Irish Vibeth C.

Manlulu
NU – 101

ASSESSING THE HAIR, SKIN, NAILS (+ BOOK, - VIDEO)

QUESTION RATIONALE
Have you noticed any change in your Changes in sensations may indicate
ability to feel pain, pressure, light touch, or neuronal or vascular problems.
temperature variations?
Are you experiencing any pain, itching, Prutitus, paresthesia, and diabetic
tingling, or temperature variations? peripheral neuropathy may be present.
Are you taking any medications? If so, how Some medications can cause
long have you taking each of these? photosensitivity reactions if the skin is
exposed to UV light.
Do have trouble controlling body odor? Do Poor hygiene may account for body odor.
you perceive yourself to have excessive Excessive perspiration may be an
perspiration? indication of an endocrine gland problem.
Do you recall having severe sunburns as a Severe sunburns as a child are a risk
child? factor for having skin cancer.
Have you had any recent hospitalizations Hospitalization increases px’s risk of
or surgeries? acquiring HAI, while surgeries can cause
temporary cessation of hair and nail
growth.
Have you ever had allergic reactions to Several types of allergies can precipitate
food, medications, plants, or other skin eruptions.
environmental substances?
Have you had a recent viral or bacterial Some skin lesions or rashes may be
illnesses? related to viruses or bacteria.
Do you have a history of self-injury? Dermatologic and psychiatric conditions
highly affect each other. A person who is
depressed can cut or scratch one’s skin.
Has anyone in your family had a recent Some signs of viruses that can be
illness, rash, or other skin problem or contagious are depicted by the skin
allergy? condition of a person. Some viruses and
Irish Vibeth C. Manlulu
NU – 101

allergies may be identified from family

history.
Do you have a family history of keloids? Keloids are common in skin color with
African, American, and Asian descends.
Ear piercing, body piercing, and other skin
wounds can cause keloids.
In your daily activities, are you regularly People who are exposed to harmful
exposed to chemicals or irritants that may chemicals and irritants that can damage
harm the skin? the skin are at risk of getting skin cancer.
Do you spend long periods of time sitting People who spend long periods of time in
or lying in one position? one position are at risk of impaired skin
integrity.
Do you have any body piercing? Needles used in piercings can cause
infection.
Do you have tattoos? There are several risks in having a tattoo,
including infections, allergic reactions,
keloid formation, especially Hepatitis C
infection, etc.
What is your daily routine for skin, nails, Regular habits and products used provide
and hair? What products do you use? information on hygiene and lifestyle.
How do you cut your nails?

ASSESSING THE HAIR, SKIN, NAILS (- BOOK, + VIDEO)

QUESTION RATIONALE
Are you aware of the mole you have on Some people are not aware of their moles,
your back? especially on areas they don’t usually see.
Do you have someone at home who can To note changes that can occur to the
check the changes of your moles on your moles more than 6mm.
back?
Irish Vibeth C. Manlulu
NU – 101

ASSESSING THE NECK (+ BOOK, - VIDEO)

QUESTION RATIONALE
Do you experience neck pain? COLSDPA Neck pain may be associated with
muscular or cervical spinal problems,
stress, or meningeal inflammation.
Do you experience headaches? Most common types of headaches are
related to vascular, muscle contraction, or
inflammatory causes.
Have you noticed any lumps or lesions on Presence of lumps and lesions that do not
your head or neck that do not heal or heal or disappear may indicate cancer.
disappear?
Have you experienced dizziness, Sudden visual disturbances, trouble
lightheadedness, spinning sensation, walking, dizziness, loss of balance or
blurred vision, or loss of consciousness? coordination may be a sign of impending
stroke.
Have you noticed changes in the texture of If alterations in thyroid function are
your skin, hair, nails? In your energy level, manifested, hypothyroidism or
sleep habits, or emotional stability? hyperthyroidism may be present.
Palpitations?
Have you had any weakness or numbness Weakness or numbness in a sudden
in your face, arms, or legs or on either side manner can be a sign of an impending
of your body? stroke especially if it’s on one side of the
body.
Have you ever undergone radiation Radiation therapy is related to the
therapy for a problem in your neck region? development of thyroid cancer.
Do you find that you have headaches Some medications may cause headaches.
when you take any of the following
medications?
Is there a history of head or neck cancer in Genetic predisposition is a risk factor for
your family? cancers.
Irish Vibeth C. Manlulu
NU – 101

Is there a history of migraine headaches in Familial association is common in relation

your family? to migraine.
Do you some or chew tobacco? Do you Tobacco and alcohol use is a risk factor for
use alcohol or recreational drugs? head and neck cancer.
Do you wear a helmet or hard hat for Risks for head and neck injuries can
hazardous occupations? increase if failed to use safety precautions.
What kinds of recreational activity do you Aggressive activities may increase risk for
participate? head and neck injuries.
What is your typical posture when relaxing, Proper posture and alignment are
during sleep, and when working? important to prevent head and neck
discomfort.

ASSESSING THE NECK (- BOOK, + VIDEO)

QUESTION RATIONALE
Do you have difficulty in swallowing? Difficulty in swallowing may indicate
thyroid problems, such as inflammation.
Bacterial infection is also possible.
Do you have difficulty in placing your chin Difficulty in placement of chin to chest,
to chest, ears to shoulders, and facing left ears to shoulders, and facing left and right
and right? may indicate functional problems of the
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Do you have difficulty in applying Difficulty in applying resistance to the
resistance to the side of your chin and side of the chin and shoulders may
your shoulders? indicate a substandard strength of the
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle.

ASSESSING THE EYE (+ BOOK, - VIDEO)

QUESTION RATIONALE
Irish Vibeth C. Manlulu
NU – 101
Are you exposed to conditions or
substances in the workplace or home that
may harm your eyes or vision?
Do you wear sunglasses during exposure
to the sun?
Do you have any vision loss? Has your
vision loss affected your ability to take care
of yourself? To work?
What visual aids do you use to assist you
with your visual loss?
Describe your typical diet. What have you
eaten in the past 24 hours? Do you take
any vitamins or supplements?
Do you smoke? How many packs and for
how long?
Describe any past treatments you have
received for eye problems. Were these
successful? Were you satisfied?
What type of medications do you take?
When was your last eye examination?
Injuries or diseases may be related to
exposure in the work place or home.
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation puts the
client at risk to the development of
cataracts.
Visual problems may interfere with the
client’s ability to perform activities of daily
living
It is important to assist the client to access
and use assistive and adaptive visual
devices to improve one’s activities of daily
living.
The AOA(2015c) explains that research
has linked nutrition to a decreased risk of
age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
as follows; A well-balanced diet is
essential.
Tobacco smoking has been found to be
strongly associated with eye diseases,
doubling the chance of forming cataracts
and causing a three-fold risk of developing
AMD.
Client may not be satisfied with past
treatments for vision problems.
Ocular side effects of drugs are often
unrecognized or overlooked.
All clients at risk for eye problems should
be examined annually or as recommended
Irish Vibeth C. Manlulu
NU – 101
Do you perform the test for macular
degeneration using the Amsler chart? How
do you use this chart and how often? What
do you see when you use it?
Do you have a prescription for corrective
lenses? Do you wear them regularly? If
you wear contacts, how long do you wear
them? How do you clean them?
Have you ever been tested for glaucoma?
What were the results?
Is there a history of eye problems or vision
loss in your family?
Describe any recent visual difficulties or
changes in your vision that you have
experienced. Were they sudden or
gradual?
Do you see spots or floaters in front of
your eyes?
Do you experience blind spots? Are they
constant or intermittent?
Do you see halos or rings around lights?
Do you have trouble seeing at night?
by their primary care provider.
Any areas of distortion, graying, blurring,
or blank spots should be marked on the
spot and they should notify their physician.
Clients who do not wear the prescribed
corrective lenses are susceptible to
eyestrain.
Eye pressures greater than 22 mm Hg
increase one’s risk for developing
glaucoma.
Many eye disorders have familial
tendencies.
Sudden changes in vision are associated
with acute problems such as head trauma
or increased intracranial pressure.
Spots or floaters are common among
clients with myopia or clients over age 40.
A scotoma is a blind spot that is
surrounded by either normal or slightly
diminished peripheral vision.
Seeing halos around lights is associated
with narrow-angle glaucoma.
Night blindness is associated with optic
atrophy, glaucoma, and vitamin A
deficiency.
Irish Vibeth C. Manlulu
NU – 101
Do you experience double vision?
Do you have any eye pain or itching? Do
you have pain with bright light? Describe.
Do you have any redness or swelling in
your eyes.
Do you experience excessive watering or
tearing of the eye? If so, is it in one eye or
both eyes?
Have you had any eye discharge?
Describe.
Have you ever had problems with your
eyes or vision?
Have you ever had eye surgery?
ASSESSING THE EYES (- BOOK, + VIDEO)
None.
Double vision may indicate increased
intracranial pressure due to injury or tumor.
Burning or itching pain is usually
associated with allergies or superficial
irritation.
Redness or swelling of the eye is usually
related to an inflammatory response
caused by an allergy, foreign body or viral
infection.
Excessive tearing is caused by exposure
to irritants or obstruction of the lacrimal
apparatus.
Discharge other than tears from one or
both eyes suggests a bacterial or viral
infection.
A history of eye problems or changes in
vision provides clues to the current health
of eye.
Surgery may alter the appearance of the
eye and the results of future examinations.