Olympics

Ø First Held: 776 B.C in the Kingdom of Ellis, 15 km of Ionian Sea

• Day 1: Sacrifices and Opening Ceremonies

• Day 2: Competition for the Ephebians
• Day 3: Adult Competitors
• Day 4: Equestrian Events, Race with Arms etc.
• Day 5: Closing Ceremonies and Winner Proclamation

• Prize in 1st- 6th Olympic Games: Meat/ ‘Meria’ taken from the body of the animal sacrificed; further: Olive Crown.
• Came to end around 393 B.C.

Ø Modern Olympics- Landmarks:

• Initiated by Pierre Fredy Baron De Coubertin

• 1894: IOC formed at Chakhon; Motto: ‘Citius Altius Fortius” adopted

• 1896: 1st (Athens)

• 1900: 2nd (Paris); Participation of Women, India- 2 Silver medals (Athletics)- Norman Pritchard

• Olympic Symbol: Five Rings: Asia (Yellow), Africa (Black), Europe (Blue), America (Red) and Australia (Green).

• 1904: 3rd (St. Louis); Three Medal Format (Pure Metal)

• 1912: 5th (Stockholm); Gold Plated Silver Medal System

• 1913: Olympic Flag: Olympic Symbol over White Silk; created on suggestion of PBC. Sequence: Bl- Y-B- G- R

• 1914: Olympic Flag inaugurated in Berlin.

• 1916: 6th (Berlin); Cancelled due to WW I

• 1920: 7th (Antwerp); Olympic Flag raised for the first time in Antwerp Games.

• 1924: Winter Olympic Started (Chamonix, France)

• 1928: 9th (Amsterdam); India- 1st Gold (Hockey); Olympic Flame lighted in 1928 for the first time ceremonially.

• 1936: 11th (Berlin); Modern version of Olympic Flame adopted.

• 1940: 12th (Tokyo, later Helsinki); Cancelled due to WW II

• 1944: 13th (London); Cancelled due to WW II

• 1960: 17th and 1st Paralympics Games (Rome)

• 1967: Performance enhancing drugs banned

• 1968: 19th (Grenoble, France); 1st Mascot

• 2010: 1st Summer Youth Olympic (Singapore)

 • 2012: 30th (London); 1st time at least one female athlete/ country; 1st Winter Youth Olympic (Innsbruck)

• 2014: 2nd SYOG (Nanjing, China)

• 2016: 31st (Rio De Janeiro); 2nd WYOG (Lillehammer, Norway)

- Mascot: ‘Vinicius’

• 2018: 23rd Winter Olympics at Pyeong Chang, South Korea, 3rd SYOG (Buenos Aires)

• 2020: 32nd (Tokyo); 5th in World and 1st in Asia to hold the games more than once.
- Stadium: New National Olympic Stadium
- Emblem: Harmonized Chequered Emblem; Meaning: Unity in Diversity
- Motto: Discover Tomorrow
- Official Ambassador: Goku
- Nations Participating: 207 (Expected)

Ø Key Facts:
• Nita Ambani- 1st Indian woman to become a member of IOC
• Walkover- 1908 London Games (400 m; USA> Britain)
• Repechage: For defeated participants.
• Triple Triple: Usain Bolt
• Michael Phelps: Most Decorated Olympian
• Olympic Gold Medal: 92.5% Silver, 6 gram Gold.
• In Inaugural ceremony March Past, 1st Flag: Greece, 2nd Flag: Host Country, Rest: Alphabetical
• Marrie Lila Ro: 1st Indian Woman to participate in Olympics
• Larina Lavyanina: Woman with maximum medals (18 inc 9 Gold)
• Christina Otty: Woman with maximum Gold in single event (6 Gold- Swimming- 1986 Seoul)

Commonwealth Games

Ø Held every 4 years.

Ø 1930: 1st held in Hamilton, Canada
Ø 1934: 2nd held in London; India Participation started
Ø 2014: 19th held in Glasgow, Scotland.
Ø 2018: 20th would be held in Gold Coast (5th time in Australia)
- Venue: Carrarra Stadium

Asian Games

Ø Key Facts:
- Symbol: Shining Sun
- Motto: ‘Ever Shining’ given by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
- Emblem: ‘Bright Full Rising Sun’
Ø 1951: 1st held in New Delhi
- Torch and Flag presented by Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Ø 2014: 17th held in Incheon, South Korea
Ø 2018: 18th will be held in Jakarta, Indonesia (3rd City in Indonesia to host) and Palembang, Sumatra
- Motto: Energy of Asia
- Venue: Gelora Bung Karno Main
 Sports Key Facts:

1. Cricket
Ø 11
Ø ** England, Australia
Ø // Pitch
Ø $$ Cooch Behar, Deodhar, Duleep, Irani Cup, Moinuddowlah Gold Cup, Rani Jhansi, Sheesh Mahal, Vijay Merchant,
Vinod Mankad, Vizzy, Wills Cup, Ranji, Rohinton Baria, Reliance Cup
Ø Key Notes:
• Origin: England (1300 AD)
• 1st One Day International: England Vs Australia (Melbourne)- 1971
• 1st World Cup: West Indies Vs Australia (London)- 1975; Every 4 years (2019: England; 2023: India)
• 1st ICC T- 20: SA- 2007
• Apex Institution: ICC (HQ: England à Dubai: 2005)
• Max World Cup: Australia
• Presidency Matches (Parsees vs British): Started in Poona and Bombay
• BCCI: 1927
• Length of Pitch: 22 Yards (20.11m)
• Length of Crease: 1.22 Yards (1.83m)
• Weight of Ball: 155- 163 gm
Ø Terms:
Played on, Appeal, Bye, Leg Bye, Power Play, Follow on, Dusara, Beamer, Hoober Shot, Lost Ball, Duckworth Luis,
Retired Hurt, Chinaman, Batsman, Bowler, Wicket Keeper, Fielder, Wide, Swing, LBW, Catch, Hit Wicket, Throw,
Maiden Over, Four, Sixer, Stroke, Cover, Mid-on, Mid-off, Mid-Wicket, Over the Wicket, Round the Wicket, Leg Spinner,
Off Spinner, Over throw, Over slip, Gulley, Cover point, Silly point, Long off, Long on, Third Man, Short Pitch, Hook,
Dead ball, Run out, Popping Crease, Pitch, Bouncer/ Bumper, Full toss, Yorker, Googly, Wicket Maiden, Snick, Duck,
Hat- Trick, Rubber, The Ashes, Scoring a Ton.
Ø Ferozshah Kotla (Delhi), Wankhede (Mumbai), Brabourne (Mumbai), Eden Gardens (Kolkata), Green Park Stadium
(Kanpur), Keenan Stadium (Tata), Nehru (Chepak) Stadium (Chennai), Barabati Stadium (Cuttack), Headingly-
Manchester (UK), Lords Oval- Leeds (UK), Trent Bridge (UK), Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney (Australia)

2. Football
Ø 11
Ø // Field
Ø $$ Vittal, Todd Memorial, Subroto Mukherji Cup, Stafford Cup, Sri Krishna Gold Cup, Santosh Trophy, Sanjay Gold
Cup, Rovers Cup, Raghbir Singh Memorial Cup, Nizam Gold Cup, Nagjee, Mis Iqbal Hussain, IFA Shield, GV Raja
Memorial, FA Cup, Durand Cup. Dr. BC Roy, DCM Trophy, Chakola Gold, Begum Hazrat Mahal, Ashutosh,
Ø Key Notes:
• Origin: British
• Similar game: ‘Harpastan’ was played by the Greeks of Sparta in 500 B.C.
• 1st FC: Sheffield Football Club: 1857 in England
• 1st FC in India: Dalhousie Club: 1878
• Indian Football Association: 1878
• Apex Institution: FIFA (Federation of International de Football Association): 7 Countries: 1904 (HQ: Paris)
• Football= Soccer (by London Football Association in 1863)
• 1st FWC: Monte Video (Uruguay ): 1930
• Durand Cup: Oldest Football Tournament of India and 2nd oldest of World: 1888; 1st: Shimla
• FIFA World Cup- Every 4 Years
• Length of Field: 91- 120m
• Width of Field: 15- 91m
• Weight of Ball: 396- 453 gm
 Ø Terms:
Abbey, Dribble, Extra Time, Full Back, Half Back, Striker, Centre, Forward, Penalty Kick, Free Kick, Scissor Kick, Goal
Kick, Direct Kick, Corner Kick, Referee, Tie Breaker, Hat Trick, Hand ball, Sweeper, Back, Throw in, Hand Ball (fault),
Touch Line, Place Kick or Kick off, Direct Free Kick, Indirect Free Kick, Tackle, Off Side, Sliding Tackle, Drop Ball,
Sudden Death, Penalty Shootout etc.
Ø Amedkar Stadium (Delhi), Wembley (UK), Brookland (UK)

3. Hockey
Ø 11
Ø ** India, Pakistan
Ø // Field
Ø $$ Aga Khan, All India Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Beighton Cup, Chakola Gold Cup, Dhyan Chand, Gurmit
Trophy, JL Nehru Cup, Kuppuswamy Naidu, Lady Ratan Tata (W), MCC Trophy, Murugappa Gold, Nanak Championship
(W), Nehru Trophy, Obaidullah Gold, Rangaswami Cup, Rene Frank, Scindia Gold Cup, Settu Cup, Shani Trophy,
Surjeet Singh, Tommy Emar Gold Cup, Yadavindra Cup
Ø Key Notes:
• 1st HC: Blackheath Rugby and Hockey Club- 1861, England
• 1st HWC: Barcelona, 1971 (2018: Bhubaneswar)
• Hockey Association of England: 1886 , London
• Apex Institution: FIH: 1924 (HQ: Vienna à Paris)
• 1st International Hockey Match: Wales vs Ireland in Rayle: 1895
• Indian Hockey Federation: 1925, Gwalior
• Length of Field: 91.44m
• Width of Field: 50- 55m
• Max weight of Stick: 280 gm
• Weight of Ball: 155- 163 gm
Ø Terms:
Advantage, Back- Stick, Bully, Carry, Dribble, Dodge, Goal Line, Green Card, Flick, Free Hit, Face of Stick, Jab Stroke,
Lung Stroke, Melee, Off side, Penalty shootout, Short corner, Striking Circle/ Shooting Circle, Square Pass, Tackling,
Through Pass, Under cutting, Stick, Penalty Stroke, Scoop, Side line, Tie- Breaker, Penalty, Under cutting, Volley,
Centre Forward, Roll in, Push in, Shooting, Half volley, Full back etc.
Ø Shivaji (Delhi), National (Delhi and Mumbai),

4. Basketball
Ø 5
Ø //Court
Ø $$ Bangalore Blues Challenge
Ø Key Notes:
• Origin: 1891, Springfield, USA
• IBF: 1932
• BFI: 1950
• Length of Court: 28m
• Width of Court: 15m
• Height of Basket from Court: 3.05m
• Weight of Ball: 600- 650 gm
Ø Terms:
Dribbling, Front Court, Second Dribble, Two Count Stop, Travelling or Shifting, Pivoting, Held ball, Jump ball, Violation,
Foul, Feinting or Dodging, Shooting, Set shot, Ring, Guard Point, Dead ball, Basket Rudnick, Hook Pass, Goal, Centre
Line, Free throw Line, Onsted, Fast break, Layup shot, Man to Man defence, Pack, Three Point, Turn Over, Assist,
Throw, Goal Trending, Steal, tap etc.

5. Volleyball
Ø 6
Ø // Court
Ø Key Notes:
 • Origin: Holyoke YMCA Gymnasium, USA, 1895
• 1st Name: Mintonnette
• IVA: 1947, Paris
• 1st VWC: 1949, Prague
• 1st Asian VC: 1955, Tokyo
• VFI: 1950
• Length of Court: 18m
• Width of Court: 9m
• Net’s Height: 2.43m
• Ball’s internal pressure: 0.40- 0.45 Kg/cm
Ø Terms:
Antennae, Attack Hit, Black Zone Player, Dribbling, Libero, Front Zone Players, Blocking, Smash, Rotation, Boosting,
Net Fault, Volley Pass, Forearm Pass, Service, Hook Serve, Set up, Referee etc.

6. Badminton
Ø 1/ 2
Ø // Court
Ø $$ Amrit Diwan Cup, Chadda Cup, Olympian Challenger Cup, Yonex Cup, Vikas Topiwala Challenge Cup
Ø Key Notes:
• Modern Badminton: 17th century, England
• IBF: 1934
• BAI: 1934
• WBC: 1977
• Length of Court: 44 feet
• Width: 20 feet (Doubles) and 17 feet (Singles)
• Height of net: 5 feet
• Max weight of Racket: 2.5 feet
• Max width of Racket: 9 inches
• Weight: 85- 140 Grams
Ø Terminology:
Badminton Court, End, Trans Lines, Back gallery, Service court, Let, Forward Stroke, Backward Stroke, Toss or Lob,
Clear, Smash, Net Stroke, Rally, Settling, First Hand or Second hand, Side out, Base of Operation, Rotation, Long
Service, Net Fault, Double Fault, Foot Fault, Service Break, Match Point, Set Point, High Service, Cross Shot, Service
Change, Drive, Drop Shot, Duce, Advance etc.

7. Lawn Tennis
Ø 1/ 2
Ø // Court
Ø $$ Dr. Rajendra Prasad Cup
Ø Key Notes:
• Origin: 1870, Wales
• Wimbledon Championship: 1877
• Length of Court: 78 feet
• Width of Court: 27 and 36 feet
• Height of the net: 3 feet
• Weight of Ball: 56- 59.4 gm
• Max length of Racket: 32 inch
Ø Terms:
Ace, Advantage, A Let, Back Hand Drive, Deuce, Chip Shot, Volley, Half Volley, Let Fault, Foot Fault, Double Fault,
Smash, Service, Grand Slam, Singles Sticks, Love, Slice
Ø Wimbledon (London)
Ø Forest Hill Stadium (USA)

8. Table Tennis
Ø 1/ 2
 Ø ** China
Ø // Board
Ø $$ Barna- Bellack Cup, Jayalakshmi Cup, Rajkumari Challenge Cup, Ramanujan Trophy,
Ø Key Notes:
• Origin: 1880, England
• 1st match of TTWC- 1927
• TT Association of India- 1938
• Length of Table: 9 Feet (2.74m)
• Width of Table: 5 Feet (1.54m)
• Color of Ball: White/ Yellow
Ø Terms:
Foil, End line, Late control, Flat hit, Block Stroke, Service, Penholder Grip, Back Spin, Centre Line, Half Court, Side
Spin, Swing Stroke, Push Stroke, Rally, Let, Reverse, Top Spin, Drop Shot, Lob, Chopped return, Counter hitting etc.
9. Golf
Ø Multiple
Ø // Course
Ø $$ Canada Cup, Eisenhower, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura, President’s Trophy, Prince of Wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim
Cup, Topolino, Walker Cup, Hapman Cup,
Ø Diameter of hole: 4 inches
Ø Terms: Bogie, Fore-Some, Stymie, T, Put hole, Nib Lick, Caddy, Limns, Iron, Putting, The Green, Bunker
Ø Sendy Lodge (Scotland)

10. Water Polo

Ø 7
Ø 30 x 20 Yards
Ø Terms: 2 m line, 4 m line, Goal Line, Caps, Personal, Fault, Ball under

11. Polo
Ø 4
Ø $$ Ezza Cup, Gold Cup, King’s Cup, Priti Pal Singh Cup, Radha Mohan Cup, Winchester Cup, Winchester Cup
Ø Key Notes:
• Length of Field: 300 yards
• Width of Field: 150 yards
• Distance between goals: 250 yards
• Distance between goal posts: 8 yards
Ø Terms: Bunker, Chuker, Mallet
Ø Hurlington (England)

12. Kho-Kho
Ø 9
Ø // Court
Ø Terms: Chasers, Active Chaser, Runners, Diving, Taking a Direction, To recede, Tapping, Trapping, Dupe turn, Late
Kho, Fake Kho

13. Wrestling
Ø Mattress 1.1 m high
Ø Circular area: 9m diameter
Ø Terms: Heave, Half, Nelson, Rebuts, Hold Sager

14. Swimming
Ø // Pool
Ø Terms: Crawl, Breast Stroke, Spring Board, Twist, Butter Fly

15. Boxing
 Ø Ring: 4.9x 4.9 m^2- 6.10x 6.10 m^2
Ø $$ Aspy Adjahia, Federation Cup, Val Baker
Ø Terms: Punch, Upper Cut, Round, Jab, Hook, Knock Down, Knock Out, Hitting Willow, Ring, Break, Bell, Belt, Blow,
Bounce, Bout
Ø Yankee Stadium (New York)

16. Baseball
Ø 9
Ø ** USA
Ø // Diamond
Ø Distance of each base: 90 feet
Ø Distance of the base along with hypotenuse: 127 feet
Ø Terms: Home, Diamond, Pitcher, Put Out, Home run, Strike, Ant Rubber
Ø Brooklyn Stadium (New York)

17. Marathon
Ø Distance: 42.195 km
Ø // Track

18. Billiards/ Snooker

Ø 1
Ø $$ Arthur Walker, Thomas Cup
Ø Terms: Cue, Jigger, Pot, Break Pot, In Luck, In Off, Cans, Bolting, Hazard, Long

19. Rifle Shooting

Ø // Range
Ø Terms: Target, Bull’s eye, Muzzle Flub

20. Chess
Ø ** Russia
Ø $$ Naidu Trophy, Khaitan Trophy, Limca Trophy, Lin Arec City
Ø Terms: Bishop, Gambit, Checkmate, Stalemate, Pawn, Grandmaster etc.

21. Bull Fighting

Ø ** Spain

22. Horse Racing

Ø // Arena
Ø $$ Beresford Cup, Blue Riband Cup, Derby, Grand National Cup
Ø Aintree, Doncaster and Epsom (England), Flemington (Melbourne)

23. Rugby Football

Ø 15
Ø ** Scotland
Ø $$ Bledisloe, Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis
Ø Blackheath (London), Twickenham (England)

24. Boat Race

Ø Putney Mart Lake

25. Dog Race

Ø White City (England)

26. Regata
 Ø Henlay (England)

27. Ice Hockey

Ø ** Canada
Ø // Rink

28. Ju- Jitsu

Ø ** Japan
Ø // Mat

29. Cycling
Ø // Vellodrome

30. Judo/ Karate/ Taekwondo

Ø // Mat

31. Kabaddi
Ø 7
Ø // Court

32. Netball
Ø 7
Ø // Court
Ø $$ Anantrao Pawar Trophy

33. Gymnastic
Ø Multiple

34. Bridge
Ø 2
Ø $$ Basalat Jha, Holkar, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania

35. Croquet
Ø 13/ 15

36. Lacrosse
Ø 12