SDM Frame PDF

Slope-Deflection
Method: Frames
1) Without Side-sway
2) With Side-sway
Slope-Deflection Method:
Frames Without Side-
Side-sway
In frames axial deformations are much smaller than the
bending deformations and are neglected in the analysis.
With this assumption some frames will not side-sway
(the frames will not be displaced to the right or left).
Frames do not side-sway if:
They are restrained against side-sway.
The frame geometry and loading is symmetrical.
The analysis of such rigid frames by slope deflection
equation essentially follows the same steps as that of
continuous beams.
Slope-Deflection Method: Frames Without Side-sway,
Example 1 F2 = 10 kN
F1 = 5 kN
a b d
EI = const.
4
2 2 2
1. Degrees of freedom
The frame is kinematically indeterminate to first
degree. Only one joint rotation ϕb is unknown.
Example 1
2. Fixed end moments are calculated referring to the table.
F2 = 10 kN
F1 = 5 kN
a b d
EI = const.
4
2 2 2
1
M bd = − ⋅ F2 ⋅ lbd
8
1
M db = + ⋅ F2 ⋅ lbd
8
M cb = M bc = 0
Example 1 F1 = 5 kN
F2 = 10 kN
3. Express internal end moments a b d

by slope-deflection equations. EI = const.
4
2 2 2
2 EI
M cb = M cb + ( 2 ⋅ ϕ c + ϕb ) c
lcb
2 EI
M bc = M bc + ( 2 ⋅ ϕb + ϕ c )
lcb
2 EI
M bd = M bd + ( 2 ⋅ ϕb + ϕ d )
lbd
2 EI
M db = M db + ( 2 ⋅ ϕ d + ϕb )
lbd
Example 1 F1 = 5 kN
F2 = 10 kN
a b d
4. Equilibrium equations EI = const.
End moments are expressed in
4
terms of unknown rotation ϕb. 2 2 2
Now, the required equation to
solve for the rotation ϕb is the c
moment equilibrium equation
at rigid joint b.
M bF1 = F1 ⋅ 2 M bd
∑ b
M = 0 : M bc + M bd + M b =0
F1
b
M bc
5. End moments
After evaluating ϕb, substitute it
to evaluate beam end moments.
Example 1
6. Shear forces
Now, reactions at supports are evaluated using equilibrium
equations. Shear forces are equal to plus/minus this reactions.
Mcb Mbc Mbd F2 = 10 kN Mbd

c b b d
4 2 2
Rcb=Vcb Rbc=-Vbc Rbd=Vbd Rdb=-Vdb
1  
Vcb = Rcb = ( − M cb − M bc ) Vbd = Rbd =
1
F
 2 ⋅
lbd
− M bd − M db 
lbc lbd  2 
Vbc = − Rbc = −
1
( + M cb + M bc ) 1  lbd 
Vdb = − Rdb = − F
 2 ⋅ + M bd + M db 
lbc lbd  2 
Example 1 F1 = 5 kN
F2 = 10 kN
7. Normal forces a b d
The required equations to EI = const.
solve for normal forces are
4
the force equilibrium 2 2 2
equations at rigid joint b.
c
∑F xb = 0 : Nbd − Vbc = 0 F1 Vbd

b
∑F zb = 0 : N bc + Vbd + F1 = 0 Nbd
Vbc
Nbc
Example 1
8. Draw normal and shear force diagrams.
Vbd
Nbd = Ndb
0
-F1 Vdb
Vcb = Vbc
Ncb = Nbc
Example 1
8. Draw bending moment diagram
-F1·2
Mbd
-Mbd
-Mbc
MF
Mcb
Slope-Deflection Method:
Frames With Side-
Side-sway
In frames axial deformations are much smaller than the
bending deformations and are neglected in the analysis.
The frames will side-sway (the frames will be displaced
to the right or left or will be displaced up or down).
Frames side-sway if:
They are not restrained against side-sway.
The frame geometry and loading is not symmetrical.
Slope-Deflection Method: Frames With Side-sway,
Example 2
Frame is kinematically b I c
indeterminate to third
F = 12 kN
degrees (three unknown
I
3
displacements - two
rotations ϕb, ϕc and
one translation ub = uc). d
2I
3
a
Example 2
b I c
F = 12 kN
I
3
d
2I
3
1
M ab = − ⋅ F ⋅ lab
8 a
1
M ba = + ⋅ F ⋅ lab
8
M bc = M cb = 0
M cd = M dc = 0
Example 2 ∆ ∆
3. Express internal end moments c

by slope-deflection equations. b ψcd
M ab = M ab +
2 EI ab
(2 ⋅ ϕ a + ϕb − 3 ⋅ψ ab ) ψab
lab
bar rotation
d
ub = uc = ∆
chords of
∆
ψ ab ≈ tanψ ab = the elastic curve
lab
∆ a
ψ cd ≈ tanψ cd =
lcd
Slope-Deflection Method: b I c
F = 12 kN
Frames With Side-sway, I
3
Example 2 d
2I
3. Express internal end moments
by slope-deflection equations. 4
3
2 EI ab
M ab = M ab + ( 2 ⋅ ϕa + ϕb − 3 ⋅ψ ab ) a
lab
2 EI ab
M ba = M ba + ( 2 ⋅ ϕb + ϕa − 3 ⋅ψ ab )
lab
2 EI bc
M bc = M bc + ( 2 ⋅ ϕb + ϕc − 3 ⋅ψ bc )
lbc
2 EI bc
M cb = M cb + ( 2 ⋅ ϕc + ϕb − 3 ⋅ψ bc )
lbc
2 EI cd
M cd = M cd + ( 2 ⋅ ϕc + ϕd − 3 ⋅ψ cd )
lcd
2 EI cd
M dc = M dc + ( 2 ⋅ φd + φc − 3 ⋅ψ cd )
lcd
Example 2
4. Equilibrium equations
End moments are expressed in terms of unknown rotations ϕb, ϕc
and translation ∆. Now, the required equation to solve are the
moment equilibrium equations at rigid joints b and c and then
so-called sideway equation.
b I c
∑M
F = 12 kN
= 0 : M ba + M bc = 0 I
3
b
∑M = 0 : M cb + M cd = 0
d
2I
c
4
3
a
Example 2 Part of the frame containing
4. Equilibrium equations the joints with the same
Sideway equation translation ∆ “cut off”.
(the horizontal equilibrium)
b I c
F = 12 kN
∑ Fx = 0 : Vba + Vcd = 0 I
3
d
2I
1  lab 4

Vba = −  F ⋅ + M ab + M ba 
3
lab  2 
a
1
Vcd = ( − M cd − M dc )
lcd
b c
Vba Vcd
Example 2
4. Solving equilibrium equations
2,33 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕb + 0,5 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕc − 0,33 ⋅ EI ⋅ ∆ = −9

0,5 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕb + 2,33 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕc − 0,67 ⋅ EI ⋅ ∆ = 0
− 0,33 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕb − 0,67 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕ c + 0,556 ⋅ EI ⋅ ∆ = 6
2,76
ϕc = −
EI
4,88
ϕd =
EI
14,99
∆=
EI
Example 2 c
b I
5. End moments
F = 12 kN
I
3
After evaluating ϕb, ϕc, ∆, substitute
them to evaluate end moments. d
2I
2 EI EI
M ab = −9 + ⋅ ϕb − ⋅ ∆ = −15,84 kNm 4
3 3
3
4 EI EI
M ba = 9 + ⋅ ϕb − ⋅ ∆ = 0,32 kNm
3 3 a
EI
M bc = EI ⋅ ϕb + ⋅ ϕ c = −0,32 kNm
2
EI
M cb = EI ⋅ ϕ c + ⋅ ϕb = 3,50 kNm
2
4 ⋅ EI 2 ⋅ EI
M cd = ⋅ϕc − ⋅ ∆ = −3,50 kNm
3 3
2 ⋅ EI 2 ⋅ EI
M dc = ⋅ ϕc − ⋅ ∆ = −6,75 kNm
3 3
Example 2
6. Shear forces
Mab F = 12 kN Mba Mbc Mcb Mcd Mdc
a b b c c d
3 3 4 3
Rab=Vab Rba=-Vba Rbc=Vbc Rcb=-Vcb Rcd=Vcd Rdc=-Vdc
1  lab 
Vab = Rab =  F ⋅ − M ab − M ba  Vbc = Rbc = (− M bc − M cb )
1
Vcd = Rcd =
1
(− M cd − M dc )
lab  2  lbc lcd
Vab =
1
(12 ⋅ 3 + 15,84 − 0,32) = 8,59 kN Vbc =
1
(+ 0,32 − 3,50) = −0,79 kN Vcd =
1
(+ 3,50 + 6,75) = 3,41 kN
6 4 3
1  l  Vdc = − Rdc = − (+ M cd + M dc )
1
Vcb = − Rcb = − (+ M bc + M cb )
1
Vba = − Rba = −  F ⋅ ab + M ab + M ba 
lab  2  lbc lcd
Vba = −
1
(12 ⋅ 3 − 15,84 + 0,32) = −3,41 kN Vcb = − (− 0,32 + 3,50) = −0,79 kN
1
Vdc = −
1
(− 3,50 − 6,75) = 3,41 kN
6 4 3
Example 2
7. Normal forces
The required equations to solve for normal forces are the
force equilibrium equations at rigid joint b and c.
Vbc Ncb
b ∑ Fxb = 0 ∑ Fxc = 0 c
Nbc Vcb
N bc − Vba = 0 − N cb − Vcd = 0
Vba Vcd
N bc = Vba N cb = −Vcd
Nba N bc = −3,41 kN N cb = −3,41 kN
Ncd
∑ Fzb = 0 ∑ Fzc = 0
N ba + Vbc = 0 N cd − Vcb = 0
N ba = −Vbc N cd = Vcb
N ba = 0,79 kN N cd = −0,79 kN
Example 2
8. Draw normal and shear force diagrams
Vcd = Vdc = 3,41

Nbc= Ncb = -3,41 Vbc= Vcb = -0,79
Ncd = Ndc = -0,79
Vba = -3,41
Nab = Nba = 0,79
Vab = 8,59
Example 2
8. Draw bending moment diagram
Mbc= -0,32 -Mcb = -3,50
-Mba= -0,32
Mcd = -3,50
MF = 9,92
-Mdc = 6,75
Mab = -15,84
M F = M ab + Vab ⋅ 3
M F = −15,84 + 8,59 ⋅ 3 = 9,92 kNm
Example 3 F2 = 5 kN
q = 6 kN/m
F1 = 10 kN
a b d
EI = const.
4
4 2
Two unknown displacements
- one rotation ϕb
c
- one translation ua = ub = ud.
Support rotation ϕa is not necessary to solution because
the moment Ma is known (Ma = 0) ⇒ beam portion ab is
taken as hinged-fixed.
Example 3
q = 6 kN/m F2 = 5 kN
F1 = 10 kN 7
a b d M ba =+ ⋅ q ⋅ lab2
120
EI = const.
M bc = 0
4
4 2
M cb = 0
c
Example 3
3. Express internal end moments by slope-deflection equations.
∆ ∆ ∆
a
b d
ψbc
ua = ub = ud = ∆
∆
ψ bc ≈ tanψ bc =
lbc M ab = M ab +
2 EI ab
(2 ⋅ ϕ a + ϕb − 3 ⋅ψ ab )
lab
chords of
the elastic curve c M ab = M ab +
3 EI ab
(ϕ a −ψ ab )
lab
fixed end rotation

Example 3 q = 6 kN/m F2 = 5 kN
3. Express internal end F1 = 10 kN

a b d
moments by slope-
deflection equations. EI = const.
4
4 2
3 EI ab
M ba = M ba + (ϕb −ψ ab )
lab c
2 EI bc
M bc = M bc + ( 2 ⋅ ϕb + ϕc − 3 ⋅ψ bc )
lbc
2 EI bc
M cb = M cb + ( 2 ⋅ ϕc + ϕb − 3 ⋅ψ bc )
lbc
Example 3
4. Equilibrium equations
End moments are expressed in terms of unknown rotations ϕb
and translation ∆. Required equation to solve are the moment
equilibrium equations at rigid joints b and then sideway equation.
M bF2 = F2 ⋅ 2 q = 6 kN/m F2 = 5 kN
b F1 = 10 kN
a b d
M ba EI = const.
M bc
4
4 2
∑M b = 0 : M ba + M bc − M F2
b =0
Example 3 Part of the frame containing the joints
4. Equilibrium equations with the same translation ∆ “cut off”.
sideway equation q = 6 kN/m F2 = 5 kN
(the horizontal equilibrium)
F1 = 10 kN
a b d
∑F x = 0 : F1 − Vbc = 0 EI = const.
4
4 2
1
Vbc = ( − M bc − M cb )
lbc
c
F1 = 10 kN
a b d
Vbc
Example 3
4. Solving equilibrium equations
?
 ϕb =
1, 75 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕb − 0,375 ⋅ EI ⋅ ∆ = 4, 4  EI

0,375 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕb − 0,1875 ⋅ EI ⋅ ∆ = −10  ∆ = ?
EI
5. End moments
After evaluating ϕb, ∆, substitute them to evaluate end moments.
3EI
M ba = 5, 6 + ⋅ ϕb
4
3EI
M bc = EI ⋅ ϕb − ⋅∆
8
EI 3EI
M cb = ⋅ ϕb − ⋅∆
2 8
Example 3
6. Shear forces
q = 6 kN/m
Mab Mba Mbc Mcb
a b b c
4 4
Rab=Vab Rba=-Vba Rbc=Vbc Rcb=-Vcb
1  q ⋅ lab 2 ⋅ lab  1
Vab = Rab =  ⋅ − M ab − M ba  Vbc = Rbc = ( − M bc − M cb )
lab  2 3  lbc
1  q ⋅ lab lab  1
Vba = − Rba = −  ⋅ + M ab + M ba  Vcb = − Rcb = − ( + M bc + M cb )
lab  2 3  lbc
Example 3
7. Normal forces
The required equations to solve for normal forces are the
force equilibrium equations at rigid joint b.
Nba F2
∑ Fxb = 0 : − Nba − Vbc = 0 b
∑F zb = 0 : N bc − Vba + F2 = 0 Vba
Vbc
Nbc
Example 3
8. Draw normal and shear force diagrams.
Nab= Nba = -10 Vab= 2,025 F2= 5

Nbc= Ncb = -14,975
2°
Vbc= Vcb = 10
Vba= -9,975
xn= 3,647
Vba ⋅ 2 ⋅ lab 9,975 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 4

xn = = = 3,647 m
q 6
Example 3
8. Draw bending moment diagram. -Mba= -23,9
-F2·2 = -10
3°
Mbc = -13,9
Mmax= 0,35
xn3
M max = −M ba − Vba ⋅ xn − q ⋅
6 ⋅ lab -Mcb = 26,1
3,6473
M max = −23,9 + 9,975⋅ 3,647 − 6 ⋅
6⋅ 4
M max = 0,35 kNm

SDM Frame PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SDM Frame PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Slope-Deflection

3. Express internal end moments a b d

Mcb Mbc Mbd F2 = 10 kN Mbd

∑F xb = 0 : Nbd − Vbc = 0 F1 Vbd

3. Express internal end moments c

2,33 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕb + 0,5 ⋅ EI ⋅ ϕc − 0,33 ⋅ EI ⋅ ∆ = −9

Vcd = Vdc = 3,41

Ncd = Ndc = -0,79

fixed end rotation

3. Express internal end F1 = 10 kN

Nab= Nba = -10 Vab= 2,025 F2= 5

Vba ⋅ 2 ⋅ lab 9,975 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 4

You might also like