Baliyans Test 6 Explanations Indian PDF

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INDIAN GEPGRAPHY - II
(FUNDAMENTAL LEVEL TEST)
1. C
Statement 1 is correct: The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the
atmosphere. Its average height is 13 km and extends roughly to a
height of 8 km near the poles and about 18 km at the equator.
Thickness of the troposphere is greatest at the equator because heat
is transported to great heights by strong convectional currents. This
layer contains dust particles and water vapour. All changes in climate
and weather take place in this layer.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The temperature decreases only in certain
layers of the atmosphere such as in Troposphere, Mesosphere but in
certain layers such as Stratosphere, Thermosphere, etc it is increasing.
Statement 3 is correct: The stratosphere is found above the
tropopause and extends up to a height of 50 km. One important
feature of the stratosphere is that it contains the ozone layer. This
layer absorbs ultra-violet radiation and shields life on the earth from
intense, harmful form of energy.
Thus, Option C is correct.
2. B
Indian drainage system may be divided on various bases. On the basis of discharge of water (orientations to the sea),
it may be grouped into: (i) the Arabian Sea drainage; and (ii) the Bay of Bengal drainage. They are separated from each
other through the Delhi ridge, the Aravalis and the Sahyadris.
Nearly 77% of the drainage area consisting of the Ganga, the Brahmaputra, the Mahanadi, the Krishna, etc. is
oriented towards the Bay of Bengal while 23 per cent comprising the Indus, the Narmada, the Tapi, the Mahi and
the Periyar systems discharge their waters in the Arabian Sea.
Thus, Option B is correct.
3. B
Amw - Monsoon with short dry season: West coast of India south of Goa
As – Monsoon with dry summer: Coromandel coast of Tamil Nadu
Aw – Tropical savannah: Most of the peninsular plateaus, south of the Tropic of Cancer.
Bwhw – Semi-arid steppe climate: North-western Gujarat, some parts of western Rajasthan and Punjab
Bwhw – Hot desert: Extreme western Rajasthan
Cwg – Monsoon with dry winter: Ganga plain, eastern Rajasthan, northern Madhya Pradesh, most of North-east India
Dfc – Cold humid winter with short summer: Arunachal Pradesh
E – Polar type: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
4. D
Statement 1 is correct: Crust is the outermost solid part of the earth. It is brittle in nature. The thickness of the crust
varies under the oceanic and continental areas. Oceanic crust is thinner as compared to the continental crust. The
mean thickness of oceanic crust is 5 km whereas that of the continental is around 30 km. The continental crust is
thicker in the areas of major mountain systems. It is as much as 70 km thick in the Himalayan region. It is made up of
heavier rocks having density of 3 g/cm3. This type of rock found in the oceanic crust is basalt. The mean density of
material in oceanic crust is 2.7 g/cm3.
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1.CHENNAI STUDENTS 2.BANGLORE STUDENTS 3. CURRENT AFFAIRS
CONTACT FOR ADVERTISEMENT IN ABOVE CHANNLES
ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
Statement 2 is correct: The portion of the interior beyond the crust is called the mantle. The mantle extends from
Moho’s discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km. The upper portion of the mantle is called asthenosphere. The word
astheno means weak. It is considered to be extending up-to 400 km. It is the main source of magma that finds its way
to the surface during volcanic eruptions. It has a density higher than the crust’s (3.4 g/cm3). The crust and the
uppermost part of the mantle are called lithosphere. Its thickness ranges from 10-200 km. The lower mantle extends
beyond the asthenosphere. It is in solid state.
Statement 3 is correct: The outer core is in liquid state while the inner core is in solid state. The density of material at
the mantle core boundary is around 5 g/cm3 and at the centre of the earth at 6,300 km, the density value is around
13g/cm3. The core is made up of very heavy material mostly constituted by nickel and iron. It is sometimes referred
to as the nife layer.
Thus, Option D is correct.
5. D

6. C
The rotation of the earth about its axis affects the direction of the wind. This force is called the Coriolis force after the
French physicist who described it in 1844.
Statement 1 is correct: The Coriolis force is directly proportional to the angle of latitude. It is maximum at the poles
and is absent at the equator. At the equator, the Coriolis force is zero and the wind blows perpendicular to the isobars.
The low pressure gets filled instead of getting intensified. That is the reason why tropical cyclones are not formed near
the equator.
Statement 2 is correct: It deflects the wind to the right direction in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the
southern hemisphere. The deflection is more when the wind velocity is high.
7. D
Agricultural Drought: It is also known as soil moisture drought, characterised by low soil moisture that is necessary to
support the crops, thereby resulting in crop failures. Moreover, if an area has more than 30 per cent of its gross
cropped area under irrigation, the area is excluded from the drought-prone category.
Hydrological Drought: It results when the availability of water in different storages and reservoirs like aquifers, lakes,
reservoirs, etc. falls below what the precipitation can replenish.
Ecological Drought: When the productivity of a natural ecosystem fails due to shortage of water and as a consequence
of ecological distress, damages are induced in the ecosystem.
Meteorological Drought: It is a situation when there is a prolonged period of inadequate rainfall marked with mal-
distribution of the same over time and space.
8. D
The country’s wetlands have been grouped into eight categories, viz.
 The reservoirs of the Deccan Plateau in the south together with the lagoons and other wetlands of the
southern west coast

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 The vast saline expanses of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the Gulf of Kachchh
 Freshwater lakes and reservoirs from Gujarat eastwards through Rajasthan (Keoladeo National Park) and
Madhya Pradesh
 The delta wetlands and lagoons of India’s east coast (Chilika Lake)
 The freshwater marshes of the Gangetic Plain
 The floodplains of the Brahmaputra; the marshes and swamps in the hills of northeast India and the Himalayan
foothills
 The lakes and rivers of the montane region of Kashmir and Ladakh
 The mangrove forest and other wetlands of the island arcs of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
9. A
Government of India has launched “LaQshya” (Labour room Quality improvement Initiative) to improve quality of care
in labour room and maternity operation theatres in public health facilities. It’s a multipronged approach focused at
Intrapartum and immediate postpartum period.
Aim: To reduce preventable maternal and newborn mortality, morbidity and stillbirths associated with the care around
delivery in Labour room and Maternity Operation Theatre and ensure respectful maternity care.
Following types of health-care facilities have been identified for implementation of LaQshya program
 Government medical college hospitals.
 District Hospitals & equivalent health facilities.
 Designated FRUs and high case load CHCs with over 100 deliveries/month ( 60 in hills and desert areas)
Till date 2427 Public health facilities across country have been identified for implementation of LaQshya Program.
Thus, Option A is correct.
10. B
The earth’s surface receives most of its energy in short wavelengths. The energy received by the earth is known as
incoming solar radiation which in short is termed as insolation. As the earth is a geoid resembling a sphere, the sun’s
rays fall obliquely at the top of the atmosphere and the earth intercepts a very small portion of the sun’s energy. On
an average the earth receives 1.94 calories per sq. cm per minute at the top of its atmosphere.
 The solar output received at the top of the atmosphere varies slightly in a year due to the variations in the distance
between the earth and the sun.
 During its revolution around the sun, the earth is farthest from the sun (152 million km) on 4th July. This position
of the earth is called aphelion. On 3rd January, the earth is the nearest to the sun (147 million km). This position
is called perihelion.
The factors that cause these variations in insolation are:
 The rotation of earth on its axis
 The angle of inclination of the sun’s rays
 The length of the day
 The transparency of the atmosphere
 The configuration of land in terms of its aspect
The fact that the earth’s axis makes an angle of 66½ with the plane of its orbit round the sun has a greater influence
on the amount of insolation received at different latitudes. The second factor that determines the amount of insolation
received is the angle of inclination of the rays. This depends on the latitude of a place. The higher the latitude the less
is the angle they make with the surface of the earth resulting in slant sun rays.
11. A
Operation Milap:
 The operation Milap under which children are rescued was launched in December 2014.

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 Under this project, the Anti Human Trafficking Unit (AHTU) of the Delhi Police develops information, rescues
the trafficked or kidnapped person and arrests the kidnappers.
 The rescued children are counselled and also given requisite medical attention.
12. B
Albedo of the Earth: Reflected amount of radiation from the Earth. Consider that the insolation received at the top of
the atmosphere is 100 per cent. While passing through the atmosphere some amount of energy is reflected, scattered
and absorbed. Only the remaining part reaches the earth surface. Roughly 35 units are reflected back to space even
before reaching the earth’s surface. Of these, 27 units are reflected back from the top of the clouds and 2 units from
the snow and ice-covered areas of the earth. The reflected amount of radiation is called the albedo of the earth.
Lapse Rate: The temperature generally decreases with increasing height. The rate of decrease of temperature with
height is termed as the normal lapse rate. It is 6.5°C per 1,000 m.
Isotherm: The global distribution of temperature can well be understood by studying the temperature distribution in
January and July. The temperature distribution is generally shown on the map with the help of isotherms. The
Isotherms are lines joining places having equal temperature.
13. C
Statement 1 is correct: The process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during summers and again
from mountain pastures to plain areas during winters is known as transhumance.
Statement 2 is correct: In mountain regions, such as Himalayas, Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas migrate from
plains to the mountains in summers and to the plains from the high altitude pastures in winters. Similarly, in the tundra
regions, the nomadic herders move from south to north in summers and from north to south in winters.
Thus, Option C is correct
14. D
Human activities which generate income are known as economic activities. Economic activities are broadly grouped
into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities. Primary activities are directly dependent on environment
as these refer to utilisation of earth’s resources such as land, water, vegetation, building materials and minerals. It,
thus includes, hunting and gathering, pastoral activities, fishing, forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying.
Thus, Option D is correct
15. A
Meghalaya became 1st state in India to ensure conservation of water and have its own State Water Policy. This move
comes following a nod given by State Cabinet for the purpose.
16. D
The lava that is released during volcanic eruptions on cooling develops into igneous rocks. The cooling may take place
either on reaching the surface or also while the lava is still in the crustal portion. Depending on the location of the
cooling of the lava, igneous rocks are classified as volcanic rocks (cooling at the surface) and plutonic rocks (cooling in
the crust). The lava that cools within the crustal portions assumes different forms. These forms are called intrusive
forms. Some of the forms are Batholiths, Lacoliths, Lapolith, Phacolith and Sills.
17. A
Bardoli Chheerha is a local storm of hot whether season of Assam.
Nor Westers: These are dreaded evening thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam. Their notorious nature can be
understood from the local nomenclature of ‘Kalbaisakhi’, a calamity of the month of Baisakh. These showers are useful
for tea, jute and rice cultivation. In Assam, these storms are known as “Bardoli Chheerha”.

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18. C
Statement 1 is correct: The Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon.
Statement 2 is correct: It lies in the rain shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon.
19. C
Currents of Atlantic Ocean-
 North equatorial Current - Warm
 South Equatorial Current - Warm
 Canary current - Cold
 Labrador Current - Cold
 Brazil current - Warm
 Falkland Current - Cold
 South Atlantic Drift - Cold
 Benguela Current - Cold
 The Agulhas Current is the western boundary current of the southwest Indian Ocean. It flows down the east
coast of Africa from 27°S to 40°S. It is narrow, swift and strong.
20. D
Characteristics of Wave:
 Wave crest and trough: The highest and lowest points of a wave are called the crest and trough respectively.
 Wave height: It is the vertical distance from the bottom of a trough to the top of a crest of a wave.
 Wave amplitude: It is one-half of the wave height.
 Wave period: It is merely the time interval between two successive wave crests or troughs as they pass a fixed
point.
 Wavelength: It is the horizontal distance between two successive crests.
 Wave speed: It is the rate at which the wave moves through the water, and is measured in knots.
 Wave frequency: It is the number of waves passing a given point during a one second time interval.
21. C
 Lohit and Subansiri flows through Arunachal Pradesh and Barak is a 2,000 kilometres river flowing through the
states of Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Assam in India and into the Bay of Bengal via Bangladesh.
22. B
India was famous worldwide for the production of muslin, a very fine variety of cotton cloth, calicos, chintz and other
different varieties of fine cotton cloth.
Thus, Option B is correct
23. C
 Bauxite is the ore, which is used in manufacturing of aluminium.
 Bauxite is found mainly in tertiary deposits and is associated with laterite rocks occurring extensively either on the
plateau or hill ranges of peninsular India and also in the coastal tracts of the country.
 Odisha happens to be the largest producer of Bauxite. Kalahandi and Sambalpur are the leading producers. The
other two areas which have been increasing their production are Bolangir and Koraput. The patlands of Lohardaga
in Jharkhand have rich deposits. Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra are other major
producers. Bhavanagar, and Jamnagar in Gujarat have the major deposits.

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 Chhattisgarh has bauxite deposits in Amarkantak plateau while Katni- Jabalpur area and Balaghat in M.P. have
important deposits of bauxite. Kolaba, Thane, Ratnagiri, Satara, Pune and Kolhapur in Maharashtra are important
producers. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Goa are minor producers of bauxite.
Thus, Option C is correct
24. C
Tarkunde / J.P. Committee (1975):
Jayprakash Narayan on behalf of the Citizens for Democracy had appointed a committee to study and report on
scheme for electoral reforms in 1974. The members of the committee were V.M. Tarkunde, M.R. Masai, etc. and it is
known as J.P. Committee or Tarkunde committee. The recommendation are- The election commission should be 3
member body, the minimum age of voting should be 18 years, The TV and radio should be placed under the control of
autonomous statutory corporation and a voters council should be formed in as many constituencies as possible which
can help in free and fair election.
Goswami committee (1990):
In accordance with the Janata Dal’s election commitment, the national front govt. announced in the Lok Sabha on May
4, 1990.The recommendations are- Time limit for bye election, Increase in deposits from independents, a check on
advertisement on newspaper and strengthening of Election Commission, a series of legislative measures should be set
up to eradicate booth-capturing rigging and intimidating.
Indrajit Gupta committee on state funding of elections (1998):
Indrajit Gupta was the chairman of the all-party parliamentary committee on state funding of elections. The
recommendations are- State funding should be in kind and no financial support should be given to parties, complete
account of the election expenditure should be filled by the parties to the Election Commission, ban on donation on
government companies for political purpose will continue but other companies can donate or not will be determined
by the Parliament, only Election Commission recognized political party should be given State support in terms of
printing materials and facilities, electronic media, vehicles and fuels etc.
25. B
Shola forests are tropical Montane forests found in the valleys separated by rolling grasslands only in the higher
elevations. They are found only in South India in the Southern Western Ghats. The shola forests are patches of forests
that occur only in the valleys where there is least reach of the fog and mist. Other parts of the mountains are covered
in grasslands. The trees never grow on the mountain tops. This is such a unique landscape formation that is native only
to the southern Western Ghats.
The Shola forests are generally said to be found in altitudes above 2000 metres of sea-level. Although they are found
from altitudes higher than 1600 metres. They are found only in the high altitude mountains of the states Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Nowhere else in the world exist such a kind of forests.
26. B
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a low pressure zone as it is located at the
equator where there is high temperature.
Statement 2 is correct: In July, the ITCZ is located around 20°N-25°N latitudes (over the Gangetic plain), sometimes
called the monsoon trough. This monsoon trough encourages the development of thermal low over north and
northwest India. Due to the shift of ITCZ, the trade winds of the southern hemisphere cross the equator between 40°
and 60°E longitudes and start blowing from southwest to northeast due to the Coriolis force.
27. B
Statement 1 is incorrect: Only P waves travel through gaseous, liquid and solid materials. S waves travel through only
solid medium.

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Statement 2 is correct: Body waves are generated due to release of energy at the focus and move in all directions
through the body of the earth.
Statement 3 is correct: Surface waves are generated due to interaction of the body waves with the surface rocks.
These waves move along the surface.
Thus, option B is correct.
28. A
 Bajra is sown in hot and dry climatic conditions in north-western and western parts of the country.
 It is a hardy crop which resists frequent dry spells and drought in this region.
 It is cultivated alone as well as part of mixed cropping.
 This coarse cereal occupies about 5.2 per cent of total cropped area in the country.
 Leading producers of Bajra are the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Haryana.
 Being a rainfed crop, the yield level of this crop is low in Rajasthan and fluctuates a lot from year to year.
 Yield of this crop has increased during recent years in Haryana and Gujarat due to introduction of drought resistant
varieties and expansion of irrigation under it.
Thus, Option A is correct
29. D
In November 2017, the Indian Railways launched the initiative, 'Plan Bee' to prevent trains from hitting elephants
crossing tracks. On Friday, the Indian Railways declared that its “Plan Bee” has been a great success as the number of
casualties has gone down drastically.
The plan involves setting up of devices near tracks, which emit the ‘buzzing’ sound of swarming bees, considered as a
natural nemesis of elephants.
30. D
Tropical Evergreen Forest: Rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc
Tropical Deciduous Forest: Dry Decidous Forest ncludes Tendu, palas, amaltas, bel, khair, axlewood, etc. Moist
Decidous Forest includes Teak, sal, shisham, hurra, mahua, amla, semul, kusum, and sandalwood etc.
Tropical Thorn Forest: Babool, ber, and wild date palm, khair, neem, khejri, palas, etc.
31. D
 The Godavari is the largest peninsular river system.
 It is also called the Dakshin Ganga.
 It rises in the Nasik district of Maharashtra and discharges its water into the Bay of Bengal.
 Its tributaries run through the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
It is 1,465 km long with a catchment area spreading over 3.13 lakh sq. km 49 per cent of this, lies in Maharashtra,
20 per cent in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, and the rest in Andhra Pradesh.
 The Penganga, the Indravati, the Pranhita, and the Manjra are its principal tributaries.
 The Godavari is subjected to heavy floods in its lower reaches to the south of Polavaram, where it forms a
picturesque gorge. It is navigable only in the deltaic stretch. The river after Rajamundri splits into several branches
forming a large delta.
32. B
Zoji La, Photu/Fotu La and Khardung La passes are located in Jammu and Kashmir.

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33. B
Major Features of Spike Missile
• Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. has manufactured Israeli Spike missiles. Missile is known for its ability to
pierce bunkers.
• Spike missile can be placed in both mountains and plains; it has an ability to target anything from four kilometers.
• Spike missiles have automatic self-guidance system. It also possess imaging infrared system.
• This missile is designed in a way to target and decimate heavily armored vehicles along with enemy military tanks.
• Australia, Nethersland, England, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Singapore and South Korea are already
using Spike missiles.
34. B
Statement 1 is incorrect: The western cyclonic disturbances enter the Indian subcontinent from the west and the
northwest during the winter months.
Statement 2 is correct: They originate over the Mediterranean sea and are brought to India by westerly jet stream.
Statement 3 is correct: An increase in the prevailing night temperature generally indicates an advance in the arrival of
these cyclones disturbances.
35. A
Statement 1 is correct: Bhabar is a narrow belt ranging between 8-10 km parallel to the Shiwalik foothills at the break-
up of the slope. As a result of this, the streams and rivers coming from the mountains deposit heavy materials of rocks
and boulders, and at times, disappear in this zone.
Statement 2 is incorrect: South of the Bhabar is the Tarai belt, with an approximate width of 10-20 km where most of
the streams and rivers re-emerge without having any properly demarcated channel, thereby, creating marshy and
swampy conditions known as the Tarai. Thia has a luxurious growth of natural vegetation and houses a varied wild
life.
Statement 3 is correct: The south of Tarai is a belt consisting of old and new alluvial deposits known as the Bhangar
and Khadar respectively. These plains have characteristic features of mature stage of fluvial erosional and depositional
landforms such as sand bars, meanders, ox- bow lakes and braided channels.
36. B
Maize: Karnataka. The leading producers of maize are the states of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Yield level of maize is higher than other coarse cereals. It is high in
southern states and declines towards central parts.
Jowar: Maharashtra. Maharashtra alone produces more than half of the total jowar production of the country. Other
leading producer states of jowar are Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
Arhar (Tur): Maharashtra. Maharashtra alone contributes about one-third of the total production of tur. Other leading
producer states are Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Per hectare output of this crop is very
low and its performance is inconsistent.
37. B
Statement 1 is correct: The extra tropical cyclones have a clear frontal system, which is not present in the tropical
cyclones.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Extra tropical cyclone covers a larger area and can originate over the land and sea. Whereas
the tropical cyclones originate only over the seas and on reaching the land they dissipate.
Statement 3 is correct: The extra tropical cyclones move from west to east, whereas tropical cyclones move from east
to west.

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38. A
The low salinity trend is observed in the Bay of Bengal due to influx of river water. On the contrary, the Arabian Sea
shows higher salinity due to high evaporation and low influx of fresh water. Dead Sea, with salinity 238%, is one of the
water bodies having highest salinity in the world. So the correct ascending order is Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Dead
Sea.
39. A
The indicators of youthful stage of river are Gorges, V-shaped valleys,Rapids and Waterfall.
Braided channels and Meanders are indicative of mature stage of rivers.
40. B
Statement 1 is incorrect: Kharchi is one of the most popular festivals of Tripura. Given the participation of people
transcending the communities, it has gained a universal character.
Statement 2 is correct: It is also said to have been influenced by the Brahmanical Hindus. The festival associated with
the indigenous tribal deities is held in June-July at old Agartala.
 Only head-images are identified by various Brahmanical names. These head-images have been accepted as popular
deities by the Hindus of Tripura also. There are many legends about these fourteen deities floating in the state.
 The ceremonial worship starts a day before the festival. Buffalo, richha, he-goats, eggs, bamboo poles and pipes,
umbrella, earthen pot, duck, pigeon, bamboo stick, thread, cotton, turmeric, vermilion, wine, banana leaves and
rice are some of the important ingredients for the worship. “Chantai” or the chief priest chants mantras and his
assistant sacrifices the animals.
 A grand colourful fair held on this occasion continues for seven days.
 The uniqueness of the festival lies in the fact that this becomes a symbol of peace, harmony and fraternity as
people irrespective of cast, creed and religious flock to the place to the celebrate the festival.
41. D
Statement 1 is incorrect: Chenab is the largest tributary of the Indus. It is formed by two streams, the Chandra and
the Bhaga, which join at Tandi near Keylong in Himachal Pradesh. Hence, it is also known as Chandrabhaga. The river
flows for 1,180 km before entering into Pakistan.
Statement 2 is correct: The Satluj originates in the ‘Raksas tal’ near Mansarovar at an altitude of 4,555 m in Tibet
where it is known as Langchen Khambab. It flows almost parallel to the Indus for about 400 km before entering India,
and comes out of a gorge at Rupar. It passes through the Shipki La on the Himalayan ranges and enters the Punjab
plains. It is an antecedent river. It is a very important tributary as it feeds the canal system of the Bhakra Nangal project
Statement 3 is correct: The Beas is another important tributary of the Indus, originating from the Beas Kund near the
Rohtang Pass at an elevation of 4,000 m above the mean sea level. The river flows through the Kullu valley and forms
gorges at Kati and Largi in the Dhaoladhar range. It enters the Punjab plains where it meets the Satluj near Harike.
42. C
 Cocos plate: Between Central America and Pacific plate
 Nazca plate: Between South America and Pacific plate
 Arabian plate: Mostly the Saudi Arabian landmass
 Philippine plate: Between the Asiatic and Pacific plate
 Caroline plate: Between the Philippine and Indian plate (North of New Guinea)
 Fuji plate: North-east of Australia.
These are minor oceanic plates.

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43. D
Mizoram is also known as the ‘Molassis basin’ because it is made up of unconsolidated deposits. With its mountainous
geography it contains many foreland basins which is a valley type depression running parallel to mountains.
44. B
Statement 1 is incorrect: There are three categories of sites in UNESCO World Heritage Site: Natural sites, Cultural
sites and mixed sites. With Successful inscription of Jaipur City, India has 38 world heritage site, that include 30
Cultural properties, 7 Natural properties and 1 mixed site.
Statement 2 is correct: The Walled City of Jaipur, known for its iconic architectural legacy and vibrant culture, made
its entry into the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.
The City of Jaipur is an exceptional urban example in indigenous city planning and construction in South Asia. Unlike
other medieval cities of the region, Jaipur was deliberately planned as a new city on the plains open for trade as
opposed to hilly terrain and military cities of past, though its planning still ensured a response to the surrounding hill
tops in all directions.
Besides an exemplary planning, its iconic monuments such as the Govind Dev temple, City Palace, Jantar Mantar and
Hawa Mahal excel in artistic and architectural craftsmanship of the period.
Jaipur is an expression of the astronomical skills, living traditions, unique urban form and exemplary foresighted city
planning of an 18th century city from India. Jaipur is an exemplary development in town planning and architecture
that demonstrates amalgamation and important interchange of several ideas over the late medieval period.
45. B
 Kharif Crops: Rice, Cotton, Bajra, Maize, Jowar, Tur, Ragi, Groundnut.
 Rabi Crops: Wheat, Gram, Rapeseeds, Mustard, Barley.
 Zaid Crops: Vegetables, Fruits, fodder, Rice.
46. B
The regions where farmers specialise in vegetables only, the farming is known as truck farming. The distance of truck
farms from the market is governed by the distance that a truck can cover overnight, hence the name truck farming.
47. B
Water vapour present in the air is known as humidity. It is expressed quantitatively in different ways.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The actual amount of the water vapour present in the atmosphere is known as the absolute
humidity. It is the weight of water vapour per unit volume of air and is expressed in terms of grams per cubic metre.
The ability of the air to hold water vapour depends entirely on its temperature.
The percentage of moisture present in the atmosphere as compared to its full capacity at a given temperature is known
as the relative humidity.
Statement 2 is correct: The absolute humidity differs from place to place on the surface of the earth. With the change
of air temperature, the capacity to retain moisture increases or decreases and the relative humidity is also affected. It
is greater over the oceans and least over the continents.
48. C
National Youth Corps (NYC) is a scheme of the Department of Youth Affairs implemented through Nehru Yuva
Kendra Sangathan (NYKS). National Youth Volunteers (NYVs) are engaged under the scheme National Youth Corps
(NYC) initially for a period of 01 year extendable upto 02 years on an honorarium of ₹ 5,000/- per month.
About Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan:
Nehru Yuva Kendras was established in 1972. Later in 1987 under Rajiv Gandhi Government it became Nehru Yuva
Kendra Sangathan, an autonomous organization under Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

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ADMIN1: ADMIN2:
49. D
Statement 1 is correct: The flow of water through well-defined channels is known as ‘drainage’ and the network of
such channels is called a ‘drainage system’. The drainage pattern of an area is the outcome of the geological time
period, nature and structure of rocks, topography, slope, amount of water flowing and the periodicity of the flow.
Statement 2 is correct: A river drains the water collected from a specific area, which is called its ‘catchment area’. An
area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a drainage basin.
Statement 3 is correct: The boundary line separating one drainage basin from the other is known as the watershed.
The catchments of large rivers are called river basins while those of small rivulets and rills are often referred to as
watersheds. There is, however, a slight difference between a river basin and a watershed. Watersheds are small in
area while the basins cover larger areas.
50. C
Measuring Earthquakes: The earthquake events are scaled either according to the magnitude or intensity of the shock
Statement 1 is correct: The magnitude scale is known as the Richter scale i.e Richter Scale measures the magnitude of
an Earthquake. The magnitude relates to the energy released during the quake. The magnitude is expressed in
numbers, 0-10. So logarithmic is related to Richter Scale.
Statement 2 is correct: The intensity scale is named after Mercalli, an Italian seismologist. The intensity scale takes
into account the visible damage caused by the event. The range of intensity scale is from 1-12.
51. D
An ocean gyre is a large system of circular ocean currents formed by global wind patterns and forces created by Earth’s
rotation.
How a Gyre Forms?
Three forces cause the circulation of a gyre: global wind patterns, Earth’s rotation, and Earth’s landmasses.
Wind drags on the ocean surface, causing water to move in the direction the wind is blowing.
The Earth’s rotation deflects, or changes the direction of, these wind-driven currents. This deflection is a part of the
Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect shifts surface currents by angles of about 45 degrees. In the Northern Hemisphere,
ocean currents are deflected to the right, in a clockwise motion. In the Southern Hemisphere, ocean currents are
pushed to the left, in a counter-clockwise motion.
 Beneath surface currents of the gyre, the Coriolis effect results in what is called an Ekman spiral. While surface
currents are deflected by about 45 degrees, each deeper layer in the water column is deflected slightly less.
This results in a spiral pattern descending about 100 meters (330 feet).
Earth’s continents and other landmasses (such as islands) also influence the creation of ocean gyres. The massive
South Pacific Gyre, for instance, includes hundreds of kilometers of open ocean. It is bounded only by the continents
of Australia and South America, as well as the Equator and powerful Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC).
 In contrast, the northern Indian Ocean Gyre is a much smaller ocean gyre. Unlike the South Pacific Gyre, its
extent is determined largely by landmasses. The Equator forms its southern boundary, but it is bounded
elsewhere by the Horn of Africa, Sri Lanka and the Indian subcontinent, and the Indonesian archipelago.
52. C
Option C is correct.
53. B
France became the first major economy to impose a tax on digital giants. The French parliament approved a law
dubbed as Gafa Tax (an acronym for Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon), the legislation will impose a 3% levy on
sales generated in the country by non-tax paying online giants.

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54. B
 Carbon Dioxide – It is a greenhouse gas.
 Water Vapour - Acts as blanket maintaining balanced temperature of earth
 Nitrogen - Highest percentage among gases in the composition
 Dust Particles - Acts as hygroscopic nuclei for formation of clouds.
55. A
Statement 1 is correct: Geothermal energy can be derived from tapping of energy from magma and hot springs &
geysers.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Geothermal energy is a non-conventional source of energy.
Statement 3 is correct: In India, a geothermal energy plant has been commissioned at Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.
56. B
The Kumaon Himalayas lies between Sutlej and Kali rivers and not the Himachal Himalayas.
57. B
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Satpuras flank the northern broad base of the Deccan Plateau while the Aravalis lie to
the west and north-west of it.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Garo, the Khasi and the Jaintia hills are a north-eastern extension of the Deccan Plateau.
Statement 3 is correct: The eastern coastal plains are divided into the Northern Circars and the Coromandel Coast.
58. A
Asteroid 162173 Ryugu is a primitive carbonaceous near-Earth asteroid. Carbonaceous asteroids are expected to
preserve the most pristine materials in the Solar system, a mixture of minerals, ice, and organic compounds that
interact with each other.
59. C
Statement 1 is correct: Industries using weight-losing raw materials and perishable raw materials are located near the
source of raw material. Locations of pulp industry, copper smelting and pig iron industries are located near their raw
materials.
Statement 2 is correct: Heavy machine, machine tools, heavy chemicals are located near the high demand areas as
these are market orientated. Cotton textile industry uses a non-weight-losing raw material and is generally located in
large urban centre, e.g. Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Surat, etc. Statement 3 is incorrect: Petroleum refineries are also
located near the markets as the transport of crude oil is easier and several products derived from them are used as
raw material in other industries.
60. D
In free air, condensation results from cooling around very small particles termed as hygroscopic condensation nuclei.
Particles of dust, smoke and salt from the ocean are particularly good nuclei because they absorb water. Condensation
also takes place when the moist air comes in contact with some colder object and it may also take place when the
temperature is close to the dew point.
Condensation, therefore, depends upon the amount of cooling and the relative humidity of the air. Condensation is
influenced by the volume of air, temperature, pressure and humidity.
Condensation takes place: (i) when the temperature of the air is reduced to dew point with its volume remaining
constant; (ii) when both the volume and the temperature are reduced; (iv) when moisture is added to the air through
evaporation.

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61. A
Statement 1 is correct:
Statement 2 is incorrect: Brazil tops the list of sugarcane producer with India being the second largest producer.
Statement 3 is incorrect: UP is the largest producer of sugarcane in India.
62. A
Statement 1 is correct: Chandrayaan 2 is an Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) mission comprising an orbiter
and a soft lander carrying a rover, scheduled to launch to the Moon in July 2019. The primary objective of Chandrayaan
2 is to demonstrate the ability to soft-land on the lunar surface and operate a robotic rover on the surface.
If successful, Chandrayaan 2 will propel India to an elite list of four nations (including Russia, the US and China) that
have pulled off a soft-landing on the moon.
Statement 2 is correct: Chandrayaan 2 is an Indian lunar mission that will boldly go where no country has ever gone
before — the Moon's south polar region.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Chandrayaan 2 was launched on 22 July 2019 from Satish Dhawan Space Center on
Sriharikota Island on an ISRO Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mark III.
63. B
Rourkela Steel Plant: The Rourkela Steel plant was set up in 1959 in the Sundargarh district of Odisha in collaboration
with Germany. The plant was located on the basis of proximity to raw materials, thus, minimising the cost of
transporting weight losing raw material. This plant has a unique locational advantage, as it receives coal from Jharia
(Jharkhand) and iron ore from Sundargarh and Kendujhar. The Hirakud project supplies power for the electric furnaces
and water is obtained from the Koel and Sankh rivers.
Bhilai Steel Plant: The Bhilai Steel Plant was established with Russian collaboration in Durg district of Chhattisgarh and
started production in 1959. Iron ore comes from Dalli-Rajhara mine and coal from Korba and Kargali coal fields. Water
comes from the Tanduladam and the power from the Korba Thermal Power Station. This plant also lies on the Kolkata-
Mumbai railway route. The bulk of the steel produced goes to the Hindustan Shipyard at Visakhapatnam.
Durgapur Steel Plant: Durgapur Steel Plant in West Bengal was set up in collaboration with the government of the
United Kingdom and started production in 1962.
64. B
Black Soil
These soils are also known as the ‘Regur Soil’ or the ‘Black Cotton Soil’. The black soils are generally clayey, deep and
impermeable. They swell and become sticky when wet and shrink when dried. So, during the dry season, these soils
develop wide cracks. Thus, there occurs a kind of ‘self ploughing’.
Because of this character of slow absorption and loss of moisture, the black soil retains the moisture for a very long
time, which helps the crops, especially; the rain fed ones, to sustain even during the dry season.
Black soil covers most of the Deccan Plateau which includes parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh and some parts of Tamil Nadu. In the upper reaches of the Godavari and the Krishna, and the north -western
part of the Deccan Plateau, the black soil is very deep.
65. C
Emergence of Shadow Zone
Statement 1 is correct: Earthquake waves get recorded in seismographs located at far off locations. However, there
exist some specific areas where the waves are not reported. Such a zone is called the ‘shadow zone’. The study of
different events reveals that for each earthquake, there exists an altogether different shadow zone. It was observed

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that seismographs located at any distance within 105° from the epicentre, recorded the arrival of both P and S-waves.
However, the seismographs located beyond 145° from epicentre, record the arrival of P-waves, but not that of S-
waves. Thus, a zone between 105° and 145° from epicentre was identified as the shadow zone for both the types of
waves. The entire zone beyond 105° does not receive S-waves.
Statement 2 is correct: The shadow zone of S-wave is much larger than that of the P-waves. The shadow zone of P-
waves appears as a band around the earth between 105° and 145° away from the epicentre. The shadow zone of S-
waves is not only larger in extent but it is also a little over 40 per cent of the earth surface.
66. C
Statement 1 is correct: The temperature structure of oceans over middle
and low latitudes can be described as a three-layer system from surface
to the bottom:
 The first layer represents the top layer of warm oceanic water and
it is about 500m thick with temperatures ranging between 20°
and 25° C. This layer, within the tropical region, is present
throughout the year but in mid latitudes it develops only during
summer.
 The second layer called the thermocline layer lies below the first
layer and is characterized by rapid decrease in temperature with
increasing depth.
 The third layer is very cold and extends upto the deep ocean floor.
Statement 2 is correct: In the Arctic and Antarctic circles, the surface
water temperatures are close to 0° C and so the temperature change with
the depth is very slight. Here, only one layer of cold water exists, which extends from surface to deep ocean floor.
67. A
The Government of India has approved a project to build the India-based Neutrino Observatory(INO) at Pottipuram in
Theni District of Tamil Nadu.
A neutrino is a subatomic particle with no electric charge.They are considered to be the second most abundant particle
in the universe after photons or light particles.
Neutrinos were initially thought to be massless particles but recent experiments suggest that they indeed have a very
small mass.
Thus, Option is correct.
68. D
Statement 1 is correct: Continental shelf is the shallowest part of the ocean consisting of shallow seas and gulfs.
Statement 2 is correct: Deep sea plains are gently sloping areas of the ocean basins and are the flattest and smoothest
regions of the world.
Statement 3 is correct: Trenches are the steep sided, narrow basins and are the deepest parts of the ocean.
69. C
Statement 1 is incorrect: Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘Later’ which means brick. The laterite soils
develop in areas with high temperature and high rainfall.
Statement 2 is correct: These are the result of intense leaching due to tropical rains. With rain, lime and silica are
leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind. Humus content of the soil is
removed fast by bacteria that thrive well in high temperature.

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Statement 3 is correct: These soils are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate and calcium, while iron oxide and
potash are in excess. Hence, laterites are not suitable for cultivation; however, application of manures and fertilisers
are required for making the soils fertile for cultivation.
Statement 4 is correct: Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for tree crops
like cashewnut.
70. A
Statement 1 is correct: Salinity changes with depth, but the way it changes depends upon the location of the sea.
Salinity at the surface increases by the loss of water to ice or evaporation, or decreased by the input of fresh waters,
such as from the rivers. Salinity at depth is very much fixed, because there is no way that water is ‘lost’, or the salt is
‘added.’
Statement 2 is incorrect: There is a marked difference in the salinity between the surface zones and the deep zones
of the oceans. The lower salinity water rests above the higher salinity dense water. Other factors being constant,
increasing salinity of seawater causes its density to increase. High salinity seawater, generally, sinks below the lower
salinity water. This leads to stratification by salinity.
71. A
Atmosphere has a sufficient capacity to keep small solid particles, which may originate from different sources and
include sea salts, fine soil, smoke-soot, ash, pollen, dust and disintegrated particles of meteors.
Statement 1 is correct: Dust particles are generally concentrated in the lower layers of the atmosphere; yet,
convectional air currents may transport them to great heights.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The higher concentration of dust particles is found in subtropical and temperate regions due
to dry winds in comparison to equatorial and polar regions.
72. A
 Nanda Devi Uttarakhand
 Nilgiri Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala
 Pachmarhi Madhya Pradesh
 Seshachalam Andhra Pradesh
73. B
Statement 1 is correct.
 Major river basins – more than 20,000 sq. km of catchment area. In India there are 14 major river basins.
 Medium river basins: It has a Catchment area – 2,000-20,000 sq. km.
 Minor river basins: It has a Catchment area – 2,000 sq. km.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Ganga, Brahmaputra, Krishna, Tapi, Narmada, Mahi rivers are classified as Major River Basins.
74. D
Statement 1 is correct: Warm-water currents travel out from the equator along the surface, flowing towards the poles
to replace the sinking cold water.
Statement 2 is correct: Cold-water ocean currents occur when the cold water at the poles sinks and slowly moves
towards the equator.
Statement 3 is correct: Cold currents are usually found on the west coast of the continents in the low and middle
latitudes (true in both hemispheres) and on the east coast in the higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.

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75. A
Option A is correct.
76. D
Statement 1 is correct: The rotation of the earth about its axis affects the direction of the wind. This force is called the
Coriolis force after the French physicist who described it in 1844. It deflects the wind to the right direction in the
northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. The deflection is more when the wind velocity is
high.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Coriolis force is directly proportional to the angle of latitude. It is maximum at the poles
and is absent at the equator. At the equator, the Coriolis force is zero and the wind blows perpendicular to the isobars.
Statement 3 is correct: Presence of the Coriolis force is one of the pre-requisite for the formation and intensification
of the tropical storm.
77. B
Sugarcane is a weight-losing crop. The ratio of sugar to sugarcane varies between 9 to 12 per cent depending on its
variety. Its sucrose content begins to dry during haulage after it has been harvested from the field.
The other raw materials besides iron ore and coking coal, essential for iron and steel industry are limestone, dolomite,
manganese and fire clay. All these raw materials are gross (weight losing). Therefore, the best location for the iron and
steel plants is near the source of raw materials.
Cotton is a “pure” raw material which does not lose weight in the manufacturing process.
78. C
Statement 1 is correct: The earth’s surface receives most of its energy in short wavelengths. The energy received by
the earth is known as incoming solar radiation which in short is termed as insolation.
Statement 2 is correct: The insolation received by the earth is in short waves forms and heats up its surface. The earth
after being heated itself becomes a radiating body and it radiates energy to the atmosphere in long wave form. This
energy heats up the atmosphere from below. This process is known as terrestrial radiation.
79. D
Statement 1 is correct: The Ashoka Chakra shall be awarded for most conspicuous bravery; or some act of daring or
pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the enemy.
Statement 2 is correct: The decoration maybe awarded wither to military or civilian personnel.
Statement 3 is correct: The persons eligible for Ashoka Chakra will be:
 Officers and men and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of
the Territorial Army, Militia and of any other lawfully constituted forces.
 Members of the Nursing Services of the Armed Forces.
 Civilian citizens of either sex in all walks of life and members of Police Forces including Central Para-Military Forces
and Railway Protection Force.
80. C
Turkey, Egypt and Tunisia surround the Mediterranean Sea. Iraq is at the interior blocked by Syria.

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81. D
Variation in the Net Heat Budget at the Earth’s Surface
There are variations in the amount of radiation received at the earth’s surface. Some part of the earth has surplus
radiation balance while the other part has deficit.
Statement 1 is correct: There is a surplus of net radiation balance between 40 degrees north and south.
Statement 2 is correct: The regions near the poles have a deficit.
Statement 3 is correct: The surplus heat energy from the tropics is redistributed pole wards and as a result the tropics
do not get progressively heated up due to the accumulation of excess heat or the high latitudes get permanently frozen
due to excess deficit.
82. C
83. B
The periodical rise and fall of the sea level, once or twice a day, mainly due to the attraction of the sun and the moon,
is called a tide.
The moon’s gravitational pull to a great extent and to a lesser extent the sun’s gravitational pull, are the major causes
for the occurrence of tides. Another factor is centrifugal force, which is the force that acts to counter balance the
gravity. Together, the gravitational pull and the centrifugal force are responsible for creating the two major tidal bulges
on the earth. On the side of the earth facing the moon, a tidal bulge occurs while on the opposite side though the
gravitational attraction of the moon is less as it is farther away, the centrifugal force causes tidal bulge on the other
side.
84. A
Option A is correct.
85. A
The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated protected areas, each
known as biosphere reserves that are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature.
With the addition of the ABR, total 11 of the 18 biosphere reserves in the country have made it to the list of World
Network of Biosphere Reserves. The other 9 Biosphere Reserves are: Nilgiri (Western Ghats), Gulf of Mannar (Tamil
Nadu), Sunderban (West Bengal), Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand), Nokrek (Meghalaya), Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh),
Similipal (Odisha), Achanakmar-Amarkantak (Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) and Great Nicobar.
86. B
The major iron ore belts in India are:
 Odisha-Jharkhand belt: In Odisha, high grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj
and Kendujhar districts. In the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand, haematite iron ore is mined in Gua
and Noamundi.
 Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Very high grade haematites are found in
the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. The range of hills comprises of 14
deposits of super high grade hematite iron ore. It has the best physical properties needed for steel making.
Iron ore from these mines is exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakhapatnam port.
 Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru belt in Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore. The
Kudremukh mines located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100 per cent export unit. Kudremukh
deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world. The ore is transported as slurry through a pipeline
to a port near Mangaluru.

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The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh, Khetri mines in Rajasthan and Singhbhum district of Jharkhand are leading
producers of copper.
Mica deposits are found in the northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau. Koderma Gaya – Hazaribagh belt of
Jharkhand is the leading producer.
87. C
Operation Sudershan - The Border Security Force (BSF) has launched a mega exercise code-named Operation
Sudarshan to fortify the ‘anti-infiltration grid’ along the Pakistan.
Operation Thirst - According to Railway Protection Force (RPF), the operation was launched in all major railway
stations across the country to curb the menace of unauthorised packaged drinking water on railway stations.
88. D
Statement 1 is incorrect: Beyond, the Arctic Circle, the vegetation is of the tundra type consisting of lichens, moss and
a few stunted trees.
Statement 2 is incorrect: South of the tundra lies the taiga region. It is a region of coniferous forests. Trees are tall
and straight with a cone-like shape. Pine, spruce and fir are common trees. They provide valuable softwood.

89. B
The region where warm and cold currents meet:
Statement 1 is correct: Planktons are abundant in regions where warm and cold currents meet.
Statement 2 is correct: Meeting of warm and cold currents produces very thick fog. This is dangerous for ships as
visibility is reduced.
Statement 3 is incorrect: They support fish in large numbers. Such areas are important fishing grounds of the world.
One such region is near Newfoundland where the warm Gulf Stream meets the cold Labrador current.
90. C
The earth is a sphere and has no edges from which you can measure your distance. It has, however, two fixed paints-
the North Pole and the South Pole which serve as basic points of reference.
Statement 1 is correct: One set of lines are drawn in between the two poles in an east-west direction. These are
parallel to the equator. That is why, they are called Parallels of Latitude.
Statement 2 is correct: The other set of lines are drawn joining the North and the South Poles. They are semi-circles.
They are called Meridians of Longitude.

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91. A
 Bhor Ghat: It links Mumbai to Pune
 Thal Ghat: It links Nasik to Mumbai
92. B
Statement 1 is incorrect: Gaur is the state animal of Bihar. Ganges RiverDolphin is the National Aquatic Animal of
India.
Statement 2 is correct: Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary on the Gangain Bihar is the only dolphin sanctuary in
the country.
93. A
Statement 1 is incorrect: Some celestial bodies have their own heat and light and are called STARS. Some celestial
bodies do not have their own heat and light. They only reflect the light which they receive from a star like the sun.
These are called PLANETS.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Every planet in our solar system except for Venus and Uranus rotates counter-clockwise as
seen from above the North Pole; that is to say, from west to east. This is the same direction in which all the planets
orbit the sun. Uranus was likely hit by a very large planetoid early in its history, causing it to rotate "on its side," 90
degrees away from its orbital motion. Venus rotates backwards compared to the other planets, also likely due to an
early asteroid hit which disturbed its original rotation.
94. B
Statement 3 is incorrect: The distance between the two longitudes decreases from the equator to the poles.
All other statements are correct.
95. C
Torrid Zone
The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic
of Capricorn. It therefore, receives the maximum heat.
Temperate Zones
The mid-day sun never shines overhead on any latitude beyond the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The
angle of the sun’s rays goes on decreasing towards the poles and the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in
the Southern Hemisphere, They have moderate temperatures.
Frigid Zones
Areas lying between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the
South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere, are very cold. It is because here the sun does not rise much above the horizon.
96. D
Statement 1 is correct: The Ten Degree Channel is a channel that separates the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands
from each other in the Bay of Bengal.
Statements 2 and 3 are correct: These islands receive convectional rainfall and have an equatorial type of vegetation.
97. B
Statement 1 is incorrect: Anthracite is the highest quality hard coal.

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Statement 2 is incorrect: Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperatures is bituminous coal.
It is the most popular coal in commercial use. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal which has a special value
for smelting iron in blast furnaces.
Statement 3 is correct: Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The principal lignite
reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are used for generation of electricity.
Statement 4 is correct: Decaying plants in swamps produce peat which has a low carbon and high moisture contents
and low heating capacity.
98. B
Statement 1 is correct: A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly-shaped slab of solid
rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. Plates move horizontally over the
asthenosphere as rigid units. The lithosphere includes the crust and top mantle with its thickness range varying
between 5-100 km in oceanic parts and about 200 km in the continental areas. A plate may be referred to as the
continental plate or oceanic plate depending on which of the two occupy a larger portion of the plate. Pacific plate is
largely an oceanic plate whereas the Eurasian plate may be called a continental plate.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a good example of the divergent plate boundary.
Statement 3 is correct.
99. D
The government in Rajasthan is considering formulating a policy on manufactured sand (M-sand) as a
substitute of ‘bajri’ (riverbed sand) used for the construction of buildings, in view of the Supreme Court’s ban on mining
of the latter in the State.
100. B
Statement 1 is incorrect: These are a narrow belt of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere.
Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. A number of separate jet streams
have been identified. The most constant are the mid-latitude and the sub-tropical jet stream.
Statement 2 is correct: These jet streams are located approximately over 27°-30° north latitude. Therefore, they are
known as subtropical westerly jet streams.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Over India, these jet streams blow south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in
summer. The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are
brought in by this westerly flow. In summer, the subtropical westerly jet stream moves north of the Himalayas with
the apparent movement of the sun. An easterly jet stream, called the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blows over
peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months.

Ph: 011 - 45090051, 9818333201, 9871216382



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INSIGHT GS MAINS TEST SERIES

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

EBOOKS & UPSC PRELIMS USPC MAINS VIDEO FOR DAILY

SECUREIAS UPSC PRELIMS UPSC MAINS DELHI CIVILSERVICES

OPTIONAL SUBJECTS BOOKS, STATE PCS, SSC, BANKING

Thus, Option D is correct.

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

EBOOKS & UPSC PRELIMS USPC MAINS VIDEO FOR DAILY

SECUREIAS UPSC PRELIMS UPSC MAINS DELHI CIVILSERVICES

OPTIONAL SUBJECTS BOOKS, STATE PCS, SSC, BANKING

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Thus, Option D is correct.

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

Central Delhi: 73, Second Floor, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60

EBOOKS & UPSC PRELIMS USPC MAINS VIDEO FOR DAILY

SECUREIAS UPSC PRELIMS UPSC MAINS DELHI CIVILSERVICES

OPTIONAL SUBJECTS BOOKS, STATE PCS, SSC, BANKING

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