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Lit Guide To Fabricating 2 PDF
Lit Guide To Fabricating 2 PDF
Lit Guide To Fabricating 2 PDF
Fabricating FRP
Composites
with Corrosion-Resistant Vipel Resins
®
www.corrosionresins.com
Acknowledgments & Credits
Cover photos,
clockwise from upper left:
PITSA
Heil Process Equipment
Belco Manufacturing Co. Inc.
Tri-Clor, Inc
To the best of our knowledge, the information contained in this publication is accurate. However, we assume no liability for the accu-
racy or completeness of such information. The data in this publication were gathered using generally accepted industry practices and
equipment. Because equipment, material and environmental conditions may not be precisely the same, we cannot guarantee that oth-
ers will achieve exactly the same results. The user of this publication is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the guide’s
information to the user’s particular operation or end-use application.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................... Page 3
8. Appendix
1
1
Introduction
Depending on the experience and expertise of the reader, this guide can serve as
a reference source, a shop handbook or an educational tool. It has been prepared
primarily for fabricators who may benefit from AOC resin technology to make
fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites that will be used in corrosive environ-
ments. This publication may also prove helpful to engineers, consultants, facility
managers and other decision-makers who recommend, design or use composites
for their corrosion-resistant properties.
In thousands of locations around the world, FRP composites made with AOC res-
ins have been fighting the high cost of corrosion for decades. Vipel® chemistries
have set the global standard for large diameter water and sewer pipes, under-
ground fuel storage tanks and sewer line rehabilitation. Applications using Vipel
corrosion-resistant resin technology are also found in chemical processing plants,
mineral solvent extraction operations, power generation sites and food processing
facilities.
You can use this manual to determine which Vipel corrosion resin from AOC meets
specific performance requirements without over designing – or overpricing – the
application. Because Vipel resin technology is part of an engineered material
system, this guide also covers: reinforcement selection, catalysts and related chem-
istries, performance additives, quality checks and record keeping. In addition, the
guide covers important issues related to fabri-
cation, the environment, health and safety.
Scrubber
Vipel® K022-CC
HEE Environmental Engineering
3
2
Selecting a
Corrosion
Resin System
4
Fabricator responsibility
Most fabricators warrant materials, workman-
ship and compliance with referenced standards.
Material warranties generally exclude corrosion
resistance or performance. The chemical make-
up and process are controlled by the user, not the
fabricator. While most users accept these condi- 2
tions, the fabricator has the ultimate responsi-
bility for proper resin selection. Resin manufac-
turers provide critical resin physical property,
regulatory, laminate corrosion resistance and
laminating process and cure system data.
5
Fabricator recommendation
When the user, specifer or owner depends on the • Flow rates – range of inlet and outlet flows.
fabricator to make a recommendation for selection
of the resin system, be certain the user states all • Fire retardancy, where applicable. This must
aspects of the application and service. Some infor- be clearly stated, including flame spread rating
mation in the following checklist of application and and smoke requirements.
service factors does not directly impact resin selec-
tion but clearly influences the acceptable design. To • Installation location (indoors or outdoors). If
select the proper resin system, determine: outdoors, annual ambient temperature ranges,
local wind, snow load and seismic requirements
• The common name and, when possible, the are needed.
chemical name of the substance to which the com-
posite will be exposed. For example, muriatic is a • Insulation and heating requirements.
common name for hydrochloric acid. This type of This is particularly important when freeze protec-
information is generally contained in the Material tion or other temperature maintenance is dictated.
Safety Data Sheet for the medium. When heating coils are used, adequate clearance
at coil entry and exit nozzles must be provided to
• The concentration of each of the chemical com- prevent localized overheating.
ponents. In waste streams or other mixtures, it is
imperative that every component be identified by • Agitation and/or re-circulation re-
chemical name and concentration. quirements. Tank supported agitation
equipment can significantly impact design
• Specific gravity of each chemical solution considerations. All loads must be provided
or mixture. including dead weight, horsepower, and imposed
torque and bending moments. Side entry mixers
• pH, if it is an aqueous system. should be independently supported. Re-circula-
tion should not interfere with normal fill, outlet or
• Normal operating temperature range. overflow openings.
Include any anticipated temperature excursions due
to process upset or other abnormal condition. • Other mechanical loads – such as platforms or
walkways that may need to be supported on the
• Maximum use temperature – not maximum de- equipment.
sign temperature. Refer to AOC Resin Data Sheets
for specific information about resin heat deflection • Food and drug requirements. Use in food
temperature. and drug applications must be identified where
applicable.Cleaning and sterilization techniques
• Pressure and/or vacuum conditions. For tanks can be more severe than the chemical exposure.
it is also important to know if filling will be by pres- Composite applications in food and pharmaceu-
sure such as from a tank truck. Closed vent systems tical processing must meet requirements for food
must be clearly identified with a statement of pres- contact and resistance to specific cleaning and
sure drop to be applied to the equipment. sterilization materials and techniques. AOC offers
resins that comply criteria of the U.S. Food and
• Length of exposure to the medium if less that Drug Administration (FDA). Refer to AOC resin
continuous. In unusual cases, only a short period data sheets for specific information.
of exposure is to be expected. For example, the
laminate may need to only withstand occasional
splashes.
6
Short exposure periods at higher temperatures
usually do not affect product integrity if the heat
distortion temperature of the cured resin is not
exceeded. However, the highest temperature
reached and exposure duration at this tempera-
ture should be indicated when making inquiries.
2
In those instances where the specific applica-
tion is not listed, the fabricator is encouraged to
contact AOC. The checklist information above
should be included and should be directed to:
Corrosion Product Leader
AOC
950 Highway 57 East
Collierville, TN 38017
Phone: (901) 854-2800
Fax: (901) 854-2895
® Resin Technologies
AOC manufactures a wide range of corrosion resis-
tant products comprised of vinyl esters and polyesters.
Vinyl ester resins include bisphenol A epoxy and ep-
oxy novolac products. Polyesters include isophthalic,
terephthalic and chlorendic products. Vinyl esters are
sold to the chemical, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical,
mining, power, food and high purity markets. Vinyl
esters and polyesters are used for municipal water and
waste treatment and a wide range of general chemical
and food processing applications. High tensile elon-
gation properties of bisphenol A vinyl esters provide
superior toughness for improved impact resistance. High-strength HVAC ducting
Vipel® K022-AA
Vinyl Esters Ram Fiberglass
Most vinyl ester resins are provided unpromoted to
Vipel F007 has an even lower styrene content and is a
give the fabricator maximum flexibility in formulaing
possible alternative. Vipel F010 will have better corro-
to meet in-shop process and cure requirements. Less
sion resistance in most harsh chemical environments.
experienced fabricators are urged to carefully study
the formulations provided
Vipel F017 is an elastomeric epoxy vinyl ester used
and consult the AOC
for bonding primer applications and where inherent
Product Leader for guid-
toughness is required.
ance in developing pro-
moted cure systems.
Vipel K022 fire-retardant bisphenol A epoxy vinyl
esters are for fire and corrosion resistant service.
Bisphenol A epoxy vi-
Vipel K022 series includes several technologies:
nyl esters are well suited
• Vipel K026-AA series meets Class I flame spread
to all processes and are
and smoke development code requirements as tested
compatible with most veil
per ASTME 84 without the use of synergists. This ver-
and reinforcement ma-
sion is the highest in specific gravity.
terials. These resins also
• Vipel K022-AC series meets Class I flame spread
have the greatest range
code requirements as tested per ASTM E84 without
of promoter and initiator
Dual laminate tank the use of synergists. It is suggested for chimney liner
system flexibility. Special-
Vipel® F010 applications.
RL Industries ized systems like BPO/
• Vipel K022-CC series meets Class I flame spread
DMA cures for sodium
code requirements as tested per ASTM E84 with the
hypochlorite service work reliably with these resins.
addition of 1.5% antimony trioxide. It is suitable for a
Other systems are available for thick parts and thin
wide range of applications.
parts where gel time and exotherm temperature flex-
• Vipel K022-CN series meets Class I flame spread
ibility is important.
code requirements as tested per ASTM E84. It does
contain synergistic antimony products. The primary
Vipel® F010 series resins are the most commonly used
use is for structural parts.
resins for corrosion service. The styrene content of Vi-
• Vipel K022-E series meets Class I flame spread
pel F010 is relatively low which helps fabricators meet
code requirements as tested per ASTM E84 without
MACT requirements.
the addition of synergists. The product is designed for
infusion processes.
8
High cross-linked bisphenol A epoxy vinyl esters are
unique variations of the basic vinyl ester chemistry.
Vipel K023 series meets Class I flame spread code Wet-scrubbing tray tower
requirements as tested per ASTM E84 without the use Vipel® F085
of synergists. It is a fire-retardant low styrene (<35%) Heil Process Equipment
product.
Vipel F086 provides the same corrosion-resistant
performance at a HDT of 330°F (166°C)
Unsaturated Polyesters
Bisphenol A fumarate polyesters, such as
Vipel F282, have been widely used in corrosive
service. Many users have successful applications
of these types of resins with over 30 years service
and favor them over vinyl ester alternatives. Heat
distortion temperatures are marginally higher
than basic vinyl esters with a trade off in lower
tensile elongation.
9
ric chloride, coagulant aids, potable water, municipal Vipel K733 series are fire retardant isophthalic resins.
waste water and water-based polymer emulsions. Re- Vipel K733-A series meet Class I code flame spread
fer to the AOC Corrosion Resistant Resin Guide for requirements when tested per ASTM E84 without the
specific recommendations. use of synergists. Vipel K733-B series require addition
of 1.5% antimony trioxide to meet Class I code flame
Isophthalic resins are considerably less expensive than spread requirements when tested per ASTM E84.
vinyl esters and are easier to work with in some fabri-
cating operations. Because of the lower cost, for less
demanding environments, these resins are often used
in the structural layers behind inner corrosion barriers
constructed with premium corrosion-resistant resins.
Isophthalics are usually pre-promoted and provided
with reasonable gel times for most hand lay-up and
spray-up using conventional room temperature MEK
peroxide cure systems. The absence of fabricator
measuring and promoting requirements enhances the
savings.
10
Vipel F774 is a high crosslinked version engi-
neered primarily for composite underground fuel
storage tanks but may be used for any applica-
tion needing resistance to a wide range of sol-
vents and chemicals, including many acidic solu-
tions. These resin technologies meet Underwriters 2
Laboratories® 1316 and 1746 requirements for
underground storage applications.
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11
3
Selecting
Reinforcements
Surface Veils
Synthetic veil
Gun Roving
Gun roving is a continuous fiber suitable for chopping
or cutting with a conventional spray-up chopper gun.
The roving is delivered in a coreless package called a
Woven roving “doff” or ball. The density of the material is typically
given as the “yield” expressed in yd/pound. Typical
gun roving yields are in the 210 to 230 yd/pound
(423 to 463 m/kg) range. Gun rovings are usually
Type “E” glass. Type “ECR” rovings are also available
and provide better chemical performance in aggres-
sive environments.
Unidirectional fabric
Inhibitors and Gel Time Extenders Synergists may be added to added to fire retardant
TBC (tert butyl catechol) is an inhibitor frequently resins to meet specifications calling for code flame
added to styrene monomer to provide longer shelf life spread requirements. The most commonly used fire
when the monomer is purchased in drum quantities. retardant synergist fillers are antimony oxides. These
When any styrene containing TBC is added to promot- products are used with halogenated resins to enhance
ed resin mixes, the resin gel time and cure characteris-
18
the fire retardant properties. Addition of these prod- Thixotropes such as Cab-O-Sil® TS-720 or Aero-
ucts to non halogenated resins does not improve the sil® R 202 can be added for viscosity control or
flame resistance significantly. Antimony trioxide has making putties and pastes. However, it is recom-
been the most common product, and it should be in- mended that they not be used in corrosion liner
corporated with a high shear mixer in order to ensure resins as they will reduce chemical resistance.
that the particles are suitably dispersed into the resin.
Frequent mixing is recommended to prevent settling in Abrasion resistant additives such as aluminum
the resin. oxide, silica and silicon carbide can be added
to resin to improve the abrasion resistance of the
Liquid dispersions of antimony products are also composite. Other fillers are generally prohibited
available and preferred by many fabricators. Since in many corrosion-resistant equipment specifica-
the liquid dispersions such as Nyacol® APE3040 are tions. Occasionally, inert conductive fillers such
only 40% active, this dilution factor must be taken into as graphite or carbon black will be added to
account. Nyacol is a dispersion of the synergist in a a resin to meet electrical conductivity require-
non corrosion-resistant resin. This should be taken into ments. Abrasion resistance of the composite can
consideration for some severe corrosion applications. be improved through the use of hard, inert fillers
Generally, antimony oxides are not incorporated into such as silicon carbide.
the corrosion barrier, so this is not normally a concern.
Some grades of antimony trioxide fillers and disper- Defoaming agents are occasionally needed to
4
sions have been known to cause gel drift. Thus any enhance release of air bubbles that form in the
antimony oxide product should be added to the resin resin when cobalt and MEKP initiators are used.
just prior to use and the gel time checked daily. Foaming is less common when high dimer initia-
tors are used than when low dimer imitators are
One significant advantage of using a liquid disper- used. Examples are BYK®-A 555 and Foam Kill.
sion such as Nyacol® APE3040 is that the laminate is
less opaque. Thus the removal of air bubbles from a Vapor suppressants can be added to resins
resin containing Nyacol APE3040 is easier. to reduce styrene and other monomer emissions
and are becoming a more important part in emis-
sion compliant issues. Resins containing these ad-
ditives must be tested per the MACT specified
test method to determine the particular emission
reduction index for each additive in each resin.
Fabricators also need to be aware that these
additives can affect secondary bonding and in
many cases this will need to be tested also. If
secondary bonding is not an issue, paraffin wax
can be used. For some applications where sec-
ondary bonding is necessary, BYK-S 740/750
have been used. However, acceptable second-
Three specimens of Vipel® K022-C series resin show the effect of ary bonding can never be assured when prod-
synergist addition on translucency. The clear one has no syner- ucts such as these are used. It is always best to
gists. The middle one contains 2.5% Nyacol® APE3040. The
most opaque one contains 1.5% antimony trioxide.
grind before applying secondary laminates.
19
5
Resin Quality
Assurance &
Record
Keeping
20
Good recordkeeping is the essential first step to ensur- 3) Type and quantity of catalyst used
ing the quality and consistency of corrosion resistant in the resin to manufacture the corrosion
parts. From incoming raw materials to finished parts liner, structural layer and the topcoat.
shipment, the fabricator should keep a record of any
variables that may affect the part’s ability to meet me- 4) Ambient temperature and the temperature
chanical and physical property targets. The fabricator of the resin used for all fabrication steps.
should keep the quality control information provided
5) Viscosity and gel time of the resin.
by material suppliers.
Gel times should be checked periodically
for each application process.
The quality assurance measurements in Table 1. “Com-
mon Quality Control Tests” are conducted, using prop- 6) Quantity of resin used in the manufac-
erly maintained and calibrated equipment. A step-by- ture of the corrosion liner, structural layer
step protocol for each of the AOC test procedures is and the top coat.
available on request and can also be obtained from the
AOC Corrosion Specialist for your region. In addition 7) The quantity of reinforcement should be
to those pre-shipment tests performed by AOC, several recorded. If glass reinforcement is used, a
tests that should be routinely checked by the fabricator close approximation the glass content
are also listed. Table 2. “Getting Started with Quality would be an ash content.
Assurance Equipment” is intended for composite manu-
facturing operations that may need help in selecting 8) AOC certificate of analysis and the
equipment for these measurements. fabricators comparative data.
Record Keeping
ASME RTP-1 is also an excellent reference document
for record keeping guidelines. Basic resin information
that is useful for record keeping follows:
21
Viscosity test Barcol hardness test
22
1 2
1 Manufacturers may change product designation or replace models with new versions.
2 Specific manufacturer names are provided as a starting point and do not constitute an endorsement by AOC.
23
6
Resin Handling,
Safety and
Regulatory Issues
24
Storage Resin selection is usually a significant variable in
Ideally, vinyl ester and polyester resins should be developing and implementing a MACT compli-
stored out of direct sunlight at below 77°F (25°C). ance strategy. For years, AOC has maintained
Temperatures above 77°F (25°C) will shorten the us- a leadership position in the development of low
able working life of a resin. Generally, non-formu- styrene resin systems that offer processability
lated resins (ones without thixotrope or promoters) that is as good as, and in some cases better
are much more stable than formulated resins. Bulk than, that offered by higher styrene-content res-
storage tanks should either be stainless steel or car- ins. AOC is committed to providing resins en-
bon steel. Drums should have bungs closed to keep gineered to offer the optimum combination of
moisture out. Inventory of resins should be rotated so processability, end-use performance and regu-
that the first in is the first used. latory compliance. In addition, AOC offers the
industry’s best technical support for helping
Safety fabricators achieve the highest levels of quality,
Safe procedures must be followed in using vinyl ester consistency and regulatory compliance.
and polyester resins, promoters, iniators and other
additives. For example, promoters or accelerators OSHA
(such as cobalt naphthanate) must never come in di- Exposure to styrene in the workplace is regulat-
rect contact with any catalyst such as MEKP. A violent ed by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health
explosion and fire can occur. Thus promoters or ac- Adminstration (OHSA). Industries producing
celerators must be completely mixed into the resin and using styrene agreed to establish a volun-
before any catalyst is added. A complete review of tary program with the OSHA to limit workplace
MSDS information on all raw materials used to make inhalation exposures to styrene to 50 ppm on an
composites is necessary. 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA), and a
100 ppm 15-minute Short Term Limit (STL). One
Regulatory Issues of the best sources for more details on this issue
is AMCA whose website is www.acmanet.org.
MACT
Composite fabricators must comply with Maximum State and Local
Achievable Control Technology (MACT) regulations Fabricators should check with their state and lo-
established by the U.S. Environmental Protection. For cal government agencies to determine if they are
subject to emission standards that are in addi-
composites fabrication, styrene (the principal mono-
mer in polyester and vinyl ester resins) and methyl tion to those established by the EPA and OSHA. 6
methacrylate (frequently used monomer in gel coats A listing of significant state and local regulations
and some resins) are listed as Hazardous Air Pollut- is maintained by ACMA.
ants (HAPs).
25
7
Composite
Processing
Guidelines
26
The following rules, principles and recommendations the corrosion liner within 24 hours. In this case
are based on shop experiences and in many cases grinding is normally not required. Other cases
reflect practices outlined in industry standards. For involving grinding are:
more details on the manufacture and fabrication of
fiber-reinforced polymer composites for corrosion- 1) Resins Containing Wax. Very few
resistant service, contact the AOC Corrosion Team. Vipel® resins contain wax or wax type
To find the team member for your geographical re- products but sometimes the fabrica-
gion, go to Corrosion Team on the homepage menu tor may add wax to minimize styrene evapo-
of www.corrosionresins.com. ration and or facilitate the fast cure of the
resin. When wax is used, the surface
Post Curing should be ground with a coarse (16 or 24
To ensure that the final composite will meet fire retar- grit) grinding disc.
dant and corrosion resistant expectations, post curing
is recommended. In addition, post curing is required 2) Novolac Resins. Novolac resins are
on any composite that will be used for food/drug ap- highly reactive and present more of a
plications and aggressive chemicals such as sodium challenge with respect to secondary
hypochlorite. Post curing vinyl ester options are: bonding. Before applying a secondary
bond, the surface should be ground with a
1) Two hours at 200°F (93°C) grinding disc, as mentioned above. Re-
2) Four hours at 180°F (82°C) move all dust and debris after grinding
Depending on the chemical environment, novolac prior to the application of the secondary
resin composites may need to be post cured for four laminate.The secondary bonding should
hours at 212°F (100°C). Depending on the heat dis- be started within 2 hours from the time the
tortion temperature of the isophthalics or terephthal- surface preparation was completed. Oth-
ics, post cure is generally accomplished by heating erwise, foreign material may get on the
for four hours at 160°F (71°C) to 180°F (82°C). Ide- surface that could interfere with the bond.
ally, laminates cured with BPO should be post cured
within one week of lamination. This is not neces- Test Patches
sary with composites cured with MEKP. Temperature Test patches may be used when making repairs
should be closely monitored during ramp-up, at peak to interior surfaces that have been exposed to
temperature and during cool down. Direct any ques- chemicals that reduce adhesion. Primer coats
tions on this procedure to AOC’s Product Leader for with Vipel F017 are recommended to improve
Corrosion Resins. the adhesion with or without the test patch result.
If you need assistance in the proper preparation
Secondary Bonding of a test patch, contact an AOC Corrosion Spe-
Secondary bonds can easily be applied to most com- cialist.
posites manufactured with Vipel products. Laminates
are typically ground prior to secondary bonding
operations. The structural layer is usually applied to
Top Coats
A top coat of 0.002 - 0.004 inches (0.05-0.1 7
mm) is used to protect the glass fiber content
below. Paraffin wax is often added to improve
cure on the air-exposed surface. Achieving the
optimal coating thickness is important. A thin-
ner coat usually cures poorly; a thicker coat is
more prone to cracking.
27
It is important that a top coat gels and cures quickly. Formulating Topcoat Resins
The potential for entrapment of foreign materials on Formulation and gel time of topcoat resins are criti-
the surface increases as the gel time is extended. cal for optimum cure and performance of coated
Polyester and vinyl ester laminates that are exposed surfaces. The required paraffin content is generally
to air during cure in an open molding process re- 0.05-0.20 % by weight depending on the generic
main tacky due to air inhibition of the resin on the resin type. Since the paraffin is insoluble in the resin,
surface. Degree of inhibition varies depending on a solution of paraffin wax in styrene is added to the
the generic resin type. Air-exposed surfaces will not resin.
reach complete cure over time or with post curing.
• Resin and paraffin solution temperatures should be
Paraffin wax is added to resins to reduce air inhibi- at least 70°F (21°C) when preparing the topcoat mix-
tion and improve the cure of these surfaces. Sec- ture.
ondary bonding is impaired when paraffin has been
added to laminating resins. • Paraffin solution should be slowly added to the
resin after mixing has been started.
Paraffin Wax – Styrene Solution
A ten percent (10%) solution by weight of paraffin • Addition of thixotropic agents should be avoided.
wax dissolved in styrene is added to laminating res-
ins in the formulation of topcoat resins systems. The • Topcoat resins should be thoroughly re-mixed im-
solution may be purchased from a fiberglass materi- mediately prior to use. Mixing action should be mild
als distributor or can be prepared by the fabricator. to avoid generation of air bubbles.
When the fabricator chooses to make the solution,
several precautions are important: • Batch size should be dictated by estimated needs
for use within one day of preparation.
• The paraffin wax used must have a melting point
of 118 -122°F (48-50°C). • Initiator level should be such that the exotherm tem-
perature is reached in a relatively short time after
• Warming of the solution is required to dissolve the gelation to insure complete cure of the thin topcoat
paraffin. layer.
• Equipment used for warming must be explosion • Gel time of the topcoat resin should be 5 to 10
proof. minutes at the application temperature.
• Solution should be re-heated immediately prior to For recommended promoter, paraffin solution and
use to insure that the paraffin is not crystallized or initiator formulations, contact a member of the AOC
solidified when added to the resin. Corrosion Team or your AOC technical representa-
tive.
28
Application of Topcoats
Surface preparation: Surfaces should be clean,
dry and free of dust and other foreign matter. When
applying the topcoat to the air inhibited side of pri-
mary laminates the surface to be coated should be
lightly sanded or scuffed to remove loose fiber and
any other blemishes. For fresh (recently laminated,
exothermed and cooled) secondary surfaces sand-
ing should only be necessary to remove loose fiber
and any other blemishes. Solvent wiping should be
avoided to prevent contamination of the prepared
surface.
Applying a topcoat
29
Bonding to Concrete
The following guidelines are for applying an FRP
laminate to concrete. For specific questions, contact
your AOC Corrosion Team member.
30
Applying composite to steel.
Bonding to Steel
The following guidelines are for applying an FRP
laminate to steel. For specific questions, contact a
member of the AOC Corrosion Team.
It is usually a good plan to prepare a small sample Care must be used in handling these chemicals
and check the gel time before proceeding to make a from a health and safety perspective. Review
larger production quantity. information available in the MSDS document
before using the product.
Cobalt solutions, tertiary butyl catechol (TBC) and
benzoyl peroxide (BPO) are available in several con-
centrations. The concentrations of these products in
this guide are 6, 85 and 98% respectively. In many
cases, adjustments will be needed to account for the
concentration of the product in hand.
1)
N,N-Diethylaniline (DEA) is a slightly
safer product to handle than N,N-Dimethyl-
aniline (DMA). Gel times with DEA are
longer (about twice as long) than when
DMA is used at the same concentration.
33
Typical Formulations and Gel Times of Select Vipel® Resins
Gel Times for Vipel® F010–CNL, CNM and CNT series
Cobalt Naphthenate (6%) & DMA and alternate DEA with 1.25% Hipoint 90 – MEKP Catalyst
DMA DEA
Resin
Temperature 60s 70s 90s 60s 70s 90s
(°F)
10 – 20 min. 19 16 13 18 17 15 12 15
MEKP,% 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
CoNAP,% 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1
DMA,% 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
DEA,% 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
2,4-P,% 0.01 0.01
TBC,% 0.01 0.005
.
20 – 40 min 26 32 29 25 38 32 29 36 34 27 29 30
MEKP,% 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
CoNAP,% 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
DMA,% 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
DEA,% 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
2,4-P,% 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.04
TBC,% 0.01 0.015 0.025 0.01 0.015 0.02
40 – 60 min. 43 43 50 52 51 46 47 49 44 51 48 51
MEKP,% 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
CoNAP,% 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
DMA,% 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
DEA,% 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
2,4-P,% 0.05 0.08 0.1 0.05 0.07 0.06
TBC,% 0.017 0.03 0.04 0.016 0.03 0.035
20 – 40 min. 36 35 27 30 38 25
BPO,% 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
DMA,% 0.1 0.1 0.05
DEA,% 0.3 0.25 0.15
40 – 60 min. 54 44 57 52 48 52
BPO,% 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
DMA,% 0.07 0.05 0.04
DEA,% 0.2 0.15 0.1
34
Typical Formulations and Gel Times of Select Vipel® Resins
Gel Times for Vipel® K022-AC, CCC , CCL, CNC series
Cobalt Naphthenate (6%) & DMA and DEA alternative with 1.25% Hipoint 90 – MEKP Catalyst
DMA DEA
Resin
Temperature 60s 70s 90s 60s 70s 90s
(°F)
10 – 20 min. 20 13 17 16 17 13
MEKP,% 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
CoNAP,% 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
DMA,% 0. 2 0.15 0.05
DEA,% 0.5 0.3 0.2
20 – 40 min. 24 32 36 27 31 30 28 35 36 33
MEKP,% 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
CoNAP,% 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
DMA,% 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
DEA,% 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
2,4-P,% 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.08
TBC,% 0.0075 0.01 0.004 0.017
40 – 60 min. 44 52 48 50 46 55 44 45 48 56 52 43
MEKP,% 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
CoNAP,% 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
DMA,% 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
DEA,% 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
2,4-P,% 0.04 0.075 0.1 0.04 0.06 0.1
TBC,% 0.007 0.015 0.02 0.005 0.01 0.025
20 – 40 min. 23 27 26 28 26 27
BPO,% 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
DMA,% 0.25 0.12 0.09
DEA,% 0.5 0.3 0.2
40 – 60 min. 49 56 44 55 42 54
BPO,% 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
DMA,% 0.1 0.1 0.05
DEA,% 0.25 0.15 0.1
40 – 60 min. 46 50 43
Alternative #1 CHP,% 1 1 1
CoNAP,% 0.3 0.2 0.15
DMA,% 0.05 0 0
35
Typical Formulations and Gel Times of Select Vipel® Resins
Gel Times for Vipel® F701-BBB series
Cobalt Naphthenate (6%) & DMA with Hipoint 90 – MEKP Catalyst
20 – 40 min. 23 24 21
MEKP,% 1.0 1.5 0.75
CoNAP,% 0.6 0.2 0.2
40 – 70 min. 70 43
MEKP,% 1.0 1.0 No Data
CoNAP,% 0.2 0.2
Typical Formulations and Gel Times of Select Vipel® Resins
Gel Times for Vipel® K095-AAA-00
Cobalt Naphthenate (6%) & DMA with CHP (90% active)
20 – 40 min. 35 30 30
CHP,% 2.0 1.5 1.0
CoNAP,% 0.4 0.3 0.2
DMA,% 0.2 0.05 0
2,4-P,% 0 0 0.05
40 – 60 min. 49 45 49
CHP,% 1.5 1.0 1.0
CoNAP,% 0.3 0.2 0.2
DMA,% 0.05 0 0.1
Trademark Notices
Aerosil® is a registered trademark of Degussa Corp. • Aropol® is a registered trademark of Ashland Inc.
BYK® is a registered trademark of BYK. • Cab-O-Sil® is a registered trademark of Cabot Corp.
Chroma-Tek® is a registered trademark of AOC, LLC. • CoREZYN® is a registered trademark of Interplastic Corp.
Derakane® is a registered trademark of Ashland Inc. • DION® is a registered trademark of Reichhold Inc.
Hetron® is a registered trademark of Ashland Inc. • Lupersox® is a registered trademark of Arkema Inc.
Mylar® is a registered trademark of DuPont Teijin Films. • Norox® is a registered trademark of Norac, Inc.
Nyacol® is a registered trademark of Nyacol Nano Technologies, Inc. • Trigonox® is a registered trademark of Akzo Nobel nv.
Underwriters Laboratories® is a registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. • Vipel® is a registered trademark of AOC, LLC.
36
Vipel® Corrosion Resin Cross Reference
If you are considering or using resins made by another manufacturer, use this reference to find Vipel® technologies that most nearly
match competitors’ resins. This list is only a guide. Confirm your selection with an AOC Corrosion Specialist before making a final
decision because some environments may require an alternative.
8
trioxide *
Terephthalic (rigid) F713
Terephthalic Polyester
F774 490
(rigid high cross-linked)
Chlorendic Acid Polyester Class I K190 197 16-DA-097 797
flame spread with the use of
antimony trioxide *
Bisphenol-A Fumarate Polyester F282 700 6694
* Tested according to ASTM E84
37
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