1) 0.2 units, 1.

25 units along -ve x-axis

LEVEL - I - (H. W) 2) 0.2 units, 1.25 units along +ve x-axis
3) 0.4 units,1.25 units along -ve x-axis
4) 0.4 units, 1.25 units along +ve x-axis
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGRESSIVE 8. If Young’s modulus of the material of a
WAVE
rod is 2  1011 Nm 2 and density is 8000kg m 3 ,
1. A longitudinal progressive wave is given by the time taken by a sound wave to traverse
the equation y = 5x10-2 sin  (400 t + x). The 1m of the rod is
amplitude and wave length of the wave are (y, 1) 1.11 × 10–4s 2) 3 × 10–4s
x are in m) 3) 2 × 10 s–4
4) 1 × 10–4s
1) A = 5x10-2m,   2m 2) A = 5x10-2m,   3m 9. A string of length 10.0 m and mass 1.25 kg is
3) A = 5x10-2m,   4m 4) A = 5x10-2m,   5m stretched with a tension of 50 N. If a transverse
2. The equation of a wave is pulse is created at one end of the string, the
time taken by it to reach the other end is
  x  1) 0.5 s 2) 1.0 s 3) 1.5 s 4) 2.0 s
y  4sin   2t    where y , x are in cm
2  8  10. The linear density of a vibrating string is
and time in seconds. The acceleration of 1.3 × 10 –4 kg/m. The transverse wave
particle located at x  8cm and t  1sec is propagating along the string is described by
y = 0.021 sin (x+30t) where x is in meter and t
1) 4 2 cm / s 2 2) 4 2 cm / s 2 is in second. The tension in the string is
3) 16 2 cm / s 2 4) 16 2 cm / s 2 1)0.12 N 2) 0.48 N 3)1.2N 4) 4.8N
3. The equation of a transverse wave is 11. The extension in a string, obeying Hooke’s law
y = a sin 2  [t-(x/5)], then the ratio of maximum is x. The speed of sound in the stretched string
particle velocity and wave velocity is is V. If the extension in the string is increased
2a to 2x then speed of sound will be
2a a
1) 2) 3) 4) 2a 5 1) 1.5V 2) 4.14 V 3) 1.414 V 4) 2V
5 5 5 PRINCIPLE OF SUPER POSITION,
4. The frequency of a tuning fork is 256Hz. The
velocity of sound in air is 344ms 1 . The INTERFERENCE AND STATIONARY
distance travelled (in metres) by the sound WAVES ON STRETCHED STRINGS.
during the time in which the tuning fork 12. The speed of transverse waves in a stretched
completes 32 vibrations is string is 700cm/s. If the string is 2m long, the
1) 21 2) 43 3) 86 4) 129 frequency with which it resonates in
5. A progressive wave moves with a velocity of fundamental mode is
36 m/s in a medium with a freqency of 200 Hz. 1) (7/12)Hz 2) (7/4)Hz 3) 14Hz 4) (2/7)Hz
The phase difference between two particles 13. The length of a sonometer wire is 90 cm and
separeted by a distance of 1 cm is the stationary wave setup in the wire is
0 represented by an equation
   y = 6sin(  x/30) cos (250  t) where x, y are
1) 40 0 2) 20rad 3) rad 4)   in cm and t is in second. The distances of
9 9
6. A standing wave set up in a medium is successive antinodes from one end of the wire
are
 x  1) 22.5 cm, 67.5 cm 2) 15 cm, 30 cm, 60cm
y  4 cos   sin 40 t where x, y are in cm and
 3  3) 15 cm, 45 cm,75cm 4) 30 cm, 45 cm, 60cm
t in sec The velocity of medium particle at x 14. A sonometer consists of two wires of same
=6cm at t=1/8 sec is length, same material whose radii are in the
1) 40 cm / s 2) 80 cm / s ratio 2:3. The ratio of tension in two wire if
their fundamental freqencies are equal is
3) 120 cm / s 4) - 160 cm / s 1) 1:4 2) 2:3 3) 9:4 4) 4:9
SPEED OF A TRAVELLING WAVE 15. The bridge of a sonometer is slightly displaced
7. The equation of a wave pulse is given as so that the length of wire is decreased by 0.5%
and tension in the wire is increased by 1%.
0.8 The fundamental frequency of wire
y
 4 x  5t   4 the amplitude and velocity 1) increases by 1% 2) decreases by 1%
of the pulse are 3) increases by 1.5% 4) decreases by 1.5%

1
16. A segment of wire vibrates with a fundamental
frequency of 450Hz under a tension of 9kg
weight. Then tension at which the fundamental
frequency of the same wire becomes 900Hz is
1) 36 kg wt 2) 27 kg wt 3)18 kg wt 4)72 kg wt
17. In an experiment, the string vibrates in 4 loops
when 50 gm wt is placed in pan of weight 15
gm. To make the string vibrate in 6 loops the
weight that has to be removed from the pan is
approximately
1) 72 gm 2) 36 gm 3) 21 gm 4) 29 gm
18. Two vibrating strings of the same material but
lengths L and 2L have radii 2r and r
respectively. They are stretched under the
same tension. Both the strings vibrate in their
fundamental modes, the one of length L with
frequency v1 and the other with frequency v2 .
v1
The ratio v is given by
2 of sound in air is 340 ms-1, then the minimum
1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 4) 1
19. A stretched string of length 2m is found to
vibrate in resonance with a tuning fork of
frequency 420 Hz. The next higher frequency
for which resonance occurs is 490 Hz. The
velocity of the transverse wave along this
string is
1) 140 m/s 2) 360 m/s 3) 340 m/s 4) 280 m/s
20. Two uniform stretched strings A and B, made
of steel are vibrating under the same tension.
If the first overtone of A is equal to the second
overtone of B and if the radius of A is twice
that of B, the ratio of the lengths of the strings
is [E-2011]
1) 2 : 3 2) 1 : 2 3) 1 : 3 4) 1 : 4
SOUND AND VELOCITY OF SOUND
21. If the speed of sound is changed by 1 percent,
the temperature of air near 0°C be changed is
1) 5oC 2) 6oC 3) 5.5oC 4) 6.5oC
22. The ratio of speed of sound wave in Neon to
that in H2O vapours at any temperature is
1) 9/8 2) 3/ 2 2 3) 3/2 4) 3/4
23. In a class of 100 students each shouting at 100
dB. Find noise level of class?
1) 10dB 2) 100dB 3) 12dB 4) 120dB
ORGAN PIPES
24. The air column in a pipe which is closed at one
end will be in resonance with a vibrating tuning
fork at a frequency 260Hz, if the length of the
air column is (speed of sound in air = 330ms 1 )
1) 31.73cm 2) 62.5cm 3) 35.75cm 4) 12.5cm
25. A cylinderical tube open both ends has a
fundamental frequency ‘n’ in air. The tube is
dipped vertically in water so that one - fourth
of it is immersed in water. The fundamental
frequency of air column is
1) 3n 2) 2n/3 3) n/3 4) n
26. An open pipe and a closed pipe are in
resonance with each other with their first
overtones. The ratio of their lengths are
1) 4:3 2) 3:4 3) 1:3 4) 3:1
27. A pipe of length 85cm closed from one end.
Find then number of possible natural oscilla-
tions of air column in the pipe whose frequen-
cies lie below 1250Hz. The velocity of sound
in air is 340 m/s. [JEE Main 2014]
1) 12 2) 8 3) 6 4) 4
28. A tuning fork of frequency 340 Hz is vibrated
just above a cylindrical tube of length 120 cm.
Water is slowly poured in the tube. If the speed
height of water required for resonance is
(TS EAMCET-2016)
1) 25 cm 2) 45 cm 3) 75 cm 4) 95 cm
29. An organ pipe P1, closed at one end and
containing a gas of density 1 is vibrating in
its first harmonic. Another organ pipe P2, open
at both ends and containing a gas of density
2 is vibrating in its third harmonic. Both the
pipes are in resonance with a given tuning
fork. If the compressibility of gases is equal
in both pipes, the ratio of the lengths of P1 and
P 2 is (assume the given gases to be
monoatomic) [E-2010]
1 1 1 2
1
1) 2) 3 3) 6  4) 6 
3 2 1
BEATS
30. When tuning forks A and B are sounded
together 5 beats per second are heard.
Frequency of A is 250 Hz. On loading A with
wax 2 beats per second are produced with B.
The frequency of B is
1) 255 Hz 2) 320 Hz 3) 245 Hz 4) 420 Hz
31. Two open pipes of length 20cm and 20.1cm
produces 10 beats/s. The velocity of sound in
the gas is
1) 804 ms–1 2) 402 ms–1 3) 420 ms–1 4) 330 ms–1
2
32. Two tuning forks have frequencies 200 Hz and
x. When they are sounded together 4 whistle of frequency 1000Hz. The frequency
beats / sec are heard. The value of x is
1) 200 Hz or 198 Hz 2) 196 Hz or 204 Hz
3) 205 Hz or 201 Hz 4) 200 Hz only
33. A tuning fork of frequency 480 Hz produces
10 beats per second when sounded with a
vibrating sonometer string. What must have
been the frequency of the string if a slight
increase in tension produces fewer beats per
second than before?
1) 460 Hz 2) 480 Hz 3) 490 Hz 4) 470 Hz
34. Five beats per second are produced with two
sound waves of frequencies in the ratio 21:20,
then their frequencies will be
1) 105 Hz and 100 Hz 2) 105 Hz and 110 Hz
3) 100 Hz and 105 Hz 4) 110 Hz and 105 Hz
35. An accurate and reliable audio oscillator is
used to standardise a tuning fork. When the
oscillator reading is 514, two beats are hear
per second. When the oscillator reading is 510,
the beat frequency is 6Hz. The frequency of
the tuning fork is
1) 506 2) 510 3) 516 4) 158
36. 25 tuning forks are arranged in decreasing
order of frequency. Any two successive forks
produce 3 beats/sec. If the freqency of the first
tuning fork is the octave of last, then freqency
of 21st fork is
1) 72Hz 2) 288Hz 3) 84Hz 4) 87Hz
37. A tuning fork produces 4 beats/s with a
sonometer wire when its lengths are 50 cm,
51cm. The frequency of that tuning fork is
1) 400 Hz 2) 404 Hz 3) 408 Hz 4) 412 Hz
38. In a closed tube when air column is 20 cm it is
in resonance with tuning fork A. When the
length is increased by 2 cm then the air column
is in resonance with tuning fork B. When A
and B are sounded together they produce 8
beats per second. The frequencies of the
tuning forks A and B are (in Hz)
1) 40, 44 2) 88, 80 3) 80, 88 4) 44, 40
DOPPLER EFFECT
39. A train is approaching a station with a uniform
velocity of 72 kmph and the frequency of the
whistle of that train is 480 Hz. The apparent
increase in the frequency of that whistle heard
by a stationary observer on the platform is
(Velocity of sound in air is340m/s)
1) 60 Hz 2) 45 Hz 3) 30 Hz 4) 15 Hz
40. A train is travelling at 120 kmph and blows a
of the note heard by a stationary observer if
the train is approaching him and moving away
from him are (Velocity of sound in air = 330
ms-1).
1) 1112Hz,908Hz 2) 908Hz,1112Hz
3) 1080Hz,820Hz 4) 820Hz,1080Hz
41. A source and an observer move away from
each other with speed of 10m/s with respect
to ground. Apparent frequency of the source
is 1950Hz. The natural frequency of the
source is (velocity of sound is 340m/s)
1) 2068Hz 2) 1832Hz3) 1950Hz 4) 1650Hz
42. An observer is moving on a circular path of
radius r with speed V0 around source kept at
centre. The apparant freqency observed by
observer is(n is actual freqency
1) greater than n 2) less than n
3) n 4) no sound is heard
43. A source of sound moves towards a listener with a
velocity equal to that of sound. If the source emits n
waves per second, then the listener moving away from
the source with the same velocity receives
1) n waves per sec 2) 2n waves per sec
3) zero waves per sec 4) n / 2
44. A source of sound and an observer are
approaching each other with the same speed
1
which is equal to times the speed of sound.
10
The apparent change in the frequency of the
source is
1) 22.2% increase 2) 22.2% decrease
3) 18.2% decrease 4) 18.2% decrease
45. A source of sound produces waves of wave
legnth 48 cm. This source is moving towards
north with speed 1/4 th that of sound .the
apparent wave length of the waves to an
observer standing south of the moving source
will be
1) 60 cm 2) 72 cm 3) 48 cm 4) 96 cm
46. A whistle producing sound waves of
frequencies 9500 Hz and above is approaching
a stationary person with speed Vms–1. The
velocity of sound in air is 300 ms–1. If the
person can bear frequencies upto a maximum
of 10,000 Hz, the maximum value of V upto
which he can hear the whistle is
15
1) 15 2ms 1 2) ms 1 3) 15ms1 4) 30ms1
2
3
47. A whistle of frequency 540 Hz rotates in a  2
horizontal circle of radius 2m at an angular 13. x   2 p  1 and 
4 K
speed of 15 rad/s. The highest frequency heard
by a listener at rest with respect to the centre 1 T T
of circle (velocity of sound in air = 330ms 1 ) 14. n    constant
2lr  r
(E-2007)
1) 590Hz 2) 594Hz 3) 598Hz 4) 602Hz T n 1 T l
48. If a source emitting waves of frequency 15. n    
l n 2 T l
f moves towards an observer with a velocity
v/3 and the observer moves away from the 16. n  T  M  T  Mg 
source with a velocity v/4, the apparent
frequency as heard by the observer will be (v P T
= velocity of sound) 17. nP   P T  constant, m1  65 gm
2l 
1) 9f/8 2) 8f/9 3) 3f/4 4) 4f/3
M 2  M 1  m  65  m
LEVEL - I ( H. W ) - KEY
1) 1 2) 1 3) 2 4) 2 5) 3 6)4 P M  constant  T  Mg 
7)1 8) 3 9) 1 10) 1 11) 3 12) 2
13) 3 14) 4 15) 1 16) 1 17) 2 18) 4 1 T 1
18. n  n
19) 4 20) 3 21) 3 22) 2 23) 4 24) 1 2lr  lr
25) 2 26) 1 27) 3 28) 2 29)4 30) 3
31) 1 32) 2 33) 4 34) 3 35) 3 36) 3 1 T
37) 2 38) 2 39) 3 40) 1 41) 1 42) 3 19. n  n p 1  n p 
2l m
43) 3 44) 1 45) 1 46) 3 47) 2 48) 1 20. Given, 1st overtone of A = 2nd overtone of B
LEVEL - I ( H. W ) - HINTS
1 T 3 T r2 3  l1 
1. Comparing with y  A sin  t  kx   2
    
l1 r1 d 2l2 r22 d r1 2  l2 
1 2
A = 5 × 10–2 m, K   m   
K V 1 T
2  x  21. V  T  
2. a  2 y  a      4 sin   t   V 2 T
 16 
RT 
 V  2 a 22. V  V 
3. VP max  a,V   VP max  5 M M
K 

NV  I2 
4. x  N  23.   2  1  10 log10  I 
n  1
2 2n
5.   x  x V V 330
 V 24. n  l    31.7cm
4l 4n 4  260
6. V p  A cos Kx cos  t
3l
7. At amplitude, displacement is maximum, i.e. at x=0, l2 
4
l1 = l
t=0. For same displacement l
4 x  5t  4  cons tan t  4dx  5dt  0 4

dx 25.
v
dt Open (n1 = n) Closed

Y l x V
8. V and t  9. t  2 V and n2  n V / 4l2
 V g n1  4l2  2 
2l1 n1 V / 2l1
2
2 26. The Ist overtone in open pipe is 2nd harmonic
10. T  V     
K 2V
nO2  .......... 1
T YAe V 7 2l0
11. V    V  e 12. n   Hz
Ist overtone in closed pipe is 3rd harmonic
 l 2l 4

4
 3V n  n2  4 ..........  2 
nC3  ..........  2  given that nO2  nC3
4lc
 n1  n2  8
 2 p  1V L 38. l1 = 20cm, l2 = 20 + 2 = 22cm
27.
4n n1 l2 22
28. If p is order of resonance, length of air columns  
 V n2 l1 20 ; n1 – n2 = 8
l   2 p  1  L and  
4 n  V  n ' VS
h = L – l2 39. n '  n  V  V   n  V  V
29. Frequency of closed organ pipe for first harmonic  S  S
v
n1  1  V 
4l1
40. While approaching n '  n  V  V 
Frequency of open organ pipe for third harmonic  S 
3v
n3  2 ; At resonance n = n  V 
2l2 1 3
While receeding n '  n  V  V 
30. n1 = 250 Hz, n2 = ?, n  5beats / s on loading  S 

wax n1 decreases  n1'  n1  and 1  V  V0 

n '  2beats / s  n '  n this is possible 41. n  n  V  V 
 s 
when n1  n2  n
V V
31. n1  n2  10    10
2l1 2l2 S
42. As line joining the observer and
32. n1 ~ n2  n  200 ~ nx  4 VO

 nx may be 204 (or) 196 Hz

source is lr to V0 at every position of observer 
33. n1 = 480 Hz, n2 = ?, n  10beats / s
doppler is not possible. n '  n
T '  T  n12  n2 as n2  T and given
43. When V0 = VS = V thus no wave reach the
n '  n , this is possible when n1  n2  n observer as V – V0 = 0
n2 21
34.   n2  n1  n  n   n  V  V0 
n1 20 2 1 V n'  
44. VS  V0  and n
35. n ~ n1 = 2 & n1 = 514 Hz 10  V  VS 
n ~ n2 = 6 & n2 = 510 Hz
This possible when n > n1 > n2 n ' n
 n – n2 = 2  n = 514 + 2 = 516 Hz calculate  100% , increases as n '  n
n
36. nmax  nmin   N  1 n and nmax  2nmin
 2nmin  nmin   24   3  nmin  72 Hz
The frequency of pth force is V  V  VS 
45. and VS  and '   
n p   p  1 n  nmin 4  V 
The 21st fork from max frequency is 5th fork from
minimum frequency
 n5  4  3  72  84 Hz
 V 
n1 l2 51 46. n '  n  V  V 
37. n  l  50  n1  n2  S 
2 1
To give same no. of beats with two lengths of vS A

sonometer wire ‘n’ should lie between n1 and n2 O

 V 
 n1  n  n2 47. vS = 0
n B'  n  
 V  VS 
n1  n  4 .......... 1 B vS = rw = 30m/s

5
 VS Sound V0 4. A wave of angular frequency 30 rad/sec
48. propagates so that a certain phase of
oscillation moves along x-axis,y-axis,z-axis
 V  V0 

V  4
V 

 3V 
 4 
with speeds
n'  n   f    f  2V 
1m/s,2m/sand 2m/s respectively. The
 V  V
 V  VS   3


 
 3 
propagation constant K is
LEVEL-II (H.W) 1) 30iˆ  15 ˆj  15kˆ 2) 10iˆ  10 ˆj  10kˆ
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGRESSIVE
3) 30iˆ  30 ˆj  30kˆ 4) 6iˆ  6 ˆj  6kˆ
WAVE
1. The equation of a progressive wave is SPEED OF A TRAVELLING WAVE
 x 5. A uniform rope of length 20m and mass 5kg is
y  0.05sin  200t   where x,y are in hanging vertically from a rigid support. A block
 2
of mass 4 kg is attached to the free end. The
metres and t in seconds, then
wave length of the transverse wave pulse at
a) velocity of wave is 100 ms–1
b) maximum velocity of particle in the wave is 10 the lower end of the rope is 0.04 m. The
ms–1 wavelength of the same pulse as it reaches
c) wavelength of wave is 4 m the top is
1) only a and c are true 1) 0.06 m 2) 0.12 m 3) 1.5 m 4) 2.2 m
2) only b and c are true 6. A uniform rope of mass 0.1 kg and length 2.45
3) only a and b are true 4) a,b,c are true m hangs from a ceiling (E-2012)
2. A wave pulse on a string has the dimension at i ) The speed of transverse wave in the rope at a
time t  3s is point 0.05 m distant from the lower end
v = 1 cm/s
ii) The time taken by a transverse wave to travel
1 cm
O the full length of the rope are(g = 9.8 m /s2)
1) 0.7 m/s, 1 s 2) 0.7 m/s, 2 s
1 cm 1 cm 2 cm 3) 0.7 m/s, 4 s 4) 0.7 m/s, 6 s
7. A travelling wave pulse is given by
O

O 2) 1cm 10
1) y . The amplitude and velocity
5  ( x  2t )2
1cm O
1cm of the pulse propagating are
3) 4) 2cm 1) 2 units, 2 units 2) 2 units, 2 units
1cm
3) 10 units, 5 units 4) 10 units, 10 units
O
1cm 8. In the given arrangement, if hanging mass will
be changed by 4%, then percentage change
3. Two sound waves are represented by
in the wave speed in string will be
1 3
y1  sin t  cos t and
2 2

3 1
y2  sin t  cos t . The initial phase m m
2 2
difference between the two waves is
1) 30o 2) 60o 3) 45o 4) 0o 1) 2% 2) 8% 3) 3% 4) 4%

6
 13. A sonometer wire, with a suspended mass of
PRINCIPLE OF SUPER POSITION,
M=1 kg, is in resonance with a given tuning
INTERFERENCE AND STATIONARY
fork. The apparatus is taken to the moon
WAVES ON STRETCHED STRINGS.
where the acceleration due to gravity is 1/6
9. A string of length l along x-axis is fixed at both
ends and is vibrating in second harmonic. If at that on earth. To obtain resonance on the
t = 0, y = 2.5mm for incident wave, the equation moon, the value of M should be
of standing wave is ( T is tension and  is 1) 1 kg 2) 6 kg 3) 6 kg 4) 36 kg
linear density)
14. A sonometer wire of length L is plucked at a
 
1)  2.5mm  sin  2 x  cos  2  T 2 t  distance L/8 from one end then it vibrates with
 l    l  
 a minimum frequency n . If the same wire
  plucked at a distance L/6 from another end
2)  5mm  sin  x  cos 2t
l  the minimum frequency with which it vibrates
 is
 2   T  
3)  5mm  sin  l x  cos  2  l 2 t  3
  3 3n 4n
1) n 2) n 3) 4)
 2   T   2 2 4 3
4)  5mm  cos  l x  cos  2  l 2 t 
  15. A metal wire of linear mass density of 9.8 g/m
10. A steel wire of length 1m, mass 0.1kg and is stretched with a tension of 1 0 k g w t
uniform cross sectional area 10–6 m2 is rigidly
fixed at both ends. The temperature of the wire between two rigid supports 1m apart. The wire
is lowered by 20°C. If the transverse waves passes at its middle point between the poles
are set up by plucking the string in the middle. of a permanent magnet and it vibrates in
Then the frequency of the fundamental mode resonance when carrying an alternating
of vibration is current of frequency n. The frequency n of the
(Y = 2 × 1011 N/m2,   1.21 105 / C ) alternating source is
1) 21Hz 2) 42Hz 3) 11Hz 4) 22Hz 1) 50 Hz 2) 100 Hz 3) 200 Hz 4) 25 Hz
11. Two stereo speakers are separated by a
16. A stretched wire of length 114 cm is divided
distance of 2.4 m. A person stands at a distance
of 3.2 m as shown directly in front of one of into three segments whose frequencies are in
the speakers. The frequencies in audible range the ratio 1 : 3 : 4, the lengths of the segments
for which the listener will hear a minimum must be in the ratio (2010-ENG)
sound intensity are (Speed of the sound in air 1) 18 : 24 : 72 2) 24 : 72 : ;18
is 320 ms-1 and n is order of minimum) 3) 24 : 18 : 72 4) 72 : 24 : 18
3.2 m
P
17. If n1 , n2 and n3 are the fundamental
frequencies of three segments into which a
2.4 m
4m string is divided, then the original fundamental
frequency n of the string with the same tension
is given by
1) 160  2n  1 2) 320  2n  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3) 200  2n  1 4) 100  2n  1 1) n  n  n  n 2) n  n  n  n
1 2 3 1 2 3
12. A sound wave of wavelength 32cm enters the 3) n  n1  n2  n3 4) n  n1  n2  n3
tube as shown in the figure. Then the smallest
radius ‘r’ so that a maximum of sound is heard SOUND AND VELOCITY OF SOUND
at detector is 18: T he speed of sound in oxygen (O 2) at a cer-
tain temperature is 460 ms–1. The speed of
r
sound in helium (He) at the same temperature
1) 7 cm 2) 14 cm will be (assume both gases to be ideal)
3) 21 cm 4) 28 cm S D [AIEEE 2008]
1)460 ms–1 2)500 ms–1 3)650 ms–14)1420 ms–1

7
19. A pressure of P causes a decrease in volume 26. An open pipe resonates with frequency 100Hz
of water by a fraction ‘Q’. The speed of sound and a closed pipe resonates with frequency
in water is (in CGS) 50Hz. If they are joined to form a longer tube
P P then it will resonate with freqency of (neglect
1) 2) PQ 3) 4) PQ end corrections)
Q Q
20. Velocity of hydrogen at NTP is V. The velocity 1) 25Hz 2) 50Hz 3) 75Hz 4) 100Hz
of sound in a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen 27. In a resonance column, first and second
in the ratio of 4:1 at NTP is resonance are obtained at depths 22.7 cm and
1 1 1 1 70.2 cm, the third resonance will be obtained
1) 5 V 2) V 3) 3 V 4) V
4 2 at a depth of
21. A mixture of two diatomic gases exists in a 1)117.7 cm 2)92.9 cm 3)115.5 cm 4)113.5 cm
closed cylinder. The volumes and velocities in
the two gases are V1, V2 and c1, c2 respectively. 28. A ‘pop’ gun consists a tube 25cm long closed
Determine the velocities of the gases in the at one end by a cork and the other end by a
mixture. tightly fitted piston as shown. The piston is
V1  V2 V1  V2 pushed slowly in. When the pressure rises to
1) C1C2 V c 2  V c 2 2) C1C2 V c 2  V c 2 one and half times the atmospheric pressure,
1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2
the cork is violently blow out. The frequency
V1  V2 V1  V2 of the‘pop’caused by its ejection is ( V = 340m/s)
3) C1C2 V 2c  V c 2 4) C1C2 V 2c  V 2c l'
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
ORGAN PIPES 1) 510Hz 2) 1020Hz
22. The vibrating of four air columns are 3) 205Hz 4) 740Hz
represented in the figure. The ratio of l
BEATS
frequencies n p : nq : nr : ns is
29: A closed pipe and an open pipe of same length
produce 2 beates, when they are set into vi-
bration simultaneously in thier fundamental
p q mode . If the length of the open pipe is halved,
and that of closed pipe is doubled, and if they
are vibrating in the fundamental mode, then
r s the number of beats produced is
1) 12 : 6 : 3 : 5 2) 1 : 2 : 4 : 3
3) 4 : 2 : 3 : 1 4) 6 : 2 : 3 : 4 1) 8 2) 4 3) 7 4) 2
23. An open pipe of length 24 cm is in resonance 30: A closed pipe is suddenly opened and changed
with a frequency 660 Hz in fundamental mode. to an open pipe of same length. The funda-
The radius of pipe is (V = 330 ms–1) mental frequency of the resulting open pipe is
1) 3 cm 2) 0.83 cm 3) 3.5 cm 4) 2cm less than that of 3rd harmonic of the earlier
24. An open organ pipe has length l. The air in it closed pipe by 55Hz. Then, the value of fun-
vibrating in 3rd overtone with maximum damental frequency of the closed pipe is
amplitude A. The amplitude at a distance of 1) 165Hz 2) 100Hz 3) 55Hz 4) 220Hz
l 31. A fork gives 5 beats/s with a 40 cm long
from any open end is. sonometer wire. If the length of the wire is
16 shortened by 1 cm, the number of beats/s is
A 3A still the same. The frequency of the fork is
1) A 2) Zero 3) 4) 1) 385 Hz 2) 320 Hz 3) 395 Hz 4) 400 Hz
2 2
25. The frequency of a stretched uniform wire 32. Two tuning forks A and B are sounded together
under tension is in resonance with the and 7 beats/s are heard. A is in resonance with
a 32 cm air column closed at one end and B is
fundamental frequency of a closed tube. If the
in resonance when length of air column is
tension in the wire is increased by 8N, it is in increased by 1 cm. The frequencies of forks A
resonance with first overtone of the closed and B are
tube. The initial tension in the wire is 1) 264 Hz, 256 Hz 2) 272 Hz, 264 Hz 3 )
1) 16 N 2) 8 N 3) 4 N 4) 1 N 231 Hz, 224 Hz 4) 220 Hz, 512 Hz

8
33. An organ pipe opened from both ends
produces 5 beats per second when vibrated
with a source of frequency 200Hz. The second
harmonic of the same pipe produces 10 beats
per second with a source of frequency 420Hz.
The fundamental frequency of organ pipe is
1) 195Hz 2) 205Hz 3) 190Hz 4) 210Hz
34. When a vibrating tuning fork is placed on a
sound box of a sonometer, 8 beats per second
are heard when the length of the sonometer
wire is kept at 101 cm or 100 cm. Then the
frequency of the tuning fork is (consider that
the tension in the wire is kept constant)
[E 2012]
1) 1616 Hz 2) 1608 Hz
3) 1632 Hz 4) 1600 Hz
35. Two parts of a sonometer wire divided by a
movable bridge differ in length by 0.2 cm and
produce one beat per second, when sounded
together. The total length of wire is 1m, then
the frequencies are
1) 250.5 and 249.5 Hz 2) 230.5 and 229.5 Hz
3) 220.5 and 219.5 Hz 4) 210.5 and 209.5 Hz
36. On vibrating an air column at 27oC and a
tuning fork simultaneously, 5 beats per second
are produced. The frequency of the fork is less
than that of air column. No beats are heard at
-3oC. The frequency of the fork is 1) 70
Hz 2) 147 Hz 3) 104 Hz 4) 92 Hz
37. The wavelength of two sound notes in air are
40 40
m and m . Each note produces 9 beats
195 193
per second, separately with a third note of
fixed frequency. The velocity of sound in air
in m/s is (E-2011)
1) 360 2) 320 3) 300 4) 340
DOPPLER EFFECT
38. The velocity of a listener who is moving away
from a stationary source of sound such that
the listener notices 5% apparent decrease in
frequency of sound is( Velocity of sound in air
= 340 m/s)
1) 12.5 ms–1 2) 17 ms–1 3) 25 ms–14) 34 ms–1
39. Two trains are moving towards each other on
parallel tracks at speeds of 144 kmph and 54
kmph. The first train sounds a whistle of
freqency 600Hz. Freqency of the whistle as
heard by a passenger in the second train is
( V=340m/s)
1) 510Hz 2) 610Hz 3) 710Hz 4) 810Hz
40. A boy sitting on a swing which is moving to an
angle of 300 from the vertical is blowing a
whistle which is of frequency 1000 Hz. The
whistle is 2 m from the point of support of the
swing. If a girl stands infront of the swing, the
maximum and minimum frequencies she will
hear are
(velocity of sound = 330 m/s, g = 9.8 m/s2)
1) 1000, 990 Hz 2) 1007, 1000 Hz
3) 1007,993 Hz 4) 1100, 900 Hz
41. A source of sound produces waves of wave
length 48cm. This source is moving towards
north with speed V/4 where V is speed of
sound. The apparant wavelength of the waves
to an obsever standing south of the moving
source will be
1) 48 cm 2) 60 cm 3) 72 cm 4) 96 cm
42. A siren of frequency n approaches a stationary
observer and then receedes from the observer.
If the velocity of source (V) << the velocity of
sound (C), the apparent change in frequency
is
1) 2 n V/C 2) 2 n C/V 3) n/V 4) 2 VC/n
43. s1 and s2 are two sound sources of frequencies
338 Hz and 342 Hz respectively placed at a
large distance apart. The velocity with which
an observer should move from s2 to s1 so that
he may hear no beats will be..(velocity of
sound in air = 340 m/s)
1) 1 m/s 2) 2 m/s 3) 3 m/s 4) 4 m/s
44. A vehicle moving on a straight road sounds a
whistle of frequency 256Hz while nearing a hill
with a velocity 10ms–1. The number of beats
per second observed by a person travelling in
the vehicle is V  330ms  .
1
1) zero 2) 10 3) 14 4) 16
45. If a vibrating tuning fork of frequency 255Hz
is approaching with a velocity 4m/s
perpendicular to a wall. The number of beats
produced per sec is (speed of sound in air =
340m/s)
1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
9
46.Two sources A and B are sending notes of fre- y2  cos 30sin t  sin 30 cos t
quency 680Hz. A listener moves from A and B
with a constant velocity u. If the speed of sound  sin  t  30   Phase different
in air is 340 ms–1, what must be the value of u
so that he hears 10 beats per second? [E-   1  2  t  60  t  30  30
2009] 
1) 2.0 ms–1 2) 2.5 ms–1 3) 3.0 ms–1 4) 3.5 ms–1  
4. Kx  , Ky  , Kz 
100 1
Vx Vy Vz
47. A source of sound is travelling at 3 ms along 
a road, towards a point A. When the source is  K  K x i  K y j  K z k  30i  15 j  15k
3m away from A, a person standing at a point T2 = (4+5)g
O on a road perpendicular to the track hears
a sound of frequency ‘ ’. The distance of O 5kg
from A at that time is 4m. If the original 2 T2
frequency is 640 Hz, then the value of  is 5. T2 = 4g
; V1  T      T
1 1
(given velocity of sound  340ms 1 ) 4kg
100
ms 1
A 3 S T  x  g
3m

6. i) V    gx
 
1) 620 Hz 2) 680 Hz 4m
L 2.45
ii) t  2 2  1sec
3) 720 Hz 4) 840 Hz g 9.8
O
10
7. A  2units . For same particle displacement
LEVEL - II ( H. W ) - KEY 5
y , x  2t is constant. 
1) 2 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1 5) 1 6) 1
7) 1 8)1 9) 3 10) 3 11) 3 12) 4 dx dx
13) 3 14) 3 15)1 16) 4 17) 1 18) 4 20v   2
dt dt
19) 1 20) 4 21) 1 22) 2 23) 2 24) 3 8. When m is changed by 4% the tension is also
25) 4 26) 1 27) 1 28) 1 29) 3 30) 3
1
31) 3 32) 3 33) 2 34) 2 35) 1 36) 4 changed by 4% and vT 2
37) 1 38) 2 39) 3 40) 3 41) 2 42) 1 9. Equation of standing wave fixed at both the ends is
43) 2 44) 1 45) 4 46) 2 47)2
y  2a sin  kx  cos  t  ; Put a = 2.5 mm
LEVEL - II ( H. W ) -HINTS
2
1. By comparing with y  A sin  t  kx  we get K and   l (in 2nd harmonic)

1 1 2 T T
  200rad / sec, K  m , A  0.05m   KV   2
2   l 2

1 T 1 YA
 2 10. n  
a) V  b) V max  A c)   2L  2L 
K K
11. Path difference x  4  3.2  0.8m
2. The wave reflected at fixed end undergo a phase

different of rad at the time t = 3sec, x = Vt= For minima x   2n  1
2
3cm, A = 1–1 = 0
12. Path difference x  n for maximum
Incident 1cm 1cm n = 1 for r = going to be least r  2r  
+
1cm reflected 1cm
1 T
13. n  To get resonance with same fork
2l 
3. y1  cos 60sin   sin 60cos t  sin  t  60   T  Mg  const  M 2 g 2  M1 g1

10
 n2 p2 V
14. n  p  n  p 23. n  2  l  1.2r 
1 1

L 24. A’ = A Cos Kx
If the string is pluncked at then it vibrates with 3rd overtone in open pipe is 4th
2p
p loops 4 l
n2 3 3 Harmonic  l  
2 2
 p1  4, p2  3  n  4  n2  4 n
1
l  2 
x  A '  A cos  .x 
1 T 1 1 1 1 16   
15. n  ; 16. l   l1 : l2 : l3  : :
2l  n 1 3 4 V 3V
25. T2 = T1 + 8 ; n1  , n2 
1 RT 4l 4l
17. l   l  l1  l2  l3 ; 18. v 
n M
n1 T1 1 T1
BV P P n T  n  T  3  T 8
19. V   Q  B   and 2 2 1
 V  V  Q
 V  lo
 
  1gm / cc V  P
Q lo lc
lc
1 M 1 2 1 26.
20.   M  32  16   2  161 v
2 2 n
Open pipe Closed pipe 4(lo  lc )
1V1   2V2 1  4   161 1
 mix  
V1  V2 4 1
201
  mix   41
5
1 V 1 1
V  mix  
 V1 mix 41 V
 l0  lC 
1V1   2V2 4n
21.  mix  V1  V2 V V V nn
  n 1 2
1 1 1 C22 2n1 4n2 4n n1  2n2
Velocity of sand C   2 
C  2 C12 27.  l3  2l2  l1

C22 V
C 2 2V1   2V2 28. n  and P ' l '  Pl
 1  2
.2   C12 4l '
C 2
mix 
1 V1  V2 l'

 C 2V  C12V2  2 Cmix 2
mix   2 1  2  
 V1  V2  C1 C2 mix
v v v v l
22. n p    4l nq  
q 2l
p

nr 
v v
 ns 
v 3v
 25 102
1.5Pl '  P  25  10 2  l'
r l s 4l 1.5

11
 n0
29. n  2  n o  2n c and n 0  n c  2 

l cos
c
l

l l A
 n c  2 and n 0  4 ; n  no  8 and nc  1
 h
n C1 3 3
30: n  2  n C1  2 n O3 ; n C1  n O3  55 B
03
 V   V 
l2 39 n1 l2 39 nmax  n   nmin  n  
31. l  40  n  l  40  n1  n  n2  V  VS   V  VS 
1 2 1
 V  VS 
n – n1 = 5....(1) ; n2 – n = 5.....(2); n2 – n1 = 10 41.  '   
 V 
n1 l2 33  V   C 
32. n  l  32 and n1  n2  7 42. n '  n  V  V   n  C  V 
2 1
 S   
V 2V n1 1  C 
33. n1  , n2     n2  2n1 n ''  n  
2l 2l n2 2  C V 
 1 1 
Given that, nS2  2nS1  n2 nS2 & nS1  n1 n ''  n ' n ''  nC   
C V C V 
 n1  nS1  5  2V 
 nC  2 2
34. n1l1  n2l2 ; (n + 8) 100 = (n – 8) 101  C V 
35. l1  l2  100cm 2nV
l2  l1  0.2cm V2 can be neglected as V<<C  n ' 
C
l2  50.1cm, l1  49.9cm n1 – n2 = 1 v0
36. n1  n2  5 at T1 = 27 + 273 = 300K
n2 = n at T2 = –3 + 273 = 270 K 43.
n1 T1 300 10 s1 s2
  
n V  T  n2 T2 270 9  V  V  V  V0 
n11  n1  0
 , n21  n2  
 V   V 
1 n2 40 /193 195
37.   n  40 /195  193  n2  n3  n1 no beat are heard  n11  n12
2 1
 V  V0   V  V0 
 n2  n3  9....1 ; n3  n1  9... 2 
n1    n2  
 V   V 
(1) + (2)  n2  n1  18 2nVS 2  256  10
44. n  V  V  320
 16
S
 V  V0  95 The no. of beats produced is 16 per second but
38. n '  n  V  Here n '  n
  100 no. of beats neard (observed) by observer ‘O’ as
maximum no. of beats heard is only 10 per second.
 V V 
0
39. n '  n  V  V  2nVS 2  255  4
 S  45. n  V  V  336
 6beats / sec
S
40. h  l  l cos   1  cos   v  v0   v  v0 
46. n '  n  v  v  , n ''  n  v  v  and n '' n '  10
1 2  s   s 
p.E A  kEB  mgh  mv
2 V
47. n1  V  V cos   n
VS  2 gh  2 gl 1  cos   s

12
 4 The equation of displacement of two waves are
LEVEL - V
 
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS given as y1  10 sin  3 t   ;
 3
PROGRESSIVE WAVES
1. Earthquakes generate sound waves inside y2  5 sin 3 t  3 cos 3 t  then what is the
Earth. Unlike a gas, Earth can experience both ratio of their amplitudes
transvers (S) and longitudinal (P) sound waves. a) 1 : 2 b) 2 : 1 c) 1 : 1 d) 3:2
Typically, the speed of S waves is about 4 km/ 5. A plane progressive wave has frequency 25Hz
s. A sesimograph records P and S waves from and amplitude 2.5 105 m and initial phase is
an earthquake. The first P waves arrive 3.0 zero propagates along the negative x-direction
min before the first S waves. Assuming the with a velocity of 300 m/s. The phase
waves travel in a straight line, how far away difference between the oscillations at two
does the earthquake occur? points 6m apart along the line of propagation
is:
Yearth  12.8  1010 pa,  earth  2000kg / m3 
 
a) 1900 km b) 1440 km a)  b) c) 2 d)
c) 1800 km d) 1200 km 2 4
2. Two particles of medium disturbed by the wave 6. A 100 Hz sinusoidal wave is travelling in the
propagation are at x1 = 0 and x2 = 1 cm. The positive x–direction along a string with a
respective displacement (in cm) of the particles linear mass density of 3.5 × 10–3 kg m–1 and
can be given by equations y1=2sin3 π t and a tension of 35 N. At time t = 0, the point x = 0
  has zero displacement and the slope of the
y 2  2 sin  3t   . Wave velocity can be string is  / 20 . Then select the wrong
 2
alternative:
a) 6 cm/s b) 7 cm/s c) 8 cm/s d) 9 cm/s
a) velocity of wave is 100 m/s
3. The following fig. show a snapshot of a
b) angular frequency is (200 ) rad/s
vibrating string at t  0 . The particle P is
c)Amplitude of wave is 0.025 m
observed moving up with velocity 20 3 cm/s. d) propagation constant is (4 ) m 1
The tangent at P makes an angle of 600 with 7. Equation of a stationary and a travelling waves
the x-axis. The equation of the wave is are as follows y1  a sin kx cos t and
–3
(in 10 m)
v y2  a sin  t  kx  . The phase difference
4
 3
2 2 P 60° between two points x1  and x2  is 1 ,
1.5 5.5 3k 2k
x
0 3.5 7.5 (× 10–2 m) in the standing wave  y1  and is 2 in
1
travelling wave  y2  , then ratio  is
2
  x 3 
a) y  0.4 sin  10 t    cm a) 1 b) 5/6 c) 3/4 d) 6/7
 2 4 
8. The equation of a wave disturbance is given
  x 3    
b) y  0.4 sin  10 t    cm as y  0.02 sin  2  50t  cos(10x) where x and y
 2 4   
are in metres and t in seconds. Choose the
  x 3  wrong statement(s)
c) y  0.4 cos  10 t    cm
 2 4  a) the wavelength of wave is 0.2 m
  x 3  b) displacement node occurs at x = 0.15 m
d) y  0.4 cos  10 t    cm c) displacement antinode occurs at x = 0.3 m
 2 4  d) the speed of constituent waves is 0.2 m/s

13
 WAVE SPEED LONGITUDINAL/PRESSURE WAVES
9. Two vibrating strings of same length, same 14. The frequency of a man’s voice is 300 Hz and
cross section area and stretched to same its wavelength is 1 meter. If the wavelength
tension are made of material with densities of a child’s voice is 1.5 m, then the frequency
 and 2  . Each string is fixed at both ends. of the child’s voice is:
If V1 and V2 are speeds transverse waves in a)200 Hz b) 150 Hz c) 400 Hz d) 350 Hz
the strings with densities  and 2  15. A sound wave of frequency 440 Hz is passing
through air. An O2 molecule (mass = 5.3 x 10-
V1 26
kg) is set in oscillation with an amplitude of
respectively, then V is:
2 10-6 m. Its speed at the mean position of
1 oscillation is :
a) 1/2 b) 2 c) 2 d) a) 1.70  10 5 m / s b) 17.0  10 5 m / s
2
10. When an elastic cord (for which the tension is c) 2.76 10 3 m / s d) 2.77  10 5 m / s
proportional to the extension) of length l is 16. Figure shown is a graph, at a certain time t, of
stretched by 2l the speed of the transverse the displacement function S  x, t  of three
wave on it in V. If it is further stretched by sound waves 1,2 and 3 as marked on the curves
another l , the speed of the transverse wave that travel along x-axis through air. If P1, P2
and P3 represent their pressure oscillation
on it will be amplitudes respectively, then correct relation
 3 between them is:
a) 2 V b) 2 2 V c) 3 V d)  2  V 1/2
  S
1 1 2
11. A uniform rope of length l is hung from the
 ceiling  under its own weight the speed of the
transverse pulse on it at a distance x from x
the ceiling will be proportional to 3
2
a) x b)  l  x  c) x d) l  x
3
12. A 100 m long rod of density 10.0 x 104 kg/m3 a) P1  P2  P3 b) P3  P2  P1
and having Young’s modules Y = 1011 Pa, is
clamped at one end. It is hammered at the c) P1  P2  P3 d) P2  P3  P1
other free end. The longitudinal pulse goes to 17. A sound wave of wavelength 40cm travels in
right end, gets reflected and again returns to air. If the difference between the maximum
and minimum pressures at a given point is
the left end. How much time, the pulse take to
go back to initial point. 1.0  10 3 N / m 2 and the bulk modulus of air
is 1.4  105 N / m 2 , the amplitude of vibration
a)0.1 sec b) 0.2 sec c) 0.3 sec d) 2 sec
of the particles of the medium is nearly
13. A rope hangs from a rigid support. A pulse is
set by jiggling the bottom end. We want to a) 1.0  10 10 m b) 2.2  10 10 m
design a rope in which velocity  of pulse is c) 3.3  10 10 m d) 4.4  10 10 m
independent of z, the distance of the pulse from 18. The figure represents the displacement y
fixed end of the rope. If the rope is very long versus distance x along the direction of
the desired function for mass per unit length propagation of a longitude wave. The pressure
is maximum at position marked
 (z) in terms of 0 (mass per unit length of
the rope at the top (z = 0) is given by
V
gz gz R
  S
a)  (z) =  e v2 b)  ( z )   e v2 P
P Q R
0 0

 2 
 g    x
c)  ( z )   0 log e 2  z d)   z    e  gz 
  0 a)P b)Q c)R d)S

14
19. Two sound waves move in the same direction
in the same medium. The pressure oscillation
amplitudes of the waves are equal but the wave
length of the first wave is double that of
second. Let the average power transmitted
across a cross section by first wave be P1 and
that by second wave be P2. Then
a) P1 = P2 b) P1 =4P2 c) P2=2P1 d) P2=4P1
20. For a sound wave travelling towards +x
direction, sinusoidal longitudinal displacement
 at a certain time is given as a function of x.
If Bulk modulus of air is B  5  105 N / m 2 , the
variation of pressure excess will be:
 and their phase angles are 0,  / 2 and 
10–4 m
0 x(m)
0.1 0.2
–4
10 m
Pex
2
+ 2 × 10 Pa
INTERFERENCE
21. S1 & S2 are two coherent sources of sound
having no initial phase differene. The velocity
of sound is 330 m/s. No minima will be formed
onthe line passing through S 2 and
perpendicular to the joining S1 and S 2 , if the
frequency of both the source is:
a) 50Hz b) 60 Hz c) 70 Hz d) 80 Hz .
22. Three sinusoidal waves have the same
a a
frequency, but their amplitudes are a, ,
2 3
respectively. The equation of the resultant
wave obtained by the superposition of these
three waves is given by
0.3
5
y 
6
a sin  kx  wt    . Then tan  =
a) 4 / 3 b) 3 / 4 c) 1/ 3 d) 1/ 4
23. Four waves are described by equations as
follow Y1  A cos  t  kx 

a) 0 0.1 x(m) A  
0.2 Y2  cos  t  kx  
2
2  2
– 2 × 10 Pa
A
Pex Y3  cos  t  kx   
4
2
+ 5 × 10 Pa
A  3 
Y4  cos  t  kx  
0 0.1 8  2 
b) x(m)
0.2 and their resultant wave is calculated as
2
– 5 × 10 Pa
Y  Y1  Y2  Y3  Y4 such as
Pex Y  A1 cos t  kx    then………..(symbols
2
+ 2 × 10 Pa have their usual meanings)

0.2 5A 1
c) 0 x(m)
1
a) A    tan 1  
0.1 8 4
2
– 2 × 10 Pa
2 5A 1
1
b) A    tan 1  
Pex 8  3
2
+ 5 × 10 Pa
3 5A 1
1
c) A    tan 1  
0 0.2 8 2
d) x(m)
0.1
2 4 5A
–5 × 10 Pa 1
d) A    tan 1 1
8

15
24. A string of length 0.4 m and mass 10–2 kg is 31. The vibrations of string of length 60cm fixed
tightly clamped at its ends. The tension in the both ends are represented by the equations
string is 1.6 N. Identical wave pulses are
produced at one end at equal intervals of time y  4sin  x /15  cos  96 t  where x and y
t . The minimum value of time interval t , are in cm and t in s. The maximum displacement
which allows constructive interference
between successive pulses, is: at x = 5 cm is
a) 0.05 s b) 0.10 s c) 0.20 s d) 0.40 s a) 2 3 cm b) 4 cm c) zero d) 4 2 cm
STATIONARY WAVES
25. A wire of length ‘l’ having tension T and radius’ 32. A stretched string of length 1m fixed at both
r’ vibrates with fundamental frequency “f’. ends, having a mass 5  104 kg is under a
Another wire of the same metal with length
‘2l’ having tension 2T and radius 2 r will tension of 20N. It is plucked at a point situated
vibrate with fundamental frequency: at 25 cm from one end. The stretched string
f could vibrate with a frequency of
f
a) f b) 2f c) d) 2 a) 512 Hz b) 100 Hz c) 200 Hz d) 256 Hz
2 2 2
26. A string of length 1.5 m with its two ends 33. A piano wire having a diameter of 0.90 mm is
clamped is vibrating in fundamental mode. replaced by another wire of the same length
Amplitude at the centre of the string is 4 mm. and material but with a diameter of 0.93 mm.
Distance between the two points having If the tension of the wire is kept the same,
amplitude 2 mm is: then the percentage change in the frequency
a) 1m b) 75cm c) 60cm d) 50 cm
27. A 75 cm string fixed at both ends produces of the fundamental tone is nearly
resonant frequencies 384 Hz and 288 Hz a) +3% b) +3.3 % c) -3.3% d) -3%
without there being any other resonant ORGAN PIPES
frequency between these two. Wave speed for 34. An open pipe is suddenly closed at one end
the string is : with the result that the frequency of third
a)144m/s b) 216 m/s c) 108 m/s d) 72 m/s harmonic of the closed pipe is found to be
28. A string of length  is fixed at both ends. It is higher by 100 Hz than the fundamental
vibrating in its 3rd overtone with maximum frequency of the open pipe. The fundamental
 frequency of the open pipe is (IIT - JEE - 1996)
amplitude ‘a’. The amplitude at a distance a) 200 Hz b) 300 Hz
3
from one end is : c) 240 Hz d)480 Hz.
3a 35. An open pipe is in resonance in 2nd harmonic
a) a b) 0 c) d) a / 2 with frequency f1. Now one end of the tube is
2
29. A chord attached about an end to a vibrating closed and frequency is increased to f2 such
fork divides it into 6 loops. When its tension that the resonance again occurs in nth
is 36N. The tension at which it will vibrate in harmonic. Choose the correct option:
4 loops when attached to same tuning fork is: (IIT - JEE - 2005)
a) 24 N b) 36 N c) 64 N d) 81 N
3 5
30. An aluminium wire of length 60cm is joined to a) n = 3, f2 = f b) n = 3, f2 = f
a steel wire of length 80 cm and stretched 4 1 4 1
between two fixed supports. 5 3
80 cm 60 cm c) n = 5, f2 = f d) n = 5, f2 = f
4 1 4 1
Steel Aluminium 36. A closed organ pipe of length L and an open
The tension produced is 40 N. The cross -
sectional areas of the steel and organ pipe contain gases of densities 1 and
aluminiumWires are 1.0 mm2 and 3.0 mm 2 2 respectively. The compressibility of gases
respectively. are equal in both the pipes. Both the pipes are
The densities of steel and aluminium are vibrating in thier first overtone with same
frequency. The length of open organ pipe is :
7.8 g / cm3 and 2.6 g / cm3 respectively. The
(IIT - JEE - 2004)
frequency of first overtone of this composite 1/ 2 1/ 2
wire with the joint as a node is nearly 4L    4L    L 4L
a) 180Hz b) 240Hz c) 360Hz d) 480Hz a) 3   1  b) 3  2  c) d)
 2  1 3 3

16
 BEATS 41. An observer is moving along positive x-axis
37. There is a set of four tuning forks, one with from the origin. One tuning fork moves away
lowest frequency vibrating at 550 Hz. By using from the observer while other moves towards
any two tuning forks at a time, the following it at the same speed and with same natural
beat frequencies are heard: 1,2,3,5,7,8. The frequency f. The velocity of sound in air is V.
possible frequencies of the other three forks
are: If observer hears the beat of frequency f0 ,
a) 552, 553, 560 b) 557, 558, 560 find the speed of the tuning fork moving away
c) 552, 553, 558 d) 551, 553, 558 from observer relative to the observer
38. A vibrating string of certain length  under a
tension T resonates with a mode Vf V  f  f0 
corresponding to the first overtone of an air a) 2 f b) 2 f0
0
column of length 75 cm inside a tube closed at
one end. The string also generates 4 beats per V  f  f0  Vf 0
c) d)
second when excited along with a tuning fork f0 2f
of frequency n. Now when the tension of the 42. A siren placed at a railway platform is emitting
string is slightly increased the number of beats sound of frequency 5 kHz. A passenger sitting
reduces to 2 per second. Assuming the velocity in a moving train A records a frequency of 5.5
of sound in air to be 340 m/s, the frequency n kHz, while the train approaches the siren.
of the tuning fork in Hz is (IIT - JEE - 2008)
a) 344 b) 336 c) 117.3 d) 109.3 During his return journey in a different train
B he records a frequency of 6.0 kHz while
DOPPLER EFFECT approaching the same siren. The ratio of the
39. In the figure shown a source of sound of velocity of train B to that train A is (IIT-2002)
frequency 510Hz moves with constant velocity
242 5 11
Vs  20m / s in the direction shown. The wind a) b) 2 c) d)
252 6 6
is blowing at a constant velocity Vw  20m / s 43. A wall is moving with velocity u and a source
towards an observer who is at rest at point B.
Corresponding to the sound emitted by the u
of sound moves with velocity in the same
source at initial position A, the frequency 2
detected by the observer is equal to (speed of direction as shown in the figure. Assuming that
sound relative to air = 330 m/s) the sound travels with velocity 10u. The ratio
y
v of incident sound wavelength on the wall of
the reflected sound wavelength by the wall, is
300 equal to
v x u
A a) 9:11 b) 11:9
u/2
S
c) 4:5 d) 5:4
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
a) 510Hz b) 500 Hz c) 525 Hz d) 550 Hz 44. A wave is represented by the equation
40. A source of oscillations S is fixed to the y = (0.001 mm) sin [(50 s-1)t + (2.0 m-1)x]
riverbed of a river with stream velocity  . Two a) The wave velocity = 100 m/s
receivers R1 and R2 are fixed also to the b) The wavelength = 2.0 m
riverbed. If the source generates frequency c) The frequency = 25/  Hz
f s , the frequencies received by receivers d) The amplitude = 0.001 mm
45. An electrically maintained tuning fork vibrates
R1 and R2 are respectively f1 and f 2 then with constant frequency and constant
V amplitudes. If the temperature of the
Streamflow surrounding air increases but pressure
R1 S R2 remains constant, the sound produced will
have
a) f1  f 2  f s b) f1  f s , f 2  f s a) Larger wavelength b) Larger frequency
c) f1  f s , f 2  f s d) f1  f s , f 2  f s c) Larger velocity d) Larger time period

17
46. As a wave propagates : 53. A listener is at rest with respect to the source
a) the wave intensity remains constant for a plane of sound. A wind starts blowing along the line
wave joining the source and the observer. Which of
b) the wave intensity decreases as the inverse of the following quantities do not change ?
the distance from the source for a spherical wave a) Frequency b) Velocity of sound
c) the wave intensity decreases as the inverse square c) Wavelength d) Time period
of the distance from the source for a spherical wave 54. Two identical straight wires are streched so
d) total intensity of the spherical wave over the as to produce 6 beats/sec when vibrating
spherical surface centered at the source remains
simultaniously. On changing the tension
constant at all times
slightly in one of them, the beat frequency
0.8
47. Y (x, t) = [(4 x  5t )2  5] represents a moving remains unchanged. Denoting by T1 and
pulse where x and y are in meters and in t T2 the higher and lower initial tension in
second. Then the strings, then it could be said that while
a) pulse is moving in negative x-direction making the above changes in tension :
b) in 2 s it will travel a distance of 2.5 m
c) its maximum displacement is 0.16 m a) T2 was decreased b) T2 was increased
d) pulse is moving in positive x-direction c) T1 was decreased d) T1 was increased
48. An air column in a pipe, which is closed at one
end, will be in resonance with a vibrating COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
tuning fork of frequency 264 Hz, if the length Passage-1
of the column in cm is (v = 330 m/s) A string of mass m is fixed at both ends. It is excited
(IIT - JEE - 1985) to vibrate in its fundamental mode, the equation of
a) 31.25 b) 62.50 c) 93.75 d) 12.5
the stationary wave being y  A sin kx sin t   / 4 
49. Velocity of sound in air is 320 m/s. a pipe closed
at one end has a length of 1 m. Neglecting end 55. The amplitude of oscillation of a point on the
corrections, the air column in the pipe can string which is at a distance of one – third of
resonate for sound of frequency: the length of the string from one of the fixed
a) 80 Hz b) 240Hz c) 320 Hz d) 400 Hz ends is
50. Standing waves can be produced : A
A 3A
a) on a string clamped at both ends a) A b) c) d)
b) on a string clamped at one end and free at 2 2 2
the other 56. The minimum time after t = 0 at which the
c) when incident wave gets reflected from a kinetic energy of the string is maximum is
wall
d) when two identical waves with a phase   3 2
a) b) c) d)
difference of π are moving in the same direction  4 4 3
51. Choose the correct option (s) regarding beats 57. The maximum kinetic energy of the string is
a) beats are periodic variations in the intensity of
sound 1
a) mA2 2 b) mA2 2
b) to produce beats two sound waves of nearly 2
equal frequencies travel in same direction 1 1
2 2 2 2
c) One loud sound followed by faint sound form c) mA  d) mA 
4 8
one beat.
d) beats can heard if difference between two Passage II (IIT - JEE - 2006)
frequencies is small and not more than ten. Two waves are described by the equations :
52. Two source of intensities I 0 and 4I 0 are used y1  A cos(0.5x  100t)
for interference experiment. Due to super
position the resulting intensity can be and y 2  A cos(0.46x  92t)
a) 9I0 b) 4.5I 0 c) 5I0 d) 4I 0 here x and y are in m and t is in s.

18
58. The number of maxima heard in one second 65. Assume end correction approximately equals
will be to (0.3) x (diameter of tube), estimate teh
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 1 approximate number of moles of air present
59. The speed of the higher frequency waveform inside the tube ( Assume tube is at NTP, and
at NTP, 22.4 litre contains 1 mole)
is
a) 200m/s b) 180m/s c) 140m/s d)120m/s 10 10 10 10
a) b) c) d)
60. Find the number of times y1 + y2 becomes zero 36  22.4 18  22.4 72  22.4 60  22.4
per second, at x=0. Passage - V (IIT - JEE - 2007)
a) 96 b) 48 c) 192 d) 100 Two trains A and B are moving with speeds 20 m/
Passage-III: s and 30 m/s respectively in the same direction on
A string whose ends are tied to the walls are the same straight track, with B ahead of A. The
separated by a distance of 120 cm. waves engines are at the front ends. The engine of trains A
produced on such a string travel back and forth blows a long whistle.
between the walls and standing waves are set up.

Intensity
It is found that the points on the string at which
displacement amplitude is 3.5 mm are separated
by 15 cm f1 f2 Frequency
61. The string is oscillating in Assume that the sound of the whistle is composed
a) 3rd harmonic b) 4th harmonic of components varying in frequency from f1 = 800
c) 2nd harmonic d) 1st harmonic Hz to f2 = 1120 Hz, as shown in the figure.
62. The maximum displacement amplitude is The spread in the frequency (highest frequency –
a) 3.5 mm b) 3.5 2mm lowest frequency) is thus 320 Hz. The speed of
sound in still air is 340 m/s.
3.5 66. The speed of sound of the whistle is
c) mm d) D) 7mm
2 a) 340 m/s for passengers in A and 310 m/s for
Passage IV passengers in B.
In an organ pipe (may be closed or open) of 99 b) 360 m/s for passengers in A and 310 m/s for
cm length standing wave is setup, whose equation passengers in B.
is given by longitudinal displacement c) 310 m/s for passengers in A and 360 m/s for
passengers in B.
2 d) 340 m/s for passengers in both the trains.
   0.1mm  cos  y  1cm  cos 2  400  t
80 67. The distribution of the sound intensity of the
Where y is measured from the top of the tube in whistle as observed by the passengers in train
centimeters and it in t second. A is best represented by
Intensity

y
a)
f1 f2 Frequency
63. The upper end and the lower end of the tube
Intensity

are respetively
a) open-closed b) closed-open
c) open-open d) closed-closed b)
64. Equation of the standing wave in terms of
ex cess p r essu r e i s ___ (Bulk modulus o f air
f1 f2 Frequency
B  5  105 N / m 2 )
Intensity

2
a) Pex  125 N / m 2  sin  y  1cm  cos 2  400t 
80 c)
2
b) Pex  125 N / m 2  cos  y  1cm  sin 2  400t  f1 f2 Frequency
80
2
Intensity

c) Pex   225 N / m  sin  y  1cm  cos 2  200t 

2

80
2 d)
d) Pex   225 N / m 2  cos  y  1cm  sin 2  200t 
80
f1 f2 Frequency

19
68. The spread of frequency as observed by the MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
passengers in train B is 75. The figure shows a string at a certain moment
a) 310 Hz b) 330 Hz c) 350 Hz d) 290 Hz. as a transverse wave passes through it. Three
Passage - VI particles A, B and C of the string are also
The air column in a pipe closed at one end is made shown. Match the physical quantities in the
to vibrate in its second overtone by a tuning fork of left column with the description in the column
frequency 440Hz. the speed of the sound in air is on the right.
330 m/s. end corrections may be neglected. Let A
B
P0 denote the mean pressure at any point in the
C
pipe and P0 the maximum aplitude of pressure Column A Column B
variation then A) Velocity of A (P) Downwards, if the
69. The amplitude of pressure variation at the wave is travelling
middle of the column is towards right
B) Acceleration of A (Q) Downwards, if the
p0 p0 p0 p0
a) b) c) d) wave is travelling
2 3 2 3 towards left
70. The maximum and minimum pressure at the C) Velocity of B (R) Downwards, no
open end of the pipe are respectively matter which way
P0 P0 the wave is travelling
a) Po,Po b) , D) Velocity of C (S) Zero.
2 2 76. Match the following :
P0 Column A
c) 2 P0 , 2 P0 d) P0 , A) Stiff string has N segments
2
71. The maximum and minimum pressure at the B) Open pipe of smaller diameter
C) Closed pipe
closed end of the pipe are respectively
D) String one end connected to rigid
a) P0   P0 , P0   P0 boundry and other end is free
 P0 P Column B
b) P0  , P0  0
2 2 v
(P) All harmonic of exist
2
c) P0   P0 , P0  2  P0 d) P0 , P0
v
Passage - VII (Q) Fundamental frequency,  
2
A long wire PQR is made by joning 2 wires PQ 2
and QR of equal radii. PQ has a length 4.8 m and (R) Wave length 
N
mass 0.06 kg, QR has length 2.56 m and mass (S) Odd harmonics are only available
0.20kg. Wire PQR is under tension of 80 N. A (  = length of string / pipe, v = velocity of wave)
sinusoidal wave pulse of amplitude 3.5 cm is sent 77. A train T horns a sound of frequency f. It is
along the wire PQ from end P. No power is 1
dissipated during propagation of wave pulse. moving towards a wall with speed th the
4
72. Find the speed of wave in wire PQ: speed of sound. There are three observers
a) 80 m/sec b) 75 m/secc) 60m/sec d) 70m/sec
73. Find the time taken by wave pulse to reach O1 , O2 and O3 as shown. Match the following
from P to R two columns.
O1 O2 O3
a) 0.10sec b) 0.12 sec c) 0.14sec d) 0.16sec
74. Find the amplitude of reflected wave pulse
after the incident wave pulse crosses the
joint Q :
a) 1.5 cm b) 1.25cm c) 1.75cm d) 2.0cm Column - I Column - II

20
 Column - I Column - II 80. Three stars x,y and z have slightly different
a) Beat frequency p) 2 f
3 temperatures Tx , Ty and Tz respectively. All
Observed to O1
b) Beat frequency q) 8 f stars are receding from the earth with speeds
observed to O2 15 Vx , V y and Vz respectively relative to the
c) Beat frequency r) f earth. They radiate the maximum energy at
observed to O3 the same wavelength of the light. Match the
d) If train moves in s) zero
options of the following columns :
opposite direction
with the same speed Column-I Column-II
then beat frequency (A) Vy > Vx (P) Tx > Ty > Tz
observed to O3 Vx > Vz Tx < Ty < Tz
(B) (Q)
78. A source of sound is moving along a circular
orbit of radius 3 m with angular velocity of (C) Vx = Vz (R)
10 rad s–1. A sound detector located for away Vy > Vz
(D) (S)
is executing linear SHM with amplitude 6 m
on line BCD as shown. The frequency of ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
5 A) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is True;
detector for oscillation is   per second. The Statement – 2 is a correct explanation for
 
source is at A when detector at B at t = 0. Statement – 1.
Source emits a continuous sound wave of B) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is True;
frequency 340 Hz. (velocity of sound = 330 ms– Statement – 2 is NOT a correct explanation
1
). Match the column A with B. (T is time for Statement – 1.
period of oscillation).
N C) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is False.
D) Statement – 1 is False, Statement – 2 is True.
M 81. STATEMENT – 1 : The basic of Laplace
A B C D
correction was the exchange of heat between
P
the region of compression and rarefaction in
Column A air is not possible.
A) The frequency of sound recorded by the detector STATEMENT – 2 : Air is a bad conductor of
at t = 3T/4 heat and velocity of sound in air is large.
B) The frequency of sound recorded by the detector
at t = T/4 82. STATEMENT – 1 : The velocity of sound in
C) The ratio of the time period of source and the air, at constant temperature, does not depend
detector on the ambient pressure.
D) Maximum velocity of detector maximum velocity STATEMENT – 2 : This is a consequence of
of source
the fact that the velocity of sound is a function
Column B
(P) 255 Hz (Q) 1 : 1 (R) 442 Hz (S) 2 : 1 P
79. T1 and T2 are higher and lower tensions in of the ratio but as P increases,  increases

two identical strings stretched to produce n by the same factor at constant temperature.
beats per second when vibrating 83. STATEMENT – 1 :speed of sound in air was
simultaniously. The beat frequncy remains found by Newton’s formula was wrong
unchanged when tension is slightly changed
in one of them. If the beat frequency remains because, he assumed process as isothermal.
unchanged, match the options of the two STATEMENT – 2 : Flow of sound wave in a
columns : medium is very fast. Quick process suppress
Column-I Column-II heat exchange, hence this process must be
adiabatic in nature.
(A) T1 is (P) Increased 84. STATEMENT – 1 : If an observer places his
(B) T2 is (Q) Decreased ear at the end of a long steel pipe, he can hear
(C) [(T1 – T2)/2] is two distinct sounds, when a workman hammers
(when T2 is constant) the other end of the pipe.
STATEMENT – 2 : Longitudinal as well as
(D) [(T1 – T2)/2 is
transverses wave can be propagated in steel.
(when T2 is constant)

21
85. STATEMENT – 1 : Soldiers are asked to
break steps while crossing the bridge to avoid
resonance situation.
STATEMENT – 2 : When frequency of two
oscillating system are equal, their amplitude
of vibration become very high.
86. STATEMENT – 1 : When standing waves are
produced in a closed organ pipe, the pressure
at the closed end is a constant.
STATEMENT – 2 : The closed end
corresponds to a node and hence the pressure
is not constant.
87. STATEMENT – 1 : In the case of stationary
wave, a person hear a loud sound at the nodes
as compared to the antinodes.
STATEMENT – 2 : In a stationary wave all
the particles of the medium vibrate in phase.
88. Statement – 1: In case of beats, intensity of
sound at some positions in space remains
maximum and at others, it remains minimum
Statement – 2: Beat are formed due to
superposition of sound waves of unequal
frequencies.
89. Statement – 1: Two tuning forks having
frequency 410 Hz and 524 Hz are kept close
and made to vibrate. Beats will not be heard.
Statement – 2 : Sound waves superimpose only
when the frequencies of superposing waves are
equal or nearly equal.
90. Statement-1 : Two sound waves of equal
intensity I produced beats. The maximum
intensity of sound produced in beats is 4I.
Statement-2 : If two waves of amplitudes a1
and a2 superpose, the maximum amplitude of
the resultant wave = a1 + a2.
INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
91. Transverse wave is propagating in a string.
Tension in the string becomes twice to the
initial tension. Simultaneously, area of cross-
action of the string is increased so that there
is no change in speed of the wave. Initial cross-
section area is A0 . Final cross-section area is
KA0 . Find the value of K
92. A cylindrical tube, open at both ends, has a
fundamental frequency  . The tube is dipped
vertically in water so that half of its length is
inside the water, find ratio of new fundamental
frequency to old fundamental frequency ?
93. A guiter string is 90 cm long and has a
fundamental frequency of 124 Hz. It is pressed
at a distance 10x cm from one end to produce
a fundamental frequency of 186Hz. Find the
value of x.
94. A 20 cm long string, having a mass of 1.0 g, is
fixed at both the ends. The tension in the string
is 0.5 N. The string is set into vibrations using
an external vibrator of frequency 100 Hz. Find
the separation (in cm) between the successive
nodes on the string.
95. When two progressive waves y1=4sin(2x- 6t)
 
and y 2  3sin  2x  6t   are superimposed.
 2
Find amplitude of resulting wave.
96. The average power transmitted across a cross-
section by two sound waves moving in the
same direction are equal. The wave lengths
of two sound waves are in the ratio of 1:2, then
find the ratio of their pressure amplitudes.
97. The string fixed at both ends has standing
wave mode for which distance between
adjacent nodes is x1. The same string has
another standing wave mode for which
distance between adjacent nodes is x2. If  is
x2 l
the length of the string, then x   l  2 x  .
1 1
What is the difference in number of the loops
in the two cases?
98. Two vibrating strings of the same material but
of lengths L and 2L have radii 2r and r
respectively. They are stretched under the
same tension. Both the strings vibrate in their
fundamental modes, the one of length L with
frequency 1 and the other with frequency
1
 2 . Find the ratio 
2
99. The ends of a stretched wire of length L are
fixed at x = 0 and x = L. In one experiment the
 x 
displacement of the wire is y1 = A sin  
 L 
sin t and energy is E 1 and in other
experiment its displacement is y2 = A sin
 2x 
  sin(2 t) and energy is E2 = mE1 .Find
 L 
the value of ‘m’
22
100. As shown in figure, string PQR is stretched 29) D 30) C31) A 32) C 33) C 34) A 35) C
by force F=(3 -10 Kt) N, where K is a constant
36) A 37) D 38) A 39)C 40) A 41) D 42) B
and t is time in seconds. At time t=0, a small
pulse is generated at the fixed end P of the 43) A
string. find the value of K (in N/s) if the value MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
of force becomes zero as the pulse reaches 44) C,D 45) A,C 46) A,C,D
point Q. (Given mass per unit length of string
is 0.03 kg/ m) 47) A,B,C 48) A,C 49) A,B,D
50) A,B,C 51) A,B,C,D 52) A,B,C,D
P 53) A,D 54) B, C
Q
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
55) D 56) C 57) C 58) A 59) A 60) A 61) B
62) B 63) A 64) A 65) B 66) B 67) A 68) A
L = 1m R 69) A 70) A 71) A 72) A 73) C 74) A
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
F=(3-K(10)t)N 75) A-P; B-R; C-Q; D-S
76) A-P,Q,R; B-P,Q,R; C-S ; D-S
101. A transverse wave is travelling in a string at 77)A-Q; B-P;C-S;D-S;
any moment a small element ' dx ' is at 78) A-R; B-P; C-Q; D-S
inclination 30o with the direction of 79) A-Q; B-P; C-Q; D-P
80) A-Q; B-P; C-S; D-P
propagation of the wave. After some time
interval its inclination Changes to 60o with ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
direction of propagation. Potential energy of 81) A 82) A 83) A 84) B 85) A 86)D 87) C
this small element is initially U 0 and finally it 88) D 89)C 90)A
INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
is K . U0 find the value of K
91) 2 92) 1 93) 6 94) 5 95) 5 96) 1
102. A stretched string is fixed at both ends. When
it is vibrating in the fundamental mode the 97) 2 98) 1 99) 4 100) 2 101) 9
maximum kinetic energy of the string is E1 and 102) 3 103) 3

amplitude at anti-node is A1 . When it is LEVEL-V - HINTS

vibrating in the 3rd harmonic, the maximum SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
kinetic energy of the string is E2 and amplitude 01. Vs  4km / sec
at anti-node is A2 . If E1  E2 Find A1 / A2
103. A motor car moving away from a cliff with a y 12.8  1010
VP  
velocity of 90 kmph sounds the horn and the  2000
echo is heard after 20 seconds. Assuming the  8000m / sec  8km / sec
velocity of sound in air to be 335 ms 1 , if the l l
distance between the car and cliff when the   3min  3  60sec
Vs Vp
horn is sounded is (P+ 0.1)Km, then P value is
LEVEL-V - KEY l l
  3  60 ; l  1440 km
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 4 8
1) B 2) A 3) B 4) C 5) A 6)D 7) D 2 2 n 
8) D 9) C 10) D 11) B 12) B 13) A 14) A
02.    x     x  x
 v v
15) C 16) B 17) B 18) C19) A 20) D 21) A  3
  1  v  6 cm / s
22) B 23) C 24) B 25) C 26) A 27) A 28) C 2 v

23
 dy dy   
03. v p   v ,  tan 60  3    (100)
dx dx 20
   0.025 m
v p  v 3  P is moving along upward direction 20
07. x1 and x2 are in successive loops of std. waves.
 wave must be travelling along negative x
direction So 1   and
The equation of t he wave is
 3   7 1 6
y  A sin  t  Kx    2  K  x   K     
 2 K 3K  6 2 7
20 3 08. From the given expression for y :
A  4  103 m, v   20cms 1 amplitude A = 0.02 n
3
angular frequency   50 rad / s
0.2 and wave number k  10 m1
2
  4 10 m  4cm ; f  5 Hz
4 102
 50
   2 f  10 Now wave speed v   5 m/s
k 10
2 2  Therefore, option (D) is wrong.
K   cm1
 4 2  3
Displacement node occurs at 10x  , etc
2 2 2 2
at t = 0, x = 0, y  2 2  103 m  cm Or
10
1 3
2 2 x , or x  0.05m and 0.15 m
  4  101 sin   20 20
10 Displacement antinode occurs at
2 2 1  3 10x  0, ,2, 3 etc.
  4  101 sin     or , or x = 0, 0.1 m, 0.2 m and 0.3 m
10 2 4 4
3   2 (distance between two consecutive nodes
taking at x = 1.5, t = 0 y = 0   or antinodes)
4 = 2 (0.1) = 0.2 m
  x 3  09. Velocity of transverse wave in a string
 y  0.4 sin  10 t   
 2 4  T
 i.e
A
04. y2  5 sin 3 t  3 cos 3 t 
V1 2 2
    V p  cons tan t     2
 5 1  3 sin  3 t    10 sin  3 t   V2 1 
 3  3
T Tl el
So, A1  10 and A2  10 10. v   
 m m
2 2 n
05.    x  x v1 e l
 v v  el ;  1. 1
v2 e2 l2
T 35 v
06. v    3.5  103  100 m / s ,    1 m v1 2l l 2 3
f    ; v2  v
2 v2 l 3l 3 2
 k  (2 )m 1
 T Mg  l  x g
and   v  k  (200) rad / s 11. v     g l  x 
  
at x = 0, vp = maximum
Y 1011
particle velocity  wavevelocity  slope 12. Vs    103 m / sec
 10.0  104
slope  wave velocity
 A 2 2  100
 t   0.2 sec
V 1000

24
  If f  55 Hz , no minimum will occur..
22. Phasor diagram:
Z a/2
T
dz
13. a/3 a
T + dT a/2

(T + dT) +  gdz  T  0 ; dT = -  gdz

also T =  2
As  is independent of z  2a
d  = 0; dT =  2 d  3
From equation (1) and (2), we get a/2
 Tan   3/ 4
d g z  2
2a / 3
   2 0 dz;   oe g / z
  23. Phasor diagram:
14. f1 1  f 2  2
 300 1   f 2 1.5 ; 200Hz  f 2
15. Vmax  n A
=  2 F  A =  2  440  10 6  A/2
= 2.76 10 3 m / sec
 2
 1
16. P0  B.K .S 0  B    S0  P0   .
 
Thus pressure amplitude is highest for minimum
A /4 A
wavelength, other parameters B and S0 being same
 3   2  1
17. P  BAk
dy dy
18. P   B At R, is most negative, A /8
dx dx
So pressure is maximum. 3A/8
19. Power P = constant A
20.   A sin  kx  t 
d
Pex   B   BAk cos  kx   t 
dx
amplitude of Pex   BAk
 2 
  5  105 10 4   2
  5  10 Pa 
 0.2 
So correct ans is D 3A/4
2 2
  3A   3A 
21. For minimum, x   2n  1 A'     
2  4   8 
The maximum possible path difference = distance
between the sources = 3m. 3A 1 3A 5 3 5 A
 1  
For no minimum 4 4 4 2 8
 V 330 3A 4 1
 3;   6  f    55 tan    
2  6 8 3A 2

25
24. Mass per unit length of the string, For
10–2 4  3
m= = 2.5 × 10–2 kg/m = a.sin 3 cos t   a.   cos t
0.4 2
 Velocity of wave in the string,  
T 1.6  3a
 i.e, at x  ; the amplitude is
v= 3 2
m 2.5  10 –2
v = 8 m/s p T
For constructive interference between successive 29. n   p T  constant
2l 
2l (2)(0.4) = 0.10 s 6 36  4 T  T  81N
pulses : Dtmin= =
v 8 1 T
(After two reflections, the wave pulse is in same 30. f Al  2l
phase as it was produced, since in one reflection Al d Al . AAl
its phase changes by p and if at this moment next
identical pulse is produced, then constructive 1 T
interference will be obtained.) fs  .
2ls d s . As
1 T
25. f   f  n1 f Al  n2 . f s
2 
If radius is doubled and length is doubled, mass Frequency of 1st overtone is f 1  2 f
per unit length will become four times, hence
31. So y will be maximum when cos  96 t  =max=1
1 1 2T f
f   ymax  2 3cm at x  5
2  2 4  2 2
26.   2  3m 32. At 25 cm, there will be antinode.
So wire will vibrate in two loops
Equation of standing wave ( As x=0 is taken as a
node) 2 T l T 20
v or v  
y  2 A sin kx cos t ; y= A as amplitude is 2A 2l M Ml 5 104 1
A = 2A sin kx
2  1
 4 104 Hz  200 Hz
x   x1  m and 1 T 1
 6 4 33. v  or v
2   Dl  d D
.x    x2  1.25m  x2  x1  1m
 2 3  v1    30 100
27. As frequencies are integral multiples of Now  v  1  100   31  1 100    3.2
    31
fundamental frequency, difference of successive v
frequencies is fundamental. Hence 34. Fundamental frequency of open pipe is f0 
2
n  384  288  96  v  n  v  n.2l v
 
Third harmonic of the closed pipe fc  3  
75  4 
 v  96  2   144 m / s v v v
100 Given: 3   100 or,  200 Hz
28. For a string vibrating in its nth 4 2 2
th
v
overtone (  n  1 hormonic ) 35. f1 = ; (2nd harmonic of open pipe)
l
 v
  n  1  x  f2 = n  4l  ; (nth harmonic of closed pipe)
y  2 A  cos t  
 L  Here, n is odd and f2 > f1
It is possible when n = 5
  5 v 5
Because with n = 5; f2 = 4  l   4 f1
 
V   V 
36. f c  f 0 3 c   2  0 
l  4L   2 L0 

26
 4  V0  4  1  MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
on solving L0  3  V  L = 3 L    2 
 c  2 44. (C,D);   50 ;  2, A  0.001 mm . v 
37. To get beat frequency 1,2,3,5,7,8, it is possible  K
when other three tuning fork have frequencies 551, P
553, 558, etc.., 45. (A,C);   and   f 
38. With increases in tension, frequency of vibrating 
string will increases, since number of beats are 46. (A, C, D); For a plane wave intensity (energy
decreasing. Therefore frequency of vibrating string crossing per unit area per unit time) is constant at
or third harmonic frequency of closed pipe should all points.
be less than the frequency of tuning fork by 4. 1 2
V   340 
 3   4  3  4  344 Hz
 4l   4  0.75 
39. Apparent frequency
n'  n
 u  vw 
1 2
u  v w  vs cos 600  But for a spherical wave intensity at a distance r
510  330  20  from a point source of power P (energy transmitted
 per unit time) is given by
330  20  20 cos 600 S
350
 510   525 Hz
340
40. There is no relative motion
l
 V  V0   V  V0 
41. f1  f 2  f 0 ;  V  V  f   V  V  f  f0 S
 s   s 

f 0 2 f Vs  V0  Vf0
 ; Vs  V0   r
f V 2f P 1
I= or I

 v  v1   v  v2  4 r 2 r2
42. f1  5.5  f 0   ; f2  6  f0   47. (A, B, C); The shape of pulse x = 0 and t = 0
 v   v  would be as shown, in figure (A).
v - velocity of sound
0.8
v1 - velocity of A ; v2 - velocity of B y (0, 0) = = 0.16 m
5
v2 y
On solving v  2
1 0.16m
43. i  Wavelength of the incident sound
u
10u 
 2  19u –x 0 x
f 2f t = 0 (a)
From the figure it is clear that ymax = 0.16 m
f1  Frequency of the incident sound Pulse will be symmetric
10u  u 18 (Symmetry is checked about ymax) if at t = 0
 f  f  fr  Y(x) = y(–x)
u 19
10u  From the given equation
2
Frequency of the reflected sound 0.8 
y ( x) 
r  Wavelength of t he reflected sound 16 x 2  5 

and 0.8  at t =0
10u  u 11u 11 19 u y (– x) 
   19  . 16 x 2  5 
fr 18 f 18 f or y(–x) = y(–x)
i 19u 18 f 9 Therefore, pulse is symmetric.
  
r 2 f 11 19u 11 Speed of pulse
At t = 1 s and x = – 1.25 m

27
 y y 52. (ABCD) I  I1  I 2  2 I1I 2 cos 

0.16m 0.16m I max  9 I 0 I min  9 I 0

all intensities between I max and I min can be obtained
53. (A,D) If there is no relative motion between source
–x x and sound the frequency remains same.
x = –1.25m x=0
t = 1s t=0 54. (B,C) T1  T2 and so, v1  v2
value of y is again 0.16 m, i.e., pulse has traveled a it implies f1  f 2 and f1  f 2  6 Hz
distance of 1.25 m in 1 second in negative x-
direction or we can say that the speed of pulse is On increase of T1 , f1 will increase or  f1  f 2 
1.25 m/s and it is traveling in negative x-direction. will increase.On decrease of T1 , f1 will decrease
Therefore, it will travel a distance of 2.5 m in 2
seconds. The above statement can be better but now  f 2  f1  may be equal to 6 Hz.On
understood from figure (B). increase of T2 , f 2 will increase and now again
Alternate method
If equation of a wave pulse is y = f (ax ± bt)  f 2  f1  may become equal to 6 Hz.
b COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
The speed of wave is in negative x direction for Passage- I
a
y = f (ax + bt) and positive x direction for y = (ax – 2 x 2 l 
55. Amplitude = A sin Kx ; Kx     .
bt). Comparing this from given equation we can  2l 3 3
5 A 3
find that speed of wave is = 1.25 m/s and it is  
4 2
traveling in negative x-direction. 56. K.E is maximum after covering a phase of
48. (AC); For closed organ pipe,   3 3T 3 2 3
   time of  
 v nv 4 2 4 8 8 w 4w
f = n  4l  where, n = 1, 3, 5 …;  l = 4 f l 2
  1 1m 1
57.  dk   2 dm v   2 l dx  A sin kx w  4 mA w
2 2 2

(1)(330) 0
For n = 1, l1 = 4  264 × 100 cm = 31.25 cm 2 2 
(here k    )
For n = 3, l3 = 3l1 = 93.75 cm  2l l
For n = 5, l5 = 5l1 = 156.25 cm Passage II
49. (ABC); For closed pipe. 100 92
 v 58. (A) fb  f1  f 2    4 Hz
f = n  4l  n = 1, 3, 5 ….. 2 2
  w 100
59. (A) V    200m / s
v 320 k 0.5
For n = 1, f1 = 4l  4  1 = 80 Hz 60. (A) At x = 0 y = y1 + y2 = 2A cos 96  t cos4  t
Frequency of cos(96  t) = 48Hz. resultant
For n = 3, f3 = 3f1 = 240 Hz frequency of the wave is 48 Hz.
For n = 5, f5 = 5f1 = 400 Hz Passage-III
 correct options are (a), (b) and (d). 61-62. In this question there are two possiblity
50. (ABC); Standing waves can be produced only x=0 D
when two similar type of waves (same frequency
A x=0 B C
and speed but amplitude may be different) travel in
opposite directions. 15cm 15cm
In case 1 if x = 0 is taken at antinode then
51. (ABCD); Beats are periodic variations in the A  a cos kx ...(i)
intensity of sound when two sound wages of nearly In case 2 if x = 0 is taken at node then
equal frequencies travel in the same direction. One A  a sin kx ...(ii)
loud sound followed by a faint sound from one beat From (i) and (ii)
and the number of beats formed per second is called 
a cos kx = a sin kx or kx 
beat frequency. 4

28
Passage-IV 5 L 5
for second overtone L  at x  
2 4 2 8
63.    0.1mm  cos  y  1cm  cos 2 7  400  t pressure amplitude at middle
80
end correction is 1cm, so at = -1cm 2 5 5 P0
p  P0 sin ; P0 sin
=
2  8 2 4
   0.1mm  cos  1cm  1cm  70. At open end maximum and minimum pressures are
80
P0 , P0
  0.1mm  cos  0 
5
 Antinode 71. at clos ed end x  L 
4
So upper end is open. at lower end y  99cm 2 5
P  P0 sin  P0
2  4
   0.1mm  cos  99  1
80  Pmax  P0  P0 Pmin  P0  P0
5 Passage-VI1
 0.01cos  0  Node
2 0.06 1
tube is closed at lower end So tube is open - closed. 72. Mass per unit length of PQ, m1  
4.8 80
d
64. Pex   B 0.2
dx Mass per unit length of QR, m2 
2 2 2.56
  5105   0.1103  sin  y 1cm cos2  400 t T
80 80 Speed of wave in wire PQ , v1  m  80m / sec
1
2
 125 N / m 2  sin  y  1cm  cos 2  400t  73.. Speed of wave in wire
80
10 T
65. End correction = (0.3) d = 1cm ; d  cm QR , v2  m1
 32m / sec
3
 d 2    10 
2 Time taken by pulse to reach from P to R
2
vol. of tube   4  l  4  3  100cm
 4.8 2.56
       0.14 seconds
10 v1 v2
(take 1=0.99m  1m)  lit 74. Reflected amplitude is given by
36
10
Ar 
v2  v1
Ai 
 32  80   3.5
Moles  moles (22.4 lt.conmtains 1  1.50cm
36  22.4 v2  v1  32  80 
10 10
mole lt contains mole) 75. vP  v  slope 
36 36  22.4
Passage-V MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS
66 (B) The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s; the 76. (A) – (p), (q), (r), (B)–(p),(q),(r), (C) – (s), (D)–(s)
passengers in A are moving at 20 m/s against the Fixed points of the string are nodes and free end is
direction of propagation while those in B are moving antinodes Wave length corresponds to N segments
at 30 m/s in the direction of propagation. 2l nv
67. (A) The engine as well as the passengers in train A when both end are fixed   n fn  2l with n = 1,
are moving with the same velocity, therefore the 2, 3, In closed end organ pipe closed end will be
distribution of sound intensity in the whistle remains node while free end will be antinode.
unchanged.
68. (A) The spread in frequency (as observed by  
passengers in B)  V   V  4
   f  f
30 77. A) 1  V  Vs  V  5
1 V  
 4
 f . 340  320  310  310
20 Hz.  
1 320
340  V   V  4
Passage -VI 2       f  f
 V  Vs  V 3
2 x V  
69. P   P0  sin  4


29
 8 exchange of heat between compressed layer,
   2  1  f
15 rarefied layer and surrounding.
B) 1  f p
V 82. Velocity of sound in gases V 
  d
 V  V0  V  4  5
2      f  f 83. Laplace correction.
 V  Vs  V 3 84.. (B); Two sound of heard because of different sound
V  
 4  speed in air and steel.
 V  85. Resonance phenomenon
C) 1   2   V  V  f 86. Pressure at node is not constant.
 s  87 (C); The person will hear the loud sound at nodes
  0 than at antinodes. We know that at anti–nodes the
 V  displacement is maximum and strain is minimum
D) 1   2   V  V  f while at nodes the displacement is zero and strain
 s 
is maximum. The sound is heard due to variation of
  0 pressure. Further, P = – E(dy/dt), where E is
 V  elasticity and dy/dt is strain. As strain is maximum
78.  app   
 V  R  at nodes, hence there is maximum variation of
79. f1  f 2  n Hz pressure and loud sound is heard.
88. (D) ;In beats resultant amplitude is function of time.
f1  f 2 or V1  V2 or T1  T2
89. (C) ; Number of beats = 524  410  14
If T1 is increased, f1 will increase or  f1  f 2  will Due to persistence of hearing we can hear more
increase and then f1  f 2  n Hz i.e. beat than 10 beats per second two waves of same
frequency changes. But if T1 is decreased, f1 will frequencies and amplitude superimpose give
stationary waves.
decrease or  f1  f 2   nHz . So (A)Q. 90. The correct choices is (a). When two waves of
T1 T2 amplitudes a1 and a2 superpose to produce beats,
In the same way  T1  T2  / 2   = the resultant amplitude of the maximum of intensity
2 2
 T1  is l = a1 + a2.
  K  decreases, f1 will decrease, then INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
2 
 f 2  f1  may become equal to nHz . Similarly if 91. 2; v  T  T
A υ
is constant A  T
T2 is increased, f 2 will increase and now  f 2  f1  
V
may be equal to n Hz. But if T2 is decreased, f 2 92. 1; Open tube f1 
2L
will decrease and  f 2  f1   nHz . V
f2  f2
80. x ,  y and z are actual wavelengths at which Close tube L 1
4  ; f
maximum energy is radiated.  2 1

From Wien’s law xTx   yTy  zTz v1 L2 124

93. 6; v  L  L2  186  90  60cm
If Tx  Ty  Tz , x  z 2 1
As these wavelength appear equal on reaching 94. 5;   20m ; m = 1 gm; T = 0.5 N; f = 100 Hz
ground, x has increased more than  y and so on, 1103 1 0.5
  102 ; V   10m / s
20  102 2 0.5  102
Hence Vx  V y  Vz or Vx  Vz etc. 
ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS   0.1 ;  0.05m  5cm .
2
81. (A); According to Laplace, the changes in pressure 95.. 5 ; A  A 2  A 2  2A A cos 
1 2 1 2
and volume of a gas, when sound waves propagates
1
through it, are not isothermal, but adiabatic. A gas is 96.. P   2 A2 sV
a bad conductor of heat. It does not allow the free 2

30
 1 1 f1 1 2 2
since   2 , f    1 1  y 
101. P.E  T .   .dx ; K=9
2 2 2  x 
since P1  P2 , 1 A1  2 A2 1 1
102. K .E.  m A  A   E  con 
2 2
Pressure amplitude, P0  B0 Ak 2 v
 A1  k1  2 2 2
103. d= (V t  L ) / 4
 Po 1 /  Po 2     T L R
 A2  k 2 
 A    1 2
  1  2        1
d
 A2  1   2  1 
97. let no. of loops formed in first case =n ; x1 n  1
Let no. of loops formed in second ; case = (n+k)
x2 l
LEVEL-VI
x2  n  k   l ;  ,k  2
x1 l  kx1
On comparing we get k=2 SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 T 1. The amplitude of a wave disturbance
98. Fundamental frequency is given by V= (with propagating in the positive x–direction is
2l 
1 1
both the ends fixe(D)) given by y  at t = 0 and y  at
1  x2 2  x2  2 x
1 t  2s , where x and y are in meter. Assuming
 Fundamental frequency v  that the shape of the wave disturbance does
l 
[for same tension in both strings] not change during the propagation, the speed
where  = mass per unit length of wire of the wave is
= .A ( = density) = (r2) a)0.5 M/S b) 1 M/S c)1.5 M/S d) 2 M/S
l 2. S1 and S2 are two coherent sound sources
Or   r; v separated by distance 100.25  , where  is
rl
the wave length of wave. S1 leads S2 in phase
v1 r2   l2   r   2L  by  / 2 . A and B are two points on the line
 = r  l  =   = l joining S1 and S2 as shown in figure. The ratio
v2 1   1   2r   L 
99. Energy E  (amplitude)2 (frequency)2 of amplitudes of sources S1 and S2 are in the
Amplitude (A) is same in both the cases, but ratio 1 : 2. The ratio of intensity at A to that of
frequency 2 in the second case is two times the  IA 
frequency () in the first case. B  I  is
Therefore, E2 = 4E1  B
A S1 S2 B
3  10 K  t dx
100. v   100.25
3  102 dt
L t 1
10 0 a)  b) c) 0 d) 9
9
 dx 
0 3 
0
3-10kt.dt
3. The ends of a stretched wire of length L are
3 fixed at x = 0 and x = L. In one experiment the
where t 0   For F=0   x 
10K displacement of the wire is y1 = A sin  L 
3  
  10k sin t and energy is E 1 and in other
10   3  10kt   experiment its displacement is
L  
3  3   10k    2x 
y2 = A sin  L  sin 2 t and energy is E2.
2 0  
Then: (IIT - JEE - 2001)
2 2 a) E2 = E1 b) E2 = 2E1
l  3 3   k  2N / s
3 3k k c) E2 = 4E1 d) E2 = 16E1

31
4. A transverse sinusoidal wave moves along a 8. An object of specific gravity  is hung from
string in the positive x–direction at a speed of
a thin steel wire. The fundamental
10 cm/s. The wavelength of the wave is 0.5 m
and its amplitude is 10 cm. At a particular frequency for transverse standing waves in
time t, the snap–shot of the wave is shown in the wire is 300 Hz. The object is immersed
figure. The velocity of point P when its in water, so that one half of its volume is
displacement is 5 cm is (IIT - JEE - 2008)
y submerged. The new fundamental
frequency (in Hz) is :
P (IIT - JEE - 1995)
x
12 12
 2 – 1   2 
a) 300  2  b) 300  2 – 1 
   
3 3 ˆ
a) ĵ m / s b)  j m/s
50 50  2   2 – 1 
c) 300  2 – 1  d) 300  2 
3 3    
c) î m / s d)  î m / s
50 50
9. Two vibrating strings of the same material
5. The displacement y of a particle executing
periodic motion is given by but of lengths L and 2L have radii 2r and r
2
y  4 cos  t  sin 1000t  . This expression may be respectively. They are stretched under the
considered to be a result of the superposition same tension. Both the strings vibrate in
of waves : (IIT - JEE - 1992) their fundamental modes, the one of length
a) two b) three c) four d) five L with frequency v1 and the other with
6. A string has a linear mass density '  ' and a
v1
length L = 3m. Its two ends are D =2m apart. frequency v2. The ratio v is given by: (IIT
2
Two blocks of mass M  8 kg each aree
suspended from the string as shown in the - JEE - 2000)
figure. The time taken by a wave pulse to a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) 1
travel from point A to point B is 10. In the experiment for the determination of
the speed of sound in air using the
T1
T2 resonance column method, the length of the
A B air column that resonates in the
fundamental mode with a tuning fork is 0.1
m. When this length is changed to 0.35 m,
M M the same tuning fork resonates with the
 L  L g L  first overtone. The end correction is
a) L b) c) d)
g 2 g 2  3 g
7. A rope of mass ‘m’ and length ‘L’is a)0.012m b)0.025m c)0.05m d)0.024m
suspended vertically. If a mass ‘M’is
suspended from the free end of the rope, the 11. A train is moving on a straight track with
time taken by a transverse wave pulse speed 20 m/s . It is blowing its whistle at the
generated at the bottom to travel to the top is frequency of 1000 Hz. The percentage
L L change in the frequency heard by a person
a) 2 mg  M  m  m  b) mg  M  m  m 
standing near the track is as the train
1 L L passes him, is (V = 320 m/s)
c) 2 mg  M  m  d) mg
 M  m  a) 18 % b) 24% c) 6% d) 12%

32
12. A police car moving at 22 m/s chases a
motorcyclist. The police man sound his horn
at 176 Hz, while both of them move towards a
stationary siren of frequency 165 Hz. If the
motorcyclist does not observe any beats, the
speed of motor cycle is (IIT - JEE- 2003)
(velocity of sound is 330ms 1 )
Police car Motorcycle
16. Two wires of different linear mass densities
are joined, consider the junction to be at x = 0.
An incident wave y1  Ai sin  t  k1x  is
travelling to the right from the region x  0 .
At the boundary the wave is partly reflected
and partly transmitted. If Ai , A r a n d At
respectively represent the incident reflected
A
r
and transmitted amplitudes then A  (
t

given k2 is the wave number of transmitted

wave)
Stationary siren
22m/s, 176Hz V 2k1 k1  k 2 k1  k2 2k1
(165 Hz)
a) 33 m/s b) 22 m/s c) zero d) 11 m/s a) k  k b) 2k c) 2k d) k  k
1 2 1 1 1 2
13. A string of length 0.4 m and mass 10–2 kg is 17. Two loud speakers are being compared, and
tightly clamped at its ends. The tension in the one is perceived to be 32 times louder than
string is 1.6 N. Identical wave pulses are the other. The difference in intensity levels
between the two when measured in decibels.
produced at one end at equal intervals of time is
t . The minimum value of t , which allows a) 60 b) 40 c) 50 d) 30
constructive interference between 18. There are three source of sound of equal
successive pulses, is : intensities with freqency ( n-1) ,n, ( n+1) Hz.
The beat freqency heard if all the sources are
a) 0.05 s b) 0.10 s c) 0.20 s d) 0.40 s switched on simultaneously is
14. A train moves towards a stationary observer a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 0
with speed 34 m/s. The train sounds a whistle 19. The temperature at which the fundamental
and its frequency recorded by the observer is frequency of an organ pipe is independent of
f1. If the train’s speed is reduced to 17 m/s, small variation in temperature in terms of the
the frequency registered is f2. If the speed of coefficient of linear expansion   of the
f1 material of the tube is
sound is 340 m/s then the ratio f is : 1 1 1 1
2
a) b) c) d)
(IIT - JEE - 2000)  3 2 4
20. The figure shows the location of a source and
18 1 19
a) b) c) 2 d) detector at time t = 0. the source and
19 2 18
detector are moving with velocities
15. A simple harmonic oscillator of frequency ‘f’
  5i m / s and   10 j m / s respectively..
s D
is attached to the end of a cord that has a
The frequency of signals received by the
linear mass density '  ' and is under a tension detector at the moment when the source
‘T’. The average power that must be crosses the origin is ( the frequency of source
provided to the cord by the oscillator to is 100 Hz.velocity of sound 330 ms 1 )
generate a sinusoidal wave of amplitude ‘A’,
angular frequency '  ' and speed ‘v’ is
S
 2 A2v
a)  2 A2 v b) 100m
2 100m

 2 A2v 2 3 2 A2v D

c) d)
2 2 a) 97Hz b) 47Hz c) 90Hz d) 60Hz
33
21. A boy is moving along a circular track in p
anticlockwise sense. A children train moves
along a square path with centres of circular S1
track and square both coinciding, as shown in
the figure. the train as well as the boy start 
from points B and A such that points O, A and 0
B always lie on the same radial line. The
velocity of listener is 11 m/s. The train S2
continuously whistles at frequency 300 Hz.
during one such complete rotation the d d d d
maximum and minimum frequency heard by a)  sin  , cos  sin  , cos 
b)
2 2 2 2
the boy. are respectively ( Take velocity of
sound 330 m/s) d d d d
c) cos  , sin  d) sin  , cos 
C B 2 2 2 2
24. A bat moving at 10ms 1 towards a wall sends
D a sound signal of 8000 Hz towards it. On
a reflection it hears a sound of frequncy f. The
a/4
value of f in Hz is close to (speed of sound =
320ms 1 ) (JEE MAINS 2015 ONLINE)
E
a) 8258 b) 8516
9000 9000 c) 8000 d) 8424
a) Hz , Hz
30  2 2 30  2 2 25. Figure shows two snapshots of medium
9000 9000 particles within a time interval of 1/60 s. Find
b) Hz , Hz the possible time periods of the wave
30  4 2 30  4 2
Y
6000 6000 1 1
c) Hz, Hz
30  2 2 30  2 2 0.866
2
X
6000 6000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
d) Hz, Hz
30  4 2 30  4 2 1
22. A whistle of frequency f0=1300Hz is dropped
1 1
from a height H = 505 m above the ground. At a) 10  6n  1 b) 10  5n  1
the same time, a detector is projected
upwards with velocity   50 ms 1 along the 1 1
c) 10  6n  1 d) 20  6n  1
same line. If the velocity of sound is
V=300ms-1, The frequency detected by the 26. Airport authority has made the regula
detector after t = 5s is (g=10ms-2) tions that maximum allowable intensity level
a) 1600 Hz b) 1500 Hz detected by a microphone situated at the end
c) 1700 Hz d) 1800 Hz of 1630 m long runway can be 100 dB. An
23. Two coherent sources S1 and S 2 are very y aeroplane when flying at a height of 200 m
fare from screen as shown in figure, O is the produces an intensity level of 100 dB on
middle point of S1S 2 and origin of the ground. While taking off, this aeroplane makes
coordinate system, as shown, such that an angle 300 with horizontal. Find the maximum
POX   . Find the coordinate of source S1 distance this aeroplane can cover on the
runway, so that the regulations are not violated
when sources are rotated about point O so
(assume no reflection).
that no interference effect is observed at P?
(S1 S2= d) a) 1200 m. b) 1230 m c) 1430 m d) 1530 m.

34
27. Sound from two coherent sources S1 and S 2 MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
are sent in phase and detected at point P 30. A wave equation which gives the
equidistant from both the sources. Speed of displacement along the y-direction is given
sound in normal air is V0 , but in some part in by: y = 10–4 sin (60 t + 2x) where x and y are in
metres and t is time in seconds. This
path S1 , there is a zone of hot air having represents a wave:
temperature 4 times, the normal temperature, a) traveling with a velocity of 30 m/s in the negative
and width d. What should be minimum x-direction
frequency of sound, so that minima can be b) of wavelength  m
found at P? c) of frequency 30/  hertz
d) of amplitude 10–4 m traveling along the negative
S1 x-direction
d 31. A wave is represented by the equation;
4T y = A sin (10  x + 15  t +  /3)
0
where x is in meters and t is in seconds. The
expression represents:
P a) a wave traveling in the positive x-direction with
a velocity 1.5 m/s.
b) a wave traveling in the negative x-direction with
S2 a velocity 1.5 m/s
V0 4V0 V0 2V0 c) a wave traveling in the negative x-direction with
a) b) c) d) a wavelength 0.2 m
d d 2d d
28. Two engines pass each other moving in oppsite d) a wave traveling in the positive x-direction with
a wavelength 0.2 m
directions with uniform speed of 30ms 1 . One
32. A transverse sinusoidal wave of amplitude a,
of them is blowing a whistle of frequency 540
wavelength  and frequency f is traveling on
Hz. Calceulate the frequency heard by driver
of second engine before they pass each other a stretched string. The maximum speed of
sp eed of sou n d i s 330ms 1 (MAINS-2016 v
any point on the string is , where v is the
10
ONLINE)
speed of propagation of the wave. If a = 10–3
a) 450 Hz b) 540 Hz
c) 648 Hz d) 270 Hz m and v = 10 m/s, then  and f are given by :
29. Radio waves coming at angle  to vertical
are received by a ladder after reflection from a)  = 2  × 10–2 m b)  = 10–3 m
a nearby water surface and also directly. What 103
can be height of antenna from water surface c) f = Hz d) f = 104 Hz
2
so that it records a maximum intensity (a
33. A triangular pulse is moving with speed 2 cm/
maxima) (wavelength =  )
s along a rope (kept along x-axis) whose one
end is free at x = 0 as shown in the figure.
Choose the correct option regarding this
pulse.
h
 1cm
X=0
A O B
   
a) b) c) d) 2cm 1cm 1cm
2 cos  2 sin  4 sin  4 cos 

35

2cm
a) 0.5 cm
2cm x=0 At t=1s
2cm
b)
2cm x=0 At t=1s
c) particle speed (between A to O) at t = 0 s is
1 cm/s
d) particle speed (between A to O)at t = 0 s is
2 m/s.
34. A wave disturbance in a medium is described
 
by y(x, t) = 0.02 cos  50t  2  cos (10  x),
 
where x and y are in metre and t is in second
a) a node occurs at x = 0.15 m
b) an antinode occurs at x = 0.3 m
c) the speed of wave is 5 ms–1
d) the wavelength is 0.2 m
35. Two identical point particles A and B are
placed in front of a concave mirror of focal
length 20 cm, at distances 10 cm and 30 cm
respectively. The particles oscillate perpen-
dicular to the principal axis, such that the
displacement equation for both the particles
is given by Y A = YB = 0.1 sin( t). The correct
statement (s) is/are
a) displacement equation of the image of particle A
'
is YA  0.2sin  t   / 2 
b) displacement equation of the image of particle B
' the medium at a distance r from a sound source
is YB  0.2sin  t  
 
c) time period of oscillation of both the images is
2s.
d) relative vertical dispalcement of image of A with
'
respect to image of B is YAB  0.4 sin   t 
36. Two loud speakear M&N are located 20m
aport and emit sound at frequencics 118 Hz
and 121 Hz, respectively. A car is initifally at
point P, 1800m away from the mid point Q of
the line MN and moves towards Q
constantly at 60 kmph along the
perpendiclar bisector MN. It crosses Q and
eventrally reaches, a point R, 1800 m away
from Q. Let v  t  represents the beat
frequency measured by a person sitting in
the car at time 't'. Let vP , vQ and vR be the
beat frequencies measured at locations
P, Q and R respectively. The speed of sound
in air is 330ms 1 . Which of the following
statemant (s) is (are) true regarding the
sound heard by the person?(JEE-ADV-2016)
a) The plot below represents schematically the
variation of beat frequency with time
vt vt
P
P Q
vQ vQ
R R
t t
b) The rate of change in beat frequency is maximum
when the car passes through Q.
c) v p  vR  2vQ
d) The plot below represents schematically the
variations of beat frequency with time
37. A sound wave of frequency f travels
horizontally to the right. It is reflected from a
large vertical plane surface moving to left
with a speed v. The speed of sound in medium
is C : (IIT - JEE - 1995)
a) The number of wave striking the surface per
c  v
second is f
c
c (c – v )
b) The wavelength of reflected wave is f (c v)
c  v
c) The frequency of the reflected wave is f  c – v 
d) The number of beats heard by a stationary listener
2vf
to the left of the reflecting surface is c – v
38. Energy density E (energy per unit volume) of
vary according to the curve shown in figure.
Which of the following are possible?
Rectangular
hyperbola
E
r
a) The source may be a point isotropic source.
b) If the source is a plane wave source then the
medium particles have damped oscillations.
c) If the source is a plane wave source then power
of the source is decreasing with time
d) Density of the medium decreases with distance
r from the source
36
 COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS 43. Find the time t2
Passage -I L  V  V0  T V  Vs 
A narrow tube is bent in the form of a circle of a) b) V  V .T
radius R, as shown in the figure. Two small holes S V  Vs   0
and D are made in the tube at the positions right L  V  Vs  T L  V  Vs  T
angle to each other. A source placed at S c) d)
generates a wave of intensity I0 which is equally V  V0  V  V0 
divided into two parts: one part travels along the 44. Two pulses are emitted by sources at S
longer path, while the other travels along the and S | . What is the time lag by which
shorter path. Both the part waves meet at the point observer observe them ?
D where a detector is placed.
 V  Vs   V  Vs 
a)  V  V  T b)  V  V  T
 0   0 
R
 V  Vs   V  Vs 
S c)  V  V  T d)  V  V  T
 0   0 
Passage III
A train approaching a hill at a speed 40 km/hr
sounds a whistle of freqency 580 Hz, when it is a
distance of 1 km from the hill. A wind with speed
D 40 km/hr is blowing in the direction of motion of
39. If a maxima is formed at a detector then, the the train. (Velocity of sound in air = 1200 km / hr )
magnitude of wavelength of the wave 45. The frequency of the whistle as heard by an
produced is given by observer on the hill is
R R a) 599Hz b) 590Hz c) 610Hz d) 620Hz
a) R b) c) d) all of these 46. The distance from the hill at which the echo
2 4 from the hill is heard by the driver is
40. If a minima is formed at the detector then, the
magnitude of wavelength of the wave 31 29 29 30
a) km b) km c) km d) km
produced is given by 29 31 30 29
3 4 47. The frequency of echo is
a) 2R b) R c) R
2 5 a) 599Hz b) 590Hz c) 610Hz d) 620Hz
d) None of these
41. The maximum intensity produced at D is Passage IV
given by . A source is moving across a circle given by the
a) 4I0 b) 2I0 c) I0 d) 3I0 equation x 2  y 2  R 2 with constant speed
Passage II 330
Observe O is ahead by L from source S which s  m / s in clockwise sense. A detector is
6 3
are moving along same line with velocities V0 and stationary at the point ( 2R, 0 ) w.r.t. the centre of
VS respectively. The speed of sound is V.. the circle. The frequency emitted by the source is
The source emits a wave pulse that reaches the f s . ( velocity of sound 330 ms 1 )
obsever in time t1 . 48. The coordinates of the source when the
L detector records maximum frequency is
S SI O R R 3  R 3 R
At time t=T, the source reaches at S | . It is obvious a)  2 , 2  b)  2 , 2  c)  R , 0  d)  0,  R 
   
that the observer will not be at O this time. The 49. The coordinates of the source when the
source emits a wavepulse at this time to reach the detector detects mimimum frequency is
observer in time t2 , which is measured from t=0.
 R 3  R 3 R
42. Find the time t1 a)  R / 2, 2  b)  2 , 2 
   
L VL V0 L L
a) V  V b) V  V V c) V  V V d) V  V  c)  R, 0  d)  0,  R 
0 0 0 0 0 0

37
50. The values of the maximum and minimum Free Free
frequencies. are respectively end end
A
 6 3   6 3  92 c 2
2 2
a) f s   , f s   (C) A (r) 16 L A sin t
 6 3   6 3 
L
 6 3   6 3 
b) f s   , f s   A
   12 3     12 3  2 c 2 2
(D) (s) A sin2 t
 6 3   6 3  L 4 L
c) f s   , f s   Travelling wave
 3 3   3 3  53. Two sources of sound S1 and S2, emitting
 6 3   6 3  waves of equal wave length 40 cm are placed
d) f s   , f s   with separation of 10 cm between them.
  3    3 
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS Amplitudes of waves emitted are 6 mm and 8
51. Column I represents the wave speeds in four mm respectively. Four observers A, B, C, D
cases while column II represents the lie on line joining them as shown.
expressions for speeds. Match column I and A S1 C D S2 B
II so that the wave speed in column I matches 5cm 2.5cm 5cm 7cm
the corresponding expression in column II.
Column – I Column – II 10cm
P
(A)Longitudinal wave in solid rod (P) Column – I

(A) Resulting amplitude received by A
T (B) Resulting amplitude received by B
(B)Longitudinal wave in a liquid (Q)  (C) Resulting amplitude received by C
B (D) Resulting amplitude received by D
(C)Longitudinal wave in a gas (R) Column – II

(P) 12.95 cm (Q) 14 cm (R) 10 cm (S) 7 cm
Y
(D)Transverse wave in (S) 54. Match the Following:
 In column I the location of observer, wall and
a stretched string source with their corresponding uniform non
52. The diagrams in Column A show transverse zero speeds ( observer is stationary) are
sinusoidal standing/travelling waveforms on indicated and in column II corresponding
stretched strings. In each case, the string is information are given. Match them.
oscillating in a particular mode, and, its shape Column I
and other characteristics are shown at time t
= 0. The maximum amplitude (in all the cases)
is A, the velocity of the waveform on the
string is c, the mass per unit length of the (A) (B)
string is  and the frequency of vibration is f O S S O
(angular frequency =  ). The kinetic energy W W
of the string (of length L) is represented by
the functions in Column B. Match the correct
entries in Column B. (C) (D)
Column A Column B S O O S
Fixed Fixed W W
end end Column II
A 92 c 2 2 (p) Beats must be detected
(A) (p) A
4 L (q) Beats may be detected
L (r) Wavelength of sound wave after reflection
Fixed Free from wall may decrease to a value smaller than
end end actual value with stationary source.
A 92 c 2 2 (s) Wavelength of sound wave after reflection
(B) (q) A sin2 t
4 L from wall increase to a value greater than actual
L value with stationary source.

38
55. Two identical speakers emit sound waves of
A’ undergoes superposition. If i and 
frequency 103 Hz uniformly in all directions.
The audio output of each speaker is devotes initial phase difference and path
9 /10 mW . A point ‘P’ is at a distance 3 m difference of S1 w.r.t S2 and 'A R '
from the speaker S1 and 5 m from speaker resultent amplitude then
Column- I Column- II
S 2 . Resultant intensity at P is I R . Match the
items in Column I with the items in column II.  
I) i  1)  
Column - I 2 4
i) If the speakers are incoherent, then
ii) If the speakers are driven coherently and in phase 
at P II) i  2)   0
iii) If the speakers are driven coherently and out of 3
phase by 1800 at P, then
 
iv) If the speaker S 2 is switched off, then III) i   3)   
Column-II 6 4
 
a) I R  64 W / m 2 b) I R  25 W / m 2 IV) i   4)   
2 2
c) I R  34 W / m 2 d) I R  4 W / m 2
THREE MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS Column- III(AR)
56. A sound source (s) is moving towards a P) 5A
moving wave reflector (R). If VS ,VP abd V Q) 3A
denotes speed of source, reflector and
R) 2A
sound respectively and i , R denotes
S) 2A
incident reflected wave length respectivley i) Select the correct option
then A) (I) (3) (P) B) (I) (1) (S)
Column- I Column- II C) (I) (2) (R) D) (II) (4) (P)
ii) Select the correct option
I)  VS 1)  VR A) (I) (1) (P) B) (III) (2) (Q)
C) (II) (1) (P) D) (II) (3) (P)
II)  VS 2)  VR iii) Select correct
A) (IV) (4) (R) B) (IV) (1) (P)
III) VS  0 3) VR  0 C) (IV) (3) (S) D) (II) (4) (Q)
Column- III INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
58. A train approaching a railway crossing at a
P) R  i speed of 120 km/hr sounds a short whistle at
Q) R  i frequency f 0  640 Hz .when it is 300 m away
R) f R  fi from the crossing. The speed of sound in air is
340 m/sec. A person standing on a road
i) Select the correct option perpendicular to the track at a distance 400 m
A) (I) (2) (P) B) (I) (2) (R) from the crossing, hears frequency f1 . The
C) (II) (1) (R) D) (III) (2) (R)
ii) Select the incorrect option value of f1  f 0  10 x . Find the value of x ?
A) (III) (2) (R) B) (II) (1) (P) 59. A closed organ pipe is vibrating in
fundamental frequency. There are two points
C) (I) (3) (R) D) (I) (3) (Q) A and B in the organ pipe as shown, at a
iii) Select option for f R  fi
A) (I) (2) (R) B) (I) (3) (P) distance AB  L n . Ratio of maximum
C) (II) (1) (R) D) Not possible pressure variation at point A to point B is
57. Two coherent wave source‘S1’ and ‘S2’ 2 / 3 find value of n.
each of wave length '  ' and ampitude ‘

39

B frequency of the closed organ pipe is also
L/n
A 67. Two sound sources are moving away from a
60. A wire having a linear mass density
5.0  103 kg / m is streched between two rigid
supports with a tension of 450N. The wire
resonates at a frequency of 420Hz. The next
higher frequency at which the same wire
resonates is (420 + 10x) Hz. Length of wire is
2.1 m. Value of x is nearly.
61. A source emitting sound of frequency is
placed in front of a wall at a distance of 2m
from it. A detector is also placed in front of
the wall at some distance from it. Find the
minimum distance (in meter) between the
source and the detector for which the
detector detects a maximum of sound speed
of sound in air = 360 m/sec
62. A source of sound S and a detector D are
placed at some distance from one another. A
big cardboard is placed near the detector and
perpendicular to the line SD as shown in
figure. It is gradually moved away and it is
found that the intensity changes from a
maximum to a minimum as the board is
moved through a distance of 20 cm. The
frequency of the sound emitted is found out to
be "70 x " Hz . Find the value of x ?
( Velocity of sound in air is 336 ms-1)
S D
63. Calculate the frequency of beats produced in
air to the nearest integer value when two
sources of sound are activated, one emitted a
wavelength of 32 cm and the other of
32.2cm.The speed of sound in air is
350 ms-1.
64. Two tuning forks with natural frequencies of
340 Hz each move relative to a stationary
observer. One fork moves away from the
observer, while the other moves towards him
at the same speed. The observer hears beats
of frequency 3 Hz. The speed of the tuning
fork is found out to be "6 / n " ms 1 find n?
( given (velocity of sound 340 ms 1 )
65. An observer standing at a railway crossing
receives frequency of 2.2 kHz and 1.8 kHz
when the train approaches and recedes from
the observer. The velocity of the train is 10n
then find n. [The speed of the sound in air is
300 m/s]
66. nth harmonic of a closed organ pipe is equal
to mth harmonic of a open pipe. First over tone
equal to first overtone frequency of the open
organ pipe. Find the value of n, if m=6.
stationary observer in opposite directions with
velocities V1 and V2 V1  V2  . The frequency
of both the sources is 900Hz. V1 and V2 are
both quite less than speed of sound V=300m/
sec. Find the value of V1  V2  so that beat
frequency observed by observer is 6 Hz. (in
m/sec)
68. A closed and an open organ pipe of same
length are set into vibrations simultaniously
in thier fundamental mode to produce 2 beats.
The length of open organ pipe is now halved
and of closed organ pipe is double. Now find
the number of beats produced.
69. The displacement Vs time graph for two
waves A and B which travel along the same
string are shown in the figure. Their intensity
IA
ratio I is
B
y A
3
t
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-2 B
LEVEL-VI - KEY
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) B 6) B
7) A 8) A 9) D 10) B 11) D 12) B
13) B 14) D 15) B 16) B 17) C 18)A
19) C 20) A 21) A 22) B 23) A 24) B
25) A 26)B 27) A 28) 3 29) D
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
30) A,B,CD 31) B,C 32) A,C
33) A,C 34) A,B,C,D 35) B, C,D
36) B,C,D 37) A,B,C,D
38) A,B,C,D
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
39) D 40) A 41) B 42) D 43) C 44) D
45) A 46) B 47) D 48) B 49) D 50) A
40
 MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS Therefore, E2 = 4E1
51) A-S; B-R; C-P; D-Q y y
4. (A) v P  t  v x is positive and can only be
52) A-Q; B-R; C-S; D-P
along y–axis.
53) A-R; B-R; C-P; D-Q
y  A sin  t  kx   5  10sin  t  kx 
54) A-Q,R; B-P,S; C-P; D-P,R
55) (i )  c; (ii )  a; ( iii )  d ; (iv )  b 
t  kx  
THREE MATRIX MATCHING 6
QUESTIONS 5. (B) Given : y  4 cos 2  t  sin 1000t 
56) i) B, ii) C, iii) D  2 1  cos 2t  sin 1000t 
57) i) B, ii) C, iii) A = 2sin1000t  2sin1000t  cos 2t
INTEGER ANSWER QUESTIONS  2 sin1000t  sin1002t  sin 998t
58) 4 59) 3 60)7 61) 3 62) 6 63) 7 Thus the periodic motion consists of three
64) 4 65) 3 66) 9 67) 2 68) 7 69) 1 components.
6.

LEVEL-VI - HINTS
T1
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS T2
1 A B
1. (A) At t  0 , y  ,
1 x2
1 1
At t  2s, y 
2  x  2 x 1   x  1 2
2

M M
1 1
Hence 1  vt  v    0.5 m / s
t 2 T1cos
2. (B) ; For interference at A : T1

S2 is behind of S1 by a distance of 100 (equal 
4
  T2
to phase difference ). Further S2 lags S1 by . T1sin
2 2
Hence the waves from S1 and S2 interfere at A with
a phase difference of 200.5  + 0.5  =
201    .
Hence the net amplitude at A is 2a – a = a T1 cos   Mg ; T1 sin   T2  T2  Mg tan 
For interference at B :
 L 3
S2 is ahead of S1 by a distance of 100  . (equal  m
4 4 4
 
to phase difference )
2

Further S2 lags S1 by .
2
Hence waves from S1 and S2 interfere at B with a
phase difference of 1 L 1
200.5   0.5   200  0  . D   m
2 2  4
Hence the net amplitude at A is 2a + a = 3a
3. (C); Energy E  (amplitude)2 (frequency)2
Amplitude (A) is same in both the cases, but 1 T Mg g
frequency 2w in the second case is two times the  tan   v 2  
frequency (  ) in the first case. 8  8 

41
 f' 2  '  w '
L L   
t AB  ; t AB  f 2 '  w = specific gravity =
2v 2 g
2 1
f '  300 Hz
2
1 T
L-x 9. (D) ; Fundamental frequency is given by v = 2l 
(with both the ends fixed)
A
1 T v1 l2 r2 2 Lr
  v  ;    1
7. x 2l r 2 v2 l1 r1 L2r
10. (B) ; Let l be the end correction.
Given that, fundamental tone for a length 0.1 m =
M first overtone for the length 0.35 m.
v 3v
mxg = 4(0.35  l )
Tension at A = T = Mg  4(0.1  l )
L
 velocity of pulse at A is given by Solving this equation, we get Δl  0.025m
 M  mx  g dx g 11.  V   320 
  dt f1  f    f   Hz
dx L mx   V  V s   300 
v  M g
dt  L  V   320 
on integrating f2  f    f   Hz
 V  V s   340 
2L  mx  g
 M  g   t
m L 0   f2 
  1 100  12%
2L M  f1 
t
m Lg
 M m  M  12. (B); The motorcyclist observers no beats, so the
apparent frequency observed by him from two
L source must be equal
t2
mg

M m M   330  V   330  V 
f1  f 2  176    165 
8. (A) ; The diagrammatic representation of the  330  22   330 
given problem is shown in figure. The expression  v = 22 m/s
1 T 13. (B) Mass per unit length of the string,
of fundamental frequency is v = 2l  10 –2
m=
0.4
= 2.5  102 kg/m
T T  Velocity of wave in the string,
T 1.6
v = m  2.5  10–2 ; v = 8 m/s
For constructive interference between successive
Water pulses :
w=1g/cm 3 2l (2)(0.4)
t min   = 0.10 s
v 8
1 v ' g (After two reflections, the wave pulse is in same
T  mg  v  ' g ; f 
2l  phase as it was produced, since in one reflection its
phase changes by p and if at this moment next
V identical pulse is produced, then constructive
T '  mg  w g
2 interference will be obtained.)
v  v   340   340 
1 v  ' g  w g 14. (D) f1 = f  v – v  f1 = f  340 – 34  = f  306 
f ' 2  s     
2l   340   340  f1 323 19
and f2 = f  340 – 17  = f  323  ;  f = 
    2 306 18

42
15. let us consider a small element of mass ‘dm’ 2 1  2cos 2 t   2sin 2 t  .2  0
 dm    dx  1
 Total energy of element is  1  2cos 2 t  0  2 cos 2 t  
2
1
dE   dm   2 A2 2
2  2 t  2n  where n = 0, 1, 2......
1 3
 2 A2  dx  1
2 or t  n  where n = 0, 1, 2......
The rate at which energy is supplied is given by 3
dE 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 3
P =  A  dx   P   A v
dt 2 2  t  0, , , .....
2 1 2
16. x<0 0 x>0 also sin 2 t  0
yi  Ai sin  t  k1 x  or 2 t  n where n = 0, 1, 2.....
yt  At sin  t  k2 x  n 1 2
or t  where n = 0, 1, 2....  t  , ...
yr  Ar sin t  k1 x  2 3 3
at the boundary the displacement and slope of the cos 2 t  1, 1, 1,.....
wave is continuous then for these times  I  9 A2 , A2 ,9 A2 ,....
yi  yr  yt ; Ai  Ar  At  In one second we get two minima and two
maxima. Hence beat frequency is 2.
yi y y
 r  t v  RT
x x x 19. f  , l  l0 1    T  T0   ; v 
 Ai K1 cos t  Ar K1 cos t   At K 2 cos t 2l M
 we have to find the temperature at which
  Ai K1  Ar K1   At K 2 f  T   f  T0 
K1  K 2 2 K1
on solving Ar  K  K Ai , At  K  K Ai  RT  RT0
1 2 1 2
M  M
I2 I1
17.    2  1  10 log I  10 log I 2l0 1   T  T0   2l0
0 0
I2 T
10 log  1    T  T0 
I1 T0
Increasing the intenscity by a factor 10 changes 1/ 2
the sound level by 10dB, increasing by 100 changes  T  T0 
1    1    T  T0 
 by 20 dB. since  T 0 

32  25   5 10   50dB 1  T  T0  1
1    1   T  T0   T0 
18. y  A sin 2π  n  1 t  A sin 2π nt 2  T0  2
20.
 A sin 2π  n  1 t
90-
 2 A sin  2 nt  cos  2 t   A sin  2 nt 
D2
 resulting amplitude is R  A 1  2cos 2 t  r
100m
2
 I R
2 S 
I A2 1  2cos 2 t  1
d O
S
dI
for I to be maximum or minimum 0 100m 100m
dt
d 2
 1  2 cos 2 t  D1
dt Time taken by ‘S’ to travel from S to 0 = 20sec

43
 In this time detector goes from D1to D2 t t  t1
The signal received by detector at t = 20sec is not Let ‘h’ be dist moved by detected
that produced by source at ‘O’ but produced from 1 1 2
a position S 1 prior to ‘O’  
h  ut  gt 2 ; H  g t1  h  v t  t1
2 2
 
r d d v 5 1 1 2 1

v vs
cos    s 
r v 330 66

2
 
505  g t1  ut  gt 2  v t  t1
2
 
2
 1 
2  v  v0 sin   505  5  t   125  300  5  t 
1 1
sin  1     1  f D  f  
 66   v  vs cos   1 2

 330  10 
t   60 t   224  0  t1  4sec
1

 100   = 97 Hz  v  vs 
 330  5 / 66  f  f0  
21.  v  vs 
C B1 B G v0  u  gt  0 ; vs  gt1  40ms 1
vT 0
45 300
 1300  = 1500 Hz.
vT A1  300  40
D a 23. No interference effect is observed if S1| S 2| is
O
perpendicular to OP  x  0 
| d
x-coordinate of S1   sin 
E F 2
And velocity of boy and train around ‘O’ is same | d | d
a d a  (since OS1  ); y-coordinates of S1  cos 
BB1  Tan  vT   Tan  2 2
2 dt  2  V u 
a 11 24. f reflected   n
vT  sec 2  ;    a  44 V u 
2 a/4 25. The wavelength of the wave
a 44   12  0   14  2   12 units
velocity of train at B    22ms 1
2 2 Therefore, in time 1/60 s, the distance moved by
Just before the turn at ‘C’ vT component along the wave is
the line joining boy and train is away from boy just 
after turn at C, the component is towards boy  d  2  n      n ; n  J
6
He hears max and min at the turn.
velocity of train at d  
Velocity of wave: v  1/ 60   6  n  60
a    
C sec2 45  22  2  44 ms 1
2  1
v    

10  6n  1
f min  f T
v  vs cos 45 v   n  60
6 
330 30 26. Since aeroplane is producing intensity level of 100
 300   300 
330  22 2 30  2 2 dB at a distance of 200 m from it, and this is also
v 30 the maximum allowable sound level so as not to
f max  f  300  violate the regulations, the maximum distance of
v  vs cos 45 30  2 2 the plane from micro phone has to be 200 m. The
22. As sound takes finite time to travel, so the sound
received at t = 5 sec should have been emitted diagram that follows shows the situation exactly.
earlier. Let the aeroplane leave the runway, before x metres
Let t1 be the time at which source emits sound of the location of micro phone. Then, PM is the
which is detected at t = 5 sec. shortest distance between the microphone and the
Then the time duration for which sound moves is aeroplane.

44
 31. (BC) ;  = 15  , k = 10 

Microphone

Speed of wave, v=
= 1.5m/s
k
900 2 2

Wavelength of wave l = = 0.2 m
0 k 10
30 10  x and 15  t have the same sign. Therefore,
M wave is traveling in negative x-direction.
 correct options are (B) and (C).
x 32. (A, C) ;
0x Maximum speed of any point on the string = a
PM  x sin 30  = a(2  f)
2
v 10
x  = 10  10 = 1 (Given : v = 10 m/s)
 PM  200   x  400 m
2 1
So, the required distance is 1630-400=1230 m.  2  af = 1 ; f =
2a
27. Path difference =    1 d –3
a = 10 m (Given)
 R T0  1 103
 f = 2  10–3  2 Hz
V0 m0 1
   Speed of wave v = f 
V'  R  4T0  2
m0  103 –1 
 (10 m/s) =  2 s  
1  d  
|Path difference| = |   1 d |   = 2  × 10 –2
m
2  2
33. (AC); Superposition of two displacement is added
 d y = y1 + y2
For minima, path difference =  2n  1 
2 2 dy
d V Hence Answer is (A); v p  v w 
  V  2n  1 V dx
 2n  1 f ; f  ; f min  2
d d Hence, v p  2   1 cm / s
 V  Vo  2
28. n   V  V  n For the particle between A and O.
 s  34. (ABCD) ; It is given that
29. Total path difference = AB + BC +  / 2   y(x, t) = 0.02 cos (50  t +  /2) cos (10  x)
for maxima  A cos(  t +  /2) cos kx
h sec  cos 2  h sec    / 2  3
Node occurs when kx = , etc.
 2 2
 h sec  1  cos     3
2 10  x = ,  x = 0.05 m, 0.15 (option a)
2 2
 Antinode occurs when kx =  , 3  , etc.
h sec   2 cos 2     / 2; h 
4 sec  10  x =  , 3
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS  x = 0.1 m, 0.3 m (option b)
Speed of the wave is given by
30. (ABCD)
y = 10–4 sin (60t + 2x)  50
v=  = 5 m/s (option c)
A = 10–4 m, w = 60 rad/s, k = 2m–1 k 10
Wavelength is given by

Speed of wave v = = 30 m/s 2 2 1
k l = k  10   5  m = 0.2 m (option d)
 30  
Frequency f =  Hz.
2  35. Displacement of image of particle A is in phase with
2 the displacement of particle A hence the
Wavelength  =  m
2 displacement equation of particle A’ s image is
Further, 60 t and 2x are of same sign. Therefore,
the wave should travel in negative x-direction. Y ' A  0.2 sin   t  ..... 1
 All the options are correct.

45
 Displacement of image of particle B is out of At R,
phase with the displacement of particle B  V 
 R   R   N   M   1  o    00 
therefore the displacement of equation of  V 
particle B ' s image is At Q,      N   M   90 0 
YB '  0.2sin  t    ... 2   P   R  2
37. (A, B, C,D); The number of waves encountered
2 by the moving plane per unit time is given by
For both images       T  2s
T distance travelled
Relative vertical displacement of A.w.r.t. to B n= wavelength
is cv c v  v
=    1  c  = f  1  c  (option a)
YAB '  YA ' YB '    
The stationary observer meets the frequency f ’of
 0.2sin  t   0.2sin  t    the incident wave and receives the reflected wave
of frequency f” emitted by the moving platform as
 0.4sin   t  ...  3 f f (1  v c ) f ( c  v)
36. (B,C,D) f”= 1 – v c = 1 – v c = (c – v) (option c)
 V  V cos   c c c – v
 1M   o
 M Wavelength, l” = f   f  c  v  (option b)
 V   
 
PV f (1  v c )
0 COS  Beat frequency= f”–f = (1 – v c ) – f
 
v0 1 v c  (1  v c) f 2vf
= f  1 – v c – 1 = (1 – v c)  c – v
 
M Q N 38. (A,B,C,D); Due to propagation of a wave the
energy density at a point is given by E=I/v
R Where I is intensity at that point and v is wave
 V  V cos   propagation velocity.
 1N   o
 N It means energy density E is directly proportional
 V 
  to intensity I.
Beat frequency If power emitted by a point source is P then intensity
 V  Vo cos   at a distance r from it is equal to
   N  M   
 V  P 1
I 2
or I  2
4 r r
 V 
   N   M   1  o cos   Hence, the shape of the curve between I and r will
 V  also be same as that given in figure of the question.
Similarly between Q and R,
Hence option (a) is correct.
 V  If the source is a plane sound source then intensity
   N   M   1  o cos  
 V  at every point in front of the source will be same if
d V d damping does not take place. But if damping takes
      N   M  o sin  place then the amplitude of oscillation of medium
dt V dt
As they are large distance apart, at pand R, particles decreases with distance. Hence, the
 0 intensity decreases with the distance from the
 slope of graph is zero. source. In that case, the curve between I and r
d may have the same shape as shown in the figure
at Q.   900 ,sin  is maximum and is
dt given in the question. Hence option (b) is also
maximum correct.
 Vo  If the source is a plane wave source, intensity at
At P,  P   P   N   M   1     0 
0

 V  every point of the source will be the same.

46
 But if power of the source is decreasing with time
L  V  VS  T
then intensity will also decrease with time. But at t2 
an instant, intensity at every density at every point V  V0 
in front of source will also be same, though it will 44. When source approaches stationary obeserver
decrease with time. Hence, option(c) is wrong.  V 
2 2
Intensity , I  2 n a  v 2 f1  f    f (but consant)
 V  VS 
Since, intensity I   (density of medium) and When source recedes from stationary
density I is decreasing with distance, therefore, the  V 
density  also decreases with d is t a nc e observer f 2  f  V  V   f (but constant)
from the source. Hence, option (d) is also correct.  S 
Passage: III
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
 vv 
 1200  40 
Passage:I m
45. f  f 0  v  v  v   580    599 Hz.
39. (D) Path difference produced is  m s   1200  40  40 
46. Let ‘x’ be the distance from hill where echo is heard
3 
x  R  R  R  the distance travelled by train  1  x  km
2 2
For maxima : x = n  1 x 1 x 29
    x km
R 40 1240 1160 31
n =  R   = ,n  1,2,3,...  v  vm  v0 
n fecho  f 
47. 
  v  vm 
40. (A) For minima  R  (2n  1) Here f is the frequency that incidents on hill
2
580  1240  1200  40  40  580  1240 1200
Thus, the possible values of l are     =620 Hz.
1200  1200  40  1200 1160
2 2 2
2R, R, R, R,.....
3 5 7 Passage IV 48,49,50
2 A
41. (B) ; Maximum intensity, Imax   I1  I2  3R
R
I0
Here I1  I2  given 600 C
2 O 0
60 2R
2 (2R,O)
 I I 
 Imax   0  0   2I0 3R
 2 2 
 B
Passage II Frequency detected by detector is maximum when
42. Total distance travelled by wave pulse in source is directly towards it and minimum when it
t1  L  V0t1 is directly away from it.
From the geometry of diagram frequency detected
(because observe moves by V0t1 in time t1 ) is maximum when source is at ‘A’ minimum when it
This distnce is also given by Vt1 is at B
3R
L Time taken by source 
So, Vt1  L  V0t1 ; t1  v
V  V0 3R
43. Total distance travelled by wave pulse in time t 2 distance travelled by source = vs .
v
(measured from S ' )   L  VsT   V0t2 330
 angle swept out  6 3 . 330   / 6
3

Actual travel time =  t2  T    

 angle from horizontal   
The above distance is also given by V  t2  T  3 6 6
 R 3 R
V  t2  T    L  VS T   V0t 2  coordinates of source  2 , 2 
 

47
 similarly the coordinates of source when minimum 0.9 mW 1
frequency is detected are ( 0, - R ) I1  2
 mW  25  W / m 2
v v 330 4  3 4
f min  f s  fs  fs
v  vs v  vs 330 9 mW 9
330  I2   mW  9  W / m 2
6 3 2
40  5  1000
6 3 6 3
 fs ; similarly f max  f s For incoherent source,
 6 3 6 3
I R  I1  I 2   25  9   34  W / m 2
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
For coherent source,   0
Y B P
51. Vsolid  ; Vliquid  ; Vgas  I R  I1  I 2  2 I1I 2
  
2

Vstring 
T  I1  I 2  2
  5  3  64  W / m 2
 2
52. (A) – (q), (B) – (r), (C) – (s), (D) – (p) For    , I R   I1  I 2 
y  a sin kx cos t 2
1
  5  3  4 W / m 2
dk   ( dx )[a sin kx  cos t ]2
2 If the speaker S 2 is switched off,
1 2 2 2 2 I R  I1  25  W / m 2
= dx  a  sin kx sin t
2 THREE MATRIX MATCHING
1 l
QUESTIONS
k  a 2 k 2c 2 sin 2 t  (sin 2 kx) dx
2 0
 v  vR 
1 2 2 2 2 L 56. i) fi  f0  v  v 
= a k c sin t   now put the value of  S 
2 2
2  v 
k f R  fi  
  v  vR 
53. A - r, B - r, C - p, D - q
(A)  f R  fi
2   v 
 x = 10 cm ;     x  2 ii) fi  f 0  v  v 
 S 
A  A12  A 22 = 10 cm
f R  fi
(B)  x = 10 cm ; (C)  x = 7.5 - 2.5
2  iii) Due to the motion of reflector f r  f i
  5 
40 4 2
1 57. net  0  
A  62  82  2  6  8  
2  167.88
 
A  12.95 cm A net  2 A0 cos  net 
(D)  x = 0 ;  f = 0 ; A = A1 + A2 = 14 cm  2 
54. (A - q,r); (B - p,s); (C -p); (D -p,r)  2 
Apply Dopplers effect i) net   =0
2  4
P  A net  2 A0
55. I 
4 r 2  2  
S1 ii) net   
3m 3  4 6
P
A
Anet = 2  3A 0
5m  2    
S2 iii) net      
2   2 2
B  A net  2A 0

48
 INTEGER ANSWER QUESTIONS  –1
vs    vs  
or 340  340   – 340 1  340   = 3
 1 –
 V     
58. (4) f1  f 0  V  V cos   as vs << 340 m/s
 s 
Using binomial expansion, we have
340
 640   680Hz f1  f 0  40  vs   vs 
340  20 340  1  340  – 340 1 – 340  = 3
   
59. (3) y  2A sin kx cos t
2  340  vs
P  2BAk cos kx cos t  = 3;  vs = 1.5 m/s
340

P A  v 
1 2 65. From the relation, f ’ = f  v  v  , we have
   s 
P B  3 ; n = 3.
cos
2n  300 
2.2 = f  300 – v  …(1)
 T 
n T n T
60. 7 ; v   420 
 300 
2l  2l 
and 1.8 = f  300  v  …(2)
 T 

n 1 T Here, vT = vs = velocity of source/train

420  10 x  ; Solving x  7
2l  Solving Eqs. (1) & (2), we get vT = 30 m/s ; n = 3
61. 3  V   V 
S 66. n  4 L   m  2L  -------------(1)
 c  0
 V   V 
also, 3  4 L   2  2 L  ----------(2)
 c  0
x
Lc 3
From equation (2) L  4
o

From equation(1)
D
n L  6 3 9
2
1  2  c     ; n  9 if m  6
 x  2
m  Lo  4 2 6
2  22    x  2  x  3m
 4
 300 
 v 336 67. f1  900   = 900  3V1
62.  20 ; l = 80 cm ; f    100  300  V1 
4  80
likewise, f 2  900  3V2

1 λ given f 2  f1  6
S1 D 4 = 420 Hz 3 V1  V2   6 ; V1  V2  2m / sec
1 1
68. f 0  f c  2 ; V     2 ; V /L 8
350 350  2 L 4L 
63. 7; f   7
0.32 0.322 in second case,
64. Given f1 – f2 = 3 Hz V V 7V 7
f 0|  f c|   ;  8   7
 v   v  L 8L 8L 8
or f  v – v  – f  v  v  =3
 s   s 
1 I1 1 a2 f 2 (3)2 (8)2
69. (1) I  a 2 f 2  (2)2 (12)2  1
 340   340  2 2 2
or 340  340 – v  – 340  340  v  =3
 s   s 

49