Answer no 1 Oct 91 Q1

Let
p = probability of having a car
q = probability of not having a car
p = 80% = 0.8
q = 1 – 0.8 = 0.2
n=5

P(X = x)n = Cx px qn – x

Where x = 0,1,2, . . . . . n

i. P (X = 0)= 5C0 (0.8)0 (0.2)5 = 0.00032

ii. P (X = 1)= 5C1 (0.8)1 (0.2)4 = 0.0064
iii. P (X = 2)= 5C2 (0.8)2 (0.2)3 = 0.0512
iv. P (X = 3)= 5C3 (0.8)3 (0.2)2 = 0.2048
v. P (X  1)= 1 – p (x = 0)
P = (X  1) = 1 – 0.000321 = 0.99968

Answer no 2 Oct 91 Q3

a)
i.  = 45  = 6 x1 = 55 x2 = 60

x 55  45
Z1    1.67
 6
x   60  45
Z2    2.5
 6

- 45 55 60 +

Area of z1 (from 1.67 to + ) = 0.0475

Area of z2 (from 2.64 to + ) = 0.0062
P (from x1 = 55 to x2 = 60) = 0.0475 – 0.0062 = 0.0413
 Proportion of values in between 55 and 60 = 0.0413 x 100 = 4.13% = 4.13%

ii.

x1 = 60
x2 = 65
60 – 45
Z1 = = 2.50
6
65 – 45
Z2 = = 3.33
6

- 45 60 65 +
Area of z1 (from 2.5 to + ) = 0.0062
Area of z2 (from 3.3 to + ) = 0.0004
P (from 60 to 65) = 0.0062 – 0.0004 = 0.0058
Proportion of values in between 60 and 65 = 0.0058 x 100 = 0.58%

iii.

x1 = 40
x2 = 50
40 – 45
Z1 = = 0.83
6
50 – 45
Z2 = = 0.83
6

- 40 45 50 +
Area of z1 (from  to + 0.83) = 0.2033
Area of z2 (from 0.83 to + ) = 0.2033
P (from 40 to 50) = 1 – 0.2033 = 0.5934
Proportion of values in between 40 and 50 =100 x 5934 = 59.34%
iv.

60  45
z  2.50
6

- 45 60 +
Area of z (from 2.50 to +) = 0.0062

Proportion of values more than 60 = 100 x 0.0062 = 62%

b) From more than 65 and

less than 25 Z = 65 – 45 = 3.33

6
Area of Z (from 3.33 to + ) = 0.0004
P (X > 65)= 0.0004
Z = 25 – 45 = -0.33
6

- 25 45 65 +

Area of Z (from -- to + -3.33) = 0.0004

P (X < 25) = 0.0004
Hence P (X > 65) = P (X < 25) = 0.0004

Answer no 3 Oct 91 Q5 (vi)

Binomial distribution: suppose ‘p’ is the probability of success and ‘q’ the probability of failure
in a single trial, then the probability of X successes out of ‘n’ trials is:

P (X = x) = nCx px q n – x
Where X = 0,1,2,…,n and p + q = 1
It is a discrete probability distribution and applied when the number of trials is small and trials re
independent. Moreover the trials may be classified in to two categories (success and failure.) the
probability of success remains same throughout the experiment.

Answer no 4 April 92 Q7

a)

Probability of defective = p = 0.03

q = 1 – p = 1 – 0.03 = 0.97
n = 10

Using binomial distribution

P (X = x) = nCx px q n – x
P (x 2) = 1 – [P (x = 0) – P (x = 1)]
= 1 – [10C0 (0.03)0 (0.97)10 + C1 (0.03)0 (0.97)0]
= 1 – [0.7374 + 0.2281] = 0.0345

Using poisson distribution

P (X = x) = e – .x
x!
 = (X  = 1 – p3 (X = 0) – (X =1)
2)
= 1 -e – 3 (0.3)0 -e – 3 (0.3)
0! 0!
= 1 – e (0.3) – (0.3) (e – 3)
–3 0

= 1 – e – 3 (1 + 0.3)
= 1 – (1.3) (0.74082) e – 3 = 0.74082
= 1 – 0.963066
P (X  2) = 0.036934

b)

P = 0.5
q = 0.5
n=5
p = (X = 3) = 5C3 (0.5)3 (0.5)2 = 0.3125

Answer no 5 April 1992 Q4 (iii)

It is a limiting case of binomial probability distribution when the number of trials ‘n’ is very
large and neither ‘p’ the probability of success nor ‘q’ the probability of failure is very small.
The probability density function of this distribution is given by the equation.

f (x) 1
= �√ �
Where  = mean
 = S.D
 = 3.14159
e = 2.71828

- Mean +

The main properties of the distribution are:

1. it is a bell shaped symmetric distribution.

2. Its range is from -  to +
3. The area under the normal curve3 is 1
4. Mean, Median and Mode of the Normal distribution is the same.
5. The mean Deviation of the Normal distribution is 4/5 of its standard deviation.

Answer no 6 Oct 92 Q8

Probability of dissatisfied = 2.5% = 0.025

p = 0.025
n = 30
 = np = 0.025 x 30 = 0.75 using poison distribution

Where x = 0,1,2,3,……,

P (X = = −� �
x) � �
x!
P (X < = P (X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)
3)
 = −� + −� −�
� � � � � �2
0! 1! 2!
= −� + −� + �
� � 2 �
� � �
2
0.75 – 0.75 2 0-.75
= e - + (e )+ (0.75) (e )
2
0.75 – 0.75
= e- 1+0.75 + (0.75)2
2
0.75
= e- [1+ 0.75 + 0.28123]
= e -0.75 [2.03125]
= 0.47267 [2.03125]
P (X < = 0.9601
3)

Answer no 7 Oct 92 Q10

Let P = probability of defective

q = probability of not defective
p = 0.06
q = 0.94
n=6

a) using binomial distribution

P (X = x) = nCx px q n – x
P (X = 1) C1 (0.06) (0.94)5 = 0.2642
x = 0,1,2,3,…..,n

b) The number of times one defective occurs out of 100 times = 100 X 0.2642 = 26.42% or 26
times approximately.

Answer no 8 April 1993 Q.8

a) Let

P = probability that a student’s expects promotion

q = probability that a student’s not expects promotion
P = 75% = 0.75%
q =0.25
n=5

using binomial distribution

i. P(X = x) = ncx px q n – x

P (X  3) = P (X = 3) + P (X = 4) +P (X = 5)
5
= c3 (0.75)3 (0.25)2 + 5c4 (0.75)4 (0.25) + 5c5
(0.75)5
= 0.2637 + 0.3955 + 0.2373
P (X  3) = 0.8965

ii.

P (X  3) = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) +P (X = 2) + P (X = 3)
= 1 – P (X = 4) – P (X = 5)
= 1 – 0.3955 – 0.2373
P (X  3) = 0.3672

b)

p = probability of defective
p = 13% = 0.13
n = 0.25
q = 1 – p = 1 – 0.13 = 0.87

using normal approximation to the binomial distribution.

 = np = 25 x 0.13 = 3.25

� = √� =√ x . x . = .

i. We need P (X < 4) but applying continuity correction P (X < 3.5) is required.

Z = x -  = 3.5 – 3.25 = 0.5596

 1.68
Area of Z (from -  to 0.15 ) = 0.5596

P (X < 3.5) = 0.5596

 0
- 0.15 

ii. P (X  3) = P (x  2.5)

If x = 2.5

Z = x -  = 2.50 – 3.25 = – 0.45

 1.68
= P(X  3) = (x  0.5) = p(Z  -0.45)
= P (- 0.45  Z  0) + P (0  Z  )
= 0.1736 + 0.5000 = 0.6736

- 0.45 
Answer 9 Apr 93 Q9

a)

 = 10 minutes

 = 3 minutes.

i) Here we need P(X > 5)

Z = x -  = 5 – 10 = –1.67
 3
Area of Z (from -  to – 1.67 ) = 0.0475
P (X > 5) = 1 – 0.475 = 0.9525

Proportion of employees requiring more than five minutes to complete the task = 0.9525 x
100 = 95.25%
 0
- -1.07 

ii) Here we need P(X < 5)

Z = x -  Z = 5 – 10 = –1.67
 3
Area of Z (from -  to – 1.67 ) = 0.0475
P (X < 5) = 0.0475

Proportion of employees requiring less than five minutes to complete the task = 0.0475 x 100
= 4.75%

- x=5 x = 10 +

b)

 = 10
=3
n = 81

Here we need P �̅ > .

�̅ − � . −
�= = = .
�/√� /√

Area of Z (from 2.01 to +  ) = 0.0222

� �̅ > . = .
- 0 2.01 +

Answer no 10 Apr 93 Q 10

Minorities Others Total

4 6 10

Number of persons to be selected = 4

Total no. of outcomes for selecting 4 persons out of 10 persons = 10c4 = 10! / 4! X 6! = 210

i) P (no minority) = � � =
� 15 = 1 =0.9286
210 210 14
ii) P (at most one minority) = 1 – P (no minority)
= 1 – 15 / 210 = 195/210
iii) P (at most one minority) = P (no minority) + P (one minority)
= 15 + � � �
210 210
= 15 + 80 = 95 =0.524
210 210 210
iv) P (Two minority and two others) = � � �
210
= 6 x 15 = 90 = 0.4286
210 210

Answer no 11 Oct 1993 Q9

P = Probability of defective tank

q = Probability of not defective tank
p = 30% = 0.3
q = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7
n = 5 using binomial distribution.
n x n x
P( X  x)  C p Q
x
 i. P (X > 2) = (P (X = 3) +P (X = 4) +P (X = 5)
5 3 2 4 3
C (0.3) (0.7)  C (0.3) (0.7)  C (0.3)
5 5
3 4 3

P (X > 2) = 0.1323 + 0.0284 + 0.0024 = 0.1631

ii. Mean = np
Mean = 10,000 x 0.3 = 3000
iii.

5
P( X  0)  C (0.3) 0 (0.7) 5  0.1681
0

Answer no 12 Oct 93 Q10

Age under 20000 Income (Rs.) 20000/50000 Over Total

50000
Under 25 years 250 1,000 50 2000
25-45 years 450 2,050 1500 4,000
Over 45 years 50 950 1000 2,000
Total 1450 4000 2550 8000

i) P(a person who is less than 25 years) 2000 = = 1

8000 4
ii) P(a person having income under 20,000) = 1450 = 145
8000 800
iii) P (a person is over 45 years and income under 50,000) = 1000 = 1
8000 8
iv) P(a person is between 25-45 years or over 25) = 4000+2000 = 6000 = 3
8000 8000 4

Answer no 13 Apr 94 Q8

a)
i)
   75
  7.5
x
Z

80  75
Z  0.67
7.5

Area of Z (from 0.67 to + ) = 0.2514

P (X > 80) = 0.2514
% of scores exceeding 80 = 0.2514 x 100 = 25.14%

- 0.670 +
0

ii)

Let X = 98th percentile i.e. 98% area below and 2% above X

If we see the table of area under the normal curve the area 0.02 (from Z to + ) is against Z =
2.06

x  75
2.06 
7.5
15.45  x  75
x  90.45marks

98% 2%
- x +

b)
   30 feet
  4 feet
x   40  30.
Z   2.5
 4

Area of Z (from 2.5 to + 0.9) = 0.0062

P(X > 40) = 0.0062

- 0 2.5 

Answer no 14 Apr 94 Q9

i) The probability that worker will be male service = 0.047

ii) The probability that worker will be a manager or professional = 0.167 + 0.120 = 0.287
iii) The probability that a worker will be female professional or operator/fabricator = 0.120 +
0.042 = 0.162
iv) The probability that worker will not be technical/sales/administrative occupation = 1 – 0.198
– 0.114 = 0.688

Answer no 15 Oct 94 Q8

Age Category
Job Category A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
< 20 21-25 26-30 31-35 >35 Total
B1: Clerical. 20 20 15 10 5 70
B2: Custodial 3 6 3 2 1 15
B3: Craft Workers 15 30 35 20 10 110
B4: Sales People. 1 5 10 5 2 23
B5: Junior 0 1 5 2 0 8
Executives.
B6:Execytives. 0 0 2 2 1 5
Total 39 62 70 41 19 231

a)
P [neither executive nor Junior executive]  P( B6  B5)

 1  P( B6  B5)  1  [ P( B6)  P ( B) ]
5

8 5 13 218
 1[  ]  1 
231 231 231 231

b)

P [Executive or Junior executive]= P( B6  B5 )

 P( B) 5  P( B) 6
8 5 13
  
231 231 231
c)

More than 30 years clerical or custodial

15 3 18
  
231 231 231
d)

P [Craft worker 35 years old or younger]

15  30  35  20 100
 
231 231
e)

P [Craft worker or a sales person and is between 21 and 30 years old]

30  35  5  10 80
 
231 231
f)

B1  A5  5
P( B1  A5 )  5 / 231

g)

A2  B6  0
P( A2  B6 )  0 / 231  0
h)

P( A1  B6 )  P( A1 )  P( B6 )  P( A2  B6 )
39 5 0 44
   
231 231 231 231

Answer no 16 Oct 94 Q9

a)

Let probability of using credit card = P

Probability of not using credit card = q

P = 0.4, q = 0.6
n =12

i)

P (X  1) = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1)
By using Binomial distribution

P( X  x)  C xn P x q n x
P( X  x)  C012 (0.4) 0 (0.6)12  C112 (0.4)1 (0.6)11
P( X  1)  0.00218  0.01741  0.01959

ii)

P (X  1) = 1 – P (X = 0) = 1 – 0.00218 = 0.99782

b)
i)
  600
  100
x  450
1

x  700
2


Zx 1


x  450  600
Z  2
  1.5
1
 6

 x    700  600  1.
1
Z 2
 6

Area of Z1 (from - to -1.5) = 0.0668

Area of Z2 (from 1 to + ) = 0.1587
P (form 450 to 700 ) 1 – 0.0668 – 0.1587 = 0.7745
Proportion of employees taking score between 450 and 700 = 0.7745 x 100 = 77.45%

- 450 600 700 +

ii)

The value of Z corresponding to 10% area is 1.28.

x  600
1.28 
100
X  600  128  728
The score should be more than 728 to get promotion.

90%
10%
- x +

Answer no 17 Apr 95 Q5 (b,c)

a)
i)

 = 500
 = 100

Since 50th percentile = median and in case of normal distribution mean =

Median = Mode therefore, P50 = 500

ii)

The value of Z corresponding to area 0.025 is  1.96

 1.96  x  500
1

100
x1  304and
x  500
1.96  2

100
x 2
 696

Middle 95% range for this distribution 304 to 696.

95%
0.025 0.025
- 304 696 +

b)
x1  40
x 2  90
z2  3
40  
 2 

90  
3

 2  40   (i )
3  90   (ii )

Subtracting (i) from (ii)

5  50
  10

Putting value of  in (i) equation.

 2(10)  40  
  60

Answer no 18 Apr 95 Q7

a)
i) Expected profit = 120,000 (3/5) – 30,000 (2/5) = 72,000 – 12,000 = Rs 60,000
ii) Expected profit = 90,000 (4/5) – 31,000 (1/5) = 72,000 – 63,000 = Rs 65,700

The profit in case (ii) is more than case (I). yes he would be better of biding on a job in part
(ii), because of profit of Rs. 65,700/- as compared to a profit of Rs 60,000/-

b) Let

The probability of stay = p

Probability not to stay = q
p = 3/5 = 0.6
q = 0.4
n=6

using binomial distribution

P( X  x)c xn p x q n  x
x  1,2,3,............., n
P( X  3)  1  P( X  3)
 1  [ P( X  0)  P( X  1)  P( X  2)]
 1  [c06 (0.6) 6 (0.4) 6  c16 (0.6) 5 (0.4) 5  c 26 (0.6) 2 (0.4) 4 ]
 1  [0.0041  0.0369  0.1382]
P( X  3)  1  0.1792  0.8208

c) The total possible outcomes when two dice are thrown 6 x 6 = 36 as follows:

1,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 5,1 6,1

1,2 2,2 3,2 4,2 5,2 6,2
1,3 2,3 3,3 4,3 5,3 6,3
1,4 2,4 3,4 4,4 5,4 6,4
1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5
1,6 2,6 3,6 4,6 5,6 6,6

Let A = sum 9

A = (6,3), (5,4), (4,5), (4,6), (1,4), (2,4), (3,4), (5,4), (6,4) = 11 ways.

Let B = the number 4 on at least one die.

A = (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (1,4), (2,4), (3,4), (4,4), (5,6) = 11 ways.

P (B)= 11/36

A  B  (4,5)(5,4)
P( A  B)  2 / 36
4 11 2
P( AorB)     13 / 36
36 36 36

Answer no 19 Oct 95 Q5 (d)

The empirical rule for symmetric distribution is:

Mean = Mode = Median

Median – Q1 = Q3 – Median
 Answer no 20 Oct 95 Q7

a)

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P (x) 0.01 0.07 0.18 0.34 0.24 0.12 0.03 0.01
XP (x) 0 0.07 0.36 1.02 0.96 0.60 0.18 0.07

E ( x)   xp( x)  3.26

b) P (selling in Maree calls)

= 0.7 + 0.3 (0.6) + 0.3 (0.4) (0.5)
= 0.94
c)

P = 0.2
q = 0.8
n=4

i)
3
P( X  1)  4c1 (0.2) (0.8)  0.4096

ii)
0 4
P( X  0)  4c 0 (0.2) (0.8)  0.4096

iii)

P( X  2)  P( x  0) P( x  1)  P( x  2)
 0.4096
2 2
0.4096  4c 2 (0.2) (0.8)
 0.4096  0.4096  0.1536
P( X  2)  0.9728

Answer no 21 Oct 95 Q8 (b)

P = 80% = 0.8
q = 0.2
n = 30
using normal approximation to Binomial distribution

  np  0.8  30  4
  npq  30  0.8  0.2  2.2

x = at least 25 means 24.5 since 25 is included

x 24.5  24 0.5

Z    0.23
 2.2 2.2

Are of Z (from 0.23 to + )=0.4090

P(X  24.5) = 0.4090

- x = 0.23 x = 24.5 +

Answer no 22 BAC May 94 Q8 (c)

 = 10 years
 = 2 years
P(X < 6) = ?
z = (x - )/ = (6 - 10) /2 = -2
Area of z (from z = 0 to z = -2) = 0.47725
p (X < 6) = p(Z < -2) = 0.52.47725 = 0.2275

Answer no 23 BAC Nov 94 Q6 (c)

x
Z

x  16
2. 4 
3
2.4  3  X  16
7.2  16  X
X  23.2
23.2 - -2 0 -

Answer no 24 BAC Nov 94 Q7

a) Classical approach of probability:-

If a random experiment can produce ‘n’ distinct, mutually exclusive, equally likely and
exhaustive out comes and if m of these results in event A, then the probability of event A is P(A)
= m/n

Relative frequency approach of probability:-

If a random experiment is repeated sufficiently large ‘n’ times under similar conditions and if an
event A occurs m times then the probability of event A is P(A) = m/n

A classical probability can be determined in advance without experimentation and relative

frequency probability is determined after the fact from observation and experimentation.

In classical definition we assume that outcomes are equally likely and it fails when number of
outcomes is infinite where relative frequency definition implies an infinite repetition of
experiment which is not possible.

b)

p = 0.06
q = 0.94
n=5

P (X  1) = 1 – P (X = 0)

x n x
P( X  x)  c x
n
pq
P( X  0)  0.94  0.73390
5

P( X  1)  1  0.73390  0.26610

c)
 = 45
 = 10
P (X > 60)
Z = x - / = 60 – 45 /10 = 1.5
Area at Z (from 0 to 1.5 = 0.4332)
P (X > 60) = P(Z > 1.5)= 0.5 – 0.4332 = 0.0668

- 0 15 

Answer no 25 BAC Apr 95 Q9 (b)

Total no. of flights = 600

No of flights arrived on time = 528
No of flights not arrived on time = 72
P (A flight will not arrive on time) = 72/600 = 0.12

Answer no 26 BAC Apr 95 Q10

Favoured Opposed Total

White collar 125 150
Blue collar
Total 375 125 500

Probability that an employee is in favor = 375/500 = 0.75

Answer no 27 BAC Nov 95 Q9

a)

S = (1,2,3,4,5,6….,80)
n (S) = 80
A = perfect square
A = 1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,
n(A) = 8
P(A) = n(A)/N(S) = 8/80 = 1/10 = 0.1

P = 0.06
q = 0.94
n=4

b)
x n x
P( X  x)  ncx pq
P( X  2)  4c 2(0.06)2(0.94)2
P( X  2)6  0.0036 0.8836
P( X  2)  0.01909

c)

 = 72
=9
The minimum marks in order to receive grade A – P90
P90 = the value of x that contains 90% area below it
Or area from aeæ to x = 0.90 -0.50 = 0.40
Value of Z corresponding to x = 1.28
Z = (x - )/
1.28 = x – 72/9
11.52 = x – 72
X = 83.52

0.5000 0.4000 0.3000

- 0 

Answer no 28 Nov 96 Q9 (a, c)

a)

Graduate Not Graduate Total

Male 145 32 177
Female 35 60 95
Total 180 92 272

No of employees who are male and not graduate = 32

Probability of a male and not graduate = 32/272 = 0.1176

b)

P = 0.5
q = 0.5
n=5
x=3
x x n
P( X  x)  cc
n
pq
3 2
P( X  3)  c (0.5) (0.5)  10(0.125)(0.25)
5
3

P( X  3)  0.3125

Answer no 29 Nov 96 Q8 (b, c)

a) Sample space of two dice

1,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 5,1 6,1

1,2 2,2 3,2 4,2 5,2 6,2
1,3 2,3 3,3 4,3 5,3 6,3
1,4 2,4 3,4 4,4 5,4 6,4
1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5
1,6 2,6 3,6 4,6 5,6 6,6

n(S) = 36
Let
A = sum of dots is a multiple of 5 means either sum is 5 or 10
A = (1,4), (2,3), (3,2), (4,1), (4,6), (5,5), (6,4)
n(A) = 7
P(A) = 7/36

b)

p = 0.10
q = 0.90
n = 400
 = np = 400 x 0.10 = 40
  npq  400  0.10  0.90  36  6
Z  (29.5  40) / 6  1.75
P( Z  1.75)  1  P( z  1.75)
 1  0.0401
P( Z  1.75)  0.9599

Answer no 30 FDN Nov 96 Q10 (b)

i)
Probability of a king = 4/52 = 1/13
p = 1/13
q = 1 – 1/13 = 12/13
n=6
x=3
x 6 x
x
P( X  x)  c p q  6 (
n xn 1 12
xc )( )cx
13 13
3 3
P( X  3)  C (1 / 13) (12 / 13)
6
3

 20(1 / 2197)(1728 / 2197)

 34560 / 4826809

ii)
Total no of cards = 52
Kings = 4
Other cards = 48
No of cards to be drawn = 6
Total no of outcomes of drawing 6 cards
Out of 52 cards = 52C6 = 30537780
Let A = 3 kings and 3 other cards
Favorable outcomes of A = 4C3 x 48C3 = 4 x 17296 = 69184
P(A) = 69184/30537780
P(A) = 0.0023

Answer no 31 Apr 97 Q9 (a, b, c)

a) Classical approach of Probability:-

 If a random experiment can produce ‘n’ distinct mutually exclusive, equally likely and
exhaustive out comes and if m of these outcomes result in event A, then classical probability
of event A is P(A) = m/n

Assumptions:
i) The outcomes are equally likely.
ii) The number of possible outcomes are finite.
b)

Age in years Sex

20 Female
30 Male
32 Male
40 Male
45 Female
A = Female
P (A) = 2/5
P (A  B) = 1/5,

B = age over 31 years.

P (B) = 3/5
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
P (A  B)= 2/5 + 3/5 – 1/5 = 4/5 = 0.8

c)

i) = 10 minutes
 = 3 minutes
x   7  10
Z   1
 3

P (X > 7) = P(Z > 1)

P(X >7) = 0.5 + 0.3413 = 0.8413
Proportion of employees completing task in more than
7 minutes = 0.8413 x 100 = 84.13%

- 7 10 +
 ii) x1 = 7
x2 = 13
7  10
Z 1  3  1
13  10
Z2  3 1
Area of Z1 (from Z = 0 to Z1 = -1) = 0.3413
Area of Z2 (from Z = 0 to Z2 = 1) = 0.3413
P(7  X  13) = P(-1  Z  1) = 0.3413 + 0.3413 =0.6826
Proportion of employees completing task between 7 and 13 minutes
0.6826 x 100= 68.26%

- 7 10 13 +

Answer no 32 Oct 97 Q3 (c)

P = 20% = 0.2 = 1/5

q = 4/5
n=5
X=3

P(X = x ) = nCx px qn – x
P(X = 3) = 5C3 (1/5)3 (4/5)2
P(X = 3) = 10 x 1/125 x 16/25 = 160/3125 = 0.0512

Answer no 33 Oct 97 Q4 (b)

We know that:

i) P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)

P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B) = 0.25 + 0.33 – 0.43 =0.15
ii)
P( A  B) 0.15
P( B / A)    0.6
P( A) 0.25

Answer no 34 Mar 98

i) Mean = np =  = 3.5
Variance = npq = 2 = 1.05
np = 3.5
npq = 1.05
3.5q = 1.05
q = 1.05/3.50 = 0.3
p = 1 – q = 1 – 0.3
q = 0.3
P = 0.7
 3.5
n  5
p 0.7
n = 5

ii) n = P = 0.7
q = 0.3
x n x
p ( X  x)  c x
n
pq
p( X  2)  10(0.49)(0.27)  0.1323
 P( X  2)  0.1323

Answer no 35 FDN Oct 97 Q4 (a)

A set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called sample space. The sample space of two
die=ce is:

1,1, 2,1 3,1 4,1 5,1 6,1 

 
1,2 2,2 3,2 4,2 5,2 6,2
1,3 2,3 3,3 4,3 5,3 6,3
1,4 2,4 3,4 4,4 5,4 6,4
 
1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5 
 
1,6 2,6 3,6 4,6 5,6 6,6 
Answer no 36 FDN Mar 98 Q4 (c)

  4.17
  0.08
x  4.2  0.05  4.15
1

x  4.2  0.05  4.25

2

4.15  4.17
Z 1

0.08
4.12  4.17
Z 2  0.08
Z 1  0.05
Z 2
 1.00

Area of Z1 = (from Z = - to Z1 = -0.25) = 0.4013

Area of Z1 = (from Z = - to Z2 = 1.00) = 0.8413
P(4.15  X  4.25) = P(-0.25  Z  1.00) = 0.4400
Proportion of rods according to specification = 0.4400 x 100
Proportion of rods according to specification = 44%

Answer no 37 FDN Sep 98 Q 4 (b)

 4
P( X  30)  0.0606
Corresponding value of Z = 1.55
x
Z

30  
1.55 
4
  30  6.20  23.80

0.5000 0.4394 0.0606

- 0 1.55 
Answer no 38 Sep 98

a) P (doctor correctly diagnosis) = 0.07

P (doctor incorrectly diagnosis) = 1 – 0.07 = 0.93
P (Law suit/incorrect diagnosis) = 0.09
Let A = Patients enter the suit
B = incorrect diagnosis
P( A  B)
P( A / B) 
P( B)
P( A  B)
0.09 
0.93
P( A  B)  0.0837
b)
i) P(drawing a King) = 4/52 = 1/13
2 12
P (drawing other card) = 1  
13 13
1
p
13
2
q
3
n6
x3
3 3
 1  2 
P( X  3)  C   
6

   13 
3
13
 20  0.000456  0.7863  0.00717
ii)
Kings Other cards Total
4 48 52

Total no of outcomes of selecting 6 cards out of:

52 cards = 52C6 = 20358520
No of favourable outcomes of selecting 3 kings and
3 other cards = 4C3x 45C3 = 69184
P (3 Kings and 3 other cards) =69184/20358520 = 0.0034

Answer no 39 Spring 99 Q5 (b, c)

a) In case of single die
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
No of total outcomes of the experiment = 6
Let A = three or four
No of favorable outcomes of A = 2
No of favorable outcomes of A 2 1
P(A)= = = = 0.33
No of total outcomes of the experiment 6 3
b)
Women Men Total
10 8 18

No or ways of (3 women and 2 men)

10c3 x 8c2 = 120 x 28 = 3360

Answer no 40 Spring 99 Q5 (e)

P = 0.2
n = 10
mean = np = 10 x 0.2 = 2

Answer no 41 Spring 99 Q8 (a, b)

a) Events A and B are independent with P(B) = 0.5 and P(A/B) = 0.2

i) Since events are independent:

P(A) = P(A/B) = 0.2

ii) P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)

= P(A) + P(B) – P(A) . P(B)
= 0.2 + 0.5 – 0.10 = 0.60
P(A  B) = 0.7 – 0.10 = 0.60

iii) P (A  B) = P(A) . P(B)

P (A  B) = 0.2 x 0.5 = 0.10

iv) P(A/B) = P(B) = 0.5

b) P(acceptable) = 0.9
P(defective) = 0.1
n=8
 x n x x n x
P( X  x)  c x  8 (0.9)
n
pq cx (0.1)

i)
8 88
P( X  8acceptable )  c8 (0.9)  0.43046  0.4305
8
(0.1)
ii) P(X = 2 or less defective) = P(X = 2 defective) + P(X = 1 defective) + P(X = no
defective)
2 6 7 8
 c2 (0.1) (0.9)  c (0.1) (0.9)  c (0.9)
8 8 8
1 0

 28(0.01(0.5314  8(0.1(0.4783)  1(0.43046)

 0.148792  0.38264  0.43046
P( X  2)  0.961892

Answer no 42 Autumn 99 Q5 (a, d)

a) All possible outcomes in case of two dice:

1,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 5,1 6,1

1,2 2,2 3,2 4,2 5,2 6,2
1,3 2,3 3,3 4,3 5,3 6,3
1,4 2,4 3,4 4,4 5,4 6,4
1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5
1,6 2,6 3,6 4,6 5,6 6,6

No of all possible outcomes = 36

Favorable outcomes for sum ‘8’
(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), (6,2),
No of favorable outcomes for sum ‘8’ = 5
P (Total of 8) = 5/36

b)

Men Women
7 4

No of ways at least 3 women are chosen.

m = (7C3 x 4C3) + (7C2 x 4C4)
m = (35 x 4) + (21 x 1)
m = 140 + 21
m = 161
Answer no 43 Autumn 99 Q6 (c)

 = 66
=5
x
z

64  66
z
5
z  0.4
Area of z (from z = 0 to z = -0.4) = 0.1554
P(x < 64) = 0.5 – 0.1554 = 0.3446

 0.4- 

Answer no 44 Autumn 99 Q7 (c)

Girls = 5
Boy = 6
Total = 11

No of person to be chosen = 4
No of ways for the selection of a team without any restriction
m 11C4 = 330. There 330 ways for the selection of a team consisting of four persons.
No of ways team contain one boy and 3 girls
m = 5C3 x 6C1 = 10 x 6 = 60. There are 60 ways for the selection of one boy and consequently 3
girls.

Answer no 45 Spring 2000 Q 7 (a, b, d)

a)
White Black Total
5 5 10
 No of balls selected = 3

i) A = 3 balls of same colour

A = 3 balls of white OR 3 balls of balck colour
 c3 10  10 20
5 5

P( A)  c 3
 
10
c 120 120
3

ii) P(1st 2 balls of same colour and 3rd of different colour)

= P(W1) . P(W2/W1) . P(B3/W1W2) OR P(B1) . P(B2)/B1 P(W3/B1B2)

 5 4 5   5 4 5  220 5
 x x  x x    0.28
10 9 8  10 9 8  720 18

b)
Good Defective Total
8 2 10
Let A = 1st item is good
B = 2nd item is defective
P(A) = 8/10
The probability of 2nd defective item given that 1st is good i.e. P(B/A) = 2/9
P (1st good and 2nd defective) = P(A) . P(B/A)
8 2 8
P( A  B)  . 
10 9 45

c) P(Female alive = 8/10)

P(Female death) = 2/10
Let Female alive = A
Female death = A
P(A) = 8/10
P( A ) = 2/10

P(Male alive) = 2/3

P(Male death) = 1/3
Male alive = B
Male death = B
P(B) = 2/3
P( B ) = 1/3

i) P (Both will alive) = P(A) . P(B) = 8/10 x 2/3 = 8/15

ii) P (Only Female alive) = P(A) . P( B ) = 8/10 x 1/3 = 4/15
iii) P (At least one alive) = P(A  B)
 Since event A and B are not mutually exclusive
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
= 8/10 + 2/3 – 8/15 = 28/30
P (neither will be alive) = P( A ) . P( B )
=2/10 x 1/3 = 2/30

Answer no 46 Spring 2000 Q8 (a)

P (Defective) = 0.10 P (not defective)

p = 0.10
q = 0.90
n=5
P (X = x) = ncx px qn – x

i) P (X = 1) = 5c1 (0.10) (0.90)4 = 0.32805

ii) P(X = 2) = P(X = 3) +P(X = 4) +P(X = 5)
= 5c3 (0.1)3 (0.9)2 + 5c4(0.1)4 (0.9) + 5c3(0.1)5
P(X > 2) = 0.0081 + 0.00045 + 0.00001 = 0.00856

Answer no 47 Autumn 2000 Q6 (a, b)

a)
i) One since the probability of a sure event is always equal to one
ii) Zero, since the probability of an impossible event is always equal to zero.
b)

P(Suffering) = 10% = 0.10

p = 0.10
P(Not suffering) = 90% = 0.90
q = 0.90
n = 10
x=2
P (X = x) = nCx px qn – x
P(X = 2) = 10C2 (0.1)2 (0.9)8 = 0.1937

Answer no 48 Autumn 2000 Q7 (b)

Let D1 = defective at point I

D2 = defective at point II
P(D1) = 0.2
P(D2) = 0.1

i) P(Defective at both points) = P(D1) . P(D2) = 0.2 x 0.1 = 0.02

ii)

P( D2  D1 )
P( D2 / D1) 
P( D1 )
OR
Since Events D1 and D2 are independent therefore:
P (D2/D1) = P(D2) = 0.10

Answer no 49 Autumn 2000 Q8 (b)

e  x
P( X  x) 
x!
 1
P (X  3) = 1 – P(x <3) = [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)]
= 1 – [e– 1 + e– 1 .(1) + e– 1(1)2 ]
= 1 – e– 1 (1 + 1 + 0.5)
= 1 – (0.3679) (2.5)
P (X  3) = 1 – 0.9198 = 0.0802

Answer no 50 Spring 2001 Q7

a)

Boys Girls Total

Brown eyes 5 10 15
Not Brown eyes 5 10 15
Total 10 20 30

P(Boy or brown wyes) = P (Boy) + P(Brown eyes) – P(Boy and brown eyes)
= 10/30 + 15/30 – 5/30 = 20/30 = 2/3 = 0.01

b) p = 0.02

n = 3600
q = 0.98
mean = 3600 x 0.02 = 72
 S.D  npq  72 x0.98  8.4

- 820 1000 
c)  = 820

 = 90
x
Z

1000  820
Z 2
90
x = 820
Z=0
X = 1000
Z=2
Area of Z = 2 (from Z = 0 to Z = 2) = 0.9772
P(X  1000) = 0.5 + 0.4772 = 0.9772
No of Bulbles expected to fail before 1000 hours = 2000 x 0.9772 = 1954

d)

5
p
16
11
q
16
n8
11 5
P( X  x)  c xn p x q n x  (80 )( ) 8 x ( ) x
16 16
P( X  4)  1  P( X  0)  P( X  1)  P( X  2)  P( X  3)
 8  11  8  5  0  8  11  7  5 1  8  11  6  5  2  8  11  5  5  3 
 1                         
 0  16   16   1  16   16   2  16   16   3  16   16  
 1  [0.0499  0.1819  0.2887  0.2625]  1  [0.7830]  0.2170
P( X  4)  0.2170
Answer no 51 Spring 2001 Q8 (c)

 = 1.14
 = 0.25
n = 100
x   (x   / x n ) 
Z  
   
n
1.16  1.14
Z  0.8
0.25 / 100

Z=0
Z=8
Area of Z = 0.8 (from Z = 0 to Z = 0.8) = 0.2881
P(X > 1.16) = 0.5 – 0.2881 = 0.2119

- 0 0.8 

Answer no 52 Autumn 2001 Q7

a)
i)

7!
P37   210
4!

ii)

C37  35

b)

1,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 5,1 6,1 7,1 8,1 9,1 10,1
1,2 2,2 3,2 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,2 8,2 9,2 10,2
1,3 2,3 3,3 4,3 5,3 6,3 7,3 8,3 9,3 10,3
1,4 2,4 3,4 4,4 5,4 6,4 7,4 8,4 9,4 10,4
 1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5 7,5 8,5 9,5 10,5
1,6 2,6 3,6 4,6 5,6 6,6 7,6 8,6 9,6 10,6
1,7 2,7 3,7 4,7 5,7 6,7 7,7 8,7 9,7 10,7
1,8 2,8 3,8 4,8 5,8 6,8 7,8 8,8 9,8 10,8
1,9 2,9 3,9 4,9 5,9 6,9 7,9 8,9 9,9 10,9
1,10 2,10 3,10 4,10 5,10 6,10 7,10 8,10 9,10 10,10
A= number selected in second attempt is greater than number selected previously.

A = (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (1,7), (1,8), (1,9), (1,10)

(2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (2,7), (2,8), (2,9), (2,10)
(3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (3,7), (3,8), (3,9), (3,10)
(4,5), (4,6), (4,7), (4,8), (4,9), (4,10)
(5,6), (5,7), (5,8), (5,9), (5,10)
(6,7), (6,8), (6,9), (6,10)
(7,8), (7,9), (7,10)
(8,9), (8,10)
(9,10)

n(A) = 45
P(A) = 45/100
P(A) = 9/20 = 0.45

c) n = 14

p = 20% = 0.20
q = 0.80
P( X  x)  C xn p x q n x

i) P(X = at most 2) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)

 C014 (0.2) 0 (0.8)14  C114 (0.2) (0.8)13  C214 (0.2) 2 (0.8)12

 0.0440  0.1539  0.2501
 0.4480

ii) P(X = at least 5) = 1 – P(X = 0) – P(X = 1) – P(X = 2) – P(X = 3) – P(X = 4)

 1  0.4480  C314 (0.2) 3 (0.8)11  C414 (0.2) 4 (0.8)10

 1  0.2501  0.2501  0.1720
 0.6722

iii) P(X = 2, 3 or 4) = P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4)

 0.2501  0.2501  0.1720

P( X  x  4)  0.6722
Answer no 53 Spring 2002 Q7

a)

n = 10
p = 0.3
q = 0.7
P( X  x)  C xn p x q n x

P( X  5)  C510 (0.3) 5 (0.7) 5  252(0.00243)(0.16807)

P( X  5)  0.1029

b)

p = 0.0006
n = 10,000
 = np = 10,000 x 0.0006 = 6
e u x
p( X  x) 
x!
p( X  2)  1  P( X  0)  P( X  1)
p( X  2)  1  e 6  e 6 .6
p( X  2)  1  0.00248  0.01488
p( X  2)  0.98264

c)

Men Women Total

4 6 10
No of names t be drawn = 4
p (2 men and 2 women) =
C 4 .C 6
 2 10 2
C4
6 x15 90 9 3
     0.43
210 210 21 7

Answer no 54 Spring 2002 Q8 (a)

 = 60
 = 14
n = 15
58  60
Z x n   1.94
4 / 15
P( x  58)  P( Z  1.94)  0.5  0.4738  0.0262

- -1.94 0 

Answer no 55 Autumn 2002 Q8

a)

1,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 5,1 6,1

1,2 2,2 3,2 4,2 5,2 6,2
1,3 2,3 3,3 4,3 5,3 6,3
S= 1,4 2,4 3,4 4,4 5,4 6,4
1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5
1,6 2,6 3,6 4,6 5,6 6,6
n(S) = 36

Let A = Sum ‘7’ and both dice show number less than 4 = impossible event
n(A) = 0
p(A) = 0

b) P(not joining) = 0.4

q =0.4
n=2
P(Joining) = 0.6
p = 0.6
P(X = at least one join) = P (X = 1) + P(X = 2)
P( X  x)  C xn p x q n x
P(X = at least one join) = C12 (0.6)(0.4) 2 2  C (0.6) 2
P(x  1) = 0.48 + 0.36 = 0.84
Answer no 56 Autumn 2002 Q9 (a)

 = 250
 = 25
x   230  250
Z1  1   0.8
 25
Area of Z1 = (from Z1 to Z = 0) = 0.2881
256  250
Z2   0.24
25
P(from X1 = 230 to X2 = 256)
= P (from Z1 to Z = 0) + P(Z = 0 to Z2)
= 0.2881 + 0.0948
= 0.3829

- 0.8 0 0.24 -
x1 = 230 x = 250 X2 = 256

Z1 = -0.8 Z=0 Z2 = 0.24

Answer no 57 Spring 2003 Q7 (a, b, c)

a) Let
A = color T.V
B = Black and White T.V
P(A) = 0.87
P(B) = 0.63
P(A and B ) = 0.29
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A  B)
P(A  B) = 0.87 + 0.36 – 0.29 = 0.94

b) p = 0.3
q = 0.7
n = 10
P( X  x)  C xn p x q n x
 i) p(X > 8) = p(X = 9) + p(X = 10)
 C910 (0.3) 9 (0.7)  C10
10
(0.3)10
p( X  8)  0.000138  0.0000059  0.0001439

ii) p(X < 8) = 1 – p(X  8) = 1 – p(X = 8) – p(X = 9) – p(X = 8)

 1  C810 (0.3) 8 (0.70) 2  0.0004139
p( X  8)  0.9984094

iii) p(X = 5 to 8) = p(X = 5) = + p(X = 6) + p(X = 7) + p(X = 8)

 C510 (0.3) 5 (0.7) 5  C610 (0.3) 6 (0.5) 4  C710 (0.3) 7 (0.7) 3  C810 (0.3) 8 (0.7) 2
 0.1029  0.0368  0.0090  0.0014
p(5  X  8)  0.1501

c) Let
 = 75
=8
Let X be the required point having 10% area above it, the area from  to X = 0.40 i.e from Z
= 0 to Z is 0.40, the value of Z = 1.28
x
Z

x  75
1.28 
8
10.24  X  75
X  85.24

0.5000 0.4000 0.1000

-
z =0 x 

Answer no 58 Spring 2003

 = 100
 = 20
n = 30
 X 
Z
/ n
110  100
Z  2.74
20
30
p ( X  110)  P( Z  2.74)
= 0.50 – Area of Z = 0 to Z = 2.74
p( X  110)  0.50  0.49693  0.00307

-  = 75 z = 110 +

z=0 z = 2.74
Answer no 59 Autumn Q8 (a)

W M Total
3 9 12
No of members selected = 3

9 c3 x3c0 84
i) P(3 Men)  
12 c3 220
ii) P(at least one women) = P(one woman and 2 Men) + P(tow women and one man) + P(3
Women)

3c1 x9 c 2 3c 2 x9 c1 3c 3 x9 c 0
  
12 c 3 12 c 3 12 c 3
108 27 1 136
   
220 220 220 220

Answer no 60 Autumn 2003 Q9

a) P(Recovery) = 0.40
P(Not recovery) = 0.6
 p = 0.4
q = 0.6
n = 15

i) P( X  x)  C xn p x q n x
P(at least 12 survive) = P(X = 12) +P(X = 13) + P(X = 14) + P(X = 15)
 C12
15
(0.4)12 (0.6) 3  C13
15
(0.4)13 (0.6) 2  C14
15
(0.4)14 (0.6)  C15
15
(0.4)15
 0.0016  0.0003  0.00002  0.000001
 0.001921

ii) P(x = 3 to recover) = P(X = 3) +P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) + P(X = 6) + P(X = 6) + P(X = 7) +

P(X = 8)
 C315 (0.4) 3 (0.6)12  C415 (0.4) 4 (0.6)11  C515 (0.4) 5 (0.6)10  C615 (0.4) 6 (0.6) 9
 C715 (0.4) 7 (0.6) 8  C815 (0.4) 8 (0.6) 7
 0.06338  0.12678  0.12594  0.20659  0.17708  0.11805
P( x  3to8)  0.81782

b)  = 74.18
 = 10.8
x   78  74.18
Z   1.16
 3.286

Area at Z (from Z = 0 to Z = 1.16) = 0.3770

P(x > 78) = 0.5 – 0.3770 = 0.1230

No of players of height more than 78” = 0.20 x 0.1230 = 2 app.

 = 74.18 x = 78

z=0 z = 1.16

Answer no 61 Spring 2004 Q7

a)
 Size (acres) Relative Frequency
Under 10 0.087
10-49 0.192
50-99 0.156
100-179 0.173
180-259 0.098
260-499 0.143
500-999 0.085
1000-1999 0.040
2000 & over 0.026
p(less than 2000 acres) = 1 – 0.026 = 0.974

p(at least 50 acres) = 1 – 0.087 – 0.192 = 0.721

b)

Sex Frequency
Male 17
Female 23
Total 40
23 17 391
p(1st female and second male) =    0.25
40 39 1560

c)

P( X  x)  C xn p x q n x
p(suffering) = 0.30 = p
p(not suffering) = 0.70 = q
n = 12

i) X = 5 Sufferomg
p( X  5)  C215 (0.30) 5 (0.70) 7  0.1585

ii) P(X  5) = 1 – P(x <5)

= 1 – P(X = 5) – P(X = 4) – P(X = 3) – P(X = 2) – P(X = 1) – P(X = 0)
 1  C512 (0.3) 5 (0.7) 7  C412 (0.3) 4 (0.7) 8  C312 (0.3) 3 (0.7)10  C212 (0.3) 2 (0.7)10
 C112 (0.3) (0.7)11  C012 (0.7)12
 1  0.1585  0.2311  0.2397  0.1678  0.0712  0.0138  1179

iii) Mean = np = 23 x 0.3 = 3.6

Variance = npq = 12 x 0.3 x 0.7 = 2.52
Answer no 62 Autumn 2004 Q7 (b)

Given
 = 15 kg
S.D =  = 1.75 kg

i) P(13 > x > 16) = ?

x
Z

13  15
Z1   1.14
1.75
Area = 0.3792
16  15
Z2   0.57
1.75
Area = 0.2157
Required area
(Area between Z = -1.14 and Z = 0) + (Area between Z = 0 and Z = 0.57)
= 0.3792 + 0.2157 = 0.5946

-1.14 0 5.7

ii) P(X  13) = ?

13  15
Z
1.75
Z = -1.14
Area = 0.3792
Required area
(Area between Z = -1.14 and Z = 0) + (Area right of Z = 0)
= 0.3792 + 0.5 =
P(X  13) = 0.8792
 -1.14 Z0

iii) Let ‘X’ be the cutoff point

Area between  and x = 0.5 – 0.05 = 0.45
From area table
Z = 1.64
For area = 0.45
As
X 
Z

X  15
1.64 
1.75
X  (1.64)(1.75)  15
X  17.87
Hence cutoff point is 17.87 kg

0.05

 X

Answer no 63 Autumn 2004 Q8

a)

Men Women Total

8 4 12
n(s) = 12c4 = 495

i) A = all four member will be men:

n(A) = 8c4 . 4c0 = 70
 n( A) 70
P( A)    0.1414 Ans
n( S ) 495

ii) B = all four member will be women:

n(B) = 4c4 . 8c0 = 1
n( B ) 1
P( B)    0.002 Ans
n( S ) 495

iii) Because they are not mutually exclusive and completely exhaustive

b) P(Callers receive busy signal) = 0.5%

0.5
P  0.005
100
n = 1200
  = np = 1200 (0.005) = 6
Let ‘x’ denotes no of callers receive busy signal
e u . x
P( X  x) 
x!
6
e .(6) x
P( X  x) 
x!
P(at least 5 callers receive busy signal) = ?
i.e. P (X  5) = 1 – P(x < 5)
= 1 – P(x = 4) – P(x = 3) – P(x = 2) – P(x = 1) – P(x = 0)
e 6 .(6) 4 e 6 .(6) 3 e 6 .(6) 2 e 6 .(6)1 e 6 .(6) 0
 1    
4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
 (6) 4
(6) 3
(6) 2
(6) (6) 
1 0
 1  e 6      
 4! 3! 2! 1! 0 
 1  0.0025[54  36  18  6  1]  1  0.0025[115]
P( x  5)  0.7125

Answer no 64 Spring 2005 Q8 (b)

A B C Total
8 6 10 24
Number of ways of choosing two players from each group =
8
C2 x 9C2 x 10C2 = 28 x 15 x 45 = 18,900

Answer no 65 Spring 2005 Q9

a)
 Good Rotton Total
10 2 12
Number of eggs chosen = 4
2
C1 10 C3 2 120 240
i) P(1 rotton and 3 good eggs) =  
C412 495 495
ii) P(at least one rotton) = P(1 rotton and 3 goods) + P(2 rotton and 2 good)

C1 10 C3 2 C2 10 C2 240 45 285

2
    
C412 C412 495 495 495

b)

n = 10
p = 0.40
q = 0.60

i) Mean = np = 10 x 0.40 = 4
S.D  npq  10  0.4  0.60  1.549

ii)
P( X  x)  C xn p x q n x
P( X  4)  C010 (0.4) 0 (0.6)10  C110 (0.4)1 (0.6) 9  C210 (0.4) 2 (0.6) 8  C310 (0.4) 2 (0.6) 7
P( X  4)  0.3823

iii)
P( X  6)  C710 (0.4) 7 (0.6) 3  C810 (0.4) 8 (0.6) 2  C910 (0.4) 9 (0.6)  C10
10
(0.4)10
P( X  6)  0.0548

c)

Acceptable Not Acceptable Total

10 5 15
Number of times selected = 4
10
C3 5 C1 120  5 600
P(3 acceptable and 1not acceptable) =  
C415 1365 1365

Answer no 66 Autumn 2005 Q7

a)

Maths (X) Economics (Y)

X = 79 Y = 92
 X = 76 Y = 91
Sx = 10 Sx = 5
Let the two variables X and Y are related
Y = ax + b
Y  aX  b
91 = a(76) + b
91 = 76 a + b
91 = 76(0.5) + b
b = 53
y = 0.5x + 53
sy = asx
5 = a(10)
A = 0.5
Scaled Marks for Maths
Y = 0.5(79) + 53 = 92.5
Scaled marks for Economics
Y = 0.5 (92) + 53 = 99
Her relative understanding is higher in Econimics

Alternative Solution

a)

Maths Economics
X = 79 Y = 92
X = 76 Y = 91
S = 10 S=5
We find Z – Score for each, which find a value that a value that is how many standard
deviation away form mean
X X
Z
S
79  76
Z
10
Z  0 .3
X X
Z
S
92  91
Z
5
Z  0 .2
As Z – Score in economics is less, so student has higher relative standing in economics
b) Joint and Marginal probabilities

Plant
 A B C Total
Before 0.30 x 0.05 = 0.15 0.45 x 0.03 = 0.135 0.25 x 0.07 = 0.175 325
Expiration

After 1
Total 0.30 0.45 0.25
P(Plant B / Before warranty) = 0.135/0.325 = 0.415
Or
Three diagram method
0.135
P(Plant B/ Before warranty) =  0.145
0.015  0.135  0.175

Answer no 67 Autumn 2005 Q11

a) -Z = -2.17

Z = 2.17

0.4850 0.4850

- z = -2.17 Z=0 z = 2.17 -

b)  = 61.6

x = 70
Area from  = to x = 0.5 – 0.2 = 0.3
Corresponding value of Z = 0.84
x
Z

70  61.6
Z  10
0.84
 0.30 0.20
- +
 = 61.6 X = 70

c)  = 27.8

=4
x = 25
P(X < 25) = ?
x
Z

25  27.8
Z
4
 2.8
Z  0.7
4
Area of Z (from Z = 0 to Z = -0.7) = 0.2580
P(X < 25) = 0.5 – 0.2580 = 0.2420

0.2580

- X = 25  = 27.8 +

Answer no 68 Spring 2006 Q10

a)

Keepers Bowlers Others Total

2 5 11 18
No of ways one keeper and at least 3 bowlers:
= One keeper, 3 bowlers and 7 others + one keeper, 4 bowlers and 6 others + one keeper, 5
bowlers and 5 others
 C12 .C35 .C711  C12 .C45 .C611  C12 .C55 .C511
 2  10  330  2  5  462  2 1 462
 6600  4620  924  12144
b) P(Blood pressure less than 136) = 0.75 = q

P(Blood pressure greater than 136) = 0.25 = p

P( X  x)  C xn p x q n x
P( x  4)  1212
4 (0.25) (0.75)  495  0.0039  0.1001  0.19326
4 8

P( x  4)  1P( x  4)
 1  p( x  0)  p( x  1)  p( x  2)  p( x  3)
 1  C012 (0.25) 0 (0.75)12  C112 (0.25)(0.75)11  C 212 (0.25) 2 (0.75)10  C312 (0.25) 3 (0.75) 9
 1  0.0317  0.1267  0.2323  0.2581
 0.3512

c) p = 0.00006

n = 10,000
 = np = 10,000 x 0.00006 = 0.6
P(X  2) = 1 – p(x = 0) – p(x = 1)
e   . x
P( x  x) 
x!
P( x  2)  1  e 0.6 .e 0.6( 0.6)
 1  0.5488  0.3293
 0.1219

Answer no 69 Autumn 2006 Q11

a)

Let
A = Winning the directorship of Company A
B = Winning the directorship of Company B

i) P(Winning the directorship of both companies) = p(A) p(B) = 0.7 x 0.5 = 0.35
ii) p(Winning at least one company) = p(A) – p(B)

p(A  B) = 0.7 + 0.5 – 0.35 = 0.85

b)

Blue ink pens Red ink pens Total

6 4 10
No of pens drawn = 3
No of ways at least one blue ink pen can be obtained
  C16  C24  C26  C14  C36  C04
 6  6  15  4  20  1
 116

Answer no 70 Autumn 2006 Q12

a) = 35

=8
x   30  35
z   0.625
 8
p(x  30) = p(z  - 0.625)
Area of z (from z = 0 to z = -0.625) = 0.2340
p(x  30) = 0.5 -0.2340 = 0.2660

x = 30 x = 35

z = -0.625 z=0
b)

40  35
z  0.625
8
p(x  40) = p(z  0.625)
Area of z (from z = 0 to z = 0.625) = 0.2340
P(x  40) = 0.5 – 0.2340 = 0.2660

x = 35 x = 40

z=0 z = 0.625
Answer no 71 Autumn 2006 Q13 (a)

p(Defective) = 200/1000 = 0.2 = q

p(Not Defective) = 0.8 = p
n = 12
P( X  x)  C xn p x q n x
P( X  10)  C10
12
(0.8)10 (0.2) 2
P( X  10)  66  0.1074  0.04
P( X  10)  0.2836