge will be
disposes, as advised by TNPCB.
B. SATURATOR SLUDGE
From saturator, chemical sludge approximately 0.5 – 1 tons of sludge on dry basis is
expected per day through filter press/belt press. The CETP will dispose sludge as advised
by TNPCB.
44
1.6 TANK CAPACITIES AND PROPOSED TANK DIMENSIONS:
45
1.7 COTTON CETP PUMP DETAILS:
QUANTITY-
RUNNING +
CAPACITY- STAND BY IN
S.NO AREA OF THE PUMP MAKE m3/hr NO’S
46
1.8. CONCLUSION
47
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
FOR SILK CETP TO MEET ZLD
SUBMITTED
TO
PRESENTED BY
PERARIGNAR ANNA HANDLOOM
SILK PARK LTD.,
KANCHIPURAM
48
CONTENTS
2.8 CONCLUSION 72
49
2.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS STAGES IN ZLD SILK CETP
OPERATIONS:
The CETP has control of pumping raw effluent from the individual members and Install
flow meters; this will be monitored as recommended by TNPCB.
The Treatment Scheme planned is as described below.
SCREENER:
Screener separates coarse & medium fine solids at the inlet. This is the process
which is a predetermined stage where escaping of solids is completely avoided,
whereby clogging of pumps & machinery in subsequent stages is avoided.
The collected wastes are disposed periodically and the screener which is attached
with brush is automatically cleaned. The screening equipment is controlled by pre-
set time switches/level sensors.
50
STORAGE & HOMOGENIZATION TANK:
pH : 7 to 9
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/ltr
RAW EFFLUENT WATER Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/ltr
CHARACTERISTICS Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/ltr
BOD : 300 to 400 mg/ltr
(HOMOGENIZED WATER)
COD : 600 to 800 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate :600 to 800 mg/ltr
51
NEUTRALIZATION TANK:
Neutralization is a process where pH is been maintained between 7 – 8 by addition
of HCL/H2SO4 based on the online pH monitoring system automatically.
COOLING TOWER:
COOLING TOWER
52
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM:
COD & BOD reduction happens in biological, due to the presence of biomass,
which breaks the chemical properties of the raw effluent. 50- 60 % of colour
reduction happens in biological system.
The appropriate FM ratio is been maintained here.
Evacuates CO2, Nitrogen.
Fine bubble aerated disc diffusers designed as per the inlet BOD is been installed, to
provide the necessary oxygen for the bacteria at a level of 2 PPM – dissolved
Oxygen.
The blower which is supplying air to the Disc Diffuser System is been operated
automatically, based on the online DO meter.
Effectiveness of the Biological system depends upon the De-sludge factor from the
Biological tank. BELT PRESS is installed to remove the sludge from biological
process and to maintain MLSS 5- 6 g/l at FM ratio 0.05 to 0.07 for better
performance.
Submersible flow mixers are also added, to keep moving the effluent to avoid
anaerobic reaction, sludge sedimentation & odour.
48 hours retention time.
It clarifies and segregates the clear water from the biological tank and sediments the
activated sludge. The clear water overflows and moves to Filtration section.
The sediment sludge is removed through pumping and fed into biological tank, for
bacterial development. Retention time – 8 hours.
CLARIFIER
SLUDGE RECYCLING:
Sludge extracted from Clarifier is pumped again to biological process, for bacterial
development.
The sludge recycling must be regulated in such a way, to achieve a sludge quantity
in the recycling stream. The sludge recycle flow normally maintained 1:1 ratio.
The excess sludge water will be sent to Belt Press, for Solid Sludge Cakes.
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/ltr
Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/ltr
BIOLOGICAL OUTLET Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/ltr
WATER CHARACTERISTICS BOD : 5 to 10 mg/ltr
COD : 120 to 150 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate :500 to 600 mg/ltr
54
2.1.2 SECONDARY TREATMENT:
SAND FILTER:
Suspended solids from the water coming from Biological system is been removed
here through a Sand Bed in the filter.
The filtering nozzles are made of polypropylene and the diameter of their holes is
normally 0.25 mm, i.e. smaller than the diameter of the smallest sand grain.
Filtered solids are removed by Backwashing which is done with both Air and Water
with pressure of 50m3/H and velocity of 6-7 m/H respectively. The efficiency of
this type of filter can achieve 60-100 micron.
Ultra filtration filters the solids particles up to 0.2 micron. Reduction of Suspended
solids level and colloidal particles is achieved here by capillary membranes.
The Scaling of solids in the membranes is been removed by Backwash process
which is done automatically. The permeate recovered is fed to Softener filter and
the backwash water is fed back to Biological System.
pH : 7 to 8
ULTRA FILTRATION TDS : 300 to 500 mg/ltr
OUTLET WATER Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/ltr
CHARACTERISTICS Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/ltr
BOD : 2 to10 mg/ltr
COD : 100 to 120 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate :500 to 600 mg/ltr
ULTRAFILTRATION SKID
56
SOFTENING PLANT:
Here the hardness is been removed that is present in the Ultra Filtered water. 90%
hardness reduction is achieved here through a specialized resin.
The adsorbed reject in the resin media is been removed by backwash & regenerating
procedures through the dosage of HCL & NaOH.
During the exhaustion step the resin becomes progressively bound with Ca and Mg
thus it is called exhausted resin.
57
DE-CARBONATING TOWER: (DEGASSER)
DECARBONATING TOWER
REVERSE OSMOSIS:
RO SKID
59
EXPECTED TREATED RO PERMEATE WATER CHARACTERISTICS
Recovery % 92-95
pH 6,5-7
Temperature °C 35
Phosphorous ppm 0
Surfactants ppm 0
SS ppm 0
pH : 6.5-7.5
TDS : 5000-6500mg/Ltrs
RO REJECT – WATER Chlorides : 2000-2300 mg/Ltrs
CHARACTERISTICS Sulphates : 800- 1000 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 8- 100 mg/Ltrs
COD : 500-1000 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 50-100 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate : 600-800 mg/Ltrs
60
2.2. SILK CETP PROJECT – WATER INLET PARAMETERS & OUTLET
CHARACTERISTICS:
RECOVERY % 92-95
pH 7-9 6.5-7.0
Temperature °C 40 35
Phosphorous ppm 2 0
SS ppm 100 0
61
2.3. EXPECTED CHARECTERISTICS OF EFFLUENT AT EACH STAGE:
pH : 7 to 9
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/Ltrs
1 RAW EFFLUENT Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/Ltrs
(HOMOGENIZING TANK) Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 300 to 400 mg/Ltrs
COD : 1200 to 1500mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate :600 to 800 mg/Ltrs
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/Ltrs
2 BIOLOGICAL OUTLET Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/Ltrs
Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 5 to 10 mg/Ltrs
COD : 120 to 150 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate :500 to 600 mg/Ltrs
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/Ltrs
3 ULTRA FILTRATION Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/Ltrs
OUTLET Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 2 to10 mg/Ltrs
COD : 100 to 120 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate :500 to 600 mg/Ltrs
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/Ltrs
4 SOFTNER & DEGASSER Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/Ltrs
OUTLET ( RO FEED) Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 2 to10 mg/Ltrs
COD : 100 to 120 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 0to 10 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate : 50 to 80 mg/Ltrs
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 3500 to 6000mg/Ltrs
5 RO REJECT Chlorides : 1200 to 2500 mg/Ltrs
( TO NF FEED TANK OF Sulphates : 1200 to 2000 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 20 to 120 mg/Ltrs
COTTON&YARN CETP)
COD : 1200 to 1500 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 80to 120 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate : 600 to 1000 mg/Ltrs
62
2.4 DESIGN ADEQUACY REPORT:
Capacity : 450 KL
Average effluent flow : 18.75 cu. m/h
Retention time required : 10-12 hrs, considering one batch completion.
Retention time available : 24 hrs, hence OK
2. AERATION TANK:
63
3. AIR QUANTITY CALCULATION:
4. CLARIFIER:
Biological Process:
Hydraulic loading (Design velocity) : 0.6 cu. m/sq. m/hr
Maximum flow : 25 cu. m/h
Area of clarifier required : 41.7sq. M
Dia of clarifier required :8m
Selected, Dimension : 9 m dia X 3.5 H
Retention time for settling : 8-10 hrs
Hence adequate for 450 m3/day Capacity
64
5. SAND FILTER:
66
8. DEGASSER:
Decarbonating tower : 1 no’s
Capacity : 1200 mm dia & 5000 m Ht.
Flow rate : 30 cu. m/hr
Inlet total alkalinity : 800 PPM
Air required for 1 m3 : 48.66 m3/ hr
Total air required for 30 m3/ hr : 1460 m3/hr
Designed capacity : 1500 m3/hr
Operating Hours : 20 hrs
Hence adequate for 450 m3/day capacity
9. RO PLANT:
68
2.5 TOTAL SLUDGE FROM PLANT:
The sludge expected from the SILK CETP Plant for full flow is, as mentioned below.
A. BIOLOGICAL SLUDGE:
The excess digested biological sludge will be collected and dewatered by pumps
through screw pumps into Belt press suitable for biological sludge. This will be 300 -500
kg/day
B. MIXED SALT:
The mixed salt is purely inorganic and since having the M.E.E will have 40-50 % moisture
and can be disposed as advised by TNPCB. The CETP will explore the positively of end
use by any chemical industry for economical safe disposal. Suitable Records and Online
data of sludge generate shall be maintained. This salt will be dried in solar pan, bagged and
disposed. This quantity will be approximately 250- 500 kg/day.
69
2.6 SILK CETP TANK CAPACITIES AND PROPOSED TANK DIMENSIONS:
4 M X 5 M X 3.5 M
2 LIFTING PUMP SUMP 60 3.2
7.1 M X 9 M X 6 M
+
3 HOMOGENIZING TANK 459.78 24
6.7 M X 1.9 M X 6 M
4.4 M X 1.9 M X 6 M
+
6 BIOLOGICAL TANK 14.4 M X 9 M X 6 M 907.21 48
+
6.9M X 1.9 M X 6 M
70
2.7 PUMP DETAILS:
QUANTITY-
RUNNING +
CAPACITY- STAND BY IN
S.NO AREA OF THE PUMP MAKE m3/hr NO’S
BIOLOGICAL FEED
2 PUMP CALPEDA/GRUNDFOS/FLYGT 35 1+1
SLUDGE RECYCLE
2 PUMP CALPEDA/GRUNDFOS/FLYGT 35 1+1
QUARTZ FEED
4 /BACKWASH PUMP CALPEDA/GRUNDFOS/FLYGT 35 1+1
71
2.8 CONCLUSION:
The ANNA KANCHIPURAM SILK PARK SILK CETP is very earnest in its approach and
have taken steps in identifying the Technical issues and will carry out full improvements
and achieve ZLD for 100% flow.
72
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
SUBMITTED
TO
PRESENTED BY
73
CONTENTS
3.8 CONCLUSION 92
74
3.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS STAGES IN STP OPERATIONS:
The CETP has control of pumping raw effluent from the individual members and install
flow meters; this will be monitored as recommended by TNPCB.
SCREENER:
Screener separates coarse & medium fine solids at the inlet. This is the process
which is a predetermined stage where escaping of solids is completely avoided,
whereby clogging of pumps & machinery in subsequent stages is avoided.
The collected wastes are disposed periodically and the screener which is attached
with brush is automatically cleaned. The screening equipment is controlled by pre-
set time switches/level sensors.
75
STORAGE & HOMOGENIZATION TANK:
pH : 6 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/Ltrs
RAW EFFLUENT Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/Ltrs
(HOMOGENIZING TANK) Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 400 to 500 mg/Ltrs
COD : 800 to 1000 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate :80 to 100 mg/Ltrs
76
HOMOGENATION TANK
NEUTRALIZATION:
77
NEUTRALISATION TANK
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM:
COD & BOD reduction happens in biological, due to the presence of biomass, which
breaks the chemical properties of the raw effluent. 50- 60 % of colour reduction
happens in biological system.
The appropriate FM ratio is been maintained here.
Evacuates CO2, Nitrogen.
Fine bubble aerated disc diffusers designed as per the inlet BOD is been installed, to
provide the necessary oxygen for the bacteria at a level of 2 PPM – dissolved Oxygen.
The blower which is supplying air to the Disc Diffuser System is been operated
automatically, based on the online DO meter.
Effectiveness of the Biological system depends upon the De-sludge factor from the
Biological tank. BELT PRESS is installed to remove the sludge from biological process
and to maintain MLSS 5- 6 g/l at FM ratio 0.05 to 0.07 for better performance.
Submersible flow mixers are also added, to keep moving the effluent to avoid anaerobic
reaction, sludge sedimentation & odour.
24 hours retention time.
BIOLOGICAL TANK
78
CLARIFIER:
It clarifies and segregates the clear water from the biological tank and sediments the
activated sludge.
The sediment sludge is removed through pumping and fed into biological tank, for
bacterial development.
CLARIFIER
SLUDGE RECYCLING:
Sludge extracted from Clarifier is pumped again to biological process, for bacterial
development.
The sludge recycling must be regulated in such a way, to achieve a sludge quantity
in the recycling stream. The sludge recycle flow normally maintained 1:1 ratio.
The excess sludge water will be sent to Belt Press, for Solid Sludge Cakes.
79
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/Ltrs
BIOLOGICAL OUTLET Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/Ltrs
WATER Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 5 to 10 mg/Ltrs
CHARACTERISTICS
COD : 80 to 100 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate : 80 to 100 mg/Ltrs
SAND FILTER:
Suspended solids from the water coming from Biological system is been removed
here through a Sand Bed in the filter. The filtering nozzles are made of
polypropylene and the diameter of their holes is normally 0.25 mm, i.e. smaller than
the diameter of the smallest sand grain.
Filtered solids are removed by Backwashing which is done with both Air and Water
with pressure of 50m3/H and velocity of 6-7 m/H respectively. The efficiency of
this type of filter can achieve 60-100 micron.
80
QUARTZ FILTER
ULTRA FILTRATION:
Ultra filtration filters the solids particles up to 0.2 micron. Reduction of Suspended
solids level and colloidal particles is achieved here by capillary membranes.
The Scaling of solids in the membranes is been removed by Backwash process
which is done automatically. The permeate recovered is fed to UV treatment and
sent for GARDENING & FLUSHING. The backwash water is fed back to
Biological System.
81
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/Ltrs
UF & UV TREATED WATER Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/Ltrs
CHARACTERISTICS Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/Ltrs
BOD : 4 to 8 mg/Ltrs
COD : 70 to 90 mg/Ltrs
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/Ltrs
Bicarbonate : 80 to 100 mg/Ltrs
ULTRAFILTRATION
UV TREATMENT:
Biological treated water after Ultra Filtration sent to UV to kill bacteria and viruses and re
used for gardening and flushing.
82
3.2 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT PROJECT INLET & OUTLET
PARAMETERS:
UNIT
PARAMETERS MEASURED IN INLET VALUE OUTLET VALUE
15-20
COD ppm 1000
0-5
BOD5 ppm 500
300-500
TDS ppm 300- 500
6.5-7.5
Ph 6-7
35
Temperature °C 38
10-25
Color Pt/Co 10-50
0-1
TKN ppm 10
0
Phosphorous ppm 2
0
SS ppm 300
20
Total Hardness ppm CaCO3 20
<80
Alkalinity ppm CaCO3 100
0
Cl- ppm 100- 200
0
SO42- ppm 100-150
0
Fe2+ ppm 0-1
0
SiO2 ppm 5
100
RECOVERY %
83
3.3 EXPECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE EFFLUENT AT EACH
STAGE:
pH : 6 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/ltr
1 RAW EFFLUENT Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/ltr
(HOMOGENIZING Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/ltr
BOD : 400 to 500 mg/ltr
TANK)
COD : 800 to 1000 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate :80 to 100 mg/ltr
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/ltr
2 BIOLOGICAL OUTLET Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/ltr
Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/ltr
BOD : 5 to 10 mg/ltr
COD : 80 to 100 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 80 to 100 mg/ltr
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/ltr
3 QUARTZ OUTLET Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/ltr
Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/ltr
BOD : 2 to 8 mg/ltr
COD : 80 to 100 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate :80 to 100 mg/ltr
pH : 7 to 8
TDS : 300 to 500 mg/ltr
4 UF & UV OUTLET Chlorides :100 to 200 mg/ltr
Sulphates : 100 to 150 mg/ltr
BOD : 4 to 8 mg/ltr
COD : 70 to 90 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 10 to 20 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 80 to 100 mg/ltr
84
3.4 DESIGN ADEQUACY REPORT:
Capacity : 500 KL
Average effluent flow : 20.8 Cu. m/hr
Retention time required : 10-12 hrs
Retention time available : 24 hrs, hence OK
2. AERATION TANK:
85
3. AIR QUANTITY CALCULATION:
4. CLARIFIER:
Biological Process:
Hydraulic loading (Design velocity) : 0.6 cu. m/sq. m/hr
Maximum flow : 25 cu. m/h
Area of clarifier required : 41.7sq. M
Dia of clarifier required :8m
Selected, Dimension : 9 m dia X 3.5 H
Retention time for settling : 7.6 hrs
Hence adequate for 500 m3/day Capacity
86
5. SAND FILTER:
6. ULTRA FILTRATION:
Average feed flow : 35 cu. m/hr
Membrane Quantity : 10 No’s,
Make : DOW/INGE/GE/BERGHOFF
Type : Hollow fiber
Molecular weight cut off : 0.2 Micron
Operation mode : Dead end filtration
Net flux : 43 Ltrs/h/m2.
No of elements required : 10 no’s of elements
Designed for : 10 no’s of elements
Feed flow required : 25 m3/ hr
Designed feed flow : 35 m3/hr
Hence all the above equipments are handling to run up to 500 m3/day without any
problem.
87
UF DESIGN SHEET FOR STP:
88
3.5 TOTAL SLUDGE FROM PLANT:
The sludge expected from the SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT for full flow is as
mentioned below.
A. BIOLOGICAL SLUDGE.
The excess digested biological sludge will be collected and dewatered by pumps
through screw pumps into Belt press suitable for biological sludge. This will be 500 -700
kg/day.
89
3.6 STP TANK CAPACITY AND PROPOSED TANK DIMENSIONS
VOLUME- Retention
S.NO TANK NAME L*B*H - meter m3 time- in Hrs
9.5 M X 9.5 M X 6
6 BIOLOGICAL TANK 500 M3 24
M
CLARIFIED WATER
10 4.4 M X 4.4 M X 6M 116M3 4.64
STORAGE TANK
11.2 M X 4.4 M X
12 UF OUTLET STORAGE TANK 296M3 11
6M
90
3.7 STP PUMP DETAILS:
QUANTITY-
RUNNING +
CAPACITY- STAND BY IN
S.NO AREA OF THE PUMP MAKE m3/hr NO’S
91
3.8 CONCLUSION:
The ANNA KANCHIPURAM SILK PARK STP is very earnest in its approach and has
taken steps in identifying the Technical issues and will carry out full improvements and
achieve reuse the sewage treated water for gardening and flushing purpose.
92
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
FOR RAW WATER TREATMENT PLANT
SUBMITTED
TO
PRESENTED BY
PERARIGNAR ANNA HANDLOOM SILK PARK
LTD.,
KANCHIPURAM
93
CONTENTS
94
4.1 RAW WATER TREATMENT PLANT INLET PARAMETERS:
COD ppm 50
BOD5 ppm 5
pH 6-7.5
Temperature °C 38
Color HAZEN 1
SS ppm 5
Cl- ppm 50
SO42- ppm 25
SiO2 ppm 20
95
4.2 EXPECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW WATER EFFLUENT AT EACH
STAGE:
pH : 6 to 8
Chlorides : 50 mg/ltr
1 RAW WATER
Sulphates : 25 mg/ltr
BOD : 10mg/ltr
COD : 50 mg/ltr
pH : 6 to 8
Chlorides : 50 mg/ltr
2 QUARTZ OUTLET
Sulphates : 25 mg/ltr
BOD : 10mg/ltr
COD : 50 mg/ltr
pH : 7 to 8
96
4.3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT PROCESS SCHEME OF RAW WATER
TREAT PLANT OPERATIONS:
The CETP has control of pumping raw effluent from the individual members and install
flow meters; this will be monitored as recommended by TNPCB.
The bore water from ground pumped into storage tank for maintain 48 hrs retention
time for safer side to supply required water to CETP members units and to Admin
Block of SILK PARK – KANCHIPURAM.
The water is transferred to Sand Filter treatment, from collection tank.
SAND FILTER:
Suspended solids from the water coming from Biological system is been removed
here through a Sand Bed in the filter. The filtering nozzles are made of
polypropylene and the diameter of their holes is normally 0.25 mm, i.e. smaller than
the diameter of the smallest sand grain.
Filtered solids are removed by Backwashing which is done with both Air and Water
with pressure of 50m3/H and velocity of 6-7 m/H respectively. The efficiency of
this type of filter can achieve 60-100 micron.
97
SAND FILTER
REVERSE OSMOSIS:
98
RO SKID
pH : 6.5-7.5
TDS : 60000-65000mg/ltr
Chlorides : 26000 -32000 mg/ltr
RO REJECT WATER Sulphates : 5600- 1300 mg/ltr
CHARACTERISTICS BOD : 8- 100 mg/ltr
COD : 1000-1250 mg/ltr
Total Hardness : 50-100 mg/ltr
Bicarbonate : 600-800 mg/ltr
Reverse osmosis treated water transferred to member unit and reject sent to NF Feed Tank
of Cotton & Yarn CETP.
99
4.4 EXPECTED WATER CHARACTERISTICS AFTER RO TREATMENT:
Recovery % 92-95 %
pH 6.5-7.5
Temperature °C 35
SS ppm 0
100
4.5 DESIGN ADEQUACY REPORT:
Capacity : 500 KL
Average effluent flow : 21 cu. m/h
Retention time required : 8-10 hrs
Retention time available : 24 hrs, hence OK
Hence adequate for 500 m3/day Capacity
2. SAND FILTER:
3. RO PLANT:
Hence all the above equipments are handling to run up to 500 m3/day without any
problem.
102
RO DESIGN SHEET FOR RAW WATER PLANT:
103
104
4.6 TOTAL SLUDGE FROM PLANT:
105
4.8 PUMP DETAILS:
QUANTITY-
CAPACITY- RUNNING +
S.NO AREA OF THE PUMP MAKE m3/hr STAND BY IN
NO’S
QUARTZ FEED/BACKWASH
2 PUMP CALPEDA/GRUNDFOS/FLYGT 30 1+1
RO REJECT TRANSFERRING
5 PUMP CALPEDA/GRUNDFOS 10 1+1
106
4.9 CONCLUSION:
107
ONLINE MONITORING SYSTEM
108