Pailan Technical Campus

Elementary Communication Engineering

Set-1
1. What is sampling? What is Sampling Theorem?
Ans: Sampling is defined as the process in which an analog signal is converted into digital signals. It
means that a continuous time signal is converted into a discrete time signal.

Analog Communication notes

Sampling Theorem is defined as : ’The continuous time signal that can be represented in its
samples and recovered back if the sampling frequency (fs) is greater than the maximum frequency
of the signal (fm) that is fs >2fm’.
2. Define PAM and write down its drawbacks?
Ans: Pulse Amplitude Modulation is the process by which the amplitude of the regularly spaced
pulses varies according to the the amplitude of the modulating signal.

The drawbacks are:

a. Since the amplitude of the pulses varies therefore the peak power of the modulating s/g is much
greater.
b. The bandwidth required for transmitting is greater since the amplitude varies.
3. What is Modulation? What happens in over modulation?
Ans: Modulation is defined as the process in which some characteristics of the signal called carrier
is varied according to the modulating or baseband signal. For example – Amplitude Modulation,
Phase Modulation, Frequency Modulation.

In case of over modulation, the modulation index is greater than one and envelope distortion
occurs.

4. What do you mean by Nyquist rate?

Ans: In case of Nyquist rate, the sampling frequency is equal to the maximum frequency of the
signal and therefore the successive cycles of the spectrum does not overlap.
5. What do you mean by FM and classify FM?
Ans: Frequency Modulation can be defined as the frequency of the carrier (wc) is varied acc. to the
modulating signal about an unmodulated frequency.

FM are of 2 types:

a. Narrowband FM
b. Wideband FM
6. What is under sampling?
Ans: Under sampling is also known as aliasing effect in which the the sampling frequency is less
than the maximum frequency of the signal and therefore the successive cycles of the spectrum
overlap.
7. State the advantages of superheterodyning?
Ans: The advantages are:
a. High selectivity and sensitivity.
b. No change in Bandwidth that is bandwidth remains same all over the operating range.
c. High adjacent channel rejection.
8. What is multiplexing? Name the types of multiplexing?
Ans: Multiplexing is defined as the process in which a number of message signals are combined
together to form composite signals so that they can be transmitted through the common channel.

The two types of multiplexing are:

a. Frequency Division Multiplexing: In this technique, fixed frequency bands are allotted to every
user in the complete channel bandwidth. Such frequency is allotted to user on a continuous basis.
b. Time Division Multiplexing: When the pulse is present for the short time duration and most of
the time there is no signal present in-between them than this free space between the two pulses can
occupied by the pulses from other channels. This is known as Time Division Multiplexing.

9. What is Amplitude Modulation?

Ans: Amplitude Modulation is defined as the process in which the instantaneous value of the
amplitude of the carrier is varied according to the amplitude of the modulating or base band signal.

10. How can be aliasing be avoided?

Ans: Aliasing can be avoided if:
a. Sampling frequency must be greater than the frequency of the modulating signal.
b. The frequency should be band limited to maximum frequency of the signal(fm) Htz.
c. If pre-alias filter is used.
11. In amplitude modulation, which among the following is constant?
a)Amplitude
b)Frequency
c)Wavelength
d)Timeperiod
Answer:b
Explanation: In amplitude modulation, the carrier wave has constant frequency and the modulating
wave information is conveyed by the amplitude of the carrier waves.
12. Modern phase techniques are capable of __________
a) Resolving modulation
b) Resolving amplitude
c) Resolving frequency
d) Resolving wave length
Answer: d
Explanation: Modern phase comparison techniques are able to possess a better resolving capacity
than the remaining techniques. They can resolve better than 1/1000 part of a wavelength.
13. Lower frequency is not suitable in_________
a) Direct transmission
b) Distance calculation
c) Determination of wavelength
d) Determination of frequency
Answer: a
Explanation: The range of lower frequency is not suitable in case of direct transmission through
atmosphere because it may involve in atmospheric conditions like interference, reflection, fading
and scattering. This may decrease the impact of frequency which may reduce the information being
transmitted.
14. Which of the following represents the correct set of modulation classification?
a) Frequency, time period
b) Frequency, amplitude
c) Amplitude, wavelength
d) Wavelength, frequency
Answer: b
Explanation: The interference technique can be eradicated by modulation, which involves two
classifications. They are amplitude and frequency modulations, which can be super imposed during
phase comparison.
15. Which of the following indicates the correct set of frequency employed in measuring
process?
a) 7*106 to 5*108 Hz
b) 7.5*106 to 4.5*108 Hz
c) 7.5*106 to 5.9*108 Hz
d) 7.5*106 to 5*108 Hz
Answer: d
Explanation: In general, the present situation needs a frequency range of approximately 7.5*106 to
5*108 Hz. This can be used in order to determine the distance between the points and also
employed in EDM instruments.
16. Which of the following is constant in case of frequency modulation?
a) Modulation
b) Wavelength
c) Amplitude
d) Frequency
Answer: c
Explanation: In frequency modulation, the carrier wave has constant amplitude and the modulating
wave information is conveyed by the amplitude of the carrier waves.
17. Which can’t be done in high frequency zones?
a) Phase comparison
b) Super imposition of waves
c) Distance measurement
d) Wavelength measurement
Answer: a
Explanation: In high frequency zones, the phase comparison techniques cannot be applied. The high
frequency may be determined as 5*108 Hz which may correspond to a wave length of 0.6 m.
18. Modulating wave can also be known as ______
a) Total wave
b) Measuring wave
c) Super wave
d) Incubation wave
Answer: b
Explanation: Modulation involves the overcoming of the problems raised due to the interference,
scattering, etc. In this, the measuring wave is super imposed on a carrier wave of high frequency, so
it is also known as measuring wave.
19. If 10mm is the accuracy considered, what will be the maximum value of λ for 1/1000
part?
a) 10000 m
b) 10 cm
c) 10 m
d) 10000 cm
Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum value of the wave length can be determined by multiplying assumed
wave length with the accuracy considered, which means, λ = 10*1000 = 10 m.
20. Frequency modulation is equipped in all EDM instruments.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: In frequency modulation, the carrier wave has constant amplitude and frequency
varies in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating wave. Frequency modulation is used in all
EDM instruments, while amplitude modulation is done in visible light instruments and infrared
instruments.

21) The ratio of maximum peak frequency deviation and the maximum modulating signal
frequency is termed as

a. Frequency deviation
b. Deviation ratio
c. Signal to noise ratio
d. Frequency spectrum
ANSWER: Deviation ratio
22) Change in instantaneous phase of the carrier with change in amplitude of the
modulating signal generates

a. Direct FM
b. Indirect FM
c. SSB-SC
d. DSB-SC
ANSWER: Indirect FM
23) What is the maximum modulating frequency allowed in commercial FM broadcastings?

a. 40 KHz
b. 75 KHz
c. 15 KHz
d. 120 KHz
ANSWER: 15 KHz
24) What is the maximum frequency deviation allowed in commercial FM broadcasting?

a. 100 KHz
b. 75 KHz
c. 15 KHz
d. 120 KHz
ANSWER: 75 KHz
25) According to Carson’s rule, Bandwidth B and modulating frequency fm are related as

a. B = 2(Δf + fm) Hz
b. B = fm Hz
c. B < 2fm Hz
d. B > 2fm Hz
ANSWER: B = 2(Δf + fm) Hz

26) The audio signal having frequency 500Hz and voltage 2.6V, shows a deviation of 5.2KHz
in a Frequency Modulation system. If the audio signal voltage changes to 8.6V, calculate the
new deviation obtained.

a. 17.2 KHz
b. 19.6 KHz
c. 25.6 KHz
d. 14.6 KHz
ANSWER: 17.2 KHz
27) What is the required bandwidth according to the Carson’s rule, when a 100 MHz carrier
is modulated with a sinusoidal signal at 1KHz, the maximum frequency deviation being 50
KHz.

a. 1 KHz
b. 50 KHz
c. 102 KHz
d. 150 KHz
ANSWER: 102 KHz
28) The modulation index of FM is given by

a. μ = frequency deviation/ modulating frequency

b. μ = modulating frequency /frequency deviation
c. μ = modulating frequency/ carrier frequency
d. μ = carrier frequency / modulating frequency
ANSWER: μ = frequency deviation/ modulating frequency
29) In radio receivers, varactor diodes are used for

a. Tuning
b. Demodulation
c. Mixing
d. None of the above
ANSWER: Tuning
30) The amount of frequency deviation in FM signal depends on

a. Amplitude of the modulating signal

b. Carrier frequency
c. Modulating frequency
d. Transmitter amplifier
ANSWER: Amplitude of the modulating signal
31) In terms of signal frequency (fs) and intermediate frequency (fi), the image frequency is
given by

a. fs + fi
b. fs + 2fi
c. 2fs + fi
d. 2( fs + fi)
ANSWER: fs + 2fi

32) The standard value for Intermediate frequency (IF) in AM receivers is

a. 455 KHz
b. 580 KHz
c. 10.7 MHz
d. 50 MHz
ANSWER: 455 KHz
33) Intermediate frequency (IF) should be carefully chosen as

a. High IF results in poor selectivity

b. High IF results in problems in tracking of signals
c. Image frequency rejection becomes poor at low IF
d. All of the above
ANSWER: All of the above
34) Frequency components of an AM wave (m = modulation index) are

a. Carrier frequency (ωc ) with amplitude A

b. Upper side band (ωc + ωm) having amplitude mA/2
c. Lower side band (ωc - ωm) having amplitude mA/2
d. All of the above
ANSWER: All of the above
36) What is the maximum transmission efficiency of an AM signal?

a. 64.44%
b. 33.33%
c. 56.66%
d. 75.55%
ANSWER: 33.33%
37) An oscillator for an AM transmitter has a 100μH coil and a 10nF capacitor. If a
modulating frequency of 10 KHz modulates the oscillator, find the frequency range of the
side bands.
ANSWER:
Carrier frequency fc = 1/2Π√LC
= 1/ 2Π√100 * 10- 6 * 10 * 10-9
= 1/2Π * 10-6
= 1.59 * 105 Hz
= 159 KHz
The modulating frequency fm is 10KHz
Therefore the range of AM spectrum is given by (fc - fm ) to (fc + fm )
= (159 - 10) to (159 + 10)
= 149 KHz to 169 KHz
38) AM wave may be represented as E(t) cos ωct where E(t) is

a. Envelope of the AM wave

b. Carrier signal
c. Amplitude of modulating signal
d. None of the above
ANSWER: Envelope of the AM wave
39) Advantages of analog communication over digital communication are:

a. Data rate is low

b. Less transmission bandwidth is required
c. Synchronization is not needed
d. All of the above
ANSWER: All of the above
40) For a FM signal v(t) = 20 cos ( 10 * 108t + 30 sin 3000t), calculate the power dissipated by
the FM wave in a 20Ω resistor.

ANSWER:

Standard expression for FM signal is given by

v(t) = A cos ( Ωct + mf sin Ωmt)
Comparing with the given equation,
A = 20
The dissipated power is given by P = V2rms/R
= (20/√2)2/ 20
= 10Watts.

41) Calculate the modulation index when the unmodulated carrier power is 15KW, and
after modulation, carrier power is 17KW.

ANSWER:
The total power in an AM is given by
Pt = Pc ( 1 + m2/2)
17 = 15(1 + m2/2)
m2/2 = 0.134
m = 0.5163
= 51.63%

42) Calculate the side band power in an SSBSC signal when there is 50% modulation and the
carrier power is 50W.

ANSWER:

The side band power is given by

Pc m2/2
= 50 * (0.5) 2/2
= 6.25W

43) For over modulation, the value of modulation index m is

a. m < 1
b. m = 1
c. m > 1
d. Not predetermined
ANSWER: m > 1
44) Advantage of using a high frequency carrier wave is
a. Signal can be transmitted over very long distances
b. Dissipates very small power
c. Antenna height of the transmitter is reduced
d. All of the above
ANSWER: All of the above
45) What is the change in the value of transmitted power when the modulation index
changes from 0 to 1?

ANSWER:
Pt = Pc ( 1 + m2/2)
Pt= Pc ( 1 + 02/2) = Pc ..(1)
New total power Pt1= Pc ( 1 + 12/2)
= Pc *3/2 ..(2)
(2) / (1),
We get , Pt1/ Pt= 3/2= 1.5
Pt1= 1.5 Pt
i.e. there is increase in total power by 50%
46) What is the carrier frequency in an AM wave when its highest frequency component is
850Hz and the bandwidth of the signal is 50Hz?

ANSWER:
Upper frequency = 850Hz
Bandwidth = 50Hz
Therefore lower Frequency = 850 - 50= 800 Hz
Carrier Frequency = (850-800)/2
= 825 Hz

47) A 3 GHz carrier is DSB SC modulated by a signal with maximum frequency of 2 MHz. The
minimum sampling frequency required for the signal so that the signal is ideally sampled is

a. 4 MHz
b. 6 MHz
c. 6.004 GHz
d. 6 GHz
ANSWER: 6.004 GHz
48) In the TV receivers, the device used for tuning the receiver to the incoming signal is

a. Varactor diode
b. High pass Filter
c. Zener diode
d. Low pass filter
ANSWER: Varactor diode
49)Standard intermediate frequency used for AM receiver is

a. 455 MHz
b. 455 KHz
c. 455 Hz
d. None of the above
ANSWER: 455 KHz
50) Unit step function is

a. Exists only for positive side

b. Is zero for negative side
c. Discontinuous at time t=0
d. All of the above
ANSWER: All of the above
 Elementary Communication Engg.
Set-2
1. In case of AM, increase in modulating signal amplitude leads to
(a) Increaselo (b) Decrease (c) no change in modulated signal power
Answer: (a)
2. In case of FM, increase in modulating signal amplitude leads to -
(a) Increase 1 (b) decrease (c) no change in modulated signal power
Answer: (c)
3. In case of FM, increase in number of sidebands leads to -
(a) Increase (b) decrease (c) no change in modulated signal power
Answer: (c)
4. PWM is used in -
(a) SMPS
(b) inverter
(c) amplifier
(d) Oscillator
Answer: (a)

5. PPM can be generated form PWM by using -

(a) mono-stable multivibrator

(b) Bistable multivibrator (C) Astable multivibrator

(d) none

Answer: (a)

6. The advantage of AM with full carrier is -

(a) Less bandwidth

(c) Simple receiver circuit

(b) less power requirements (d) none

Answer: (c)

7. FM signal can be generated by a phase modulator if the input is -

(a) Derivative of modulating signal (b) integral of modulating signal

(c) Product of carrier & modulating signal (d) none

Answer: (b)

8. In NBFM, number of sidebands will be - (a) one(b) two (c) three(d) more than three

Answer: (d)

9. PAM is an -

(a) Analog pulse modulation

(c) Binary pulse modulation

(b) digital pulse modulation (d) none

Answer: (a)

10. If modulating signal amplitude increases, total power of FM signal will - (a) Increase

(b) decrease

(c) remain constant

(d) body & (a) & (c) Answer: (a)

11. Modulation is necessary for --

(a) Less distortion (b) frequency translation (c) High speed communication (d) digitization

Answer: (a)

12. The value of modulation index of AM may be - (a) 0 to 1 (b) 0 to u

(c)- 1 to +1 (d) none of these

Answer: (c)
13. Most of the power of a modulated signal is associated with - (a) Lower sideband

(b) upper sideband (c) Carrier wave

(d) none of the above

Answer: (c)

14. One method of generating AM wave is plate modulated (a) Class-A amplifier

(b) Class-B amplifier (c) Class-C amplifier

(d) none Answer: (c)

15. In TV broadcasting, the modulation used for audio signal is – (a) SSB (b) DSB

(c) VSB (d) FM

Answer: (d)

16. The word varactor stands for

(a) Variable resistor

(c) Variable oscillator (b) variable reactor (d) none

Answer: (b)

17. Essential circuit for PAM generation is -

(a)Balanced modulator

(c) Sample and hold circuit

(b) Class-C amplifier (d) none

Answer: (c)

18. PWM is a type of - (a) PAM

(b) PPM (d) none

Answer: (d)

19. Bandwidth of voice frequency signal is given by - (a) 10Hz to 10KHz

(6) 30Hz to 30KHz (c) 30 to 3400Hz

(d) none

Answer: (c)

20. When the modulation index becomes greater than 1 in case of AM the situation is called -

(a) extra-modulation

(b) over modulation (c) Under modulation

(d) none

Answer: (b)

22. Modulation is done in the –

(a) receiver

(b) transmitter

(c) channel

(d) none

Answer: (b)

23. The value of modulation index of FM may be - (b) negative

(c) greater than 1

(d) 0 to 1

(a) 0

Answer: (c)

24. Which of the following frequency component may present at the output of balanced modulator?
-

(a) Un-modulated carrier signal

(b) base band signal (c) Image frequency

(d) none of the above

Answer: (d)

25. One method of generating AM wave is pulse modulated -- (a) Class-A amplifier
(b) class-B amplifier (c) class-C amplifier

(d) none

Answer: (c)

26. In TV broadcasting, the modulation used for video signal is - (a) AM (b) PCM

(c) PAM

(d) FM

Answer: (a)

27. Essential circuit for PTM generation is -

(a) Balanced modulator

(c) Sample and hold circuit

(b) class-C amplifier (d) Multivibrator

Answer: (d)

28. Following is an example of analog modulation - (a) ADM (b) PWM (c) PSK (d) PCM

Answer: (b)

29. In PWM, W stands for –

(a) wavelength (b) width (c) worse

(d) word

Answer: (b)

30. Base band communication is used for

(a) long distance communication

(c) optical fiber communication

(b) short distance communication (d) mobile telephony

Answer: (b)

31. Modulation is used to make -

(a) Shorter antenna length

(c) Transmitter simpler (b) longer antenna length (d) none of these

Answer: (a)

32. The power in a sideband is -

(b) 1/4th power of carrier signal (a) 1/2th the power of carrier signal (c) 1/8th the power of
carrier signal

(d) 1/5th the power of carrier signal

Answer: (b)

33. In FM signal -

(a) Carrier frequency changes with modulating signal frequency (b) Carrier frequency changes with
modulating signal amplitude (c) Carrier signal amplitude changes with modulating signal frequency

(d) Modulating signal frequency changes with carrier frequency Answer: (a)

34. AM transmitters are generally of

(a) Class-A type (b) Class-AB type (d) Class C type

(c) Class-B type Answer: (d)

35. The full form of VSB signal is -

(a) Variable Sideband

(C) Very short Bandwidth (b) Vestigial Side band (d) Variable Size Broadband

Answer: (b)

36. In angle modulation which of the following parameters of carrier signal varies -

(a) Amplitude or Phase

(b) Amplitude or frequency (c) Phase and frequency

(d) None

Answer: (c)

37. The significant side bands of FM are determined from –

(a) Fourier Transform

(b) Laplace Transform (c) Bessel function

(d) odd function Answer: (c)

38. Carson's rule is associated to - . (a) AM

(b) PWM

(c) PPM

(d) FM. Answer: (d)

39. Pulse width modulation may be generated

(a) by differentiating PPM

(C) by integrating the signal (b) with a monostable multivibrator (d) with a free running
multivibrator Answer: (c)

40. An example of linear modulation system is - (a) AM (b) FM

(c) PM (d) None Answer: (a)

41. Carson's Rule is associated with - (a) NBFM (b) WBFM

(c) AM

(d) PCM Answer: (a) and (b)

42. The maximum efficiency of amplitude modulation is - (a) 33.33% (b) 66.66%

(c) 100%

(d) 50% Answer: (a)

43. Number of sidebands of a frequency modulated wave is - (b) 4

(c) 1

(d) infinite

(a) 2 Answer: (d)

44. What is the maximum deviation for wideband FM? (a) 75 kHz (b) 25 kHz

(c) 75 Hz
(d) 25 Hz

Answer: (a)

45. Modulation index for Narrowband FM is nearly equal to - (a) 0

(c) 10 (d) 100

(b) 1 Answer: (b)

46. When signal amplitude is equal to carrier amplitude then % modulation is -

(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 101

(d) 100

Answer: (d)

47. PAM signal can be demodulated by using -

(a) LPF (b) HPF(c) BPF

(d) LPF Answer: (a)

48. For faithful broadcasting of high quality music, more suitable is - (a) PCM (b) AM (c) FM

(d) PM Answer: (a)

49. Carrier suppression is done to reduce -

(a) BW (b) power

(c) noise (d) both BW and power Answer: (d)

50. In TV broadcast the video signal is modulates in -

(a) SSB (b) VSB (c) FM

(d) DM Answer: (c)

 Elementary Communication Engg.
Set-3

51. Inter-symbol interference is a problem in -

(a) AM (b) FM, (c) PWM

(d) PCM Answer: (c)

52. If P. is the carrier power then the transmitted power of modulates signal Pis

by

(a) (m2/2)P, (b) (1 + m2/2)P. (c) (1 + m2)P. (d)(1+m)P. Answer: (c)

53. In an AM wave the total power content is 600 Watt and that of each side band is 75

Watt. The modulation index is - (a) 53.5% (b) 60.7% (c) 81.6%

(d) 100% Answer: (c)

54. In AM if one of the sidebands is suppressed, which of the following statement is NOT true -

(a) It will save bandwidth

(b) It will save power (c) Part of the message will be lost

(d) Equipment becomes more complex Answer: (c)

55. The bandwidth of a narrow band FM signal is equal to - (a)fm

(b) 2fm (d)  (c) 2 

Answer: (b)

56. The band width requirement for baseband signals in telephony is -

(a) upto 20KHZ

(c) 88MHz to 108 MHz

(b) upto 15 KHz (d) m0.3 to 3.4 KHz Answer: (d)

57. The PPŃ can be converted into PWM by employing -

(a) monostable multivibrator

(b) bistable multivibrator (C) a stable multivibrator

(d) integrator Answer: (b)

58. The main advantage of frequency modulation over amplitude modulation

(a) that there will be no distortion (b) that the complete information is contained in the side bands
(c) that it uses a wider band of frequencies

(d) the elimination of noises Answer: (d)

59. What determines the percentage modulation of an FM transmitter?

(a) amplitude of the carrier (b) modulating frequency (c) carrier frequency

(d) amplitude of the modulating signal Answer: (d)

60. Which of the following is not a major benefit of SSB?

(a) noise in the signal is reduced (b) conserves spectrum space (c) less transmitter circuitry is used

(d) more fading of an SSB signal over long distances Answer: (c)

61. If modulation is 100% then signal amplitude is

carrier amplitude -

(a) equal to

(c) less than Answer: (a)

(b) greater than (d) none of these

62. Standard intermediate frequency used for AM receiver is - (a) 455 MHz
(b) 455 KHz (c) 455Hz

(d) none of these

Answer: (a)

63. A modulation index of 0.5 would be same as -

(a) 0.5 of modulation Depth (b) 1/2% of Modulation Depth

(c) 5% of Modulation Depth (d) 50% Modulation Depth

Answer: (d)

B. Fill in the blanks in the following statements:

64. In AM radio Channel bandwidth is 10 KHZ

65. In FM radio channel bandwidth is 200khz

66. In plate modulated class C amplifier modulating signal is applied in series with Power supply.

67. In the AM signal A(1+m(t)) coswt, minimum value of m(t) is Zero

68. In FM if the peak frequency deviation is 75KHz and bandwidth of modulating signal is 15KHz
the FM bandwidth is 180 KHZ

69. Electromagnetic wave propagation for AM short wave radio is via ionosphere.

70. A varator diode acts as a variable Capacitor.

71. The two types of PTM signals are PWM and PPM.

72. Spectrum of a signal denotes range of frequencies.

73. The spectrum of the signal m(t)cos(wet) is centered at  c

74. Normalized average power of the signal Acos (wt) is

75. BW of AM signal is 2fm

76. A varactor diode finds application in FM modulation.

77. In commercial FM radio, the range of carrier frequencies are 88-108 MHz

78. In a plate modulated class C amplifier, the modulating signal is applied in series with Plate
supplied voltage
79. In a AM signal A[1+m(b)cos(  t)], the maximum value of AM signal is A[1 + m(b)]

80. The modulation technique used to modulate the video signal TV broadcasting is VSB-AM
modulation

81. The value of modulation index in AM signal varies with less than or equal to zero.

82. If the carrier frequency is 10 MHz and modulating signal bandwidth, is 10 KHz, then USB
extends from 10 KHz to 15 KHz in positive frequency range.

83. One example of analog pulse modulation is Pulse amplitude Modulation.

84. At high frequency noise of FM signal is Less than AM signal

85. The power content of AM is Equal to carrier power when m=0

86. In PM noise can be decreased by Decreasing phase instability

87. In FM noise can be decreased by phase modulation.

88. Carson's rule is associated with FM

89. BW of voice signal is from 300 Hz to 3.4KHz

90. If m=0.5 and Pe=50 Watt, then the power with each sideband is 3.125Walt

C. State whether the following statements are True or False:

91. In phase modulation the frequency deviation is directly proportional to the modulating signal
frequency. Answer: True

92. The sound signal in a TV broadcast is modulated in FM Answer: True

93. AM is an angle modulation Answer: False

94. High frequency signal transmission is done by AM Answer: False

95. Carrier signal contains no information. Answer: True

96. AM produces additional frequencies. Answer: True

97. Fourier series is useful for determining the frequency components of a -

(a) aperiodic signal
(b) periodic signal (c) infinite signal
(d) none
Answer: (b)
98. In Fourier Transform the limit of integrations is
(a) - ∞ to +∞
(b) 0 to +∞
(C) - ∞ to 0
(d) none of these
Answer: (a)
99. The main source of noise in a communication system is -
(a) Channel
(b) Transmitter
(c) Receiver
(d) none of the above
Answer: (a)
100. For an odd function the Fourier series consist of -
(a) Sine terms only
(b) Cosine terms only
(c) Both sine and cosine terms
(d) None of these
Answer: (a)
 Elementary Communication Engg.
Set-4

1. In SSB, the bandwidth requirement compared to AM is - (b) half

(c) double

(d) none

(a) Same Answer: (b)

2. In SSB-SC, SC stands for -

(a) Sufficient carrier

(c) Suppressed carrier

(b) selected carrier (d) none Answer: (C)

3. Third method is a method of generation of - (a) DSB (b) PCM

(c) SSB

(d) PAM Answer: (c)

4 The most commonly used filters in SSB generation are - (a) Mechanical (b) LC

(c) RC

(d) low-pass Answer: (d)

5. Hybrid network is a -

(a) two wire circuit into four wire circuit

(c) two wire circuit into two wire circuit

(b) four wire circuit into two wire circuit (d) none of these Answer: (b)
6. In FM broadcast the maximum modulation frequency is - (a) 5kHz (b) 10kHz

(c) 15kHz

(d) 25kHz Answer: (c)

7. Calculate the bandwidth occupied by a DSB signal when the modulating frequenc lies in the range
from 100 Hz to 10 KHZ -

(a) 28 KHz (b) 24.5 KHz (c) 38.6 KHz

(d) 19.8 KHz Answer: (d)

8. A 3 GHz is DSB SC modulated by a signal with maximum 1 hva signal with maximum frequency of
minimum sampling frequency required for the signal so that the signal is sampled is (a) 4 MHz (b) 6
MHz

(c) 6.004 MHz (d) 6 GHz Answer: (c)

Fill in the blanks in the following statements:

9. If modulating signal bandwidth is B Hz then SSB bandwidth is B Hz.

10. FM radio transmitting antennas are placed on top of a high tower since FM propagates by space
wave and increases area of transmission.

11. The type of antenna used in a pocket radio is Telescopic antenna.

12. In AM radio, MW refers to carrier frequency range 550-1650 KHz

13. The wavelength of 1 MHz signal is Medium wave

14. In NBFM (Narrow Band Frequency Modulation), the number of sidebands is 8.

15. NBFM modulation is used in point to point mobile communication

16. AM is used for regional broadcast.

2. The simplest demodulator circuit consists of a - (a) SCR (b) transistor (c) diode

(d) UJT Answer: (c)

3. The filter which is used to extract the signal form its sample value is called -

(b) anti-aliasing filter (d) none

(a) Reconstruction filter

(c) Matched filter

(d) resistor

(c) modem Answer: (a)

4. The basic component AM detector is - (a) Diode

(b) photo detector Answer: (a)

(d) none

(c) photo detector

5. The ratio detector is a/an -

(a) AM detector (b) FM detector Answer: (b)

6. Tone control may be done by - (a) AGC (c) AMC(d) ADC

(b) AFC Answer: (a)

7. Limiter is inherently present in

(a) Foster-Seeley discriminator

(c) Photo detector

(b) ratio detector (d) AM detector

(d) none Answer: (b)

8. AGC is nothing but -

(a) Volume control (b) tone control Answer: (b)

(c) note control

(d) none

9. Foster-Seeley discriminator is used for the detection of -

(a) FM signal (b) AM signal (c) PCM signals Answer: (a)

10. Frequency modulation can be done with -

(a) Armstrong modulator

(c) ratio detector (b) Foster-Silley discriminator (d) balanced modulator Answer: (a)

11. Which of the following is used for FM detection -

(a) Ratio detector (b) photo detector (c) Diode detector (d) none answer: (a)

12. An essential component of PLL is - (a) VCO

(b) high pass filter (c) modem (d) modulator Answer: (a)

13. BW of baseband signal in Hi-Fi radio is -

(a) up to 20 kHz (b) up to 10 kHz (c) up to 20 Hz (d) none of these

Answer: (a)

14. Which noise does not occur in transistor? (a) short

(b) flicker (c) partition Answer: (c)

(d) resistance

15. PLL may be used to generate - (a) AM

(b) FM (c) PCM

(d) DM

Answer: (b)

Fill in the blanks in the following statements:

16. Ratio-Detector is a type of FM Detector.

17. A sampled signal is reconstructed by passing it through a low pass filter.

18. Demodulation refers to Recovery of original signal.

19. Coherent or synchronous demodulation refers to The process in which modulated signal is
mixed with the carrier.

20. The envelope of the AM signal A+m(t) cos(  t) is m(t)/A.

21. The basic components used in an AM envelope detector are Crystal diode, capacitor,resistor.

22. In AM radio, AGC is obtained from Filtering circuit after diode detector.
23. In AM radio, AGC is applied to Mixer circuit.

24. In a crystal oscillator, crystal refers to Tank circuit.

State whether the following statements are True or False:

25. The envelop detector is a synchronous detector

Answer: False

2. In superheterodyne receiver, image frequency is - (a) fc + fa (b) fc + 2if

(c) fc-fIF

(d) fc - 2fIF

Answer: (b)

3. In super heterodyne receiver, image frequency can rejected by making -

(a) RF stage more selective

(b) IF stage more selective (c) Local oscillator more selective

(d) None Answer: (a)

4. Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis is used to -

(a) Reduce noise (b) reduce BW (c) Control error (d) none Answer: (a)

5. A super-heterodyne receiver must contain –

(a) mixer (b) ratio detector (c) Tone division multiplexing (d) none Answer: (a)

6. Image frequency may be generate in -

(a) AM transmitter (b) FM transmitter (c) AM receiver (d) none

Answer: (d)

7. Phase Locked Loop may be used to generate -

(a) AM (b) FM (c) PAM (d) PCM Answer: (b)

8. Modulation index of FM wave is given by -

(a) Modulating of frequency/frequency deviation (b) Frequency deviation/modulating frequency
(c) Carrier frequency/modulating frequency

(d) Modulating frequency/carrier frequency Answer: (b)

9. The signal at the output of IF amplifier is - (a) Un-modulated (b) modulated (c) Radio frequency
(d) none Answer: (b)

10. To construct De-emphasis circuit following circuit element is essential –(a) Capacitor (b)
inductor (c) operational amplifier (d) none Answer: (a)

Elementary Communication Engg.

Set-5
1. Pre-emphasis in transmitter is to boost -

(a) Low frequency(b) high frequency (c) Medium frequency(d) none Answer: (b)

3. FDM stands for

(a) Frequency dual multiplexing (c) Field division multiplexing

(b) frequency division multiplexing

(d) none Answer: (b)

4. The full form of EPABX is

(a) Electronic Public Automatic Branch Exchange (b) Extended Public Automatic Branch Exchange
(c) Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange (d) Electronic Private Alternate Branch Exchange

Answer: (a)

5. Tone dialing means dialing with -

(a) single frequency

(c) multi frequency (more than two)

(b) dual frequency (d) no frequency Answer: (c)

6. Modern telephone used - (a) PM

(b) AM

(d) PAM

(c) PCM Answer: (c)

7. What two sine wave frequencies are produced when the 8 key is pressed?

(a) 697 and 1477 Hz

(b) 852 and 1336 Hz (c) 770 and 1209 Hz

(d) 941 and 1336 Hz Answer: (b)

8. Standard telephones receive their power from

(a) an internal ac power supply (b) a battery (c) 48 V de supplied by the telephone company

(d) 90 V ac supplied by the telephone company Answer: (c)

9. The channel bandwidth of Television broadcast is - (a) 4.25MHz (b) 5MHz

(c) 7MHz (d) 10MHz Answer: (c)

10. Central offices are connected by

(a) local loops

(c) both a and b (b) trunk lines (d) none of the above Answer: (a)

11. The typical voltage needed to "ring" a telephone is - (a) 48 volts DC

(b) 48 volts, 20 hertz AC (c) 90volts DC

(d) 90 volts, 20 hertz AC Answer: (d)

Fill in the blanks in the following statements:

12. Local loop refers to Access line from a subscriber terminal to the 1" teler

office along the line path.

13. The definition and unit for traffic intensity is Erlang.

14. In traffic engineering, the definition of grade of service Lost call/offered calls.

15. DTMF stands for Dual tone multi frequency.

16. Frequency modulation is used in point to point mobile communication.

State whether the following statements are True or False:

17. Electronic exchange is a digital system.

Answer: True

18. Practically dialed number can be stored in push button apparatus. Answer: False

19. Carbon granule is used in telephone receiver. Answer: True

20. Co-ax cable is not used above 1 GHz. Answer: True

21. CDR (Call Detail Recording) is a system feature of EPABX Answer: True

23. Give two names or designations for the standard connector used on telephone.

Answer: RJ45 and RJ25 these two are modular plug used in standard telephone.

1. For a signal having maximum frequency fm, required sampling rate will be

(a) fm (6) 2 fm (c) fm 12 (d) 4 km Answer: (b)

2. Under sampling leads to -

(a) capture effect" (b) aperture effect

(d) none

(c) aliasing effect Answer: (c)

3 In PCM, for greater number of quantization level, bit rate will - (a) Increase (b) decrease

(c) remain same Answer: (a)

4. In PCM, for greater number of quantization levels, quantization noise will –

(a) Increase (b) decrease (c) not change Answer: (b)

5. In PCM, for less number of quantization levels, required bandwidth will be -

(a) more

(b) less (c) same as earlier Answer: (b)

6. Required bandwidth of RZ line codes compared to NRZ line codes is -

(a) double (b) half (c) one fourth (d) none Answer: (a)

7. Information content in a message has -

(a) Logarithm

(b) Linear (c) Inverse logarithmic

(d) Power law relationship with the probability of that message Answer: (a)

8. Unit of information is -

(a) Bits

(b) bits/sec (c) bits symbol (d) none Answer: (b)

9. In PCM, if bits/sample is increased by 2 bits, the SNR will increase by - (a) 1 dB

(b) 2 dB (c) 3 dB (d) 6 dB Answer: (d)

10. The relationship of information with probability is - (a) Linear

(b) Logarithmic (c) Logarithmic & inverse (d) none. Answer: (C)

11. In PCM, if number of quantization level increases, the quantization noise -

(a) Decrease (b) increase (c) remain same (d) none Answer: (a)

12. Following is an example of digital modulation - (a) PAM

(b) PWM (c) PPM Answer: (d)

(d) PCM

13. Sampling rate for reproduction of original signal must be

(a) <fm

(b) >fm (c)>2fm

(d) none Answer: (c)

14. Companding is a method for =

(a) linear quantization

(c) amplitude modulation Answer: (b)

(b) non-linear quantization (d) frequency modulation

15. Which of the following modulation is the 1st step of PCM - (a) PAM

(b) PPM (c) PWM

(d) none Answer: (a)

16. A PCM receiver must contain - (a) Mixer

(b) ratio detector

(C) AND gate (d) none Answer: (d)

17. Sampling rate for reproduction of original signal is stated by - (a) Hartley and Shannon

(b) Armstrong (c) Fourier

(d) Laplace Answer: (a)

18. In PCM at the output of reconstruction filter we obtain -

(a) Analog signal

(b) intermediate frequency signal (C) Digital signal

(d) none Answer: (a)

19. AMI is a method of -

(a) Encoding information (c) Digital modulation

(b) analog modulation less (d) none of the above

Answer: (a)

20. An example of non-linear quantization - (a) PCM

(b) DPCM (c) delta modulation

(d) companding Answer: (d)

21. Companding is used -

(a) to overcome quantizing noise in PCM (b) in PCM transmitters, to allow amplitude limiting in the
receivers (c) to protect small signals in PCM from quantizing distortion

(d) in PCM receivers, to overcome impulse noise Answer: (c)

22. The biggest disadvantage of PCM is -

(a) its inability to handle analog signals (b) the high error rate which its quantizing noise introduces
(c) its compatibility with TDM

(d) the large bandwidth that required for it Answer: (d)

23. The Hartley-Shannon theorem sets a limit on the -a) the highest frequency that may be sent
over a given channel (b) maximum capacity of a channel with a given noise level (c) maximum
number of coding levels in a channel with a given noise level

(d) maximum number of quantizing levels in a channel of a given bandwidth Answer: (b)

24. Sample and hold circuit is an essential component of

(a) PCM system (b) AM system (c) FM system

(d) PM system Answer: (a)

25. After sampling, the signal, is -

(a) analog (b) Digital

(c) Binary

(d) none Answer: (b)

26. In digital time division switching the speech signal is carried by -

(a) PAM samples (b) PWM samples (c) PPM samples (d) PCM samples Answer:(d)