OPHTHALMOLOGY

ANATOMY&DEVELOPMENT
1. De vel
opme ntofEyea ndOc ularst
ructure
s(Pg.
6)
2. De vel
opme ntofcrystallinelens(diagram)(Pg.
9)
3. Pup i
ll
a rypa t
hwa yforl ightrefl
ex(Pg.5)
4. Visualpa thwa y&bl oods upply&f ielddefect
s(quadr
ant
icanops
ial
oca
ti
on
oflesion
Upper :Top:Te mpor alLe sion
Lowe r:Pits:Par
ietalLobe
5. Opt i
cne rve,opti
cne rvehe ad&Opt icchia
s ma-ana
tomy,bl
ood
supply,cli
nicalimpor t
a nce(Pg.309)

CLI
NICALMETHODS
DI
AGRAMS
A.Str
uct
ure
sformi
ngant
eri
orc
hambe
r.(
Pg.
217)
B.Schi
otzt
onomet
er

SHORTNOTES
1.D/ Dofgr adua lpainlessa ndpa infullos sofvi sion(Pg.492)
2.D/ D ofs udde npa inlessa ndpa infull ossofvi s i
on(Pg.492)
3.Ca use sofni ghtblindne ss(Pg.493)
4.Di ff erencebe twe e
nc onjunctivalandc il
iaryc onge st
ion(Pg.
500)
5.Fl our escins tai
ningofc ornea
6.Ps e udohypopyon( InRe t
inoblastoma ,Le ukaemi a,Mul t
iplemyeloma)
7.D/ Dofi ridodon esis(Pg.525)
8.Ca use sofr ube osisiridis(
Pg. 504,525)
9.Ama ur oti
cc atseyer eflex
10.Ma rcusGunnpupi l(pg.31 2,
505)
11.D/ Dofr edne ssofe ye——- SOGUCK: [Scleri
tis,Orbit
al
disea se,Gla ucoma ,Uve iti
s,Conj uncti
vi t
is,Ke r
a t
iti
s ]
12.Ca us esofs ha l
lowa ndde epa nteri
orc ha mbe r(pg.525)
13.D/ D ofwhi terefl
ex( IMPT)
14.Ca us esofc he r
ryr eds pot——” CherryTr eesNe verGrowTa ll
”
[Ce ntralre t
i nala rteryoc c l
usion,Tay- Sac hsdisea se
,Niemann-Pickdi
sea
se,
Ga uc he r
’sdi s
ease,Tra uma( Be rli
n’se de ma )
]
15.IOP
16.Re tinos copy( Pg.579)
 17.Tonome tr
y(Pg.510)
18.Per
ime t
ry(Pg.512)
19.Gonioscopy(Pg.578)
20.Fundusflouresci
na ngi
ogr
aphy
21.Ocularult
rasonography

OPTI
CSANDREFRACTI
ON

DI
AGRAMS
1.Re
frac
tioninmyopi
a&hype
rme
tropi
a(Pg.
29,
32)
2.St
urm’sconoi
d(Pg.
25)

SHORTNOTES
1.Us esofc onve x&c onc a
velens(
Pg.23,
24)
2.Stur m’sc onoi d(Pg.25)
3.Myopi a(IMPT) -
Ae tiol
ogy,cl
inica
ltype
s,cha
nge
sine
ye,c
ompl
ic
ati
ons
,
tr
e atme nt(Pg.32)
4.Hype rme tr
opi a(Pg .
28)
5.Apha kia(IMPT) (Pg.31)
6.Rxofa pha kia(Pg.31)
7.Pseudopha ki a
8.As t
igma t
ism( Pg. 36)
9.Presbyopi a(Pg.42)
10.Contactlens -i
nd icati
on(Pg.
45)
11.Radialke rtomy (Pg.47)
12.LASI K(Pg. 48)
13.Lowvi siona ids(LVA)
14.Binocularvi sion
15.Ophtha l
mos copicc hangesinhighmyopia(
Pg.
33)
16.Me t
hodsofa pha kicc orr
ect
ion(Pg.
31)

CONJUNCTI VA
DI
AGRAMS
1. Bl
oods upplyofconj
unc
tiva
(Pg.
54)
2. Pa
rtsofconjunct
iva(
Pg.
53)
3. Pa
nnus(Pg.63)

SHORTNOTES
1.Bloods
uppl
yofc
onj
unc
ti
va(
Pg.
54)
 2. Ba cte rialc onj unc tivitis(Pg.56)
3. A/ CMuc opur ulentc onj uncti
viti
s,(Pg.56)
4. A/ C Pur ulentc onj unc tivit
is
5. A/ CMe mbr anousc onj uncti
vitis
6. Ps eudome mbr anousc onjunc ti
viti
s
7. Angul arc onj un ctivitis(Pg .
59)
8. Tr achoma -s eque la e ,
Rx. (Pg.60)
9. Pa nnus
10.Mc Ca llan’ sc las s
ific ation(Pg.64)
11.Follicula rc onj unc tivitis
12.Al lergi cc onj un ctivitis(IMPT) (
Pg.71)
13.Phl yc tenul arke ratoc onjunc t
ivit
is(
I MPT) (
Pg.75)
14.Pingue cul a(Pg. 79)
15.Pterygi um( IMPT) ( Pg. 79)
16.Ph l
yc ten(Pg. 76)
17.Opht halmi anodos a
18.Pse udopt e rygi um( Pg. 80)
19.Ec chymos is( Pg. 82)
20.Xe ros is(Pg. 83)
21.Partsofc onj un ctiva (Pg. 53)
22.Gia ntpa pillaryc onj unc ti
viti
s (
Pg.75)
23.Su bc onjuc tiva lH’ ge( IMPT) (Pg.82)
ESSAY
1. Ac ut ePur ule nt/Muc opur ulentConj unti
vit
is
(Pg.55)
2. Tr achoma (FI STO- Fol li
cles,
Intense,Scar
ri
ng,Trichi
asi
s,
Opa
cit
ie
s)(
Pg.
60)
3. Opht ha lmi ane ona tor um( Pg.60)
4. Sp ringCa tarrh( V. impt )
(Pg.72)

CORNEA
DIAGRAMS
· Hi s
tology/l
ayersofc ornea
(Pg.90)
· Stagesofc ornealulcer
(Pg.93)
SHORTNOTES
1. Megalocornea(Pg.91)
2. Hypopyon&ps e
udohypopyon
3. Hypopyonc ornealulcer(
Pg.96)
4. Marginalcornealulcer
(Pg.100)
5. Herpessimplexke rat
it
is(
Pg.102)
6. Dis
c i
formke rat
iti
s(Pg.
103)
 7. He rpe sz osteropht ha lmi cus(Pg.104)
8. Ac ant hamoe bake ratitis(pg.107)
9. Moor e n’sul cer(
Pg. 111)
10.SPK( Pg. 112)
11.Ph otoopht ha l
mi a
12.Inters t
itialke rat
it
is(Pg.( TICTACS-TB,I nheritedSyphilli
s(Conge nit
al)
,
Tr ypa nos omi asi
s,Ac uteSyphi ll
is,Coga n’sSyndr ome ,Sarc
oidos i
s
13.Ar cuss enil
is(Pg.115)
14.Ba nds hape dke rat
opa thy(Pg. 118)
15.Ke ratoc onus (Pg.125) ——CONES[ Ce ntr
alsc a
rring&Fl e
ischerring,Oil
dropr eflex/
Oe de ma( hydr ops),
,Ne rvespr omi nent,Excessivebulgingofl owe rl
idon
downga ze( Muns en’ ss i
gn), St r
iae(Vo gt’
s)]
Sys te mi ca ssociat
ionsofke ra t
oconus:ABCDEF
[Atopy, Bone s(oste oge ne s
isi mpe r
fecta)
,Crouz on’ssyndrome ,Down’
s yndr ome ,
Ehl erDa nl oss yndr ome ,
Finge r
s(Ma rf
an’s
) ]cl
inicalfeat
ures,
compl icati
ons
16.Cor ne alopa citi
es(Pg12 8).
17.Ke ratopl ast
y( Pg.131)
18.Expos ureke ratit
is,
a llergicke rati
tis(
Pg.109)
19.Ke ratoma l
a cia
20.St ri
a teke r
atiti
s
21.Ana tomy,i mpofe a chl ayer,ma i
ntenanceoft ranspar
e ncy(impt )
(Pg.90)
22.Hypha ema
ESSAYS
· Ba cter i
alc ornealul cer-e t
iology,pathology,compl i
cat
ions,ma nageme nt,
Re ferPARSONf ordr ugs&dos e s
(Pg.92)
· Funga l/myc oti
cc or nealul cer(Pg.100)
DIAGRAM
1. St aphyl oma (Pg.139)

SCLERA

SHORTNOTES
1.Epi
scl
e r
it
is(
Pg.136)
2.St
aphyloma(Pg.139)(AC PIE-
Ant
erior,
Cil
ary
,Pot e
rior
,I
nte
rca
lar
y,Equa
tor
ial
)
 3.PostSta
phyloma(Pg.
140)———- POSTSCLER
[Pr
optosi
s,Ophthal
moplegia,Swell
ingofdisc,Thickeningofscl
era
(US/CT)&Ts i
gn(flui
dins ub-
Tenon’sspa
c e),Subre
tinalexuda
tes
,Choroi
dalfoLds,Exudat
iveRD, Ringchoroidaldeta
c hment]

ESSAY
1.Sc
ler
it
is
(Pg.
137)

UVEA
DI
AGRAMS
1.Signsofante
rioruve
it
is
(Pg.
150)
2.Synechi
ae(Pg.
153)
3.Ir
isbombe

SHORTNOTES
1.He ter
oc hromi ai ris(Pg. 145)
2.Conge nitalc oloboma (Pg15)
3.Uve it
is-Cl as s
ific ation(Pg.16)
4.I ri
docyc li
tis(Pg. 149)
5.Ke ra t
icpp ts(
Pg. 150)
6.Pos teri
ors yne chiae (Pg .
152)
7.Di ffb/wgr anuloma tous&non- gr a
nul omatousuveiti
s(Pg.
155)
8.Se cc l
usi
o&oc culus iopupi lae(Pg.153)
9.I r
isbombe
10.Pos tuveitis(
Pg. 158)
11.Endopht ha l
mi tis(Pg. 168)
12.Panopht halmi tis(
Pg. 170)
13.Evi scer
ation(Pg. 171)
14.Be hcet’
sd/ s(Pg. 162) ———- ORALUPSET
[Oc clusi
vepe riphle bitis,Re t
init
is,Ant er
ioruveiti
s,Le a
kagefr
omr e
ti
nal
ve s
s el
s,Ul ceration( apht hous/genit
al),Pustul
esa f
terskint
rauma(Pat
her
gy
test),Scratchingl ea ve slines(de rmatographism),Erythemanodos
um,
Thr ombophl ebiti
s]
15.VKHs yndr ome (Pg. 167)
16.Sympa theti
copht halmi t
is(
Pg.167,441) — Da l
enf uc
hsnodule
17.Pha coa naphyl ac ticuve i
tis(
Pg.166)
18.Fuc h’she terochr omi ci r
idocyclit
is
(Pg.166)
19.Ce ntr
als er
ousc hor oi dopa t
hy(Pg.288)
20 At ropinei nuve i
tis(Pg. 156)
 21.Oc ula
rt oxoplasmosis(Pg.163)
22.Sec c
lusiopupi l
lae,I
risnodul e
,Ma sque
rades
yndr
ome
23.Enuc l
e ati
on&Evi scerat
ion(Pg.171)
ESSAY
A/ciridocyclit
is
(Pg.149)
LENS(IMPT)
DIAGRAMS
1.Adul tcrys t
all
inelens(Pg.178)
2.I nt
raocularlens

SHORTNOTES
1.Conge nital/de ve l
opme nt alc a
tarac t(
Cl assi
ficat
ionI MPT) (
Pg.181)
2.La me llar
/Zonul arc ata ra ct(Pg.183) (MCvi suallysignificantdeve l
opment al
catar
a c t
)
3.Punc tatec a taract(Pg. 183) (MCde ve lopme ntalc ata
ra ct)
4.St age sofma t
urationofSe ni
lec a
ta rac t(Pg.
187) -
cause sCATARAc t:Conge nit
al,
Agi ng, Toxicity(steroids,
etc),
Ac cide nts,Radi atio n,Ab norma lme tabolis
m( diabetesme ll
itus,Wilson’s)
5.Hype rma tur ec at
ara ct
6.Bl ackc ata ract
7.Ma na ge me ntofc ata rac t(Pg.193)
8.Ma cul arf unc ti
ont e sts
9.Compl ica tedc atarac t
( Pg. 192)————-RI GID
[R-re tinalde tachme nt,I -i nfl
amma tor yconditionsl i
kei r
idocyc li
ti
s,hypopyon,
cho r
oi ditis,e ndopht ha lmi t
is,G-gl a uc oma{ pri
ma r
y&s ec
onda ry},I-
int
rao cula rt umor s,D-de generativec ondi t
ions{ reti
nitispigme ntosa,r
etinal
dystrophi e s},surger ies:e ntr
opion]
10.ECCE–Conve ntiona la ndSI CS( Pg. 199)
11.Ant eriorc a psulotomy( Pg. 200)
12.Pha coe mul s if
icati
on( Pg. 203)
13.IOL–( Pg. 206) Adva nt age s,Type s,I ndi cat
ions,SRKf ormul a
,Impl ant
ation,
Compl ica ti
ons
14.ACI OL( Pg. 206)
15.Compl ica ti
onsofc atar ac tsurgery(Pg. 209)( i
ntraope rati
ve,imme di
ate&l ate
postop)
16.After-c at
a ra ct–a ppe a ra nc e
(Pg.213)
17.Subluxa t
ion&di sloc ationofl ens(Pg. 215)
18.Iri
ss ha dow-I mma tureSe nil
eCa ta rac t(Pg190).
19.Le nsme ta bol i
sm,nut r ition,electrolyt ei mbalance (
Pg. 179)
ESSAYS
1.Seni
lecat
arac
t-i
mma t
ure&ma t
ure
,ma
nage
ment
,tr
eat
ment
,
compli
cat
ions
(Pg.185)
2.Complic
atedcat
aract
(Pg.
192)

GLAUCOMA
DIAGRAMS
1.Angl eofa nte riorc ha mbe r:St ructur
e sanda queouspat
hway(Pg.217)
2.Opt icne r
vehe a dc ha nge singl aucoma
3.Gl auc oma tousvi sua lf ie l
dc hange s(
Pg. 232)
SHORTNOTES
1.Uve os c l
er alout f
low( Pg. 220)
2.Conge ni t
a lgl auc oma (Pg. 224)
3.Bupht ha l
mos (Pg.2 24)
4.Tr a
be culot omy( Pg .226)
5.Prima ryope na ngl egl auc oma (Pg.227)
6.Opt icdi scc ha nge si nPOAG( Pg.228 )
7.Bj e
r rum’ s /a rcua tes c otoma (Pg. 232)
8.Fieldde fec tsi nPOAG( Pg.232)
9.Wa te rdr inki ngt e st(Pg. 234)
10.Pri
ma r ya ngl ec lo sur egl a ucoma -
dia gnosi
s,ma nage
ment.
(Pg.238)
11.Acut ec onge stivegl a uc oma (Pg.242)
12.Lensi nduc edgl a uc oma (
Pg .247)
13.Neova scul argl auc oma (Pg. 249)
14.Glauc oma-i nAp ha kia (Pg.250)
15.Cil
ia rybl oc k/ma ligna ntgl auc oma (Pg.251)
16.Trauma ti
cgl a ucoma (Pg. 25 1)
17.Periphe rali ride ctomy( Pg.252)
18.Str
uc tur e
sa ta ngl eofa nt eriorc hambe r
19.Seconda rygl au coma ( Pg. 247)
21St e
r oidI nduc e dGl auc oma ( Pg250)
22IOP- Howi tisma inta ine d?(Pg. 219)
23.Pse
udoe xfol iativeg lauc oma (Pg.
ESSAYS
1.Prima ryope na ngl egl auc oma -Si gns ,i
nvesti
gati
on,manageme nt
(Pg.
227)
2.Ac utea ngl ec losur egl a ucoma (Pg.238)
 VITREOUS
SHORTNOTES
1.Vi treoush’ a ge (
Pg. 260)
2.Vi treousde tachme nt(Pg. 258)
3.Pe rsistenthype rpl as t
icpr ima ryvi treous (Pg .
259)
4.At seroi dhya los is(Pg. 259)
5.Vi trectomy( Pg.26 1)
6.Vi treouss ubs t
itute s(Pg. 262)
RETINA
DIAGRAMS
· Mi croscopi cs truc tureofr et
ina -r ods&c on es(
Pg. 265)
· Di agr amofnor ma lopt icdi sc(Pg. 264)
· Fundu spi ctur eso fr e
tini ti
spi gme ntos a,Hype rt
ens i
ver et
inopat
hy,Di abe t
ic
ret
ino pathy,pa pi l
loe dema
SHORTNOTES
1.Ea lesdi seas e(Pg .268)
2.Re tina larteryoc c l
us ion( Pg. 269)
3.Re tina lveinoc clus ion( Pg. 270)
4.Hype rtensiver etinopa t
hy( Pg.272)
5.Di abe ticretinopa thy(Pg. 274)
6.Re tinopa thyofpr e ma tur ity(Pg.279)
7.Exuda tiver etinopa thyofc oa ts
(Pg. 2 82)
8.Re tinitispigme nt o sa(Pg. 284)[ s ys t
emi cd/ sassociatedwi t
hreti
ni t
ispigme nt
osa
are
LUCHRL-l aur enc emoo nbi e dls yn,U-us her’
ss ynd, C-cocka yne’
ss ynd,
H-ha llgre n’ss ynd, R-r efsum’ ss ynd ]
9.Ce ntr alserousr etinopa thy( Pg.285)
10.Cystoi dma cula ro e dema (Pg. 290)
11.Ager elat
edma c ula rde ge ne rat
ion( Pg. 291)
12.Retina ldetac hme nt( Fe atur es-4F’ s-Floa t
e rs
,Fi e
ldl oss,Flas
hes,Fa i
li
ng
acuity)(Pg.295)
[Treatme ntofRe tinalDe ta chme nt“ 6S” .
Se ali
ngofr eti
nalbreaks,,
SRF
drai
na ge( SRFi sSubr e tinalf l
u id),Scle ralbuckling,SF6pne uma tic
ret
ino pexy,Se ctioni ngvi treous( vi t
re c
t omy) ,la
serpr ophylaxi
s]
13.Retinobl astoma (Pg. 300) (DDf orl eucoc or ia
)Cl assifi
cati
on-ABCDE-
smAl l(<3mm) ,Bi gge r(3mmma c ulars ubre t
inalfluid),Contai
ne dseeds,
Diffuses eeds (>3mm) ,Ext ens i
ve (>50%gl obe,opa queme dia,NVI )
14.Softe xuda tes
15.Sync hisissc intillans
 16.Medullat
e dnervef i
bre
17.Enucle
ation(Pg.304)
18.CMVr e
tiniti
s(Pg.165,
267)
19.Compl i
cationofhi ghmyopia
,Ci
rci
nat
ere
ti
nopa
thy,Be
rli
n’soe
dema
20.Ret
inoschisis
(Pg.286)

VI
SIONANDNEUROOPTHALMOLOGY
SHORTNOTES

1.Toxica mbl yopi as(316)

2.AION( 317)
3.Papil
lede ma (319)
4.Optica trophy-ICI NG: [
Is c
haemi a,
Compr esse
dne r
ve,I
ntra
crani
alpress
ure
[r
ais ed],
Ne uriti
shi s
tory,Glaucoma )](
322)
5.DDsofni ghtblindne s
s( 325)
6.Colourbl i
ndne ss(325)
7.Ama uros is(
327)
8.Ambl yopi a(I
MPT)( 327,316,339)
9.Hemi anopi a(310)
10.Abnor ma l
it
iesofPupi lla
ryreactions-
AWEMAAd
Ama urotic,We r
nicke’shemianopic,
Eff
e r
entpupi
lla
rydefect
,Ma r
cus
gunnpupi l
,ArgyllRoberts
onpupil,Adie’
stonicpupi
l)(312)
11.Ma rcus -Gunnpu pil(3 12)
12.Hutchi nson’spu pi l(332)
13.Pupilsa ndme cha nismofpupi ll
a ryref
lexe
s(RAPD)( 314)
14.Cave rnouss inus-Ana tomya ndAs s
osia
tedSyndromes.(
414)
15.3rdne rvepa lsy. (
352)
16.Ocula rma nifestationsofh eadinjury.
(332)
17.Fiel
dc hange sinpi tuitorytumour s.(
(322)
18.Tubul arvision.
ESSAY
1.Opt i
cne urit
is(314)

STRABI
SMUS&NYSTAGMUS

SHORTNOTES
1.St
rabi
smus(
340)
2.Ps
eudostr
abi
smus(
341)
 3.C/fofPa r
alyti
cs t
rabi
smus((351)
4.Diffb/wpa ral
yti
c&nonpa ral
yti
cs t
rabi
smus(
354)
5.Nystagmus( 356)
6.I
nternalophthalmople
gia(353)
7.Conve r
gent&di vergents
quint(345)

DISEASEOFTHEEYELI DS
SHORTNOTES
1.Blepha r
itis(364)
2.Hor deolume xte
rnum( 366)
3.Hor deolumi nt
ernum(368)
4.Cha lazi
on- Ma nagement(I&C)(
368)
5.Trichiasis(369)
6.Ectropion( 373)
7.Entropion( 370)
8.Symbl epha ron(376)
9.Lagopht halmos( 377)
10.
Blepha r
os pas m(378)
11.
Ptosis(378)
12.
Xa nthel
a sma( 382)

DI
AGRAM
1.Ana
tomyofEye
li
d(359)

LACRI MALAPPARATUS
SHORTNOTES
1.Str
uc t
ur eoft earfil
m( 388)
2.Ca usesoft e arfi
lmi nst
abil
it
y(389)
3.Dr ye ye( 389)
4.Wa t
eringe ye( 391)
5.Da cryoc ystit
is(393)
6.Hydr opsofl acri
ma lsac(401)
7.La crima la bscess(396)
8.La crima lfistul
a( 396)
9.Ma na geme ntofc ongenit
aldac
rocys
ti
ti
s(394)
10.Mxofa /c&c /
cda crocys
tit
is(
396)
11.DCR&DCT( 397,400)
DI
AGRAMS
· La
cri
mala
ppar
atu
s(387)
. Te
arfi
lm(
388)

DI SEASESOFTHEORBI T
SHORTNOTES
1.Pr optosis( 405)
2.Sur gicalspa c e
soft heor bit(405)
3.Or bit
a lmuc ormyc os is(413 )
4.Ca vernouss inust hrombos is(414)
5.Or bit
a lblowoutf ra ct
ur es(425)
6.Type sa ndc aus e
sofor bitalinfl
a mma ti
on(410)
7.Bone sf ormi ngme dialwa llofor bit(
403)
8.DDsofA/ ci nflamma toryPr optosis-
Ca vernouss inusthr ombos i
s,Orbitalc
ell
ulit
is
,Panophthalmit
is(407)
9.Pe ri
or bi
talc e l
luli
tis:Etiology:SIGHT: Sinusi
ti
s,Ins ec
tBite,
Globul a
r/Glandul
ar
Spread,He ma t
ologi calsprea d,
Tra uma(411)
ESSAY
1.Or bit
a lcelluliti
s( 411)
2.Gr ave s’
sopt halmopa t
hy: .
..
NOSPECSCl ass
ifi
cation;
Clini
calfeatures
-
ONExa mi ningLi dEKOCP( OpticNe urit
is,
Exophtha l
mos ,
Lidsigns,Exposur
e
Ke r
atiti
s,Oc cularmot il
ityde fect
s ,
Conjuncti
valsigns,Pa
pill
arysigns)(417)

DI
AGRAMS
1. Wa l
lsofOrbi
t( 404)
2. Superi
ororbi
talfis
sur
e(404)
3. Orbi
talape
x
4. Orbi
talSpace
s( 406)

OCULARI NJ URI ES
SHORTNOTES
1.Extraocula
rf oreignbodies(430)
2.Traumaticlesionsofc ont
usioninj
ury(
431
)
3.Be r
li
n’soe dema( 434)
4.Sideros
isbulbi( 438)
5.Cha l
cosis(438)
6.Sympa t
he t
icopht ha l
mit
is(441)
7.Intr
aocularforeignbodies(436)
8.Iri
dodialys
is( 432)
 9.Roset
teca
tar
act(433)
10.
Ult
ras
oundinophthal
mol
ogy(
522)

BASICPRI NCI PLESOFOCULARTHERAPY

SHORTNOTES
1.Acyc l
ovi r( 449)
2.Anti
gl auc omadr u gs( 451)
3.Cort
icos teroids( 456)
4.Viscoelas t
ics ubs tance s(458)
5.Regiona la nae st
he sia( 603)
6.Topicalmydr iat
ics( 582)
7.Drugsc aus ingt oxi cambl yopi
a(316)
8.Lasersinopht hal
mol ogy:Me nti
ontwous esofNdYagLa s
er(
UQ)(
460)
9.Oculars idee ff e
ctsofTBDRUGS( 470)
10.
Che mot he rapyofRe tinoblast
oma( 303)
11.
Botulinumt oxini nOpht ha
lmology( 378)
12.
Ca r
boni ca nhydr asei nhibit
ors&i tsadvers
eeff
ect
s(454)
13.
Immunos uppr essivesf orpost-
uveit
is(156)
14.
Antifunga ls(450)
15.
Antime t
a bolites,Cyc losporin
16.
Intr
a came ralme d ications(446)
17.
Rout esofdr uga dmi nis t
rat
ion(445)
18.
Atropine( 99,156)
19.
Mydr iatic s&Cyc lopl egics
(99,156)
20.
Ke t
oc ona z ole(451)

SYSTEMI COPTHALMOLOGY
SHORTNOTES
1.Diabe t
esme llit
us(191, 274)
2.Xeropht ha
lmi a[WHOc las
sifi
cat
ion(NCBC CuT CSF- Nightbli
ndnes
s,
Corne lxerosis,Bit
ots pots,Conjuncti
valxer
osis,Corne
alUlcerat
ioni
nvolvi
ng
one-thirdofc ornealsurface,Cornealscar
,Xerophthal
micFundus)
](463)
3.Vit
a mi nAt herapya ndpr ophyla
xis(465)
4.Cause sofblindne s
si nc hi
ldren.
(477)
5.Ocula rmanifes t
at
ionsofConne cti
vetiss
uedisorders
COMMUNI TYOPHTHALMOLOGY
SHORTNOTES
1.Avoidablebl i
ndne ss
2.NPCB( 479)
3.Dist
ric
tbl i
ndne s sc ont
rolsoci
e t
y(480)
4.Cornealblindne ss( 483)
5.Visi
on2020( 481)
6.Eyebank( 487)
7.Causesofpr e
ve nta bl
eblindne
s s
CLINICALESSAYS
1.56yearoldma nwhoc a
mef orcha ngeofh i
sglas
seswasf
oundt
oha
ver
ais
ed
I
OPa ndopt i
cdi scc upping.
(
Jul
y,2010)
1) Wha tisthemos tprobabl
edi agnosis
?
2) Wha taret hediffere
ntme t
hodsofme as
uringI
OP?
3) Li stthevi s ualfi
elddefect
shemi ghtha
ve?
4) Di scus sthema nagementofs uchac ase
.

2.A10ye aroldgirlgiveshis
tor
yofr e
c urrentatt
acksofre dnes
sofbotheyes.O/
E
foundtohaveBa ndkerat
opathya nde videnceofc /
ciridocycl
it
is.(
June2009,
Ma rc
h2006)
1) Wha tisthemos tprobablee t
iology?( St
ill
’sdis
ea se)
2) Na me4c a usesandspecifi
cfe aturesofgranul
oma t
ousir
idocycl
it
is
.
3) Wha tarethec omplica
tionsofi ridocycl
iti
s?
4) Di s
cusstheDDsa ndma na
ge me ntofA/ ciri
docyc l
it
is
.

3.A45ye a
roldfemaleprese
ntedwi ths eve
reheadaches,vomi
ti
nga
ssoc
iat
ed
withuni
lat
era
lredness,pa
ina nddi minuti
onofvision
. (
Jul
y,
2006)
1) Wha tistheprobabl
edi agnosis?
2) Na me4c ausesforsuddenl ossofvisi
on.
3) 3DDsofa cuteredeyea ndhowt odiff
ere
ntiat
e.
4) Di sc
ussthema nagementoft hispat
ient
.

4.A60ye
a rol
dladypresente
dwi t
hgr
adua
lpr
ogr
ess
ivel
ossofvis
ion,bot
he ye
s.
1) Wha taret
hecaus e
sa ndDDs
? (
Augus t
,2007)
2) Invest
gati
ons.
3) Indi
cati
onsforsurger
y.
4) Surgic
alproce
dur e
.
5.A70yearoldma nwi t
hApha kiainhisri
ghteyeandmatur
ecat
ara
ctinthel
eft
eyepr
esentswithasuddenons etofpai
na ndre
dnessi
nthepha
kiceye.
1) Wha tisyourdiagnosis?
2) Clinica
lf e
atur
esofa phakia?
3) Di sa
dvantagesofaph a
kicglass
es?
4) Howwi llyouma nagethiscase
?

6.30ye a
roldma l
ep r
esentedwithf ever
,heada
che,unil
at
era
ls wel
li
ngofl
idsand
chemosi
s.Heha spr
optosisal
s o. (
August
,
2005)
1) Wha tisthemos tprobablediagnos
is?
2) Me nti
on4c ausesofpropt osi
s.
3) De scr
ibethetypesandc ausesoforbi
tali
nfl
amma t
ion.
4) Di sc
ussthecompl i
cati
onsa ndtrea
tmentofthi
spat
ient.

7.Amanua
llabour
erpr
esent
swithpa
ina ndr
edne
ssinoneeyef
oll
owingtr
auma.
Exa
minat
ionshowsaconges
tedpai
nfuley
ewithawhit
eopaci
tyonthecor
nea
.

1) Whati
syourdiagnosi
s? (
Dec
2004)
2) Howwillyouconfi
rmyourdiagnosi
s?
3) Whata
retheinvest
iga
ti
onsthatyouwilldo?
4) Whata
rethecomplica
tionst
hatyouexpect?

8.Aoneyea
roldisbr
oughtwit
hwh it
erefle
xinpupil
la
ryarea
sofbot
heyes
1) Whatar
eyourDDs?(reti
nobla
stoma,c
ongenit
alc
atar
act
,ROP)
(Jul
y
2004)
2) Whatar
ethei
nvest
iga
tionstha
tyouwilldo?
3) Di
scus
sindet
ailt
hetr
ea t
mentofanyoneofyourDDs .

9.A10yearo
ldboywithh/oha yfeve
rpresentedwit
hc ompl
ai
ntsofi
tc
hing
sens
ati
oni
neyes,r
opydischargewithseasonalva
ria
ti
on. (Apri
l
2002)
1) Wha ti
syourprobabl
edi a
gnosis
?
2) Wha ta
retheDDs ?
3) Wha tt
rea
tmentyoua dvic
e?
4) Wha ta
retheproba
blec ompli
cat
ions?
10.Anadul
tmal
epres
entsbe
foreyouwi t
htheh/ode
fect
iveni
ghtvis
ionsi
nce
bi
rt
h.
1) Dis
cus
stheDDs. (
Oct
2003)
2) Dis
cus
sthef
unduspict
urei
nRP.
3) Dis
cus
sther
oleofgenet
iccounsel
lingi
nher
edi
taryr
eti
naldis
eas
es.
4) Whati
sthet
reat
mentofret
inobl
astoma?

11.Ama na ged60year
spr es
entswit
hpai
nle
sspr
ogr
ess
ivel
ossofvi
si
oninbot
h
eyes,notimprovi
ngwi t
hg l
asse
s. (
June
2003)
1) Wha ti
syourdiagnosi
s?
2) Wha ta
retheDDs ?
3) Wha ta
retheadvanta
gesofIOL?
4) Wha ti
saft
ercatar
act
?

12.A30ye a r
syoungma l
epresent
edwithco
mpl
ai
ntsofs
udde
npa
inl
essl
ossof
vis
ionandsuf f
eredfr
omt uberc
ulos
is. (J
uly
2001)
1) Pr obableDiagnosi
s
2) Di ffe
renti
alDiagnosis
3) Inve st
igat
ions
4) Tr eat
me ntofEale’
sDi se
ase.

13.A25yearoldfe malepresent
e dwithlossofvisi
oninLEof2da ysdurat
ion.
Ther
ewasassociate
dpa inonmove me ntsoftheeye.Onobs ervati
on,vis
ionin
t
heLEwa s2/60a ndREwa s6/6.Therewa sRAPDi nLE.Funduse xaminat
ion
wasWNLi nbot heyes.Noot herposi
tivefi
ndings
1) Dia
gnos i
s
2) Mentionfourc a
us esofsuddenpa i
nles
slossofvisioninonee ye.
3) Howwi l
lyoue l
icitRAPD?Me nti
ontwoot hercondit
ionswh er
eyou
will getRAPD.
4) Howwi l
lyouma nagethispati
ent?(Retr
obulbarNe ur
iti
s)
14.A5mont holdc h
i l
dwa sbroughtbyhismot herwit
hc ompl
aint
sofwat
eri
ng
a
n ddis
char
gef romLEf ort
hepa s
tthreemonths.Thecorne
aoftheLE
a
p pe
aredcl
ear.
1) Mos tproba blediagnos
is(Dacryocys
titi
s)
2) Di f
fer
entialDi agnosi
s
3) Howwi llyouma nagethi
sproblemnon- sur
gica
ll
y?
4) Wha tisthes urgicalmanagementofthiscase
?

15.A40ye aroldwoma nhascomet othecasualtywithcomplaint

sofs
udden
onse
tofpain,re dnessanddimunit
ionofv i
sionofonee ye.Shehashea
dache
andvomit
inga lso.
1) Proba bleDi agnosi
s(acuteangl
eclosureglaucoma)
2) Wha ta ret hecommo nc a
usesofpaina ndrednessi
ne yes?
3) Howwi llyoudi f
fer
enti
atethem?
4) Wha ti sthet r
eatmentofAcuteIri
docyc li
ti
s?

16.A10ye a
roldma l
echil
disbroughttotheOPDwi thcomplai
ntsofdef
ect
ive
vi
si
on,morei
nonee yedet
e c
tedatschool
1) Wha ti
sthemostli
kelyDiagnos i
s?
2) Wha ta
rethecommo nRe f
ract
ivee r
rorsinc
hildren?
3) Wha ta
llte
styouwilldoandhowwi l
lyoucorre
c tt
hes
eerror
s?
4) Wha ta
rethetr
atmentopti
onsa vai
lablet
ocorrectMyopia?

17.58yea
roldma lewit
hs enil
ec ort
ic
a lca
tar
act
,onede vel
ope
dpai
n&re
dne
ss.
Exa
minat
ionreveal
edsha l
lowa nteri
orchamber,pr
essur
e47mmHg
1) Wha ti
syourdiagno s
is?
2) Wha ta
retheme asurestobringdownI OP?
3) Wha ti
sthema nageme nt?
4) Whe nwillyoudos urgery?

18.A60ye aroldla
dywi t
huni l
ate
ralwa
ter
ingofeye
sonexaminat
ion
r
egurgi
tat
iontes
tshowe dpus
1)Wha ti
syourdiagnosis
?
2)Wh atar
etheothe
rs i
gnsyouexp
ectandho
wwi l
lyouco
n f
ir
mt he
diagno
s i
s?
3)Wha tar
ethecompl i
cat
ions?
4)Wha ti
sthema nagement?
 19.A10yearoldboypr esente
dwi t
has mal
lgreynodul
eatthel
imbus
,the
rewa
s
l
oca
li
sedconjunct
ivalconges t
ion?
1)Wha tisyourclinic
aldi a
gnosis
?
2)Wha tareyourdi f
fer
ent i
aldia
gnosi
s?
3)Wha totherocularle
sionswi l
lyoulookinthi
spat
ie
nt?
4)Wha tisthema nageme nt?

20.Anewbornchil
dbroughtwit
hwa t
eri
ngf r
ome ye
s?
1)Whatarethet
hr e
emostimport
antcauses
?
2)Howwi l
lyouc ometodefi
nit
ediagnosi
s?
3)Dis
cussthemana ge
mentofanyoneofthem?

Name4:
1.Indi
cati
onsoftar
soraphy:7thner
vepalsy
,gravesopthal
mopathy,assi
stheal
ingofa
nonheal
ingul
cer,
assi
sthealingofski
nggr af
tsofli
dsinthecorr
ectposit
ion

2.4di
fferent
ialdi
agnosi
sforret
inobl
ast
oma:
Congeni
tal
cat
aract
,Coat
sdi
sease,
Ret
rolent
alfi
bropl
asi
a,
Reti
naldyspl
asi
a

3.4causesofl
imbalnodul
e:Der
moi
d,
phl
yct
en,
for
eingnbodygr
anul
oma,
nodul
ar
scl
eri
ti
s

4.Test
sforcol
ourvisi
on:i
shihar
a’schar
ts,
edr
idgegr
eenl
ant
ernt
est
,f
arnswor
th
munsel
l10huetest,
nagelanomaloscope

5.Causesoft ransi
entvi
suall
oss:
Embolif
rom atheroscl
eroti
ccaroti
dimpacti
ngon
ophthalmicarter
yorcent
ralr
eti
nal
art
ery,
migraine,
raynaud’
sdisease,gi
antcel
l
art
erit
is,

6.Causesofhy
phaema:
Ocul
art
rauma,
sur
ger
y,r
eti
nobl
ast
oma,
l
eukemi
a

7.Predi
sposi
ngfact
orsforret
inal
det
achment
:Vi
tr
eoust
ract
ionbands,
Ret
inal
degener
ati
ons,
myopi
a,
t r
auma

8.Cl
ini
calsi
gnsofv
it.
Adef
ici
ency
:l
ossofcor
neal
lust
re,
bit
otsspot
s,ker
atomal
aci
a

9.Causesofsubl
uxat
ionoflens:Mar
fan’
ssy
ndr
ome,
homocy
sti
nur
ia,
sul
phat
eoxi
dase
def
ici
ency,
Weil
marchesanisyndr
ome

10.Funduschangesindegenerati
vemy opi
a:l
aquercr
acks,
fost
erf
uch’
sspot
s,
temporal
crescent
,tessel
l
atedfundus

11.Causesoff
lashesandf l
oaters:
Reti
naldet
achment
,Post
eri
orvit
reous
det
achment,
prol
if
erat
ivediabeti
cret
inopat
hy,
vi
tr
eoushemorrhage
12.Causesofxer
osi
s:sj
ogr
ens’
ssy
ndr
ome,
vit
.adef
ici
ency
,l
agopt
hal
mos,
reduced
bl
inki
ngrat
e

13.Causesofprev
ent
abl
ebl
indness:
Trachoma,
vi
tadef
ici
ency
,ref
ract
ive
er
rors,
gl
aucoma

14.Cli
nicalsignsofvernalker
atoconjuct
ivi
ts:Papi
l
laei
ntheuppertarsal
conj
unct i
va,hor
nertrant
asspots,gell
ikeadhesi
onofthet
issuesinli
mbus,
super
fi
cial
punctuatekerati
ti
s

15.Sy
stemicdi
seasesassoci
atedwit
hcat
aract
:Di
abet
esmel
l
itus,
Atopi
cder
mat
it
is,
Wil
sonsdi
sease,Gal
act
ossemia

16.Causesofent
ropi
on:
oldage,
chemi
cal
bur
ns,
faci
alner
vepal
sy,
tr
achoma

17.Name4congeni
tal
cat
aract
s:cat
aract
apul
ver
ulent
a,l
amel
l
arcat
aract
,bl
uedot
cat
aract
,

18.Dr
ugscausi
ngt
oxi
copt
icneur
opat
hy:
Quni
ne,
Ethambut
ol,
Ethanol
,
Met
hanol

19.Compli
cat
ionsofuvei
ti
s:Glaucoma,
Compl
i
cat
edcat
aract
,Ret
inal
det
achment,
Pht
hisi
sbulbi

20.Causesoffol
li
cul
arconj
uncti
vi
ti
s:acut
ebact
eri
alconj
unct
ivi
ti
s,t
rachoma,
i
ncl
usi
on
conj
unct
ivi
ti
s,
moll
uscum cont
agi
osum

21.Uni
ocul
ardi
plopi
a:i
ntumescentcat
aract
,ir
idodi
aly
sis,
subl
uxat
ionoft
hel
ens,
pol
ycor
ia

22.Complicat
ionsofa/cor
bit
alcel
lul
it
is:
Orbi
tal
apexsy
ndr
ome,
Super
ioror
bit
alf
issur
e
syndr
ome, caver
noussi
nusthr
ombosis,meni
ngi
ti
s

23.Causesofcherryredspot
:taysach’
sdi
sease,
cent
ral
ret
inal
vei
noccl
usi
on,
sandhof
f’
sdisease,

24.Featuresofbupt
hal
mos:
Cor
neal
enl
argement
,cor
neal
edema,
Haab’
sst
ri
ae,
deep
anteri
orchamber

25.Causesofuni
later
aldi
scedema: Opti
cneur
it
is,
fost
erkennedi
syndr
ome,
orbi
tal
apexsyndr
ome,pseudofost
erkennedysy
ndrome

26.Causesorr
ubeosisir
ir
dis:diabet
icr
eti
nopat
hy,
si
ckl
ecel
lanaemi
acent
ral
ret
inal
vei
n
occl
usi
on,
chroni
ciri
docycl
iti
s

27.Corneallesi
onsofherpessimplex:
punct
ateepi
thel
i
alker
ati
ti
s,dendr
it
icul
cer
,
geographi
culcer
,l
ossofcorneal
sensati
on

28.Fiel
ddefect
sofPOAG: par
acent
ral
scot
oma,
siedel
’
sscot
oma,
arcuat
escot
oma,
ronne’
scent
ral
nasal
step

29.Causesofbi
lat
eralpr
opt
osi
s:t
hyr
oidopt
hal
mopat
hy,
cav
ernoussi
nust
hrombosi
s
30.Causesofunil
ater
alpr
optosi
s:orbi
tal
cel
lul
it
s,mucoceleoft
hef
ront
alandet
hmoi
d
si
nus,pr
imar
ytumoursofeyebal
l
,congeni
tal
cyst
iceyeball

31.Causesofi
nter
sti
ti
alker
ati
ti
s:sy
phi
l
is,
TB,
Cogan’
ssy
ndr
ome,
sar
coi
dosi
s

32.Indi
cati
onsforpenetrat
ingkerat
opl
asty:
pseudophaki
cbul
l
ousker
atopat
hy,
nonheal
ingulcer
s,cor
nealdyst
rophi
es,
cornealopaci
ti
es

33.Causesofcolor
edhaloes:
acut
econgest
ivegl
aucoma,
cat
aract
,ot
hercondi
ti
ons
causi
ngcornealedema

34.Causesofni
ghtbli
ndess:v
it.Adef
iecency,Ret
ini
ti
spi
gment
osa,
Lat
est
agesof
gl
aucoma,congeni
talst
ati
onaryni
ghtbli
ndness

35.Causesofpt
osi
s:3rdner
vepal
sy,
myast
heni
agr
avi
s,hor
ner
’ssy
ndr
ome,
congeni
tal

36.Causesofgr
anul
omat
ousuv
eit
is:
Tuber
cul
osi
s,sy
phi
l
is,
Sympat
het
icopt
hal
mia,

37.Feat
uresofaphaki
a:j
etbl
ackpupi
l
,2pur
kinj
eimages,
iri
dodonesi
s,shal
l
owac

38.Causesofpapi
loedema:meningit
is,
i
ntr
acr
ani
alt
umour
s,cav
ernoussi
nus
thr
ombosis,
i
ntr
acrani
alabscess

1
.Ca
use
so fco l
ouredhalos
:
•Ac uteConge st
iveGlauc
oma
•Imma t
urec a
tar
a c
t
•Ac utemuc opurul
entconj
unct
ivi
tis
•Cor nealedema
•Pigme ntaryGlaucoma(i
nte
rmitt
entgl
auc
oma
)

2
.Te
stsf
orma cularf
un c
ti
o n
:
•Colourpe rcep
tion
•Ams lergridtes
t
•Twol ightdiscr
iminati
ont
est
•Ma ddoxr odtest
•Entopticvisual
isat
ion

3
.Or
gan
ismstha
tp e
n e
tra
tet
hei
nta
ctc
orn
ea:
•Me ni
ngococcus
•Gonococcus
•Coryneba
c t
eri
um

4
.Ca
use
sofl
imb
aln
odu
le
 •Phl
ycten
•Nodulars
cle
rit
is
•Nodulare
pisc
ler
iti
s
•Li
mba lder
mo i
d
•For
eignbodygranul
oma

5
.Ca
use
so fla
g ophthal
mos
•Orbiculari
soc ul
ipa
lsy
•Proptosis
•Severede gr
e e
sofectr
opi
on
•Symbl epharon

6
.Ca
use
sofc h er
ryredsp otatmacul
a(Co
de:CSBTGM MrNi
ema
nn-
Pic
k):
•CRAO
•Sandhof f’
sdisease
•Berl
in’ sedema
•Tay-Sa ch’sdise
ase
•Gauche r’sdis
e a
se
•MultipleSulfatas
ede fic
iency
•Me t
ac hromaticleukodystr
ophy
•Niema nn-Pick’sdisease

7
.Ca
use
sofg r
anulo
ma tou
su v
eit
is:
•Bact
eriali
nfect
ionsli
keTB,s yphi
li
s,b
ruc
ell
osi
s
•Sarc
oidosi
s
•Sympa t
het
icophthalmi
a
•Vogt-Koyanagi
-Ha r
adasyndr
ome

8
.Sy
ste
micasso
c i
ati
onsofEctopi
ale
nti
s(
Cod
e:Wo
men
’sHo
ste
lHa
sMESS)
:
•We il
-Marchesanis
yndrome
•Homoc ysti
nuri
a
•Hype r
lys
inemia
•Ma rf
ansyndrome
•Ehler-
Danlossyndrome
•Su l
phi
teoxidasedefi
ci
ency
•Stic
klersyndr
ome

9
.Sy
ste
mi cas
soc
iat
ion
sofRet
ini
ti
sPig
me nt
osa:
•La ure
nceMoonBeidls
yndrome:RP,pol
yda
ctyl
y,Me
nta
lre
tar
dat
ion,
 hypogona di
sm,obe si
ty
•Abe tali
popr ot
einemia(ne
uroaca
nthocyt
osis
)
•Re fsumdi sease
( code=NADI R)
:neur
op at
hy,a
taxi
a,de
afne
ss,i
ct
hyos
is,
RP
•Us hers yndrome :RP+SNHL
1
0.DDo fn i
gh tbl
indness:
•Idiopathicnyctalopia
•Re ti
nitisPigment osa
•Vi t
a minAde fi
ciency
•Gl aucoma
• Conge nit
alStationar
yNi ghtBl
indne
s s

1
1 .
Comp li
cat
ionsofCo r
nealUl
cer
DESPFACEHa emorr
hage-Eye
D-De scemetocoel
e E-Ectas
ia
S-SecondaryGlaucoma P-Perf
orat
ion,Pseudoc
orne
a
F-Fist
ula A-Anteri
orstaphyloma
C-Ca t
aract E-Expulsi
ono flens
H-Vi t
reousHa e
mor r
hage E-Panopht
ha l
mitis