DESIGN OF BEAM

𝑓′𝑐 = 21 MPa ɣ𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 23.6 kN/m³

𝑓𝑦 = 414 MPa LL = 1.9 kN/m²

b = 1000 mm steel cover from center of bar = 65 mm

ɸ = 0.9 ß = 0.85

𝑀𝑢 = 559.26 kN.m (by Slope Defletion method)

Try :
b = 200
d = 300

0.85𝑓′𝑐 ß600 0.75 (600𝑑)

𝜌𝑏 = 𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥. =
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦 ) (600+𝑓𝑦 )

= 0.01214 = 177.51 mm

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥. = 0.75𝜌𝑏 a = ß (𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥. )

= 0.0160 = 150.89 mm

𝑎
𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥. = ɸ(0.85)( 𝑓′𝑐 ) ab (d- 2)

= 155.10 kN.m ⸫ 𝑴𝒏𝒎𝒂𝒙. < 𝑴𝒖 (design as Doubly Renforced)

𝑀𝑛1 = 155.10 kN.m

𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑛2 = ɸ
- 𝑀𝑛1

= 424.12 kN.m

Tension Steel:

T=C
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 𝑀𝑛2
𝐴𝑠1 = 𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠2 = 𝑓 ′)
𝑦 (𝑑−𝑑

= 1282.54 mm² = 3058.06 mm²

@ 16 mm Ø bars @ 20 mm Ø bars
𝜋 𝜋
4
(16)² (N) = 1282.54 mm² 4
(16)² (N) = 3058.06 mm²

N = 2 bars N = 2 bars

Compression Steel:

𝑐−𝑑 ′
𝑓𝑠 ′ = 600 ( 𝑐
)

= 380.3 MPa ⸫ 𝒇𝒔′ < 𝒇𝒚 (steel does not yield)

 DESIGN OF FOOTING
 Data:

fc ′ = 21 MPa
fy = 250 MPa
n = 12
𝑛
k= f = 0.993
𝑛+ fs
c
k
j=1- = 0.669
3
1
R= f k j = 6.98 MPa
2 c
ASBC = 143 kPa

 Size of Footing:
PL = P + 0.08P (assuming wt. of footing to be 8%)
PL = 68.14 + 0.08(68.14)
PL = 73.6 kN
PL 73.6
L= =
ASBC 143

L = 1.00 m

Try 1.00 m x 1.00 m

 Effective depth:
68.14
Net Upward Pressure = =68.14kPa
1
0.325
M = 68.14 (0.325) (0.325) ( 2 ) (1)
M = 36 kN.m
3.6 (10)3
d=√ =71.8
(6.98)(1000)

Try d = 225 mm

Check for Shearing Stress

Vd = (68.14) (0.125) (1)

Vd = 8.52 kN

8.52 (10)3
fv = = 0.043
(1000)(200)

fvall = 0.09√21 = 0.412

𝐟𝐯 < 𝐟𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐥 safe!

 ANALYSIS OF TRUSS

 Wind load perpendicular to bottom chord:

1.42
w1 = = 3.97 kN/m
cos 26.57

 Weight of Purlins:
w2 = (3.44) (9.81) (10−3 ) = 0.03 kN/m

 Roof Live Load:

w3 = (0.75) (2.5) = 0.03 kN/m

 Total Weight:
Wt = w1 + w2 + w3
Wt = 3.97 + 0.03 + 1.88
Wt = 6 kN/m

 ∑ 𝐅𝐲 = 0;
(6) (7) = 2R
R = 21 kN

@ Joint A

 ∑ 𝐅𝐲 = 0;
21 – 6 + FAE sin 26.57 = 0
FAE = -33.54 kN (C)

 ∑ 𝐅𝐱 = 0;
FAB - FAE cos 26.57 = 0
FAB = 30 kN (T)
@ Section 𝐱 𝟐 @ Section 𝐱 𝟐

 +  +
∑ 𝐌𝐄 = 0; ∑ 𝐌𝐅 = 0;

21(1) – 6(1) – 6(1) + FEF sin 26.57 - 21(2) – 6(2) – 6(1) = FCD(2 tan
26.57)
FEC sin 26.57 = 0
FCD = 24 kN (T)
FBC = 30 kN (T)

 ∑ 𝐅𝐲 = 0;
 ∑ 𝐅𝐘 = 0;
21 – 6(3) + FFG sin 26.57 - FFD sin
21 – 6(2) + FEF sin 26.57 - FEC sin
26.57 = 0
26.57 = 0
FFG - FFD = -6.71
FEF − FEC - = -20.12 kN (T)
 ∑ 𝐅𝐱 = 0;

 ∑ 𝐅𝐱 = 0; FFG cos 26.57 - FFD cos 26.57

FEF cos 26.57 - FEC cos 26.57 = 0 + 24 = 0

FEF + FEC = -33.54 kN FFG + FFD = -26.83

𝐅𝐄𝐅 = -26.83 kN (C) 𝐅𝐅𝐆 = -16.77 kN (C)

𝐅𝐄𝐂 = -6.71 kN (C)
𝐅𝐅𝐃 = -10 kN (C)

[ @ Joint G ] [ @ Joint E ]

 ∑ Fy = 0;
33.54 sin 26.57 + 6.71 sin 26.57 = 0
 ∑ Fy = 0;
-6 – 28.63 sin 26.57 = FEB
(16 sin 26.57) + 6 + FGD = 0
𝐅𝐆𝐃 = 21 kN (C) 𝐅𝐄𝐁 = 0 Kn
[ @ Joint F ]

FAB = 30 kN (T)

FBC = 30 kN (T)

FCD = 24 kN (T)

FEB = 0 kN
 ∑ 𝐅𝐲 = 0; FFC = 3 kN (T)
26.83 sin 26.57 + 10 sin 26.57 = 0
FAD = 21 kN (C)
-6 – 16.77 sin 26.57 = 0 + FFC
FEC = 6.71 kN (C)
𝐅𝐅𝐂 = 3 Kn (T)
FFD = 10 kN (C)
 Internal Forces on Truss
FAE = 33.54 kN (C)
This forces will be used for the design
FEF = 26.83 kN (C)
of the members of the truss:
FFG = 16.77 kN (C)

DESIGN OF PURLINS

 Try Channel 88.9 x 38.1 for  Wind Normal to Roof

purlins:
(From table – Section Properties – 2Psinθ
Channel) Pn =
1+ sin2 θ
(Duchemin's Formula)
Fy = 250 MPa
P =0.0000473 v 2
Allowable Stresses:
P =0.0000473 (200)2
fb = 0.66 Fy for Compact
P = 1.9 kPa of vertical surface
fb = 0.40 Fy
2(1.9)sin(26.57)
1.5 Pn =
tan θ = ; θ = 26.57° 1+ sin2 (26.57)
3
𝐏𝐧 = 1.42 kPa (normal to roof)
 Normal Load: Weight of purlins:
Wind load normal to purlins:
W3 = (4.28) (9.81) (10−3 )
W1 = (1.42) (0.5)
W1 = 0.71 kN/m W3 = 0.03 kN/m

WT L2 WN = W1 + W2 + W3
MT =
8
WN = 0.71 + 0.36 + 0.03

(0.17) (2.5)2 WN = 1.1 kN/m

MT =
8
 Tangential Load:
MT = 0.13 kN.m

WT = (0.36 + 0.36)sin 26.57°

WT = 0.17 kN/m
Weight of roofing:
W2 = (0.75) (0.5)cos26.57
 Moments:
W2 = 0.36 kN/m
WN L2
MN =
8
(1.1) (2.5)2
MN =
8
MN = 0.86 kN.m

 Stresses:
MN
fbn =
Sx

(0.86) (10)6
fbn =
1802.5

fbn = 47.71 MPa

fbn fbt
+ ≤ 1.0
Fbn FbT

47.71 37.78
+ ≤ 1.0
165 187.5
0.49 < 1.0 ok! Safe

Use Channel Section 88.9 mm x

38.1 mm x 4.8 mm for purlins
 DESIGN OF SAG RODS

 Diameter of Sag Rod to Support @ Midspan:

WR = √WN 2 + WT 2
WR = √(1.1)2 + (0.17)2
WR = 0.113 kN/m
y1 = y2

5w L4 sin θ PL 3
=
384 EI 48 EI
5 WR L sin θ
P=
8
P = 0.08 kN
P = As fs
𝜋 2
(0.08) (10)3 = d (0.66) (250)
4
d = 1 mm – say 6.4 mm

Use 6.4 mm ∅ solid

round

rod for sag rods

 Diameter of the rod between ridge purlins:

PH cos θ = 0.08

0.08
PH = = 0.09 kN
cos 26.57
𝜋 2
(0.09) (10)3 = d (0.66) (250)
4
d = 1 mm – say 6.4 mm

Use 6.4 mm ∅ solid

round

rod between ridge

purlins
 DESIGN OF TOP CHORD
 Maximum Compressive Force:

FAE = 33.54 kN
( 76.67 )3 ( 76.67 )
2
Fa = [ 1- ] 3
 Using < 58.8 x 6.4 mm Equal Leg Angle 8(125)3 (8) ( 125 )

Bar (2 pieces):
56.67
Fa = = 0.5 > 0.15
−3 110.43
w = 6 cos 26.57 + 1.04 (9.81) (10) (2)

w = 5.39 kN/m
fa Vm fb
Use + f ≤ 1.0
Fa [1− a ]Fb
Fe ′

fa
Cm = 1 – 0.40
Fe ′

12π2 E
Fe ′ = KL 2
23 ( )
r

w L2 (5.39) (1.12)2
M= = = 0.85 kN.m
8 8 12π2 (200,000)
Fe ′ =
23 ( 74.67)2
0.85 (10)6
Fb = = 112.76 MPa
2(3769)
Fe ′ = 184.71 MPa

F 33.54 (10)3 (56.51)

fa = = = 56.51 MPa Cm = 1 – 0.40
A 593.5 184.71
Cm = 0.88
KL 1(1120)
= = 74.67
r 15 (56.51)
+
184.71
2 π2 E 2 π2 (200,000)
C=√ =√ = 125 (0.88) (112.76)
Fy 250 ≤ 1.0
56.51
(1− )(2)(0.66)(250)
184.71
KL
<C
r 0.70 < 1.0 safe! Ok!

KL 2
(
r
) Fy
Use Fa = (1 – )
2c2 F.S.
Use < 50.8 mm x 6.4 mm Equal
Leg Angle Bar for Top Chord
5 3(76.67 ) ( 76.67 )3
F.S. = + -
3 8 (125) 8(125)3

F.S. = 1.86